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W1613806312 | Gold-Polymer Nanocomposites for Bioimaging and Biosensing | The sections in this article are
Introduction
Fabrication of Gold Nanocomposites
General Aspects
“Grafting-From” Modifications
“Grafting-To” Modifications
Post-Modification
Imaging and Labeling with Gold Nanocomposites
Optical Imaging
Magnetic Resonance Imaging, X-Ray Imaging, and Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Imaging
Gold Nanocomposites as Indicators
Colorimetric Sensors
General Aspects
Red-to-Blue Sensors
Crosslinking Aggregation
Non-Crosslinking Aggregation
Blue-to-Red Sensors
Fluorometric Systems with Gold Nanocomposites
Fluorescence Quenching
System A: Disruption of dsDNA Linker
System B: Disruption of Biological Interaction
System C: Cleavage of Linking Aptamer and Peptide
Time-Resolved Fluorometry and Fluorescence Polarization
Electrochemical Applications of Gold Nanoparticles and Their Composites
AuNPs Assembled on Electrode Surfaces for Enhanced Electrode Responses
Conducting Polymer/AuNP Composites on Electrodes
Applications of Conducting Polymer/AuNP Composites on Electrodes
Other Composite Materials for Electrochemical Measurements
Composite Nanoparticles and Their Applications as Labels
Quantification Strategies
Sensitivity Enhancements
Perspective
Keywords:
gold nanoparticle;
polymer-functionalized nanocomposites;
bioimaging;
biosensing;
colorimetric detection;
fluorometric detection;
electrochemical detection | [
"Materials Engineering",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1142/S1230161215500018 | An Improvement On The Delsarte Type Lp Bound With Application To Mubs | The linear programming (LP) bound of Delsarte can be applied to several problems in various branches of mathematics. We describe a general Fourier analytic method to get a slight improvement on this bound. We then apply our method to the problem of mutually unbiased bases (MUBs) to prove that the Fourier family $F(a,b)$ in dimension 6 cannot be extended to a full system of MUBs. | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
W2390526642 | Prediction of the Number of Medals in International General Games: With Beijing Olympic Games as an Example | Based on theories of econometrics,population,GDP per capita,home advantage,social system,achievements in the previous Olympic Games,this paper established a preliminary model with multiple non-linear regression analysis.Considering the discrepancy in competitive sports strength between countries,the authors divided competitive sports strength into five scales with fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm.By introducing dummy variable,the authors proposed a revised model which combines theories of economics and discrepancy in competitive sports strength,and conducts a prediction analysis of the number of medals in 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.Results showed that this model can reveal the general tendency in the change of Olympic medals won by different countries,and can overcome the influence of discrepancy in competitive sports strength on prediction precision.This model can be applied to the prediction of the number of medals in international general games due to its scientificity and feasibility. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1021/la500408j | Neither Lippmann nor young: Enabling electrowetting modeling on structured dielectric surfaces | Aiming to illuminate mechanisms of wetting transitions on geometrically patterned surfaces induced by the electrowetting phenomenon, we present a novel modeling approach that goes beyond the limitations of the Lippmann equation and is even relieved from the implementation of the Young contact angle boundary condition. We employ the equations of the capillary electrohydrostatics augmented by a disjoining pressure term derived from an effective interface potential accounting for solid/liquid interactions. Proper parametrization of the liquid surface profile enables efficient simulation of multiple and reconfigurable three-phase contact lines (TPL) appearing when entire droplets undergo wetting transitions on patterned surfaces. The liquid/ambient and the liquid/solid interfaces are treated in a unified context tackling the assumption that the liquid profile is wedge-shaped at any three-phase contact line. In this way, electric field singularities are bypassed, allowing for accurate electric field and liquid surface profile computation, especially in the vicinity of TPLs. We found that the invariance of the microscopic contact angle in electrowetting systems is valid only for thick dielectrics, supporting published experiments. By applying our methodology to patterned dielectrics, we computed all admissible droplet equilibrium profiles, including Cassie-Baxter, Wenzel, and mixed wetting states. Mixed wetting states are computed for the first time in electrowetting systems, and their relative stability is presented in a clear and instructive way. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1109/TNNLS.2015.2465178 | Robust Low Rank Tensor Recovery With Regularized Redescending M Estimator | This paper addresses the robust low-rank tensor recovery problems. Tensor recovery aims at reconstructing a low-rank tensor from some linear measurements, which finds applications in image processing, pattern recognition, multitask learning, and so on. In real-world applications, data might be contaminated by sparse gross errors. However, the existing approaches may not be very robust to outliers. To resolve this problem, this paper proposes approaches based on the regularized redescending M-estimators, which have been introduced in robust statistics. The robustness of the proposed approaches is achieved by the regularized redescending M-estimators. However, the nonconvexity also leads to a computational difficulty. To handle this problem, we develop algorithms based on proximal and linearized block coordinate descent methods. By explicitly deriving the Lipschitz constant of the gradient of the data-fitting risk, the descent property of the algorithms is present. Moreover, we verify that the objective functions of the proposed approaches satisfy the Kurdyka–Łojasiewicz property, which establishes the global convergence of the algorithms. The numerical experiments on synthetic data as well as real data verify that our approaches are robust in the presence of outliers and still effective in the absence of outliers. | [
"Mathematics",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
W2112625081 | Unexpected 1,2-Migration in Metallasilabenzenes: Theoretical Evidence for Reluctance of Silicon to Participate in π Bonding | Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were carried out to investigate the 1,2-migration in metallasilabenzenes. The results suggested that the chloride migration of metallabenzenes is unfavorable due to the loss of aromaticity in the nonaromatic analogues. In sharp contrast, such a migration in metallasilabenzenes is favorable due to the reluctance of silicon to participate in π bonding. The migration of hydride and methyl group from the metal center to the silicon atom in metallasilabenzenes is computed to be also feasible. In addition, the π donor ligand and the third row transition metal can stabilize metallasilabenzenes. Thus, such a migration becomes less favorable thermodynamically and kinetically. These findings could be very helpful for synthetic chemists to realize the first metallasilabenzene. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
interreg_2802 | The third step in protecting the territory from natural risks: participatory evolution | This project is an evolution of what was carried out in the 2007-2013 Planning with the PROTERINA-2, RESMAR and PROTERINA-C projects. It aims to improve the capacity of institutions to prevent and jointly manage the risk of floods. The general objective of the project is to strengthen the ability of institutions and communities to respond to the flood risk by raising their awareness. Specific objectives: - Improve the effectiveness of flood risk prevention measures through the cross-border and trans-regional involvement of institutional levels and communities willing to increase risk awareness; - Strengthen monitoring networks and capitalise on previous planning results by integrating the data acquired from early warning models; - Increase cross-border capacity for adaptation to climate change through the development of resilient communities. The direct or indirect beneficiaries will be the civil protection, soil protection and water cycle administrations, weather forecasting and monitoring bodies and residents actively involved in decision-making processes. The keywords that describe the approach and innovative character of the project are: - Participation. Participation, inclusion and involvement of the population and administrators, as a tool for creating resilient communities; a PROTERINA-2 target that is becoming an international model; - Cross-border. One can better handle flood events by sharing skills and resources; - Consolidation. The project capitalises on and develops the positive things done with the previous planning and takes more useful actions. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
10.4161/auto.26841 | Role of autophagy, SQSTM1, SH3GLB1, and TRIM63 in the turnover of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors | Removal of ubiquitinated targets by autophagosomes can be mediated by receptor molecules, like SQSTM1, in a mechanism referred to as selective autophagy. While cytoplasmic protein aggregates, mitochondria, and bacteria are the best-known targets of selective autophagy, their role in the turnover of membrane receptors is scarce. We here showed that fasting-induced wasting of skeletal muscle involves remodeling of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) by increasing the turnover of muscle-type CH RN (cholinergic receptor, nicotinic/nicotinic acetylcholine receptor) in a TRIM63- dependent manner. Notably, this process implied enhanced production of endo/lysosomal carriers of CH RN, which also contained the membrane remodeler SH 3GLB1, the E3 ubiquitin ligase, TRIM63, and the selective autophagy receptor SQSTM1. Furthermore, these vesicles were surrounded by the autophagic marker MAP1LC3A in an ATG7-dependent fashion, and some of them were also positive for the lysosomal marker, LAMP1. While the amount of vesicles containing endocytosed CH RN strongly augmented in the absence of ATG7 as well as upon denervation as a model for long-term atrophy, denervation-induced increase in autophagic CH RN vesicles was completely blunted in the absence of TRIM63. On a similar note, in trim63-/- mice denervation-induced upregulation of SQSTM1 and LC3-II was abolished and endogenous SQSTM1 did not colocalize with CH RN vesicles as it did in the wild type. SQSTM1 and LC3-II coprecipitated with surface-labeled/endocytosed CH RN and SQSTM1 overexpression significantly induced CH RN vesicle formation. Taken together, our data suggested that selective autophagy regulates the basal and atrophy-induced turnover of the pentameric transmembrane protein, CH RN, and that TRIM63, together with SH 3GLB1 and SQSTM1 regulate this process. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1038/nn.4194 | DNA methylation changes in plasticity genes accompany the formation and maintenance of memory | The ability to form memories is a prerequisite for an organism's behavioral adaptation to environmental changes. At the molecular level, the acquisition and maintenance of memory requires changes in chromatin modifications. In an effort to unravel the epigenetic network underlying both short- and long-term memory, we examined chromatin modification changes in two distinct mouse brain regions, two cell types and three time points before and after contextual learning. We found that histone modifications predominantly changed during memory acquisition and correlated surprisingly little with changes in gene expression. Although long-lasting changes were almost exclusive to neurons, learning-related histone modification and DNA methylation changes also occurred in non-neuronal cell types, suggesting a functional role for non-neuronal cells in epigenetic learning. Finally, our data provide evidence for a molecular framework of memory acquisition and maintenance, wherein DNA methylation could alter the expression and splicing of genes involved in functional plasticity and synaptic wiring. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1515/jgth-2014-0043 | Infinitely-ended hyperbolic groups with homeomorphic Gromov boundaries | We show that the Gromov boundary of the free product of two infinite hyperbolic groups is uniquely determined up to homeomorphism by the homeomorphism types of the boundaries of its factors. We generalize this result to graphs of hyperbolic groups over finite subgroups. Finally, we give a necessary and sufficient condition for the Gromov boundaries of any two hyperbolic groups to be homeomorphic (in terms of the topology of the boundaries of factors in terminal splittings over finite subgroups). | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
282330 | Sequence based strategies to identify genetic variation associated with mental retardation and schizophrenia | Mental retardation (MR) and schizophrenia (SCZ) are disorders of the brain that affect 2-3% and 1% of the population, respectively. Both disorders are considered to be highly heritable, but exhibit heterogeneous genetic etiology. Recent genetic studies have led to discoveries that the same variants that can give rise to different neuropsychiatric disorders, including MR and SCZ. In this proposal, sequencing will be used to identify novel genes involved in MR and SCZ, and to explore the potential overlap between these disorders. The specific goals of the research plan include:
1. Genetic characterization of patients from large pedigrees with SCZ and MR.
Five pedigrees have been collected in which multiple individuals are affected by SCZ or MR. The pedigrees vary in size, with the largest spanning 12 generations including 3,400 individuals. Exome and whole genome sequencing will be performed to identify the genetic variants associated with disease. Candidate genes identified will be screened in large independent cohorts of MR and SCZ patients. In addition, RNA sequencing will be performed on cell lines established for patients and controls from two of the pedigrees.
2. Screening of trios to identify novel genes causing MR
Mental retardation (MR) patients are typically referred for array-based analysis. With current genetic screening using microarray, a clinically significant rearrangement is identified in 15-20% of patients. I propose use high throughput sequencing to screen MR patients and their parents with the goal of identifying new MR genes and to investigate to what extent the diagnostic yield can be increased.
By combining sequencing, bioinformatics and carefully selected clinical material, the work presented in this proposal will lead to an increased understanding of disease mechanisms and enable the development of novel targets and strategies for molecular diagnostic screening. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1111/jcpp.12171 | Genetic and environmental influences on adolescent attachment | Background Twin studies consistently point to limited genetic influence on attachment security in the infancy period, but no study has examined whether this remains the case in later development. This study presents the findings from a twin study examining the relative importance of genetic and environmental influences on attachment in adolescence. Methods The sample included 551 twin pairs aged 15 years recruited from the larger Twins Early Development Study (TEDS). Attachment was assessed using a semistructured interview, the Child Attachment Interview. Results We found robust associations between MZ twins' scores for Coherence and their overall security of attachment (r =. 42, p <. 001; kappa =. 26, p <. 001), but substantially lower associations for DZ twins (r =. 20, p =. 001; kappa =. 09, p =. 20), suggesting genetic influence on adolescent attachment (and substantial nonshared environment). Model-fitting analyses confirmed this impression, indicating approximately 40% heritability of attachment and negligible influence of the shared environment. Conclusions The results suggest that genes may play an important role in adolescent attachment and point to the potentially distinct aetiological mechanisms involved in individual differences in attachment beyond early childhood. Read the Commentary on this article at doi: 10. 1111/jcpp. 12301 Read the Response to the Commentary at doi: 10. 1111/jcpp. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health. | [
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
US 2007/0083120 W | INHIBITORS OF HEPATITIS C VIRUS | Macrocyclic peptides are disclosed having the general formula: (I) wherein R<SUB>3</SUB>, R'<SUB>3, </SUB>R<SUB>4</SUB>, R<SUB>6</SUB>, R', X, Q and W are described. Compositions comprising the compounds and methods for using the compounds to inhibit HCV are also disclosed. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy"
]
|
10.1051/0004-6361/201834933 | Novel Method For Component Separation Of Extended Sources In X Ray Astronomy | In high-energy astronomy, spectro-imaging instruments such as X-ray detectors allow investigation of the spatial and spectral properties of extended sources including galaxy clusters, galaxies, diffuse interstellar medium, supernova remnants and pulsar wind nebulae. In these sources, each physical component possesses a different spatial and spectral signature, but the components are entangled. Extracting the intrinsic spatial and spectral information of the individual components from this data is a challenging task. Current analysis methods do not fully exploit the 2D-1D (x,y,E) nature of the data, as the spatial and spectral information are considered separately. Here we investigate the application of a Blind Source Separation algorithm that jointly exploits the spectral and spatial signatures of each component in order to disentangle them. We explore the capabilities of a new BSS method (General Morphological Component Analysis; GMCA), initially developed to extract an image of the Cosmic Microwave Background from Planck data, in an X-ray context. The performance of GMCA on X-ray data is tested using Monte-Carlo simulations of supernova remnant toy models, designed to represent typical science cases. We find that GMCA is able to separate highly entangled components in X-ray data even in high contrast scenarios, and can extract with high accuracy the spectrum and map of each physical component. A modification is proposed to improve the spectral fidelity in the case of strongly overlapping spatial components, and we investigate a resampling method to derive realistic uncertainties associated to the results of the algorithm. Applying the modified algorithm to the deep Chandra observations of Cassiopeia A, we are able to produce detailed maps of the synchrotron emission at low energies (0. 6-2. 2 keV), and of the red/blue shifted distributions of a number of elements including Si and Fe K. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
US 54812009 A | Prosthesis with Moveable Fenestration | An endoluminal prosthesis with a moveable fenestration including a tubular graft body having a proximal end, a distal end, a surface plane at least one fenestration having a perimeter disposed in a sidewall of the tubular body between the proximal end and the distal end, a first biocompatible graft material, and a second biocompatible graft material adjacent to and surrounding the perimeter of the at least one fenestration. The second biocompatible graft material has at least one characteristic different from the first biocompatible graft material and is more flexible than the first biocompatible graft material and is movable relative to the surface plane of the tubular graft body. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
W1987733793 | Emergency preparedness and response for transport: elements to consider when developing emergency response plans | The safety record of radioactive material shipments is impressive. In over 50 years, there has never been a transport event that has caused significant radiological damage to health, property and the environment. However, safety cannot be taken for granted. Emergency preparedness and response are important elements to ensure the safety of transport of radioactive materials and also for its public acceptance. An emergency response plan should prepare for accident situations. Through a dedicated working group, industry members of the World Nuclear Transport Institute have exchanged experiences about emergency preparedness and response. This paper suggests key areas that should be considered when developing an emergency preparedness and response plan. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1007/s10677-013-9437-0 | Moral Contextualism and the Problem of Triviality | Moral contextualism is the view that claims like 'A ought to X' are implicitly relative to some (contextually variable) standard. This leads to a problem: what are fundamental moral claims like 'You ought to maximize happiness' relative to? If this claim is relative to a utilitarian standard, then its truth conditions are trivial: 'Relative to utilitarianism, you ought to maximize happiness'. But it certainly doesn't seem trivial that you ought to maximize happiness (utilitarianism is a highly controversial position). Some people believe this problem is a reason to prefer a realist or error theoretic semantics of morals. I argue two things: first, that plausible versions of all these theories are afflicted by the problem equally, and second, that any solution available to the realist and error theorist is also available to the contextualist. So the problem of triviality does not favour noncontextualist views of moral language. | [
"Texts and Concepts"
]
|
10.23919/FPL.2017.8056797 | Transparent Memory Encryption And Authentication | Security features of modern (SoC) FPGAs permit to protect the confidentiality of hard- and software IP when the devices are powered off as well as to validate the authenticity of IP when being loaded at startup. However, these approaches are insufficient since attackers with physical access can also perform attacks during runtime, demanding for additional security measures. In particular, RAM used by modern (SoC) FPGAs is under threat since RAM stores software IP as well as all kinds of other sensitive information during runtime. To solve this issue, we present an open-source framework for building transparent RAM encryption and authentication pipelines, suitable for both FPGAs and ASICs. The framework supports various ciphers and modes of operation as shown by our comprehensive evaluation on a Xilinx Zynq-7020 SoC. For encryption, the ciphers Prince and AES are used in the ECB, CBC and XTS mode. Additionally, the authenticated encryption cipher Ascon is used both standalone and within a TEC tree. Our results show that the data processing of our encryption pipeline is highly efficient with up to 94 % utilization of the read bandwidth that is provided by the FPGA interface. Moreover, the use of a cryptographically strong primitive like Ascon yields highly practical results with 54 % bandwidth utilization. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1016/j.coviro.2011.09.012 | RNA virus population diversity: Implications for inter-species transmission | RNA viruses are notorious for rapidly generating genetically diverse populations during a single replication cycle, and the implications of this mutant population, often referred to as quasispecies, can be vast. Previous studies have linked RNA virus genetic variability to changes in viral pathogenesis, the ability to adapt to a host during infection, and to the acquisition of mechanisms required to switch hosts entirely. However, these initial studies are just the beginning. With the development of next generation technologies, groups will be able to dig deeper into the sequence space that is generated during an RNA virus infection and more clearly understand the development, role, and consequences of viral genetic diversity. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy"
]
|
10.1371/journal.pone.0145265 | Schooling, local knowledge and working memory: A study among three contemporary hunter-gatherer societies | Researchers have analysed whether school and local knowledge complement or substitute each other, but have paid less attention to whether those two learning models use different cognitive strategies. In this study, we use data collected among three contemporary huntergatherer societies with relatively low levels of exposure to schooling yet with high levels of local ecological knowledge to test the association between i) schooling and ii) local ecological knowledge and verbal working memory. Participants include 94 people (24 Baka, 25 Punan, and 45 Tsimane') from whom we collected information on 1) schooling and school related skills (i. e. , literacy and numeracy), 2) local knowledge and skills related to hunting and medicinal plants, and 3) working memory. To assess working memory, we applied a multi-trial free recall using words relevant to each cultural setting. People with and without schooling have similar levels of accurate and inaccurate recall, although they differ in their strategies to organize recall: people with schooling have higher results for serial clustering, suggesting better learning with repetition, whereas people without schooling have higher results for semantic clustering, suggesting they organize recall around semantically meaningful categories. Individual levels of local ecological knowledge are not related to accurate recall or organization recall, arguably due to overall high levels of local ecological knowledge. While schooling seems to favour some organization strategies this might come at the expense of some other organization strategies. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
10.1162/jocn_a_01592 | Sequence Memory in the Hippocampal–Entorhinal Region | Episodic memories are constructed from sequences of events. When recalling such a memory, we not only recall individual events, but we also retrieve information about how the sequence of events unfolded. Here, we focus on the role of the hippocampal–entorhinal region in processing and remembering sequences of events, which are thought to be stored in relational networks. We summarize evidence that temporal relations are a central organizational principle for memories in the hippocampus. Importantly, we incorporate novel insights from recent studies about the role of the adjacent entorhinal cortex in sequence memory. In rodents, the lateral entorhinal subregion carries temporal information during ongoing behavior. The human homologue is recruited during memory recall where its representations reflect the temporal relationships between events encountered in a sequence. We further introduce the idea that the hippocampal–entorhinal region might enable temporal scaling of sequence representations. Flexible changes of sequence progression speed could underlie the traversal of episodic memories and mental simulations at different paces. In conclusion, we describe how the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus contribute to remembering event sequences—a core component of episodic memory. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System"
]
|
185248 | Novel closed-cage system for high-value marine aquaculture | The global demand for seafood is in a period of exceptional growth, making up 16% of all consumed animal protein, or 119m tonnes annually, expected to increase to 152m tonnes by 2030. Wild stocks, are near or beyond their sustainable limit, resulting in an annual production shortfall of ca. 30m tonnes by 2030. Farmed seafood provides a clear, viable alternative and consumer demand can thus drive a striking growth in aquaculture, if current technological and regulatory barriers can be
overcome.
Currently marine aquaculture uses net-based open aquaculture systems (OAS) concentrating high numbers of fish in a confined area, leading to disease outbreaks (and transmission to wild stocks), pollution by fish sludge and chemicals used against diseases and algae growths, and from fish escapes, all threatening wild stocks and the local environment. The regulatory response varies but tends towards strict limits on production capacity, expected to tighten further in coming years, which, combined with the shortage of appropriate, sheltered in-shore seasites, act as a major barrier to further expansion and growth for European and global marine aquaculture.
To unlock aquaculture’s potential for Blue Growth and jobs creation, alternative technologies must be brought to market; technologies that limit or eliminate the environmental impact of OAS in a cost-efficient way to preserve the environment while boosting the competitiveness and profitability of European marine aquaculture by allowing expansion. With NEPTUN, we will bring to market a cost-effective, closed-cage aquaculture system that combines an impermeable and durable fibreglass enclosure with an innovative hatch technology, optimising day-to-day management and operational control. The durable construction eliminates fish escapes while enablning a far higher degree of control of pathogens thus significantly lowering the need for pharmaceuticals and pesticides as well as reducing the economic risks from disease outbreaks. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1038/s41570-016-0005 | Generation, manipulation and characterization of molecules by atomic force microscopy | Using atomic manipulation, one can dissociate, form and rearrange bonds, as well as alter the conformation or charge state of molecules. The molecular structures of reactants, intermediates and products are revealed at unprecedented resolution by using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and a suitably functionalized tip. Our present capabilities of manipulation and imaging of molecules by AFM approach the level of control predicted by Richard P. Feynman in his famous lecture There's plenty of room at the bottom', in which he described how molecules and materials might be formed by attaching and detaching individual atoms at will. In this Review, we discuss recent progress and the future prospects of molecule generation by atom manipulation and molecular characterization by AFM. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
Q2703115 | Support for the financing of working capital following the deterioration of the situation of the company as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic | The project aims to support the continuation of the business of a company that is in a situation of sudden shortage due to the COVID-19 outbreak. The applicant applies for grants to finance working capital and cover the running costs for a period of three months. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1007/s00220-013-1752-8 | Universal Finite Size Corrections and the Central Charge in Non-solvable Ising Models | We investigate a non-solvable two-dimensional ferromagnetic Ising model with nearest neighbor plus weak finite range interactions of strength λ. We rigorously establish one of the predictions of Conformal Field Theory (CFT), namely the fact that at the critical temperature the finite size corrections to the free energy are universal, in the sense that they are exactly independent of the interaction. The corresponding central charge, defined in terms of the coefficient of the first subleading term to the free energy, as proposed by Affleck and Blote-Cardy-Nightingale, is constant and equal to 1/2 for all 0 ≤ λ ≤ λ0 and λ 0 a small but finite convergence radius. This is one of the very few cases where the predictions of CFT can be rigorously verified starting from a microscopic non solvable statistical model. The proof uses a combination of rigorous renormalization group methods with a novel partition function inequality, valid for ferromagnetic interactions. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Mathematics"
]
|
W1983639150 | A study on surface slant encoding in V1 | Inter-ocular differences in spatial frequency occur during binocular viewing of a surface slanted in depth. Cortical cells with inter-ocular differences in preferred spatial frequency (dif-frequency cells) are expected to detect surfaces slanted in depth or vertical surface slant. Using our reaction-diffusion model, we obtain receptive fields and responses of simple cells in layer IV in cat V1. The dif-frequency cells in the model cortex have tilt in binocular receptive field but we show that tilt by itself does not indicate slant selectivity. We studied cell responses to binocular combination of spatial frequencies (SFs) by varying the SF ratio of the input gratings to the left and right eye in the range of 0.35 to 3. This range of SF ratio corresponds to surface slant variation of −85° to 85°. The mean binocular tuning hwhh (half width at half height) is 41°. Except for a small number (2.5%) of cells, most dif-frequency cells respond almost equally well for fronto-parallel surfaces. In the literature cells with inter-ocular difference in preferred orientation (IDPO) were expected to encode horizontal surface slant. In the model cat V1 mean hwhh in binocular orientation tuning curve for cells with IDPO is 39°. The wide binocular tuning width in dif-frequency cells and cells with IDPO imply that in cat V1 neither dif-frequency cells nor cells with IDPO detect surface slant. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1002/mrd.23341 | RS-1 enhances CRISPR-mediated targeted knock-in in bovine embryos | Targeted knock-in (KI) can be achieved in embryos by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-assisted homology directed repair (HDR). However, HDR efficiency is constrained by the competition of nonhomologous end joining. The objective of this study was to explore whether CRISPR-assisted targeted KI rates can be improved in bovine embryos by exposure to the HDR enhancer RS-1. In vitro produced zygotes were injected with CRISPR components (300 ng/µl Cas9 messenger RNA and 100 ng/µl single guide RNA against a noncoding region) and a single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) repair template (100 ng/µl). ssDNA template contained a 6 bp XbaI site insert, allowing targeted KI detection by restriction analysis, flanked by 50 bp homology arms. Following microinjection, zygotes were exposed to 0, 3. 75, or 7. 5 µM RS-1 for 24 hr. No differences were noted between groups in terms of development or genome edition rates. However, targeted KI rates were doubled in the group exposed to 7. 5 µM RS-1 compared to the others (52. 8% vs. 25% and 23. 1%, for 7. 5, 0, and 3. 75 µM, respectively). In conclusion, transient exposure to 7. 5 µM RS-1 enhances targeted KI rates resulting in approximately half of the embryos containing the intended mutation, hence allowing direct KI generation in embryos. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1002/cssc.201200766 | Novel process windows for enabling, accelerating, and uplifting flow chemistry | Novel Process Windows make use of process conditions that are far from conventional practices. This involves the use of high temperatures, high pressures, high concentrations (solvent-free), new chemical transformations, explosive conditions, and process simplification and integration to boost synthetic chemistry on both the laboratory and production scale. Such harsh reaction conditions can be safely reached in microstructured reactors due to their excellent transport intensification properties. This Review discusses the different routes towards Novel Process Windows and provides several examples for each route grouped into different classes of chemical and process-design intensification. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
313552 | The Architecture of Consciousness | The nature of consciousness is one of the great unsolved mysteries of science. Although the global research effort dedicated to explaining how consciousness arises from neural and cognitive activity is now more than two decades old, as yet there is no widely accepted theory of consciousness. One reason for why no adequate theory of consciousness has yet been found is that there is a lack of clarity about what exactly a theory of consciousness needs to explain. What is needed is thus a model of the general features of consciousness — a model of the ‘architecture’ of consciousness — that will systematize the structural differences between conscious states, processes and creatures on the one hand and unconscious states, processes and creatures on the other. The aim of this project is to remove one of the central impediments to the progress of the science of consciousness by constructing such a model.
A great many of the data required for this task already exist, but these data concern different aspects of consciousness and are distributed across many disciplines. As a result, there have been few attempts to develop a truly comprehensive model of the architecture of consciousness. This project will overcome the limitations of previous work by drawing on research in philosophy, psychology, psychiatry, and cognitive neuroscience to develop a model of the architecture of consciousness that is structured around five of its core features: its subjectivity, its temporality, its unity, its selectivity, and its dimensionality (that is, the relationship between the levels of consciousness and the contents of consciousness). By providing a comprehensive characterization of what a theory of consciousness needs to explain, this project will provide a crucial piece of the puzzle of consciousness, enabling future generations of researchers to bridge the gap between raw data on the one hand and a full-blown theory of consciousness on the other | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
10.1016/j.molcel.2011.07.027 | Life Span Extension and H2O2 Resistance Elicited by Caloric Restriction Require the Peroxiredoxin Tsa1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae | Caloric restriction (CR) extends the life span of organisms ranging from yeast to primates. Here, we show that the thiol-dependent peroxiredoxin Tsa1 and its partner sulfiredoxin, Srx1, are required for CR to extend the replicative life span of yeast cells. Tsa1 becomes hyperoxidized/inactive during aging, and CR mitigates such oxidation by elevating the levels of Srx1, which is required to reduce/reactivate hyperoxidized Tsa1. CR, by lowering cAMP-PKA activity, enhances Gcn2-dependent SRX1 translation, resulting in increased resistance to H 2O 2 and life span extension. Moreover, an extra copy of the SRX1 gene is sufficient to extend the life span of cells grown in high glucose concentrations by 20% in a Tsa1-dependent and Sir2-independent manner. The data demonstrate that Tsa1 is required to ensure yeast longevity and that CR extends yeast life span, in part, by counteracting age-induced hyperoxidation of this peroxiredoxin. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
683029 | Ultimate Angular Resolution Astrophysics with kernel-phase and full-aperture interferometry | Astronomy requires large telescopes to improve the sensitivity and the angular resolution of its observations. Of these qualities, angular resolution is the most difficult to maintain in the optical and near-infrared, since the atmosphere reduces it to that of a 10 cm aperture, regardless of the telescope size. On the one-hand, Adaptive Optics (AO) actively compensates for this effect but the improvement is often partial only. On the other hand, interferometric techniques (most notably sparse aperture masking interferometry) passively allow the extraction of self-calibrating observables, that boost the angular resolution, but severely affect the sensitivity of observations. A framework newly established by the PI of the proposal however now makes it possible to extract generalized self-calibrating observables called kernel-phases from conventional AO-corrected images. The work outlined in this proposal will make it possible to scientifically exploit the high angular resolution imaging capability of this technique, to improve its robustness and to expand its capabilities. The framework offers a very general purpose high angular resolution imaging tool for astronomers as well as wavefront control experts. This proposal is organized in five work-packages of increasing challenge that include: the reinterpretation of existing archival data
with a super-resolution capability, the expansion of its robustness to open up new more challenging use-cases, a special focus on the development of a very high-dynamic range mode, the adaptation of interferometric image reconstruction techniques, and the development of new advanced AO concepts. The consequences of this project will have a major impact on the design and scientific exploitation of future high angular resolution instrumentation on the existing generation of 8-10 meter class telescopes as well as on the upcoming generation of 30-40 meter giants, championned by Europe and its E-ELT. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1126/science.1204656 | A <sup>15</sup>N-poor isotopic composition for the solar system as shown by genesis solar wind samples | The Genesis mission sampled solar wind ions to document the elemental and isotopic compositions of the Sun and, by inference, of the protosolar nebula. Nitrogen was a key target element because the extent and origin of its isotopic variations in solar system materials remain unknown. Isotopic analysis of a Genesis Solar Wind Concentrator target material shows that implanted solar wind nitrogen has a 15N/14N ratio of 2. 18 ± 0. 02 × 10-3 (that is, ≈40% poorer in 15N relative to terrestrial atmosphere). The 15N/14N ratio of the protosolar nebula was 2. 27 ± 0. 03 × 10-3, which is the lowest 15N/14N ratio known for solar system objects. This result demonstrates the extreme nitrogen isotopic heterogeneity of the nascent solar system and accounts for the 15N-depleted components observed in solar system reservoirs. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
10.1016/j.actbio.2015.07.034 | Control of crosslinking for tailoring collagen-based scaffolds stability and mechanics | We provide evidence to show that the standard reactant concentrations used in tissue engineering to cross-link collagen-based scaffolds are up to 100 times higher than required for mechanical integrity in service, and stability against degradation in an aqueous environment. We demonstrate this with a detailed and systematic study by comparing scaffolds made from (a) collagen from two different suppliers, (b) gelatin (a partially denatured collagen) and (c) 50% collagen-50% gelatin mixtures. The materials were processed, using lyophilisation, to produce homogeneous, highly porous scaffolds with isotropic architectures and pore diameters ranging from 130 to 260 μm. Scaffolds were cross-linked using a carbodiimide treatment, to establish the effect of the variations in crosslinking conditions (down to very low concentrations) on the morphology, swelling, degradation and mechanical properties of the scaffolds. Carbodiimide concentration of 11. 5 mg/ml was defined as the standard (100%) and was progressively diluted down to 0. 1%. It was found that 10-fold reduction in the carbodiimide content led to the significant increase (almost 4-fold) in the amount of free amine groups (primarily on collagen lysine residues) without compromising mechanics and stability in water of all resultant scaffolds. The importance of this finding is that, by reducing cross-linking, the corresponding cell-reactive carboxylate anions (collagen glutamate or aspartate residues) that are essential for integrin-mediated binding remain intact. Indeed, a 10-fold reduction in carbodiimide crosslinking resulted in near native-like cell attachment to collagen scaffolds. We have demonstrated that controlling the degree of cross-linking, and hence retaining native scaffold chemistry, offers a major step forward in the biological performance of collagen- and gelatin-based tissue engineering scaffolds. Statement of Significance This work developed collagen and gelatine-based scaffolds with structural, material and biological properties suitable for use in myocardial tissue regeneration. The novelty and significance of this research consist in elucidating the effect of the composition, origin of collagen and crosslinking concentration on the scaffold physical and cell-binding characteristics. We demonstrate that the standard carbodiimide concentrations used to crosslink collagenous scaffolds are up to 100 times higher than required for mechanical integrity in service, and stability against dissolution. The importance of this finding is that, by reducing crosslinking, the corresponding cell-reactive carboxylate anions (essential for integrin-mediated binding) remain intact and the native scaffold chemistry is retained. This offers a major step forward in the biological performance of tissue engineered scaffolds. | [
"Materials Engineering",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1007/978-1-4614-9414-0_2 | Investigating Recursion Within A Domain Specific Framework | Recursion is a cognitive ability that has captured the interest of many theorists, due to its possible role in the development of specifically human behaviours, such as language, music and architecture. However, empirical investigation of recursion has been hindered by the lack of a consistent and consensual framework. In this paper, we propose a definition of recursion focused on which kinds of information individuals can represent and use it to make specific predictions about behavioural responses associated with the representation(s) of recursion. Furthermore, we suggest that recursion should not be assumed as a monolithic and encapsulated domain-specific module in absence of evidence to the contrary. Instead, empirically relevant definitions of recursion should be compatible with either domain specificity or domain generality, and further conclusions should follow and not precede empirical results. We conclude by reviewing recent results on the empirical investigation of visual recursion and discuss their relevance to the understanding of recursion in other domains such as in human language. | [
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
W1607774830 | Embracing leadership: a multi-faceted model of leader identity development | Purpose – Leadership development has been replete with a skill-based focus. However, learning and development can be constrained by the deeper level, hidden self-knowledge that influences how people process information and construct meaning. The purpose of this paper is to answer the question of how people construct and develop their leader identity. The authors intend to shed light on the critical facets of identity changes that occur as individuals grapple with existing understanding of the self and of leadership, transform them, and absorb new personalized notions of leadership into their identity, resulting in a higher level of confidence acting in the leadership domain. Design/methodology/approach – The authors conducted a grounded theory study of participants and their mentors in a lay leadership development program in a Catholic diocese. The authors inductively drew a conceptual model describing how leader identity evolves. Findings – The findings suggested that leader identity development was not a uni-dimensional event. Rather, it was a multi-faceted process that encompassed three key facets of identity development: expanding boundaries, recognizing interdependences, and discerning purpose. Further, it is the co-evolvement of these three facets and people’s broadening understanding of leadership that led to a more salient leader identity. Research limitations/implications – The model addresses the gap in literature on how leader identity develops specifically. It enriches and expands existing knowledge on leader identity development by answering the question of what specific changes are entailed when an individual constructs his or her identity as a leader. Practical implications – The findings could be used to guide leadership development professionals to build targeted learning activities around key components of leader identity development, diagnose where people are in their leadership journey, set personalized goals with them, and provide pointed feedback to learners in the process of developing their leader identity. Originality/value – The authors provide an in-depth and integrative account of the contents and mechanisms involved in the construction of the leader identity. The authors zero in on the critical transformations entailed in the process to establish and develop a leader identity. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
10.1080/17470218.2015.1136656 | Learning Faces From Variability | Research on face learning has tended to use sets of images that vary systematically on dimensions such as pose and illumination. In contrast, we have proposed that exposure to naturally varying ima. . . | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.30965/25890433-04801004 | Frieden schließen auf Konzilien? Zwei Beispiele aus dem vierten Jahrhundert | The essay examines two exemplary attempts to ‘make peace’ between rivaling theological factions in the middle of the fourth century. The negotiations conducted in Alexandria in 362, of which the Tomus ad Antiochenos provides a distillation, confirm the importance of exploring theological concepts and terminological preferences on all sides in order to find common ground. Conflicting loyalties ultimately fracture chances for an accord. The so-called second session of Rimini (359) – as presented by Jerome – reveals more clearly the crucial significance of establishing the legitimacy of any agreement in social and cultural as well as in intellectual terms. Former opponents present and perform the theological consensus achieved in a public display so that regained communion can be seen, heard and experienced. In the process the import of theological consent is amplified and transformed by ceremonial enactment into the celebratory demonstration of harmony and communality as well as a common mind. | [
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Texts and Concepts"
]
|
10.1109/TRO.2013.2289018 | Data Driven Grasp Synthesis A Survey | We review the work on data-driven grasp synthesis and the methodologies for sampling and ranking candidate grasps. We divide the approaches into three groups based on whether they synthesize grasps for known, familiar or unknown objects. This structure allows us to identify common object representations and perceptual processes that facilitate the employed data-driven grasp synthesis technique. In the case of known objects, we concentrate on the approaches that are based on object recognition and pose estimation. In the case of familiar objects, the techniques use some form of a similarity matching to a set of previously encountered objects. Finally for the approaches dealing with unknown objects, the core part is the extraction of specific features that are indicative of good grasps. Our survey provides an overview of the different methodologies and discusses open problems in the area of robot grasping. We also draw a parallel to the classical approaches that rely on analytic formulations. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
W4223950446 | Problematic donation procedures vs. futuristic research and treatment applications: A dichotomous social representation of stem cells in Italy | Currently, stem cells (SC) are one of the most studied issues of medical research as well as a widespread, complex, socially and ethically relevant issue. The general aim of the present study is to explore how social representations (SR) of SC is different for people more or less willing to donate SC, also comparing bone marrow SC (BMSC) donation and umbilical cord blood SC (UCBSC) donation. A paper-and-pencil survey was administrated to 78 Italian respondents. A structural analysis of SC-SRs (prototypical and co-occurrence analysis) was conducted comparing people with a high/low intention to donate UCBSC/BMSC. Similarly to other bioethically relevant issues, SR of SC seems to be ambivalent and dichotomously organized, with the donation procedure been a barrier. These results are in line with studies finding two sets of dichotomies: on the one hand, a gift-of-life/replacement-of-body-parts dichotomy coexisting within people's SR of organ donation; on the other hand, a help/pain and needle dichotomy within blood donation's SR. Directions for future research are suggested. Les cellules souches (CS) sont actuellement parmi les objets les plus étudiés par la recherche en médecine, en étant aussi un objet de recherche répandu, complexe et d’actualité au niveau social et éthique. L’objectif général de cette étude est l’exploration de la représentation sociale (RS) des CS parmi les personnes qui ont plus ou moins envie de donner des CS, en comparant aussi le don des CS de la moelle osseuse (CSMO) et le don des CS du sang du cordon ombilical (CSCO). Un questionnaire en format papier a été distribué à 78 participants italiens. Une analyse structurale de la RS des CS (analyse prototypique et des co-occurrences) a été réalisée, en comparant les participants avec haute/basse intention de donner CSMO/CSCO. De même que pour d’autres objets d’actualité au niveau bioéthique, la RS des SC semble être ambivalente et est organisée de façon dichotomique, avec la procédure de donation ayant un rôle de barrière. Ces résultats sont cohérents avec d’autres études retrouvant deux types de dichotomie : d’une part, une dichotomie don-de-vie/remplacement-de-parties-du-corps qui coexistent dans la RS du don d’organes, et d’autre part, une dichotomie aide/douleur-et-aiguilles existant dans la RS du don de sang. Des suggestions pour la recherche future sont indiquées. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
W1822914510 | Classification based on multi-classifier of SVM fusion for steel strip surface defects | Aiming at the existing problems in pattern recognition of surface defect images of steel strips, a new classification and recognition method based on multi-classifier of support vector machine (SVM) fusion is proposed to solve them. Firstly extracted the Hu invariant moment features, gray features and texture features, and devised SVM classifiers based on the different features and combination features to classify the defects. Then, using the majority voting procedure fused the defect classification results of these single classifiers based on three different features, compared with the results of the classifier based on combination features, if it is equal then the classification results is gotten, otherwise correcting results with the binary classifier. Experimental results demonstrated the fused features and combined classifiers are the definite improvement over non-fused features and single classifier, the classification rate is up to 98%. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Materials Engineering",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.5194/cp-15-1427-2019 | Impact of different estimations of the background-error covariance matrix on climate reconstructions based on data assimilation | Abstract. Data assimilation has been adapted in paleoclimatology to reconstruct past climate states. A key component of some assimilation systems is the background-error covariance matrix, which controls how the information from observations spreads into the model space. In ensemble-based approaches, the background-error covariance matrix can be estimated from the ensemble. Due to the usually limited ensemble size, the background-error covariance matrix is subject to the so-called sampling error. We test different methods to reduce the effect of sampling error in a published paleoclimate data assimilation setup. For this purpose, we conduct a set of experiments, where we assimilate early instrumental data and proxy records stored in trees, to investigate the effect of (1) the applied localization function and localization length scale; (2) multiplicative and additive inflation techniques; (3) temporal localization of monthly data, which applies if several time steps are estimated together in the same assimilation window. We find that the estimation of the background-error covariance matrix can be improved by additive inflation where the background-error covariance matrix is not only calculated from the sample covariance but blended with a climatological covariance matrix. Implementing a temporal localization for monthly resolved data also led to a better reconstruction. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Mathematics"
]
|
W2051674579 | Foreword: Eukaryotic DNA replication: is time of the essence? | The visionary studies of Watson and Crick (1953) first proposed a structure for DNA to suggest a ‘possible copying mechanism for the genetic material’. Ever since, cell biologists have marvelled at the mysteries by which this most fundamental process of cell proliferation is controlled. The importance of mechanisms that regulate DNA synthesis is selfevident, given the biological imperative to maintain genetic integrity from one cell generation to the next. Moreover, in order to preserve the genetic information, it is essential that synthesis is performed with absolute precision, as any errors might generate chromosomal defects, which can ultimately lead to cell transformation or death. As is often the case in biology, our desire to understand how a synthetic process might fail demands a molecular understanding of that process under normal conditions. In eukaryotes, a molecular description of the replication machinery and basic mechanisms that regulate synthesis have been developed using biochemical analysis of yeast (Waga and Stillman 1998) and Xenopus (Chong et al. 1995) extracts as model systems. These studies have elaborated the key components of the synthetic machinery, the make-up of the origin recognition complex that defines where synthesis can begin and the role of the MCM2-7 complex that acts to ‘license’ DNA for replication and ensure that each potential origin is only able to operate once per cell cycle. At this level, essentially, the same basic machinery is used throughout eukaryotes. However, while this basic synthetic machinery is now well characterised, many of the mechanisms that control the synthetic process remain enigmatic. This is particularly evident in higher eukaryotes, where increasing organismal complexity and associated increases in genome size place huge demands on the need to perform replication with absolute precision. In higher eukaryotes, epigenetic histone modifications that fix patterns of gene expression during cell specialisation must also be recapitulated during DNA synthesis. Perhaps as part of this process, the mammalian S phase is known to be organised in time so that gene-rich chromosomal R-bands are replicated early in S phase before synthesis of the gene-poor G-bands can begin (Drouin et al. 1994). Put in these simplistic terms, it is easy to see why a temporally structure S phase programme must be a fundamental feature of the eukaryotic S phase. Yet, despite this Chromosome Research (2010) 18:1–5 DOI 10.1007/s10577-009-9106-2 | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
184530 | Advanced design of very high power density piston engine and thermal management challenges for aircraft application | Danielson Engineering is an SME based in Magny Cours (France), SRC certified (Société de Recherche sous Contrat), specialising in the design, the optimisation, the manufacturing and experimental development of innovative engines for automotive and aeronautical applications (http://www.danielson-eng.fr/en/).
Danielson Engineering has departments such as Design Office, numerical simulation, Prototyping (foundry + machining) and test benches (engine benches, wind tunnel and component bench) which allows us to deal with any comprehensive development program on-site.
With our experience over the last 30 years, our expertise in the development of innovative engines, particularly for aeronautical applications, would ensure the success of the Clean Sky 2 Alternative Architecture Engine Research Project. All our departments will work together and in synergy on this program. Our structure incorporates all the necessary services for Danielson Engineering to accomplish the deliveries involved in this RIA.
In addition Danielson Engineering has already worked on development programs for diesel engines at very high power density for applications related to motorsport. Our knowledge in this field of high power density diesel engines gives us a significant advantage, because our experience will allow us to adapt technological ‘bricks’ that we have already developed in the framework of diesel engines destined for the aeronautical sector. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
W2901317293 | Adding a New Category of “Individual vs System” to the Economics | After the industrial revolution, the long-term
effort of resolving the threat of resource scarcity was accomplished globally
in the 1950s. However, the threat of environmental destruction was, and still
is, accumulating along the way. As mainstream economics is the main culprit of environmental
destruction, it cannot be expected also to be the correct solution.
Accordingly, it is suggested that a new category of “individual vs system”
should be added to the economics. As the inability of the mainstream
microeconomics to endogenise the environmental variable and to construct the
right foundation for microeconomic analyses can be remedied based on the
microeconomic natural laws within the new category, so too, can the
incapability to resolve the threat of environmental
destruction from the mainstream macroeconomics be reversed based on the macroeconomic
natural laws also within the new category. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1109/WACV.2017.142 | Switching Linear Inverse Regression Model For Tracking Head Pose | We propose to estimate the head-pose angles (pitch, yaw, and roll) by simultaneously predicting the pose parameters from observed high-dimensional feature vectors, and tracking these parameters over time. This is achieved by embedding a Gaussian mixture of linear inverse-regression model into a dynamic Bayesian model. The use of a switching Kalman filter (SKF) enables a principled way of carrying out this embedding. The SKF governs the temporal predictive distribution of the pose parameters (modeled as continuous latent variables) conditioned by the discrete variables associated with the mixture of linear inverse-regression formulation. We formally derive the equations of the proposed switching linear regression model, we propose an approximation that is both identifiable and computationally tractable, we design an EM procedure to estimate the SKF parameters in closed-form, and we carry out experiments and comparisons with other methods using recently released datasets. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1109/ISVLSI.2015.7 | Hybrid Stt Cmos Design Of An Interrupt Based Instant On Off Mechanism For Low Power Soc | This paper describes the design and the evaluation of a low-power System-on-Chip (SoC) in an advanced hybrid 40nm magnetic/CMOS technology node. Without external memory interface, the processor of the SoC benefits from a privileged access to the embedded NVM (Non-Volatile Memory), providing means for internal data storage and integrity thanks to its inherent non-volatility. Furthermore, a method based on an IRQ (Interrupt Request) controls the instant-on/off features of the SoC at assembler level through the use of NVM elements and improves the whole system in terms of power consumption and functionality enhancements, compared to an equivalent system relying on standard volatile memory blocks only. We discuss our simulation results on the basis of still image compression benchmarks at various data throughputs and show the benefits of NVM even for rather computation intensive algorithms. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
773067 | The Insect cochlea: a non-invasive path towards enhanced sound detectors | There is a critical need for high-resolution acoustic sensors for numerous applications in engineering/medicine. The human cochlea has been a source of inspiration for acoustic sensors due its improved sensitivity, higher frequency range, and sharp frequency discrimination. Current methods for measuring cochlear mechanics are inherently invasive, and deep understanding of its process remains elusive, proving challenging its simulation in electromechanical devices. Yet cochlear organ for frequency selectivity is not unique to mammalian audition. A simpler analogous mechanism for frequency analysis was recently found in the ears of bush-crickets (insects). These insects are endowed with outer middle and inner ear, but unlike mammals their cochlea is small (~0.6 mm), uncoiled, and exceptionally accessible through transparent cuticle. These attributes facilitate the clean measurements of complex auditory processes impossible to attain in the mammalian cochlea, and open an exceptional opportunity for miniaturization and simplification of artificial acoustic sensors.
Using bush-crickets and relatives as model systems this project is designed to fulfil the following two main objectives: (1) to dissect the three ear components to i) identify the elements involved in acute hearing sensitivity, ii) characterise the role of multiple sound inputs in directional hearing, iii) associate the activation patterns of auditory afferents with mechanical waves in the insect cochlea. (2) Use experimental data to produce computer models and theoretical analogues of the insect cochlea to propose innovative alternatives in the design of acoustic sensors. By using a multi-disciplinary approach between biology, engineering, physics and mathematics, this project is designed to develop new technological improvements that constitute the grounds of the next-generation of miniature, super-sensitive acoustic sensors. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1007/s00125-019-4919-9 | Paternal impact on the life course development of obesity and type 2 diabetes in the offspring | The aetiologies of obesity and type 2 diabetes are incredibly complex, but the potential role of paternal influences remains relatively understudied. A better understanding of paternal influences on offspring risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes could have profound implications for public health, clinical practice and society. In this review, we outline potential biological and social mechanisms through which fathers might exert an impact on the health of their offspring. We also present a systematically compiled overview of the current evidence linking paternal factors to offspring development of obesity and type 2 diabetes throughout the life course. Although evidence is accumulating to support paternal associations with offspring outcomes, more high-quality research is needed to overcome specific methodological challenges and provide stronger causal evidence. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1017/S1062798714000532 | Why Antimatter Matters | Almost ten years after the first production of cold antimatter at CERN, the confinement of antihydrogen has recently been achieved for the first time. Several experiments installed at the Antiproton Decelerator intend to test the symmetry between matter and antimatter by means of trapped anti-atoms. In addition, in the coming years it is planned to study the effect of gravity on antiparticles for the first time. Meanwhile, evidence from the Large Hadron Collider hinting at a violation of charge–parity symmetry beyond the Standard Model of particle physics has yet to be confirmed. A violation of the discrete symmetries that describe the relation between matter and antimatter could explain the excess of ordinary matter in the Universe. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
10.1038/s42003-019-0426-2 | 15-deoxy-Δ<sup>12,14</sup>-Prostaglandin J<inf>2</inf> inhibits human soluble epoxide hydrolase by a dual orthosteric and allosteric mechanism | Human soluble epoxide hydrolase (hsEH) is an enzyme responsible for the inactivation of bioactive epoxy fatty acids, and its inhibition is emerging as a promising therapeutical strategy to target hypertension, cardiovascular disease, pain and insulin sensitivity. Here, we uncover the molecular bases of hsEH inhibition mediated by the endogenous 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-Prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2). Our data reveal a dual inhibitory mechanism, whereby hsEH can be inhibited by reversible docking of 15d-PGJ2 in the catalytic pocket, as well as by covalent locking of the same compound onto cysteine residues C423 and C522, remote to the active site. Biophysical characterisations allied with in silico investigations indicate that the covalent modification of the reactive cysteines may be part of a hitherto undiscovered allosteric regulatory mechanism of the enzyme. This study provides insights into the molecular modes of inhibition of hsEH epoxy-hydrolytic activity and paves the way for the development of new allosteric inhibitors. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
GB 2009050586 W | WATER HEATING APPARATUS | Disclosed is a solar water heating apparatus comprising a central tank and one or more outer layerswherein at least part of the exterior of the outermost layer is adapted to be exposed to the sun. The outer layers also formwater pathways such that, when the tank is substantially filled with water, said water is able to circulate around a path formed by said central tank and the outer layers.A pulsing pump may help circulatethe water. An auxiliary heating element may be also provided, such as a small gas burner. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
US 2009/0040444 W | REINFORCED MEDICAL DEVICE | An apparatus and method for a medical implant having a reinforced medical implant body. In an embodiment of the invention, an apparatus includes a sheath, a conductive element, a distal electrode and a length limiting element. The conductive element has a proximal end and a distal end. The distal electrode can be coupled to the distal end of the conductive element. The sheath has a distal end, a proximal end and a length defined between the distal end and the proximal end. The sheath of the apparatus is configured to enclose at least a portion of the conductive element. The length limiting element has a distal end and a proximal end. The distal end of the length limiting element can be coupled to the distal end of the sheath and the proximal end of the length limiting element can be coupled to the proximal end of the sheath. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1088/1751-8113/44/45/454004 | Generic Multiloop Methods And Application To Cal N 4 Super Yang Mills | We review some recent additions to the tool-chest of techniques for finding compact integrand representations of multiloop gauge-theory amplitudes—including non-planar contributions—applicable for super-Yang–Mills in four and higher dimensions, as well as for theories with less supersymmetry. We discuss a general organization of amplitudes in terms of purely cubic graphs, review the method of maximal cuts, as well as some special D-dimensional recursive cuts, and conclude by describing the efficient organization of amplitudes resulting from the conjectured duality between color and kinematic structures on constituent graphs. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1107/S2053230X15007566 | Structure Of The Catalytic Domain Of Mre11 From Chaetomium Thermophilum | Together with the Rad50 ATPase, the Mre11 nuclease forms an evolutionarily conserved protein complex that plays a central role in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Mre11-Rad50 detects and processes DNA ends, and has functions in the tethering as well as the signalling of DSBs. The Mre11 dimer can bind one or two DNA ends or hairpins, and processes DNA endonucleolytically as well as exonucleolytically in the 3'-to-5' direction. Here, the crystal structure of the Mre11 catalytic domain dimer from Chaetomium thermophilum (CtMre11(CD)) is reported. CtMre11(CD) crystals diffracted to 2. 8 A resolution and revealed previously undefined features within the dimer interface, in particular fully ordered eukaryote-specific insertion loops that considerably expand the dimer interface. Furthermore, comparison with other eukaryotic Mre11 structures reveals differences in the conformations of the dimer and the capping domain. In summary, the results reported here provide new insights into the architecture of the eukaryotic Mre11 dimer. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
W2472758444 | Understanding Older Adult Use of Data Visualizations as a Resource for Maintaining Health and Wellness | To better understand how older adults use health visualizations and the potential barriers that impact utility, we conducted semistructured interviews with 21 older adults. Within these sessions, we presented participants with two interactive visualizations for exploration. Through an affinity mapping exercise, we extracted five key themes associated with how older adults utilize health visualizations and provide corresponding recommendations as points of consideration for designers developing older adult focused health visualizations. By examining how older adults perceive the utility of health visualizations, we lay the groundwork for design choices that impact eventual use and adoption of systems that generate data for such visualizations. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1002/chem.201705692 | Infrared Multiphoton Dissociation Spectroscopy with Free-Electron Lasers: On the Road from Small Molecules to Biomolecules | Infrared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD) spectroscopy is commonly used to determine the structure of isolated, mass-selected ions in the gas phase. This method has been widely used since it became available at free-electron laser (FEL) user facilities. Thus, in this Minireview, we examine the use of IRMPD/FEL spectroscopy for investigating ions derived from small molecules, metal complexes, organometallic compounds and biorelevant ions. Furthermore, we outline new applications of IRMPD spectroscopy to study biomolecules. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
EP 2022085540 W | METHOD FOR PRODUCING A DECORATIVE PRINT, METHOD FOR IMPRINTING A WORKPIECE, AND SYSTEM | The invention relates to a method for producing a decorative print, to a method for imprinting an (in particular panel-like) workpiece, and to a machine for imprinting an (in particular panel-like) workpiece. Methods of this type and a system of this type are used in particular in the sphere of the wood-processing industry. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1038/s41593-019-0479-z | Cell-type-specific profiling of brain mitochondria reveals functional and molecular diversity | Mitochondria vary in morphology and function in different tissues; however, little is known about their molecular diversity among cell types. Here we engineered MitoTag mice, which express a Cre recombinase-dependent green fluorescent protein targeted to the outer mitochondrial membrane, and developed an isolation approach to profile tagged mitochondria from defined cell types. We determined the mitochondrial proteome of the three major cerebellar cell types (Purkinje cells, granule cells and astrocytes) and identified hundreds of mitochondrial proteins that are differentially regulated. Thus, we provide markers of cell-type-specific mitochondria for the healthy and diseased mouse and human central nervous systems, including in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Alzheimer’s disease. Based on proteomic predictions, we demonstrate that astrocytic mitochondria metabolize long-chain fatty acids more efficiently than neuronal mitochondria. We also characterize cell-type differences in mitochondrial calcium buffering via the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (Mcu) and identify regulator of microtubule dynamics protein 3 (Rmdn3) as a determinant of endoplasmic reticulum–mitochondria proximity in Purkinje cells. Our approach enables exploring mitochondrial diversity in many in vivo contexts. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
W2090613515 | Commentary: new development goals must focus on social determinants of health | Although the millennium development goals (MDGs) addressed some of the starkest manifestations of the contemporary global health crisis, they failed to confront the underlying structures that maintain the crisis, including globalisation. In reflecting on the post-2015 development agenda,1 we need to challenge some key assumptions about the genesis and effect of the current goals.
Much of the discourse around the MDGs since 2000 has suggested that attainment would be secured by creating a global partnership for development (goal 8) and would require “more of the same,” including increased development assistance. An alternative interpretation is that both the goals and the increased development assistance since 2000 were motivated, at least in part, by the need to shore up the legitimacy of what was … | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
171862 | Reducing empiricism in luminescence geochronology: understanding the origins of luminescence from individual sand grains | Sediments preserve a history of the evolution of the Earth’s surface and its response to a changing climate – a history that can only be read reliably if we know the age of the sediments. Luminescence dating is widely used in quaternary geology and archaeology, and is applicable to almost all sediments from the last 0.5 Ma – it dates the last time the sediment grains were exposed to daylight. RELOS will improve the reliability of luminescence dating by determining the sources of unexpected spread (over-dispersion) in measured doses derived from sand-sized grains. New hypotheses concerning charge imbalance, charge transport and dose calibration of luminescence signals will be tested by: (i) quantifying the effect of grain size and irradiation geometry/quality on grain-to-grain dose dispersion, and particularly the importance of charge particle equilibrium at these scales; (ii) quantifying dispersion arising from grain-to-grain variations in environmental dose rate; (iii) developing measurement procedures giving the same luminescence response per unit dose as in nature; (iv) developing a dispersion budget and new conceptual/numerical models for luminescence production based on (i) to (iii); and (v) testing the results of these investigations using well-defined natural samples. This project investigates fundamental issues of charge (de)trapping and recombination at small scales that have been completely ignored in previous studies, and problems of luminescence response that are sidestepped in the literature, in part by the unsatisfactory approach of arbitrary data rejection. These studies will result in major improvements in our understanding of the small-scale dosimetry of mixed radiation fields and a step change in the reliability of single-grain luminescence ages. The project links these fundamental studies to clear outcomes of considerable potential value to a variety of fields including earth sciences, archaeology and palaeoanthropology. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
10.3390/cells9061390 | A Proximity Mapping Journey into the Biology of the Mammalian Centrosome/Cilium Complex | The mammalian centrosome/cilium complex is composed of the centrosome, the primary cilium and the centriolar satellites, which together regulate cell polarity, signaling, proliferation and motility in cells and thereby development and homeostasis in organisms. Accordingly, deregulation of its structure and functions is implicated in various human diseases including cancer, developmental disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. To better understand these disease connections, the molecular underpinnings of the assembly, maintenance and dynamic adaptations of the centrosome/cilium complex need to be uncovered with exquisite detail. Application of proximity-based labeling methods to the centrosome/cilium complex generated spatial and temporal interaction maps for its components and provided key insights into these questions. In this review, we first describe the structure and cell cycle-linked regulation of the centrosome/cilium complex. Next, we explain the inherent biochemical and temporal limitations in probing the structure and function of the centrosome/cilium complex and describe how proximity-based labeling approaches have addressed them. Finally, we explore current insights into the knowledge we gained from the proximity mapping studies as it pertains to centrosome and cilium biogenesis and systematic characterization of the centrosome, cilium and centriolar satellite interactomes. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1038/s41589-019-0443-y | A tunable orthogonal coiled-coil interaction toolbox for engineering mammalian cells | Protein interactions guide most cellular processes. Orthogonal hetero-specific protein–protein interaction domains may facilitate better control of engineered biological systems. Here, we report a tunable de novo designed set of orthogonal coiled-coil (CC) peptide heterodimers (called the NICP set) and its application for the regulation of diverse cellular processes, from cellular localization to transcriptional regulation. We demonstrate the application of CC pairs for multiplex localization in single cells and exploit the interaction strength and variable stoichiometry of CC peptides for tuning of gene transcription strength. A concatenated CC peptide tag (CCC-tag) was used to construct highly potent CRISPR–dCas9-based transcriptional activators and to amplify the response of light and small molecule-inducible transcription in cell culture as well as in vivo. The NICP set and its implementations represent a valuable toolbox of minimally disruptive modules for the recruitment of versatile functional domains and regulation of cellular processes for synthetic biology. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering"
]
|
10.1162/JEEA.2009.7.1.206 | Herd Behavior In Financial Markets An Experiment With Financial Market Professionals | We study herd behavior in a laboratory financial market with financial market professionals. An important novelty of the experimental design is the use of a strategy-like method. This allows us to detect herd behavior directly by observing subjects' decisions for all realizations of their private signal. In the paper, we compare two treatments: one in which the price adjusts to the order flow in such away that herding should never occur, and one in which the presence of event uncertainty makes herding possible. In the first treatment, subjects seldom herd, in accordance with both the theory and previous experimental evidence on student subjects. A proportion of subjects, however, engage in contrarianism, something not accounted for by the theory. In the second treatment, the proportion of herding decisions increases, but not as much as the theory would suggest. Moreover, contrarianism disappears altogether. In both treatments, in contrast with what theory predicts, subjects sometimes prefer to abstain from trading, which affects the process of price discovery negatively. (JEL: C92, D82, G14) | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1016/j.jasrep.2019.102077 | Livestock production, politics and trade: A glimpse from Iron Age and Roman Languedoc | Mobility is crucial in animal husbandry to overcome scarcity of food and the related over-grazing of pastures. It is also essential to reduce the inbreeding rate of animal populations, which is known to have a negative impact on fertility and productivity. Complex societies with a strong territorial component developed during the Iron Age in Southern France and across Europe. The impact of this phenomenon over animal husbandry is not yet fully understood, but a general small size of animals is attested in different parts of Europe at that time. This paper presents the main zooarchaeological results (main domesticates species representation, mortality profiles, osteometry, pathologies) of two major Iron Age sites in Languedoc – La Monédière (Bessan) and Lattara (Lattes). In addition, the strontium isotopic ratios (87Sr/86Sr) of 44 sheep and 16 cattle teeth from these sites are provided together with some baseline isotopic data. La Monédière and Lattara represent good case studies to characterise the geographic range of meat provisioning in coastal urban centres in the mid Iron Age (6th–4th c. BC). Their archaeological record enables us to analyse whether different species may have had different mobility patterns. In addition the strontium ratios of 4 Roman cattle from these sites were analysed for comparative purposes. The results are contextualised with other archaeological and zooarchaeological data from Languedoc and neighbour Catalonia, and suggest that the socio-political context has a major influence on animal production. | [
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1364/OE.25.029687 | Optical Peregrine Rogue Waves Of Self Induced Transparency In A Resonant Erbium Doped Fiber | The resonant interaction of an optical field with two-level doping ions in a cryogenic optical fiber is investigated within the framework of nonlinear Schrodinger and Maxwell-Bloch equations. We present explicit fundamental rational rogue wave solutions in the context of self-induced transparency for the coupled optical and matter waves. It is exhibited that the optical wave component always features a typical Peregrine-like structure, while the matter waves involve more complicated yet spatiotemporally balanced amplitude distribution. The existence and stability of these rogue waves is then confirmed by numerical simulations, and they are shown to be excited amid the onset of modulation instability. These solutions can also be extended, using the same analytical framework, to include higher-order dispersive and nonlinear effects, highlighting their universality. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Mathematics"
]
|
W2487059353 | A Networks Approach to Modeling Enzymatic Reactions | Modeling enzymatic reactions is a demanding task due to the complexity of the system, the many degrees of freedom involved and the complex, chemical, and conformational transitions associated with the reaction. Consequently, enzymatic reactions are not determined by precisely one reaction pathway. Hence, it is beneficial to obtain a comprehensive picture of possible reaction paths and competing mechanisms. By combining individually generated intermediate states and chemical transition steps a network of such pathways can be constructed. Transition networks are a discretized representation of a potential energy landscape consisting of a multitude of reaction pathways connecting the end states of the reaction. The graph structure of the network allows an easy identification of the energetically most favorable pathways as well as a number of alternative routes. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
203481 | Understanding the structure and stability of heavy and superheavy elements | The aim of the project is to further our understanding of the structure and stability of atomic nuclei at the extreme upper end of the chart of the nuclides. One of the major goals of contemporary Nuclear Physics experiments is to locate and chart the fabled superheavy element ""Island of Stability"". Experiments which aim to directly produce the heaviest elements may provide only a limited number of observables, such as decay modes or half-lives. Detailed Nuclear Structure investigations provide extensive data which can be used as a stringent test of modern self-consistent theories. Such theories require input from the study of nuclei with extreme proton-to-neutron ratios. The upper part of the chart of the nuclides is one region in which this data is much sought after. The project will employ state-of-the-art spectrometers at the Accelerator Laboratory of the University of Jyväskylä, Finland (JYFL) to acquire such data. The spectrometers are part of a multi-national collaboration of European institutes. Results obtained in the course of the project will have a direct impact on current nuclear structure theories. The unique nature of the facilities at JYFL means that it will be impossible to obtain data of comparable quality elsewhere in the world. The project should yield a large number of publications and result in the training of several Ph.D students. The students will benefit from the fact that the Accelerator Laboratory is part of a large and well-respected University. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
10.1007/978-3-030-01845-0_140 | Depression Modulates Attentional Processing After Stroke | Depression is a common sequela after stroke and has severe implications on a patient’s life. Post-stroke depression has been linked to cognitive impairment, but the mechanisms that lead to this deficit are not well understood. We tested 18 chronic stroke patients with depression in a psychophysical task to evaluate their attentional processing under varying cognitive loads. We found that the level of depression had no effect on the unconscious, bottom-up components of attentional processing but did influence the top-down ones. These results support the notion that depression might act like an additional cognitive load, impeding the conscious processes and responses although the information has been unconsciously processed. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
W2122393640 | A New Additive Homomorphic Encryption based on the co-ACD Problem | We propose an efficient additive homomorphic encryption scheme. In our scheme, an encryption of a message is simply its noisy modular reduction by several different moduli. The security of our scheme relies on the hardness of a new problem, the co-Approximate Common Divisor problem. We analyze its hardness by applying all known attacks and devising dedicated attacks. These analyses are not complete, but give sufficiently plausible evidence for the hardness of this new problem. Our scheme has an advantage in the performance since both of encryption and decryption consist of only several modular multiplications where a modulus is a hard-to-factor integer N or its prime factor, whereas the previous require more expensive modular exponentiations. In fact, our rudimentary implementation demonstrates that our public-key encryption scheme requires about 0.72ms, 4.00μs and 0.40μs for encryption, decryption and an addition of ciphertexts, respectively. It also takes about 40μs to compute an encryption of the mean of 1000 integers of 128-bit from their ciphertexts. To the best of our knowledge, our encryption scheme is the most efficient of those that support an additive homomorphic property. As an application of additive homomorphic encryption, we present how to efficiently evaluate a symmetric polynomial by additionally providing ciphertexts of some powers of messages. We also present a threshold version of our encryption scheme for smooth adoption of our scheme to advanced applications such as private set operations. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Mathematics"
]
|
281854 | Hypothalamic Lipotoxicity and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress: a New Pathophysiological Mechanism of Obesity | It is well established that metabolically relevant organs such as adipose tissue, pancreatic beta cells, liver and skeletal muscle develop endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress under conditions of obesity induced lipotoxicity. Here, the applicant will investigate if/how the hypothalamus is affected by lipotoxicity and ER stress in the context of obesity
* Scientific Hypotheses:
1. Obesity is associated with lipotoxicity and ER stress in the hypothalamus.
2. Hypothalamic ER stress may contribute to the development of obesity through dysregulation of the mechanisms controlling energy balance.
3. Based on our preliminary data, we hypothesize that CHOP, a mediator of ER stress, could be a key modulator of the association between obesity and ER dysfunction in the hypothalamus.
* General Objective: to determine the relevance of hypothalamic lipotoxicity and ER stress for the development of obesity and whether targeting ER stress mechanisms is a successful therapeutic strategy to prevent or revert obesity and its metabolic complications.
* Specific Objectives:
1. To determine whether obesity and the metabolic syndrome are associated with hypothalamic lipotoxicity, ER stress and whether these effects are hypothalamic nuclei specific
2. To determine whether primary hypothalamic ER stress is a cause of altered energy balance leading to obesity and metabolic complications
3. To determine whether in the context of obesity inhibition of ER stress in hypothalamus affects energy balance and obesity associated metabolic complications
4. To determine the role of CHOP on energy balance and obesity in specific hypothalamic neuronal populations
This project is central to the applicant’s goal of understanding how the hypothalamus regulates energy balance under physiological and pathophysiological conditions, as an essential step towards identifying and developing novel molecular drug targets to tackle the problem of obesity and their metabolic complications. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
883578 | Intelligent prosthesis system | Phantom pain and the risk of falling are the two major unsolved problems of leg and foot amputees. The Austrian company Saphenus Medical Technology is developing a sensory feedback system (IPS) that solves these two problems. The novelty of IPS is the «feeling prosthesis» for the leg: The authentic capturing of the gait image represents a breakthrough innovation which does not exist in the global market so far. The key market application of IPS is cost-efficient, affordable, and an optimized care for amputees. The factor of pain in the form of phantom, neuroma or stump pain puts more than 50 percent of the amputees under pressure, and more than 2 million people throughout Europe are affected by a loss of their limbs. Saphenus brings to market a prosthesis solution that reduces or makes disappear phantom pains and brings cost savings of 50-85% to existing models. Social and health insurance institutions have recognized the socio-economic benefits of this breakthrough innovation of a direct cost saving of more than EUR 24,000 per year per pain-induced prosthesis wearers. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1137/140998846 | Pricing On Paths A Ptas For The Highway Problem | In the highway problem, we are given an $n$-edge path graph (the highway), and a set of paths (the drivers), each one with its own budget. For a given assignment of edge weights (the tolls), the highway owner collects from each driver the weight of the associated path, when it does not exceed the budget of the driver, and zero otherwise. The goal is to choose weights so as to maximize the profit. A lot of research has been devoted to this apparently simple problem. The highway problem was shown to be strongly $\mathbf{NP}$-hard only recently [K. M. Elbassioni et al. , in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Algorithmic Game Theory (SAGT), 2009, pp. 275--286]. The best-known approximation is $O(\log n/\log\log n)$ [I. Gamzu and D. Segev, in Proceedings of the International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programming (ICALP), 2010, pp. 582--593], which improves on the previous best $O(\log n)$ approximation [M. -F. Balcan and A. Blum, in Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Electronic Commerce,. . . | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1038/ncomms6639 | Enrichment of CD56<sup>dim</sup>KIR+CD57+ highly cytotoxic NK cells in tumour-infiltrated lymph nodes of melanoma patients | An important checkpoint in the progression of melanoma is the metastasis to lymph nodes. Here, to investigate the role of lymph node NK cells in disease progression, we analyze frequency, phenotype and functions of NK cells from tumour-infiltrated (TILN) and tumour-free ipsilateral lymph nodes (TFLN) of the same patients. We show an expansion of CD56dimCD57dimCD69+CCR7+KIR+ NK cells in TILN. TILN NK cells display robust cytotoxic activity against autologous melanoma cells. In the blood of metastatic melanoma patients, the frequency of NK cells expressing the receptors for CXCL8 receptor is increased compared with healthy subjects, and blood NK cells also express the receptors for CCL2 and IL-6. These factors are produced in high amount in TILN and in vitro switch the phenotype of blood NK cells from healthy donors to the phenotype associated with TILN. Our data suggest that the microenvironment of TILN generates and/or recruits a particularly effective NK cell subset. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1111/ele.13196 | Pyramids and cascades: a synthesis of food chain functioning and stability | Food chain theory is one of the cornerstones of ecology, providing many of its basic predictions, such as biomass pyramids, trophic cascades and predator–prey oscillations. Yet, ninety years into this theory, the conditions under which these patterns may occur and persist in nature remain subject to debate. Rather than address each pattern in isolation, we propose that they must be understood together, calling for synthesis in a fragmented landscape of theoretical and empirical results. As a first step, we propose a minimal theory that combines the long-standing energetic and dynamical approaches of food chains. We chart theoretical predictions on a concise map, where two main regimes emerge: across various functioning and stability metrics, one regime is characterised by pyramidal patterns and the other by cascade patterns. The axes of this map combine key physiological and ecological variables, such as metabolic rates and self-regulation. A quantitative comparison with data sheds light on conflicting theoretical predictions and empirical puzzles, from size spectra to causes of trophic cascade strength. We conclude that drawing systematic connections between various existing approaches to food chains, and between their predictions on functioning and stability, is a crucial step in confronting this theory to real ecosystems. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
W2119217901 | Remanufacturing Technology Innovation for Second-Hand Computer | The volume tendency of in-use and second-hand computers in China were analyzed, the emerging danger of second-hand computers by incorrect treatment was summarized, the integration disposal technologies based on remanufacture and reuse technology aiming at monitors, electronic devices, metals, plastics materials, and overall computers were put forward, the economic and social benefits were also analyzed. The results show that the integration disposal process of second-hand computer is an optimum approach to save the resource of electromechanical products. Remanufacturing and disposal 100 thousands second-hand computers per year could create profits about ￥10 millions and provide employment for 300 persons. It can be deduced that there are great potential opportunities for the second-hand computers disposal industry containing recycle, remanufacture and reuse engineering. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1103/PhysRevX.6.041015 | Binary Black Hole Mergers in the First Advanced LIGO Observing Run | The first observational run of the Advanced LIGO detectors, from September 12, 2015 to January 19, 2016, saw the first detections of gravitational waves from binary black hole mergers. In this paper, we present full results from a search for binary black hole merger signals with total masses up to 100M· and detailed implications from our observations of these systems. Our search, based on general-relativistic models of gravitational-wave signals from binary black hole systems, unambiguously identified two signals, GW150914 and GW151226, with a significance of greater than 5s over the observing period. It also identified a third possible signal, LVT151012, with substantially lower significance and with an 87% probability of being of astrophysical origin. We provide detailed estimates of the parameters of the observed systems. Both GW150914 and GW151226 provide an unprecedented opportunity to study the two-body motion of a compact-object binary in the large velocity, highly nonlinear regime. We do not observe any deviations from general relativity, and we place improved empirical bounds on several highorder post-Newtonian coefficients. From our observations, we infer stellar-mass binary black hole merger rates lying in the range 9-240 Gpc-3 yr-1. These observations are beginning to inform astrophysical predictions of binary black hole formation rates and indicate that future observing runs of the Advanced detector network will yield many more gravitational-wave detections. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
185477 | Sharing researchers’ passion for engagement and responsibility | Researchers love to engage with nature, society, with future and ultimately with all the complex challenges that will allow them to contribute to a better world. Researchers also love to engage with other people to make the quest they’re involved in a collective endeavour. All this make researchers persons passionate for engagement who are developing a growing sense of responsibility related to their work and their role in society. In such a professional life researchers experience strong driving forces such as enthusiasm, emotions, combined with new knowledge and innovative discoveries. All these elements are summarized in the acronym SHARPER - Sharing Researchers’ Passion for Engagement and Responsibility the name of the European Researchers’ Night in the Centre and South of Italy that will take place on the 30th of September 2016 and on the 29th of September 2017 simultaneously in five cities: Perugia, L’Aquila, Ancona and Palermo – the four capital cities of the regions Marche, Umbria, Abruzzo, Sicily and in Cascina the city hosting the European Gravitational Observatory one of the cutting edge European research facilities. This network of cities combined with their Research Institutions and with their social and cultural actors provides a team of excellence and reliability both in the fields of research and science communication at national and international level. The SHARPER project will create effective communication bridges between researchers and the cities and communities they live and act within, through: street labs, exhibitions, performances in city squares or activities that will take place in focal city venues, where citizens use to spend their everyday life. SHARPER 2016-2017 will geographically broaden the impact of the communication actions of European Researchers’ Night in Italy massively engaging kids, young students, schools, associations and citizens at large actively involved by researchers since the planning phase of the activities. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
W2096630086 | Size-fractionated PM10 monitoring in relation to the contribution of endotoxins in different polluted areas | Abstract Particulate pollution is an environmental concern that is widespread and difficult to resolve. Recently various regulatory improvements around the world have been agreed upon to tackle this problem, especially as related to the fine fraction of particulates, which more closely correlates to human health effects than other fractions. The size-fractionation of inhalable particles and their organic composition represent a new area of research that has been poorly explored thus far. Endotoxins are a type of natural organic compound that can be found in particulate matter. They are correlated with Gram-negative bacterial contamination. Health outcomes associated with exposure to these toxins are not specific and often overlap with the health effects of PM (Particulate Matter) exposure, including asthma, bronchitis, acute respiratory distress syndrome and organic dust toxic syndrome. Very little information is available on the endotoxin distribution in different PM10 size fractions. This study examined PM10 size fractions and their endotoxin content. Sampling was conducted at five different locations: one urban, two rural and two rural sites that were highly influenced by large-scale farm animal production facilities. For each location, six different PM10 fractions were evaluated. PM10 sub-fractions were categorised as follows: PM10–7.2 (1.15–31.30 μg m−3); PM7.2–3.0 (1.86–30.73 μg m−3); PM3.0–1.5 (1.74–13.90 μg m−3); PM1.5–0.95 (0.24–10.57 μg m−3); PM0.95–0.49 (1.22–14.33 μg m−3) and PM | [
"Earth System Science",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
EP 2008003836 W | METHOD FOR PRODUCING A WOVEN FABRIC AND WOVEN FABRIC PRODUCED THEREBY | The invention relates to a method for producing a woven fabric (8, 9), the woven fabric (8, 9) comprising at least one monofil or monofil-like weft thread made of highly shrinkable material and warp threads made of low-shrinkage material, characterized in that at least one multifil weft thread (18, 19) running in the same shed is woven together with the at least one monofil or monofil-like weft thread (1, 2) during the weaving process. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
174859 | Mechanisms of auxin-dependent signaling in the endoplasmic reticulum | The phytohormone auxin has profound importance for plant development. The extracellular AUXIN BINDING PROTEIN1 (ABP1) and the nuclear AUXIN F-BOX PROTEINs (TIR1/AFBs) auxin receptors perceive fast, non-genomic and slow, genomic auxin responses, respectively. Despite the fact that ABP1 mainly localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), until now it has been proposed to be active only in the extracellular matrix (reviewed in Sauer and Kleine-Vehn, 2011). Just recently, ABP1 function was also linked to genomic responses, modulating TIR1/AFB-dependent processes (Tromas et al., 2013). Intriguingly, the genomic effect of ABP1 appears to be at least partially independent of the endogenous auxin indole 3-acetic acid (IAA) (Paque et al., 2014).
In this proposal my main research objective is to unravel the importance of the ER for genomic auxin responses. The PIN-LIKES (PILS) putative carriers for auxinic compounds also localize to the ER and determine the cellular sensitivity to auxin. PILS5 gain-of-function reduces canonical auxin signaling (Barbez et al., 2012) and phenocopies abp1 knock down lines (Barbez et al., 2012, Paque et al., 2014). Accordingly, a PILS-dependent substrate could be a negative regulator of ABP1 function in the ER. Based on our unpublished data, an IAA metabolite could play a role in ABP1-dependent processes in the ER, possibly providing feedback on the canonical nuclear IAA-signaling.
I hypothesize that the genomic auxin response may be an integration of auxin- and auxin-metabolite-dependent nuclear and ER localized signaling, respectively. This proposed project aims to characterize a novel auxin-signaling paradigm in plants. We will employ state of the art interdisciplinary (biochemical, biophysical, computational modeling, molecular, and genetic) methods to assess the projected research. The identification of the proposed auxin conjugate-dependent signal could have far reaching plant developmental and biotechnological importance. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
W2059904277 | Preliminary radiological safety assessment for decommissioning of thoria dissolver of the 233U pilot plant, Trombay | The thoria dissolver, used for separation of (233)U from reactor-irradiated thorium metal and thorium oxide rods, is no longer operational. It was decided to carry out assessment of the radiological status of the dissolver cell for planning of the future decommissioning/dismantling operations. The dissolver interiors are expected to be contaminated with the dissolution remains of irradiated thorium oxide rods in addition to some of the partially dissolved thoria pellets. Hence, (220)Rn, a daughter product of (228)Th is of major radiological concern. Airborne activity of thoron daughters (212)Pb (Th-B) and (212)Bi (Th-C) was estimated by air sampling followed by high-resolution gamma spectrometry of filter papers. By measuring the full-energy peaks counts in the energy windows of (212)Pb, (212)Bi and (208)Tl, concentrations of thoron progeny in the sampled air were estimated by applying the respective intrinsic peak efficiency factors and suitable correction factors for the equilibration effects of (212)Pb and (212)Bi in the filter paper during the delay between sampling and counting. Then the thoron working level (TWL) was evaluated using the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) methodology. Finally, the potential effective dose to the workers, due to inhalation of thoron and its progeny during dismantling operations was assessed by using dose conversion factors recommended by ICRP. Analysis of filter papers showed a maximum airborne thoron progeny concentration of 30 TWLs inside the dissolver. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.11141/ia.42.5 | Lithic residue survival and characterisation at star carr: A burial experiment | A modern burial experiment was devised to test microscopic residue survival in acidic peat and slightly acidic clay soils at the Early Mesolithic site of Star Carr (North Yorkshire, UK), and at nearby control location. The experiment addresses concerns regarding the applicability of residue analysis in varied burial environments, and particularly in highly acidic archaeological conditions. Flint flakes (n= 78, including blank controls) were used on twelve plant, animal, and mineral materials to create residues and then buried. The residues were examined 1 month and 11 months after burial. An unburied reference collection containing the same twelve residue types in a fresh state was compared to the buried residues to assess diagenesis. The residue types that survived across all burial conditions and time intervalswere: softwood tissue, tree resin, bird feathers, squirrel hair, and red ochre. During microscopic analysis, it became clear that many residues lack diagnostic traits, and thus an assessment of the extent to which each residue can be identified was conducted. The degree to which residues were able to be identified was further investigated with a variable pressure scanning electron microscope (SEM). SEM images of the reference residues were compared to the reflected VLM micrographs of the same residues, which improved characterisation in some cases. Residues were grouped into three categories (diagnostic, distinctive, and nondistinctive) within a visual characterisation guide. Our in situ microscopic analyses indicated that few residue types have diagnostic traits that allow them to be identified unambiguously, and thus further characterisation techniques are often required. | [
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.3389/fphys.2019.00891 | CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing introduction and optimization in the non-model insect Pyrrhocoris apterus | The CRISPR/Cas9 technique is widely used in experimentation with human cell lines as well as with other model systems, such as mice Mus musculus, zebrafish Danio reiro, and the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. However, publications describing the use of CRISPR/Cas9 for genome editing in non-model organisms, including non-model insects, are scarce. The introduction of this relatively new method presents many problems even for experienced researchers, especially with the lack of procedures to tackle issues concerning the efficiency of mutant generation. Here we present a protocol for efficient genome editing in the non-model insect species Pyrrhocoris apterus. We collected data from several independent trials that targeted several genes using the CRISPR/Cas9 system and determined that several crucial optimization steps led to a remarkably increased efficiency of mutant production. The main steps are as follows: the timing of embryo injection, the use of the heteroduplex mobility assay as a screening method, in vivo testing of sgRNA efficiency, and G0 germline mosaicism screening. The timing and the method of egg injections used here need to be optimized for other species, but other here-described optimization solutions can be applied immediately for genome editing in other insect species. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
615089 | Crystal channeling to extract a high energy hadron beam from an accelerator | A new generation of parasitic beam extraction of high energy particles from an accelerator is proposed in CRYSBEAM. Instead of massive magnetic kickers, bent thin crystals trapping particles within the crystal lattice planes are used. This type of beam manipulation opens new fields of investigation of fundamental interactions between particles and of coherent interactions between particles and matter. An experiment in connection to Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays study in Earth’s high atmosphere can be conducted.
Several TeV energy protons or ions are deflected towards a chosen target by the bent lattice planes only when the lattice planes are parallel to the incoming particles direction.
The three key ingredients of CRYSBEAM are:
- a goniometer based on piezoelectric devices that orients a bent finely-polished low-miscut silicon crystal with a high resolution and repeatability, monitoring its position with synthetic diamond sensors. Novel procedures in crystal manufacturing & testing and cutting-edge mechanical solutions for motion technology in vacuum are developed;
- a silica screen that measures the deflected particles via Cherenkov radiation emission in micrometric optical waveguides. These are obtained with an ultra-short laser micro-machining technique as for photonic devices used in quantum optics and quantum computing. The screen is a direct beam-imaging detector for a high radiation dose environment;
- a smart absorber, which simulates the Earth’s atmosphere, where particles are smashed and secondary showers are initiated. This sets the path to measure hadronic cross sections at an energy relevant for cosmic rays investigation.
The R&D for the various components of such a system are carried out within this project and direct tests at CERN Super Proton Synchrotron to be performed prior to the final installation in the Large Hadron Collider at CERN are proposed. A new concept of particle accelerator operations will be finally set in place. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Universe Sciences",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
241196 | Cooperation among strangers: experiments with social norms, institutions, and money | We focus on understanding norms, behavioral traits, and institutions that can promote cooperation in societies of strangers. Many economic interactions in modern societies are among anonymous individuals who meet occasionally and do not know each others' history. While cooperation in social dilemma situations among partners is easier to achieve, this project aims to understand what makes mutually advantageous transactions possible among strangers. We employ a rigorous theoretical approach to define issues and design experimental studies. This project is articulated into three parts. Part one aims to measure the norms of cooperation among strangers absent any formal institution. Part two assesses the impact of specific monitoring, communication, commitment, and other institutions in promoting cooperation. Part three focuses on the role of money as a special type of institution in the promotion of cooperation. Expected contributions will be in areas that include economics, political science, sociology, management and organizational behavior. The research proposed will advance the understanding of the role of economic and legal institutions in anonymous economies, of the nature of social capital, and what can prevent conflict in organizations. It may lead to new insights into policy-related issues such as unemployment, financial markets, and economic governance. | [
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
222701 | Panoramix: platform for the operation and optimization in real-time of mixed autonomous fleets . | The overall objective of this project is to provide the first Matching, Dispatching and Routing platform for the operation and optimization of autonomous vehicles (AVs) fleets.
AVs will be widely adopted in the coming decade reaching 20 million fully deployed AVs by 2025, making the mobility industry to face the following challenges:
•AVs are not a mobility service by themselves as they are not capable of responding to the trip demand or adhering to a schedule while adapting to network disruptions.
•Mixed (different brands and types of vehicles) and hybrid (AVs and human-driven vehicles) fleets will co-exist and currently there is no solution available for mixed and hybrid transportation planning.
•Due to digitalization and automatization the growing demand for public transport is becoming more user centered.
PANORAMIX responds to these challenges by bringing to the market the first vehicle agnostic platform allowing mobility service providers to operate hybrid and mixed fleets, and optimize the whole transport system by answering real-time demand in combination with fixed routes. Customers can benefit from a turnkey solution, using the relevant web and mobile application from PANORAMIX Marketplace, from an integrated solution, using the ITS capabilities to power their own web and mobile applications, or from using it as an interface to the backend an existing platform and add compatibility with AVs and optimization capabilities.
PANORAMIX will increase ride-sharing by allowing on-demand operations, increase safety through continuous monitoring, provide optimized routes and alternative solutions in case of traffic disruption, enable energy conservation and emission reductions by optimizing the use of the fleet and charging scheduling, and contribute towards a more inclusive society by facilitating mobility for all citizens.
During the Phase I, we will carry out a technical and economic analysis to identify the bottlenecks for its approach in Phase II. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
171540 | Low cost solar absorption cooling | Solar Polar is an established product development company that specialises in innovative solar heating and cooling technology. The company’s main focus to date has been the development of an innovative low cost solar cooling technology.
Our innovative technology, for which we have been awarded a US patent, features a novel application of solar absorption to generate cooled air that requires no electrical input and has no moving parts. Following successful laboratory and field trials (TRL6), we are confident that our innovative system offers cooling with no running costs, payback of less than 2 years (in Southern European dwellings), an operational life of 30+ years and zero carbon emissions.
Our system’s competitive advantages will have worldwide appeal driving our sales (and EU exports). Presently, large industrial non-EU firms dominate the air conditioning market. Solar Polar’s ambition is to become a world leader in the supply of solar cooling from within the EU. Outputs and outcomes from our overall innovation project will provide a platform for introduction of our cooling technology to European and worldwide markets. Our business case shows a turnover of over €40m per annum by 2022 with a net profit of €10m and the creation of 300+ jobs.
The primary markets for our new system are the markets for cooling dwellings, small to medium sized offices and retail premises. The European and global market for cooling is growing strongly due to climate change, rising incomes and increasing urbanisation. Our system has the potential to help over 800 million households located in areas with sufficient levels of direct solar insolation, about 50% of the estimated number of households in the world.
The challenge is to introduce to the market a new cooling technology. Our Phase 1 project will enable us to develop our commercialisation and demonstration strategy and our technology and manufacturing route map; it will also enable us to develop our business plan further. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1038/s41598-017-02081-9 | In-situ STEM imaging of growth and phase change of individual CuAl<inf>X</inf> precipitates in Al alloy | Age-hardening in Al alloys has been used for over a century to improve its mechanical properties. However, the lack of direct observation limits our understanding of the dynamic nature of the evolution of nanoprecipitates during age-hardening. Using in-situ (scanning) transmission electron microscopy (S/TEM) while heating an Al-Cu alloy, we were able to follow the growth of individual nanoprecipitates at atomic scale. The heat treatments carried out at 140, 160, 180 and 200 °C reveal a temperature dependence on the kinetics of precipitation and three kinds of interactions of nano-precipitates. These are precipitate-matrix, precipitate-dislocation, and precipitate-precipitate interactions. The diffusion of Cu and Al during these interactions, results in diffusion-controlled individual precipitate growth, an accelerated growth when interactions with dislocations occur and a size dependent precipitate-precipitate interaction: growth and shrinkage. Precipitates can grow and shrink at opposite ends at the same time resulting in an effective displacement. Furthermore, the evolution of the crystal structure within an individual nanoprecipiate, specifically the mechanism of formation of the strengthening phase, θ′, during heat-treatment is elucidated by following the same precipitate through its intermediate stages for the first time using in-situ S/TEM studies. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
interreg_721 | Corridor 24 Development Rotterdam-Genoa | CODE24 intends the interconnection of economic development. spatial. transport and ecological planning. The projects area of Corridor 24 covers a number of the most important economic regions in Europe within this major European North-South transport corridor across NL. D. CH and IT linking the North sea port Rotterdam and the Mediterranean port of Genoa. Its catchment area comprises 70 million inhabitants and operates 50% (700 million tons/year) of the north-south rail freight. The opening of the Lötschberg tunnel in 2007 and the Gotthard tunnel (2017) and the parallel expansion of the feeders will further improve the importance of Corridor 24 as milestones. Nevertheless some major bottlenecks and a lack of transregional coordination still threaten the potential of the axis. limiting its economic and spatial development. Hence the project strives to provide planning tools and tailor made solutions to remove major bottlenecks and enable pro-active stakeholder participation. CODE24 aims at a coordinated transnational strategy to strengthen and to develop the corridor. The overall objective is to accelerate and jointly develop the transport capacity of the entire corridor by ensuring optimal economic benefits and spatial integration while reducing negative impacts on the environment at local and regional level. By focussing on regional aspects in the corridor area and joint development strategies. the project will strengthen the position of regional actors and stakeholders within the entire Corridor. CODE24 adds the regional development perspective as a third pillar complementary to the political pillar with the ERMTS Corridor Coordinator and the EEIG formed by D. F. NL. B und CH railway infrastructure companies coordinating infrastructure management aspects.. This intends to be sustained by the establishment of an EGTC as major project aim. Due to its complex & multifunctional approach we apply for the project as a Strategic Initiative. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
759296 | Engineering T cells and B cells for Immunotherapy using V(D)J recombination | T cell engineering has shown clinical success mainly in haematological cancers, but scaling up is challenging due to reliance on ex vivo manipulations. In addition, B cell engineering has not shown therapeutic efficacy to date. Here, we propose a novel immunotherapy approach, allowing safe and efficient engineering of B cells and T cells, both ex vivo and in vivo. We will use adeno associated vectors (AAV) to integrate chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) or T cell receptor (TCR) genes into loci coding TCR chains and to integrate antibody (Ab) genes into loci coding Ab chains. Previously, we used AAV facilitated gene targeting in vivo to ameliorate genetic diseases in mice. For lymphocytes we develop “VDJ targeting”: A promoterless receptor/Ab gene flanked by recognition signal sequences (RSS) will be inserted into the endogenous locus by the recombination activating gene (RAG) complex during V(D)J recombination. Only developing lymphocytes, expressing RAG, will incorporate the receptor/Ab gene, which will thus be expressed in potent naïve cells from the strong endogenous promoter. Targeted developing cells are subjected to negative selection, thus reducing risk of adverse autoimmunity. Lack of promoter reduces spurious expression and oncogenic risk upon rare off-target integration. Targeting endogenous loci may allow allelic exclusion. In B cells it may allow utilizing the endogenous constant region to express a B cell receptor and, upon activation, a secreted Ab. Activation may be accompanied by proliferation and affinity maturation, including somatic hypermutation and class switching, to allow a potent immune response, memory retention and diminished antigenic escape. Where controlled autoimmunity is desired, we will engineer B cells to inducibly secret an auto-Ab. We will demonstrate efficacy in cancer and autoimmune disease models implanted with lymphocytes that we engineered while ex vivo differentiated and in mice injected with vectors for in vivo VDJ targeting. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1063/1.3525147 | From Caging To Rouse Dynamics In Polymer Melts With Intramolecular Barriers A Critical Test Of The Mode Coupling Theory | By means of computer simulations and solution of the equations of the Mode Coupling Theory (MCT), we investigate the role of the intramolecular barriers on several dynamic aspects of non-entangled polymers. The investigated dynamic range extends from the caging regime characteristic of glass-formers to the relaxation of the chain Rouse modes. We review our recent work on this question, provide new results and critically discuss the limitations of the theory. Solutions of the MCT for the structural relaxation reproduce qualitative trends of simulations for weak and moderate barriers. However a progressive discrepancy is revealed as the limit of stiff chains is approached. This disagreement does not seem related with dynamic heterogeneities, which indeed are not enhanced by increasing barrier strength. It is not connected either with the breakdown of the convolution approximation for three-point static correlations, which retains its validity for stiff chains. These findings suggest the need of an improvement of the MCT equations for polymer melts. Concerning the relaxation of the chain degrees of freedom, MCT provides a microscopic basis for time scales from chain reorientation down to the caging regime. It rationalizes, from first principles, the observed devations from the Rouse model on increasing the barrier strength. These include anomalous scaling of relaxation times, long-time plateaux, and non-monotonous wavelength dependence of the mode correlators. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
184576 | Safeguarding cultural heritage through technical and organisational resources management | Starting from previous research experiences and tangible outcomes, STORM proposes a set of novel predictive models and improved non-invasive and non-destructive methods of survey and diagnosis, for effective prediction of environmental changes and for revealing threats and conditions that could damage cultural heritage sites. Moreover, STORM will determine how different vulnerable materials, structures and buildings are affected by different extreme weather events together with risks associated to climatic conditions or natural hazards, offering improved, effective adaptation and mitigation strategies, systems and technologies. An integrated system featuring novel sensors (intra fluorescent and wireless acoustic sensors), legacy systems, state of the art platforms (including LiDAR and UAVs), as well as crowdsourcing techniques will be implemented, offering applications and services over an open cloud infrastructure.
An important result of STORM will be a cooperation platform for collaboratively collecting and enhancing knowledge, processes and methodologies on sustainable and effective safeguarding and management of European Cultural Heritage. The system will be capable of performing risk assessment on natural hazards taking into account environmental and anthropogenic risks, and of using Complex Events processing. Results will be tested in relevant case studies in five different countries: Italy, Greece, UK, Portugal and Turkey. The sites and consortium have been carefully selected so as to adequately represent the rich European Cultural Heritage, while associate partners that can assist with liaisons and links to other stakeholders and European sites are also included.
The project will be carried out by a multidisciplinary team providing all competences needed to assure the implementation of a functional and effective solution to support all the actors involved in the management and preservation of Cultural Heritage sites. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts"
]
|
10.1038/nmeth.3111 | Optogenetics: The age of light | The optogenetic revolution is transforming neuroscience. The dramatic recent progress in using light to both control and read out neural activity has highlighted the need for better probes, improved light delivery and more careful interpretation of results, which will all be required for optogenetics to fully realize its remarkable potential. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
US 56249205 A | Brake assembly, particularly for a hydraulic wheel drive | A brake assembly, in particular of a hydraulic wheel drive, comprising a disk package formed of a plurality of outer disks and corresponding inner disks, and compressible a piston assembly for braking. A first hydraulic cycle acts on the piston assembly for driving braking and a second hydraulic cycle acts on the piston assembly for parking braking. The piston assembly includes a driving brake piston which contacts the disk package and is able to be pressurized by the first hydraulic cycle and also able to be pressurized by an adjacent separate parking brake piston interacting with the second hydraulic cycle. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1073/pnas.1221766111 | Integration of hormonal signaling networks and mobile microRNAs is required for vascular patterning in Arabidopsis roots | As multicellular organisms grow, positional information is continually needed to regulate the pattern in which cells are arranged. Inthe Arabidopsis root, most cell types are organized in a radiallysymmetric pattern; however, a symmetry-breaking event generates bisymmetric auxin and cytokinin signaling domains in thestele. Bidirectional cross-talk between the stele and the surrounding tissues involving a mobile transcription factor, SHORT ROOT(SHR), and mobile microRNA species also determines vascular pattern, but it is currently unclear how these signals integrate. We usea multicellular model to determine a minimal set of componentsnecessary for maintaining a stable vascular pattern. Simulationsperturbing the signaling network show that, in addition to themutually inhibitory interaction between auxin and cytokinin, signaling through SHR, microRNA165/6, and PHABULOSA is requiredto maintain a stable bisymmetric pattern. We have verified thisprediction by observing loss of bisymmetry in shr mutants. Themodel reveals the importance of several features of the network,namely the mutual degradation of microRNA165/6 and PHABU-LOSA and the existence of an additional negative regulator ofcytokinin signaling. These components form a plausible mechanismcapable of patterning vascular tissues in the absence of positionalinputs provided by the transport of hormones from the shoot. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
647051 | The tiny and the fast: the role of subcortical sensory structures in human communication | In Europe, approximately one hundred million people are impaired in their communication abilities. These include people with autism spectrum disorders (ca. 3 million) and individuals with dyslexia (ca. 50 million). Current neuroscience research typically associates cognitive functions including communication abilities with the cerebral cortex. By and large, this approach ignores the complex subcortical processing machinery before sensory signals reach the cortex. However, recent pioneering studies imply that dysfunction in tiny subcortical sensory structures can cause selective deficits in our ability to understand others. My goal is to (i) investigate the role of subcortical sensory structures in analysing communication signals and (ii) specify how dysfunction in subcortical-cortical interaction can cause human communication disorders. To do this we will combine very recently developed ultra-high-resolution neuroimaging with a cutting-edge multimodal approach including neurostimulation, and computational neuroimaging. The project will relate sensory subcortical responses to concrete communication behaviour, as observed in healthy individuals and individuals with communication disorders. I expect two key results: First, we will uncover the principles of how subcortical sensory structures operate for dynamic auditory and visual communication signals; this will lead to a novel model of subcortical-cortical interactions that can explain key functions in human communication. Second, the results will resolve long-standing puzzles about the nature of two of the most common hereditary communication deficits (developmental dyslexia and autism spectrum disorders). Immediate consequences of this proposal will include a translational project aimed at improving communication functions with behavioural interventions. Together, the findings may revolutionise our understanding of how sensory subcortical structures shape one of our most important cognitive functions—communication. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
W2246417048 | Effect of Mixed-Phase TiO<sub>2</sub>/PVA Nanofibers on the Degradation on Methyl Orange | We report on the synthesis of nanostructured TiO 2 for various structural phases and observed the rate of degradation of methyl orange (MO) upon UV irradiation. Mixed phase nanocrystalline TiO 2 at temperature of 800°C shows higher rate of degradation of MO with the rate of 0.0203/min compared to other phases. This rate corresponds to the percentage of MO degradation of 58.85%, 71.69%, 86.25% and 91.82% for duration of 30, 60, 90 and 120 min of UV irradiations, respectively. The TiO 2 powder was prepared using titanium (IV) butoxide as the precursor via sol gel process. The samples were characterized using X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The rate of degradation of MO after UV exposure was measured using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The first order reaction rate constants ( k app ) of anatase; mixed-phase; and rutile phases were 0.0130, 0.0203 and 0.0029, respectively, which shows that mixed-phase TiO 2 has higher k app value indicating higher rate of degradation. The PVA/TiO 2 nanofibers were produced via electrospinning technique and similar tests on the nanofibers were conducted.Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) indicates significant presence of TiO 2 is in nanofibers and the average diameter of the nanofibers was 600 nm. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
CA 2252831 A | ILLUMINATED ASSEMBLY FOR A SWITCH/OUTLET | An illuminating apparatus for a wall switch (20) or outlet (2) that has a pair of terminals (4, 5) across which an electric potential is available, including an electroluminescent lamp plate (17) having first and second electrode deposits (14, 15) on a surface thereof, and a contact plate (12) disposed between the wall switch (20) or outlet (2) and the electroluminescent lamp plate (17) and a back surface facing the switch (20) or outlet (2), the contact plate (12) having first and second conductors (3, 6), each of which pass through the contact plate (12) and one of the terminals (5), and the second conductor (6) contacting the second electrode deposit (15) and the other of the terminals (4). | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1145/2661229.2661257 | Rendering Volumetric Haptic Shapes In Mid Air Using Ultrasound | We present a method for creating three-dimensional haptic shapes in mid-air using focused ultrasound. This approach applies the principles of acoustic radiation force, whereby the non-linear effects of sound produce forces on the skin which are strong enough to generate tactile sensations. This mid-air haptic feedback eliminates the need for any attachment of actuators or contact with physical devices. The user perceives a discernible haptic shape when the corresponding acoustic interference pattern is generated above a precisely controlled two-dimensional phased array of ultrasound transducers. In this paper, we outline our algorithm for controlling the volumetric distribution of the acoustic radiation force field in the form of a three-dimensional shape. We demonstrate how we create this acoustic radiation force field and how we interact with it. We then describe our implementation of the system and provide evidence from both visual and technical evaluations of its ability to render different shapes. We conclude with a subjective user evaluation to examine users' performance for different shapes. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1038/cdd.2012.74 | PERK is required at the ER-mitochondrial contact sites to convey apoptosis after ROS-based ER stress | Endoplasmic reticulum stress is emerging as an important modulator of different pathologies and as a mechanism contributing to cancer cell death in response to therapeutic agents. In several instances, oxidative stress and the onset of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress occur together; yet, the molecular events linking reactive oxygen species (ROS) to ER stress-mediated apoptosis are currently unknown. Here, we show that PERK (RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR)-like ER kinase), a key ER stress sensor of the unfolded protein response, is uniquely enriched at the mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs). PERK-/- cells display disturbed ER morphology and Ca2+ signaling as well as significantly weaker ER-mitochondria contact sites. Re-expression of a kinase-dead PERK mutant but not the cytoplasmic deletion mutant of PERK in PERK-/- cells re-establishes ER-mitochondria juxtapositions and mitochondrial sensitization to ROS-mediated stress. In contrast to the canonical ER stressor thapsigargin, during ROS-mediated ER stress, PERK contributes to apoptosis twofold by sustaining the levels of pro-apoptotic C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and by facilitating the propagation of ROS signals between the ER and mitochondria through its tethering function. Hence, this study reveals an unprecedented role of PERK as a MAMs component required to maintain the ER-mitochondria juxtapositions and propel ROS-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis. Furthermore, it suggests that loss of PERK may cause defects in cell death sensitivity in pathological conditions linked to ROS-mediated ER stress. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
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