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W4281820476 | PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DE ÓBITOS POR CÂNCER DE MAMA EM IDOSOS BRASILEIROS, 2010-2019 | INTRODUÇÃO: O câncer de mama é um grupo heterogêneo de doenças, cuja incidência tende a crescer progressivamente a partir dos 40 anos, assim como a mortalidade por essa neoplasia. OBJETIVO: Analisar o perfil epidemiológico de óbitos causados por câncer de mama em idosos brasileiros. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo em base de dados secundários, considerando todos os óbitos causados por câncer de mama (CID C50) no Brasil, no período de 2010 a 2019; nos sexos masculino e feminino; e nas faixas etárias de “60 a 69 anos”, “70 a 79 anos” e “80 anos e mais”. Os dados foram obtidos no Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade (SIM) do Sistema Único de Saúde do Brasil. RESULTADOS: Observou-se que, no período analisado, ocorreram 153.951 óbitos por câncer de mama no Brasil. Deste quantitativo, 81.322 óbitos ocorreram em pessoas idosas, representando 52,82% do total de óbitos. Analisando especificamente o grupo dos idosos, constatou-se maior frequência de internações em “60 a 69 anos” (41,60%), seguido por “70 a 79 anos” (31,02%). O número de óbitos em mulheres idosas, quando comparado ao sexo masculino, é significativamente maior (98,49% do total de óbitos em idosos). CONCLUSÃO: A idade é apontada pela literatura como um dos principais fatores de risco para câncer de mama, dado que foi igualmente confirmado nesse estudo. Sabe-se também que o câncer de mama é o mais incidente em mulheres no mundo e o presente estudo, portanto, corrobora a notória predominância do câncer de mama no sexo feminino. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
EP 2020062734 W | MOUNTING CASSETTE FOR A MOVEMENT FITTING, FURNITURE PANEL HAVING AN INTEGRATED MOUNTING CASSETTE, AND PIECE OF FURNITURE OR FURNITURE BODY HAVING A FURNITURE PANEL OF THIS TYPE | The invention relates to a mounting cassette (50) for a movement fitting (30), for integrating into a furniture panel (40), the mounting cassette comprising two mutually spaced side panels (51), which are arranged parallel to one another. An opening (52) remains on a narrow side of the furniture cassette (50), into which opening the movement fitting (30) can be inserted. The mounting cassette (50) has a clamping mechanism (57) in order to clamp the movement fitting (30) in the mounting cassette (50). The invention further relates to a furniture panel (40) having an integrated mounting cassette (50), to a furniture body (10) or a piece of furniture having a furniture panel (40) of this type, and to a method for integrating a mounting cassette (50) into a furniture panel (40). | [
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1103/PhysRevA.87.023803 | Quantum vacuum emission in a nonlinear optical medium illuminated by a strong laser pulse | A strong light pulse propagating in a nonlinear Kerr medium produces a change in the refractive index, which makes light travel at different speeds inside and outside the pulse. By tuning the pulse velocity, an analog black hole horizon can be obtained in a suitable frequency window. In this paper, we develop a quantum theory of light propagation for this system, including the frequency dispersion of the refractive index of the medium by coupling the electromagnetic field to matter polarization fields. In a configuration with a single black hole horizon, the spectrum of spontaneously emitted particles presents some similarities with Hawking radiation. Furthermore, even in horizonless systems spontaneous vacuum emission is still possible due to the dispersive nature of the medium, yet with dramatically different spectral properties. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
US 2008/0014103 W | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR TOUCH SCREEN TEXT ENTRY | A method and system are disclosed for implementing touch screen text entry on a screen in a first orientation. A web page is used for presenting a touch screen display, which allows text selection via a virtual keyboard. Selected alphanumeric characters are displayed on the screen in an orientation matching the first orientation of the screen. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
PH 2013000008 W | INTEGRATED PROCESSES FOR THE TREATMENT OF MANGO WASTES OF FRUIT PROCESSING AND THE PREPARATION OF COMPOSITIONS DERIVED THEREOF | This invention pertains to simple and integrated processes which are appropriate and economically attractive methods for the instantaneous and efficient treatment of mango (Mangifera indica L. Anacardiaceae) peels and seeds from fruit-processing, characterized in that the said processes, lead to the preparation of a plurality of compositions, which have shelf lives of at least six months and are commercially ready to use. Said processes also result in the most efficient treatment of the mango peels and seeds, which are oftentimes regarded as worthless, troublesome and potentially hazardous wastes. The said processes also allow the efficient utilization of energy and process equipment in the said process. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1007/978-3-642-41248-6_9 | Auditory Sketches Sparse Representations Of Sounds Based On Perceptual Models | An important question for both signal processing and auditory science is to understand which features of a sound carry the most important information for the listener. Here we approach the issue by introducing the idea of "auditory sketches": sparse representations of sounds, severely impoverished compared to the original, which nevertheless afford good performance on a given perceptual task. Starting from biologically-grounded representations auditory models, a sketch is obtained by reconstructing a highly under-sampled selection of elementary atoms. Then, the sketch is evaluated with a psychophysical experiment involving human listeners. The process can be repeated iteratively. As a proof of concept, we present data for an emotion recognition task with short non-verbal sounds. We investigate 1/ the type of auditory representation that can be used for sketches 2/ the selection procedure to sparsify such representations 3/ the smallest number of atoms that can be kept 4/ the robustness to noise. Results indicate that it is possible to produce recognizable sketches with a very small number of atoms per second. Furthermore, at least in our experimental setup, a simple and fast under-sampling method based on selecting local maxima of the representation seems to perform as well or better than a more traditional algorithm aimed at minimizing the reconstruction error. Thus, auditory sketches may be a useful tool for choosing sparse dictionaries, and also for identifying the minimal set of features required in a specific perceptual task. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
10.1063/1.5100811 | Intermediate Range O O Correlations In Supercooled Water Down To 235 K | Wide angle x-ray scattering of supercooled water down to 234. 8 K was studied using high energy x rays at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility. The oxygen-oxygen pair distribution function (PDF) was calculated from the scattering pattern out to the 5th peak at an intermolecular distance, r ≈ 11 A. We observe that the 4th peak and the 5th peak in the PDF increase in height upon supercooling. We also observe that the 4th peak position (r4) shifts to shorter distances upon supercooling consistent with previous studies, but we see a more rapid change at the lowest temperature. The running oxygen-oxygen coordination number is calculated for 5 different temperatures, and an isosbestic point at riso = 3. 31 ± 0. 05 A was found corresponding to a coordination number of 4. 39 ± 0. 15. The comparison of the PDF of the coldest water with that of amorphous ice shows distinct differences. We propose that there are 5-member pentamer rings in low density liquid-like structures giving rise to the sharp correlations at r ≈ 9 A and r ≈ 11 A. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1038/nature13458 | Dynamic and static maintenance of epigenetic memory in pluripotent and somatic cells. | Stable maintenance of gene regulatory programs is essential for normal function in multicellular organisms. Epigenetic mechanisms, and DNA methylation in particular, are hypothesized to facilitate such maintenance by creating cellular memory that can be written during embryonic development and then guide cell-type-specific gene expression. Here we develop new methods for quantitative inference of DNA methylation turnover rates, and show that human embryonic stem cells preserve their epigenetic state by balancing antagonistic processes that add and remove methylation marks rather than by copying epigenetic information from mother to daughter cells. In contrast, somatic cells transmit considerable epigenetic information to progenies. Paradoxically, the persistence of the somatic epigenome makes it more vulnerable to noise, since random epimutations can accumulate to massively perturb the epigenomic ground state. The rate of epigenetic perturbation depends on the genomic context, and, in particular, DNA methylation loss is coupled to late DNA replication dynamics. Epigenetic perturbation is not observed in the pluripotent state, because the rapid turnover-based equilibrium continuously reinforces the canonical state. This dynamic epigenetic equilibrium also explains how the epigenome can be reprogrammed quickly and to near perfection after induced pluripotency. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
174069 | Industrial implementation of adaptive computational methods for turbulent flow and fluid-structure interaction | The ERC StG project UNICON (Project ID 202984) was completed in July 2013. The goal of UNICON was to develop new adaptive finite element methods for computer simulation of fluid-structure interaction, in particular for problems involving turbulent flow. Simulation of turbulent flow is an outstanding computational challenge, where the UNICON project made significant progress beyond the state of the art. The scientific results of the UNICON project include a new theoretical and methodological framework, and a computer implementation of the methods as open source software, published as part of the FEniCS project, co-founded by the PI (Hoffman) in 2003. FEniCS is today a world leading open source software for computer simulation based on differential equations, with an estimated 50 000 downloads per year, and the PI today leads the PRACE Tier-0 project FEniCS-HPC, in which algorithms and software are developed for the most powerful supercomputers in Europe. Compared to competing simulation software, free as well as commercial, UNICON computational technology has proven to exhibit unique features with respect to accuracy and efficiency.
The idea of this ERC PoC project is to commercialize the UNICON simulation technology. In particular, ADAPTIVE targets civil (non-military) industry, with a focus on subsonic fluid dynamics. The strategy is to deliver services and products tailored to each customer, from deliverance of a simulation result, to education and support for integration of the simulation tools in the workflow of a customer. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1093/nar/gkv1517 | Structure of the hypusinylated eukaryotic translation factor eIF-5A bound to the ribosome | During protein synthesis, ribosomes become stalled on polyproline-containing sequences, unless they are rescued in archaea and eukaryotes by the initiation factor 5A (a/eIF-5A) and in bacteria by the homologous protein EF-P. While a structure of EF-P bound to the 70S ribosome exists, structural insight into eIF-5A on the 80S ribosome has been lacking. Here we present a cryo-electron microscopy reconstruction of eIF-5A bound to the yeast 80S ribosome at 3. 9 Å resolution. The structure reveals that the unique and functionally essential post-translational hypusine modification reaches toward the peptidyltransferase center of the ribosome, where the hypusine moiety contacts A76 of the CCA-end of the P-site tRNA. These findings would support a model whereby eIF-5A stimulates peptide bond formation on polyproline-stalled ribosomes by stabilizing and orienting the CCA-end of the P-tRNA, rather than by directly contributing to the catalysis. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
W1842241547 | Oxidation of vanadium metal in oxygen plasma and their characterizations | In this report, the role of oxygen plasma on oxidation of vanadium (V) metal and the volatilization of its oxides has been studied as a function of source (V metal strip) temperature (Tss) and oxygen partial pressure (PO2). The presence of O2-plasma not only enhances the oxidation rate but also ficilitates in transport of oxide molecules from metal to substrate, as confirmed by the simultanous deposition of oxide film onto substrate. Both the oxidized metal strips and oxide films deposited on substrates are characterized separately. The structural and vibrational results evidence the presence of two different oxide phases (i.e. orthorhombic V2O5 and monocilinic V O2) in oxide layers formed on V metal strips, whereas the oxide films deposited on substrates exhibit only orthorhombic phase (i.e. V2O5). The decrease in peak intensities recorded from heated V metal strips on increasing Tss points out the increment in the rate of oxide volatilization, which also confirms by the oxide layer thickness measurement... | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
804066 | Live Tapings of Material Formation: Unravelling formation mechanisms in materials chemistry through Multimodal X-ray total scattering studies | With this proposal, I want to develop a new, multimodal approach to in situ X-ray scattering studies to unravel formation mechanisms of the solid state. The aim of the project is to develop a unified view of metal oxide nucleation processes on the atomic scale: From precursor complexes over pre-nucelation clusters to the final crystalline particle.
The development of new materials relies on our understanding of the relation between material structure, properties and synthesis. While the intense focus on ‘materials by design’ have made it possible to predict the properties of many materials given an atomic arrangement, actually knowing how to synthesize it is a completely different story. Material synthesis methods are to a large degree developed by extensive parameter studies based on trial-and-error experiments. Specifically, our knowledge of particle nucleation is lacking, as even non-classical views on nucleation such as the concept of pre-nucleation clusters do not apply an atomistic view of the formation process. Here, I want to use new methods in X-ray total scattering and Pair Distribution Function analysis to follow nucleation processes to establish the framework needed for predictive material synthesis. One of the large challenges in studying nucleation is the lack of a characterization method that can give structural information on materials without long-range order. I have demonstrated that time-resolved X-ray total scattering gives new possibilities for following structural changes in a synthesis, and the use of total scattering has opened for a new view on material formation. However, the complexity of the structures involved in nucleation processes is too large to obtain sufficient information from X-ray total scattering alone. Here, I will combine X-ray total scattering data with complementary techniques using a new multimodal approach for complex modelling analysis, providing a unifying view on material nucleation. | [
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
10.1080/10586458.2016.1183154 | Spectral Minimal Partitions For A Family Of Tori | We study partitions of the two-dimensional at torus ( R=Z) (R=bZ) into k domains, with b a real parameter in (0; 1] and k an integer. We look for partitions which minimize the energy, dened as the largest rst eigenvalue of the Dirichlet Laplacian on the domains of the partition. We are in particular interested in the way these minimal partitions change when b is varied. We present here an improvement, when k is odd, of the results on transition values of b established by B. Heler and T. Homann-Ostenhof (2014) in [14] and state a conjecture on those transition values. We establish an improved upper bound of the minimal energy by explicitly constructing hexagonal tilings of the torus. These tilings are close to the partitions obtained from a systematic numerical study based on an optimization algorithm adapted from B. Bourdin, D. Bucur, and E. Oudet (2009) in [4]. These numerical results also support our conjecture concerning the transition values and give better estimates near those transition values. | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1021/jp302300q | Photostereochemistry and photoaquation reactions of [Cr(tn) <inf>3</inf>] <sup>3+</sup>: Theoretical studies show the importance of reduced coordination conical intersection geometries | We have performed TD-DFT and CASSCF calculations to understand the spectroscopy and reactive photochemistry of the [Cr(tn) 3] 3+ complex. Our results show that, after population of a quartet ligand field excited state, the system relaxes by dissociation of a Cr-N bond to reach a quasi-trigonal bipyramid five-coordinate species that is a conical intersection connecting the excited and ground quartet manifolds. Nonadiabatic relaxation through these leads to square pyramidal structures that can coordinate water and account for the observed monoaquated photoproducts. Such features are also present on the potential energy surfaces of these photoproducts and account for the range of experimentally observed photostereoisomers of the photoaquation reactions. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1038/nsmb.3395 | DNA-RNA hybrids: The risks of DNA breakage during transcription | Although R loops can occur at different genomic locations, the factors that determine their formation and frequency remain unclear. Emerging evidence indicates that DNA breaks stimulate DNA-RNA hybrid formation. Here, we discuss the possibility that formation of hybrids may be an inevitable risk of DNA breaks that occur within actively transcribed regions. While such hybrids must be removed to permit repair, their potential role as repair intermediates remains to be established. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
833106 | Silk-based ocular implants: treating eye conditions at the interface of photonics and biology | Prevalent eye diseases, such as myopia, presbyopia, and corneal disease affect millions worldwide, but for now cannot be prevented. Surgical interventions of these conditions are turning to additive surgery, exemplified by corneal implants or the replacement of the natural crystalline lens by (or addition of) an intraocular lens, as it reduces complications of tissue removal surgeries.
Current eye treatments involving adding tissue or lenses exist in the form of amnion bandages, corneal inlays, and intraocular lenses. However, those approaches suffer from a number of shortcomings: corneal haze or rejection; risk of disease transmission, short lifespan, need of cryopreservation and donor tissue; lack of compliance of lens designs and biomaterials. In particular, no material has been found that fully meets the requirements for mechanical properties, transparency, biocompatibility and versatility for applications in the cornea and in accommodating intraocular lenses.
In recent years, silk fibroin derived from silkworm cocoons has emerged as a protein polymer for biomaterial applications. SILK-EYE will develop a new generation of corneal and intraocular implants, using silk-based materials tuned to each specific application and light enabling procedure. The silk-based implants will feature both the accessibility advantages of synthetic materials and the structural and biocompatibility properties of allografts, capitalizing on silk’s unique potential for transparency, controllable stiffness and degradability, refractive index and permeability, and their potential for light-induced cross-linking and bonding in the eye. SILK-EYE will design radically novel corneal dressings and implants, and accommodating intraocular lenses that are more biocompatible and functional than current synthetic implants, and are safer, more tunable, accessible and affordable than donor allografts, potentially revolutionizing how the major corrective procedures in ophthalmology are performed. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
217722 | Development of an energy efficient pet recycling process based on microwave heating | Plastic bottles are one of the most used and preferred packaging container worldwide. Current levels of usage and disposal generate several environmental problems with 74% of post-consumer plastic waste in Europe either incinerated or landfilled. Recent packaging directives from the EC have led to the imposition of challenging targets for recycling, and national governments are also examining new ways to discourage packaging waste. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is very recyclable and offers an opportunity to effectively and efficiently recapture and reuse the energy and resources of its raw materials. However, the high energy demand of current recycling processes renders it expensive and non-viable, making recycled PET (rPET) more expensive than virgin PET, resulting in low uptake in the lucrative food and beverages packaging industry. The main technical problem with current recycling is the high amount of energy consumed in the processes which limits the industrial profitability. Furthermore, existing technologies require additional purification systems to eliminate contaminates, further increasing cost and limiting supply.
Gamma Meccanica is developing an alternative recycling process, using microwaves, to solve the current viability problems. Our technology will be the first in the world to address the profitability of the microwave technology in PET recycling by: Reducing the energy consumption of the process by up to 50%; Decontaminating the pellets in a single step process, providing a cleaning efficiency of >97% to attain pellet purity levels required by the FDA and EFSA; Reduced GHG emissions – saving about 2 tonnes of GHG for each tonne of rPET; Enabling rPET to be sold at a 15% cheaper price than virgin PET.
We are now at an advanced stage of development and will produce the final design of the industrial reactor in Phase 2 of this project. During this Phase 1, we will conduct a market study to identify key customers and refine our strategy. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1073/pnas.1323632111 | Importance of positioning for microbial evolution | Microbes commonly live in dense surface-attached communities where cells layer on top of one another such that only those at the edges have unimpeded access to limiting nutrients and space. Theory predicts that this simple spatial effect, akin to plants competing for light in a forest, generates strong natural selection on microbial phenotypes. However, we require direct empirical tests of the importance of this spatial structuring. Here we show that spontaneous mutants repeatedly arise, push their way to the surface, and dominate colonies of the bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf0-1. Microscopy and modeling suggests that these mutants use secretions to expand and push themselves up to the growth surface to gain the best access to oxygen. Physically mixing the cells in the colony, or introducing space limitations, largely removes the mutant's advantage, showing a key link between fitness and the ability of the cells to position themselves in the colony. We next follow over 500 independent adaptation events and show that all occur through mutation of a single repressor of secretions, RsmE, but that the mutants differ in competitiveness. This process allows us to map the genetic basis of their adaptation at high molecular resolution and we show how evolutionary competitiveness is explained by the specific effects of each mutation. By combining population level and molecular analyses, we demonstrate how living in dense microbial communities can generate strong natural selection to reach the growing edge. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
240497 | Nano-engineered high performance Thermoelectric Energy Conversion devices | Providing a sustainable supply of energy to the world s population will become a major societal problem for the 21st century. Thermoelectric materials, whose combination of thermal, electrical, and semiconducting properties, allows them to convert waste heat into electricity, are expected to play an increasingly important role in meeting the energy challenge of the future. Recent work on the theory of thermoelectric devices has led to the expectation that their performance could be enhanced if the diameter of the wires could be reduced to a point where quantum confinement effects increase charge-carrier mobility (thereby increasing the Seebeck coefficient) and reduce thermal conductivity. The predicted net effect of reducing diameters to the order of tens of nanometres would be to increase its efficiency or ZT index by a factor of 3. The objective of this five year proposal is to investigate and optimise the fabrication parameters influencing ZT in order to achieve a power conversion efficiency of >20%. For that, low dimensional nanowires arrays of state of art n and p-type materials will be prepared by cost-effective mass-production electrochemical methods. In order to obtained devices with a ZT >2 for application in energy scavenging and as cooler/heating devices, three approaches will be followed: a) determination of the best materials for each temperature range (n and p type) optimizing composition, microstructure, shapes (core/shell, nanowire surface texture, heterostructures), interfaces and orientations, b) advanced characterization, device development and modeling will be used iteratively during nanostructures and materials optimization, and c) nano-engineering less conventional thermoelectric like cage compounds by electrodeposition methods. This proposal aims to generate a cutting edge project in the thermoelectric field and, if successful, a more efficient way to harness precious, but nowadays wasted energy. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
W2294745660 | Vectorized UDFs in Column-Stores | Data Scientists rely on vector-based scripting languages such as R, Python and MATLAB to perform ad-hoc data analysis on potentially large data sets. When facing large data sets, they are only efficient when data is processed using vectorized or bulk operations. At the same time, overwhelming volume and variety of data as well as parsing overhead suggests that the use of specialized analytical data management systems would be beneficial. Data might also already be stored in a database. Efficient execution of data analysis programs such as data mining directly inside a database greatly improves analysis efficiency.We investigate how these vector-based languages can be efficiently integrated in the processing model of operator--at--a--time databases. We present MonetDB/Python, a new system that combines the open-source database MonetDB with the vector-based language Python. In our evaluation, we demonstrate efficiency gains of orders of magnitude. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
2728130 | Enhanced mould for thermoplastic fuselage in and out of autoclave consolidation | This project aims to develop our innovative mould for efficient high-volume production of thermoplastic fuselage skin. Within the work of this project, first a process and mould will be developed for in autoclave consolidation, including automated layup, assembly, and transport. Second a mould usable for out of autoclave consolidation e.g. in situ consolidation with enhanced functionality for heating and cooling will be developed. Consolidation of thermoplastics at process temperatures of 400°C new challenges, such as large thermal expansion, temperature stability of sealings and cables. However, it offers opportunities to reduce significantly the cycle time and energy consumption, thereby improving the competitiveness.
To overcome these challenges the consortium proposes to manufacture two moulds, one for in autoclave consolidation with limited functionality due to the high environment temperature and an enhanced mould for out of autoclave consolidation. A new temperature profile for the consolidation process is also proposed to be developed. For out of autoclave consolidation adequate surface structures will be investigated. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1007/JHEP08(2016)117 | The Character Of The Supersymmetric Casimir Energy | We study the supersymmetric Casimir energy $E_\mathrm{susy}$ of $\mathcal{N}=1$ field theories with an R-symmetry, defined on rigid supersymmetric backgrounds $S^1\times M_3$, using a Hamiltonian formalism. These backgrounds admit an ambi-Hermitian geometry, and we show that the net contributions to $E_\mathrm{susy}$ arise from certain twisted holomorphic modes on $\mathbb{R}\times M_3$, with respect to both complex structures. The supersymmetric Casimir energy may then be identified as a limit of an index-character that counts these modes. In particular this explains a recent observation relating $E_\mathrm{susy}$ on $S^1\times S^3$ to the anomaly polynomial. As further applications we compute $E_\mathrm{susy}$ for certain secondary Hopf surfaces, and discuss how the index-character may also be used to compute generalized supersymmetric indices. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1017/S0022377819000485 | Proton Acceleration In A Laser Induced Relativistic Electron Vortex | We show that when a solid plasma foil with a density gradient on the front surface is irradiated by an intense laser pulse at a grazing angle, similar to 80 degrees, a relativistic electron vortex is excited in the near-critical-density layer after the laser pulse depletion. The vortex structure and dynamics are studied using particle-in-cell simulations. Due to the asymmetry introduced by non-uniform background density, the vortex drifts at a constant velocity, typically 0. 2-0. 3 times the speed of light. The strong magnetic field inside the vortex leads to significant charge separation; in the corresponding electric field initially stationary protons can be captured and accelerated to twice the velocity of the vortex (100-200 MeV). A representative scenario - with laser intensity of 10(21) W cm(-2) - is discussed: two-dimensional simulations suggest that a quasi-monoenergetic proton beam can be obtained with a mean energy 140 MeV and an energy spread of similar to 10% We derive an analytical estimate for the vortex velocity in terms of laser and plasma parameters, demonstrating that the maximum proton energy can be controlled by the incidence angle of the laser and the plasma density gradient. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1038/nature25784 | The SMAD2/3 interactome reveals that TGFβ controls m 6 A mRNA methylation in pluripotency | The TGFβ pathway has essential roles in embryonic development, organ homeostasis, tissue repair and disease. These diverse effects are mediated through the intracellular effectors SMAD2 and SMAD3 (hereafter SMAD2/3), whose canonical function is to control the activity of target genes by interacting with transcriptional regulators. Therefore, a complete description of the factors that interact with SMAD2/3 in a given cell type would have broad implications for many areas of cell biology. Here we describe the interactome of SMAD2/3 in human pluripotent stem cells. This analysis reveals that SMAD2/3 is involved in multiple molecular processes in addition to its role in transcription. In particular, we identify a functional interaction with the METTL3-METTL14-WTAP complex, which mediates the conversion of adenosine to N 6 -methyladenosine (m 6 A) on RNA. We show that SMAD2/3 promotes binding of the m 6 A methyltransferase complex to a subset of transcripts involved in early cell fate decisions. This mechanism destabilizes specific SMAD2/3 transcriptional targets, including the pluripotency factor gene NANOG, priming them for rapid downregulation upon differentiation to enable timely exit from pluripotency. Collectively, these findings reveal the mechanism by which extracellular signalling can induce rapid cellular responses through regulation of the epitranscriptome. These aspects of TGFβ signalling could have far-reaching implications in many other cell types and in diseases such as cancer. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1007/s00205-014-0741-1 | Hydrodynamic Limit for a Hamiltonian System with Boundary Conditions and Conservative Noise | We study the hyperbolic scaling limit for a chain of N coupled anharmonic oscillators. The chain is attached to a point on the left and there is a force (tension) τ acting on the right. In order to provide good ergodic properties to the system, we perturb the Hamiltonian dynamics with random local exchanges of velocities between the particles, so that momentum and energy are locally conserved. We prove that in the macroscopic limit the distributions of the elongation, momentum and energy converge to the solution of the Euler system of equations in the smooth regime. | [
"Mathematics",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
FR 0202645 W | INSULATING MATERIAL BASED ON MINERAL WOOL, INSULATION SYSTEM, INSULATION METHOD | The invention concerns an insulating material comprising at least two insulating layers based on mineral wool, one so-called lower layer designed to be in contact with a support surface, in particular a cover or steel wall or roof section, and a so-called upper layer further away from the support surface, wherein the lower layer consists essentially of glass wool with a density, mv1, ranging between 50 and 120 kg/m<3> and thickness, e1, ranging between 50 and 200 mm, wherein the upper layer consists essentially of mineral wool, in particular glass wool and/or rock wool, with a density, mv2, ranging between 100 and 250 kg/m<3> and thickness, e2, ranging between 10 and 50 mm, and wherein the mass density ratio of the upper and lower layers verifies the relationship: mv2/mv1 >/= 2.5. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
US 0301031 W | LINE STRIPER SENSOR AND DISPLAY SYSTEM | Sensors (18, 20 and 22) and an interactive display (12) are added to an airless gas powered line striping machine (10) to provide the operator with a variety of information about the operating parameters. In addition to the pressure sensor/transducer (14) required to control the pressure through a clutch, the system includes a sensor (reed switch in the preferred embodiment) (18) to count pump strokes or drive revolutions, a sensor (22) to monitor when the gun trigger is activated and a sensor (26) to monitor wheel rotation (hall effect sensor detecting pulses from gear mounted on wheel in the preferred embodiment). A digital display (12) is included to read out measured and calculated values. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1016/j.cmet.2019.04.010 | TOR Signaling Is Going through a Phase | Recently in Cell, Kato et al. (2019) and Yang et al. (2019) report that reversible oxidation of multiple methionines in a region of Pbp1, the yeast paralog of ataxin-2 protein, couples metabolic redox status to phase separation of Pbp1 into liquid-like condensates. In turn, Pbp1 condensates inhibit target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1) signaling and thereby induce autophagy and restore metabolic homeostasis. Recently in Cell, Kato et al. (2019) and Yang et al. (2019) report that reversible oxidation of multiple methionines in a region of Pbp1, the yeast paralog of ataxin-2 protein, couples metabolic redox status to phase separation of Pbp1 into liquid-like condensates. In turn, Pbp1 condensates inhibit target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1) signaling and thereby induce autophagy and restore metabolic homeostasis. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1080/09596410.2019.1643098 | Creating A Diasporic Public Sphere In Britain Twelver Shia Networks In London | Since the 1980s, the Borough of Brent, in north-west London, has been a major global hub of transnational Twelver Shiism. With the influx of Iraqi refugees, many clerical leaders of Twelver Shia Is. . . | [
"Studies of Cultures and Arts",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b07283 | Angle-Independent Polariton Emission Lifetime Shown by Perylene Hybridized to the Vacuum Field Inside a Fabry-Pérot Cavity | The formation of hybrid light-matter states in optical structures, manifested as a Rabi splitting of the eigenenergies of a coupled system, is one of the key effects in quantum optics. The hybrid states (exciton polaritons) have unique chemical and physical properties and can be viewed as a linear combination of light and matter. The optical properties of the exciton polaritons are dispersive by nature, a property inherited from the photonic contribution to the polariton. On the other hand, the polariton lifetime in organic molecular systems has recently been highly debated. The photonic contribution to the polariton would suggest a lifetime on the femtosecond time scale, much shorter than experimentally observed. Here, we increase the insights of light-mater states by showing that the polariton emission lifetime is nondispersive. A perylene derivative was strongly coupled to the vacuum field by incorporating the molecule into a Fabry-Pérot cavity. The polariton emission from the cavity was shown to be dispersive, but the emission lifetime was nondispersive and on the time scale of the bare exciton. The results were rationalized by the exciton reservoir model, giving experimental evidence to currently used theories, thus improving our understanding of strong coupling phenomena in molecules. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
W2016717314 | Study on stand-alone power supply options for an isolated community | Abstract There are three inhabited islands in Hong Kong beyond the reach of the utility grid. Currently they are powered by diesel generators with fuel supplied by barge. To reduce dependence on diesel and improve power supply quality, the government is planning to explore locally available renewable energy for power generation on the islands. In this study, several power supply options such as renewable energy and diesel power generation were considered for one remotely located community. A techno-economic analysis and a detailed hourly simulation were performed to find an optimal autonomous system configuration. The results were evaluated in terms of power supply quality, life cycle cost, payback time, and greenhouse gas emission. The effects of load variation on system configuration and cost were also examined. The feasibility study demonstrates that the hybrid solar–wind–diesel–battery system could provide the optimal techno-economic performance, and this scenario was discussed with elaborate analysis. The study also shows that the energy dispatch strategy is very important for a system consisting of two dispatchable sources. Compared to a fully renewable energy system, the introduction of a back-up diesel generator in the hybrid energy system can be a more viable option, even though high diesel fuel cost is needed. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1007/s00382-019-04991-y | How accurately can the climate sensitivity to $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$ be estimated from historical climate change? | The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS, in K) to $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$CO2 doubling is a large source of uncertainty in projections of future anthropogenic climate change. Estimates of ECS made from non-equilibrium states or in response to radiative forcings other than $$\hbox {2}\times \hbox {CO}_{2}$$2×CO2 are called “effective climate sensitivity” (EffCS, in K). Taking a “perfect-model” approach, using coupled atmosphere–ocean general circulation model (AOGCM) experiments, we evaluate the accuracy with which $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$CO2 EffCS can be estimated from climate change in the “historical” period (since about 1860). We find that (1) for statistical reasons, unforced variability makes the estimate of historical EffCS both uncertain and biased; it is overestimated by about 10% if the energy balance is applied to the entire historical period, 20% for 30-year periods, and larger factors for interannual variability, (2) systematic uncertainty in historical radiative forcing translates into an uncertainty of $${\pm }\,30\, {\rm to} \,45\%$$±30to45% (standard deviation) in historical EffCS, (3) the response to the changing relative importance of the forcing agents, principally $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$CO2 and volcanic aerosol, causes historical EffCS to vary over multidecadal timescales by a factor of two. In recent decades it reached its maximum in the AOGCM historical experiment (similar to the multimodel-mean $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$CO2 EffCS of 3. 6 K from idealised experiments), but its minimum in the real world (1. 6 K for an observational estimate for 1985–2011, similar to the multimodel-mean value for volcanic forcing). The real-world variations mean that historical EffCS underestimates $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$CO2 EffCS by 30% when considering the entire historical period. The difference for recent decades implies that either unforced variability or the response to volcanic forcing causes a much stronger regional pattern of sea surface temperature change in the real world than in AOGCMs. We speculate that this could be explained by a deficiency in simulated coupled atmosphere–ocean feedbacks which reinforce the pattern (resembling the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation in some respects) that causes the low EffCS. We conclude that energy-balance estimates of $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$CO2 EffCS are most accurate from periods unaffected by volcanic forcing. Atmosphere GCMs provided with observed sea surface temperature for the 1920s to the 1950s, which was such a period, give a range of about 2. 0–4. 5 K, agreeing with idealised $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$CO2 AOGCM experiments; the consistency is a reason for confidence in this range as an estimate of $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$CO2 EffCS. Unless another explosive volcanic eruption occurs, the first 30 years of the present century may give a more accurate energy-balance historical estimate of this quantity. | [
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1088/1742-6596/1668/1/012001 | 80Se N Cross Section Measurement At Cern N Tof | Radiative neutron capture cross section measurements are of fundamental importance for the study of the slow neutron capture (s-) process of nucleosynthesis. This mechanism is responsible for the formation of most elements heavier than iron in the Universe. Particularly relevant are branching nuclei along the s-process path, which are sensitive to the physical conditions of the stellar environment. One such example is the branching at $^{79}$Se (3. 27 × 10$^{5}$ y), which shows a thermally dependent β-decay rate. However, an astrophysically consistent interpretation requires also the knowledge of the closest neighbour isotopes involved. In particular, the $^{80}$Se(n,γ) cross section directly affects the stellar yield of the "cold" branch leading to the formation of the s-only $^{82}$Kr. Experimentally, there exists only one previous measurement on $^{80}$Se using the time of flight (TOF) technique. However, the latter suffers from some limitations that are described in this presentation. These drawbacks have been significantly improved in a recent measurement at CERN n TOF. This contribution presents a summary of the latter measurement and the status of the data analysis. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
10.1145/2024724.2024777 | Test Case Generation For Embedded Simulink Via Formal Concept Analysis | Mutation testing suffers from the high computational cost of automated test-vector generation, due to the large number of mutants that can be derived from programs and the cost of generating test-cases in a white-box manner. We propose a novel algorithm for mutation-based test-case generation for Simulink models that combines white-box testing with formal concept analysis. By exploiting similarity measures on mutants, we are able to effectively generate small sets of short test-cases that achieve high coverage on a collection of Simulink models from the automotive domain. Experiments show that our algorithm performs significantly better than random testing or simpler mutation-testing approaches. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1145/3173574.3173607 | Multi Touch Skin A Thin And Flexible Multi Touch Sensor For On Skin Input | Skin-based touch input opens up new opportunities for direct, subtle, and expressive interaction. However, existing skin-worn sensors are restricted to single-touch input and limited by a low resolution. We present the first skin overlay that can capture high-resolution multi-touch input. Our main contributions are: 1) Based on an exploration of functional materials, we present a fabrication approach for printing thin and flexible multi-touch sensors for on-skin interactions. 2) We present the first non-rectangular multi-touch sensor overlay for use on skin and introduce a design tool that generates such sensors in custom shapes and sizes. 3) To validate the feasibility and versatility of our approach, we present four application examples and empirical results from two technical evaluations. They confirm that the sensor achieves a high signal-to-noise ratio on the body under various grounding conditions and has a high spatial accuracy even when subjected to strong deformations. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
W2022502432 | Wading through batchelor’s book | It is a real pleasure for me to review this immensely popular text on fluid dynamics. I will begin with a comment on the general character of the book, and on a few of the features that set it apart frommost other books on the subject. Subsequently, I attempt a detailed chapter-wise discussion of the book contents. An effort has been made in this latter part to highlight the significance of the topics covered, to discuss the intricacies of the physical arguments presented by the author (the very arguments that make the text a must-read for a proper understanding of the subject), and further, to point out connections withmore recent research when possible. It is hoped that the points brought out will guide a beginner in finding material in the book that wouldn’t have been apparent except from a detailed reading. As would be the case in any review, the material that follows is, on one hand, biased by my experiences in the field, and on the other hand, limited by my inadequate knowledge of the subject. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
10.3389/fnhum.2013.00158 | Overlapping multivoxel patterns for two levels of visual expectation | According to predictive accounts of perception, visual cortical regions encode sensory expectations about the external world, and the violation of those expectations by inputs (surprise). Here, using multi-voxel pattern analysis (MVPA) of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data, we asked whether expectations and surprise activate the same pattern of voxels, in face-sensitive regions of the extra-striate visual cortex (the fusiform face area or FFA). Participants viewed pairs of repeating or alternating faces, with high or low probability of repetitions. As in previous studies, we found that repetition suppression (the attenuated BOLD response to repeated stimuli) in the FFA was more pronounced for probable repetitions, consistent with it reflecting reduced surprise to anticipated inputs. Secondly, we observed that repetition suppression and repetition enhancement responses were both consistent across scanner runs, suggesting that both have functional significance, with repetition enhancement possibly indicating the build up of sensory expectation. Critically, we also report that multi-voxels patterns associated with probability and repetition effects were significantly correlated within the left FFA. We argue that repetition enhancement responses and repetition probability effects can be seen as two types of expectation signals, occurring simultaneously, although at different processing levels (lower vs. higher), and different time scales (immediate vs. long term). | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1051/m2an/2014038 | Parallelizing the Kolmogorov Fokker Planck equation | We design two parallel schemes, based on Schwarz Waveform Relaxation (SWR) procedures, for the numerical solution of the Kolmogorov equation. The latter is a simplified version of the Fokker-Planck equation describing the time evolution of the probability density of the velocity of a particle. SWR procedures decompose the spatio-temporal computational domain into subdomains and solve (in parallel) subproblems, that are coupled through suitable conditions at the interfaces to recover the solution of the global problem. We consider coupling conditions of both Dirichlet (Classical SWR) and Robin (Optimized SWR) types. We prove well-posedeness of the schemes subproblems and convergence for the proposed algorithms. We corroborate our findings with some numerical tests. | [
"Mathematics",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1002/ceat.201100723 | Multiscale Aspects of Modeling Gas-Phase Nanoparticle Synthesis | Aerosol reactors are utilized to manufacture nanoparticles in industrially relevant quantities. The development, understanding, and scale-up of aerosol reactors can be facilitated with models and computer simulations. An overview of recent developments of models and simulations is presented and their interconnection in a multiscale approach is discussed. A short introduction of the various aerosol reactor types and gas-phase particle dynamics is provided as a background for the later discussion of the models and simulations. Models are presented with decreasing time and length scales in sections on continuum, mesoscale, molecular dynamics, and quantum mechanics models. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
US 2021/0030234 W | SMART BOX | A smart box cooler includes a cooler body and a delivery lid coupled to the liner or the cooler body. The delivery lid is adapted to close an opening that extends through the cooler body and the liner into at least one cavity of the cooler body. The smart box cooler can maintain a food safe temperature in the cavity. The cooler body or the delivery lid includes a delivery assembly with a lock mechanism, an electrically operated actuator adapted to prevent the lock mechanism from being unlocked, and a computing device. The computing device can initiate access to the cavity of the cooler body. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1039/C6CC10287E | Efficient Sirna Peptide Conjugation For Specific Targeted Delivery Into Tumor Cells | Despite the broad applicability of the Huisgen cycloaddition reaction, the click functionalization of RNAs with peptides still remains a challenge. Here we describe a straightforward method for the click functionalization of siRNAs with peptides of different sizes and complexities. Among them, a promising peptide carrier for the selective siRNA delivery into HER2+ breast cancer cell lines has been reported. | [
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
2714609 | Self-Test2, wine analysis kit for brettanomyces yeast identification | The Italian wine market is a cornerstone of the national agri-food sector and is characterized by increasing high-quality wine demand from consumers. Therefore, issues hindering the achievement of wines able to satisfy all market requirements still occur. Brettanomyces spoilage is one of these and it leads to off-flavours and odor formation that highly affect wine quality, causing serious economic losses. The present innovation concerns the setup of a revolutionary device for Brettanomyces self-detection, hereafter referred to as Self-brett®: an easy to use, quick, reliable and cheap new product. Self-brett® enables anyone to carry out self-analysis on Brettanomyces spoilage at any moment of the wine making process, without requiring the involvement of specialized staff, equipments or LAB facilities. Wine-makers, oenologists, oenological product retailers and producers as well as analytical laboratories will embrace Self-brett® because it represents exactly what the wine market is missing now. GRAPE mission is addressed to translate in market services the technical-scientific knowledge acquired by the founders during their academic carriers. Through the development of Self-brett®, already patented, once again GRAPE shows to be innovative and prompt to fulfill customers’ needs, thus offering the first device for wine self-analysis, available at low price, with the potential to reach the entire wine market. Based on an initial investment of 783.180€ (1st and 2nd yr), GRAPE estimates to sell 420K devices by the end of the second year of commercialization (4th yr) and to reach € 4.235.000 of revenues, corresponding at € 1.130.000 net profits and 29,1% ROI, together with a job growth higher than 180%. GRAPE needs to enter the SME Instrument phase 1 to finalize the Self-brett® development and prepare it for the undoubtedly successful launch on the market: Self-brett® is what all wineries need. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
W1996016354 | Impact of ac/dc spark anodizing on the corrosion resistance of Al–Cu alloys | An ac/dc spark anodization method was used to deposit an oxide film (6 ± 3 μm in thickness) on the Al–Cu alloy AA2219. The oxide films were formed at 10 mA/cm 2 for 30 min in an alkaline silicate solution, showing three main stages of growth. Scanning electron microscopy and electron microprobe analysis revealed that the oxide films are not uniform and consist of three main layers, an inner Al-rich barrier layer (∼1 μm), an intermediate Al–Si mixed oxide layer (∼2 ± 1 μm), and an outer porous Si-rich layer (∼3 ± 3 μm). In addition, microscopic analysis showed that the Al 2 Cu intermetallics present in the alloy have not been excessively oxidized during the anodization process and thus are retained beneath the oxide film, as desired. The coating passivity and corrosion resistance, evaluated using linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) in pH 7 borate buffer solution and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in 0.86 M NaCl solution, respectively, were both significantly improved after spark-anodization. | [
"Materials Engineering",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1057/grir.2015.5 | The dynamics of insurance prices | We develop a continuous-time general-equilibrium model to rationalise the dynamics of insurance prices in a competitive insurance market with financial frictions. Insurance companies choose underwriting and financing policies to maximise shareholder value. The equilibrium price dynamics are explicit, which allows simple numerical simulations and generates testable implications. In particular, we find that the equilibrium price of insurance is (weakly) predictable and the insurance sector always realises positive expected profits. Moreover, rather than true cycles, insurance prices exhibit asymmetric reversals caused by the reflection of the aggregate capacity process at the dividend and recapitalisation boundaries. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1039/C4FD00026A | Femtosecond X Ray Diffraction Maps Field Driven Charge Dynamics In Ionic Crystals | X-Ray diffraction provides insight into the distribution of electronic charge in crystals. Equilibrium electron distributions have been determined with high spatial resolution by recording and analysing a large number of diffraction peaks under stationary conditions. In contrast, transient electron densities during and after structure-changing processes are mainly unknown. Recently, we have introduced femtosecond X-ray powder diffraction from polycrystalline samples to determine transient electron density maps with a spatial resolution of 0. 03 nm and a temporal resolution of 100 fs. In a pump–probe approach with a laser-driven tabletop hard X-ray source, optically induced structure changes are resolved in time by diffracting the hard X-ray probe pulses at different time delays from the excited powder sample and recording up to several tens of reflections simultaneously. Time-dependent changes of the atomic arrangement in the crystal lattice as well as modified electron densities are derived from the diffraction data. As a prototypical field-driven process, we address here quasi-instantaneous changes of electron density in LiBH4, LiH and NaBH4 in response to a non-resonant strong optical field. The light-induced charge relocation in LiBH4 and NaBH4 exhibits an electron transfer from the anion (BH−4) to the respective cation. The distorted geometry of the BH4 tetrahedron in LiBH4 leads to different contributions of the H atoms to electron transfer. LiH displays a charge transfer from Li to H, i. e. , an increase of the ionicity of LiH in the presence of the strong electric field. This unexpected behavior originates from strong electron correlations in LiH as is evident from a comparison with quasi-particle bandstructures calculated within the Coulomb-hole-plus-screened-exchange (COHSEX) formalism. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
10.1002/zamm.201700368 | A model for cellular mechanotransduction and contractility at finite strain | In this work we introduce a theoretical and computational modeling framework for the contractile response of single cells triggered by external mechanical stimuli. The structural response due to the formation and dissociation of stress fibers is modeled following isotropic anisotropic contractile phases with an orientation that evolves with time and strain. The passive and active structural components are postulated to act in parallel, and the re-orientation process drives the anisotropic phase of stress fiber orientation to align with the direction of the maximum principal stretch. A reduced form of the Hai-Murphy model is used to follow kinetics of myosin states considering the combined effect of “latch”- and “cross”-bridge states. The introduction of distinct isotropic and anisotropic activation allows modeling of the contractile intensity of each phase. Tractions on the cell surface initiate bio-chemical signaling through the RhoA pathway, which in turn controls both myosin contraction and F-actin polymerization. A signaling model is introduced to effectively connect intracellular events with the tractions on the cell surface. The overall model is defined by a free energy density function that couples the deformation and the activation, and associated equilibrium and kinetic models for evolution. Features of the model are highlighted via implementation in a finite element model and application to benchmark problems. The model captures the dynamic contractile responses of cells and stress fiber re-alignment under complex load histories. For example, physiologically relevant scenario such as relaxation of cells to their initial state upon removal of applied loads can be simulated. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
322989 | Individual stochasticity and population heterogeneity in plant and animal demography | Variation among individuals in reproduction, survival, and other demographic traits, is universal. It has two potential sources: heterogeneity (differences among individuals in their vital rates) and individual stochasticity (random differences resulting from the application of the same vital rates to identical individuals). The goal of the proposed research is to incorporate individual stochasticity and heterogeneity into demographic models for plants, animals, and humans. The project has three components: (1) a study of variation in longevity, focusing on perturbation analysis of Markov chain models for mortality, (2) an analysis of the reward structure of populations, to quantify individual stochasticity in reproduction and other properties, and (3) the development of models to incorporate heterogeneity and stochasticity into branching process models and diffusion models. These three topics will be integrated using matrix population models, integrodifference equation models, and Markov chain models for the life cycle. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.02.001 | Biofunctionalized aligned microgels provide 3D cell guidance to mimic complex tissue matrices | Natural healing is based on highly orchestrated processes, in which the extracellular matrix plays a key role. To resemble the native cell environment, we introduce an artificial extracellular matrix (aECM) with the capability to template hierarchical and anisotropic structures in situ, allowing a minimally-invasive application via injection. Synthetic, magnetically responsive, rod-shaped microgels are locally aligned and fixed by a biocompatible surrounding hydrogel, creating a hybrid anisotropic hydrogel (Anisogel), of which the physical, mechanical, and chemical properties can be tailored. The microgels are rendered cell-adhesive with GRGDS and incorporated either inside a cell-adhesive fibrin or bioinert poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel to strongly interact with fibroblasts. GRGDS-modified microgels inside a fibrin-based Anisogel enhance fibroblast alignment and lead to a reduction in fibronectin production, indicating successful replacement of structural proteins. In addition, YAP-translocation to the nucleus increases with the concentration of microgels, indicating cellular sensing of the overall anisotropic mechanical properties of the Anisogel. For bioinert surrounding PEG hydrogels, GRGDS-microgels are required to support cell proliferation and fibronectin production. In contrast to fibroblasts, primary nerve growth is not significantly affected by the biomodification of the microgels. In conclusion, this approach opens new opportunities towards advanced and complex aECMs for tissue regeneration. | [
"Materials Engineering",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1038/s41386-019-0383-y | White matter microstructure is associated with hyperactive/inattentive symptomatology and polygenic risk for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in a population-based sample of adolescents | Few studies have investigated the link between putative biomarkers of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptomatology and genetic risk for ADHD. To address this, we investigate the degree to which ADHD symptomatology is associated with white matter microstructure and cerebral cortical thickness in a large population-based sample of adolescents. Critically, we then test the extent to which multimodal correlates of ADHD symptomatology are related to ADHD polygenic risk score (PRS). Neuroimaging, genetic, and behavioral data were obtained from the IMAGEN study. A dimensional ADHD composite score was derived from multi-informant ratings of ADHD symptomatology. Using tract-based spatial statistics, whole brain voxel-wise regressions between fractional anisotropy (FA) and ADHD composite score were calculated. Local cortical thickness was regressed on ADHD composite score. ADHD PRS was based on a very recent genome-wide association study, and calculated using PRSice. ADHD composite score was negatively associated with FA in several white matter pathways, including bilateral superior and inferior longitudinal fasciculi (p < 0. 05, corrected). ADHD composite score was negatively associated with orbitofrontal cortical thickness (p < 0. 05, corrected). The ADHD composite score was correlated with ADHD PRS (p < 0. 001). FA correlates of ADHD symptomatology were significantly associated with ADHD PRS, whereas cortical thickness correlates of ADHD symptomatology were unrelated to ADHD PRS. Variation in hyperactive/inattentive symptomatology was associated with white matter microstructure, which, in turn, was related to ADHD PRS. Results suggest that genetic risk for ADHD symptomatology may be tied to biological processes affecting white matter microstructure. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1039/C4DT02733G | Binding Of Copper Ii Polypyridyl Complexes To Dna And Consequences For Dna Based Asymmetric Catalysis | The interaction between salmon testes DNA (st-DNA) and a series of CuII polypyridyl complexes, i. e. [Cu(dmbpy)(NO3)2] (1) (dmbpy = 4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine), [Cu(bpy)(NO3)2] (2) (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine), [Cu(phen)(NO3)2] (3) (phen = phenanthroline), [Cu(terpy)(NO3)2]·H2O (4) (terpy = 2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine), [Cu(dpq)(NO3)2] (5) (dpq = dipyrido-[3,2-d:2′,3′-f]-quinoxaline) and [Cu(dppz)(NO3)2] (6) (dppz = dipyrido[3,2-a:2′,3′-c]phenazine) was studied by UV/Vis absorption, Circular Dichroism, Linear Dichroism, EPR, Raman and (UV and vis) resonance Raman spectroscopies and viscometry. These complexes catalyse enantioselective C–C bond forming reactions in water with DNA as the source of chirality. Complex 1 crystallizes as an inorganic polymer with nitrate ligands bridging the copper ions, which adopt essentially a distorted square pyramidal structure with a fifth bridging nitrate ligand at the axial position. Raman spectroscopy indicates that in solution the nitrate ligands in 1, 2, 3 and 4 are displaced by solvent (H2O). For complex 1, multiple supramolecular species are observed in the presence of st-DNA in contrast to the other complexes, which appear to interact relatively uniformly as a single species predominantly, when st-DNA is present. Overall the data suggest that complexes 1 and 2 engage primarily through groove binding with st-DNA while 5 and 6 undergo intercalation. For complexes 3 and 4 the data indicates that both groove binding and intercalation takes place, albeit primarily intercalation. Although it is tempting to conclude that the groove binders give highest ee and rate acceleration, it is proposed that the flexibility and dynamics in binding of CuII complexes to DNA are key parameters that determine the outcome of the reaction. These findings provide insight into the complex supramolecular structure of these DNA-based catalysts. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1007/978-3-319-66706-5_14 | Quantitative Static Analysis Of Communication Protocols Using Abstract Markov Chains | In this paper we present a static analysis of communication protocols for inferring parametric bounds of performance metrics. Our analysis is formalized within the theory of abstract interpretation and soundly takes all possible executions into account. We model the concrete executions as Markov chains and we introduce a novel notion of Abstract Markov Chains that provides a finite and symbolic representation to over-approximate the (possibly unbounded) set of concrete behaviors. Our analysis operates in two steps. The first step is a classic abstract interpretation of the source code, using stock numerical abstract domains and a specific automata domain, in order to extract the abstract Markov chain of the program. The second step extracts from this chain particular invariants about the stationary distribution and computes its symbolic bounds using a parametric Fourier-Motzkin elimination algorithm. We present a prototype implementation of the analysis and we discuss some preliminary experiments on a number of communication protocols. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
W2246391972 | Numerical simulations of axisymmetric hydrodynamical Bondi–Hoyle accretion on to a compact object | Bondi-Hoyle accretion configurations occur as soon as a gravitating body is immersed in an ambient medium with a supersonic relative velocity. From wind-accreting X-ray binaries to runaway neutron stars, such a regime has been witnessed many times and is believed to account for shock formation, the properties of which can be only marginally derived analytically. In this paper, we present the first results of the numerical characterization of the stationary flow structure of Bondi-Hoyle accretion onto a compact object, from the large scale accretion radius down to the vicinity of the compact body. For different Mach numbers, we study the associated bow shock. It turns out that those simulations confirm the analytical prediction by Foglizzo & Ruffert (1996) concerning the topology of the inner sonic surface with an adiabatic index of 5/3. They also enable us to derive the related mass accretion rates, the position and the temperature of the bow shock, as function of the flow parameters, along with the transverse density and temperature profiles in the wake. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
10.12688/wellcomeopenres.14694.1 | RhierBAPs: An R implementation of the population clustering algorithm hierbaps [version 1; referees: 2 approved] | Identifying structure in collections of sequence data sets remains a common problem in genomics. hierBAPS, a popular algorithm for identifying population structure in haploid genomes, has previously only been available as a MATLAB binary. We provide an R implementation which is both easier to install and use, automating the entire pipeline. Additionally, we allow for the use of multiple processors, improve on the default settings of the algorithm, and provide an interface with the ggtree library to enable informative illustration of the clustering results. Our aim is that this package aids in the understanding and dissemination of the method, as well as enhancing the reproducibility of population structure analyses. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1515/johh-2016-0035 | Effect of river training on flood retention of the Bavarian Danube | Abstract
The Bavarian Danube River has experienced numerous large flood events in recent years which make flood management an urgent matter. The propagation of flood waves along the river is heavily influenced by controlled and natural flood retention. Over the past centuries, natural flood retention areas were lost due to river training, and the hydraulic characteristics of the channel-flood plain system were modified. The purpose of this paper is to understand the effect of river training on the flood retention characteristics along the Bavarian Danube. Systematic two-dimensional hydrodynamic modelling shows that extreme floods are attenuated more strongly in the present state of the channel-flood plain system than they were historically. This is because the retention areas are filled later during the event, so the attenuation effect is much larger for the same magnitude of the retention volume. Natural flood retention is therefore not an effective management option for reducing extreme floods on the Bavarian Danube. Controlled flood retention measures provide a higher efficiency regarding peak attenuation to retention volume ratio. On the other hand, the delay of flood peaks due to natural retention may be beneficial for the superposition of the flood waves with contributions from downstream tributaries. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1063/1.4998510 | Application Of The Mixed Time Averaging Semiclassical Initial Value Representation Method To Complex Molecular Spectra | The recently introduced mixed time-averaging semiclassical initial value representation of the molecular dynamics method for spectroscopic calculations [M. Buchholz, F. Grossmann, and M. Ceotto, J. Chem. Phys. 144, 094102 (2016)] is applied to systems with up to 61 dimensions, ruled by a condensed phase Caldeira-Leggett model potential. By calculating the ground state as well as the first few excited states of the system Morse oscillator, changes of both the harmonic frequency and the anharmonicity are determined. The method faithfully reproduces blueshift and redshift effects and the importance of the counter term, as previously suggested by other methods. Different from previous methods, the present semiclassical method does not take advantage of the specific form of the potential and it can represent a practical tool that opens the route to direct ab initio semiclassical simulation of condensed phase systems. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
10.1073/pnas.0900635106 | T-box 2, a mediator of Bmp-Smad signaling, induced hyaluronan synthase 2 and Tgfβ2 expression and endocardial cushion formation | During early heart development, Tbx2 gene expression is initiated in the cardiac crescent and then becomes restricted to the outflow tract and the atrioventricular region. We identified a Tbx2 regulatory region, enriched in multiple Smad sites, sufficient to reproduce Tbx2 expression patterns overlapping Bmp2 and Bmp4 gene activity in the heart. The role of Tbx2 in cardiogenesis was analyzed by using Cre-LoxP activated Tbx2 transgenic misexpression in chamber myocardium. Ventricular Tbx2 misexpression exhibited an abnormally narrow chamber lumen owing to the expansion of Hyaluronan synthase 2 expression in the ECM or cardiac jelly and the appearance of the endocardial cushions (ECs). Excessive Tbx2 also induced Tgfβ2, which coincided with the outgrowth epithelialmesenchymal transformed cells in ventricular and atrial tissues modifying cardiomyocyte identity from chamber type to nonchamber type. Tbx2, a central intermediary of Bmp-Smad signaling, has a central part in directing Has2 and Tgfβ2 expression, facilitating EC formation. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
interreg_2308 | Minorities and tourism - development of tourist attractions and joint promotion of the cross-border territory | “MIN-TOUR” stems from the shared need to enhance the tourist resources available to the Italian minority in Slovenia and the Slovenian minority in Italy. A detailed analysis of the needs of this territory and of its tourist development opportunities must aim at the enhancement, the consolidation and the improvement of tourist activities in the whole area, with a view to environmental sustainability, differentiation and innovation of tourist products, thus contributing to enhancing the natural, historical, and cultural heritage of the area where the Minorities reside. The aim is to create a tourist offer reconciling economic development and the protection of the environmental ecosystem, using and improving the existing infrastructures, promoting innovative tourist services and enhancing some interesting destinations which so far have been neglected. The offer is presented jointly, highlighting the peculiarity of the territory and its connection with the local population. Following the mapping of available naturalistic, historical cultural and artistic resources, through the active participating of the organisations representing the two Minorities, tourist packages will be created for a stay of one to six days. | [
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts"
]
|
10.1137/15M1038074 | Patch ordering as a regularization for inverse problems in image processing | Recent work in image processing suggests that operating on (overlapping) patches in an image may lead to state-of-the-art results. This has been demonstrated for a variety of problems including denoising, inpainting, deblurring, and super-resolution. The work reported in [I. Ram, I. Cohen, and M. Elad, IEEE Trans. Image Process. , 23 (2014), pp. 2779–2792] and [I. Ram, M. Elad, and I. Cohen, IEEE Trans. Image Process. , 22 (2013), pp. 2764–2774] takes an extra step forward by showing that ordering these patches to form an approximate shortest path can be leveraged for better processing. The core idea is to apply a simple filter on the resulting 1D smoothed signal obtained after the patch-permutation. This idea has been also explored in combination with a wavelet pyramid, leading eventually to a sophisticated and highly effective regularizer for inverse problems in imaging. In this work we further study the patch-permutation concept and harness it to propose a new simple yet effective regularization for image restoration problems. Our approach builds on the classic maximum a posteriori probability (MAP), with a penalty function consisting of a regular log-likelihood term and a novel permutation-based regularization term. Using a plain 1D Laplacian, the proposed regularization forces robust smoothness (L1) on the permuted pixels. Since the permutation originates from patch ordering, we propose to accumulate the smoothness terms over all of the patches’ pixels. Furthermore, we take into account the found distances between adjacent patches in the ordering by weighting the Laplacian outcome. We demonstrate the proposed scheme on the following diverse set of problems: (i) severe Poisson image denoising, (ii) Gaussian image denoising, (iii) image deblurring, and (iv) single image super-resolution. In all of these cases, we use recent methods that handle these problems as initialization to our scheme. This is followed by an L-BFGS optimization of the above-described penalty function, leading to state-of-the-art results, especially for highly ill-posed cases. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Mathematics"
]
|
2720800 | Awareness raising and capacity building increasing adoption of egnss in urban mobility applications and services | Urban mobility is becoming an issue of great importance in today’s society due to the increasing population movements towards big cities and the exponential growth of cities in developing countries. Today, urban mobility schemes are evolving faster than ever mainly due to social, economic and technological changes. The traditional choice between walking, taking public transport or else buying a car is being extended with a wide range of new flexible mobility services, such as vehicle sharing and ride-hailing. Those shared mobility services are blurring the lines between private and public transport, with the potential of displacing car ownership but also traditional transit systems. And the adoption of autonomous vehicles will only accelerate this trend. There's the need for Public Transport Authorities, operators and industrial providers to prepare for this change and adopt the necessary tools to manage the mobility services of the future in a more flexible and efficient way.
EGNSS has the potential to enhance the quality of public transportation, by reducing operational costs, reducing traffic and providing savings in time and fuel, while fostering the development a wide range of new shared mobility services. ARIADNA aims at supporting the adoption of EGNSS for Public Transport and urban mobility, by raising awareness on GALILEO and EGNOS benefits among the different stakeholders involved and supporting the introduction of new solutions provided by SMEs and start-ups. The project builds up on experience gained from previous R&D related projects and the extensive network of stakeholders that can be reached through UITP and EIT Urban Mobility networks. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
CA 2156648 A | COSMETIC DISPENSER WITH CAM LOCKING FEATURE | A cosmetic preparation dispenser is provided that has a helical cam track with a horizontal step at its lower end and a longitudinal innerbody track that terminates adjacent the horizontal step. A cam follower lug of an elevator cup will track into and be trapped by and between the horizontal step and the lower end of the longitudinal track. This locks the innerbody to the cam sleeve to prevent longitudinal sliding of the innerbody relative to the cam sleeve when, e.g., a lipstick cover is removed in an assembled cosmetic container, which cover removal might leave an undesirable gap between the decorative shells surrounding the innerbody and cam sleeve. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1186/ar4158 | Characterisation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes from a murine model of joint inflammation | Introduction: Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) play a central role in defining the stromal environment in inflammatory joint diseases. Despite a growing use of FLS isolated from murine inflammatory models, a detailed characterisation of these cells has not been performed. Methods: In this study, FLS were isolated from inflamed joints of mice expressing both the T cell receptor transgene KRN and the MHC class II molecule Ag7 (K/BxN mice) and their purity in culture determined by immunofluorescence and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR). Basal expression of proinflammatory genes was determined by real-time RT-PCR. Secreted interleukin 6 (IL-6) was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and its regulation by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α and corticosterone (the major glucocorticoid in rodents) measured relative to other mesenchymal cell populations. Results: Purity of FLS culture was identified by positive expression of fibronectin, prolyl 4-hydroxylase, cluster of differentiation 90. 2 (CD90. 2) and 248 (CD248) in greater than 98% of the population. Cultured FLS were able to migrate and invade through matrigel, a process enhanced in the presence of TNF-α. FLS isolated from K/BxN mice possessed significantly greater basal expression of the inflammatory markers IL-6, chemokine ligand 2 (CCL-2) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) when compared to FLS isolated from non-inflamed tissue (IL-6, 3. 6 fold; CCL-2, 11. 2 fold; VCAM-1, 9 fold; P < 0. 05). This elevated expression was abrogated in the presence of corticosterone at 100 nmol/l. TNF-α significantly increased expression of all inflammatory markers to a much greater degree in K/BxN FLS relative to other mesenchymal cell lines (K/BxN; IL-6, 40. 8 fold; CCL-2, 1343. 2 fold; VCAM-1, 17. 8 fold; ICAM-1, 13. 8 fold; P < 0. 05), with secreted IL-6 mirroring these results (K/BxN; con, 169 ± 29. 7 versus TNF-α, 923 ± 378. 8 pg/ml/1 × 105 cells; P < 0. 05). Dose response experiments confirmed effective concentrations between 10 and 100 nmol/l for corticosterone and 1 and 10 ng/ml for TNF-α, whilst inflammatory gene expression in FLS was shown to be stable between passages four and seven. Conclusions: This study has established a well characterised set of key inflammatory genes for in vitro FLS culture, isolated from K/BxN mice and non-inflamed wild-type controls. Their response to both pro- and anti-inflammatory signalling has been assessed and shown to strongly resemble that which is seen in human FLS culture. Additionally, this study provides guidelines for the effective characterisation, duration and treatment of murine FLS culture. ; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy"
]
|
10.1080/00268976.2013.856489 | Characterising A Configuration Interaction Excited State Using Natural Transition Geminals | We introduce natural transition geminals as a means to qualitatively understand a transition where double excitations are important. The first two A1 singlet states of the CH cation are used as an initial example. We calculate these states with configuration interaction singles and state-averaged Monte Carlo configuration interaction (SA-MCCI). For each method, we compare the important natural transition geminals with the dominant natural transition orbitals. We then compare SA-MCCI and full configuration interaction with regards to the natural transition geminals using the beryllium atom. We compare using the natural transition geminals with analysing the important configurations in the CI expansion to give the dominant transition for the beryllium atom and the carbon dimer. Finally, we calculate the natural transition geminals for two electronic excitations of formamide. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
10.1109/LSP.2014.2388369 | Comparison Of Adaptive And Model Free Methods For Dynamic Measurement | Dynamic measurement aims to improve the speed and accuracy characteristics of measurement devices by signal processing. State-of-the-art dynamic measurement methods are model-based adaptive methods, i. e. , 1) they estimate model parameters in real-time and 2) based on the identified model perform model-based signal processing. The proposed model-free method belongs to the class of the subspace identification methods. It computes directly the quantity of interest without an explicit parameter estimation. This allows efficient computation as well as applicability to general high order multivariable processes. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
172428 | Cyclic arylenevinylene polymers | Research work at the University of Manchester (UNIMAN) has developed an efficient synthetic method to prepare arylenevinylene polymers with control of molecular weight and end-group functionality by the ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of strained 1,9-cyclophanedienes. The CyclAr project will use this methodology to deliver conjugated polymers of novel topologies, including rings, 8-shapes, trefoils and others. Macromolecular rings will be prepared by ring expansion metathesis polymerization (REMP) using a tethered ruthenium carbene complex and more complex topologies from telechelic polymers prepared from a bifunctional ruthenium carbene complex. Electron rich (p-type) and electron poor (n-type) polymer topologies will be prepared from the appropriate functionalised cyclophanedienes and topological heterojunctions examined. These molecules will be screened for their photovoltaic performance as the novel molecular topologies can lead to an enhanced charge separation and fewer loss mechanisms - key factors in achieving higher power conversion efficiency in OPVs. The synthetic methodology to be adopted is novel and application of these topological arylenevinylene polymers as semiconducting materials in device fabrication is unprecedented.
The overall aim of the project is to develop novel topologies for arylenevinylene polymers and to investigate the influence of the molecular shape on the physical, optical and electronic properties. | [
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1117/12.2252413 | Effect Of Spatial Coherence Of Led Sources On Image Resolution In Holographic Displays | Holographic Displays (HDs) provide 3D images with all natural depth cues via computer generated holograms (CGHs) implemented on spatial light modulators (SLMs). HDs are coherent light processing systems based on interference and diffraction, thus they generally use laser light. However, laser sources are relatively expensive, available only at some particular wavelengths and difficult to miniaturize. In addition, highly coherent nature of laser light makes some undesired visual effects quite evident, such as speckle noise, interference due to stray light or defects of optical components. On the other hand, LED sources are available in variety of wavelengths, has small die size, and no speckle artifact. However, their finite spatial size introduce some degree of spatial incoherence in an HD system and degrade image resolution, which is the subject of the study in this paper. Our theoretical analysis indicates that the amount of resolution loss depends on the distance between hologram and SLM image planes. For some special configurations, the source size has no effect at all. We also performed experiments with different configurations using lasers and LEDs with different emission areas that vary from 50 μm to 200 μm, and determined Contrast Transfer Function (CTF) curves which agree well with our theoretical model. The results show that it is possible to find configurations where LEDs combined with pinholes almost preserve natural resolution limit of human eye while keeping the loss in light efficiency within tolerable limits. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1021/ma2008018 | Postpolymerization modification of hydroxyl-functionalized polymers with isocyanates | The postpolymerization functionalization of hydroxyl-group terminated polymers (Mn in the range of 1000-6000 g mol-1) such as poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM), poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) (PDMAM), and poly(tert-butyl acrylate) (PtBA) with a wide range of functional isocyanate derivatives such as azobenzene, viologen, and anthracene has been investigated. It was shown by 1H and 13C NMR, GPC, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) that a high degree of end-group conversion, typically >98%, with little or no formation of side products can be achieved at ambient temperature. PNIPAM, PDMAM, PtBA, and PHEAM polymers have been obtained by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) radical polymerization from a hydroxyl-group containing chain transfer agent (CTA). The formation of the carbamate has been shown to be compatible with the trithiocarbonate end-group of the RAFT polymers. Additionally, this approach allows for the direct functionalization of RAFT polymers without the need of additional steps such as deprotection or aminolysis of the CTA. This route was subsequently used for the preparation of a variety of side-chain functional polymers from poly(N-hydroxyethyl acrylamide) (PHEAM). Three different high yielding methods have been employed to prepare the isocyanates (R-NCO). Either amino or carboxylic acid precursors have been converted into the desired R-NCO or hydroxyl group moieties have been reacted with an excess of 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) to statistically form the monofunctional product. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
interreg_1453 | GENERALISED AUTOMATIC EXCHANGE OF PORT INFORMATION AREA | The project is based on a comprehensive vision of the Adriatic port system, which integrates many actors that operate beetween the two side of Adriatic sea. In this framework, an issue that takes on particular importance is the consolidation and the development of Systems Information that allows the secure exchange of information about security and travelers. This is a key instrument that will allow a more efficient decision-making of local port authority as well as other public actors. On this basis the main aim of the project is the development of a central informative node (trans-adriatic ports informative node) to allow a secure interchange and sharing of information among ports within the Adriatic Sea. Such information will be related to both ISPS (International Ship and Port Facility Security) Code and transportation traffic information for intermodality. The outputs consist of the following: • A set of services to deliver secure information to authorized users • Services for intermodality accessible via web (desktop computers and mobile devices) • A system called GAIA, giving info related to passengers flows managements, event managements, intermodality • A more accurate application of security protocols for ports, info about every single delay and or problem during the trip. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
W1972616040 | The preparation, germination properties and stability of superdormant spores of<i>Bacillus cereus</i> | To determine yields, germination and stability of superdormant Bacillus cereus spores.Superdormant B. cereus spores were isolated by germination with high concentrations of inosine or L-alanine in 2-5% yield and did not germinate with high concentrations of either of these germinants, but germinated like starting spores with Ca-DPA, dodecylamine, L-alanine plus inosine or concentrated complete medium. Yields of superdormant spores from germinations with low inosine concentrations were higher, and these spores germinated poorly with low inosine, but relatively normally with high inosine. Yields of superdormant spores were also higher when nonheat-activated spores were germinated. Superdormant spores stored at 4 degrees C slowly recovered some germination capacity, but recovery was slowed significantly at -20 degrees C and -80 degrees C.Factors that influence levels of superdormant B. cereus spores and the properties of such spores are similar to those in B. megaterium and B. subtilis, suggesting there are common mechanisms involved in superdormancy of Bacillus spores.Superdormant spores are a major concern in the food industry, because the presence of such spores precludes decontamination strategies based on triggering spore germination followed by mild killing treatments. Studies of the properties of superdormant spores may suggest ways to eliminate them. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering"
]
|
10.1177/1545968311407780 | Greater Sparing Of Visual Search Abilities In Children After Congenital Rather Than Acquired Focal Brain Damage | Background. Visual search refers to the capacity of an individual to find a target among simultaneously presented distracters and is based on visual abilities such as a fast visual processing and an accurate control of ballistic eye movements (saccades) that guide the fovea to the target location. Objective. In adults, visual field defects caused by brain damage are often associated with visual search disorders; in children, little is known about the effects of early brain lesions on visual search abilities. Methods. To test the presence of visual search defects and to investigate the role of cortical plasticity after early brain lesions, 29 children with congenital or acquired cerebral lesions, with and without visual field defects, underwent a visual search test battery. Results. The children with acquired lesions and visual field defects had longer reaction times (RTs) in the contralesional visual field compared with the ipsilesional, whereas those with congenital lesions and visual field defects did not have differences in RTs between the contralateral and ipsilateral visual fields and had a visual search pattern similar to children without a visual field defect. Conclusions. These findings support the hypothesis of more effective mechanisms of functional compensation and reorganization of the visual system in children with very early brain lesions, as opposed to those with later damage. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
10.1002/ctpp.201400065 | Toward a nonequilibrium green functions approach to diffusion in strongly coupled finite quantum systems | Transport properties of strongly correlated quantum systems are of central interest in condensed matter, ultracold atoms and in dense plasmas. There, the proper treatment of strong correlations poses a great challenge to theory. Here, we apply a Nonequilibrium Green Functions approach using a lattice model as a basic system. This allow us to treat a finite spatially inhomogeneous system with an arbitrary nonequilibrium initial state. Placing all particles initially to one side of the system allows for a nonequilibrium study of diffusion. Strong correlation effects are incorporated via T-matrix selfenergies. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
10.1007/JHEP04(2015)021 | Signals Of A Superlight Gravitino At The Lhc | Very light gravitinos could be produced at a sizeable rate at colliders and have been searched for in the mono-photon or mono-jet plus missing momentum signature. Strategies for enhancing the signal over background and interpretations of the experimental results are typically obtained within an effective field theory approach where all SUSY particles except the gravitino are heavy and are not produced resonantly. We extend this approach to a simplified model that includes squarks and gluinos in the TeV range. In such a case, the jet(s)-plus-missing-momentum signature can be generated through three different concurring mechanisms: gravitino-pair production with an extra jet, associated gravitino production with a squark or a gluino, or squark/gluino pair production with their subsequent decay to a gravitino and a jet. By using a matrix-element parton-shower merging procedure, we take into account all the relevant production processes consistently, explore the SUSY parameter space with the LHC Run-I data set, and give prospects for the Run II. We also consider the reach of other signatures involving electroweak particles, e. g. , the mono-photon, -Z, or -W plus missing momentum. The current mono-jet and mono-photon LHC analyses are interpreted to set a lower bound on the gravitino mass. We show how the limit of $m_{3/2}>1. 7\times10^{-13}$ GeV obtained in the effective field theory hypothesis is modified when the squarks and/or the gluino are in the TeV range. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
10.1016/j.cell.2011.04.014 | Maternal epigenetic pathways control parental contributions to arabidopsis early embryogenesis | Defining the contributions and interactions of paternal and maternal genomes during embryo development is critical to understand the fundamental processes involved in hybrid vigor, hybrid sterility, and reproductive isolation. To determine the parental contributions and their regulation during Arabidopsis embryogenesis, we combined deep-sequencing-based RNA profiling and genetic analyses. At the 2-4 cell stage there is a strong, genome-wide dominance of maternal transcripts, although transcripts are contributed by both parental genomes. At the globular stage the relative paternal contribution is higher, largely due to a gradual activation of the paternal genome. We identified two antagonistic maternal pathways that control these parental contributions. Paternal alleles are initially downregulated by the chromatin siRNA pathway, linked to DNA and histone methylation, whereas transcriptional activation requires maternal activity of the histone chaperone complex CAF1. Our results define maternal epigenetic pathways controlling the parental contributions in plant embryos, which are distinct from those regulating genomic imprinting. | [
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
US 9709116 W | PROCESS FOR MAKING THERMALLY STABLE METAL COATED POLYMERIC MONOFILAMENT OR YARN | Monofilaments of a yarn to be coated with electroless nickel are pretreated with an acid and a surfactant to render the monofilament surfaces water wettable and not substantially mechanically degraded. The pretreated yarns is passed through an electroless nickel coating bath under little or no tension so that the electroless nickel can coat all of the monofilament surfaces substantially uniformly. The nickel coated yarn then can be coated with electrolytic metal such as copper in an electrolytic metal plating step, as desired. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1186/1471-2105-15-207 | Automated peptide mapping and protein-topographical annotation of proteomics data | Background: In quantitative proteomics, peptide mapping is a valuable approach to combine positional quantitative information with topographical and domain information of proteins. Quantitative proteomic analysis of cell surface shedding is an exemplary application area of this approach. Results: We developed ImproViser (http://www. improviser. uni-freiburg. de) for fully automated peptide mapping of quantitative proteomics data in the protXML data. The tool generates sortable and graphically annotated output, which can be easily shared with further users. As an exemplary application, we show its usage in the proteomic analysis of regulated intramembrane proteolysis. Conclusion: ImproViser is the first tool to enable automated peptide mapping of the widely-used protXML format. ; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1007/JHEP07(2015)076 | Ads4 Compactifications Of Ads7 Solutions In Type Ii Supergravity | We find new classes of AdS4 solutions with localized branes and orientifolds, both analytic and numerical. We start with an Ansatz for the pure spinors inspired by a recently found class of AdS7 × M3 solutions in massive IIA; we replace the AdS7 by AdS4 × Σ3, and we fibre M3 over Σ3 in a way inspired by a field theory SU(2) twist. We are able to reduce the problem to a system of five ODEs; a further Ansatz reduces them to three. Their solutions can be bijectively mapped to the AdS7 solutions via a simple universal map. This also allows to find a simple analytic form for these solutions. They are naturally interpreted as twisted compactifications of the (1, 0) CFT6’s dual to the AdS7 solutions. The larger system of five ODEs also admits more general numerical solutions, again with localized branes; regularity is achieved via an attractor mechanism. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1109/TIP.2012.2221730 | Variational Approach For The Fusion Of Exposure Bracketed Pairs | When taking pictures of a dark scene with artificial lighting, ambient light is not sufficient for most cameras to obtain both accurate color and detail information. The exposure bracketing feature usually available in many camera models enables the user to obtain a series of pictures taken in rapid succession with different exposure times; the implicit idea is that the user picks the best image from this set. But in many cases, none of these images is good enough; in general, good brightness and color information are retained from longer-exposure settings, whereas sharp details are obtained from shorter ones. In this paper, we propose a variational method for automatically combining an exposure-bracketed pair of images within a single picture that reflects the desired properties of each one. We introduce an energy functional consisting of two terms, one measuring the difference in edge information with the short-exposure image and the other measuring the local color difference with a warped version of the long-exposure image. This method is able to handle camera and subject motion as well as noise, and the results compare favorably with the state of the art. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
172038 | Intuitive self-inspection techniques using augmented reality for construction, refurbishment and maintenance of energy-efficient buildings made of prefabricated components | NEED FOR INNOVATION: The critical mass of Energy-efficient Buildings (EeB) in Europe by 2020 will be achieved through sustainable industrialisation of high-performance architectural, structural and building-service components. However, realising the targeted performance in design is hampered by critical shortcomings during on-site construction and refurbishment that cause a lower built-quality and sub-optimal energy-saving in the building lifecycle. OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT: INSITER aims to eliminate the gaps in quality and energy-performance between design and realisation of energy-efficient buildings based on prefabricated components. The key innovation of INSITER is the intuitive and cost-effective Augmented Reality that connects the virtual model and the physical building in real-time. INSITER will develop a new methodology for self-instruction and self-inspection by construction workers, subcontractors, component suppliers, and other stakeholders during on-site working processes, supported by a coherent set of hardware and software tools. HOW THE OBJECTIVE WILL BE ACHIEVED: INSITER will substantially enhance the functionalities and capabilities of measurement and diagnostic instruments (like portable 3D laser scanners, thermal imaging cameras, acoustic and vibration detectors, real-time sensors) by means of a smart Application Programming Interface (API) and data integration with a cloud-based Building Information Model (BIM). The triangulation of Geospatial Information, Global and Indoor Positioning Systems (GIS, GPS, IPS) will support accurate and comprehensive Virtual and Augmented Reality (VR and AR). RELEVANCE TO THE WORK PROGRAMME: Through new self-inspection techniques, INSITER will fully leverage the energy-efficiency potentials of buildings based on prefab components, from design to construction, refurbishment and maintenance. It will scale-up the use of BIM for standardised inspection and commissioning protocols, involving all actors in the value-chain. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
W2887662513 | Genomic islands of divergence in the Yellow Tang and the Brushtail Tang Surgeonfishes | The current ease of obtaining thousands of molecular markers challenges the notion that full phylogenetic concordance, as proposed by phylogenetic species concepts, is a requirement for defining species delimitations. Indeed, the presence of genomic islands of divergence, which may be the cause, or in some cases the consequence, of speciation, precludes concordance. Here, we explore this issue using thousands of RAD markers on two sister species of surgeonfishes (Teleostei: Acanthuridae), Zebrasoma flavescens and Z. scopas, and several populations within each species. Species are readily distinguished based on their colors (solid yellow and solid brown, respectively), yet populations and species are neither distinguishable using mitochondrial markers (cytochrome c oxidase 1), nor using 5193 SNPs (pairwise Φst = 0.034). In contrast, when using outlier loci, some of them presumably under selection, species delimitations, and strong population structure follow recognized taxonomic positions (pairwise Φst = 0.326). Species and population delimitation differences based on neutral and selected markers are likely due to local adaptation, thus being consistent with the idea that these genomic islands of divergence arose as a consequence of isolation. These findings, which are not unique, raise the question of a potentially important pathway of divergence based on local adaptation that is only evident when looking at thousands of loci. | [
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
637987 | Single Molecule Mechanisms of Spatio-Temporal Chromatin Architecture | Chromatin packaging into the nucleus of eukaryotic cells is highly sophisticated. It not only serves to condense the genomic content into restricted space, but mainly to encode epigenetic traits ensuring temporally controlled and balanced transcription of genes and coordinated DNA replication and repair. The non-random three-dimensional chromatin architecture including looped structures between genomic control elements relies on the action of architectural proteins. However, despite increasing interest in spatio-temporal chromatin organization, mechanistic details of their contributions are not well understood.
With this proposal I aim at unveiling molecular mechanisms of protein–mediated chromatin organization by in vivo single molecule tracking and quantitative super-resolution imaging of architectural proteins using reflected light sheet microscopy (RLSM). I will measure the interaction dynamics, the spatial distribution and the stoichiometry of architectural proteins throughout the nucleus and at specific chromatin loci within single cells. In complement single molecule force spectroscopy experiments using magnetic tweezers (MT), I will study mechanisms of DNA loop formation in vitro by structure-mediating proteins.
Integrating these spatio-temporal and mechanical single molecule information, I will in the third sup-project measure the dynamics of relative end-to-end movements and the forces acting within a looped chromatin structure in living cells.
Taken together, my experiments will greatly enhance our mechanistic understanding of three-dimensional chromatin architecture and inspire future experiments on its regulatory effects on nuclear functions and potential therapeutic utility upon controlled modification. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1038/nature12226 | Masses of exotic calcium isotopes pin down nuclear forces | The properties of exotic nuclei on the verge of existence play a fundamental part in our understanding of nuclear interactions. Exceedingly neutron-rich nuclei become sensitive to new aspects of nuclear forces. Calcium, with its doubly magic isotopes 40 Ca and 48 Ca, is an ideal test for nuclear shell evolution, from the valley of stability to the limits of existence. With a closed proton shell, the calcium isotopes mark the frontier for calculations with three-nucleon forces from chiral effective field theory. Whereas predictions for the masses of 51 Ca and 52 Ca have been validated by direct measurements, it is an open question as to how nuclear masses evolve for heavier calcium isotopes. Here we report the mass determination of the exotic calcium isotopes 53 Ca and 54 Ca, using the multi-reflection time-of-flight mass spectrometer of ISOLTRAP at CERN. The measured masses unambiguously establish a prominent shell closure at neutron number N = 32, in excellent agreement with our theoretical calculations. These results increase our understanding of neutron-rich matter and pin down the subtle components of nuclear forces that are at the forefront of theoretical developments constrained by quantum chromodynamics. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
W1974840721 | COSMIC | It is remarkably easy to offload processing to Intel's newest manycore coprocessor, the Xeon-Phi: it supports a popular ISA (x86-based), a popular OS (Linux) and a popular programming model (OpenMP). Unfortunately, easy portability does not automatically ensure high performance. Additional programmer effort is necessary to leverage the new performance-oriented hardware features. But programmer optimizations alone are insufficient. Multiprocessing is also necessary to improve hardware utilization, and Linux makes it easy for processes to share the manycore coprocessor. However multiprocessing inefficiencies can easily offset gains made by the programmer. Our experiments on a production, high-performance Xeon server with multiple Xeon Phi coprocessors show that multiprocessing on coprocessors not only slows down the processes but also introduces unreliability (some processes crash unexpectedly). We propose a new, user-level middleware called COSMIC that improves performance and reliability of multiprocessing on coprocessors like the Xeon Phi. COSMIC seamlessly fits in the existing Xeon Phi software stack and is transparent to programmers. It manages Xeon Phi processes that execute parallel regions offloaded to the coprocessors. Offloads typically have programmer-driven performance directives like thread and affinity requirements. Unlike the existing Xeon Phi software stack, COSMIC does fair scheduling of both processes and offloads, and takes into account conflicting requirements of offloads belonging to different processes. By doing so, COSMIC has two clear benefits. First, it improves multiprocessing performance by preventing thread and memory oversubscription, by avoiding inter-offload interference and by reducing load imbalance on coprocessors and cores. Second, it increases multiprocessing reliability by exploiting programmer-specified per-process coprocessor memory requirements to completely avoid memory oversubscription and crashes. Our experiments on several representative Xeon Phi workloads show that, in a multiprocessing environment, COSMIC improves average core utilization by up to 3 times, reduces make-span by up to 52%, reduces average process latency (turn-around-time) by 70%, and completely eliminates process crashes. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1186/1471-2164-14-309 | Short And Long Term Genome Stability Analysis Of Prokaryotic Genomes | Gene organization dynamics is actively studied because it provides useful evolutionary information, makes functional annotation easier and often enables to characterize pathogens. There is therefore a strong interest in understanding the variability of this trait and the possible correlations with life-style. Two kinds of events affect genome organization: on one hand translocations and recombinations change the relative position of genes shared by two genomes (i. e. the backbone gene order); on the other, insertions and deletions leave the backbone gene order unchanged but they alter the gene neighborhoods by breaking the syntenic regions. A complete picture about genome organization evolution therefore requires to account for both kinds of events. We developed an approach where we model chromosomes as graphs on which we compute different stability estimators; we consider genome rearrangements as well as the effect of gene insertions and deletions. In a first part of the paper, we fit a measure of backbone gene order conservation (hereinafter called backbone stability) against phylogenetic distance for over 3000 genome comparisons, improving existing models for the divergence in time of backbone stability. Intra- and inter-specific comparisons were treated separately to focus on different time-scales. The use of multiple genomes of a same species allowed to identify genomes with diverging gene order with respect to their conspecific. The inter-species analysis indicates that pathogens are more often unstable with respect to non-pathogens. In a second part of the text, we show that in pathogens, gene content dynamics (insertions and deletions) have a much more dramatic effect on genome organization stability than backbone rearrangements. In this work, we studied genome organization divergence taking into account the contribution of both genome order rearrangements and genome content dynamics. By studying species with multiple sequenced genomes available, we were able to explore genome organization stability at different time-scales and to find significant differences for pathogen and non-pathogen species. The output of our framework also allows to identify the conserved gene clusters and/or partial occurrences thereof, making possible to explore how gene clusters assembled during evolution. | [
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1016/j.jfa.2016.04.001 | Volume growth, temperedness and integrability of matrix coefficients on a real spherical space | We apply the local structure theorem from [13] and the polar decomposition of [12] to a real spherical space Z=G/H and control the volume growth on Z. We define the Harish-Chandra Schwartz space on Z. We give a geometric criterion to ensure Lp-integrability of matrix coefficients on Z. | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.3390/min10020098 | Axial Compressibility and Thermal Equation of State of Hcp Fe–5wt% Ni–5wt% Si | Knowledge of the elastic properties and equations of state of iron and iron alloys are of fundamental interest in Earth and planetary sciences as they are the main constituents of telluric planetary cores. Here, we present results of X-ray diffraction measurements on a ternary Fe–Ni–Si alloy with 5 wt% Ni and 5 wt% Si, quasi-hydrostatically compressed at ambient temperature up to 56 GPa, and under simultaneous high pressure and high temperature conditions, up to 74 GPa and 1750 K. The established pressure dependence of the c/a axial ratio at ambient temperature and the pressure–volume–temperature (P–V–T) equation of state are compared with previous work and literature studies. Our results show that Ni addition does not affect the compressibility and axial compressibility of Fe–Si alloys at ambient temperature, but we suggest that ternary Fe–Ni–Si alloys might have a reduced thermal expansion in respect to pure Fe and binary Fe–Si alloys. In particular, once the thermal equations of state are considered together with velocity measurements, we conclude that elements other than Si and Ni have to be present in the Earth’s inner core to account for both density and seismic velocities. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
W2359602 | Hybrid markerless augmented reality tracking method for planar surface | Markerless tracking for augmented reality should not only accurate but also fast enough to provide a seamless synchronization between real and virtual beings. Current methods showed that a vision-based tracking is accurate but requires high computational power. This paper proposes a real-time hybrid-based method for tracking unknown environments in markerless augmented reality. The proposed method provides collaboration of vision-based approach with accelerometers and gyroscopes sensors as camera pose predictor. To align the augmentation relative to camera motion, the tracking method is done by substituting feature-based camera estimation with combination of inertial sensors with complementary filter to provide more dynamic response. The proposed method managed to track unknown environment with faster processing time compared to feature-based approach. Moreover, the proposed method can sustain its estimation in a situation where feature-based tracking loses its track. The collaboration of sensor tracking managed to perform the task for about 22,97 FPS, up to five times faster than feature-based tracking method used as comparison. Therefore, the proposed method can be used to track unknown environments without depending on amount of features on scene, while requiring lower computational cost. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1140/epjb/e2019-100123-7 | Shrinkage mechanisms of grain boundary loops in two-dimensional colloidal crystals | Abstract: We discuss the various mechanisms involved in the spontaneous shrinkage of circular grain boundaries in two-dimensional colloidal crystals. We provide experimental evidence that these grain boundary loops shrink owing to three intermittent mechanisms proposed for atomic materials, namely purely curvature-driven migration, coupled grain boundary migration, and grain boundary sliding. Throughout shrinkage, the product of the radius and misorientation of the grain boundary loop remains higher than a fundamental limit resulting from the specific dislocation structure of grain boundary loops, except for the very last stage where the loop character is lost. Despite its complexity, this process can be effectively described by a single kinetic coefficient, allowing for a simplified description of grain boundary loop kinetics. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext. ]. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1063/1.3549298 | Amplified Spontaneous Emission From Core And Shell Transitions In Cdse Cds Nanorods Fabricated By Seeded Growth | We studied the optical properties of core-shell CdSe/CdS nanorods with various lengths and core diameters that were fabricated by wet chemical synthesis using the seeded growth method. We investigated the optical emission from thin films consisting of dense nanorod arrays, where we observed amplified spontaneous emission from states related either to the CdSe core or to the CdS shell depending on the nanorod’s length. The optical gain of the nanorods was studied by transient absorption experiments and we found optical gain for the core and shell states of short rods, whereas for long rods, the optical gain of the core was quenched by defect states and we observed optical gain solely from the states of the shell material. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
W2046806824 | Bog Bodies from Scotland: Old Finds, New Records | AbstractThis paper draws attention to records of a number of historical discoveries of human remains from Scottish bogs that have been omitted from previous published lists of such finds. They mostly comprise a range of 'paper' bog bodies and, like many lost archaeological finds, they can tantalise as much as inform. However, taken together, the 'new' finds account for an additional 27 sites and at least 35 individuals. This represents a significant increment to the Scottish inventory of bog bodies, augmenting the existing record in some regions but also widening the national distribution. In several cases, references to the presence of clothing clearly suggest that the discoveries add to the prevailing inventory of post-medieval finds from Scotland. However, in some instances, the circumstantial evidence points to at least the possibility of burials of much earlier date – for example, where the body appears to have been unclothed or subject to unusual treatment. Consideration is also given to the impact ... | [
"The Study of the Human Past"
]
|
10.1155/2011/614097 | Tumor Suppressor Function Of Cyld In Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer | Ubiquitin and ubiquitin-related proteins posttranslationally modify substrates, and thereby alter the functions of their targets. The ubiquitination process is involved in various physiological responses, and dysregulation of components of the ubiquitin system has been linked to many diseases including skin cancer. The ubiquitin pathways activated among skin cancers are highly diverse and may reflect the various characteristics of the cancer type. Basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, the most common types of human skin cancer, are instances where the involvement of the deubiquitination enzyme CYLD has been recently highlighted. In basal cell carcinoma, the tumor suppressor protein CYLD is repressed at the transcriptional levels through hedgehog signaling pathway. Downregulation of CYLD in basal cell carcinoma was also shown to interfere with TrkC expression and signaling, thereby promoting cancer progression. By contrast, the level of CYLD is unchanged in squamous cell carcinoma, instead, catalytic inactivation of CYLD in the skin has been linked to the development of squamous cell carcinoma. This paper will focus on the current knowledge that links CYLD to nonmelanoma skin cancers and will explore recent insights regarding CYLD regulation of NF-κB and hedgehog signaling during the development and progression of these types of human tumors. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1117/12.865087 | Review Of Low Baseline Stereo Algorithms And Benchmarks | The purpose of this work is to review and evaluate the performance of several algorithms which have been designed for satellite imagery in a geographic context. In particular we are interested in their performance with low-baseline image pairs like those which will be produced by the Pleiades satellite. In this study local and global state of the art algorithms have been considered and compared: CARMEN, MARC, MARC2 and MICMAC. This paper aims also at proposing a new benchmark to compare stereo algorithms. A set of simulated stereo images for which the ground truth is perfectly known will be presented. The obtained accuracy for the ground truth is more than a hundredth of pixel. The existence of an accurate ground truth is a major improvement for the community, allowing to quantify very precisely the disparity error in a realistic setting. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1039/b917662d | Reversibility and isotope effect of the calorimetric glass → liquid transition of low-density amorphous ice | We here report differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) scans recorded by repeatedly heating the H2O (D2O) low density amorph (LDA) which was made by isothermal decompression of very high-density amorphous ice (VHDA) at 140 K from 1. 1 to 0. 006 GPa. These DSC scans show a glass → liquid transition endotherm with an onset temperature (Tg) of ≈137 (140) K at a heating rate of 30 K min-1 accompanied by an increase in heat capacity of ≈1. 7 (1. 5) J K-1 mol-1. We establish the reversibility of this effect by thermally cycling between its glassy state below 137 K and its highly viscous liquid state at 149 K. All calorimetric signatures, including H/D isotope effect, are highly similar to the signatures in hyperquenched glassy water (HGW). We argue that the observation of almost identical calorimetric traces for HGW and LDA implies that there is no need to reassign HGWs Tg to higher temperatures provided that the viscous liquid state connected to both LDA and HGW behaves as an ideally "strong" liquid in the Angell classification. We furthermore show that LDA prepared by isothermal decompression of VHDA is more crystallization- resistant than LDA made from high-density amorphous ice (HDA) by isobaric warming. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1080/14786435.2015.1066938 | Dislocation Modelling In Ti 2 Aln Max Phase Based On The Peierls Nabarro Model | In this study, we determined the core structure and the Peierls stress of 1 3 h2 1 1 0i dislocations in Ti 2 AlN MAX phase. We use a generalized Peierls-Nabarro model, called Peierls-Nabarro-Galerkin (PNG), coupled with first principles calculations of generalized stacking fault (GSF). The GSF calculations show that dislocation glide in the basal plane will occur preferentially between M (here Ti) and A (here Al) planes. Additionally, the results of PNG calculations demonstrate that whatever the dislocation character, 1 3 h2 1 1 0i dislocations are dissociated in the basal plane, with a dissociation distance below the experimental resolution of transmission electron microscopy observations. Finally, the Peierls stress calculations show that the edge and screw characters are the easiest characters to glide in the basal plane. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
W42657573 | On the Efficiency of the Hamming C-Centerstring Problems | AbstractThe Consensus String Problem is that of finding a string, such that the maximum Hamming distance from it to a given set of strings of the same length is minimized. However, a generalization is necessary for clustering. One needs to consider a partition into a number of sets, each with a distinct centerstring. In this paper we define two natural versions of the consensus problem for c centerstrings. We analyse the hardness and fixed parameter tractability of these problems and provide approximation algorithms.KeywordsPolynomial TimeClose StringVertex CoverPotential CenterMaximal MatchThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1016/j.biopsycho.2012.08.007 | Goal relevance and goal conduciveness appraisals lead to differential autonomic reactivity in emotional responding to performance feedback | Using an appraisal framework, the present experiment tested the hypothesis that goal relevance and goal conduciveness have an interactive effect on emotional responding. We expected that elicitation of positive or negative emotions in response to events that are conducive or obstructive to attainment of one's goals depends on the level of goal relevance. To test this hypothesis, we presented 119 participants with positive (success) or negative (failure) performance feedback of high or low relevance in an achievement context. Feeling self-report showed effects of conduciveness, but no interaction with relevance. Physiological reactivity showed the predicted interaction effect on cardiac autonomic regulation (CAR), with higher CAR for high-relevance conducive than obstructive conditions. Moreover, mean arterial pressure (MAP) and skin conductance level (SCL) differed between conducive and obstructive conditions, and heart rate (HR) and SCL differed between relevance conditions. Implications for the plausibility and current empirical support of the interaction hypothesis are discussed. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
10.1080/03044181.2015.1107751 | The Margin To Act A Framework Of Investigation For Women S And Men S Medieval Art Making | ABSTRACTOne of the challenges faced by medieval art historians is to recognise the diverse roles women played in matters of medieval art, while seeing also the impact of society on their artistic choices. By tracing how one work of art can open new critical insights into another, and how disparate objects and buildings – if thought through together – can illuminate our understanding of the Middle Ages overall, we can discern the multi-layered stages of the creative process. The term ‘makers of art’ is proposed as a shift away from the commonly used words – artist, patron, recipient – and the preconceived notions about the individuals who fulfilled those roles. The paper also lays out a framework – ‘the margin to act’ – for the investigation of the multi-levelled interactions of women with medieval art and, ultimately, the writing of history. | [
"Texts and Concepts",
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts"
]
|
W1454040153 | Study on the Spatial – Temporal Variability of Soil Nutrients during Winter Wheat Growth Season | The object of the study is to analyze the spatial-temporal variability of soil nutrients in the winter wheat growing season, and try to reveal the dynamic change of soil nutrients in winter wheat field. Measurements of soil nitrate nitrogen (NN), total nitrogen (TN) and available potassium (AK) in wheat field were taken at 132 sample points in April and June, 2006. Classical statistical method and geostatistics method were used in this study. The classical statistical analysis results indicate the average value of NN content decreased obviously from April to June, and the value of AK decreased slightly. But there were no change for the mean of TN content from April to June. All soil nutrient both in April and June were medium-degree variations. From the spatial distribution maps of soil variables, soil NN changed obviously on distribution between April and June. However, soil TN and AK had the similar spatial distribution that high in the northeast part and low in the southwest of the study field. In summary, winter wheat growth had great effect on soil NN content, whereas little effect on TN and AK. The differences of NN, TN and AK between June and April were negative in most areas and the absorptive capacity of winter wheat was different in different places. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1016/j.compfluid.2016.05.020 | High order accurate direct Arbitrary-Lagrangian-Eulerian ADER-WENO finite volume schemes on moving curvilinear unstructured meshes | In this article we present a new high order accurate fully discrete one-step Arbitrary-Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) finite volume scheme on moving unstructured curvilinear meshes in two and three space dimensions. The WENO reconstruction technique that is used to achieve high order of accuracy in space is performed on curved isoparametric triangular and tetrahedral elements, which are not necessarily defined by straight boundaries. High order of accuracy in time is obtained via an element-local space-time Galerkin finite element predictor on moving curved meshes already developed in [Boscheri W, Dumbser M. A direct arbitrary-lagrangian-eulerian ader-weno finite volume scheme on unstructured tetrahedral meshes for conservative and non-conservative hyperbolic systems in 3d. Journal of Computational Physics 2014;275(0):484–523. ]. Our algorithm belongs to the category of cell-centered schemes, therefore a nodal solver is used to compute the velocity at each vertex of the computational grid, as well as at each additional degree of freedom that is needed to approximate the curvilinear geometry. To avoid mesh tangling or extremely distorted elements, we propose to use a modified version of the rezoning algorithm presented in [Galera S, Maire P, Breil J. A two-dimensional unstructured cell-centered multi-material ale scheme using vof interface reconstruction. Journal of Computational Physics 2010;229:5755-5787. ], which can deal with curvilinear elements in multiple space dimensions. The rezoned geometry is then taken into account directly during the computation of the fluxes, thus the resulting finite volume scheme is a direct ALE method based on a space-time conservation formulation of the governing PDE system. The space-time control volume is defined for each element at each time step adopting an isoparametric approach, i. e. relying on a set of space-time basis functions which are as accurate as the desired order of the scheme. In this way the numerical solution and the geometry configuration of each element are approximated with the same accuracy in space and time. The resulting scheme is thus high order accurate and fully-discrete in one single step, which is typical for the ADER approach. We apply our new algorithm to the Euler equations of compressible gas dynamics in two and three space dimensions, considering a set of classical numerical test problems on moving meshes. Furthermore numerical convergence studies show the high order of accuracy of the proposed method up to fifth order in space and time. | [
"Mathematics",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.03.011 | Full spectrum of mental disorders linked with childhood residential mobility | Although links between childhood residential mobility and subsequently increased risks of psychopathology have been well documented, associations across the full spectrum of psychiatric disorders are unknown. We conducted a population-based study of all 1,439,363 persons born in Denmark during 1971-1997 to investigate relationships between childhood cross-municipality residential moves from year of birth to age 14 years and the development of a range of psychiatric disorders from mid-adolescence to early middle age. We examined: (1) Any substance misuse disorders; specifically alcohol misuse, and cannabis misuse; (2) Any personality disorders; specifically antisocial, and borderline personality disorders; (3) Schizophrenia and related disorders; specifically schizophrenia, and schizoaffective disorder; (4) Any mood disorders; specifically bipolar disorder, and depressive disorder; (5) Any anxiety and somatoform disorders; specifically obsessive compulsive disorder; (6) Any eating disorders; specifically anorexia nervosa. Childhood residential mobility was associated with elevated risks of developing most psychiatric disorders, even after controlling for potential confounders. The associations generally rose with increasing age at moving and were stronger for multiple moves in a year compared to a single move. Links were particularly strong for antisocial personality disorder, any substance misuse disorder, and cannabis misuse in particular, for which the highest increases in risks were observed if relocation occurred during adolescence. Childhood residential change was not linked to subsequent risk of developing an eating disorder. Frequent residential mobility could be a marker for familial adversities. Mental health services and schools need to be vigilant of the psychosocial needs of children, particularly adolescents, who have recently moved homes. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
10.1039/C6SM01872F | Discontinous Change From Thermally To Geometrically Dominated Effective Interactions In Colloidal Solutions | We report numerical results for the effective potential arising between two colloids immersed in a self-assembling cosolute which forms reversible clusters. The potential is evaluated at cosolute state points with different densities and temperatures but with the same connectivity properties. We find that the range of the resulting effective potential is controlled only by the cosolute thermal correlation length rather than by its connectivity length. We discuss the significant differences from previous results focusing on the cosolute forming irreversible clusters and we show that the irreversible bond case represents a singular limit which cannot be accessed in equilibrium by continuously increasing the bond lifetime. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1038/nmat4720 | Detection and imaging of quorum sensing in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm communities by surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering | Most bacteria in nature exist as biofilms, which support intercellular signalling processes such as quorum sensing (QS), a cell-to-cell communication mechanism that allows bacteria to monitor and respond to cell density and changes in the environment. As QS and biofilms are involved in the ability of bacteria to cause disease, there is a need for the development of methods for the non-invasive analysis of QS in natural bacterial populations. Here, by using surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering spectroscopy, we report rationally designed nanostructured plasmonic substrates for the in situ, label-free detection of a QS signalling metabolite in growing Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms and microcolonies. The in situ, non-invasive plasmonic imaging of QS in biofilms provides a powerful analytical approach for studying intercellular communication on the basis of secreted molecules as signals. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
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