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US 201716080482 A | Electronic device and method for transmitting and receiving signals | The present invention relates to an electronic device and, more particularly, to an electronic device and a method for transmitting and receiving signals. To this end, the electronic device according to the present invention may comprise: a transceiving unit comprising a first group of power amplifiers (PAs) including at least one PA and a second group of PAs including at least one PA; an antenna unit comprising a first antenna selectively coupled to a PA supporting a first frequency range or a second frequency range of the first group of PAs and the second group of the PAs, and a second antenna selectively coupled to a PA supporting the second frequency range or a third frequency range of the first group of PAs and the second group of the PAs; a power supply unit comprising a first power supply modulator connected to the first group of PAs and a second power supply modulator connected to the second group of PAs; and a communication processor for changing an output voltage at least in part on the basis of transmit power of the PA coupled to at least one of the first power supply modulator and the second power supply modulator, wherein at least one of the first group of PAs and at least one of the second group of PAs are capable of transmitting signals simultaneously. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1371/journal.pmed.1001898 | Dispersion of the HIV-1 Epidemic in Men Who Have Sex with Men in the Netherlands: A Combined Mathematical Model and Phylogenetic Analysis | Background: The HIV-1 subtype B epidemic amongst men who have sex with men (MSM) is resurgent in many countries despite the widespread use of effective combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). In this combined mathematical and phylogenetic study of observational data, we aimed to find out the extent to which the resurgent epidemic is the result of newly introduced strains or of growth of already circulating strains. Methods and Findings: As of November 2011, the ATHENA observational HIV cohort of all patients in care in the Netherlands since 1996 included HIV-1 subtype B polymerase sequences from 5,852 patients. Patients who were diagnosed between 1981 and 1995 were included in the cohort if they were still alive in 1996. The ten most similar sequences to each ATHENA sequence were selected from the Los Alamos HIV Sequence Database, and a phylogenetic tree was created of a total of 8,320 sequences. Large transmission clusters that included ≥10 ATHENA sequences were selected, with a local support value ≥ 0. 9 and median pairwise patristic distance below the fifth percentile of distances in the whole tree. Time-varying reproduction numbers of the large MSM-majority clusters were estimated through mathematical modeling. We identified 106 large transmission clusters, including 3,061 (52%) ATHENA and 652 Los Alamos sequences. Half of the HIV sequences from MSM registered in the cohort in the Netherlands (2,128 of 4,288) were included in 91 large MSM-majority clusters. Strikingly, at least 54 (59%) of these 91 MSM-majority clusters were already circulating before 1996, when cART was introduced, and have persisted to the present. Overall, 1,226 (35%) of the 3,460 diagnoses among MSM since 1996 were found in these 54 long-standing clusters. The reproduction numbers of all large MSM-majority clusters were around the epidemic threshold value of one over the whole study period. A tendency towards higher numbers was visible in recent years, especially in the more recently introduced clusters. The mean age of MSM at diagnosis increased by 0. 45 years/year within clusters, but new clusters appeared with lower mean age. Major strengths of this study are the high proportion of HIV-positive MSM with a sequence in this study and the combined application of phylogenetic and modeling approaches. Main limitations are the assumption that the sampled population is representative of the overall HIV-positive population and the assumption that the diagnosis interval distribution is similar between clusters. Conclusions: The resurgent HIV epidemic amongst MSM in the Netherlands is driven by several large, persistent, self-sustaining, and, in many cases, growing sub-epidemics shifting towards new generations of MSM. Many of the sub-epidemics have been present since the early epidemic, to which new sub-epidemics are being added. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Mathematics",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
249929 | Structure-Function Analysis of the Chemokine Interactome for Therapeutic Targeting and Imaging in Atherosclerosis | Atherosclerosis is characterized by chronic inflammation of the arterial wall. Mononuclear cell recruitment is driven by chemokines that can be deposited e.g. by activated platelets on inflamed endothelium. Chemokines require oligomerization and immobilization for efficient function, and recent evidence supports the notion that heterodimer formation between chemokines constitutes a new regulatory principle amplifying specific chemokine activities while suppressing others. Although crucial to inflammatory disease, this has been difficult to prove in vivo, primarily as chemokine heterodimers exist in equilibrium with their homodimer counterparts. We introduce the paradigm that heteromerization of chemokines provides the combinatorial diversity for functional plasticity and fine-tuning, coining this interactome. Given the relevance of chemokine heteromers in vivo, we aim to exploit this in an anti-inflammatory approach to selectively target vascular disease. In a multidisciplinary project, we plan to generate covalently-linked heterodimers to establish their biological significance. Obligate heterodimers of CC and CXC chemokines will be designed using computer-assisted modeling, chemically synthesized and cross-linked, structurally assessed using NMR spectroscopy and crystallography, and subjected to functional characterization in vitro and reconstitution in vivo. Conversely, we will develop cyclic beta-sheet-based peptides binding chemokines to specifically disrupt heteromers and we will generate mice with conditional deletion or knock-in of chemokine mutants with defects in heteromerization or proteoglycan binding to be analyzed in models of atherosclerosis. Peptides will be used for molecular imaging and chemokine heteromers will be quantified in cardiovascular patients. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1246/cl.200076 | Light-switchable Metal-Organic Cages | The ability to control structure and function of metal-organic cages by external stimuli offers many possibilities. For example, preventing product inhibition in catalysis, releasing a drug at a specific site, or altering material properties. This Highlight Review describes the different strategies that have been developed to make light-responsive metal-organic cages able to undergo a structural change in response to a light stimulus and furthermore, major challenges and future perspectives are discussed. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-15-0313 | Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor AT7519 as a Potential Drug for MYCN-Dependent Neuroblastoma | Purpose: MYCN-dependent neuroblastomas have low cure rates with current multimodal treatment regimens and novel therapeutic drugs are therefore urgently needed. In previous preclinical studies, we have shown that targeted inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) resulted in specific killing of MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cells. This study describes the in vivo preclinical evaluation of the CDK inhibitor AT7519. Experimental Design: Preclinical drug testing was performed using a panel of MYCN-amplified and MYCN single copy neuroblastoma cell lines and different MYCN-dependent mouse models of neuroblastoma. Results: AT7519 killed MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cell lines more potently than MYCN single copy cell lines with a median LC50 value of 1. 7 compared to 8. 1 mmol/L (P 0. 0053) and a significantly stronger induction of apoptosis. Preclinical studies in female NMRI homozygous (nu/nu) mice with neuroblastoma patient-derived MYCN-amplified AMC711T xenografts revealed dose-dependent growth inhibition, which correlated with intratumoral AT7519 levels. CDK2 target inhibition by AT7519 was confirmed by significant reductions in levels of phosphorylated retinoblastoma (p-Rb) and nucleophosmin (p-NPM). AT7519 treatment of Th-MYCN transgenicmice resulted in improved survival and clinically significant tumor regression (average tumor size reduction of 86% at day 7 after treatment initiation). The improved efficacy of AT7519 observed in Th-MYCN mice correlated with higher tumor exposure to the drug. Conclusions: This study strongly suggests that AT7519 is a promising drug for the treatment of high-risk neuroblastoma patients with MYCN amplification. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
W1983400151 | Fibrous nanocrystals of hydroxyapatite loaded with TiO2 nanoparticles for the capture and photocatalytic decomposition of specific proteins | The monomolecular adsorption of lysozyme (LSZ) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) on hydroxyapatite (HAp) was observed by using two types of fibrous crystals elongated in the c-axis. Selective removal of the specific proteins was achieved by the capture and decomposition on the HAp crystals having the particular nanostructures attached with anatase-type TiO(2). Bundled short nanorods of ca. 10nm in diameter were suitable for the capture of a relatively small protein molecule, LSZ, due to their high specific surface area, while the adsorption of a relatively large molecule, BSA, was restricted because of the narrow clearance gap between the nanorods. On the other hand, the large protein preferentially adsorbed to long nanoneedles of 30-60 nm in diameter, which had a wide gap among the loosely aggregated crystals. The captured proteins were smoothly decomposed with anatase nanoparticles loaded on the fibrous HAp crystals under UV irradiation. Thus, the photocatalytic activity for the decomposition of proteins could be controlled with the adsorption on the surface of the nanostructured HAp crystals. | [
"Materials Engineering",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
10.1080/02723638.2017.1298978 | Domicide Social Suffering And Symbolic Violence In Contemporary Shanghai China | Arguing from a Bourdieusian perspective, this paper reconstructs the notion domicide in order to maintain its critical edge and configure it as an important field of study. Through this, it explores the ways through which local residents in Shanghai lost their homes to the World Expo 2010 and unravels the material and symbolic violence involved in shaping the experiences of unmaking and remaking a home. In doing so, this paper challenges the category of “happy” or “willing” displacees that deliberately, or unintendedly, conceals the perversity of displacement and legitimatizes it as natural or even politically and morally good. It joins the urgent call for treating displacees with greater respect and dignity and for reconsidering our political responsibility given the belated nature of domicide effects. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts"
]
|
US 2020/0034341 W | IMAGE PAINTING WITH MULTI-EMITTER LIGHT SOURCE | A scanning projector display includes a light engine comprising N emitters coupled to a collimator for providing a fan of N light beams of variable optical power levels, where N>1. The N emitters are spaced apart from each other such that pixels of the image simultaneously energized by neighboring ones of the N emitters are non-adjacent. A scanner receives and angularly scans the fan of N light beams about first and second non-parallel axes to provide an image in angular domain. A controller coupled to the scanner and the light engine causes the scanner to simultaneously scan the fan of N light beams about the first and second axes, and cause the light engine to vary the optical power levels of the N emitters with time delays such that adjacent pixels of the image are energized by different ones of the A emitters. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1111/1756-2171.12228 | False advertising | There is widespread evidence that some firms use false advertising to overstate the value of their products. We consider a model in which a policy maker can punish such false claims. We characterize an equilibrium where false advertising actively influences rational buyers and analyze the effects of policy under different welfare objectives. We establish precise conditions where policy optimally permits a positive level of false advertising and show how these conditions vary intuitively with demand and market parameters. We also consider the implications for product investment and industry self-regulation and connect our results to the literature on demand curvature. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
10.1038/s41467-018-02894-w | Senataxin resolves RNA:DNA hybrids forming at DNA double-strand breaks to prevent translocations | Ataxia with oculomotor apraxia 2 (AOA-2) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS4) are neurological disorders caused by mutations in the gene encoding for senataxin (SETX), a putative RNA:DNA helicase involved in transcription and in the maintenance of genome integrity. Here, using ChIP followed by high throughput sequencing (ChIP-seq), we report that senataxin is recruited at DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) when they occur in transcriptionally active loci. Genome-wide mapping unveiled that RNA:DNA hybrids accumulate on DSB-flanking chromatin but display a narrow, DSB-induced, depletion near DNA ends coinciding with senataxin binding. Although neither required for resection nor for timely repair of DSBs, senataxin was found to promote Rad51 recruitment, to minimize illegitimate rejoining of distant DNA ends and to sustain cell viability following DSB production in active genes. Our data suggest that senataxin functions at DSBs in order to limit translocations and ensure cell viability, providing new insights on AOA2/ALS4 neuropathies. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1093/mnras/staa3568 | Setting the stage: structures from Gaussian random fields | ABSTRACT
We study structure formation in a set of cosmological simulations to uncover the scales in the initial density field that gave rise to the formation of present-day structures. Our simulations share a common primordial power spectrum (here Λ cold dark matter, ΛCDM), but the introduction of hierarchical variations of the phase information allows us to systematically study the scales that determine the formation of structure at later times. We consider the variance in z = 0 statistics such as the matter power spectrum and halo mass function. We also define a criterion for the existence of individual haloes across simulations, and determine what scales in the initial density field contain sufficient information for the non-linear formation of unique haloes. We study how the characteristics of individual haloes such as the mass and concentration, as well as the position and velocity, are affected by variations on different scales, and give scaling relations for haloes of different mass. Finally, we use the example of a cluster-mass halo to show how our hierarchical parametrization of the initial density field can be used to create variants of particular objects. With properties such as mass, concentration, kinematics, and substructure of haloes set on distinct and well-determined scales, and its unique ability to introduce variations localized in real space, our method is a powerful tool to study structure formation in cosmological simulations. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1093/bioinformatics/btt470 | Identification of transcription factor binding sites from ChIP-seq data at high resolution | Motivation: Chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled to next-generation sequencing (ChIP-seq) is widely used to study the in vivo binding sites of transcription factors (TFs) and their regulatory targets. Recent improvements to ChIP-seq, such as increased resolution, promise deeper insights into transcriptional regulation, yet require novel computational tools to fully leverage their advantages. Results: To this aim, we have developed peakzilla, which can identify closely spaced TF binding sites at high resolution (i. e. resolves individual binding sites even if spaced closely), as we demonstrate using semisynthetic datasets, performing ChIP-seq for the TF Twist in Drosophila embryos with different experimental fragment sizes, and analyzing ChIP-exo datasets. We show that the increased resolution reached by peakzilla is highly relevant, as closely spaced Twist binding sites are strongly enriched in transcriptional enhancers, suggesting a signature to discriminate functional from abundant non-functional or neutral TF binding. Peakzilla is easy to use, as it estimates all the necessary parameters from the data and is freely available. Availability and implementation: The peakzilla program is available from https://github. com/steinmann/peakzilla or http://www. starklab. org/data/peakzilla/. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1002/anie.201707321 | Metallo-Supramolecular Gels that are Photocleavable with Visible and Near-Infrared Irradiation | A photolabile ruthenium-based complex, [Ru(bpy)2(4AMP)2](PF6)2, (4AMP=4-(aminomethyl)pyridine) is incorporated into polyurea organo- and hydrogels via the reactive amine moieties on the photocleavable 4AMP ligands. While showing long-term stability in the dark, cleavage of the pyridine–ruthenium bond upon irradiation with visible or near-infrared irradiation (in a two-photon process) leads to rapid de-gelation of the supramolecular gels, thus enabling spatiotemporal micropatterning by photomasking or pulsed NIR-laser irradiation. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1103/PhysRevB.89.104101 | Lattice dynamics of cubic AuZn from first principles | We study the mechanism of the B2→R martensitic transformation in the shape memory alloy AuZn by means of first-principles theory. Phonon anomalies in the TA2 acoustic branch along the Γ-M [ξ,ξ,0] direction associated with a structural transformation are observed. The calculated Fermi surface of the B2 phase of AuZn reveals large portions nested with each other by a translation through a vector q=13[1,1,0] associated with the soft mode. In addition, we find that the B2 phase can be stabilized by pressure in the low-temperature limit. The energetic barrier for the B2→R transition is 2 mRy and appears to be near a critical point. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1016/j.topol.2011.05.016 | A tight colored Tverberg theorem for maps to manifolds | We prove that any continuous map of an N-dimensional simplex ΔN with colored vertices to a d-dimensional manifold M must map r points from disjoint rainbow faces of ΔN to the same point in M: For this we have to assume that N≥(r-1)(d+1), no r vertices of ΔN get the same color, and our proof needs that r is a prime. A face of ΔN is a rainbow face if all vertices have different colors. This result is an extension of our recent "new colored Tverberg theorem", the special case of M=R{double-Struck}d. It is also a generalization of Volovikov's 1996 topological Tverberg theorem for maps to manifolds, which arises when all color classes have size 1 (i. e. , without color constraints); for this special case Volovikov's proof, as well as ours, works when r is a prime power. | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
W2123390717 | Adaptive Digital Filters | Adaptive Digital Filters presents an important discipline applied to the domain of speech processing. The book first makes the reader acquainted with the basic terms of filtering and adaptive filtering, before introducing the field of advanced modern algorithms, some of which are contributed by the authors themselves. Working in the field of adaptive signal processing requires the use of complex mathematical tools. The book offers a detailed presentation of the mathematical models that is clear and consistent, an approach that allows everyone with a college level of mathematics knowledge to successfully follow the mathematical derivations and descriptions of algorithms. The algorithms are presented in flow charts, which facilitates their practical implementation. The book presents many experimental results and treats the aspects of practical application of adaptive filtering in real systems, making it a valuable resource for both undergraduate and graduate students, and for all others interested in mastering this important field. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1007/s00024-014-0906-8 | Fractal Dimension of Geologically Constrained Crater Populations of Mercury | Data gathered during the Mariner10 and MESSENGER missions are collated in this paper to classify craters into four geo-chronological units constrained to the geological map produced after MESSENGER’s flybys. From the global catalogue, we classify craters, constraining them to the geological information derived from the map. We produce a size frequency distribution (SFD) finding that all crater classes show fractal behaviour: with the number of craters inversely proportional to their diameter, the exponent of the SFD (i. e. , the fractal dimension of each class) shows a variation among classes. We discuss this observation as possibly being caused by endogenic and/or exogenic phenomena. Finally, we produce an interpretative scenario where, assuming a constant flux of impactors, the slope variation could be representative of rheological changes in the target materials. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Earth System Science",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1051/0004-6361/201116971 | Long Term Magnetic Activity Of A Sample Of M Dwarf Stars From The Harps Program I Comparison Of Activity Indices | Context. The search for extra-solar planets similar to Earth is becoming a reality, but as the level of the measured radial-velocity reaches the sub-ms −1 , stellar intrinsic sources of noise capable of hiding the signal of these planets from scrutiny become more important. Aims. Other stars are known to have magnetic cycles similar to that of the Sun. The relationship between these activity variations and the observed radial-velocity is still not satisfactorily understood. Following our previous work, which studied the correlation between activity cycles and long-term velocity variations for K dwarfs, we now expand it to the lower end of the main sequence. In this first paper our aim is to assess the long-term activity variations in the low end of the main sequence, having in mind a planetary search perspective. Methods. We used a sample of 30 M0‐M5. 5 stars from the HARPS M-dwarf planet search program with a median timespan of observations of 5. 2 years. We computed chromospheric activity indicators based on the Ca ii Ha nd K, Hα ,H ei D3, and Na i D1 and D2 lines. All data were binned to average out undesired effects such as rotationally modulated atmospheric inhomogeneities. We searched for long-term variability of each index and determined the correlations between them. Results. While the S CaII ,H α ,a nd Nai indices showed significant variability for a fraction of our stellar sample (39%, 33%, and 37%, respectively), only 10% of our stars presented significant variability in the He i index. We therefore conclude that this index is a poor activity indicator at least for this type of stars. Although the Hα shows good correlation with S CaII for the most active stars, the correlation is lost when the activity level decreases. This result appears to indicate that the Ca ii−Hα correlation is dependent on the activity level of the star. The Na i lines correlate very well with the S CaII index for the stars with low activity levels we used, and are thus a good chromospheric activity proxy for early-M dwarfs. We therefore strongly recommend the use of the Nai activity index because the signal-to-noise ratio in the sodium lines spectral region is always higher than for the calcium lines. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
W2085191587 | Aging alters visual processing of objects and shapes in inferotemporal cortex in monkeys | Visual perception declines with age. Perceptual deficits may originate not only in the optical system serving vision but also in the neural machinery processing visual information. Since homologies between monkey and human vision permit extrapolation from monkeys to humans, data from young, middle aged and old monkeys were analyzed to show age-related changes in the neuronal activity in the inferotemporal cortex, which is critical for object and shape vision. We found an increased neuronal response latency, and a decrease in the stimulus selectivity in the older animals and suggest that these changes may underlie the perceptual uncertainties found frequently in the elderly. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
W1881804834 | Research and Implementation of PLC Communication Network Based onCAN | Field bus is an industrial data bus which has developed rapidly in recent years. It is mainly used to solve digital communications among field equipments and message passing between field equipments and executive control systems. CAN bus is a kind of serial communication network supporting distributed control and real-time control effectively, and it applies double serial communication mode and has good error-detecting capacity, which makes it can work in high-noise or jammed environments and has higher reliability. The paper proposes PLC communication network scheme based on CAN bus. The scheme configures a RS232-CAN gateway on upper computer PC and each PLC to make upper computer PC and PLC have the ability of CAN bus communication for creating PLC communication network based on CAN bus. PLC network created by the scheme not only can realize centralized monitoring of PC on several PLCs and direct com- munication among PLCs, but also has higher cost and higher ability of system extension. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
TR 2015000360 W | CALCIUM OXIDE COMPOUND WITH HIGH PURITY | This invention is about calcium oxide. The invention relates more particularly to obtaining the calcium oxide with high purity and on the implementation. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1111/j.1600-0706.2010.19186.x | Increased propensity for aerial dispersal in disturbed habitats due to intraspecific variation and species turnover | Animal dispersal depends on multiple factors, such as habitat features and life-history traits of the species. We studied the propensity for ballooning dispersal in spiders under standardized laboratory conditions. The 1269 tested individuals belonged to 124 species and originated from 16 sites with wide variation in habitat type. Spiders from disturbed habitats ballooned 5. 5 times more than spiders from stable habitats. In Meioneta rurestris, for which we had enough data for a single-species analysis, individuals were most dispersive if they originated from highly disturbed habitats. While the data for the other species were not sufficient for single-species analyses, a hierarchical model that included the data simultaneously on all species suggested that dispersal propensity generally increases within species with the level of habitat disturbance. Dispersal probability showed a trend to increase with niche width, but the higher commonness of species with wide niches provides an alternative explanation for this pattern. As the prevalence of especially dispersive species was highest in disturbed habitats, variation in dispersal propensity was influenced by both inter- and intraspecific factors. We conclude that the positive correlation between niche width and dispersal propensity enables generalist species to utilize highly disturbed habitats, whereas the persistence of specialist species with restricted dispersal ability requires the conservation of stable habitats. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1093/gji/ggt069 | Source modelling of the M5-6 Emilia-Romagna, italy, earthquakes (2012 May 20-29) | On 2012 May 20 and 29, two damaging earthquakes with magnitudes Mw 6. 1 and 5. 9, respectively, struck the Emilia-Romagna region in the sedimentary Po Plain, Northern Italy, causing 26 fatalities, significant damage to historical buildings and substantial impact to the economy of the region. The earthquake sequence included four more aftershocks with Mw = 5. 0, all at shallow depths (about 7-9 km), with similar WNW-ESE striking reverse mechanism. The timeline of the sequence suggests significant static stress interaction between the largest events. We perform here a detailed source inversion, first adopting a point source approximation and considering pure double couple and full moment tensor source models. We compare different extended source inversion approaches for the two largest events, and find that the rupture occurred in both cases along a subhorizontal plane, dipping towards SSW. Directivity is well detected for the May 20 main shock, indicating that the rupture propagated unilaterally towards SE. Based on the focal mechanism solution, we further estimate the co-seismic static stress change induced by the May 20 event. By using the rate-and-state model and a Poissonian earthquake occurrence, we infer that the second largest event of May 29 was induced with a probability in the range 0. 2-0. 4. This suggests that the segment of fault was already prone to rupture. Finally, we estimate peak ground accelerations for the two main events as occurred separately or simultaneously. For the scenario involving hypothetical rupture areas of both main events, we estimate Mw = 6. 3 and an increase of ground acceleration by 50 per cent. The approach we propose may help to quantify rapidly which regions are invested by a significant increase of the hazard, bearing the potential for large aftershocks or even a second main shock. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1007/978-3-319-28361-6_7 | Analysis Of Co Authorship Ego Networks | The availability of co-authorship data from large-scale electronic databases is paving the way for new analyses on human collaboration networks. The complex network of co-authorships can identify specific features that characterise the behaviour of researchers, and impact on their production and performance. In this paper, we analyse a large sample of data regarding scientific publications from Google Scholar. The aim of our analysis is to study a fundamental aspect of co-authorship networks, i. e. the structure of authors' ego networks. Specifically, we highlight the existence of a hierarchical organisation of these networks in a series of concentric circles, quite similar to that found in general human social networks. In addition, we highlight some properties of the correlation between the ego network structure and the authors scientific productivity, measured in terms of h-index. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Mathematics",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
W3125687430 | Settlement delays in the money market | Abstract We track 38,000 money market trades from execution to delivery and return, and provide a first empirical analysis of settlement delays in financial markets. In accord with the predictions of recent models of strategic settlement of financial claims, we document a tendency by lenders to delay delivery of loaned funds until the afternoon hours. We find banks to follow a simple strategy to manage the risk of account overdrafts, by delaying settlement of large payments relative to that of small payments. More sophisticated strategies such as increasing delays when own liquid balances are low and when dealing with small trading partners play a marginal role. We find evidence of strategic delay also when returning borrowed funds, although we can explain a smaller fraction of the dispersion in delays in the return than in delivery leg of money market lending. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
220953 | Farm systems that produce good water quality for drinking water supplies | Safe drinking water is vital for human health. Diffuse pollution of nitrogen and pesticides from agriculture is the main obstacle to meet drinking water quality targets. Policies to protect drinking water resources have not achieved a consistent effectiveness in all member states. The objective of FAIRWAY is to review policy, governance and farm water management approaches to protect drinking water resources in the EU and to identify and further develop innovative measures and governance approaches which will simultaneously increase the sustainability of agriculture. The FAIRWAY partners form a unique blend of researchers, farm advisers and consultancies and is built on 13 case studies (‘living labs’) in 11 different EU countries, which will form the core of a multi-actor platform, underpinning all FAIRWAY work packages. Equally important is the upscaling of successful practices from case studies to the regional, national, and EU scales, emphasising the role of effective communication and extension tools developed in FAIRWAY. The outputs will provide a blueprint for multi-actor engagement across different scales, which will allow agriculture and water policies to be addressed in a more integrated way. FAIRWAY will i) increase the scientific understanding of the relationship between agriculture and drinking water protection, ii) increase the understanding for the social, technical and economic barriers to practical implementing of measures (iii) deliver innovative measures and tools to overcome these barriers, iv) develop protocols and data-sets for monitoring of farming practices and water quality, v) develop effective governance approaches for small to large water supplies, and vi) increase awareness and involvement of farmers and other citizens in the monitoring and governance of water supplies. The FAIRWAY results will be widely disseminated to a range of targeted audiences using state-of-the-art technologies, social media and workshops. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
10.1080/19475411.2014.997322 | Magnetic Actuation And Transition Shapes Of A Bistable Spherical Cap | Multistable shells have been proposed for a variety of applications; however, their actuation is almost exclusively addressed through embedded piezoelectric patches. Additional actuation techniques are needed for applications requiring high strains or where remote actuation is desirable. Part of the reason for the lack of research in this area is the absence of appropriate models describing the detailed deformation and energetics of such shells. This work presents a bistable spherical cap made of iron carbonyl-infused polydimethylsiloxane. The magnetizable structure can be actuated remotely through permanent magnets while the transition is recorded with a high-speed camera. Moreover, the experiment is reproduced in a finite element (FE) dynamic model for comparison with the physical observations. High-speed footage of the physical cap inversion together with the FE modeling gives valuable insight on preferable intermediate geometries. Both methods return similar values for the magnetic field strength requ. . . | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
interreg_3278 | StrengtHening Intellectual Property and technology transfer processes in greEn sea mobiliTy secTors | The SHIPMENTT project aims at establishing an innovation ecosystem focused on the green sea mobility sector (reffered partially as green shipping in EUSAIR) across the ADRION area. In the medium-term, the aim is to enhance the investments in regional R&D and increase the competitiveness of the local SMEs._x000D_
_x000D_
Today, the innovation activity in the region is fragmented and confined to the national borders allowing limited space for regional cooperation and economic growth. SHIPMENTT will establish a network of cooperating parties with a clear plan to shape the necessary conditions for a fruitful blue growth innovation ecosystem in the spirit of transnational cooperation. Hence, the project features partners from all 8 countries of the ADRION area. _x000D_
_x000D_
The project main outputs will be:_x000D_
1. Direct 1:1 support on a) IP management and b) access to finance to 250 SMEs: to improve their chances of collborating with research institutions and attracting financial resources [short-term impact]._x000D_
2. Facilitatiοn of industry-academia collaboration for 50 SMEs: via the SHIPMENTT platform [medium-term impact]._x000D_
3. An all-inclusive strategy: for the development of a regional innovation ecosystem fuelled by blue-technologies in the green sea mobility field [long term impact]._x000D_
_x000D_
The project will a) design or improve tools in the IP/access2finance space, b) implement them in a pilot environment (e.g. 1:1 support and an online showroom), c) extract conclusions about the effectiveness of their use in the region’s socio-economic and cultural context, and d) formulate a strategy for the long-term development of innovation conditions in the region._x000D_
_x000D_
The project presents two novelties:_x000D_
1. focuses on the green sea mobility sector that has received little attention so far internationally._x000D_
2. leverages on two critical elements of business strategy and innovation management: a) Access to finance and b) IP protection and exploitation - we anticipate great returns as these elements are interrelated and jointly considered in practically all businesses today. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.5194/acp-18-17307-2018 | The underappreciated role of nonvolatile cations in aerosol ammonium-sulfate molar ratios | Abstract. Overprediction of fine-particle ammonium-sulfate molar ratios (R) by
thermodynamic models is suggested as evidence for interactions with organic
constituents that inhibit the equilibration of gas-phase ammonia with aerosol
sulfate and questions the equilibrium assumption long thought to apply for
submicron aerosol. This hypothesis is tested through thermodynamic analysis
of ambient observations. We find that the deviation between R from a molar
ratio of 2 is strongly correlated with the concentration of sodium
(Na+), a nonvolatile cation (NVC), but exhibits no correlation to
organic aerosol (OA) mass concentration or mass fraction. Thermodynamic
predictions of both R and ammonia gas–particle partitioning can accurately
reproduce observations when small amounts of NVCs are
included in the calculations, whereas exclusion of NVCs results in a predicted
R consistently near 2. The sensitivity of R to small amounts of NVCs
arises because, when the latter are present but not included in the
thermodynamic calculations, the missing cations are replaced with ammonium in
the model (NH3–NH4+ equilibrium shifts to the
particle), resulting in an R that is biased high. Results and conclusions
based on bulk aerosol considerations that assume all species are internally
mixed are not changed even if NVCs and sulfate are largely externally mixed;
fine-particle pH is found to be much less sensitive to mixing state
assumptions than molar ratios. We also show that the data used to support the
“organic inhibition” of NH3 from equilibrium, when compared
against other network and field campaign datasets, display a systematically
and significantly lower NH4+ (thought to be from an evaporation
bias), that is of the order of the effect postulated to be caused by
organics. Altogether, these results question the postulated ability of
organic compounds to considerably perturb aerosol acidity and prevent ammonia
from achieving gas–particle equilibrium, at least for the locations
considered. Furthermore, the results demonstrate the limitations of using
molar ratios to infer aerosol properties or processes that depend on particle
pH. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
184577 | Supporting european civilian external actions | Currently, many processes, procedures, systems and equipment for information management and exchange in EU civilian external actions are in place, but these are often used in an incoherent way and lack interoperability, inhibiting CSDP entities and other stakeholders to build a common understanding of crisis management.
CIVILEX aims to identify, characterise and model the communication and information systems in use within the EU Civilian missions, understand the stakeholders’ requirements and provide possible solutions to tackle by a future interoperable Situational Awareness, Information Exchange and Operational Control Platform. This would allow to constitute a more coherent and interoperable platform. As a result, common understanding and situational awareness about crisis management in EU civilian external actions will be enhanced since CIVILEX paves the way for such an infrastructure. The envisaged platform should facilitate the engagement of EU actors. This can include CSDP missions, EU Delegations, ECHO offices and Member State Embassies, but also UN offices and other non-EU actors. While the focus is on the civilian chain of command, it should also consider certain connections and overlaps with military actors. The need for coherence and interoperability is not new, nor is it a purely technical challenge. Clearly, there are certain legal, policy, institutional and human elements that function as facilitators and constrainers for better information exchange.
CIVILEX, therefore, adds an innovative dimension by researching and helping to clarify the wider policy, institutional and operational issues of ICT systems in the context of CSDP and EU external action. The project would take a hybrid approach, aiming both for a technical solution for information exchange (a platform that stimulates low-level, secure ad-hoc communities of interest) and for institutional changes (leading to agreements on exchange formats for civilian parties). | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1098/rspb.2018.0807 | Lower bumblebee colony reproductive success in agricultural compared with urban environments | Urbanization represents a rapidly growing driver of land-use change. While it is clear that urbanization impacts species abundance and diversity, direct effects of urban land use on animal reproductive success are rarely documented. Here, we show that urban land use is linked to long-term colony reproductive output in a key pollinator. We reared colonies from wild-caught bumblebee (Bombus terrestris) queens, placed them at sites characterized by varying degrees of urbanization from inner city to rural farmland and monitored the production of sexual offspring across the entire colony cycle. Our land-use cluster analysis identified three site categories, and this categorization was a strong predictor of colony performance. Crucially, colonies in the two clusters characterized by urban development produced more sexual offspring than those in the cluster dominated by agricultural land. These colonies also reached higher peak size, had more food stores, encountered fewer parasite invasions and survived for longer. Our results show a link between urbanization and bumblebee colony reproductive success, supporting the theory that urban areas provide a refuge for pollinator populations in an otherwise barren agricultural landscape. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
W2064818669 | A neighborhood statistics model for predicting stream pathogen indicator levels | Because elevated levels of water-borne Escherichia coli in streams are a leading cause of water quality impairments in the U.S., water-quality managers need tools for predicting aqueous E. coli levels. Presently, E. coli levels may be predicted using complex mechanistic models that have a high degree of unchecked uncertainty or simpler statistical models. To assess spatio-temporal patterns of instream E. coli levels, herein we measured E. coli, a pathogen indicator, at 16 sites (at four different times) within the Squaw Creek watershed, Iowa, and subsequently, the Markov Random Field model was exploited to develop a neighborhood statistics model for predicting instream E. coli levels. Two observed covariates, local water temperature (degrees Celsius) and mean cross-sectional depth (meters), were used as inputs to the model. Predictions of E. coli levels in the water column were compared with independent observational data collected from 16 in-stream locations. The results revealed that spatio-temporal averages of predicted and observed E. coli levels were extremely close. Approximately 66 % of individual predicted E. coli concentrations were within a factor of 2 of the observed values. In only one event, the difference between prediction and observation was beyond one order of magnitude. The mean of all predicted values at 16 locations was approximately 1 % higher than the mean of the observed values. The approach presented here will be useful while assessing instream contaminations such as pathogen/pathogen indicator levels at the watershed scale. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Mathematics",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
W2105820232 | Applying multi-criteria decision-making to improve the waste reduction policy in Taiwan | Over the past two decades, the waste reduction problem has been a major issue in environmental protection. Both recycling and waste reduction policies have become increasingly important. As the complexity of decision-making has increased, it has become evident that more factors must be considered in the development and implementation of policies aimed at resource recycling and waste reduction. There are many studies focused on waste management excluding waste reduction. This study paid more attention to waste reduction. Social, economic, and management aspects of waste treatment policies were considered in this study. Further, a life-cycle assessment model was applied as an evaluation system for the environmental aspect. Results of both quantitative and qualitative analyses on the social, economic, and management aspects were integrated via the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method into the comprehensive decision-making support system of multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM). A case study evaluating the waste reduction policy in Taoyuan County is presented to demonstrate the feasibility of this model. In the case study, reinforcement of MSW sorting was shown to be the best practice. The model in this study can be applied to other cities faced with the waste reduction problems. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
208702 | Communication between Functional Molecules using Photocontrolled Ions | The goal of COMMOTION is to establish a strategy whereby functional molecular devices (e.g. photo-/electroactive) can communicate with one another in solution and in organized, self-assembled media (biotic and abiotic). Despite intense research, no single strategy has been shown to satisfactorily connect artificial molecular components in networks. This is perhaps the greatest hurdle to overcome if implementation of artificial molecular devices and sophisticated molecule-based arrays are to become a reality. In this project, communication between distant sites / molecules will be based on the use of photoejected ions in solution and organized media (membranes, thin films, nanostructured hosts, micellar nanodomains). Ultimately this will lead to coded information transfer through ion movement, signalled by fluorescent reporter groups and induced by photomodulated receptor groups in small photoactive molecules. Integrated photonic and ionic processes operate efficiently in the biological world for the transfer of information and multiplexing distinct functional systems. Application in small artificial systems, combining “light-in, ion-out” (photoejection of an ion) and “ion-in, light-out” processes (ion-induced fluorescence), has great potential in a bottom-up approach to nanoscopic components and sensors and understanding and implementing logic operations in biological systems. Fast processes of photoejection and migration of ions will be studied in real-time (using time-resolved photophysical techniques) with high spatial resolution (using fluorescence confocal microscopy techniques) allowing evaluation of the versatility of this strategy in the treatment and transfer of information and incorporation into devices. Additionally, an understanding of the fundamental events implicated during the process of photoejection / decomplexion of coordinated ions and ion-exchange processes at membrane surfaces will be obtained. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1177/1948550617722833 | Sex Drugs And Reckless Driving Are Measures Biased Toward Identifying Risk Taking In Men | We investigated whether risk-taking measures inadvertently focus on behaviors that are more normative for men, resulting in the overestimation of gender differences. Using a popular measure of risk-taking (Domain-Specific Risk-Taking) in Study 1 (N = 99), we found that conventionally used behaviors were more normative for men, while, overall, newly developed behaviors were not. In Studies 2 (N = 114) and 3 (N = 124), we demonstrate that differences in normativity are reflected in gender differences in self-reported risk-taking, which are dependent on the specific items used. Study 3 further demonstrates that conventional, masculine risk behaviors are perceived as more risky than newly generated, more feminine items, even when risks are matched. We conclude that there is confirmation bias in risk-taking measurement. | [
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
W182561851 | Dressing for Altitude, U.S. Aviation Pressure Suits-Wiley Post to Space Shuttle | Since its earliest days, flight has been about pushing the limits of technology and, in many cases, pushing the limits of human endurance. The human body can be the limiting factor in the design of aircraft and spacecraft. Humans cannot survive unaided at high altitudes. There have been a number of books written on the subject of spacesuits, but the literature on the high-altitude pressure suits is lacking. This volume provides a high-level summary of the technological development and operational use of partial- and full-pressure suits, from the earliest models to the current high altitude, full-pressure suits used for modern aviation, as well as those that were used for launch and entry on the Space Shuttle. The goal of this work is to provide a resource on the technology for suits designed to keep humans alive at the edge of space. Hopefully, future generations will learn from the hard-fought lessons of the past. NASA is committed to the future of aerospace, and a key component of that future is the workforce. Without these men and women, technological advancements would not be possible. Dressing for Altitude is designed to provide the history of the technology and to explore the lessons learned through years of research in creating, testing, and utilizing today s high-altitude suits. It is our hope that this information will prove helpful in the development of future suits. Even with the closeout of the Space Shuttle and the planned ending of the U-2 program, pressure suits will be needed for protection as long as humans seek to explore high frontiers. The NASA Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate is committed to the training of the current and future aerospace workforce. This book and the other books published by the NASA Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate are in support of this commitment. Hopefully, you will find this book a valuable resource for many years to come. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1038/nprot.2014.072 | Using TRIP for genome-wide position effect analysis in cultured cells | The influence of local chromatin context on gene expression can be explored by integrating a transcription reporter at different locations in the genome as a sensor. Here we provide a detailed protocol for analyzing thousands of reporters integrated in parallel (TRIP) at a genome-wide level. TRIP is based on tagging each reporter with a unique barcode, which is used for independent reporter expression analysis and integration site mapping. Compared with previous methods for studying position effects, TRIP offers a 100-1,000-fold higher throughput in a faster and less-labor-intensive manner. The entire experimental protocol takes â ̂1/442 d to complete, with high-throughput sequencing and data analysis requiring an additional â ̂1/411 d. TRIP was developed by using transcription reporters in mouse embryonic stem (mES) cells, but because of its flexibility the method can be used to probe the influence of chromatin context on a variety of molecular processes in any transfectable cell line. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
10.1515/acv-2017-0003 | Lower semicontinuity and relaxation of linear-growth integral functionals under PDE constraints | We show general lower semicontinuity and relaxation theorems for linear-growth integral functionals defined on vector measures that satisfy linear PDE side constraints (of arbitrary order). These results generalize several known lower semicontinuity and relaxation theorems for BV, BD, and for more general first-order linear PDE side constrains. Our proofs are based on recent progress in the understanding of singularities of measure solutions to linear PDEs and of the generalized convexity notions corresponding to these PDE constraints. | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.3390/pharmaceutics10010017 | Preventing crystal agglomeration of pharmaceutical crystals using temperature cycling and a novel membrane crystallization procedure for seed crystal generation | In this work, a novel membrane crystallization system was used to crystallize micro-sized seeds of piroxicam monohydrate by reverse antisolvent addition. Membrane crystallization seeds were compared with seeds produced by conventional antisolvent addition and polymorphic transformation of a fine powdered sample of piroxicam form I in water. The membrane crystallization process allowed for a consistent production of pure monohydrate crystals with narrow size distribution and without significant agglomeration. The seeds were grown in 350 g of 20:80 w/w acetone-water mixture. Different seeding loads were tested and temperature cycling was applied in order to avoid agglomeration of the growing crystals during the process. Focused beam reflectance measurement (FBRM); and particle vision and measurement (PVM) were used to monitor crystal growth; nucleation and agglomeration during the seeded experiments. Furthermore; Raman spectroscopy was used to monitor solute concentration and estimate the overall yield of the process. Membrane crystallization was proved to be the most convenient and consistent method to produce seeds of highly agglomerating compounds; which can be grown via cooling crystallization and temperature cycling. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
615094 | Evolution of olfactory circuits | Nervous systems have undergone remarkable diversification in their structure and function as animals have adapted to distinct ecological niches. What are the genetic mechanisms underlying neural circuit evolution? The project addresses this fundamental question in the Drosophila olfactory system, a superior ""evo-neuro"" model for several reasons: (i) as in mammals, the Drosophila olfactory system has a modular organization, with individual olfactory receptors functionally and anatomically defining discrete sensory circuits that can be traced from the periphery to the brain; (ii) these circuits are dynamically evolving, with frequent acquisition (and loss) of receptors, olfactory neurons and odor-evoked behaviors with the ever-changing landscape of environmental volatiles; (iii) Drosophila offers unparalleled experimental accessibility to visualize and manipulate neural circuits; (iv) a wealth of insect genomes permits comparative studies to relate intra- and interspecific genotypic and phenotypic variation. Five aims address distinct aspects of olfactory circuit evolution: 1. Evolution of receptor specificity; 2. Evolution of receptor expression; 3. Evolution of sensory neuron targeting; 4. Evolution of interneuron wiring; 5. Evolution of olfactory behavior. This multidisciplinary project uses cutting-edge approaches in comparative genomics, electrophysiology, neurogenetics, transcriptomics, behavioral tracking and population genetics. By addressing how particular olfactory circuits and behaviors have evolved in Drosophila, it will provide general insights into the genetic mechanisms of nervous system evolution relevant both for other brain regions and for other species. We also anticipate that determining how brains have been sculpted through random mutation and natural selection in the past may enable future directed manipulation of the connectivity and activity of neural circuits, to enhance our understanding of brains and our ability to repair them. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1083/jcb.201002070 | The MIS12 complex is a protein interaction hub for outer kinetochore assembly | Kinetochores are nucleoprotein assemblies responsible for the attachment of chromosomes to spindle microtubules during mitosis. The KMN network, a crucial constituent of the outer kinetochore, creates an interface that connects microtubules to centromeric chromatin. The NDC80, MIS12, and KNL1 complexes form the core of the KMN network. We recently reported the structural organization of the human NDC80 complex. In this study, we extend our analysis to the human MIS12 complex and show that it has an elongated structure with a long axis of ∼22 nm. Through biochemical analysis, cross-linking–based methods, and negative-stain electron microscopy, we investigated the reciprocal organization of the subunits of the MIS12 complex and their contacts with the rest of the KMN network. A highlight of our findings is the identification of the NSL1 subunit as a scaffold supporting interactions of the MIS12 complex with the NDC80 and KNL1 complexes. Our analysis has important implications for understanding kinetochore organization in different organisms. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
W2343014819 | Effective soil strength parameters and load capacity of shallow foundations according to various Polish design codes | Standard PN-EN-1997-1 (Eurocode 7 introduced in 2010) requires the determination of bearing capacity of the subsoil on the basis of the effective values of geotechnical parameters. The total soil parameters can be used only to determine the bearing capacity in the so called undrained conditions, in transitional situation (with a fast the increase of load and slow the outflow of water). The problem with correct qualification of effective parameter values is the obstacle to the widespread use of the new code. This especially concern a smaller structures, for which advanced researches of substrate is uneconomical. The paper presents the change in the approach to the design of shallow foundations and application for that purpose an effective values of the parameters in the Polish codes over time. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1109/TUFFC.2016.2530408 | Ultrafast Harmonic Coherent Compound Uhcc Imaging For High Frame Rate Echocardiography And Shear Wave Elastography | Transthoracic shear-wave elastography (SWE) of the myocardium remains very challenging due to the poor quality of transthoracic ultrafast imaging and the presence of clutter noise, jitter, phase aberration, and ultrasound reverberation. Several approaches, such as diverging-wave coherent compounding or focused harmonic imaging, have been proposed to improve the imaging quality. In this study, we introduce ultrafast harmonic coherent compounding (UHCC), in which pulse-inverted diverging waves are emitted and coherently compounded, and show that such an approach can be used to enhance both SWE and high frame rate (FR) B-mode Imaging. UHCC SWE was first tested in phantoms containing an aberrating layer and was compared against pulse-inversion harmonic imaging and against ultrafast coherent compounding (UCC) imaging at the fundamental frequency. In vivo feasibility of the technique was then evaluated in six healthy volunteers by measuring myocardial stiffness during diastole in transthoracic imaging. We also demonstrated that improvements in imaging quality could be achieved using UHCC B-mode imaging in healthy volunteers. The quality of transthoracic images of the heart was found to be improved with the number of pulse-inverted diverging waves with a reduction of the imaging mean clutter level up to 13. 8 dB when compared against UCC at the fundamental frequency. These results demonstrated that UHCC B-mode imaging is promising for imaging deep tissues exposed to aberration sources with a high FR. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1080/19420862.2020.1714371 | A Novel Human Monoclonal Antibody Specific To The A33 Glycoprotein Recognizes Colorectal Cancer And Inhibits Metastasis | Colorectal cancer represents the second most common cause of cancer-related death. The human A33 transmembrane glycoprotein is a validated tumor-associated antigen, expressed in 95% of primary and metastatic colorectal cancers. Using phage display technology, we generated a human monoclonal antibody (termed A2) specific to human A33 and we compared its epitope and performance to those of previously described clinical-stage anti-human A33 antibodies. All antibodies recognized a similar immunodominant epitope, located in the V-domain of A33, as revealed by SPOT analysis. The A2 antibody homogenously stained samples of poorly, moderately, and well differentiated colon adenocarcinomas. All antibodies also exhibited an intense staining of healthy human colon sections. The A2 antibody, reformatted in murine IgG2a format, preferentially localized to A33-transfected CT26 murine colon adenocarcinomas in immunocompetent mice with a homogenous distribution within the tumor mass, while other antibodies exhibited a patchy uptake in neoplastic lesions. A2 efficiently induced killing of A33-expressing cells through antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in vitro and was able to inhibit the growth of A33-positive murine CT26 and C51 lung metastases in vivo. Anti-A33 antibodies may thus represent useful vehicles for the selective delivery of bioactive payloads to colorectal cancer, or may be used in IgG format in a setting of minimal residual disease. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
615954 | Multifunctional micro- and nanostructures assembled from nanoscale metal-organic frameworks and inorganic nanoparticles | In InanoMOF, we aim to develop frontier Supramolecular and Nanochemistry methodologies for the synthesis of a novel class of structures via controlled assembly of nanoscale metal-organic frameworks (nanoMOFs) and inorganic nanoparticles (INPs). These methods will embody the premise that “controlled object-by-object nano-assembly is a ground-breaking approach to explore for producing systems of higher complexity with advanced functions”. The resulting hybrid nanoMOF@INPs will marry the unique properties of INPs (magnetism of iron oxide NPs and optics of Au NPs) to the functional porosity of MOFs.
The first part of InanoMOF encompasses the design, synthesis-assembly and characterisation of nanoMOF@INPs - advanced MOF-based sorbents that incorporate the functionality of the INPs used: magnetically controlled movement, in vivo detectability, enhanced biocompatibility and porosity, pollutant removal, or controlled sorption/delivery. The second part of InanoMOF entails studying the physicochemical properties of the synthesised nanoMOF | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1038/s41598-018-31266-z | Estimating sleep parameters using an accelerometer without sleep diary | Wrist worn raw-data accelerometers are used increasingly in large-scale population research. We examined whether sleep parameters can be estimated from these data in the absence of sleep diaries. Our heuristic algorithm uses the variance in estimated z-axis angle and makes basic assumptions about sleep interruptions. Detected sleep period time window (SPT-window) was compared against sleep diary in 3752 participants (range = 60–82 years) and polysomnography in sleep clinic patients (N = 28) and in healthy good sleepers (N = 22). The SPT-window derived from the algorithm was 10. 9 and 2. 9 minutes longer compared with sleep diary in men and women, respectively. Mean C-statistic to detect the SPT-window compared to polysomnography was 0. 86 and 0. 83 in clinic-based and healthy sleepers, respectively. We demonstrated the accuracy of our algorithm to detect the SPT-window. The value of this algorithm lies in studies such as UK Biobank where a sleep diary was not used. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
US 2014/0056100 W | PHOTOVOLTAIC PANEL MOUNTING RAIL WITH INTEGRATED ELECTRONICS | A photovoltaic mounting rail that includes an elongate bottom wall, a mounting support, an outer sidewall and one or more electronic components. The mounting support extends upwardly from the bottom wall to a top wall and extends between the first and second ends of the rail. The outer sidewall extends upwardly from the bottom wall to a distal edge and also extends between the first and second ends of the bottom wall. The outer sidewall is spaced apart from the mounting support and defines a service channel between the outer sidewall and the mounting support. The rail is adapted for attachment of a photovoltaic panel with electronic devices to the top wall of the mounting support and the connection of the electronic devices to electronic components located within the service channel. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1051/0004-6361/201832999 | Chemical Inhomogeneities Amongst First Population Stars In Globular Clusters Evidence For He Variations | Spreads in light element abundances among stars (also known as multiple populations) are observed in nearly all globular clusters. One way to map such chemical variations using high-precision photometry is to employ a suitable combination of stellar magnitudes in the F275W, F336W, F438W, and F814W filters (called the “chromosome map”), to maximise the separation between the different multiple populations. For each individual cluster its chromosome map separates the first population (with metal abundance patterns typical of field halo stars) from the second population (which displays distinctive abundance variations among a specific group of light elements). Surprisingly, the distribution of first population stars in chromosome maps of several but not all clusters has been found to be more extended than expected from purely observational errors, suggesting a chemically inhomogeneous origin. We consider here three clusters with similar metallicity ([Fe/H] ~ −1. 3) and different chromosome maps, namely NGC 288, M 3, and NGC 2808, and argue that the first population extended distribution (as observed in two of these clusters) is due to spreads of the initial helium abundance and possibly a small range of nitrogen abundances as well. The presence of a range of initial He and N abundances amongst stars traditionally thought to have homogeneous composition, and that these spreads appear only in some clusters, challenges the scenarios put forward so far to explain the multiple population phenomenon. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1126/science.aac8370 | A cucurbit androecy gene reveals how unisexual flowers develop and dioecy emerges | Understanding the evolution of sex determination in plants requires identifying the mechanisms underlying the transition from monoecious plants, where male and female flowers coexist, to unisexual individuals found in dioecious species. We show that in melon and cucumber, the androecy gene controls female flower development and encodes a limiting enzyme of ethylene biosynthesis, ACS11. ACS11 is expressed in phloem cells connected to flowers programmed to become female, and ACS11 loss-of-function mutants lead to male plants (androecy). CmACS11 represses the expression of the male promoting gene CmWIP1 to control the development and the coexistence of male and female flowers in monoecious species. Because monoecy can lead to dioecy, we show how a combination of alleles of CmACS11 and CmWIP1 can create artificial dioecy. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
W249628818 | 11 Tips to Optimize QuickBooks Reporting: With Proper Guidance, CPAs Can Help Their Clients and Companies Use QuickBooks to Implement an Efficient and Effective Financial Reporting Routine | Paraphrasing the Kieso, Weygandt, and Warfield textbook Intermediate Accounting, the point of an accounting system is to summarize voluminous data to produce financial reports that management can use to run the business. Despite the textbook's position, it seems that many QuickBooks users have missed this message as they appear to use the product for little more than getting money in and out the door (via invoices and checks). To encourage better financial reporting among QuickBooks users, the JofA is presenting tips to help users streamline the reporting process and get the most out of QuickBooks' financial reporting capabilities. This article provides general tips for printing, memorizing, organizing, and distributing groups of QuickBooks reports. Next month, the JofA will publish another set of more specific tips for maximizing QuickBooks' reporting capabilities. 1. Generating and printing a collection of reports. To achieve proper reporting, companies typically need to produce dozens of weekly reports; however, when those reports are produced piecemeal or one at a time, the process is inefficient. To streamline the process, QuickBooks allows you to group dozens of reports together so they can all be printed in a single step. To use this feature, select Reports, Process Multiple Reports, select the report group to be printed, and then select Print, Print. The next several tips will walk you through the steps necessary to use this feature. 2. Creating multiple report groups. To use the Process Multiple feature, you must first create the necessary report groups such as Monday Reports and Month End Reports. Alternatively, some companies choose to group reports according to user or job function, such as Kim's Reports or CFO's Reports. To create a new report group, select Reports, Memorized Reports, Memorized Report List; then, from the Memorized Report pop-up menu, select New Group, enter a name for the new group in the Name box, and then click OK. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] Once the new group has been created, one at a time launch each report you want to add to the group, make any necessary customizations (such as adding columns or adjusting the date range), click the Memorize button at the top of the screen, enter a report name in the Name box, select the new group from the Save in Memorized Report Group dropdown list, and click OK. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] 3. Memorize reports multiple times. To distribute multiple copies of the same report, memorize that report into the same report group multiple times, customizing the report name each time. For example, you might memorize the Accounts Receivable report into the Month End Reports group three times, labeling them as AR Report for the CFO, AR Report for the Sales Manager, and AR Report for the File Drawer. Using this approach, not only do all three copies of the report print with just one click, but each report also identifies the recipient in the report's title for easier distribution. To memorize a report to a group, open the report; modify the dates, columns, filters, etc. as necessary; and then press Ctrl+M to open the Memorize Report dialog box. (If prompted, click the New button to create additional copies of the same report.) Check the box labeled Save in Memorized Report Group, select the desired group, and then click OK. 4. Collate the group. As a final step to creating a new group of reports, open the new report group by selecting Reports, Memorized Reports, Memorized Report List, then drag and drop the diamonds preceding each report name to rearrange and collate them by recipient, as shown at the bottom of the previous page. Collating the reports by recipient makes it faster and easier to distribute the printed reports to the various users. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] 5. Reporting groups electronically. Companies that prefer to distribute grouped reports electronically (as opposed to paper reports) should repeat the steps described in tip No. … | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1016/j.actbio.2019.03.040 | A soft 3D polyacrylate hydrogel recapitulates the cartilage niche and allows growth-factor free tissue engineering of human articular cartilage | Cartilage degeneration or damage treatment is still a challenge, but, tissue engineering strategies, which combine cell therapy strategies, which combine cell therapy and scaffolds, and have emerged as a promising new approach. In this regard, polyurethanes and polyacrylates polymers have been shown to have clinical potential to treat osteochondral injuries. Here, we have used polymer microarrays technology to screen 380 different polyurethanes and polyacrylates polymers. The top polymers with potential to maintain chondrocyte viability were selected, with scale-up studies performed to evaluate their ability to support chondrocyte proliferation during long-term culture, while maintaining their characteristic phenotype. Among the selected polymers, poly (methylmethacrylate-co-methacrylic acid), showed the highest level of chondrogenic potential and was used to create a 3D hydrogel. Ultrastructural morphology, microstructure and mechanical testing of this novel hydrogel revealed robust characteristics to support chondrocyte growth. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo biological assays demonstrated that chondrocytes cultured on the hydrogel had the capacity to produce extracellular matrix similar to hyaline cartilage, as shown by increased expression of collagen type II, aggrecan and Sox9, and the reduced expression of the fibrotic marker's collagen type I. In conclusion, hydrogels generated from poly (methylmethacrylate-co-methacrylic acid)created the appropriate niche for chondrocyte growth and phenotype maintenance and might be an optimal candidate for cartilage tissue-engineering applications. Significance Statement: Articular cartilage has limited self-repair ability due to its avascular nature, therefore tissue engineering strategies have emerged as a promising new approach. Synthetic polymers displaygreat potential and are widely used in the clinical setting. In our study, using the polymer microarray technique a novel type of synthetic polyacrylate was identified, that was converted into hydrogels for articular cartilage regeneration studies. The hydrogel based on poly (methylmethacrylate-co-methacrylic acid-co-PEG-diacrylate)had a controlable ultrastructural morphology, microstructure (porosity)and mechanical properties (stiffness)appropriate for cartilage engineering. Our hydrogel created the optimal niche for chondrocyte growth and phenotype maintenance for long-term culture, producing a hyaline-like cartilage extracellular matrix. We propose that this novel polyacrylate hydrogel could be an appropriate support to help in the treatment efficient cartilage regeneration. | [
"Materials Engineering",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1080/02699931.2020.1732875 | Pupil Mimicry In Infants And Parents | Changes in pupil size can reflect social interest or affect, and tend to get mimicked by observers during eye contact. Pupil mimicry has recently been observed in young infants, whereas it is unkno. . . | [
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity",
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System"
]
|
interreg_3799 | Territorial impact of EU transport and TEN policies | Major questions under this project are how and to what extent TENs provide the right answers for a balanced and polycentric territorial development as described in the ESDP, regarding infrastructures, level and quality of services provided on the infrastructures, but also in terms of regulation and pricing policy. The measures proposed in the White Paper "The European transport policy by 2010" (COM 2001/370) provide the framework for the transport related issues investigated under this project. Telecommunications, as part of the TENs, are also investigated, through the impact of ICTs on regional performance.
As a major output, the project has developed 10 scenarios (on road/rail infrastructures, pricing, and combining both) to conduct the evaluation of EU transport policy. Effects on "regional development potential" (using competitiveness, mass, connectivity and development trends as basic indicators) and polycentricism were in particular investigated. Typologies of regions were developed, based on the classification of the predicted impacts of transport, but also ICTs policies.
The ESDP policy options stress the need for an integrated approach for improved transport links, makes reference to a polycentric development model, highlight the need for efficient and sustainable transport and communication systems. The project interestingly shows the contradictions and conflicts that exist when it comes to achieving these objectives, by implementing different pricing or infrastructure policy options. | [
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
10.1038/s41597-019-0341-x | The Database of Cross-Linguistic Colexifications, reproducible analysis of cross-linguistic polysemies | AbstractAdvances in computer-assisted linguistic research have been greatly influential in reshaping linguistic research. With the increasing availability of interconnected datasets created and curated by researchers, more and more interwoven questions can now be investigated. Such advances, however, are bringing high requirements in terms of rigorousness for preparing and curating datasets. Here we present CLICS, a Database of Cross-Linguistic Colexifications (CLICS). CLICS tackles interconnected interdisciplinary research questions about the colexification of words across semantic categories in the world’s languages, and show-cases best practices for preparing data for cross-linguistic research. This is done by addressing shortcomings of an earlier version of the database, CLICS2, and by supplying an updated version with CLICS3, which massively increases the size and scope of the project. We provide tools and guidelines for this purpose and discuss insights resulting from organizing student tasks for database updates. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
10.1111/febs.15182 | Understanding muscle regenerative decline with aging: new approaches to bring back youthfulness to aged stem cells | Aging is characterized by the progressive dysfunction of most tissues and organs, which has been linked to the regenerative decline of their resident stem cells over time. Skeletal muscle provides a stark example of this decline. Its stem cells, also called satellite cells, sustain muscle regeneration throughout life, but at advanced age they fail for largely undefined reasons. Here, we discuss current understanding of the molecular processes regulating satellite cell maintenance throughout life and how age-related failure of these processes contributes to muscle aging. We also highlight the emerging field of rejuvenating biology to restore features of youthfulness in satellite cells, with the ultimate goal of slowing down or reversing the age-related decline in muscle regeneration. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
10.1371/journal.pgen.1003862 | Genomic Imprinting in the Arabidopsis Embryo Is Partly Regulated by PRC2 | Genomic imprinting results in monoallelic gene expression in a parent-of-origin-dependent manner and is regulated by the differential epigenetic marking of the parental alleles. In plants, genomic imprinting has been primarily described for genes expressed in the endosperm, a tissue nourishing the developing embryo that does not contribute to the next generation. In Arabidopsis, the genes MEDEA (MEA) and PHERES1 (PHE1), which are imprinted in the endosperm, are also expressed in the embryo; whether their embryonic expression is regulated by imprinting or not, however, remains controversial. In contrast, the maternally expressed in embryo 1 (mee1) gene of maize is clearly imprinted in the embryo. We identified several imprinted candidate genes in an allele-specific transcriptome of hybrid Arabidopsis embryos and confirmed parent-of-origin-dependent, monoallelic expression for eleven maternally expressed genes (MEGs) and one paternally expressed gene (PEG) in the embryo, using allele-specific expression analyses and reporter gene assays. Genetic studies indicate that the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) but not the DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE1 (MET1) is involved in regulating imprinted expression in the embryo. In the seedling, all embryonic MEGs and the PEG are expressed from both parents, suggesting that the imprint is erased during late embryogenesis or early vegetative development. Our finding that several genes are regulated by genomic imprinting in the Arabidopsis embryo clearly demonstrates that this epigenetic phenomenon is not a unique feature of the endosperm in both monocots and dicots. | [
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
947221 | Synaptic Switching with Halide Perovskites | Metal halide perovskites are attracting much attention because they are excellent semiconductors for use in optoelectronic devices such as solar cells, LEDs, and detectors. Next to electrons, these materials also conduct ions efficiently, and both types of conduction are modulated by light. Ion migration is mostly known to have undesirable effects in optoelectronic devices, such as hysteresis, degradation, and phase segregation. However, the interaction of light, electronic conduction and ionic motion also offers a rich parameter space to envision entirely new devices, which is almost completely unexplored until now.
I want to pioneer this new field, uncovering insights to help mitigate the undesirable effects of ion migration, and at the same time creating artificial synapses and neurons as new applications based on halide perovskites. I will first develop a novel set of techniques to study ion migration, including a technique similar to impedance spectroscopy to map the energy, density, and timescale of ions and defect states. This will allow me to distinguish ions from charge traps which usually complicate measurements. Next, I will use the new tools to pursue a complete understanding and control of the material parameters that determine ion migration. This control over the ionic motion allows me to rationally design properties of the perovskite-based artificial synapses and neurons with the potential to develop massively parallel neural networks for ultra-low power neuromorphic computation.
I am in a unique position to successfully complete the proposed program because of my pioneering role in the understanding of ion migration in perovskite materials and track record of inventing new optoelectronic devices. The proposed program will both benefit the commercialization of perovskite-based electronic devices and open new avenues for ion-based innovations. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1016/j.chembiol.2019.05.007 | The Convergence of Stem Cell Technologies and Phenotypic Drug Discovery | Recent advances in induced pluripotent stem cell technologies and phenotypic screening shape the future of bioactive small-molecule discovery. In this review we analyze the impact of small-molecule phenotypic screens on drug discovery as well as on the investigation of human development and disease biology. We further examine the role of 3D spheroid/organoid structures, microfluidic systems, and miniaturized on-a-chip systems for future discovery strategies. In highlighting representative examples, we analyze how recent achievements can translate into future therapies. Finally, we discuss remaining challenges that need to be overcome for the adaptation of the next generation of screening approaches. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1007/978-1-4614-9408-9_14 | Detection Of Mrna Expression Patterns By Nonradioactive In Situ Hybridization On Histological Sections Of Floral Tissue | Analysis of gene activity with high spatial resolution is a prerequisite for deciphering regulatory networks which underlie developmental programs. Over many years, in situ hybridization has become the gold standard for the identification of in vivo expression patterns of endogenous mRNAs. Nonetheless, the method has several limitations, and the detection of lowly expressed transcripts is still a challenge. Here, we present a robust protocol for sensitive analysis of expression patterns in inflorescence tissue of Arabidopsis thaliana. We describe how the samples are fixed, embedded, and sectioned in preparation for in situ hybridization, how RNA probes are prepared, and how hybridization and detection is carried out. While the described protocol is optimized for inflorescence meristems, it can possibly be used for other tissues as well. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1111/gove.12090 | The Limits of Regulation: Indirect Party Access to State Resources in Australia and the United Kingdom | The way in which political parties use state resources indirectly (e. g. , parliamentary expenses) receives substantial attention in public debate, particularly when surrounded by perceptions of misuse. However, scholarly studies of resources indirectly available to parties through their functions in the state, how they are used and regulated, are rare. This article presents an analytical framework that identifies and categorizes the range of indirect resources linked to parties' institutional roles. It locates these resources within a four-fold matrix of regulation, distinguishing regimes that vary in their detail and whether compliance is externally monitored. Undertaking comparative case studies of parliamentary resource use in the United Kingdom and Australia, we argue that the blurring of party-political and parliamentary roles can impede the effectiveness of regulatory regimes that democracies adopt, regardless of detail and external enforcement. These findings have important implications for regulatory reforms that seek to constrain parties' behavior to depoliticize democratic governance. | [
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
10.1109/ISPASS.2015.7095791 | Revisiting Symbiotic Job Scheduling | Symbiotic job scheduling exploits the fact that in a system with shared resources, the performance of jobs is impacted by the behavior of other co-running jobs. By coscheduling combinations of jobs that have low interference, the performance of a system can be increased. In this paper, we investigate the impact of using symbiotic job scheduling for increasing throughput. We find that even for a theoretically optimal scheduler, this impact is very low, despite the substantial sensitivity of per job performance to which other jobs are coscheduled: for example, our experiments on a 4-thread SMT processor show that, on average, the job IPC varies by 37% depending on coscheduled jobs, the per-coschedule throughput varies by 69%, and yet the average throughput gain brought by optimal symbiotic scheduling is only 3%. This small margin of improvement can be explained by the observation that all the jobs need to be eventually executed, restricting the job combinations a symbiotic job scheduler can select to optimize throughput. We explain why previous work reported a substantial gain from symbiotic job scheduling, and we find that (only) reporting turnaround time can lead to misleading conclusions. Furthermore, we show how the impact of scheduling can be evaluated in microarchitectural studies, without having to implement a scheduler. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
W1976595597 | An improved adaptive channel hopping scheme for WIA-PA Industrial Wireless Networks | Wireless Industrial communication technology becomes increasingly important and has attracted widespread attention for industrial applications. WIA-PA (Wireless Networks for Industrial Automation-Process Automation) standard is one of the three international industrial wireless standards. Because of operating on shared ISM band, anti-interference is a key issue and WIA-PA standard adopts adaptive channel hopping mechanism to coexist with other interfering systems. However, current WIA-PA standard does not present any specified scheme for the mechanism. In this paper, we propose an improved and integrated adaptive channel hopping scheme for WIA-PA networks. We present a selection approach for channel hopping sequence by considering the interference characteristic. Then we develop a novel channel assessment scheme. The detailed method combining the channel hopping scheme with WIA-PA superframe mechanism is also presented. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme can effectively improve the reliability of the system and is easy to implement in practical industrial wireless networks. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
W2003212986 | Potential of ozonolysis as a pretreatment for energy grasses | This study investigated the effect of ozonolysis on Miscanthus × giganteus, Miscanthus sinensis 'Gracillimus', Saccharum arundinaceum and Saccharum ravennae, collectively referred to as 'energy grasses'. Studies were conducted at three different ozone concentrations (40, 50 and 58 mg/l) using two ozone flow configurations - uni-directional and reversed flow. Pretreatment conditions for each variety were optimized based on lignin content and glucan recovery in ozonated solids. Results showed that ozonolysis was effective in removing up to 59.9% lignin without cellulose degradation. However, subsequent hydrolysis of pretreated solids with Cellic® CTec2 at 0.06 g/g raw biomass provided glucan conversion lower than untreated samples suggesting enzyme inhibition by lignin degradation products formed during ozonolysis. Future studies investigating hydrolysis efficiency of washed pretreated solids with higher enzyme loadings are therefore warranted to optimize the hydrolysis process and make it functionally feasible. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering"
]
|
W1523417485 | The potential of occupancy modelling as a tool for monitoring wild primate populations | Primates are a global conservation priority, with half of known species considered threatened with extinction. Monitoring trends in primate populations is important for identifying species in particular need of conservation action, and evaluating the effectiveness of interventions. Most existing primate survey methods aim to measure abundance. However, obtaining estimates of abundance with acceptable precision to detect changes in population is often expensive and time consuming. Evidence from other taxa suggests that estimating occupancy (the proportion of the area used by the species) may be less resource-intensive, yet still provide useful information for monitoring population trends. We investigate the potential of occupancy modelling for monitoring forest primates using a case study of three species of diurnal lemurs in the eastern rainforest of Madagascar. We estimated detectability and occupancy from a survey with three visits to 30 sites. Our estimates suggest that precision in occupancy estimates would be maximized by visiting a larger number of sites (therefore with limited repeat visits) for Indri indri, whereas the optimal monitoring design for Eulemur fulvus and Propithecus diadema, which showed very low detectability in our surveys, involves more frequent visits to fewer sites. Power analyses suggested that a meaningful reduction in occupancy could be detected with reasonable effort for easily detected species, but the method may prove impractical for more cryptic species. Primates pose a number of practical challenges for occupancy modelling, including choosing appropriate survey designs to satisfy closure assumptions. We suggest that if these issues can be overcome, occupancy modelling has the potential to become a valuable addition to the monitoring toolbox for the study of forest primates. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1017/9780511844317.006 | The health impact fund: Aligning incentives | The pharmaceutical industry has a poor reputation around the world. This is surprising because its products have a much more positive impact than those of other widely disliked industries such as arms, coal, and tobacco. Much public opinion about the pharmaceutical industry makes it sound as though its leaders are especially immoral in comparison to other captains of industry. This essay is based on a different hypothesis: the pharmaceutical industry is widely regarded as especially immoral because it is placed under rules that create exceptionally sharp tensions between the objectives of acting morally and making money. These tensions lead pharmaceutical firms often to act in ways that are morally regrettable and, understood by the public, these tensions also sustain the perception that these firms must be having a poor moral record, especially when they are thriving economically. Both problems can be much diminished by reducing the tension. This requires a reform of the way pharmaceutical companies are rewarded for their innovative work. We should institute an incentive and reward system that is better aligned with the key moral purpose of the pharmaceutical industry: to promote progress in human health. We should place pharmaceutical firms under rules that are so designed that these firms will do well by doing good. To explore what such rules might look like, we can begin with three obvious desiderata that would make a system for the provision of medicines highly effective in improving human health. In light of these facts, a reasonable system for the provision of medicines under modern conditions ought to have the following three features: Access. Given that medicines, once they are known, can be mass-produced at a marginal cost that is very small relative to the human and economic harms they forestall, any important existing medicine should be accessible to all patients who need it, regardless of their income and nationality. Investments in research and development (R&D) should always be concentrated on those innovation efforts from which the most cost-effective health gains can be expected. Efficiency. The entire system should be cost-effective by avoiding deadweight losses and by ensuring that the money spent on paying for medicines is used to sustain the research and development as well as the manufacture and distribution of medicines. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
3734175 | The ‘citizenship industry’: commodified citizenship, the corporate sector and global inequality | Originally introduced by the Caribbean microstate St. Kitts and Nevis in 1984, the possibility of buying citizenship via citizenship-by-investment (CBI) schemes has more recently spread across the Caribbean and to Europe. This proliferation of CBI, the associated commodification of citizenship and migration, the increase in corporate political power and reworking of social inequality are of fundamental importance to Europe and global society. Yet, CBI has received scant scholarly attention and particularly the ‘Citizenship Industry’ – the corporations and industry bodies driving and profiting from CBI – remains largely unexamined. ‘CitIndus’ addresses these gaps. It will explore how corporations effectively created, skilfully perform and arguably control the global citizenship market; illuminate their role in the proliferation of CBI, in shaping global migration regimes and as increasingly influential intermediaries between governments and citizens. Examining the Citizenship Industry will also further our understandings of how citizenship mediates global and local social inequalities and how its commodification reworks these structures of inequality. CitIndus thus advances interdisciplinary social science on citizenship, migration and social inequality. It also meets growing calls to embed migration research more effectively within social theory and advances the conversation between cutting-edge postcolonial and political economy approaches. Methodologically, CitIndus takes the innovative approach of 'following’ the Citizenship Industry, synthesising complementary qualitative methods, including document analysis, interviews, participant observation and qualitative GIS. CitIndus will be supervised by two world-leading experts: Prof Torpey, an authority on citizenship and the state at CUNY, and Prof Jazeel, an authority on postcolonial geography and migration at UCL and its Migration Research Unit, a European hub for migration research. | [
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
10.1007/s12520-017-0489-2 | Cereals, calories and change: exploring approaches to quantification in Indus archaeobotany | Several major cereal groups have been identified as staples used by the pre-urban, urban and post-urban phase populations of the Indus Civilisation (3200–1500 BCE): wheat, barley, a range of small hulled millets and also rice, though their proportional exploitation is variable across space and over time. Traditional quantification methods examine the frequency, intensity and proportionality of the use of these crops and help ascertain the ‘relative importance’ of these cereals for Indus populations. However, this notion of ‘importance’ is abstracted from the daily lives of the people using these crops and may be biased by the differential production (as well as archaeological survival) of individual cereals. This paper outlines an alternative approach to quantifying Indus cereals by investigating proportions of calories. Cereals are predominantly composed of carbohydrates and therefore provided much of the daily caloric intake among many late Holocene farming populations. The four major cereal groups cultivated by Indus farmers, however, vary greatly in terms of calories per grain, and this has an impact on their proportional input to past diets. This paper demonstrates that, when converted to proportions of calories, the perceived ‘importance’ of cereals from five Indus sites changes dramatically, reducing the role of the previously dominant small hulled millet species and elevating the role of Triticoid grains. Although other factors will also have affected how a farmer perceived the role and importance of a crop, including its ecological tolerances, investments required to grow it, and the crop’s role in the economy, this papers suggests that some consideration of what cereals meant in terms of daily lives is needed alongside the more abstracted quantification methods that have traditionally been applied. | [
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
260242 | Programming effects of early life stress exposure to bereavement on future health: a perspective in 6.7 million subjects in 3 European countries | There have been significant challenges in the research areas of: 1. Foetal PROGramming. The widely use of growth variables as the indicators of foetal environment remains the major methodological limitation. And no research in humans has been able to examine the biomarkers at different programming stages from exposure itself to disease in one single study. 2. Stress. It remains difficult to assess stress and to obtain data on long-term health in a large study. The biological programming effects of prenatal stress need to be elucidated. 3. Bereavement. There is a significant knowledge gap in health of children bereaved by the death of a close relative. 4. Register-based research. To combine the multi-national data is necessary to understand the aetiology and the impact of rare disease and the effects of certain risk factors. But such a first attempt will face many obstacles.
The novel approaches in this study are designed to meet all the above challenges. The study uses data from 21 national databases in Denmark, Sweden, and Finland. The first component is a population-based cohort of 6.7 million children. Its objective is to examine the programming effects of an early stress exposure, bereavement during prenatal or early years in life, on a wide range of health outcomes. The second biological component is a proof of concept for foetal programming, examining biomarkers along the pathway from prenatal stress to disease.
The study is feasible only in EUROpean settings, which will strengthen the European leadership in epidemiology and public health. It may start a new era for joint European research in public health. The challenges may lead to difficulties and uncertainties for the study, which could also be the source of new scientific insights, hypotheses, and theories. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00808 | Toll-like Receptor Agonist Conjugation: A Chemical Perspective | Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are vital elements of the mammalian immune system that function by recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), bridging innate and adaptive immunity. They have become a prominent therapeutic target for the treatment of infectious diseases, cancer, and allergies, with many TLR agonists currently in clinical trials or approved as immunostimulants. Numerous studies have shown that conjugation of TLR agonists to other molecules can beneficially influence their potency, toxicity, pharmacokinetics, or function. The functional properties of TLR agonist conjugates, however, are highly dependent on the ligation strategy employed. Here, we review the chemical structural requirements for effective functional TLR agonist conjugation. In addition, we provide similar analysis for those that have yet to be conjugated. Moreover, we discuss applications of covalent TLR agonist conjugation and their implications for clinical use. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1007/s00220-010-1038-3 | Kinetically constrained lattice gases | Kinetically constrained lattice gases (KCLG) are interacting particle systems which show some of the key features of the liquid/glass transition and, more generally, of glassy dynamics. Their distintictive signature is the following: i) reversibility w. r. t. product i. i. d. Bernoulli measure at any particle density and ii) vanishing of the exchange rate across any edge unless the particle configuration around the edge satisfies a proper constraint besides hard core. Because of degeneracy of the exchange rates the models can show anomalous time decay in the relaxation process w. r. t. the usual high temperature lattice gas models particularly in the so-called cooperative case, when the vacancies have to collectively cooperate in order for the particles to move through the systems. Here we focus on the Kob-Andersen (KA) model, a cooperative example widely analyzed in the physics literature, both in a finite box with particle reservoirs at the boundary and on the infinite lattice. In two dimensions (but our techniques extend to any dimension) we prove a diffusive scaling O(L2) (apart from logarithmic corrections) of the relaxation time in a finite box of linear size L. We then use the above result to prove a diffusive decay 1/t (again apart from logarithmic corrections) of the density-density time autocorrelation function at any particle density, a result that has been sometimes questioned on the basis of numerical simulations. The techniques that we devise, based on a novel combination of renormalization and comparison with a long-range Glauber type constrained model, are robust enough to easily cover other choices of the kinetic constraints. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1038/nature22041 | Transmission of cytokinesis forces via E-cadherin dilution and actomyosin flows | During epithelial cytokinesis, the remodelling of adhesive cell-cell contacts between the dividing cell and its neighbours has profound implications for the integrity, arrangement and morphogenesis of proliferative tissues. In both vertebrates and invertebrates, this remodelling requires the activity of non-muscle myosin II (MyoII) in the interphasic cells neighbouring the dividing cell. However, the mechanisms that coordinate cytokinesis and MyoII activity in the neighbours are unknown. Here we show that in the Drosophila notum epithelium, each cell division is associated with a mechanosensing and transmission event that controls MyoII dynamics in neighbouring cells. We find that the ring pulling forces promote local junction elongation, which results in local E-cadherin dilution at the ingressing adherens junction. In turn, the reduction in E-cadherin concentration and the contractility of the neighbouring cells promote self-organized actomyosin flows, ultimately leading to accumulation of MyoII at the base of the ingressing junction. Although force transduction has been extensively studied in the context of adherens junction reinforcement to stabilize adhesive cell-cell contacts, we propose an alternative mechanosensing mechanism that coordinates actomyosin dynamics between epithelial cells and sustains the remodelling of the adherens junction in response to mechanical forces. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
CA 2306492 A | HUMAN CHECKPOINT KINASE, HCDS1, COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS | The invention provides for a novel human checkpoint kinase gene, hCDS1, translated protein, compositions, methods, and kits. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
Q2855062 | Proyecto conjunto para la internacionalización de las PYME 17/18 | Este proyecto conjunto prevé acciones de promoción internacional para aumentar el valor de las exportaciones en el volumen de negocios de la empresa y, en consecuencia, el volumen de negocios total de las empresas que participan principalmente en los mercados de China continental, Macao y Hong Kong. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
W2018593058 | Fish otolith geochemistry, environmental conditions and human occupation at Lake Mungo, Australia | Abstract Fish otoliths from the Willandra Lakes Region World Heritage Area (south-western New South Wales, Australia) have been analysed for oxygen isotopes and trace elements using in situ techniques, and dated by radiocarbon. The study focused on the lunettes of Lake Mungo, an overflow lake that only filled during flooding events and emptied by evaporation, and Lake Mulurulu, which was part of the running Willandra Creek system. Samples were collected from two different contexts: from hearths directly associated with human activity, and isolated surface finds. AMS radiocarbon dating constrains the human activity documented by five different hearths to a time span of less than 240 years around 19,350 cal. BP. These hearths were constructed in aeolian sediments with alternating clay and sand layers, indicative of fluctuating lake levels and occasional drying out. The geochemistry of the otoliths confirms this scenario, with shifts in Sr/Ca and Ba/Ca marking the entry of the fish into Lake Mungo several years before their death, and a subsequent increase in the δ 18 O by ∼4‰ indicating increasing evaporation of the lake. During sustained lake-full conditions there are considerably fewer traces of human presence. It seems that the evaporating Lake Mungo attracted people to harvest fish that might have become sluggish through oxygen starvation in an increasingly saline water body ( easy prey hypothesis). In contrast, surface finds have a much wider range in radiocarbon age as a result of reworking, and do not necessarily indicate evaporative conditions, as shown by comparison with otoliths from upstream Lake Mulurulu. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1016/S2213-8587(18)30106-2 | Effectiveness And Safety Of Long Term Treatment With Sulfonylureas In Patients With Neonatal Diabetes Due To Kcnj11 Mutations An International Cohort Study | Summary Background KCNJ11 mutations cause permanent neonatal diabetes through pancreatic ATP-sensitive potassium channel activation. 90% of patients successfully transfer from insulin to oral sulfonylureas with excellent initial glycaemic control; however, whether this control is maintained in the long term is unclear. Sulfonylurea failure is seen in about 44% of people with type 2 diabetes after 5 years of treatment. Therefore, we did a 10-year multicentre follow-up study of a large international cohort of patients with KCNJ11 permanent neonatal diabetes to address the key questions relating to long-term efficacy and safety of sulfonylureas in these patients. Methods In this multicentre, international cohort study, all patients diagnosed with KCNJ11 permanent neonatal diabetes at five laboratories in Exeter (UK), Rome (Italy), Bergen (Norway), Paris (France), and Krakow (Poland), who transferred from insulin to oral sulfonylureas before Nov 30, 2006, were eligible for inclusion. Clinicians collected clinical characteristics and annual data relating to glycaemic control, sulfonylurea dose, severe hypoglycaemia, side-effects, diabetes complications, and growth. The main outcomes of interest were sulfonylurea failure, defined as permanent reintroduction of daily insulin, and metabolic control, specifically HbA 1c and sulfonylurea dose. Neurological features associated with KCNJ11 permanent neonatal diabetes were also assessed. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials. gov, number NCT02624817. Findings 90 patients were identified as being eligible for inclusion and 81 were enrolled in the study and provided long-term (>5·5 years cut-off) outcome data. Median follow-up duration for the whole cohort was 10·2 years (IQR 9·3–10·8). At most recent follow-up (between Dec 1, 2012, and Oct 4, 2016), 75 (93%) of 81 participants remained on sulfonylurea therapy alone. Excellent glycaemic control was maintained for patients for whom we had paired data on HbA 1c and sulfonylurea at all time points (ie, pre-transfer [for HbA 1c ], year 1, and most recent follow-up; n=64)—median HbA 1c was 8·1% (IQR 7·2–9·2; 65·0 mmol/mol [55·2–77·1]) before transfer to sulfonylureas, 5·9% (5·4–6·5; 41·0 mmol/mol [35·5–47·5]; p vs pre-transfer) at 1 year, and 6·4% (5·9–7·3; 46·4 mmol/mol [41·0–56·3]; p vs year 1) at most recent follow-up (median 10·3 years [IQR 9·2–10·9]). In the same patients, median sulfonylurea dose at 1 year was 0·30 mg/kg per day (0·14–0·53) and at most recent follow-up visit was 0·23 mg/kg per day (0·12–0·41; p=0·03). No reports of severe hypoglycaemia were recorded in 809 patient-years of follow-up for the whole cohort (n=81). 11 (14%) patients reported mild, transient side-effects, but did not need to stop sulfonylurea therapy. Seven (9%) patients had microvascular complications; these patients had been taking insulin longer than those without complications (median age at transfer to sulfonylureas 20·5 years [IQR 10·5–24·0] vs 4·1 years [1·3–10·2]; p=0·0005). Initial improvement was noted following transfer to sulfonylureas in 18 (47%) of 38 patients with CNS features. After long-term therapy with sulfonylureas, CNS features were seen in 52 (64%) of 81 patients. Interpretation High-dose sulfonylurea therapy is an appropriate treatment for patients with KCNJ11 permanent neonatal diabetes from diagnosis. This therapy is safe and highly effective, maintaining excellent glycaemic control for at least 10 years. Funding Wellcome Trust, Diabetes UK, Royal Society, European Research Council, Norwegian Research Council, Kristian Gerhard Jebsen Foundation, Western Norway Regional Health Authority, Southern and Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority, Italian Ministry of Health, Aide aux Jeunes Diabetiques, Societe Francophone du Diabete, Ipsen, Slovak Research and Development Agency, and Research and Development Operational Programme funded by the European Regional Development Fund. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
204757 | The geometry of topological quantum field theories | The predictive power of quantum field theory (QFT) is a perpetual driving force in geometry. Examples include the invention of Frobenius manifolds, mixed twistor structures, primitive forms, and harmonic bundles, up to the discovery of the McKay correspondence, mirror symmetry, and Gromov-Witten invariants. Still seemingly disparate, in fact these all are related to topological (T) QFT and thereby to the work by Cecotti, Vafa et al of more than 20 years ago. The broad aim of the proposed research is to pull the strands together which have evolved from TQFT, by implementing insights from mathematics and physics. The goal is a unified, conclusive picture of the geometry of TQFTs. Solving the fundamental questions on the underlying common structure will open new horizons for all disciplines built on TQFT. Hertling’s “TERP” structures, formally unifying the geometric ingredients, will be key. The work plan is textured into four independent strands which gain full power from their intricate interrelations. (1) To implement TQFT, a construction by Hitchin will be generalised to perform geometric quantisation for spaces with TERP structure. Quasi-classical limits and conformal blocks will be studied as well as TERP structures in the Barannikov-Kontsevich construction of Frobenius manifolds. (2) Relating to singularity theory, a complete picture is aspired, including matrix factorisation and allowing singularities of functions on complete intersections. A main new ingredient are QFT results by Martinec and Moore. (3) Incorporating D-branes, spaces of stability conditions in triangulated categories will be equipped with TERP structures. To use geometric quantisation is a novel approach which should solve the expected convergence issues. (4) For Borcherds automorphic forms and GKM algebras their as yet cryptic relation to “generalised indices” shall be demystified: In a geometric quantisation of TERP structures, generalised theta functions should appear naturally. | [
"Mathematics",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
W882428385 | ”TÄMÄ PUHELIN ON TAIVAAN LAHJA” : Vertaislinja muistisairauden kanssa elävän tukena | Puhakka Karoliina Peer-listening phone service supporting people with dementia and their family 43 p., 1 appendix. Language: Finnish. Helsinki, Spring 2011. Diaconia University of Applied Sciences. Degree Programme in Nursing, Option in Nursing. Degree: Nurse. Peer-support is one of the relative s or dementia suffering person s form of support. It helps coping with dementia. Health care professionals should guide relatives and dementia patients to this significant support. The aim of this study was to establish what the needs of information and support were for those people who call to Vertaislinja of Muistiliitto (Alzheimer Society of Finland). Vertaislinja is a peer-listening phone service. Volunteers work at this phone service and they fill in a form based on every call. Muistiliitto society has stored every form since the phone service was established in 2004. From this material I chose all the forms from year 2008. The final number of research material consisted of 266 forms. I analyzed the callers and the call topics from the forms as well as where the volunteers referred the callers to during the call. The typical caller of Vertaislinja was a wife of a person with Alzheimer s disease (n=80) or their daughter (n=79). The most common topic of the call was telling about concerns (n=89). Usually the caller wanted to tell their concerns about daily matters. The second most common topic was talking about the symptoms and the research of the disease (n=74). In all 53 calls, callers wanted to ask advice or receive information on something. Based on the results of this thesis, relatives and people close to the person suffering from dementia as well as the person themselves need some information of the disease, its symptoms and advice on daily situations as well as information on peer group activity. Sometimes volunteers also refer callers to peer groups and other recreational activities. According to the results, family members and people with dementia need also information that only health care professionals can provide. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
Q3858654 | Steigerung der Produktionskapazität und Stärkung des Exportpotenzials von Electrostart JSC | Electrostart JSC ist das einzige Unternehmen in Bulgarien für die Herstellung von Vorschaltgeräten für Leuchtstoff-, Natrium-, Quecksilber- und Metallhalogenlampen. (Die Rosle ist eine Spule mit einer Magnetpipeline. Gegründet als Staatswerk in der Stadt Varshets, Bezirk Montana 1967, wurde Elektrostart 1993 als Aktiengesellschaft registriert und wurde für seine 22-jährige neue Geschichte zu einem der größten und am schnellsten wachsenden Privatunternehmen auf der Balkanhalbinsel. Die Produkte von Electrostart werden vollständig in der Beleuchtungsindustrie als Komponenten verwendet, die in Beleuchtungseinrichtungen von Unternehmen integriert sind, die Design und Konstruktion von Beleuchtungsanlagen für Straßenbeleuchtung, Innenbeleuchtung, Industriebeleuchtung, Architektur, Parkbeleuchtung, Sporthallen und Stadien und andere anbieten: •Fluorescent-Leuchten •Transformer •Drossel für Gasentladungslampen •Gasentladungslampenkits •Illuminationsgeräte •Elektronische Drosseln • Elektronische Bohrer • Elektronische Bohrer • Elektronische Bohrer • Elektronische Bohrer • Elektronische Bohrer • Elektronische Bohrer • Elektronische Bohrer • Elektronische Bohrer • Elektronische Bohrer • Elektronische Bohrer • Elektronische Bohrer • Elektronische Bohrer • Elektronische Bohrer • Elektronische Bohrer • Elektronische Bohrer • Elektronische Bohrer • Elektronische Bohrer • Elektronische Bohrer • Elektronische Bohrer • Elektronische Bohrer • Elektronische Bohrer • Elektronische Bohrer • Elektronische Bohrer • Elektronische Bohrer • Elektronische Bohrer • Elektronische Bohrer • Elektronische Bohrer • Elektronische Bohrer • Elektronische Bohrer • Elektronische Bohrer • Elektronische Bohrer • Elektronische Bohrer • Elektronische Bohrer • Elektronische Bohrmaschinen • Elektronische Bohrmaschinen • Elektronische Bohrer • Elektronische Bohrer • Elektronische Bohrer • Elektronische Bohrer • Elektronische Bohrmaschinen • Elektronische Bohrmaschinen • Elektronische Bohrer • Elektronische Bohrer • Elektronische Bohrer • Elektronische Bohrmaschinen • Elektronische Bohrer • Elektronische Bohrer • Elektronische Bohrer • Elektronische Bohrer • Elektronische Bohrer • Elektronische Bohrer • Elektronische Bohrer • Elektronische Bohrer • Elektronische Bohrer • Elektronische Bohrer • Elektronische Bohrer • Elektronische Bohrer • Um unsere strategischen Entwicklungspläne zur Steigerung der Produktivität und zur Steigerung der Produktionsmengen für aktuelle und neue Kunden umzusetzen, planen wir die Umsetzung dieses Projekts, einschließlich Maßnahmen zur Verbesserung der Produktionsprozesse und Aktivitäten zur Umsetzung neuer Technologien zur Verbesserung der Ressourceneffizienz und Effizienz im Produktionsprozess. Die Projektaktivitäten werden durch den Kauf und die Inbetriebnahme der ausgewählten notwendigen Ausrüstung durchgeführt. Das Projekt zielt darauf ab, die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit von Electrostart JSC zu erhöhen, indem die Produktionskapazität erhöht und das Exportpotenzial des Unternehmens gestärkt wird. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1152/jn.00502.2017 | Modeling auditory-visual evoked eye-head gaze shifts in dynamic multisteps | In dynamic visual or auditory gaze double-steps, a brief target flash or sound burst is presented in midflight of an ongoing eye-head gaze shift. Behavioral experiments in humans and monkeys have indicated that the subsequent eye and head movements to the target are goal-directed, regardless of stimulus timing, first gaze shift characteristics, and initial conditions. This remarkable behavior requires that the gaze-control system 1) has continuous access to accurate signals about eye-in-head position and ongoing eye-head movements, 2) that it accounts for different internal signal delays, and 3) that it is able to update the retinal ( TE) and head-centric ( TH) target coordinates into appropriate eye-centered and head-centered motor commands on millisecond time scales. As predictive, feedforward remapping of targets cannot account for this behavior, we propose that targets are transformed and stored into a stable reference frame as soon as their sensory information becomes available. We present a computational model, in which recruited cells in the midbrain superior colliculus drive eyes and head to the stored target location through a common dynamic oculocentric gaze-velocity command, which is continuously updated from the stable goal and transformed into appropriate oculocentric and craniocentric motor commands. We describe two equivalent, yet conceptually different, implementations that both account for the complex, but accurate, kinematic behaviors and trajectories of eye-head gaze shifts under a variety of challenging multisensory conditions, such as in dynamic visual-auditory multisteps. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
305377 | Bridging the gap between Gas Emissions and geophysical observations at active volcanoes | In spite of their significance in a variety of volcanological aspects, gas observations at volcanoes have lagged behind geophysical studies for a long time. This has primarily reflected the inherent technical limitations met by gas geochemists in capturing volcanic gas properties (chemistry and flux) at high-rate (1 Hz), and using permanent instrumental arrays. The poor temporal resolution of volcanic gas observations has, in addition, precluded the real-time analysis of fast-occurring volcanic processes, as those occurring shortly prior to eruptions, therefore generally limiting the use of gas geochemistry in volcanic hazard assessment. However, the recent progresses made by modern multi-component/high frequency measurement techniques now open the way for decisive step ahead in the current state-of-the-art to be finally attempted.
The BRIDGE research proposal has the ambitious goals to bridge the existing technological gap between geochemical and geophysical observations at volcanoes. This will be achieved by designing, setting up, and deploying in the field, innovative instruments for 1 Hz observations of volcanic SO2 and CO2 fluxes. From this, the co-acquired volcanic gas and geophysical information will be then combined within a single interpretative framework, therefore contributing to fill our current gap of knowledge on fast (timescales of seconds/minutes) degassing processes, and to deeper exploration of the role played by gas exsolution from (and migration through) silicate liquids as effective source mechanism of the physical signals (e.g., LP and VLP seismicity, and tremor) measured at volcanoes. Finally, this combined volcanic gas-geophysical approach will be used to yield improved modelling/understanding of a variety of volcanic features, including modes/rates of gas separation from magmas, mechanisms of gas flow in conduits, and trigger mechanisms of explosive volcanic eruptions. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
866494 | Magneto-Acoustically Engineered Steerable Robots | Manual insertion of rigid and unactuated probes are commonly used during minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for delivering diagnostic agents and performing therapeutic interventions. These agents move in an uncontrolled way and are visualized using non-real-time imaging modalities. Controlled release and real-time navigation of these agents would revolutionize MIS and pioneer a myriad of novel clinical interventions, including on-site diagnosis and targeted drug delivery. The goal of MAESTRO is to design a magneto-acoustic robotic system that will enable precise delivery of a wide range of diagnostic and therapeutic micro-agents using ultrasound (US) and fluorescence images for accurate feedback. In an unprecedented approach, I propose that the magneto-acoustic agents will be delivered using a magnetically-actuated flexible probe. As the probe and micro-agents deviate from their intended paths due to probe-tissue interaction and physiological processes, their controlled navigation requires development of a reliable multi-scale 3D model describing the evolving shape of the probe, and real-time tracking of micro-agents. These challenges will be overcome using a personalized pre-operative model based on anatomical details (acquired via US and fluorescence images) to achieve real-time intra-operative control of the probe, with feedback from US images and optical sensors. Furthermore, ultrafast US- and fluorescence-based imaging will be coupled to electromagnetic and piezoelectric systems to robustly control the micro-agents. The novel probe and micro-agents will be designed and evaluated in clinically-relevant scenarios with realistic physiological functionalities. The knowledge gained will be applicable to a range of flexible instruments, and to an assortment of personalized treatment scenarios. This research is motivated by the need to further reduce the invasiveness of MIS, improve clinical outcomes, minimize patient trauma, and enable treatment of inoperable patients. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1109/TRO.2018.2830369 | Physically Plausible Wrench Decomposition For Multieffector Object Manipulation | When manipulating an object with multiple effectors such as in multidigit grasping or multiagent collaboration, forces and torques (i. e. , wrench) applied to the object at different contact points generally do not fully contribute to the resultant object wrench, but partly compensate each other. The current literature, however, lacks a physically plausible decomposition of the applied wrench into its manipulation and internal components. We formulate the wrench decomposition as a convex optimization problem, minimizing the Euclidean norms of manipulation forces and torques. Physical plausibility in the optimization solution is ensured by constraining the internal and manipulation wrench by the applied wrench. We analyze specific cases of three-fingered grasping and 2-D beam manipulation, and show the applicability of our method to general object manipulation with multiple effectors. The wrench decomposition method is then extended to quantification of measures that are important in evaluating physical human–human and human–robot interaction tasks. We validate our approach via comparison to the state of the art in simulation and via application to a human–human object transport study. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
US 85877697 A | Method for establishing a master-slave relationship in a peer-to-peer network | A system is provided for establishing a master-slave relationship at the physical layer between a first device and a second device in a peer-to-peer network. The system generates a first information which is associated with the first device. A second information is generated and associated with the second device. The first information is compared with the second information to generate a comparison result. Based on the comparison result, one device is designated as a master and the other device is designated as a slave. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1016/j.concog.2011.09.002 | Measuring consciousness: Task accuracy and awareness as sigmoid functions of stimulus duration | When consciousness is examined using subjective ratings, the extent to which processing is conscious or unconscious is often estimated by calculating task performance at the subjective threshold or by calculating the correlation between accuracy and awareness. However, both these methods have certain limitations. In the present article, we propose describing task accuracy and awareness as functions of stimulus intensity (thus obtaining an accuracy and an awareness curve) as suggested by Koch and Preuschoff (2007). The estimated lag between the curves describes how much stimulus intensity must increase for awareness to change proportionally as much as accuracy and the slopes of the curves are used to assess how fast accuracy and awareness increases and whether awareness is dichotomous. The method is successfully employed to assess consciousness characteristics on data from four different awareness scales. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
W1985419471 | Why the Basic Structure? | John Rawls famously holds that the basic structure is the ‘primary subject of justice.’ By this, he means that his two principles of justice apply only to a society's major political and social institutions, including chiefly the constitution, the economic and legal systems, and (more contentiously) the family structure. This thesis — call it the basic structure restriction — entails that the celebrated difference principle has a narrower scope than one might have expected. It doesn't apply directly to choices that individuals make within the basic structure. Individuals can live up to the demands of justice simply by obeying whatever rules are set by, and by doing what is necessary to sustain, the basic structure; they needn't attempt to benefit maximally the worst off through their personal choices. Nor does the principle apply to interactions taking place beyond the basic structure, on the international stage. International actors can live up to the demands of justice by observing a comparatively modest ‘duty of assistance’ toward severely destitute societies; they needn't make it their aim to benefit maximally the world's poorest individuals. | [
"Texts and Concepts",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
10.1364/OL.37.003381 | Optical Trapping Of Nanotubes With Cylindrical Vector Beams | We use laser beams with radial and azimuthal polarization to optically trap carbon nanotubes. We measure force constants and trap parameters as a function of power showing improved axial trapping efficiency with respect to linearly polarized beams. The analysis of the thermal fluctuations highlights a significant change in the optical trapping potential when using cylindrical vector beams. This enables the use of polarization states to shape optical traps according to the particle geometry, as well as paving the way to nanoprobe-based photonic force microscopy with increased performance compared to a standard linearly polarized configuration. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
Q4763188 | I.S.A. S.A.S. DI DI BLASIO CLAUDIO & C. | L’INTERVENTION, À L’INSTAR DE GIA’ACCENNATO, CONSISTE À REMPLACER LE COUPEUR PROFESSIONNEL POUR LA FABRICATION DE FENÊTRES EN ALUMINIUM SUR MESURE PAR UNE MACHINE DE NOUVELLE GÉNÉRATION QUI, CONTRAIREMENT À LA PRÉCÉDENTE, PRÉSENTE DES INNOVATIONS SIGNIFICATIVES TANT EN CE QUI CONCERNE LES CARACTÉRISTIQUES TECHNIQUES QUE LES LOGICIELS DE PROGRAMMATION ET DE FONCTIONNEMENT DE CELUI-CI. EN PARTICULIER, L’INTRODUCTION DE LA NOUVELLE MACHINE, UNE MACHINE DE DÉCOUPE ROTATIVE À DEUX TÊTES DANS WIDIA MOD. BLIT ALVA, DU FOURNISSEUR FOMINDUSTRIE, EST NOTAMMENT MOTIVÉE PAR LA NÉCESSITÉ D’INNOVER CONSIDÉRABLEMENT LE PROCESSUS DE PRODUCTION POUR RÉDUIRE LES COÛTS DE PRODUCTION, TANT PAR RAPPORT AU COÛT D’ACHAT DE LA MATIÈRE PREMIÈRE, QUI A CONSIDÉRABLEMENT AUGMENTÉ CES DERNIÈRES ANNÉES, TANT EN CE QUI CONCERNE LA PHASE DE PRODUCTION, EN INTERVENANT SUR LA RÉDUCTION DES TEMPS DE PRODUCTION QUE PAR LA PLUS GRANDE FLEXIBILITÉ DES NOUVELLES MACHINES EN TERMES DE PRODUCTION DE PIÈCES SUR MESURE. L’OBJECTIF VISÉ PAR L’ENTREPRISE | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1007/s00332-012-9135-4 | G-strands | A G-strand is a map g(t, s) : ℝ × ℝ→G for a Lie group G that follows from Hamilton's principle for a certain class of G-invariant Lagrangians. The SO(3)- strand is the G-strand version of the rigid body equation and it may be regarded physically as a continuous spin chain. Here, SO(3) K-strand dynamics for ellipsoidal rotations is derived as an Euler-Poincaré system for a certain class of variations and recast as a Lie-Poisson system for coadjoint flow with the same Hamiltonian structure as for a perfect complex fluid. For a special Hamiltonian, the SO(3) K-strand is mapped into a completely integrable generalization of the classical chiral model for the SO(3)-strand. Analogous results are obtained for the Sp(2)-strand. The Sp(2)- strand is the G-strand version of the Sp(2) Bloch-Iserles ordinary differential equation, whose solutions exhibit dynamical sorting. Numerical solutions show nonlinear interactions of coherent wave-like solutions in both cases. Diff(ℝ)-strand equations on the diffeomorphism group G = Diff(ℝ) are also introduced and shown to admit solutions with singular support (e. g. , peakons). | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
EP 2012073022 W | METHOD FOR PROCESSING AN ACTUATION OF AN OPERATING ELEMENT IN A MOTOR VEHICLE | The invention relates to a method for processing an actuation of an operating element (1) in a motor vehicle, in particular an operating lever, wherein the operating element (1) is actuated at least by the driver of the motor vehicle, and a plurality of sensors (S1, S2, S3, S4), which are activated at least in part in the event of an actuation of the operating element (1), are arranged on the operating element (1). The method according to the invention is characterized in that the temporal order of activation of the sensors (S1, S2, S3, S4) during actuation of the operating element (1) is detected and, on the basis of the temporal order, it is determined whether the actuation is undesired, undesired actuations comprising unintended actuations and/or actuations by a passenger. The execution of one or a plurality of actions in the motor vehicle that are coupled to the actuation of the operating element (1) is blocked in the event of an undesired actuation. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
CH 9900379 W | HEARING AID ADAPTING DEVICE | Hearing perceptions are inputted (5) into an adaptation calculator (3) that calculates the changes to be made in the parameters ( alpha x) of the hearing aid transmission function and transmits them to the hearing aid (7). The calculator (3) determines which audio test signal (T) is to be pressed on to the person using the hearing aid. To this end, the hearing aid adapting device comprises the above-mentioned calculator (3) and an audio storage medium-playback unit (9). The calculator (3) controls (E9) which audio test signal is to be played back. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1038/s41467-018-06699-9 | TBX2 is a neuroblastoma core regulatory circuitry component enhancing MYCN/FOXM1 reactivation of DREAM targets | Chromosome 17q gains are almost invariably present in high-risk neuroblastoma cases. Here, we perform an integrative epigenomics search for dosage-sensitive transcription factors on 17q marked by H3K27ac defined super-enhancers and identify TBX2 as top candidate gene. We show that TBX2 is a constituent of the recently established core regulatory circuitry in neuroblastoma with features of a cell identity transcription factor, driving proliferation through activation of p21-DREAM repressed FOXM1 target genes. Combined MYCN/TBX2 knockdown enforces cell growth arrest suggesting that TBX2 enhances MYCN sustained activation of FOXM1 targets. Targeting transcriptional addiction by combined CDK7 and BET bromodomain inhibition shows synergistic effects on cell viability with strong repressive effects on CRC gene expression and p53 pathway response as well as several genes implicated in transcriptional regulation. In conclusion, we provide insight into the role of the TBX2 CRC gene in transcriptional dependency of neuroblastoma cells warranting clinical trials using BET and CDK7 inhibitors. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1177/1477370813495127 | Immigration control in Ultima Thule: Detention and exclusion, Norwegian style | The Aliens Holding Centre at Trandum, about 40 minutes north of Norway's capital city of Oslo, is the country's only closed immigration detention centre. Although detainees are held there as a result of having violated the Immigration Act and not the Penal Code, and whilst their detention is meant to facilitate deportation and not as punishment, Trandum's Centre looks and feels exactly like a conventional prison in a variety of ways. The aim of this article is to introduce the Aliens Holding Centre at Trandum as part of a wider Norwegian (and thus European) immigration control regime, as well as detailing information about the centre in itself, drawing to this end on publicly available reports by the Norwegian Parliamentary Ombudsman for Public Administration, the Independent Council in charge of monitoring operations at Trandum's Centre, and the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
10.7554/eLife.29959 | Subcellular analysis of pigeon hair cells implicates vesicular trafficking in cuticulosome formation and maintenance | Hair cells are specialized sensors located in the inner ear that enable the transduction of sound, motion, and gravity into neuronal impulses. In birds some hair cells contain an iron-rich organelle, the cuticulosome, that has been implicated in the magnetic sense. Here, we exploit histological, transcriptomic, and tomographic methods to investigate the development of cuticulosomes, as well as the molecular and subcellular architecture of cuticulosome positive hair cells. We show that this organelle forms rapidly after hatching in a process that involves vesicle fusion and nucleation of ferritin nanoparticles. We further report that transcripts involved in endocytosis, extracellular exosomes, and metal ion binding are differentially expressed in cuticulosome positive hair cells. These data suggest that the cuticulosome and the associated molecular machinery regulate the concentration of iron within the labyrinth of the inner ear, which might indirectly tune a magnetic sensor that relies on electromagnetic induction. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System"
]
|
10.1039/C6CE00825A | Advanced Composites Based On Relaxor Ferroelectric Single Crystals From Electromechanical Coupling To Energy Harvesting Applications | Domain-engineered relaxor-ferroelectric single crystals with compositions near the morphotropic phase boundary are considered as a key component for modern high-performance piezo-active composites. The advantages of using the relaxor-ferroelectric single crystals of solid solutions of (1 − x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 − xPbTiO3 and (1 − y)Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 − yPbTiO3 in piezo-active composites of 2–2 and 1–3 configurations are discussed by taking into account the complex relationships between the outstanding properties of the components and the effective parameters of the composite structure as a whole. Examples of their high piezoelectric activity, strong electromechanical coupling, large piezoelectric anisotropy, and large hydrostatic parameters of the composites demonstrate how the relaxor-ferroelectric single-crystal component improves the effective parameters and promotes the formation of non-monotonic volume-fraction dependences of particular effective parameters that are of interest for a variety of piezotechnical applications, such as transducers, sensors, hydrophones, and energy-harvesting devices. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
622030 | High performing and safe solvent derived from cellulosic feedstocks | ReSolute Project aims to pave the way for the production, at full industrial scale, of novel, non-toxic and high performing solvent from wood biomass. The Chemical sector is today facing a number of challenges driving demand for higher performing and safer chemicals derived from biomass. In the meantime, in the face of declining demand for paper, the pulp and paper industry is actively exploring opportunities to diversify into new areas or business including bio-based chemicals. In response to these needs, Circa has developed, at demonstration scale, a proprietary process to produce a novel bio-paper sector. From LGO ca be derived a wide range of chemicals including solvents, specialty polymers, flavours & fragrances, pharmaceutical and agrochemical actives. Circa’s first commercial product – a novel solvent trademarked as Cyrene – has already been trialled by more than 400 compagnies and researchers across the world and, for a growing number of applications, outperforms traditional dipolar aprotic solvents such as NMP, DMF and DMAc, which are under intense regulatory pressure due to their toxicity. Building on Circa group’s unique experience gained over the last 10 years via its 4 pilots and its operating demonstration plant, one of ReSolute’s key objectives will be to build and successfully operate a first-of-its kind Flagship Cyrene plant. The biorefinery will be built in France on the Carling Saint-Avold platform site owned by Total. The Flagship plant is expected to be mainly fed with saw dust and have a nameplate capacity of 1,000 metric tonnes per year. To reach this ambitious target, ReSolute will bring together 11 key actors along the entire value chain and will look to valorize the main by-product (biochar) in the energy and activated carbon markets. | [
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1140/epjb/e2018-90225-3 | Asymptotic nodal planes in the electron density and the potential in the effective equation for the square root of the density | It is known that the asymptotic decay (|r|→∞) of the electron density n(r) outside a molecule is informative about its first ionization potential I0. It has recently become clear that the special circumstance that the Kohn–Sham (KS) highest-occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) has a nodal plane that extends to infinity may give rise to different cases for the asymptotic behavior of the exact density and of the exact KS potential [P. Gori-Giorgi et al. , Mol. Phys. 114, 1086 (2016)]. Here we investigate the consequences of such a HOMO nodal plane for the effective potential in the Schrödinger-like equation for the square root of the density, showing that for atoms and molecules it will usually diverge asymptotically on the plane, either exponentially or polynomially, depending on the coupling between Dyson orbitals. We also analyze the issue in the external harmonic potential, reporting an example of an exact analytic density for a fully interacting system that exhibits a different asymptotic behavior on the nodal plane. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
W2074505420 | Study on the Interaction between Gadolinium(III) Aminopolycarboxlicacid Complex and Bovine Serum Album by Spectroscopic Methods | A novel gadolinium diethylenetriamine-N, N-bis (2-acetamide benzoic acid)-N, N-bisacetic acid complex has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectrum, ultraviolet spectroscopy and thermal analysis. The interaction between Gd 3+ and aminopolycarboxlicacid ligand was investigated by fluorescence titration. The binding constant of this complex is calculated to be 1.2018×10 4 L·mol -1 , and binding stoichiometry is 1:1. Fluorescence spectra was also used to study the interaction between Gd (III) complex and bovine serum album (BSA). The results showed that Gd (III) complex can effectively quench the intrinsic fluorescence of BSA via static quenching. According to Stern-Volmer equation and Linewerver-Burk equation, the binding constant is calculated to be 3.7491×10 4 L·mol -1 and binding site is about 1.0. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.10.061 | Representation of spatial sequences using nested rules in human prefrontal cortex | Memory for spatial sequences does not depend solely on the number of locations to be stored, but also on the presence of spatial regularities. Here, we show that the human brain quickly stores spatial sequences by detecting geometrical regularities at multiple time scales and encoding them in a format akin to a programming language. We measured gaze-anticipation behavior while spatial sequences of variable regularity were repeated. Participants’ behavior suggested that they quickly discovered the most compact description of each sequence in a language comprising nested rules, and used these rules to compress the sequence in memory and predict the next items. Activity in dorsal inferior prefrontal cortex correlated with the amount of compression, while right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex encoded the presence of embedded structures. Sequence learning was accompanied by a progressive differentiation of multi-voxel activity patterns in these regions. We propose that humans are endowed with a simple “language of geometry” which recruits a dorsal prefrontal circuit for geometrical rules, distinct from but close to areas involved in natural language processing. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
263741 | Professions in International Political Economies | Who writes the rules for the governance of the world economy? The Professions in International Political Economies (PIPES) project is concerned with how professional actors compete in public and private arenas to provide solutions to policy problems. This project provides an original framework to understand how actors in professions shape global economic governance in a manner that commonly ignores public-private distinctions. Rather than conforming to public-private or national-international distinctions, actors create networks through their professional skills. From this context, networks of actors form strategies that link their profession to others to dominate how particular policy problems should be understood.
Actors in professions form coalitions and alliances to protect their power and prestige, as well as to create consensus on how to treat policy problems and what represents world’s best practice. Since actors never really have control over how ideas are interpreted they must strategize in an ongoing fight for control over how certain problems should be understood. PIPES is concerned with mapping how professions fight over how to solve policy problems across a range of issue-areas in the world economy where there is a change in economic practices and markets. These are divided into four areas of governance: finance; health; capacity building; and the environment. Among others, topics to be studied include risk management technologies in finance, low fertility problems in the OECD, and the development of carbon ratings markets. The PIPES research team employs a mixed methods approach that combines qualitative structured and focused comparisons from primary evidence (interviews and primary documents) and participant observation, as well as quantitative analysis through network and content analysis of professional associational contexts. PIPES will also use Case Study Integrity Fora to facilitate knowledge exchange between scholars and practitioners. | [
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
W1940041169 | Natural enemies of soft scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae) in Australian vineyards | Background and Aims
There is increasing interest in using natural enemies to control pests in viticulture, but in Australian vineyards, this is often hampered by a lack of information on enemies of particular pest groups. Here we provide an assessment for the first time of the natural enemies of coccids of grapevines.
Methods and Results
The main coccid pest, Parthenolecanium persicae, was attacked by the parasitoid Metaphycus maculipennis, which constituted 75% of the parasitoids collected from this species. The second most abundant coccid in Australia vineyards, Parthenolecanium pruinosum, was attacked only by one parasitoid, Coccophagus lycimnia. The most common coccinellid predator was Rhyzobius pulchellus, whereas other coccinellids including Cryptolaemus montrouzieri were less common. Several other coleopteran species as well as the moth Mataeomera dubia and several neuroptera are also likely to be important coccid predators.
Conclusions
These results point to a complex and much wider range of natural enemies attacking vineyard Coccidae than previously appreciated, although P. pruinosum may have few enemies.
Significance of the Study
Grapevine scale pests have an array of natural enemies including parasitoids, beetles, moth larvae and lacewings, highlighting the importance of maintaining a diverse insect community in vineyards for biological control. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering"
]
|
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