id
stringlengths 6
42
| title
stringlengths 3
499
| abstract
stringlengths 0
6.24k
| label
listlengths 1
6
|
|---|---|---|---|
EP 2020082155 W | DOOR FOR A GARAGE, HALL, AND THE LIKE, COMPRISING A CLOSURE SYSTEM FOR OPENING AND CLOSING THE DOOR OPENING | The invention relates to a door for a garage, hall, and the like, comprising a closure system for opening and closing the door opening by means of lamellae which can be vertically moved in the opening by at least one drive train and which close the opening when arranged one over the other, wherein at the lowest position of each lamellae during a lowering process for opening the door, the lamellae can be transferred into a floor storage area, which is preferably arranged underground, transversely to the lowering direction, in particular perpendicularly to the lowering direction, in the floor region. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
interreg_3907 | The ways of the traveler 2.0 | The project implements a product / service innovation: the diversification of the tourism offer and the promo-marketing on the international markets of the cross-border tourist itinerary "Le vie del Viandante", built in the 2007-2013 INTERREG Programming. The objective of the project is the coordination of a companies network and the creation of stable methods of public-private collaboration. So, two tourism industry typical competitiveness problems will bw faced: towards the market, small companies cannot access the most modern promotional and marketing tools, inland there is no route manager who proposes it as a tourist package. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
10.1371/journal.pone.0120451 | Pharmacokinetics and immunogenicity of broadly neutralizing HIV monoclonal antibodies in macaques | The identification of highly potent broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) against HIV-1, and success in preventing SHIV infection following their passive administration, have increased the likelihood that immunotherapeutic strategies can be adopted to prevent and treat HIV-1 infection. However, while broad and potent neutralizing activity is an essential prerequisite, in vivo properties such as good circulatory stability and non-immunogenicity are equally critical for developing a human treatment. In the present study, glycoforms of the bnAbs 10-1074, NIH45-46G54W, 10E8, PGT121, PGT128, PGT145, PGT135, PG9, PG16, VRC01 and b12 were produced by Agrobacterium-mediated transient transfection of Nicotiana benthamiana and assessed following administration in rhesus macaques. The results indicate that (i) N-glycans within the VL domain impair plasma stability of plant-derived bnAbs and (ii) while PGT121 and b12 exhibit no immunogenicity in rhesus macaques after multiple injections, VRC01, 10-1074 and NIH45-46G54W elicit high titer anti-idiotypic antibodies following a second injection. These anti-idiotypic antibodies specifically bind the administered bnAb or a close family member, and inhibit the bnAb in neutralization assays. These findings suggest that specific mutations in certain bnAbs contribute to their immunogenicity and call attention to the prospect that these mutated bnAbs will be immunogenic in humans, potentially compromising their value for prophylaxis and therapy of HIV-1. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
864597 | Taming Non-Equilibrium Quantum Matter | Recent experimental breakthroughs led to realization of tunable, synthetic quantum systems that allow one to probe and manipulate highly non-equilibrium quantum matter. Driving a system ouf-of-equilibrium changes its properties in unexpected ways, opening opportunities for realizing new states of matter. The central goal of this project is to develop a fundamental theoretical understanding of non-equilibrium dynamics and highly excited eigenstates in quantum many-body systems. The conventional wisdom tells that a non-equilibrium system thermalizes, and can then be described by statistical-mechanics. However, recent breakthroughs revealed an experimentally relevant class of systems, the prime example being disordered, many-body localized (MBL) systems, which defy this wisdom, avoiding thermalization. Ergodicity-breaking systems open new avenues for protecting quantum coherence, and for realizing new non-equilibrium phases of matter. We will study the fundamental mechanisms of ergodicity breaking using a multi-disciplinary approach, which builds on techniques from quantum information, condensed matter physics, quantum optics and mathematical physics. We aim to establish universality classes of quantum dynamics, by studying disordered systems with symmetries, and by characterizing entirely new mechanisms of ergodicity breaking, such as quantum many-body scars. In order to overcome the exponential growth of the many-body Hilbert space, new efficient renormalization and tensor-network methods based on quantum entanglement will be developed. Finally, approaches for manipulating quantum matter and realizing new non-equilibrium phases in ongoing experiments will be developed.
The completion of this project will lead to a universal theoretical framework for non-equilibrium quantum dynamics, complementing statistical-mechanics in ergodic systems. Such a framework will enable engineering quantum-coherent many-body states with novel properties and functionalities. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Mathematics",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
10.1126/sciadv.aaw9867 | Surface states in bulk single crystal of topological semimetal Co3Sn2S2 toward water oxidation | The band inversion in topological phase matters bring exotic physical properties such as the topologically protected surface states (TSS). They strongly influence the surface electronic structures of the materials and could serve as a good platform to gain insight into the surface reactions. Here we synthesized high-quality bulk single crystals of Co3Sn2S2 that naturally hosts the band structure of a topological semimetal. This guarantees the existence of robust TSS from the Co atoms. Co3Sn2S2 crystals expose their Kagome lattice that constructed by Co atoms and have high electrical conductivity. They serves as catalytic centers for oxygen evolution process (OER), making bonding and electron transfer more efficient due to the partially filled orbital. The bulk single crystal exhibits outstanding OER catalytic performance, although the surface area is much smaller than that of Co-based nanostructured catalysts. Our findings emphasize the importance of tailoring TSS for the rational design of high-activity electrocatalysts. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
898366 | Vibrating carbon nanotubes for probing quantum systems at the mesoscale | Many fascinating quantum behaviours occur on a scale that is intermediate between individual particles and large ensembles. It is on this mesoscopic scale that collective properties, including quantum decoherence, start to emerge.
This project will use vibrating carbon nanotubes – like guitar strings just a micrometre long – as mechanical probes in this intermediate regime. Nanotubes are ideal to explore this region experimentally, because they can be isolated from thermal noise; they are deflected by tiny forces; and they are small enough that quantum jitter significantly affects their behaviour. To take advantage of these properties, I will integrate nanotube resonators into electromechanical circuits that allow sensitive measurements at very low temperature.
First, I will study the motional decoherence of the nanotube itself, by using it as the test particle in a new kind of quantum interferometer. This experiment works by integrating the nanotube into a superconducting qubit, and will represent a test of quantum superposition on a larger mass scale than ever before. It will answer a longstanding question of physics: can a moving object, containing millions of particles, exist in a superposition of states?
Second, I will use the nanotube device as a tool to study superfluid helium 3 – the mysterious state of matter that may emulate the interacting quantum fields of the early universe. By measuring an immersed nanotube viscometer, I will be able to measure the behaviour of superfluid excitations on a scale where bulk superfluidity begins to break down.
Third, I will add to the device a nanomagnet on nanotube springs, creating an ultra-sensitive magnetic force sensor. This offers a way to perform nuclear magnetic resonance on a chip, ultimately creating a microscopy tool that could image for example single viruses. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
ES 2008070192 W | METHOD AND KIT FOR DETERMINING PREDISPOSITION TO AND RISK OF DEVELOPING PSORIASIS AND FOR THE DIAGNOSIS THEREOF | The invention relates to a method comprising the following steps: a) isolation of a nucleic acid sample from an individual; and b) analysis of said sample, a predisposition to, risk of developing or diagnosis of psoriasis being indicated if the late cornified envelope gene (LCE3C) is not detected or if a reduction in the number of copies of said gene is detected. The invention also relates to kits for carrying out said method. The method and kit can be used to obtain additional information useful for diagnosis, such that suitable treatment can be devised and the prognosis of said type of disease can be improved. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.7554/elife.43942 | Unimodal statistical learning produces multimodal object-like representations | The concept of objects is fundamental to cognition and is defined by a consistent set of sensory properties and physical affordances. Although it is unknown how the abstract concept of an object emerges, most accounts assume that visual or haptic boundaries are crucial in this process. Here, we tested an alternative hypothesis that boundaries are not essential but simply reflect a more fundamental principle: consistent visual or haptic statistical properties. Using a novel visuo-haptic statistical learning paradigm, we familiarised participants with objects defined solely by across-scene statistics provided either visually or through physical interactions. We then tested them on both a visual familiarity and a haptic pulling task, thus measuring both within-modality learning and across-modality generalisation. Participants showed strong within-modality learning and ‘zero-shot’ across-modality generalisation which were highly correlated. Our results demonstrate that humans can segment scenes into objects, without any explicit boundary cues, using purely statistical information. | [
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity",
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System"
]
|
10.1063/5.0020755 | Multicaloric Effects In Metamagnetic Heusler Ni Mn In Under Uniaxial Stress And Magnetic Field | The world's growing hunger for artificial cold, on the one hand, and the ever more stringent climate targets, on the other, pose an enormous challenge to mankind. Novel, efficient, and environmentally friendly refrigeration technologies based on solid-state refrigerants can offer a way out of the problems arising from climate-damaging substances used in conventional vapor-compressors. Multicaloric materials stand out because of their large temperature changes, which can be induced by the application of different external stimuli such as a magnetic, electric, or a mechanical field. Despite the high potential for applications and the interesting physics of this group of materials, few studies focus on their investigation by direct methods. In this paper, we report on the advanced characterization of all relevant physical quantities that determine the multicaloric effect of a Ni-Mn-In Heusler compound. We have used a purpose-designed calorimeter to determine the isothermal entropy and adiabatic temperature changes resulting from the combined action of magnetic field and uniaxial stress on this metamagnetic shape-memory alloy. From these results, we can conclude that the multicaloric response of this alloy by appropriate changes of uniaxial stress and magnetic field largely outperforms the caloric response of the alloy when subjected to only a single stimulus. We anticipate that our findings can be applied to other multicaloric materials, thus inspiring the development of refrigeration devices based on the multicaloric effect. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1130/G38575.1 | Sea Surface Temperature Evolution Across Aptian Oceanic Anoxic Event 1A | Atmospheric CO 2 possibly doubled during Oceanic Anoxic Event (OAE) 1a, likely in response to submarine volcanic outgassing. Despite being important for our understanding of the consequences of carbon cycle perturbations, the response of the climate system to this increase in greenhouse forcing is poorly constrained. Here we provide a new sea-surface temperature (SST) record from the mid-latitude proto–North Atlantic based on the organic geochemical TEX 86 paleothermometer. Using different calibrations, including the newly developed Bayesian Spatially-varying Regression (BAYSPAR) deep-time analogue approach, we demonstrate that SSTs increased by ∼2–4 °C during OAE 1a and decreased by ∼4–6 °C at its end, both simultaneous with changes in δ 13 C org , which we argue reflects changes in p CO 2 . We demonstrate that a clear latitudinal SST gradient prevailed during OAE 1a, contrary to the generally accepted view that a nearly flat SST gradient existed during OAE 1a and the Early Cretaceous. These results are more consistent with climate model simulations of the Cretaceous that have failed to produce flat SST gradients. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
Q2869637 | CONSULTA DE MESA MODUS: Penetración en la Economía Digital para apoyar el crecimiento de la empresa en el campo de la consultoría en el mercado global | CONSULTA DE MESA MODUS: Formación para el mercado global a través del Diagnóstico y Definición de una Estrategia de penetración y actuación en la Economía Digital, en canales de comunicación desmaterializados, dando lugar a la implementación de procesos optimizados de comercio electrónico y marketing digital | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1093/nar/gkw239 | RNA folding pathways in stop motion | We introduce a method for predicting RNA folding pathways, with an application to the most important RNA tetraloops. The method is based on the idea that ensembles of three-dimensional fragments extracted from high-resolution crystal structures are heterogeneous enough to describe metastable as well as intermediate states. These ensembles are first validated by performing a quantitative comparison against available solution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data of a set of RNA tetranucleotides. Notably, the agreement is better with respect to the one obtained by comparing NMR with extensive all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. We then propose a procedure based on diffusion maps and Markov models that makes it possible to obtain reaction pathways and their relative probabilities from fragment ensembles. This approach is applied to study the helix-to-loop folding pathway of all the tetraloops from the GNRA and UNCG families. The results give detailed insights into the folding mechanism that are compatible with available experimental data and clarify the role of intermediate states observed in previous simulation studies. The method is computationally inexpensive and can be used to study arbitrary conformational transitions. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1039/C6CP05658J | A Redox Active Radical As An Effective Nanoelectronic Component Stability And Electrochemical Tunnelling Spectroscopy In Ionic Liquids | A redox-active persistent perchlorotriphenylmethyl (PTM) radical chemically linked to gold exhibits stable electrochemical activity in ionic liquids. Electrochemical tunnelling spectroscopy in this medium demonstrates that the PTM radical shows a highly effective redox-mediated current enhancement, demonstrating its applicability as an active nanometer-scale electronic component. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
W1988182021 | Summary of: Antibiotic prophylaxis in dentistry: part I. A qualitative study of professionals' views on the NICE guideline | Background The NICE guideline for antibiotic prophylaxis before dental treatment has made a substantive change and fundamental departure from previous practice that affects long-standing beliefs and practice patterns. There is potential difficulty for healthcare professionals explaining the new guidance to patients who have long believed that they must receive antibiotics before their dental treatment. Aim To explore clinicians' attitudes towards the NICE guidance on antibiotic prophylaxis, their use of the guideline in clinical practice, barriers to the implementation of the guideline, and how best to overcome any perceived barriers. Methods In-depth interviews were conducted with seven dental care professionals, two cardiologists and a cardiac care nurse. The data were analysed using the framework method to extract central themes and opinions. Results Clinicians generally perceived that initially patients would be reluctant to follow the NICE guidance. This was felt to be particularly true of the patient cohort that had previously been prescribed prophylactic antibiotics. They found it difficult to explain the new guidance to patients who have had infective endocarditis and have long believed that they must receive antibiotics before their dental treatment. Concerns were also raised about the legal position of a clinician who did not follow the guidance. Clinicians generally suggested that the provision of accurate information in the form of leaflets and valid websites would be the best way to advise patients about the new guidance. Conclusions Clinicians anticipated difficulties in explaining to patients the change in clinical practice necessitated by adherence to the NICE guidance, most notably for patients with a history of infective endocarditis or where the patient's cardiologist did not agree with the NICE guidance. They placed particular emphasis on the provision of accurate information in order to reassure patients. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
W2594851688 | “Welcome on board”: Overall liking and just-about-right ratings of airplane meals in three different consumption contexts-laboratory, re-created airplane, and actual airplane | The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of contexts on overall liking and just-about-right (JAR) ratings of airplane meals. A rice dish (meal type A) and a pasta dish (meal type B) were assessed. Per meal type, two variants were produced (variant 1 and 2). Two hundred forty-two consumers were randomly allocated to evaluate one of the four meals, first in a laboratory setting and then in a re-created airplane environment. In addition, 222 passengers did the same assessments during an actual flight. Specific meals (A1, B1) were less liked in the laboratory than in the re-created airplane. In general, no differentiation in overall liking occurred per meal type between the two tested variants in the laboratory, whereas these two variants were significantly differentiated in liking in the re-created airplane and the actual airplane. Mean overall liking ratings in the re-created airplane did not significantly differ from the mean overall liking ratings in the actual airplane. The observed JAR ratings did not differ much between the re-created airplane and the actual airplane. In summary, the re-created airplane as a testing location produced more similar test results to the actual airplane than the traditional laboratory. Practical applications: Sensory consumer testing in re-created contexts may produce results with a higher external validity than laboratory testing and therefore offer a cost-efficient alternative to extensive sensory consumer testing in real-life contexts. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
W2782385075 | Do women on board of directors have an impact on corporate governance quality and firm performance? A literature review | Women on board of directors (WOBD) should contribute to a sustainable strategic management with regard to the increased stakeholder demand on social and environmental issues. This literature review evaluates 200 empirical research studies on the impact of WOBD on corporate governance quality and firm performance. We briefly introduce the theoretical and empirical WOBD framework. This is followed by a discussion of WOBD effectiveness which aims to enhance corporate governance quality, and is divided into the following areas: 1) financial reporting; 2) corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting; 3) audit; 4) corporate philanthropy. We will then evaluate the impact of WOBD on; 5) financial performance; 6) CSR performance. Furthermore, we will summarise the key findings in each area, and provide a description of the analysed proxies for corporate governance quality and firm performance. Finally, we will discuss the limitations of the studies and give useful recommendations for future empirical research activities in this topic. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
10.3389/fnins.2017.00296 | Oscillatory mechanisms of stimulus processing and selection in the visual and auditory systems: State-of-the-art, speculations and suggestions | All sensory systems need to continuously prioritize and select incoming stimuli in order to avoid overflow or interference, and provide a structure to the brain's input. However, the characteristics of this input differ across sensory systems; therefore, and as a direct consequence, each sensory system might have developed specialized strategies to cope with the continuous stream of incoming information. Neural oscillations are intimately connected with this selection process, as they can be used by the brain to rhythmically amplify or attenuate input and therefore represent an optimal tool for stimulus selection. In this paper, we focus on oscillatory processes for stimulus selection in the visual and auditory systems. We point out both commonalities and differences between the two systems and develop several hypotheses, inspired by recently published findings: (1) The rhythmic component in its input is crucial for the auditory, but not for the visual system. The alignment between oscillatory phase and rhythmic input (phase entrainment) is therefore an integral part of stimulus selection in the auditory system whereas the visual system merely adjusts its phase to upcoming events, without the need for any rhythmic component. (2) When input is unpredictable, the visual system can maintain its oscillatory sampling, whereas the auditory system switches to a different, potentially internally oriented, "mode" of processing that might be characterized by alpha oscillations. (3) Visual alpha can be divided into a faster occipital alpha (10 Hz) and a slower frontal alpha (7 Hz) that critically depends on attention. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
681719 | Enhancing electrocatalysis in low temperature fuel cells by ionic liquid modification | The commercialization of low temperature fuel cells is restricted by the high cost and low durability of cathode catalysts. Intense efforts have been devoted to tackle this issue by engineering the structure of Pt-based catalysts. Herein, a novel concept towards enhancing the performance of low temperature fuel cell catalysts is proposed, namely by tuning the local active site microenvironment with an immobilized ionic liquid (IL) phase. As demonstrated by the applicant in preliminary work, a suitable IL layer strongly influences the active catalytic site in a very promising manner, apparently via a highly complex interplay of solvent-, ligand- and electrostatic-stabilization effects. As the structural versatility of ILs allows for rational engineering of this modification at molecular level, the proposed project aims for a full scientific exploration of the remarkable activation and stabilization effects in ORR, to enable the realization of an innovative fuel cell cathode with dramatically enhanced performance. To achieve this ambitious goal, a sound fundamental understanding of the interaction of ILs with electrocatalytic sites will be derived by making use of the excellent research infrastructure and longstanding experience in ionic liquid design and catalytic materials at our institute. To demonstrate the general applicability, the deduced principals will also be applied to CO2 electrochemical reduction. The approach will not stop at the design of novel catalyst systems, but will address solutions to ensure long-term stability of the IL modification. To avoid IL leaching from the catalyst over time, the recent success of the applicant in the synthesis of novel core/shell carbon materials will be employed. The IL will be synthesized in situ within a mesoporous core and the steric demanding ions fixed through a molecular sieving shell surrounding each catalyst particle. A model-assisted strategy will be applied for optimization of the core/shell pore structures. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
US 201816756325 A | Method for hair volume reduction | The present invention is in the field of hair treatment compositions; in particular relates to a method for hair volume reduction. Despite the prior art, there still exists the opportunity to increase the conditioning benefits delivered through hair treatment compositions. It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a method that retains shape and reduces frizz even after exposure to humidity and washing the hair. It has been found that reduced hair frizz and hair shape retention even after exposure to moisture can be obtained by using N-formyl amino acids. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1016/j.cell.2015.10.017 | Relaxation of Loaded ESCRT-III Spiral Springs Drives Membrane Deformation | Summary ESCRT-III is required for lipid membrane remodeling in many cellular processes, from abscission to viral budding and multi-vesicular body biogenesis. However, how ESCRT-III polymerization generates membrane curvature remains debated. Here, we show that Snf7, the main component of ESCRT-III, polymerizes into spirals at the surface of lipid bilayers. When covering the entire membrane surface, these spirals stopped growing when densely packed: they had a polygonal shape, suggesting that lateral compression could deform them. We reasoned that Snf7 spirals could function as spiral springs. By measuring the polymerization energy and the rigidity of Snf7 filaments, we showed that they were deformed while growing in a confined area. Furthermore, we observed that the elastic expansion of compressed Snf7 spirals generated an area difference between the two sides of the membrane and thus curvature. This spring-like activity underlies the driving force by which ESCRT-III could mediate membrane deformation and fission. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
10.1093/molbev/msz015 | OrthoMaM v10: Scaling-Up Orthologous Coding Sequence and Exon Alignments with More than One Hundred Mammalian Genomes | Abstract
We present version 10 of OrthoMaM, a database of orthologous mammalian markers. OrthoMaM is already 11 years old and since the outset it has kept on improving, providing alignments and phylogenetic trees of high-quality computed with state-of-the-art methods on up-to-date data. The main contribution of this version is the increase in the number of taxa: 116 mammalian genomes for 14,509 one-to-one orthologous genes. This has been made possible by the combination of genomic data deposited in Ensembl complemented by additional good-quality genomes only available in NCBI. Version 10 users will benefit from pipeline improvements and a completely redesigned web-interface. | [
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
947695 | Modeling news flows: How feedback loops influence citizens' beliefs and shape societies | Our beliefs about society are largely based on information that we encounter through media. This happens more and more in an ""unbundled” form: Single news items are distributed through sharing on social media, sorted by algorithms, and encountered on platforms on which they were not originally published. Many argue that this leads to so-called “echo chambers” and “filter bubbles”, communities of people that are only exposed to information they agree with. This is thought to lead to increasing polarization of society, and to a lack of diversity in people’s (virtual) communities.
But a growing body of evidence suggests that these metaphors are misleading.
In fact, as recent discussions on so-called “fake news” illustrate, biased and/or extreme information is not locked up in filter bubbles or echo chambers, but spreads from niche communities into mainstream media and politics. NEWSFLOWS develops an alternative model of how information spreads in today’s media ecosystem – a model based on so-called feedback loops, which are essential for the modern complex system of information flows. To give an example of a feedback loop: If a news item receives many shares on social media, this may let a recommendation algorithm show it to even more users (and journalists and politicans), making it more likely that they will act on it, again increasing the number of shares, etc. Crucially, neither the algorithm, nor the users, nor the writers alone determine the eventual spread, but a combination of their influences and feedback loops.
Theoretical models and empirical methods to study such feedback loops in the social sciences and humanities are scarce. NEWSFLOWS extends innovative methods as online field experiments, data donations, and automated content analysis to conduct such studies. This will greatly enhance the theoretical understanding of news flows, but also enable media organizations to develop products conforming to calls for ""responsible AI"". | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1080/13600820903432142 | The Berlin Wall Crumbled Down Upon Our Heads 1989 And Violence In The Former Socialist Multinational Federations | This contribution deals with the violence, conflicts and wars that followed the fall of the Berlin Wall in the former socialist multinational federations. The question of why these federations disintegrated so soon after the collapse of the communist regimes is followed by more puzzles. Why did violence occur in some places and not in others? Where, under what circumstances, and when was violence most likely to happen? Finally, why was the disintegration of Yugoslavia so uniquely brutal? In the author's view, two crucial questions determined the fate of many citizens of the former socialist federations in the context of their imminent disintegration: Did the incipient states (republics) and the federal centre accept the separation and the existing borders? Did all groups and all regions accept independence and the authority of the new states? The analysis of the possible answers to these questions across the former socialist federations and their former republics that experienced violence brings us to wha. . . | [
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
10.1021/acs.jpca.6b03843 | Rate of homogenous nucleation of ice in supercooled water | The homogeneous freezing of water is of fundamental importance to a number of fields, including that of cloud formation. However, there is considerable scatter in homogeneous nucleation rate coefficients reported in the literature. Using a cold stage droplet system designed to minimize uncertainties in temperature measurements, we examined the freezing of over 1500 pure water droplets with diameters between 4 and 24 μm. Under the assumption that nucleation occurs within the bulk of the droplet, nucleation rate coefficients fall within the spread of literature data and are in good agreement with a subset of more recent measurements. To quantify the relative importance of surface and volume nucleation in our experiments, where droplets are supported by a hydrophobic surface and surrounded by oil, comparison of droplets with different surface area to volume ratios was performed. From our experiments it is shown that in droplets larger than 6 μm diameter (between 234. 6 and 236. 5 K), nucleation in the interior is more important than nucleation at the surface. At smaller sizes we cannot rule out a significant contribution of surface nucleation, and in order to further constrain surface nucleation, experiments with smaller droplets are necessary. Nevertheless, in our experiments, it is dominantly volume nucleation controlling the observed nucleation rate. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
W2923620467 | Geophysical Studies at the Horogoru Fortified Settlement in South Korea | The results of prospection studies at the medieval site Horogoru, in the Gyeonggi-do Province of South Korea, are described. Using ground-penetrating radar, the defense wall, built of tamped earth and masonry, was reconstructed. The analyses of GPR images and 3D-models of the wall were confi rmed and supplemented by archaeological excavations. Prospection studies in the central part of the site have enabled us to assess tentatively the thickness of the habitation layer and its preservation. Structures associated with various archaeological cultures were analyzed. The results of excavations demonstrated a relative reliability of GPR, which had revealed anomalies at various depths. However, an accurate and complete assessment of the outlines of most structures proved impossible, owing to repeated medieval rebuilding, peculiar accumulation processes, and modern disruption. The GPR analysis of the anomalies indicated several stages of habitation. Early features, dating to the Koguryo period (400–700 AD), include a reservoir and a well, and next to these, heaps of roof tiles. Late features, dating to the Koryo stage (1000–1200 AD), include seven buildings, a stone pavement, and pits with roof tiles. Overall, the results demonstrate the effi ciency of geophysical methods for the assessment of the site’s structure and of the preservation of its cultural layers. | [
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1017/thg.2014.86 | CNV concordance in 1,097 MZ twin pairs | Monozygotic (MZ) twins are genetically identical at conception, making them informative subjects for studies on somatic mutations. Copy number variants (CNVs) are responsible for a substantial part of genetic variation, have relatively high mutation rates, and are likely to be involved in phenotypic variation. We conducted a genome-wide survey for post-twinning de novo CNVs in 1,097 MZ twin pairs. Comparisons between MZ twins were made by CNVs measured in DNA from blood or buccal epithelium with the Affymetrix 6. 0 microarray and two calling algorithms. In addition, CNV concordance rates were compared between the different sources of DNA, and gene-enrichment association analyses were conducted for thought problems (TP) and attention problems (AP) using CNVs concordant within MZ pairs. We found a total of 153 putative post-twinning de novo CNVs >100 kb, of which the majority resided in 15q11. 2. Based on the discordance of raw intensity signals a selection was made of 20 de novo CNVs for a qPCR validation experiments. Two out of 20 post-twinning de novo CNVs were validated with qPCR in the same twin pair. The 13-year-old MZ twin pair that showed two discordances in CN in 15q11. 2 in their buccal DNA did not show large phenotypic differences. From the remaining 18 putative de novo CNVs, 17 were deletions or duplications that were concordant within MZ twin pairs. Concordance rates within twin pairs of CNV calls with CN ≠ 2 were ~80%. Buccal epithelium-derived DNA showed a slightly but significantly higher concordance rate, and blood-derived DNA showed significantly more concordant CNVs per twin pair. The gene-enrichment analyses on concordant CNVs showed no significant associations between CNVs overlapping with genes involved in neuronal processes and TP or AP after accounting for the source of DNA. | [
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
631470 | Multicomponent protein cage co-crystals | The possibility to direct nanoscale structural order in complex matter is an important prerequisite for the preparation and characterisation of next-generation functional materials. Hierarchically ordered multicomponent materials are particularly interesting in this respect, since they allow controlled integration of different nanoparticle/material building blocks into periodic nanostructures with lattice constants that are much shorter than the wavelength of light. However, most of the current nanostructured materials consist of fully synthetic or biological materials since the integration of biological and synthetic building blocks in a designed manner remains a challenging task.
Here we propose an approach based on the co-assembly of biological protein cages and synthetic materials to bridge the gap between ordered synthetic materials and biological assemblies. Protein-based nanocages, such as ferritins and virus capsids, offer a complex yet monodisperse and geometrically well-defined cage that can be used to encapsulate different materials. We will utilize ferritin and virus particles as a size constrained reaction vessels to prepare monodisperse iron oxide nanoparticles and combine these electrostatically with synthetic noble metal nanoparticles to yield diverse crystal arrangement with coupled magnetic and plasmonic properties. During the course of the project, we will address important challenges, such as how to design responsive and collectively behaving biohybrid materials and to push the research and results beyond the current state-of-the-art. We aim to achieve this by using unconventional methods in designing, synthesising and applying new functional materials whose interactions and co-crystalline packing with biomacromolecules can be controlled. Potential outcomes include magnetically tuneable plasmonic assemblies, porous materials capable of simultaneous binding of organic and inorganic guest and protein cage crystal template inorganic nanostructures. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1051/0004-6361/202039078 | Euclid Forecast Constraints On The Cosmic Distance Duality Relation With Complementary External Probes | La Caixa Foundation
100010434
LCF/BQ/PI19/11690015
Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigacion through the grant "IFT Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa"
SEV-2016-0597
FEDER -Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional funds through the COMPETE 2020 -Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation (POCI)
Portuguese funds through FCT -Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia
POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028987
Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa Program
SEV-2016-059
Spanish Government
RYC-2014-15843
Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT)
CONICYT FONDECYT
1200171
Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities
ESP2017-89838-C3-1-R
H2020 programme of the European Commission
776247
UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)
Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC)
Science and Technology Development Fund (STDF)
ST/P000703/1
European Research Council (ERC)
769130
Academy of Finland
European Commission
Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI)
Belgian Federal Science Policy Office
Canadian Euclid Consortium
Centre National D'etudes Spatiales
Helmholtz Association
German Aerospace Centre (DLR)
Danish Space Research Institute
Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology
European Commission
Spanish Government
National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA)
Netherlandse Onderzoekschool Voor Astronomie
Norwegian Space Agency
Romanian Space Agency
State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI) at the Swiss Space O ffice (SSO)
United Kingdom Space Agency
PGC2018-094773-B-C32 | [
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
10.1016/j.mce.2016.03.020 | Functional characterisation of ADIPOQ variants using individuals recruited by genotype | Four non-coding GWAS variants in or near the ADIPOQ gene (rs17300539, rs17366653, rs3821799 and rs56354395) together explain 4% of the variation in circulating adiponectin. The functional basis for this is unknown. We tested the effect of these variants on ADIPOQ transcription, splicing and stability respectively in adipose tissue samples from participants recruited by rs17366653 genotype. Transcripts carrying rs17300539 demonstrated a 17% increase in expression (p = 0. 001). Variant rs17366653 was associated with disruption of ADIPOQ splicing leading to a 7 fold increase in levels of a non-functional transcript (p = 0. 002). Transcripts carrying rs56354395 demonstrated a 59% decrease in expression (p = <0. 0001). No effects of rs3821799 genotype on expression was observed. Association between variation in the ADIPOQ gene and serum adiponectin may arise from effects on mRNA transcription, splicing or stability. These studies illustrate the utility of recruit-by-genotype studies in relevant human tissues in functional interpretation of GWAS signals. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1051/0004-6361/201116455 | Planck Early Results Xxi Properties Of The Interstellar Medium In The Galactic Plane | (abridged) Planck has observed the entire sky from 30 GHz to 857GHz. The observed foreground emission contains contributions from different phases of the interstellar medium (ISM). We have separated the observed Galactic emission into the different gaseous components (atomic, molecular and ionised) in each of a number of Galactocentric rings. Templates are created for various Galactocentric radii using velocity information from atomic (neutral hydrogen) and molecular (12CO) observations. The ionised template is assumed to be traced by free-free emission as observed by WMAP, while 408 MHz emission is used to trace the synchrotron component. Gas emission not traced by the above templates, namely "ark gas", as evidenced using Planck data, is included as an additional template, the first time such a component has been used in this way. These templates are then correlated with each of the Planck frequency bands, as well as other ancillary data. The emission per column density of the gas templates allows us to create distinct spectral energy distributions (SEDs) per Galactocentric ring and in each of the gaseous tracers from 1. 4 GHz to 25 THz (12\mu m). Apart from the thermal dust and free-free emission, we have probed the Galaxy for anomalous (e. g. , spinning) dust as well as synchrotron emission. We show that anomalous dust emission is present in the atomic, molecular and dark gas phases throughout the Galactic disk. The derived dust propeties associated with the dark gas phase are derived but do not allow us to reveal the nature of this phase. For all environments, the anomalous emission is consistent with rotation from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and, according to our simple model, accounts for $(25\pm5)%$ (statistical) of the total emission at 30 GHz. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
988042 | Life-Inspired complex molecular systems controlled by enzymatic reaction networks | Many of the key functions typically associated with living systems, including sensing of the environment, autonomous decision making, and extracting energy and building blocks from the environment for cell growth and division, are all governed by enzymatic reaction networks. Constructing synthetic systems that capture some of these capabilities, i.e. life-inspired systems, would represent a truly disruptive development, as they challenge our notion of what differentiates living systems from synthetic, man-made devices. However, the ability create synthetic life-inspired systems remains an elusive goal. Despite impressive progress in systems chemistry, no clear engineering principles or methodologies exist for the bottom-up construction of functional complex molecular systems The translation of the design principles of living systems into programmable and functional life-inspired systems is one of the outstanding grand challenge in chemistry. The ultimate aim of this proposal is to construct life-inspired systems based on the design blueprints of living matter To achieve this aim, I propose a key breakthrough by presenting a completely new approach to functional complex systems based on programmable enzymatic reactions networks. The envisaged approach is modular and will allow for systematic increases in complexity. The core objectives of this proposal are: - establish a completely new approach to programmable enzymatic reaction networks - compartmentalize network motifs, and separate the small molecule ‘software’ from the enzyme ‘hardware’ - demonstrate modularity and increase the complexity via communication between compartments - develop robust methods to manage the maintenance of non-equilibrium conditions - design and construct complex life-inspired systems. | [
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
W2152541815 | Plant Phenology-Related Shifts in Color Preferences of<i>Epicometis</i>(<i>Tropinota</i>)<i>Hirta</i>(Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) Adults - Key to Effective Population Monitoring and Suppression | ABSTRACT The study was conducted to elucidate the possibility that a shift in color preferences of adults of the apple blossom beetle, Epicometis hirta, occurs sometime after the end of over-wintering and the onset blooming of Prunus spp. trees and between the termination of blooming and the death of the adults. Such information is needed to choose the best color of the traps used for the detection, monitoring and suppression of this major pest. In a randomized complete block experiment with 9 replicates at 3 different cherry orchard sites in Turkey, blocks of 11 differently colored traps each ere operated and serviced daily in cherry orchards from the end of hibernation of E. hirta the adults disappeared at the end of the season. The numbers of adult beetles captured in each of the 11 differently colored traps in each block were recorded daily. According to ANOVA and the Tukey's test (P < 0.01), significantly the largest numbers of E. hirta were sampled by floral white-colored traps in both the pre-bloom... | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1117/12.914384 | Gan Based Nanowire Photodetectors | In this work, we present a comprehensive study of the photocurrent phenomena in single defect-free GaN nanowires
(NWs), analyzing the effect of the contact nature, excitation power, light polarization, measuring frequency, and
environment. GaN NWs present high photocurrent gain, in the range of 1E5-1E8, with the photocurrent increasing
sublinearly with the excitation power. The spectral response is relatively flat for excitation above the GaN bandgap and
presents a visible rejection of more than six orders of magnitude. In depleted nanowires (diameter < 100 nm), the
photocurrent time response is in the milisecond range, far from the persistent photoconductivity effects (seconds,
minutes) observed in larger NWs or two-dimensional layers. From the above-described results, we confirm that the
photoresponse is dominated by the redistribution of charge at the surface levels. However, the total depletion of the NW
active region reduces the surface band bending preventing persistent photoconductivity effects and granting
insensitivity to the chemical environment. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1016/j.geoforum.2018.07.016 | Transitioning without confrontation? Shared food growing niches and sustainable food transitions in Singapore | Following a series of global food crises and an increasing dependence on food imports, the Singaporean government has begun to support local food production as a means to improve the sustainability of its food regime. This extends to the development of state-led ventures which support shared food growing in the city. In parallel, informal citizens’ groups are experimenting with collaborative forms of food provisioning. Both types of initiatives utilise Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) to facilitate their practices of shared growing and seek to reorient the current food regime onto a more sustainable pathway. Drawing on ethnographic research conducted with two initiatives representative of both organisational positions, this paper critically examines the efficacy of using a transitions thinking approach to assess their actual and potential contribution to the disruption of the food regime in Singapore. The paper first reviews existing approaches to transitions thinking in order to distil insights for examining shared food growing initiatives in Singapore as niche projects. The broader socio-cultural and political context of Singapore's food system and the food growing niche projects which are emerging within it are then delineated, followed by a strategic niche management (SNM) analysis of the two initiatives. Ultimately, the paper makes two linked contributions: firstly, it diversifies the empirical foundations and the sectoral and geographical reach of sustainability transitions research. Secondly, it provides space for critical reflection on transitions thinking when applied beyond the Western liberal democratic settings from which it emerged. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
10.1093/nar/gkt116 | The σ<sup>70</sup> region 1.2 regulates promoter escape by unwinding DNA downstream of the transcription start site | The mechanisms of abortive synthesis and promoter escape during initiation of transcription are poorly understood. Here, we show that, after initiation of RNA synthesis, non-specific interaction of σ70 region 1. 2, present in all σ70 family factors, with the non-template strand around position-4 relative to the transcription start site facilitates unwinding of the DNA duplex downstream of the transcription start site. This leads to stabilization of short RNA products and allows their extension, i. e. promoter escape. We show that this activity of σ70 region 1. 2 is assisted by the β-lobe domain, but does not involve the β′-rudder or the β′-switch-2, earlier proposed to participate in promoter escape. DNA sequence independence of this function of σ70 region 1. 2 suggests that it may be conserved in all σ70 family factors. Our results indicate that the abortive nature of initial synthesis is caused, at least in part, by failure to open the downstream DNA by the β-lobe and σ region 1. 2. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1038/s41396-020-0627-1 | It does not always take two to tango: “Syntrophy” via hydrogen cycling in one bacterial cell | Interspecies hydrogen transfer in anoxic ecosystems is essential for the complete microbial breakdown of organic matter to methane. Acetogenic bacteria are key players in anaerobic food webs and have been considered as prime candidates for hydrogen cycling. We have tested this hypothesis by mutational analysis of the hydrogenase in the model acetogen Acetobacterium woodii. Hydrogenase-deletion mutants no longer grew on H2 + CO2 or organic substrates such as fructose, lactate, or ethanol. Heterotrophic growth could be restored by addition of molecular hydrogen to the culture, indicating that hydrogen is an intermediate in heterotrophic growth. Indeed, hydrogen production from fructose was detected in a stirred-tank reactor. The mutant grew well on organic substrates plus caffeate, an alternative electron acceptor that does not require molecular hydrogen but NADH as reductant. These data are consistent with the notion that molecular hydrogen is produced from organic substrates and then used as reductant for CO2 reduction. Surprisingly, hydrogen cycling in A. woodii is different from the known modes of interspecies or intraspecies hydrogen cycling. Our data are consistent with a novel type of hydrogen cycling that connects an oxidative and reductive metabolic module in one bacterial cell, “intracellular syntrophy. ” | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.3389/fmicb.2019.00112 | Genome comparisons of Candida glabrata serial clinical isolates reveal patterns of genetic variation in infecting clonal populations | Candida glabrata is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that currently ranks as the second most common cause of candidiasis. Although the mechanisms underlying virulence and drug resistance in C. glabrata are now starting to be elucidated, we still lack a good understanding of how this yeast adapts during the course of an infection. Outstanding questions are whether the observed genomic plasticity of C. glabrata plays a role during infection, or what levels of genetic variation exist within an infecting clonal population. To shed light onto the genomic variation within infecting C. glabrata populations, we compared the genomes of 11 pairs and one trio of serial clinical isolates, each obtained from a single patient. Our results provide a catalog of genetic variations existing within clonal infecting isolates, and reveal an enrichment of non-synonymous changes in genes encoding cell-wall proteins. Genetic variation and the presence of non-synonymous mutations and copy number variations accumulated within the host, suggest that clonal populations entail a non-negligible level of genetic variation that may reflect selection processes that occur within the human body. As we show here, these genomic changes can underlie phenotypic differences in traits that are relevant for infection. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01121 | Rational Development of a Potent 15-Lipoxygenase-1 Inhibitor with in Vitro and ex Vivo Anti-inflammatory Properties | Human 15-lipoxygenase-1 (h-15-LOX-1) is a mammalian lipoxygenase and plays an important role in several inflammatory lung diseases such as asthma, COPD, and chronic bronchitis. Novel potent inhibitors of h-15-LOX-1 are required to explore the role of this enzyme further and to enable drug discovery efforts. In this study, we applied an approach in which we screened a fragment collection that is focused on a diverse substitution pattern of nitrogen-containing heterocycles such as indoles, quinolones, pyrazoles, and others. We denoted this approach substitution-oriented fragment screening (SOS) because it focuses on the identification of novel substitution patterns rather than on novel scaffolds. This approach enabled the identification of hits with good potency and clear structure-activity relationships (SAR) for h-1-5-LOX-1 inhibition. Molecular modeling enabled the rationalization of the observed SAR and supported structure-based design for further optimization to obtain inhibitor 14d that binds with a Ki of 36 nM to the enzyme. In vitro and ex vivo biological evaluations of our best inhibitor demonstrate a significant increase of interleukin-10 (IL-10) gene expression, which indicates its anti-inflammatory properties. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1091/mbc.E14-04-0867 | A novel pathway of rapid TLR-triggered activation of integrin-dependent leukocyte adhesion that requires Rap1 GTPase | Rapid β2-integrin activation is indispensable for leukocyte adhesion and recruitment to sites of infection and is mediated by chemokine- or P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1-induced inside-out signaling. Here we uncovered a novel pathway for rapid activation of integrin-dependent leukocyte adhesion, triggered by toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated signaling. TLR2 or TLR5 ligation rapidly activated integrin-dependent leukocyte adhesion to immobilized ICAM-1 and fibronectin. Consistently, in vivo administration of the TLR2-ligand Pam3CSK4 increased integrin-dependent slow rolling and adhesion to endothelium within minutes, as identified by intravital microscopy in the cremaster model. TLR2 and TLR5 ligation increased β2-integrin affinity, as assessed by the detection of activation-dependent neoepitopes. TLR2- and TLR5-triggered integrin activation in leukocytes required enhanced Rap1 GTPase activity, which was mediated by Rac1 activation and NADPH oxidase-2-dependent reactive oxygen species production. This novel direct pathway linking initial pathogen recognition by TLRs to rapid β2-integrin activation may critically regulate acute leukocyte infiltration to sites of pathogen invasion. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
10.1093/qje/qju034 | Optimal Regulation in the Presence of Reputation Concerns
* | In all markets, firms go through a process of creative destruction: entry, random growth, and exit. In many of these markets there are also regulations that restrict entry, possibly distorting this process. We study the public interest rationale for entry taxes in a general equilibrium model with free entry and exit of firms in which firm dynamics are driven by reputation concerns. In our model firms can produce high-quality output by making a costly but efficient initial unobservable investment. If buyers never learn about this investment, an extreme “lemons problem” develops, no firm invests, and the market shuts down. Learning introduces reputation incentives such that a fraction of entrants do invest. We show that if the market operates with spot prices, entry taxes always enhance the role of reputation to induce investment, improving welfare despite the impact of these taxes on equilibrium prices and total production. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1186/1752-0509-7-36 | Mapping Condition Dependent Regulation Of Metabolism In Yeast Through Genome Scale Modeling | Background: The genome-scale metabolic model of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, first presented in 2003, was the first genome-scale network reconstruction for a eukaryotic organism. Since then continuous efforts have been made in order to improve and expand the yeast metabolic network. Results: Here we present iTO977, a comprehensive genome-scale metabolic model that contains more reactions, metabolites and genes than previous models. The model was constructed based on two earlier reconstructions, namely iIN800 and the consensus network, and then improved and expanded using gap-filling methods and by introducing new reactions and pathways based on studies of the literature and databases. The model was shown to perform well both for growth simulations in different media and gene essentiality analysis for single and double knock-outs. Further, the model was used as a scaffold for integrating transcriptomics, and flux data from four different conditions in order to identify transcriptionally controlled reactions, i. e. reactions that change both in flux and transcription between the compared conditions. Conclusion: We present a new yeast model that represents a comprehensive up-to-date collection of knowledge on yeast metabolism. The model was used for simulating the yeast metabolism under four different growth conditions and experimental data from these four conditions was integrated to the model. The model together with experimental data is a useful tool to identify condition-dependent changes of metabolism between different environmental conditions. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1103/PhysRevB.86.205101 | Nonthermal symmetry-broken states in the strongly interacting Hubbard model | We study the time evolution of the antiferromagnetic order parameter after interaction quenches in the Hubbard model. Using the nonequilibrium dynamical mean-field formalism, we show that the system, after a quench from intermediate to strong interaction, is trapped in a nonthermal state which is reminiscent of a photodoped state and protected by the slow decay of doublons. If the effective doping of this state is low enough, it exhibits robust antiferromagnetic order, even if the system is highly excited and the thermal state is thus expected to be paramagnetic. We comment on the implication of our findings for the stability of nonthermal superconducting states. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
10.1515/pz-2015-0009 | Remains of a late Neolithic barrow at Kruszyn. A glimpse of ritual and everyday life in early Corded Ware societies of the Polish Lowland | Das Grab aus Kruszyn, 2009 in Kujawien entdeckt, rechnet zu einer kleinen Regionalgruppe der Schnurkeramik. Es zeichnet sich durch einen verhältnismäßig guten Erhaltungszustand und untypisch zahlreiche, aus Knochen und Geweih gefertigte Werkzeugbeigaben aus. Die aufgedeckten sterblichen Überreste wurden anthropologisch und isotopisch analysiert (La tombe de Kruszyn, découverte en 2009 dans la région de Cujavie, fait partie d’un petit groupe régional de la culture à céramique cordée. Elle est relativement bien conservée et se distingue par un riche assemblage d’outils, fabriqués en os et en cornes. Des analyses anthropologiques et des investigations isotope (Excavated in 2009, the barrow from Kruszyn (the Kujawy region) is related to a small regional group of the Corded Ware culture. Noteworthy is a fairly good state of its preservation and a remarkably numerous assemblage of tools made of bone and antler. Unearthed human remains were anthropologically studied and examined isotopically (Grób z Kruszyna, odkryty w 2009 r. na Kujawach, należy do niewielkiej regionalnej grupy kultury ceramiki sznurowej. Wyróżnia się on stosunkowo dobrym stanem zachowania oraz nietypowo licznym zbiorem narzędzi wykonanych z kości i poroża. Szczątki ludzkie poddano analizom antropologicznym i izotopowym ( | [
"The Study of the Human Past"
]
|
10.1088/0004-637X/788/1/53 | Chandra Spectroscopy Of Maxi J1305 704 Detection Of An Infalling Black Hole Disk Wind | We report on a Chandra/HETG X-ray spectrum of the black hole candidate MAXI J1305-704. A rich absorption complex is detected in the Fe L band, including density-sensitive lines from Fe XX, XXI, and XXII. Spectral analysis over three bands with photoionization models generally requires a gas density of n > 1 E+17 cm^-3. Assuming a luminosity of L = 1 E+37 erg/s, fits to the 10-14 A band constrain the absorbing gas to lie within r = 3. 9(7) E+3 km from the central engine, or about r = 520 +/- 90 (M/5 Msun) r_g, where r_g = GM/c^2. At this distance from the compact object, gas in Keplerian orbits should have a gravitational red-shift of z = v/c ~ 3 +/- 1 E-3 (M/5 Msun), and any tenuous inflowing gas should have a free-fall velocity of v/c ~ 6 +/- 1 E-2 (M/5 Msun)^1/2. The best-fit single-zone photoionization models measure a red-shift of v/c = 2. 6-3. 2 E-3. Models with two zones provide significantly improved fits; the additional zone is measured to have a red-shift of v/c =4. 6-4. 9 E-2 (models including two zones suggest slightly different radii and may point to lower densities). Thus, the shifts are broadly consistent with the photoionization radius. The results may be explained in terms of a "failed wind" like those predicted in some numerical simulations. We discuss our results in the context of accretion flows across the mass scale, and the potential role of failed winds in black hole state transitions. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
10.1007/978-3-642-39872-8_3 | The Vivification Problem In Real Time Business Intelligence A Vision | In the new era of Business Intelligence (BI) technology, transforming massive amounts of data into high-quality business information is essential. To achieve this, two non-overlapping worlds need to be aligned: the Information Technology (IT) world, represented by an organization’s operational data sources and the technologies that manage them (data warehouses, schemas, queries, . . . ), and the business world, portrayed by business plans, strategies and goals that an organization aspires to fulfill. Alignment in this context means mapping business queries into BI queries, and interpreting the data retrieved from the BI query in business terms. We call the creation of this interpretation the vivification problem. The main thesis of this position paper is that solutions to the vivification problem should be based on a formal framework that explicates assumptions and the other ingredients (schemas, queries, etc. ) that affect it. Also, that there should be a correctness condition that explicates when a response to a business schema query is correct. The paper defines the vivification problem in detail and sketches approaches towards a solution. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1016/j.porgcoat.2016.04.031 | Effect of inhibitor-loaded halloysites and mesoporous silica nanocontainers on corrosion protection of powder coatings | We carried out the comparative study of the effect of inhibitor-loaded nanocontainers on the corrosion protection performance of polyester powder coatings by neutral salt-spray test (5% NaCl, 35 °C, different time). Halloysites and mesoporous silica particles loaded with corrosion inhibitor 8-hydroxyquinoline were homogeneously distributed in powder coating effectively reducing corrosion of the metal substrate over 1000 h of salt-spray test. Addition of only 2 wt. % of inhibitor encapsulated either in halloysites or in mesoporous silica particles to the powder coating is sufficient to decrease the delamination effect by >4 times and to suppress the formation of the blisters on the low carbon steel substrates. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1134/S1063772915060086 | The Role Of Large Scale Convection In Supernovae Explosions | We present the results of simulations of Type Ia and II supernovae explosions taking into account the rotation of the initial configuration. The main idea is development of a large-scale convective instability which affects strongly the geometry of the explosion. For Type Ia supernova a jet-like structure of the ejecta was obtained. An important point here is the possibility of continuing consecutive flares, produced when the fresh thermonuclear fuel is ignited in the central part of the star. This fuel is moved to the center by convective fluxes from the outer stellar layers. For Type II supernova a large-scale convection results in a non-equilibrium neutronization of the matter. Large bubbles, moving to the surface, contain high-energy neutrinos from the central region of the proto-neutron stellar core. The following ejection of these neutrinos to the stellar envelope gives enough energy support to the bounce shock, which finally destroys the envelope producing a non-spherical explosion. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
10.1007/978-1-4939-8561-6_6 | Implementing A Transcription Factor Interaction Prediction System Using The Genometric Query Language | Novel technologies and growing interest have resulted in a large increase in the amount of data available for genomics and transcriptomics studies, both in terms of volume and contents. Biology is relying more and more on computational methods to process, investigate, and extract knowledge from this huge amount of data. In this work, we present the TICA web server (available at http://www. gmql. eu/tica/ ), a fast and compact tool developed to support data-driven knowledge discovery in the realm of transcription factor interaction prediction. TICA leverages both the GenoMetric Query Language, a novel query tool (based on the Apache Hadoop and Spark technologies) specialized in the integration and management of heterogeneous, large genomic datasets, and a statistical method for robust detection of co-locations across interval-based data, in order to infer physically interacting transcription factors. Notably, TICA allows investigators to upload and analyze their own ChIP-seq experiments datasets, comparing them both against ENCODE data or between themselves, achieving computation time which increases linearly with respect to dataset size and density. Using ENCODE data from three well-studied cell lines as reference, we show that TICA predictions are supported by existing biological knowledge, making the web server a reliable and efficient tool for interaction screening and data-driven hypothesis generation. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1109/JSAC.2016.2577278 | Pricing And Resource Allocation Via Game Theory For A Small Cell Video Caching System | Evidence indicates that downloading on-demand videos accounts for a dramatic increase in data traffic over cellular networks. Caching popular videos in the storage of small-cell base stations (SBS), namely, small-cell caching, is an efficient technology for reducing the transmission latency while mitigating the redundant transmissions of popular videos over back-haul channels. In this paper, we consider a commercialized small-cell caching system consisting of a network service provider (NSP), several video retailers (VRs), and mobile users (MUs). The NSP leases its SBSs to the VRs for the purpose of making profits, and the VRs, after storing popular videos in the rented SBSs, can provide faster local video transmissions to the MUs, thereby gaining more profits. We conceive this system within the framework of Stackelberg game by treating the SBSs as specific types of resources. We first model the MUs and SBSs as two independent Poisson point processes, and develop, via stochastic geometry theory, the probability of the specific event that an MU obtains the video of its choice directly from the memory of an SBS. Then, based on the probability derived, we formulate a Stackelberg game to jointly maximize the average profit of both the NSP and the VRs. In addition, we investigate the Stackelberg equilibrium by solving a non-convex optimization problem. With the aid of this game theoretic framework, we shed light on the relationship between four important factors: the optimal pricing of leasing an SBS, the SBSs allocation among the VRs, the storage size of the SBSs, and the popularity distribution of the VRs. Monte Carlo simulations show that our stochastic geometry-based analytical results closely match the empirical ones. Numerical results are also provided for quantifying the proposed game-theoretic framework by showing its efficiency on pricing and resource allocation. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1038/nrclinonc.2016.144 | Circulating and disseminated tumour cells-mechanisms of immune surveillance and escape | Metastatic spread of tumour cells is the main cause of cancer-related deaths. Understanding the mechanisms of tumour-cell dissemination has, therefore, become an important focus for cancer research. In patients with cancer, disseminated cancer cells are often detectable in the peripheral blood as circulating tumour cells (CTCs) and in the bone marrow or lymph nodes as disseminated tumour cells (DTCs). The identification and characterization of CTCs and DTCs has yielded important insights into the mechanisms of metastasis, resulting in a better understanding of the molecular alterations and profiles underlying drug resistance. Given the expanding role of immunotherapies in the treatment of cancer, interactions between tumour cells and immune cells are the subject of intense research. Theoretically, cancer cells that exit the primary tumour site-leaving the protection of the typically immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment-will be more vulnerable to attack by immune effector cells; thus, the survival of tumour cells after dissemination might be the 'Achilles' heel' of metastatic progression. In this Review, we discuss findings relating to the interactions of CTCs and DTCs with the immune system, in the context of cancer immuno-editing, evasion from immune surveillance, and formation of metastases. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1080/00036811.2015.1038254 | Upscaling Nonlinear Adsorption In Periodic Porous Media Homogenization Approach | We consider the homogenization of a model of reactive flows through periodic porous media involving a single solute which can be absorbed and desorbed on the pore boundaries. This is a system of two convection–diffusion equations, one in the bulk and one on the pore boundaries, coupled by an exchange reaction term. The novelty of our work is to consider a nonlinear reaction term, a so-called Langmuir isotherm, in an asymptotic regime of strong convection. We therefore generalize previous works on a similar linear model. Under a technical assumption of equal drift velocities in the bulk and on the pore boundaries, we obtain a nonlinear monotone diffusion equation as the homogenized model. Our main technical tool is the method of two-scale convergence with drift. | [
"Mathematics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
3740059 | Real-Time thermotronics: handling fluctuations, dynamics and dissipation for smart radiative thermal management | Thermotronics is a developing discipline that offers promising options to manage heat sources and proposes new ways of exploiting signals encoded by heat. Analogously to what happens in electronic components in which electric currents flow as a consequence of potential differences, thermotronic components are devices in which heat currents flow due to applied temperature differences. In radiative components, thermal photons flow as electrons flow in their electronic counterparts. Among these devices, a radiative thermal transistor controls the heat exchange without contact between a source and a receiver. When these components are reduced to the nanoscale, the environmental noise becomes important and is a major cause for concern. The objective of the proposal is to address fluctuations, dynamics and dissipation in thermotronic components, based on nanoscale photon transport and working under environmental noise perturbations. This is achieved by considering the parameters that define the states of these components as stochastic variables, from which stability conditions for equilibrium states can be derived and the dynamics under general nonequilibrium scenarios can be characterized. The proposed scheme provides novel methods to estimate the mean life of the states of a thermal memory and to quantify the time response of thermotronic components, including the impact of environmental conditions which are of prime importance for applications. A nonequilibrium thermodynamics framework dealing with the associated stochastic dynamics is also proposed to account for dissipation as a key element to optimize the performance of these devices. The proposal paves the way for innovative strategies for an active control of radiative heat fluxes, strengthening tools and concepts for smart radiative thermal management. The proposed methods for the description of fluctuations, dynamics and dissipation can be applied to any other many-body system with radiative interactions. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1103/PhysRevB.86.115116 | Correlated electronic structure and chemical bonding of cerium pnictides and γ-Ce | We present calculated spectral properties and lattice parameters for cerium pnictides (CeN, CeP, CeAs, CeSb, CeBi) and γ-Ce, within the LDA/GGA+DMFT (local density approximation/generalized gradient approximation+dynamical mean field theory) approach. The effective impurity model arising in the DMFT is solved by using the spin-polarized T-matrix fluctuation-exchange (SPTF) solver for CeN compound and the Hubbard I (HI) solver for CeP, CeAs, CeSb, and CeBi. For all the addressed compounds, the calculated spectral properties are in reasonable agreement with measured photoelectron spectra at high binding energies. At low binding energies, the HI approximation does not manage to capture the Kondo-like peak observed for several of the Ce pnictides. Nevertheless, the calculated lattice constants are in a good agreement with available experimental data, showing that the such a peak does not play a major role on the bonding properties. Furthermore, the HI calculations are compared to a simpler treatment of the Ce 4f electron as corelike in LDA/GGA for CeP, CeAs, CeSb, and CeBi, and the two approaches are found to give similar results. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
335568 | Architecture of bacterial lipid rafts; inhibition of virulence and antibiotic resistance using raft-disassembling small molecules | Membranes of eukaryotic cells organize signal transduction proteins into microdomains or lipid rafts whose integrity is essential for numerous cellular processes. Lipid rafts has been considered a fundamental step to define the cellular complexity of eukaryotes, assuming that bacteria do not require such a sophisticated organization of their signaling networks. However, I have discovered that bacteria organize many signaling pathways in membrane microdomains similar to the eukaryotic lipid rafts. Perturbation of bacterial lipid rafts leads to a potent and simultaneous impairment of all raft-harbored signaling pathways. Consequently, the disassembly of lipid rafts in pathogens like Staphylococcus aureus generates a simultaneous inhibition of numerous infection-related processes that can be further explored to control bacterial infections. This unexpected sophistication in membrane organization is unprecedented in bacteria and hence, this proposal will explore the molecular basis of the assembly of bacterial lipid rafts and their role in the infection-related processes. These questions will be addressed in three main goals: First, I will elucidate the molecular components and the mechanism of assembly of bacterial lipid rafts using S. aureus as model organism. Second, I will dissect the molecular basis that links the functionality of the infection-related processes to the integrity of bacterial lipid rafts. Third, my collection of anti-raft small molecules that are able to disrupt lipid rafts will be tested as antimicrobial agents to prevent hospital-acquired infections, abrogate pre-existing infections and develop bacteria-free materials that can be used in clinical settings. I will use a number of molecular approaches in combination with cutting-edge techniques in flow cytometry, cell-imaging and transcriptomics to clarify the architecture and functionality of lipid rafts and demonstrate the feasibility of targeting lipid a new strategy for anti-microbial therapy. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1016/j.cels.2018.06.006 | Interdependence between EGFR and Phosphatases Spatially Established by Vesicular Dynamics Generates a Growth Factor Sensing and Responding Network | The proto-oncogenic epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a tyrosine kinase whose sensitivity to growth factors and signal duration determines cellular behavior. We resolve how EGFR's response to epidermal growth factor (EGF) originates from dynamically established recursive interactions with spatially organized protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). Reciprocal genetic PTP perturbations enabled identification of receptor-like PTPRG/J at the plasma membrane and ER-associated PTPN2 as the major EGFR dephosphorylating activities. Imaging spatial-temporal PTP reactivity revealed that vesicular trafficking establishes a spatially distributed negative feedback with PTPN2 that determines signal duration. On the other hand, single-cell dose-response analysis uncovered a reactive oxygen species-mediated toggle switch between autocatalytically activated monomeric EGFR and the tumor suppressor PTPRG that governs EGFR's sensitivity to EGF. Vesicular recycling of monomeric EGFR unifies the interactions with these PTPs on distinct membrane systems, dynamically generating a network architecture that can sense and respond to time-varying growth factor signals. Cells continuously respond to temporal changes of growth factors, but it is unclear how the surface receptor tyrosine kinase EGFR senses and translates these changes. We identify three protein tyrosine phosphatases localized on the plasma membrane and the ER that together do more than erase the phosphorylation signal written by this receptor. We show that vesicular recycling unifies the recursive interactions of these phosphatases with autocatalytically activated EGFR, thereby enabling responsiveness to time-varying EGF stimuli. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
885069 | Synaptome architecture of the single neuron | Synapses participate in all our thoughts and actions and are damaged in over 100 genetic brain disorders. Synapses are the hallmark of brain complexity, being present in vast numbers and containing thousands of different proteins. Unravelling this complexity to get at the functional logic embedded within is a major challenge in neuroscience. We recently characterised excitatory synapse molecular diversity across the whole mammalian brain, revealing a remarkable 3D organisation of synapse types across the different regions – the ‘synaptome architecture’. This architecture is reorganised in genetic diseases, is important in structural and functional connectivity across the brain, and provides a mechanism for the storage and recall of information. But what of the fundamental, functional cellular building block of this architecture – the single neuron and its dendritic tree? Crucially, very little is known about the distribution of synapse types on individual neurons and what this actually means for brain function. The overarching goal of SYNAPTOME is to define single-neuron synaptome architecture (SNSA). We will develop new genetic labelling and computational approaches to systematically map SNSA in the mouse brain. We will identify the SNSA of specific functional types of neurons and determine whether neurons share a canonical SNSA. We will reveal how the SNSA is built during development and how it is relevant to the connections between neurons and their physiological properties and functional output. We will ask if the SNSA can direct us to the specific synapses damaged in genetic disorders. These studies will uncover fundamental design principles inherent in the building blocks of the brain that link genome, proteome and synaptome with the architecture and function of individual neurons and their organisation into brain-wide networks. The new tools, resources and knowledge that SYNAPTOME will bring will have wide application in neuroscience and disease research. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.5772/60416 | Parloma A Novel Human Robot Interaction System For Deaf Blind Remote Communication | Deaf-blindness forces people to live in isolation. At present, there is no existing technological solution enabling two (or many) deaf-blind people to communicate remotely among themselves in tacti. . . | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1051/0004-6361/202039294 | Hydrodynamical Simulations Of Protoplanetary Disks Including Irradiation Of Stellar Photons I Resolution Study For Vertical Shear Instability Vsi | In recent years hydrodynamical (HD) models have become important to describe the gas kinematics in protoplanetary disks, especially in combination with models of photoevaporation and/or magnetic-driven winds. We focus on diagnosing the the vertical extent of the VSI at 203 cells per scale height and allude at what resolution per scale height we obtain convergence. Finally, we determine the regions where EUV, FUV and X-Rays are dominant in the disk. We perform global HD simulations using the PLUTO code. We adopt a global isothermal accretion disk setup, 2. 5D (2 dimensions, 3 components) which covers a radial domain from 0. 5 to 5. 0 and an approximately full meridional extension. We determine the 50 cells per scale height to be the lower limit to resolve the VSI. For higher resolutions, greater than 50 cells per scale height, we observe the convergence for the saturation level of the kinetic energy. We are also able to identify the growth of the `body' modes, with higher growth rate for higher resolution. Full energy saturation and a turbulent steady state is reached after 70 local orbits. We determine the location of the EUV-heated region defined by the radial column density to be 10$^{19}$ cm$^{-2}$ located at $H_\mathrm{R}\sim9. 7$, and the FUV/X-Rays-heated boundary layer defined by 10$^{22}$ cm$^{-2}$ located at $H_\mathrm{R}\sim6. 2$, making it necessary to introduce the need of a hot atmosphere. For the first time, we report the presence of small scale vortices in the r-Z plane, between the characteristic layers of large scale vertical velocity motions. Such vortices could lead to dust concentration, promoting grain growth. Our results highlight the importance to combine photoevaporation processes in the future high-resolution studies of the turbulence and accretion processes in disks. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
10.1038/ijo.2016.88 | Tracking of body mass index from 7 to 69 years of age | Background: Heavy children have an increased risk of being overweight young adults. Whether this risk remains in late adulthood is not well-understood. We investigated body mass index (BMI; kg m-2) tracking from childhood to late adulthood. Methods: From the Copenhagen School Health Records Register, 72 959 men and 25 252 women born between 1930 and 1989 with BMI values at 7 and/or 13 years and as adults were included. Using a meta-regression approach, age- and sex-specific partial correlation analyses and logistic regressions were performed. Results: Correlations between BMI at 7 years and young adult ages (18-19 years) were r=0. 55 for men and r=0. 55 for women. At late ages (60-69 years) these were r=0. 28 for men and r=0. 26 for women. The correlations did not differ by birth years. Compared with normal-weight 7-year-olds, overweight children had a higher odds of overweight at 18-19 years; odds ratio (OR)=14. 02 (95% confidence interval (CI): 12. 14-16. 19) for men and 10. 46 (95% CI: 4. 82-22. 70) for women. At ages 60-69 years ORs were 5. 46 (95% CI: 0. 95-31. 36) for men and 1. 61 (95% CI: 0. 83-3. 15) for women. Correlations and ORs were stronger at age 13 years than age 7 years as expected, but the overall patterns were similar. Conclusions: BMI tracking was weaker at late adult ages than at young adult ages. Although BMI tracks across the life course, childhood BMI is relatively poor at identifying later adult overweight or obesity at ages when chronic diseases generally emerge. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
883687 | Multiple Designer Organelles for Expanded Eukaryotic life | The emergence of organelles dedicated to specific cellular functions drove the evolution of more complex eukaryotic organisms. We recently created membraneless organelles inside eukaryotic cells dedicated to orthogonal translation, which opened a new path to residue-specific protein engineering using genetic code expansion. We now want to design novel organelles into eukaryotes that will internally enact the entire central dogma of molecular biology. This will supplement the complex eukaryotic cell with an additional simple and easily tailored orthogonal machinery that can also facilitate transcription and replication. This will enable us to create eukaryotes that have more than four additional expanded genetic codes, and we will explore the functional space occupied by these novel living systems. The organelles will be enhanced to process specific signals to e.g. modify RNA or degrade specific proteins. Besides these curiosity-driven goals, specific applications will allow us to road test our technology. We will directly use these approaches to advance protein engineering in eukaryotes to create proteins and artificial peptide polymers having multiple, noncanonical functionalities suitable for diverse biotechnological applications and new bioinspired materials. We will also develop organelle design into a truly universal and powerful labeling method fully compatible with eukaryotic host cell physiology that has single-residue precision and goes way beyond the state-of-the-art of any fluorescent labeling technology. The approaches will be general and truly flexible in how translation can be tailored in terms of protein, RNA and codon choice, including sense codons and type of new functionalities. Progress made in recent decades has shown that protein design and engineering can revolutionize biology. We can only imagine what can be achieved with designed functional organelles inside eukaryotic cells and how they might enable the creation of new living systems. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1371/journal.pone.0143373 | What is the best NGS enrichment method for the molecular diagnosis of monogenic diabetes and obesity? | Molecular diagnosis of monogenic diabetes and obesity is of paramount importance for both the patient and society, as it can result in personalized medicine associated with a better life and it eventually saves health care spending. Genetic clinical laboratories are currently switching from Sanger sequencing to next-generation sequencing (NGS) approaches but choosing the optimal protocols is not easy. Here, we compared the sequencing coverage of 43 genes involved in monogenic forms of diabetes and obesity, and variant detection rates, resulting from four enrichment methods based on the sonication of DNA (Agilent SureSelect, RainDance technologies), or using enzymes for DNA fragmentation (Illumina Nextera, Agilent HaloPlex). We analyzed coding exons and untranslated regions of the 43 genes involved in monogenic diabetes and obesity. We found that none of the methods achieves yet full sequencing of the gene targets. Nonetheless, the RainDance, SureSelect and HaloPlex enrichment methods led to the best sequencing coverage of the targets; while the Nextera method resulted in the poorest sequencing coverage. Although the sequencing coverage was high, we unexpectedly found that the HaloPlex method missed 20% of variants detected by the three other methods and Nextera missed 10%. The question of which NGS technique for genetic diagnosis yields the highest diagnosis rate is frequently discussed in the literature and the response is still unclear. Here, we showed that the Rain-Dance enrichment method as well as SureSelect, which are both based on the sonication of DNA, resulted in a good sequencing quality and variant detection, while the use of enzymes to fragment DNA (HaloPlex or Nextera) might not be the best strategy to get an accurate sequencing. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
W17831775 | An Ice-Ocean Forecasting System For Eastern Canadian Waters | An ice-ocean forecasting system for eastern Canadian waters has been developed to provide short-term forecasts of ice concentration, ice thickness, sea surface temperature and other oceanographic variables. The system has been run operationally at Bedford Institute of Oceanography since 2007. Daily forecasts are provided to users in the offshore oil industrial, sea-ice research institutes, and government agencies responsible for search-and-rescue operation and marine shipping. Forecast results in graphic forms are posted on the Internet accessible by the general public. In this paper, the forecast model, forcing data, methods of data assimilation, operational procedure and evaluation of forecast skills are described. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1371/journal.pgen.1003540 | Cell Polarity and Patterning by PIN Trafficking through Early Endosomal Compartments in Arabidopsis thaliana | PIN-FORMED (PIN) proteins localize asymmetrically at the plasma membrane and mediate intercellular polar transport of the plant hormone auxin that is crucial for a multitude of developmental processes in plants. PIN localization is under extensive control by environmental or developmental cues, but mechanisms regulating PIN localization are not fully understood. Here we show that early endosomal components ARF GEF BEN1 and newly identified Sec1/Munc18 family protein BEN2 are involved in distinct steps of early endosomal trafficking. BEN1 and BEN2 are collectively required for polar PIN localization, for their dynamic repolarization, and consequently for auxin activity gradient formation and auxin-related developmental processes including embryonic patterning, organogenesis, and vasculature venation patterning. These results show that early endosomal trafficking is crucial for cell polarity and auxin-dependent regulation of plant architecture. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
172474 | The dark side of the belle époque. political violence and armed associations in europe before the first world war | This research project is a comparative historical study which examines the role of militias, paramilitary movements, armed organisations, and vigilante groups before the First World War (from the late 19th century to 1914). Its goal is to investigate how and to what extent organised political violence permeated European societies even before the outbreak of the Great War. The practice of organised violence represented a mass transnational experience in an era, the so-called Belle Époque, which is generally seen as characterised by peace and progress. Armed associations were male brotherhoods that experienced and perpetrated group violence. They also acted as agents of political mobilisation, shaping individual and collective identities. Despite their different origins and purposes, these groups shared repertoires of practices and political cultures in which violence was regarded as a fully legitimate course of action.
The project will provide a comprehensive, multi-scale overview of armed organisations in pre-1914 Europe. Although they represent a mass phenomenon, no comparative research on them has been carried on so far. The project will fill this gap by establishing a team of scholars who focus on Germany, Italy, the Iberian Peninsula, France, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and the United Kingdom.
The project also promises to bring about a paradigm shift in our understanding of the Great War and post-war paramilitary movements. Hundreds of thousands of male Europeans engaged in various violent practices as members of these groups. These experiences shaped patterns which exerted a lasting influence on the political and social life of the whole continent. The mass experience of violence among pre-war armed associations should be taken into account not only to challenge the reassuring image of the Belle Époque, but also to understand to what extent the radicalisation of politics paved the way to the massacres of the Great War and the turmoil of its aftermath. | [
"The Study of the Human Past",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
10.1016/j.apgeog.2018.02.017 | The influence of vegetation and surrounding traffic noise parameters on the sound environment of urban parks | The main aim of this study was to investigate the effects of vegetation and traffic-noise parameters on the sound environment of urban parks. Eight parks of different sizes and varying proximity to the city's ring road were selected in Antwerp, Belgium. The sound environment was evaluated with a dual approach, using primarily simulated traffic data from the surrounding roads and then measurement noise data from mobile devices within the parks. Percentile weighted sound levels were calculated considering various indicators (LA10, LA50, LA90, LAeq. ) with special emphasis on background noise (LA90) and peak values (LA10). Results showed that simulated noise levels were slightly overestimated compared to the actual ones. Within the parks very small differences were found no matter whether measurement points were examined individually or aggregated on grids. Overall, background noise (LA90) presented more fluctuations than LA10. At the same time, the average noise levels both for LA90 and LA10 were higher in the surrounding environment of the parks - compared to the inside – most probably because of traffic sound sources and the proximity to main roads. Additional analysis was also performed within the parks for the identification of “hot” and “cold” spots for LA90 using GIS tools. Relationships between noise levels and morphological features of the surrounding environment were also identified. The final step of analysis dealt with the effects of tree or grass areas in noise indices. The effect of additional sources other than traffic is also explained as part of the limitations and the actual findings of this research. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1117/12.2214758 | Megahertz Fdml Laser With Up To 143Nm Sweep Range For Ultrahigh Resolution Oct At 1050Nm | We present a new design of a Fourier Domain Mode Locked laser (FDML laser), which provides a new record in sweep
range at ~1μm center wavelength: At the fundamental sweep rate of 2x417 kHz we reach 143nm bandwidth and 120nm
with 4x buffering at 1. 67MHz sweep rate. The latter configuration of our system is characterized: The FWHM of the
point spread function (PSF) of a mirror is 5. 6μm (in tissue). Human in vivo retinal imaging is performed with the MHz
laser showing more details in vascular structures. Here we could measure an axial resolution of 6. 0μm by determining
the FWHM of specular reflex in the image. Additionally, challenges related to such a high sweep bandwidth such as
water absorption are investigated. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.3201/eid2310.170307 | Spread of chikungunya virus east/central/South African genotype in northeast Brazil | We investigated an outbreak of exanthematous illness in Maceió by using molecular surveillance; 76% of samples tested positive for chikungunya virus. Genetic analysis of 23 newly generated genomes identified the East/Central/South African genotype, suggesting that this lineage has persisted since mid-2014 in Brazil and may spread in the Americas and beyond. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf1475 | Long noncoding RNA Chast promotes cardiac remodeling | Recent studies highlighted long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) to play an important role in cardiac development. However, understanding of lncRNAs in cardiac diseases is still limited. Global lncRNA expression profiling indicated that several lncRNA transcripts are deregulated during pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy in mice. Using stringent selection criteria, we identified Chast (cardiac hypertrophy-associated transcript) as a potential lncRNA candidate that influences cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Cell fractionation experiments indicated that Chast is specifically up-regulated in cardiomyocytes in vivo in transverse aortic constriction (TAC)-operated mice. In accordance, CHAST homolog in humans was significantly up-regulated in hypertrophic heart tissue from aortic stenosis patients and in human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes upon hypertrophic stimuli. Viral-based overexpression of Chast was sufficient to induce cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in vitro and in vivo. GapmeR-mediated silencing of Chast both prevented and attenuated TAC-induced pathological cardiac remodeling with no early signs on toxicological side effects. Mechanistically, Chast negatively regulated Pleckstrin homology domain-containing protein familyMmember 1 (opposite strand of Chast), impeding cardiomyocyte autophagy and driving hypertrophy. These results indicate that Chast can be a potential target to prevent cardiac remodeling and highlight a general role of lncRNAs in heart diseases. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
10.1007/978-3-642-14287-1_6 | Experimental Detection Of Embedded Implicatures | According to the Gricean approach to scalar implicatures (SIs for short), SIs are pragmatic inferences that result from a reasoning about the speaker’s communicative intentions. In recent years, an alternative view of SIs (let us call it the ‘grammatical view’ of SIs) has been put forward, according to which they result from the optional presence of a covert so-called exhaustivity operator in the logical form of the relevant sentences and are thus reducible to standard semantic entailment (see Chierchia 2006, Fox 2007, Chierchia, Fox, and Spector in press, a. o, building on earlier grammatical approaches by, e. g. , Landman 1998, Chierchia 2004). | [
"Texts and Concepts",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
interreg_349 | Integration of recreation and tourism concerns in Natura 2000 management planning processes to support sustainability in the alpine area | The Alpine region contains a large number of valuable habitats and rare species of European interest, which are protected in Natura 2000 sites. They also host plenty of tourist destinations of European significance. Therefore tourist businesses are concerned that future development options may be severely limited and the recreational use of the landscape may be restricted, and that lack of information may lead to unjustified regulations. One crucial component for solving conflicts in Natura 2000 sites are management plans. This project will develop a management framework specific for sites with intensive tourism use. It will be developed and tested in several sites, and rely on comparative and standardised visitor monitoring methods, and appropriate forms of public participation that take the unique situations of tourist businesses into consideration. The project will also initiate a network of Natura 2000 sites and tourism destinations to share experiences and management options. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
170392 | Revivos - reviving singers through voice synthesis | Music Industry is seeking new forms of monetization of their catalogue. Online music distribution and current listening habits demand of innovative solutions for digital audiences that are today bigger than ever. Pop stars maintain a huge popularity years after their retirement or accidental decease. Moreover this interest gave recently a leap forward and moved to the stage, where holographic live shows revive artists in a mixed-reality concert.
In this scenario REVIVOS aims to commercialize a technology solution for synthesizing new songs with the voice of famous artists. The innovation of this project is the potential commercialization of Virtual Singers modeled from original artist recordings. The synthetic voice shall preserve not only their timbre but also the expression and singing style that make them unique. This project has a clear global dimension, focusing on the Western markets because they share a common popular music culture. Potential applications include among others the production of posthumous live shows, the release of new compositions, or the rejuvenation of the voice of a living or retired artist.
For the SME Instrument Phase 1, REVIVOS has as primary objective the realization of a study for the best business model for this new paradigm in the music and media industries. It consists of three stages: 1) Building a network of advisors; 2) Prototype and Demos preparation and 3) Business Plan elaboration. Outcomes shall define the implementation steps in a future Phase 2.
The team behind Voctro Labs has demonstrated excellence and capacity in the innovation related to Virtual Singers. Voctro Labs is an audio technology company specialized in singing voice synthesis. Cofounders are experts with more than 15 years of research and industrial experience. Founded in 2011, it is a spin-off of the Music Technology Group of the Pompeu Fabra University in Barcelona, a world-renowned research lab in sound and music computing. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1186/s12936-017-1978-6 | Do the venous blood samples replicate malaria parasite densities found in capillary blood? A field study performed in naturally-infected asymptomatic children in Cameroon | Background: The measure of new drug- or vaccine-based approaches for malaria control is based on direct membrane feeding assays (DMFAs) where gametocyte-infected blood samples are offered to mosquitoes through an artificial feeder system. Gametocyte donors are identified by the microscopic detection and quantification of malaria blood stages on blood films prepared using either capillary or venous blood. However, parasites are known to sequester in the microvasculature and this phenomenon may alter accurate detection of parasites in blood films. The blood source may then impact the success of mosquito feeding experiments and investigations are needed for the implementation of DMFAs under natural conditions. Methods: Thick blood smears were prepared from blood obtained from asymptomatic children attending primary schools in the vicinity of Mfou (Cameroon) over four transmission seasons. Parasite densities were determined microscopically from capillary and venous blood for 137 naturally-infected gametocyte carriers. The effect of the blood source on gametocyte and asexual stage densities was then assessed by fitting cumulative link mixed models (CLMM). DMFAs were performed to compare the infectiousness of gametocytes from the different blood sources to mosquitoes. Results: Prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum asexual stages among asymptomatic children aged from 4 to 15 years was 51. 8% (2116/4087). The overall prevalence of P. falciparum gametocyte carriage was 8. 9% and varied from one school to another. No difference in the density of gametocyte and asexual stages was found between capillary and venous blood. Attempts to perform DMFAs with capillary blood failed. Conclusions: Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasite densities do not differ between capillary and venous blood in asymptomatic subjects for both gametocyte and trophozoite stages. This finding suggests that the blood source should not interfere with transmission efficiency in DMFAs. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
224738 | Exploring the contribution of bacteriophages to the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance in environmental settings | Antibiotic resistance has become a global public health concern. Although this phenomenon has been widely studied in clinical settings, its impact has not been extensively explored in environmental settings. The environment is continually exposed to a wide variety of antimicrobials and their metabolites through wastewater treatment plant discharges, agricultural runoff, and animal feeding operations which may contribute to the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance. Moreover, the large-scale mixing of environmental bacteria with exogenous bacteria from anthropogenic sources provides the ideal selective and ecological conditions for the emergence of resistant bacteria. As a consequence, aquatic environments may provide ideal settings for the horizontal exchange of antibiotic resistance genes. Our working hypothesis is that bacteriophages (phages) play an important (and overlooked) role in the acquisition, maintenance and spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in environmental settings, particularly under anthropogenic disturbances. The specific aims of the ENVIROSTOME project are (i) to determine the contribution of phages to the horizontal transfer of ARGs in aquatic environments, and (ii) to investigate the impact of conventional and novel disinfection approaches in wastewater treatment on the prevalence of ARG-carrying phages in aquatic environments. Dr. Balcazár’s group have demonstrated that environmental phages contain a large diversity of ARGs, which warrants further research to clarify their contribution to the emergence of antibiotic resistance among environmental bacteria, as well as to investigate their control through disinfection. The results of this research are expected to deliver critical insights for tackling the global crisis of antibiotic resistance. The project is also supported by an intersectoral secondment with the world-class water intelligence company BlueTech Research and by its founder and CEO, Paul O'Callaghan. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
W2015509135 | Sailing to Byzantium and Byzantium of W. B. Yeats – A Symbolical Viewpoint According to the Creation of Primal Elements | Two well-known poems of W. B. Yeats are seen here in a specific perspective of Creation primal elements (earth, water, air, fire) by a symbolical point of view. Certainly, there are different interpretations of these poems, where symbolic point of view is fundamental. The very symbols which interpretation/ analyses focus on are sailing (travelling) and city (Byzantium). Through our interpretation we use to move forward: There is a fore text according to which author uses to construct/create a poem, being and feeling himself as a creator (author). According to this creative thought he move structurally and mentally travelling (sailing) to the city of a mystical significance, Byzantium (New Jerusalem) through which he try to evoke symbolically/poetically Revelation and be part elementarily with Creation of Bible, that is to say: he creates a poetry with a the creation/poetry aim to be structurally and ideally well ordered and harmonized as Creation is. In this point of view the Creation is as a fore text, structurally and symbolically organized, perfectly as it is a work of God. Moving through this perspective and seeing the creation as a work of Creation, aiming to be part of, it is the perplexity of the poet himself as a creator, maker (poet). This interpretation points out the interrelation of a poet (maker, creator) with the Creator/ God and the poesy (making, creation) with Creation and the role of the quest for the poet, symbolically expressed through a journey. DOI: 10.5901/ajis.2012.v2n4p223 | [
"Texts and Concepts"
]
|
10.1038/NPHYS3083 | Pseudospin Driven Spin Relaxation Mechanism In Graphene | The prospect of transporting spin information over long distances in graphene, possible because of its small intrinsic spin–orbit coupling (SOC) and vanishing hyperfine interaction, has stimulated intense research exploring spintronics applications. However, measured spin relaxation times are orders of magnitude smaller than initially predicted, while the main physical process for spin dephasing and its charge-density and disorder dependences remain unconvincingly described by conventional mechanisms. Here, we unravel a spin relaxation mechanism for non-magnetic samples that follows from an entanglement between spin and pseudospin driven by random SOC, unique to graphene. The mixing between spin and pseudospin-related Berry’s phases results in fast spin dephasing even when approaching the ballistic limit, with increasing relaxation times away from the Dirac point, as observed experimentally. The SOC can be caused by adatoms, ripples or even the substrate, suggesting novel spin manipulation strategies based on the pseudospin degree of freedom. Spin relaxation in graphene is much faster than theoretically expected. Now, a scenario based on a mixing of spin and pseudospin degrees of freedom and defect-induced spatial spin–orbit coupling variations predicts longer spin relaxation times. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
2722203 | Artificial metabolic cells for biomanufacturing of bio-based chiral fine chemicals | One of the major challenges of sustainable chemistry is expanding the palette of bio-based chemicals that can replace, or at least ameliorate, the exploitation of fuel-based chemicals. Cell-free metabolic engineering using soluble enzymes is an emerging and versatile approach that seeks to increase the selectivity and productivity of chemical biomanufacturing processes. However, soluble and isolated enzymes present major issues in terms of efficiency, stability and re-usability that hamper industrial applications.
To solve these problems, enzymes can be rationally immobilized on smart materials resulting in robust, efficient and self-sufficient heterogeneous biocatalysts, but immobilization is still restricted to simple enzyme cascades. METACELL mission is developing self-sufficient artificial metabolic cells (AMCs) by immobilizing complex metabolic networks on hierarchical porous materials. To this aim, the solid surfaces must play an active role in the chemical process rather than just being a mere immobilization support.
This integrative proposal will exploit protein engineering, surface chemistry, bio-organic chemistry and protein immobilization tools for the successful development of 1) a cell-free artificial metabolism, 2) innovative engineering tools to modify both enzyme and material surfaces and 3) continuous synthesis of industrially relevant fine chemicals catalyzed by AMCs packed into flow reactors. The resulting technology of METACELL will serve as a prototyping platform to test artificial biosynthetic pathways with application in combinatorial chemistry (e.g drugs discovery). METACELL may also offer long-term solutions for the on-demand production of drugs at the point-of-care.
In addition to the technological outputs, METACELL will also provide essential information to understand how spatial organization of multi-enzyme systems affect the performance of in vitro biosynthetic pathways confined into artificial chassis (solid materials). | [
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering"
]
|
W1779795533 | Hox5 Genes Regulate the Wnt2/2b-Bmp4-Signaling Axis during Lung Development | Hox genes are required for proper anteroposterior axial patterning and the development of several organ systems. Here, we show that all three Hox5 paralogous genes play redundant roles in the developing lung. Hoxa5;Hoxb5;Hoxc5 triple-mutant embryos develop severely hypoplastic lungs with reduced branching and proximal-distal patterning defects. Hox5 genes are exclusively expressed in the lung mesoderm; however, defects are observed in both lung mesenchyme and endodermally derived epithelium, demonstrating that Hox5 genes act to regulate mesodermal-epithelial crosstalk during development. We show that Hox5 loss of function leads to loss of Wnt2/2b expression in the distal lung mesenchyme and the downregulation of previously identified downstream targets of Wnt2/2b signaling, including Lef1, Axin2, and Bmp4. Wnt2/2b-enriched media rescue proper Sox2/Sox9 patterning and restore Bmp4 expression in Hox5 triple-mutant lung explants. Taken together, these data show that Hox5 genes are key upstream mesenchymal regulators of the Wnt2/2b-Bmp4-signaling axis critical for proper lung patterning. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1080/23746149.2019.1651672 | Engineered Electronic States In Atomically Precise Artificial Lattices And Graphene Nanoribbons | The fabrication of atomically precise structures with designer electronic properties is one of the emerging topics in condensed matter physics. The required level of structural control can either b. . . | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1098/rspb.2015.0211 | Does natural selection favour taller stature among the tallest people on earth? | The Dutch are the tallest people on earth. Over the last 200 years, they have grown 20 cm in height: a rapid rate of increase that points to environmental causes. This secular trend in height is echoed across all Western populations, but came to an end, or at least levelled off, much earlier than in The Netherlands. One possibility, then, is that natural selection acted congruently with these environmentally induced changes to further promote tall stature among the people of the lowlands. Using data from the LifeLines study, which follows a large sample of the population of the north of The Netherlands (
n
= 94 516), we examined how height was related to measures of reproductive success (as a proxy for fitness). Across three decades (1935–1967), height was consistently related to reproductive output (number of children born and number of surviving children), favouring taller men and average height women. This was despite a later age at first birth for taller individuals. Furthermore, even in this low-mortality population, taller women experienced higher child survival, which contributed positively to their increased reproductive success. Thus, natural selection in addition to good environmental conditions may help explain why the Dutch are so tall. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
W2059483036 | The Visual Turing Test for Scene Reconstruction | We present the first large scale system for capturing and rendering relight able scene reconstructions from massive unstructured photo collections taken under different illumination conditions and viewpoints. We combine photos taken from many sources, Flickr-Based ground-level imagery, oblique aerial views, and street view, to recover models that are significantly more complete and detailed than previously demonstrated. We demonstrate the ability to match both the viewpoint and illumination of arbitrary input photos, enabling a Visual Turing Test in which photo and rendering are viewed side-by-side and the observer has to guess which is which. While we cannot yet fool human perception, the gap is closing. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
W2004897885 | Interaction of Ag with the Si(111)1×1–H surface | Abstract Synchrotron radiation based photoemission spectroscopy (SRPES) and low energy electron diffraction (LEED) are used to study the interaction between Ag atoms and the Si(1 1 1)1 × 1–H surface. At an Ag coverage of 0.063 monolayers (ML) on the Si(1 1 1)1 × 1–H surface, the Si 2p component corresponding to Si–H bonds decreases, and an additional Si 2p component appears which shifts to a lower binding energy by 109 meV with respect to the Si bulk peak. The new Si 2p component is also observed for 0.25 ML Ag on the Si(1 1 1)7 × 7 surface. These findings suggest that Ag atoms replace the H atoms of the Si(1 1 1)1 × 1–H surface and form direct Ag–Si bonds. Contrary to the widely accepted view that there is no chemical interaction between Ag particles and the H-passivated Si surface, these results are in good agreement with recent first-principles calculations. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1073/pnas.1714801114 | Intact hemisphere and corpus callosum compensate for visuomotor functions after early visual cortex damage | Unilateral damage to the primary visual cortex (V1) leads to clinical blindness in the opposite visual hemifield, yet nonconscious ability to transform unseen visual input into motor output can be retained, a condition known as “blindsight. ” Here we combined psychophysics, functional magnetic resonance imaging, and tractography to investigate the functional and structural properties that enable the developing brain to partly overcome the effects of early V1 lesion in one blindsight patient. Visual stimuli appeared in either the intact or blind hemifield and simple responses were given with either the left or right hand, thereby creating conditions where visual input and motor output involve the same or opposite hemisphere. When the V1-damaged hemisphere was challenged by incoming visual stimuli, or controlled manual responses to these unseen stimuli, the corpus callosum (CC) dynamically recruited areas in the visual dorsal stream and premotor cortex of the intact hemisphere to compensate for altered visuomotor functions. These compensatory changes in functional brain activity were paralleled by increased connections in posterior regions of the CC, where fibers connecting homologous areas of the parietal cortex course. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
W1985387602 | Aligning Business and IT Strategies in Multi-business Organizations | The alignment of business and information technology (IT) strategies is an important and enduring theoretical challenge for the information systems discipline, remaining a top issue in practice over the past 20 years. Multi-business organizations (MBOs) present a particular alignment challenge because business strategies are developed at the corporate level, within individual strategic business units and across the corporate investment cycle. In contrast, the extant literature implicitly assumes that IT strategy is aligned with a single business strategy at a single point in time. This paper draws on resource-based theory and path dependence to model functional, structural, and temporal IT strategic alignment in MBOs. Drawing on Makadok's theory of profit, we show how each form of alignment creates value through the three strategic drivers of competence, governance, and flexibility, respectively. We illustrate the model with examples from a case study on the Commonwealth Bank of Australia. We also explore the model's implications for existing IT alignment models, providing alternative theoretical explanations for how IT alignment creates value. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1063/1.5115260 | Antimony Doped Tin Oxide Polyethylenimine Electron Selective Contact For Reliable And Light Soaking Free High Performance Inverted Organic Solar Cells | We have demonstrated a high-performance low temperature solution processed electron selective contact consisting of 10 at. % antimony doped tin oxide (ATO) and the neutral polymer polyethylenimine (PEI). Inverted organic photovoltaics (OPVs) utilizing ATO/PEI as electron selective contact exhibited high power conversion efficiencies for both the reference P3HT:PCBM and the nonfullerene based P3HT:IDTBR active layer OPV material systems. Importantly, it is shown that the proposed ATO/PEI carrier selective contact provides light soaking-free inverted OPVs. Furthermore, by increasing the thickness of the ATO layer from 40 to 120 nm, the power conversion efficiency of the corresponding inverted OPVs remain unaffected, a parameter which indicates the potential of the proposed ATO/PEI carrier selective contact for high performance light-soaking-free and reliable roll-to-roll printing solutions processed inverted OPVs. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1016/j.crma.2014.12.007 | On metric Diophantine approximation in matrices and Lie groups | We study the Diophantine exponent of analytic submanifolds of m×. n real matrices, answering questions of Beresnevich, Kleinbock, and Margulis. We identify a family of algebraic obstructions to the extremality of such a submanifold, and give a formula for the exponent when the submanifold is algebraic and defined over Q. We then apply these results to the determination of the Diophantine exponent of rational nilpotent Lie groups. Nous étudions l'exposant diophantien des sous-variétés analytiques de matrices réelles m×. n et répondons à certaines questions posées par Beresnevich, Kleinbock et Margulis. Nous identifions une famille d'obstructions algébriques à l'extrémalité d'une telle sous-variété, et donnons une formule pour l'exposant lorsque celle-ci est définie sur Q. Enfin, nous appliquons ces résultats à la détermination de l'exposant diophantien des groupes de Lie nilpotents rationnels. | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1074/mcp.RA117.000471 | AP-SWATH reveals direct involvement of VCP/ p97 in integrated stress response signaling through facilitating CReP/PPP1R15B degradation | The ubiquitin-directed AAA-ATPase VCP/p97 facilitates degradation of damaged or misfolded proteins in diverse cellular stress response pathways. Resolving the complexity of its interactions with partner and substrate proteins and understanding its links to stress signaling is therefore a major challenge. Here, we used affinity-purification SWATH mass spectrometry (AP-SWATH) to identify proteins that specifically interact with the substrate-trapping mutant, p97-E578Q. AP-SWATH identified differential interactions over a large detection range from abundant p97 cofactors to pathway-specific partners and individual ligases such as RNF185 and MUL1 that were trapped in p97-E578Q complexes. In addition, we identified various substrate proteins and candidates including the PP1 regulator CReP/PPP1R15B that dephosphory-lates eIF2 and thus counteracts attenuation of translation by stress-kinases. We provide evidence that p97 with its Ufd1-Npl4 adapter ensures rapid constitutive turnover and balanced levels of CReP in unperturbed cells. Moreover, we show that p97-mediated degradation, together with a reduction in CReP synthesis, is essential for timely stress-induced reduction of CReP levels and, consequently, for robust eIF2 phosphorylation to enforce the stress response. Thus, our results demonstrate that p97 not only facilitates bulk degradation of misfolded proteins upon stress, but also directly modulates the integrated stress response at the level of signaling. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
219045 | Food safety monitoring by electrochemical lateral flow immunoassay | The international food safety community is demanding new technological advances in rapid and quantitative immunobiosensors. These devices will enable the implementation of on-site monitoring processes for the most relevant analytes (pathogens, allergens, etc) set by international standards on food safety at lower costs at affordable costs for the food industry, with the additional health and economic benefits for the society.
BIOLAN, a European SME leader in the field of biosensors for the food industry, aims to disrupt the market within the next years with the commercialization of rapid, low cost, disposable and quantitative one-step inmunobiosensors based on the Electrochemical Lateral Flow Immunoassay (ELFI) analytical technology.
In FOODSELFI, BIOLAN aims to overcome the current limitations of the LF technology for the development of a rapid quantitative immunobiosensors (lack of quantitative and reproducible results to allow mass manufacturing), through a new ELFI technology concept formulation: screen printed electrodes in the same paper material substrate of the Lateral Flow immunoassay. This simplified design could enable a mass-manufacturing process of quantitative immunosensors with increased sensitivity and reproducibility levels, by means of
In order to achieve this goal, BIOLAN ambitions to exploit its deep skills in two technologies critical for the development of mass-manufacturing process of quantitative biosensors, such electrochemical detection and electrode screen printing. However, BIOLAN lacks the knowledge on other critical skills such lateral flow inmunoassays and paper-based microfluidics.
Through the support of an SME Innovation Associate expert in the identified missing skills, working in close collaboration with a multidisciplinary team of biologist, chemist, and electronic engineers, BIOLAN will test the feasibility of FOODSELFI’s business idea and will define an innovation programme for its successful implementation. | [
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1021/ct2003622 | GROMOS++ software for the analysis of biomolecular simulation trajectories | GROMOS++ is a set of C++ programs for pre- and postprocessing of molecular dynamics simulation trajectories and as such is part of the GROningen MOlecular Simulation software for (bio)molecular simulation. It contains more than 70 programs that can be used to prepare data for the production of molecular simulation trajectories and to analyze these. These programs are reviewed and the various structural, dynamic, and thermodynamic quantities that can be analyzed using time series, correlation functions, and distributions are described together with technical aspects of their implementation in GROMOS. A few examples of the use of GROMOS++ for the analysis of MD trajectories are given. A full list of all GROMOS++ programs, together with an indication of their capabilities, is given in the Appendix. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1007/s00023-018-00757-0 | Energy Contribution of a Point-Interacting Impurity in a Fermi Gas | We give a bound on the ground-state energy of a system of N non-interacting fermions in a three-dimensional cubic box interacting with an impurity particle via point interactions. We show that the change in energy compared to the system in the absence of the impurity is bounded in terms of the gas density and the scattering length of the interaction, independently of N. Our bound holds as long as the ratio of the mass of the impurity to the one of the gas particles is larger than a critical value m ∗ ∗ ≈ 0. 36 , which is the same regime for which we recently showed stability of the system. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
interreg_2216 | Strategies and measures for fire risk mitigation in the Mediterranean area | This project tackles the challenge of better fire forecasting, prevention and suppression to protect and promote the environmental, cultural and tourist resources of the "Maritime" space. The general objective is to contribute to the improvement of the capacity of public institutions to prevent and manage the growing fire risk deriving from climate change, in areas of high anthropic presence and in areas of significant naturalistic interest, also through appropriate adaptation actions. The project wishes to promote and enhance the coverage and integration of joint public fire risk management systems, where such systems are absent or not enough. It plans for the following: 1) Developing innovative governance models and implementing joint prevention plans 2) Transferring innovative models and methodologies from the scientific world to public administrations 3) Creating a joint monitoring and coordination system for the fight against fires 4) Developing communication, awareness-raising and training actions for the benefit of the resident population, tourists and sector operators. The intervention strategy will be based on specific material investments and the following outcomes: 1) Joint Action Plan (JAP) on monitoring networks and data sharing platforms; 2) JAP on fire forecasting and prevention; iii) JAP on strategic planning and management including climate change adaptation plans. The cross-border approach is, therefore, essential for the integration of joint public risk management systems and more effective cooperation between the authorities responsible for fire risk. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
US 9513173 W | VEHICLE DOOR ADJUSTMENT SYSTEM | A vehicle door alignment system is disclosed for permanently aligning a vertically sliding door (10) or a structural key member (12) located on an edge of the door (10) engages an oversized mating receptacle (14) located on a corresponding edge of the door opening (16) when the door (10) is in a closed position. The door (10) is fixtured in an aligned position, and the volume between the key member (12) and the receptacle (14) is filled with a hardenable liquid resin (26). Once the resin means hardens, the door (10) may be opened, thereby disengaging the key member (12) from the receptacle (14) and leaving an imprint or mold of the exact shape and aligned position of the key member (12) in the solid resin means (26). When the invention is used with a hinged door, an oversized mating housing (38) receives a hinge post (34) and sleeve (36) surrounding the hinge post (34). A liquid resin (10) is introduced between the sleeve (36) and housing (38) and allowed to harden. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1016/j.chembiol.2014.08.010 | Photoswitchable red fluorescent protein with a large Stokes shift | A subclass of fluorescent proteins (FPs), large Stokes shift (LSS) FP, are characterized by increased spread between excitation and emission maxima. We report a photoswitchable variant of a red FP with an LSS, PSLSSmKate, which initially exhibits excitation and emission at 445 and 622 nm, but violet irradiation photoswitches PSLSSmKate into a common red form with excitation and emission at 573 and 621 nm. We characterize spectral, photophysical, and biochemical properties of PSLSSmKate in vitro and in mammalian cells and determine its crystal structure in the LSS form. Mass spectrometry, mutagenesis, and spectroscopy of PSLSSmKate allow us to propose molecular mechanisms for the LSS, pH dependence, and light-induced chromophore transformation. We demonstrate the applicability of PSLSSmKate to superresolution photoactivated localization microscopy and protein dynamics in live cells. Given its promising properties, we expect that PSLSSmKate-like phenotype will be further used for photoactivatable imaging and tracking multiple populations of intracellular objects. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1051/0004-6361/201833560 | Dissecting Bombs And Bursts Non Lte Inversions Of Low Atmosphere Reconnection In Sst And Iris Observations | Ellerman bombs and UV bursts are transient brightenings that are ubiquitously observed in the lower atmospheres of active and emerging flux regions. As they are believed to pinpoint sites of magnet . . . | [
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
Q2700747 | Betriebskapital | Das Projekt betrifft die Unterstützung des Betriebskapitals eines Unternehmens im Falle eines Umsatzrückgangs (Umsatzerlöse), der durch die negativen Auswirkungen des COVID-19-Ausbruchs verursacht wird. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
W2371501792 | Evaluation of Agricultural System Harmony Coefficient on Dingxi Area | On the basis of some relative agricultural appraised index,the agricultural system harmony coefficient was established according to the natural and economic condition of Dingxi area.Harmony coefficient(HC) model was constructed which was consists of efficacy function,harmony coefficient function,the harmony coefficient of Dingxi agricultural system as well as subsystem was calculated to identify the range of harmony coefficient of each system in different years.HC of agricultural system mainly affected by the change of harmony coefficient of population system,economic system,social system and environmental system.HC of internal factors in agricultural system of Dingxi area was low,it was seriously affected the overall harmony of agricultural system.As a result,effective coordination and control should be implemented in the process to achieve healthy and stable development. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1039/c8cy02235f | Zr-MOF-808@MCM-41 catalyzed phosgene-free synthesis of polyurethane precursors | In this work, a catalytic method is presented for the synthesis of aromatic carbamates from aromatic amines using dimethyl carbonate instead of phosgene as a green and safe reaction process. Microcrystalline Zr-MOF-808 is reported as an active and efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the selective carbamoylation of anilines and industrially relevant aromatic diamines, under mild reaction conditions with near quantitative yields. We have accomplished the selective growth of well-dispersed Zr-MOF-808 nanocrystals within the mesoporous material MCM-41. A superior catalytic performance of the Zr-MOF-808@MCM-41 is demonstrated that together with increased stability stands out as an advantageous heterogeneous catalyst for polyurethane production. In situ FTIR studies have allowed a better understanding of the reaction pathway at the molecular level when the active MOF catalyst is present. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1117/12.2263357 | Towards Detection Of Pipeline Integrity Threats Using A Smart Fiber Optic Surveillance System Pit Stop Project Blind Field Test Results | This paper presents the first report on on-line and final blind field test results of a pipeline integrity threat surveillance system. The system integrates a machine+activity identification mode, and a threat detection mode. Two different pipeline sections were selected for the blind tests: One close to the sensor position, and the other 35 km away from it. Results of the machine+activity identification mode showed that about 46% of the times the machine, the activity or both were correctly identified. For the threat detection mode, 8 out of 10 threats were correctly detected, with 1 false alarm. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.186601 | Real-space and reciprocal-space berry phases in the hall effect of Mn1-xFexSi | We report an experimental and computational study of the Hall effect in Mn1-xFexSi, as complemented by measurements in Mn1-xCoxSi, when helimagnetic order is suppressed under substitutional doping. For small x the anomalous Hall effect (AHE) and the topological Hall effect (THE) change sign. Under larger doping the AHE remains small and consistent with the magnetization, while the THE grows by over a factor of 10. Both the sign and the magnitude of the AHE and the THE are in excellent agreement with calculations based on density functional theory. Our study provides the long-sought material-specific microscopic justification that, while the AHE is due to the reciprocal-space Berry curvature, the THE originates in real-space Berry phases. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1080/17449057.2014.991151 | Claimed Co Ethnics And Kin State Citizenship In Southeastern Europe | AbstractThe paper introduces the often neglected concept of ‘claimed co-ethnics’ in the analysis of citizenship policies. It argues that this is an interstitial category that further complicates the triadic nexus between national minorities, nationalising states and kin-states. The ‘claimed co-ethnics’ are defined as people who are recognised by the citizenship (or ethnizenship) conferring state as belonging to its main ethnic group, although they themselves do not embrace that definition. In addition to bringing the issue of claimed co-ethnics into focus, the paper elucidates how citizenship policies can affect groups that challenge the exact fit between ethnicity and nation, showing how national governments through particular citizenship policies and categorisation practices engage in the construction of these groups. The paper shows that the triadic nexus framework, which has had a strong influence on citizenship and minorities scholarship, needs to be revised to include unidirectional relations betwee. . . | [
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
AU 2014/228344 A | HDAC inhibitors | Disclosed herein are compounds of formula (I), and methods of inhibiting histone deacetylase ("HDAC") enzymes (e.g., HDAC1, HDAC2, and HDAC3) using compounds of formula (I). | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.