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FR 0102198 W | LABELLING FILM FOR ERASABLE WRITING, AND LABELLED PRODUCTS | The invention concerns a filing product produced on a substrate (3) in the form of a sheet of paper, cardboard or plastic material, at least partially covered with a thin polypropylene film (4) forming a surface for erasable writing. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1080/17441692.2018.1462841 | Queering The Evidence Remaking Homosexuality And Hiv Risk To End Aids In Kenya | Until recently, HIV in Africa was presumed to be driven by poverty, gender inequality and poor governance. The last decade has seen a shift in global and national public health discourses, especially in eastern Africa where new statistical evidence is used to justify prevention efforts to target Key Populations, i. e. men who have sex with men (MSM), injecting drug users, and sex workers. In this article, we focus on Kenya to examine state, NGO and community HIV treatment and prevention efforts targeting MSM, specifically male sex workers. We combine ethnographic fieldwork with a critical analysis of policy(making) and implementation practices to sketch the contours of the global, national and local forces that have combined to (re)make male homosexual sex to be understood as a practice that contributes to HIV incidence in Kenya. We also show that HIV-related MSM programmes in Kenya primarily enrol male sex workers in HIV treatment programmes, which focus on mainly on treatment adherence and pay insufficient attention to the economic and psycho-social problems experienced by male sex workers. Although upper and middle class MSM are involved in running LGTBI rights-based interventions and in mobilising male sex workers for HIV interventions, they are rarely targeted by those interventions. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
10.1109/RE.2013.6636745 | Requirements Driven Adaptive Digital Forensics | We propose the use of forensic requirements to drive the automation of a digital forensics process. We augment traditional reactive digital forensics processes with proactive evidence collection and analysis activities, and provide immediate investigative suggestions before an investigation starts. These activities adapt depending on suspicious events, which in turn might require the collection and analysis of additional evidence. The reactive activities of a traditional digital forensics process are also adapted depending on the investigation findings. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1371/journal.ppat.1004662 | Prion Infections and Anti-PrP Antibodies Trigger Converging Neurotoxic Pathways | Prions induce lethal neurodegeneration and consist of PrPSc, an aggregated conformer of the cellular prion protein PrPC. Antibody-derived ligands to the globular domain of PrPC (collectively termed GDL) are also neurotoxic. Here we show that GDL and prion infections activate the same pathways. Firstly, both GDL and prion infection of cerebellar organotypic cultured slices (COCS) induced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Accordingly, ROS scavenging, which counteracts GDL toxicity in vitro and in vivo, prolonged the lifespan of prion-infected mice and protected prion-infected COCS from neurodegeneration. Instead, neither glutamate receptor antagonists nor inhibitors of endoplasmic reticulum calcium channels abolished neurotoxicity in either model. Secondly, antibodies against the flexible tail (FT) of PrPC reduced neurotoxicity in both GDL-exposed and prion-infected COCS, suggesting that the FT executes toxicity in both paradigms. Thirdly, the PERK pathway of the unfolded protein response was activated in both models. Finally, 80% of transcriptionally downregulated genes overlapped between prion-infected and GDL-treated COCS. We conclude that GDL mimic the interaction of PrPSc with PrPC, thereby triggering the downstream events characteristic of prion infection. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
W4312961465 | ENTRAVES DAS EXPORTAÇÕES DE ALGODÃO PELO PORTO DE SANTOS: OBSERVANDO O PROCESSO | O algodão, desde de seu cultivo ao escoamento, mostra-se como um comodity de grande importância na exportação, tanto no Brasil como ao redor do mundo. Produto que atinge de forma impactante, tanto o mercado interno, como externo, agregando valor aos mais diversos setores em diferentes áreas da indústria. No Brasil através de investimentos em tecnologia e pesquisas, o setor agropecuário foi impulsionado ao longo de décadas, contribuindo para os aumento das exportações para diversos países no mundo. Nesses termos, justifica-se o presente artigo pela sensível relevância deste comodity para a economia nacional, contribuindo de forma significativa para a balança comercial brasileira. Portanto, este artigo busca verificar a situação da cadeia produtiva do algodão e suas dificuldades na exportação, objetivando esclarecer dúvidas, relativas aos problemas ocorridos durante esses processos. Para isto, como metodologia utilizou-se a pesquisa descritiva, por meios de fatos observados e registrados, além de bases de dados governamentais, artigos e livros | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
interreg_1746 | Support INsular and low density areas in the transition towards a more CIRCuLar tourism Economy | Natural resources in vulnerable MED tourist territories, such as islands and scarcely inhabited areas, are at stake. The carrying capacity of such MED destinations is often counterposing interests of tourist stakeholders and local communities. A joint response and a shared methodological framework to policy making are required in tackled territories, to seize the sustainability challenge, especially in terms of an improved and integrated sustainable tourism planning to preserve and valorise non-renewable resources.INCIRCLE will build up on previous projects, capitalising knowledge and available tools to test a new methodology that will apply the principles of circular economy to the tourism sector, with a focus on the peculiar needs of islands and low density areas.
INCIRCLE tailored policies will address mobility, energy efficiency, use of limited resources as water and waste production, while enhancing community prosperity and quality of life.Durable and easily adaptable outputs are envisaged to provide MED decision makers with concrete tools and testing opportunities to improve their capacity in terms of assessing and planning sustainability in territories where resources are already scarce, to disclose new funding and concrete replication opportunities, establishing a critical mass for a MED sustainable and circular growth. Capitalization activities will replicate activities in further territories and mainstream results in regional, national and European policies. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1016/j.erss.2017.10.032 | Critical perspectives on disruptive innovation and energy transformation | What are ‘disruption’ and ‘disruptive innovation’? And what relevance do they have for energy transformation? Ten critical perspectives offer ten contrasting responses to these questions. The relevance of Christensen's canonical definition of disruptive innovation is highly contested in its applicability to energy and climate challenges, as is the usefulness of analysing discrete business models or technologies rather than socio-technical systems. Further research on disruptive innovation and energy transformation needs to tackle: (i) the social, systemic and emissions impact of widespread adoption; (ii) how to mitigate the adverse distributional consequences of disruption; (iii) the consumer appeal of ‘good enough’ products for users marginalised or excluded from mainstream markets; (iv) the role of incumbents in system transformation; and (v) the reasons for geographic variation in disruption processes currently underway. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
10.1051/0004-6361/201015800 | Wasp 38B A Transiting Exoplanet In An Eccentric 6 87D Period Orbit | We report the discovery of WASP-38b, a long period transiting planet in an eccentric 6. 871815 day orbit. The transit epoch is 2455335. 92050 +/- 0. 00074 (HJD) and the transit duration is 4. 663 hours. WASP-38b's discovery was enabled due to an upgrade to the SuperWASP-North cameras. We performed a spectral analysis of the host star HD 146389/BD+10 2980 that yielded Teff = 6150 +/- 80K, logg =4. 3 +/- 0. 1, vsini=8. 6 +/- 0. 4 km/s, M*=1. 16 +/- 0. 04 Msun and R* =1. 33 +/- 0. 03 Rsun, consistent with a dwarf of spectral type F8. Assuming a main-sequence mass-radius relation for the star, we fitted simultaneously the radial velocity variations and the transit light curves to estimate the orbital and planetary parameters. The planet has a mass of 2. 69 +/- 0. 06 Mjup and a radius of 1. 09 +/-0. 03 Rjup giving a density, rho_p = 2. 1 +/-0. 1 rho_jup. The high precision of the eccentricity e=0. 0314 +/- 0. 0044 is due to the relative transit timing from the light curves and the RV shape. The planet equilibrium temperature is estimated at 1292 +/- 33K. WASP-38b is the longest period planet found by SuperWASP-North and with a bright host star (V =9. 4 mag), is a good candidate for followup atmospheric studies. | [
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
interreg_722 | COESIMA - Coopération Européenne de Sites Majeurs d'Accuei | Pilgrimages have been a unique cornerstone in the creation of European cultures as a result of the exchanges generated by the 2,500 pilgrimage sites that have existed on the European continent. Today, most of these sites have disappeared because they have not been able to keep up with developments in society nor have they adapted to new visitor expectations. It is now necessary to take into account new social aspects and new spiritual and cultural practices in order to guarantee and diversify the activity of such sites, attracting a broader public. Overall objective / Objectif général In the framework of the European network of the seven Major Visitor Sites, COESIMA aims to improve organisation and to adapt and diversify activities to improve the economic and social development of such locations. Analysis of tourism flows by means of the same visitor frequency studies should make it possible to ascertain the motivation, the loyalty and the expectations of pilgrims from Europe and from the rest of the world. Accessibility studies will define any adaptations required for the handicapped. Actions to promote cultural value should involve the protection and restoration of outstanding constructions. The lead partner’s experience in cross-border cooperation (INTERREG II AND III A) and the topics covered in this framework should form a basis for continued, coherent action in inter-regional cooperation as presented in COESIMA. Expected results / Résultats attendus COESIMA creates a permanent network of the major European visitor sites so that know-how can be acquired, shared, developed and disseminated. The themed studies that form the pilot action of this project should lead to the definition of options for structural alterations or events to be set up in each site to improve organisation and utilisation. Such elements are necessary to make the locations more attractive and to diversify them in order to promote sustainable development. Common promotion will increase themed stays in the COESIMA towns for international visitors. It will be backed by actions to improve the quality of reception based on a joint charter set up by the “major visitor sites” to promote visitor loyalty. | [
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"The Study of the Human Past"
]
|
Q4936276 | (14508.17092020.172000205) AGRICHIANTI | DOES THE INVESTMENT INVOLVE THE PURCHASE OF AN ESCAVARORE FOR THE ACTIVITY? OF THE COMPANY AND A VAN WITH APPROPRIATE CHARACTERISTICS FOR THE PERFORMANCE OF THE ACTIVITIES? CONSTRUCTION SITE | [
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
IB 2022056398 W | MODIFIED RELEASE NICORANDIL COMPOUND FORMULATIONS | Provided are compositions comprising nicorandil compound(s) in a controlled release formulation that releases at least about 30% of the nicorandil compound(s) into the intestine of human subjects. Such compositions can include a gastric acid dissolution susceptible component (GADSC) and a gastric acid dissolution resistant component (GADRC), wherein upon maintaining the composition in contact with a pH 1.2 dissolution media for a period of about 2 hours (1) the GADRC releases a statistically significantly smaller proportion of the one or more nicorandil compounds in the GADRC than the proportion of one or more nicorandil compounds release from the GADSC and (2) the composition releases no more than 50% of the one or more nicorandil compounds contained in the composition. The invention further provides methods of product such compositions and therapeutic uses of compositions, e.g., comprising once-daily administration of the composition to treat one or more diseases or conditions, including angina. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
W2375027090 | Research on Price Transmission of HS300 Stock Index between Futures Market and Spot Market | In order to study the interactive guiding relation of HS 300 Stock Index between futures prices and spot prices,this paper makes empirical analysis of 1 320 data in 660 exchange days during April 16th,2010December 28th,2012,and the research results show that there is a cointegration relation of the stock index between futures prices and spot prices,that the change of stock index futures prices has effect on the spot prices after a phase,however,the change of stock index spot prices has effect on the futures prices after two phases,and that there is a weak relation of bidirectional price guidance because the futures prices play a mainly guiding role. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
2727085 | Charge transport in nanochannels | The primary aim of the ELNANO project is to advance fundamental understanding of the physics of ionic fluid flow under confinement, with a focus on charge transport phenomena in nanochannels and nanopores. The second objective is to apply the insights gained to the rational design of nanochannels that perform specific functions. In particular, we will design nanochannels that efficiently harvest the energy contained in salinity gradients between river and sea water. Harvesting this so-called osmotic power or “blue energy” has recently seen a surge of interest that led to the construction of several pilot plants around the world. However, at present its applicability and further development is hampered by poor understanding of nanoscale transport. Our research will combine analytical and numerical methods to address pertinent questions of transport on the nanoscale beyond the current state of the art. Merging the recently refined boundary-integral description of electrostatics with explicit hydrodynamic simulations will enable, for the first time, an accurate and computationally efficient description of ionic flow on the nanoscale. In the process, the researcher will broaden his expertise by acquiring top-level training in electrodynamics and hydrodynamics of charge transport, which will complement his skill set and prepare him for an independent research career. Moreover, the project will strongly contribute to the European excellence in nanoscale physics and also directly promote sustainable development by aiming to increase the efficiency of osmotic power and desalination applications. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
W1487720676 | Money, Inflation and Growth Relationship: The Turkish Case | There is a significant relation between inflation, which is known as an increase in the general level of prices in the broadest sense of the word, money and growth. While the course of the relationship between money supply and inflation is evident in general terms, an overall tendency related to the relationship between inflation and growth hasn't been clarified. This paper examines money, inflation and growth relationship in Turkey by using cointegration test. For this purpose, 1999.2 – 2012.2 period is taken and quarterly data of money supply (M2), GDP, velocity of money and deflator are used. According to the results from this paper, money supply and velocity of money is a main determinant of inflation in the long run in Turkey. On the other hand, 1% decreases in income directly reduces inflation by 1%. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
W2327910426 | A Preliminary Review of the Civil Service Sector in Sultanate of Oman | The paper is attempting to envision the functionality of the public entities within the Omani public sector. With a case study attempt as the general research design, a narrative approach was used, formed in a literature review, to explore and describe the Omani public sector and its underlying entities. It was found though that there are six entities within which the government exercises its autonomy upon the public policies and practices. These entities are: council of ministers, special councils and committees, ministries, regional public administration, public establishments, public institutes. It was also concluded that the Omani civil service system consists of three interrelating entities that are: civil service law, civil service council, and ministry of civil service. Hence, the paper avails further research initiatives upon the Omani civil service sector as it serves as a sound research platform. | [
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
EP 2014073380 W | ENERGY STORAGE FACILITY FOR SUPPLYING AN ELECTRICAL NETWORK | The energy storage facility (10) comprises a mechanical energy supply device (12), a reservoir (32) for storage of a pressurized fluid, a pump (16) that can be actuated by the mechanical energy supply device (12), an energy generator (36) capable of converting the energy of the pressurized fluid into electrical energy, said energy generator (36) being capable of being connected to an electrical network to supply said electrical network with electrical energy, and a fluid circulation circuit (28) both connecting the pump (16) to the storage reservoir (32), in such a way as to inject the fluid into said reservoir when said pump is activated, and connecting the storage reservoir (32) to the energy generator (36). The circulation circuit (28) comprises at least one valve arranged between the storage reservoir (32) and the energy generator (36), said valve being moveable between an open position allowing supply of the electrical energy generator (36) with pressurized fluid and a closed position, prohibiting the supply of the electrical energy generator (36) with pressurized fluid. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
W650301987 | On The Map: Why the world looks the way it does | Maps fascinate us. They chart our understanding of the world and they log our progress, but above all they tell our stories. From the early sketches of philosophers and explorers through to Google Maps and beyond, Simon Garfield examines how maps both relate and realign our history, with pocket maps of dragons, Mars, murders and more, with plenty of illustrations and prints to signpost the route. His compelling narratives range from the quest to create the perfect globe to the challenges of mapping Africa and Antarctica, from spellbinding treasure maps to the naming of America, from Ordnance Survey to the mapping of Monopoly and Skyrim, and from rare map dealers to cartographic frauds. En route, there are 'pocket map' tales on dragons and undergrounds, a nineteenth century murder map, the research conducted on the different ways that men and women approach a map, and an explanation of the curious long-term cartographic role played by animals. On The Map is a witty and irrepressible examination of where we've been, how we got there and where we're going. Delightful. If maps be the fuel of wanderlust, read on. From the foreword by Dava Sobel, author of Longitude. | [
"Texts and Concepts",
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts"
]
|
10.1109/ICASSP.2016.7472351 | A Framework For Globally Optimal Energy Efficient Resource Allocation In Wireless Networks | State-of-the-art algorithms for energy-efficient power allocation in wireless networks are based on fractional programming theory, and allow to find the global maximum of the energy efficiency only in noise-limited scenarios. In interference-limited scenarios, several sub-optimal solutions have been proposed, but an efficient framework to globally maximize energy-efficient metrics is lacking. The goal of this work is to fill this gap by making use of fractional programming theory jointly with monotonic optimization. The resulting optimization framework is useful for at least two main reasons. First, it sheds light on the ultimate energy-efficiency performance of wireless networks. Second, it provides the means to benchmark the energy efficiency of state-of-the-art, but sub-optimal, solutions. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1177/1367549419847108 | Exploiting The Distance Between Conflicting Norms Female Rural To Urban Migrant Workers In Shanghai Negotiating Stigma Around Singlehood And Marriage | On the basis of fieldwork conducted in Shanghai, this article explores how Chinese rural-to-urban migrant women cope with the stigmatization they face as a result of conflicting gender norms regarding singlehood and marriage in their home communities and in Shanghai. We focus on how migrant women legitimate their relationship status as single, married or having a boyfriend in relation to these norms. Our findings reveal that migrant women, while not rejecting existing norms outright, actively pre-empt or counteract the stigmatization of their singlehood or of the fact that they live apart from their husband using coping strategies that exploit their position in between the urban context and their rural hometowns in intricate ways. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts"
]
|
10.1016/j.ceb.2013.06.009 | Mechanical forces and feedbacks in cell motility | Cell movement is driven by a self-organized assembly of numerous actin polymers and accessory proteins surrounded by a flexible membrane. While the identity of the molecular components involved is largely known, we are still far from understanding how this enormous ensemble of molecules self-organizes into a dynamic motile cell. A great deal of work in the field has focused on the role of biochemical signaling in establishing and maintaining cellular organization. More recently, mechanical forces and feedbacks have emerged as equally important contributors to the large-scale organization of motile cells. Here we review recent progress in the field, focusing on processes related to the actin cytoskeleton and its interplay with the cell membrane. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1101/gr.186882.114 | Exome sequencing reveals pathogenic mutations in 91 strains of mice with Mendelian disorders | Spontaneously arising mouse mutations have served as the foundation for understanding gene function for more than 100 years. We have used exome sequencing in an effort to identify the causative mutations for 172 distinct, spontaneously arising mouse models of Mendelian disorders, including a broad range of clinically relevant phenotypes. To analyze the resulting data, we developed an analytics pipeline that is optimized for mouse exome data and a variation database that allows for reproducible, user-defined data mining as well as nomination of mutation candidates through knowledge-based integration of sample and variant data. Using these new tools, putative pathogenic mutations were identified for 91 (53%) of the strains in our study. Despite the increased power offered by potentially unlimited pedigrees and controlled breeding, about half of our exome cases remained unsolved. Using a combination of manual analyses of exome alignments and whole-genome sequencing, we provide evidence that a large fraction of unsolved exome cases have underlying structural mutations. This result directly informs efforts to investigate the similar proportion of apparently Mendelian human phenotypes that are recalcitrant to exome sequencing. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
US 60734806 A | Methods and kits using a molecular interaction between a Smurf-1 WW domain and LIM mineralization protein isoforms | The instant application provides kits and methods for identifying agents which induce or inhibit the osteogenic effect of LMP or BMP proteins. The kits are directed to methods which measure either an amount of a complex between a Smurf protein or a fragment thereof and an LMP protein or a fragment thereof. Alternatively, the kits are directed to methods of measuring an amount of the ubiquitinated Smad protein or a fragment thereof. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1557/jmr.2017.237 | Effect of Co additions on the phase formation, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of rapidly solidified Ti–Cu-based alloys | Abstract | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
W4306320146 | IMPACTO DA DOENÇA FALCIFORME NA QUALIDADE DE VIDA DE PACIENTES BRASILEIROS E SEUS CUIDADORES: ACHADOS DA PESQUISA DE PERCEPÇÃO, PERSPECTIVAS E EXPERIÊNCIAS EM SAÚDE FALCIFORME | No Brasil, a doença falciforme (DF) é uma das doenças hereditárias mais comuns e está associada a uma alta taxa de mortalidade, o que ressalta a necessidade de identificar e abordar as necessidades não atendidas dos indivíduos afetados. A pesquisa SHAPE tem como objetivo ajudar a compreender o ônus da DF em pacientes e cuidadores. Esta análise examina os achados de pesquisa oriundos do Brasil no contexto de percepções globais. O SHAPE compreendeu pesquisas on-line quantitativas de pacientes e cuidadores de dez e nove países, respectivamente. Foram incluídos pacientes com DF com idade ≥ 12 anos e cuidadores de pacientes com DF com idade ≥ 18 anos. Os participantes responderam a uma ampla variedade de perguntas fechadas sobre suas circunstâncias e experiências, tendo sido construído um base de dados robusta e confiável sobre o qual análise estatística descritiva foi realizada. Um total de 919 pacientes e 207 cuidadores responderam à pesquisa globalmente; destes, 151 pacientes e 50 cuidadores eram do Brasil. Fadiga/cansaço (74%), olhos/unhas/pele amarelados (58%) e dores ósseas (55%) foram os sintomas mais frequentemente apresentados por pacientes brasileiros, enquanto fadiga/cansaço (84%), crises vaso-oclusivas (CVOs; 71%) e dores ósseas (69%) foram os sintomas mais frequentemente apresentados por todos os pacientes. Os sintomas que mais afetaram a vida dos pacientes brasileiros foram olhos/unhas/pele amarelados (35%) e CVOs (33%); entre todos os pacientes, foi relatado um impacto maior devido a CVOs (58%) e um impacto menor devido a olhos/unhas/pele amarelados (12%). Os sintomas que os pacientes brasileiros sentiram que tiveram mais impacto na capacidade de comparecer e ter sucesso na escola ou no trabalho foram fadiga/cansaço (18%), CVOs (14%) e dores ósseas (11%), em comparação com CVOs (26%), fadiga/cansaço (16%) e dores ósseas (10%) entre todos os pacientes. Os pacientes brasileiros perderam uma média mensal de 8,3 dias de escola ou trabalho versus 7,5 dias entre todos os pacientes e se preocuparam mais e ter sucesso na escola ou no trabalho (75% versus 59% no total). Em comparação com todos os cuidadores participantes no estudo, uma porcentagem maior de cuidadores brasileiros sentiu que cuidar de alguém com DF afetou sua saúde mental (68% vs. 52% de todos), perspectivas de saúde em longo prazo (64% vs. 55% de todos) e capacidade de comparecer e ter sucesso na escola ou no trabalho (62% vs. 56% de todos). Em comparação com todos os cuidadores, menos cuidadores brasileiros sentiram que sua qualidade de vida era muito ou muito boa em comparação com seus amigos que não cuidam de alguém com DF (14% no Brasil vs. 31% no total). A pesquisa SHAPE melhora nossa compreensão a respeito do ônus físico, mental e social da DF em pacientes e seus cuidadores no Brasil. É importante ressaltar que mais pacientes brasileiros relataram olhos/unhas/pele amarelados (ou seja, sinais de icterícia) como o sintoma que mais afeta suas vidas, e uma maior porcentagem de pacientes brasileiros está preocupada com sua capacidade de ter sucesso na escola ou no trabalho em comparação com todos os entrevistados. Da mesma forma, uma porcentagem maior de cuidadores brasileiros reconhece um impacto negativo em sua própria saúde, trabalho ou educação em comparação com todos os cuidadores entrevistados. As limitações da pesquisa incluem que ela não foi validada nem otimizada para uso em vários países. As experiências relatadas pelos pacientes e cuidadores nesta pesquisa destacam os desafios específicos ao Brasil e demonstram a necessidade de maior foco no melhor controle da doença e no apoio ao paciente e ao cuidador nesse cenário. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
895483 | Developer companion for documented and annotated code reference | Software is everywhere and the productivity of Software Engineers has increased radically with the advent of new specification, design and programming paradigms and languages. The main objective of the project DECODER is to introduce radical solutions to increase productivity and by means of new languages that improve the situation by abstractions of the formalisms used today for requirements analysis and specification. We will develop a methodology and tools to improve the productivity of the software development process for medium-criticality applications in the domains of IoT, Cloud Computing, and Operating Systems by combining Natural Language Processing techniques, Modelling techniques and Formal Methods. The combination is a novel approach that permits a smooth transition from informal requirements engineering to deployment and maintenance phases. A radical improvement is expected from the management and transformation of informal data into material (herein called ‘knowledge’) that can be assimilated by any party involved in a development process. Thus, the DECODER project will 1) introduce new languages to represent knowledge in a more abstract manner, 2) develop transformations leading from informal material into specifications and code and vice-versa, 3) define and prototype a Persistent Knowledge Monitor for managing all relevant knowledge, and 4) develop a prototype IDE. The project will automate the transformation steps using existing techniques from the Big Data (knowledge extraction), Model-Driven Engineering (knowledge representation and refinement), and Formal Methods (specifications and proofs). The project will produce a novel Framework combining these techniques and demonstrate its efficiency on several uses cases belonging to the beforehand mentioned domains. The project expects an average benefit of 20% in terms of efforts on these use-cases and will provide recommendations on how to generalise the approach to other medium-criticality domains. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1063/1.4742281 | Results From The First Preclinical Ct Scanner With Grating Based Phase Contrast And A Rotating Gantry | After successful demonstrations of soft-tissue phase-contrast imaging with grating interferometers at synchrotron radiation sources and at laboratory based x-ray tubes, a first preclinical CT scanner with grating based phase contrast imaging modality has been constructed. The rotating gantry is equipped with a three-grating interferometer, a 50 watt tungsten anode source and a Hamamatsu flat panel detector. The total length of the interferometer is 45 cm, and the bed of the scanner is optimized for mice, with a scanning diameter of 35 mm. From one single scan both phase-contrast and standard attenuation based tomography can be attained, providing an overall gain in image contrast. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1016/j.carbon.2016.04.016 | Potassium intercalated multiwalled carbon nanotubes | Full intralayer potassium intercalation in multiwalled carbon nanotubes MWCNTs was achieved by carefully engineering the nanotube morphology (length, width, and number of layers). The complete intercalation induced a high doping resulting in metallic nanotubes with a bright golden color. The successful intercalation of MWCNTs serves as a first step for obtaining controlled graphene nano-ribbons through exfoliation and potentially preparing superconducting nanotubes. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
714312 | Rheumatoid Arthritis Caught Early: investigating biological mechanisms preceding chronification of joint inflammation to identify patients prior to presentation of classic chronic arthritis | Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) causes long lasting disability. At the time of clinically evident arthritis and diagnosis, the disease is already persisting, requiring long-term suppressive treatment. My overarching aim is to prevent chronic arthritis and RA by inhibiting the evolving auto-immune response in a pre-arthritis phase. Currently, identification of RA-patients before the classic presentation with clinically evident chronic arthritis is beyond the state of the art. I here aim to achieve this early recognition by increasing the mechanistic understanding of pre-arthritis phases.
I intend to study RA-specific auto-immune responses at the cellular and humoral level as well as markers reflecting local and systemic inflammation. These aspects are selected based on my world-wide validated rule to predict RA-development in early arthritis and on recent work on progression from Clinically Suspect Arthralgia (CSA) to clinical arthritis.
This project is now finally feasible, thanks to unique ‘pre-RA’ cohorts and cross-boundary preparatory work done with basic scientists, clinicians and engineers. My research concept is to integrate the products of separate trajectories in a longitudinal study and translate it to the clinic.
Patients with CSA will be studied serially in time. Using validated methods and novel techniques and insights we will: delineate molecular and predictive features of RA-specific auto-antibodies and auto-antibody secreting B-cells, identify improved markers of systemic inflammation and test and validate a computer-aided image analysis system to detect subclinical joint inflammation on MRI. Serial data will be combined to reveal interactions between markers and time relationships. Lastly a prediction model identifying imminent RA will be developed. The forefront position of my group allows national and international validation.
Together, this multidisciplinary and intersectorial project will open new horizons for preventive, targeted interventions. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
US 2018/0021308 W | MODULAR ELONGATE WALL-MOUNTED SENSOR SYSTEM AND METHOD | Sensor-mounting devices are disclosed. A sensor mounting device has a tubular body having a front end, a rear end, and a through hole that extends between the front and rear ends. The tubular body front end includes a flange with a perimeter that is larger than a perimeter of the tubular body. The flange may be positioned at a front face of a mounting structure. A sensor-attachment structure is located on at least one of the tubular body and the front flange. Further locking structure extends from the tubular body to couple the tubular body to the mounting structure. The locking structure is at least one item from the group consisting of: a rear flange, a barb, and threading. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1364/OL.42.003924 | Phase Measuring Time Gated Bocda | We demonstrate a simple scheme that allows performing distributed Brillouin phase spectrum (BPS) measurements with very high spatial resolution (∼7 cm) over long (∼4. 7 km) optical fibers. This is achieved by inserting a Sagnac interferometer (SI) in a Brillouin optical correlation domain analysis (BOCDA) configuration. Over its already-presented time-domain equivalent (SI-BOTDA), this approach reduces the main source of noise (coherent backscatter noise) thanks to the low-coherence nature of the used signals. On the other hand, over the most usual schemes used for distributed BPS measurements, this implementation presents the key advantage of not requiring high-bandwidth detection or complex modulation while reaching unprecedented values of spatial resolution and number of resolved points for this type of measurement. Thanks to the linear dependence of the BPS feature around the Brillouin frequency shift, this scheme could also have the advantage of requiring shorter scanning ranges than amplitude-based configurations. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1007/978-3-030-17138-4_7 | Symbolic Verification Of Distance Bounding Protocols | With the proliferation of contactless applications, obtaining reliable information about distance is becoming an important security goal, and specific protocols have been designed for that purpose. These protocols typically measure the round trip time of messages and use this information to infer a distance. Formal methods have proved their usefulness when analysing standard security protocols such as confidentiality or authentication protocols. However, due to their abstract communication model, existing results and tools do not apply to distance bounding protocols. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.5194/acpd-14-9849-2014 | Enhancements of the refractory submicron aerosol fraction in the Arctic polar vortex: feature or exception? | Abstract. In situ measurements with a 4-channel stratospheric condensation particle counter (CPC) were conducted at up to 20 km altitude on board the aircraft M-55 Geophysica from Kiruna, Sweden, in January through March (EUPLEX 2003; RECONCILE 2010) and in December (ESSenCe, 2011). During all campaigns air masses from the upper stratosphere and mesosphere were subsiding inside the Arctic winter vortex, thus transporting refractory aerosol into the lower stratosphere (Θ<500 K) by vertical dispersion. The strength and extent of this downward transport varied between the years depending on the dynamical evolution of the vortex. Inside the vortex and at altitudes of potential temperatures Θ ≥ 450 K as many as eight of eleven particles per cm3 contained refractory material, thermally stable residuals with diameters from 10 nm to a few μm which endure heat exposure of 250 °C. Particle mixing ratios (up to 150 refractory particles per milligram of air) and fractions of non-volatile particles (up to 75% of totally detected particles) reach highest values in air masses with lowest content of nitrous oxide (N2O, down to 70 nmol mol−1). This indicates that refractory aerosol originates from the upper stratosphere or the mesosphere. From mixing ratios of the long lived tracer N2O (simultaneously measured in situ) an empirical index was derived which serves to differentiate air masses according to their origin from inside the vortex, the vortex edge region, and outside the vortex. Previously, observed high fractions of refractory submicron aerosol in the 2003 Arctic vortex were ascribed to unusually strong subsidence during that winter. Measurements under perturbed vortex conditions in 2010 and during early winter in December 2011, however, revealed similarly high values. Thus, the abundance of refractory aerosol at high levels appears to be a feature rather than the exception for the Arctic vortices. During December, the import from aloft into the lower stratosphere appears to be developing; thereafter the abundance of refractory aerosol inside the vortex reaches its highest levels until March. A measurement-based estimate of the total mass of refractory aerosol inside the vortex is provided for each campaign. Based on the derived increase of particle mass in the lower stratospheric vortex (100–67 hPa pressure altitude) on the order of 32 × 106 kg between early and late winter and assuming a mesospheric origin, we estimate the total mass of mesospheric particles deposited in the Arctic vortex and compare it to the expected atmospheric influx of meteoritic material (110 ± 55 × 103 kg per day). Such estimates at present still hold considerable uncertainties which are discussed in detail. Nevertheless, the results strongly suggest that the Arctic vortex easily achieves the drainage of all meteoric material deposited on the upper atmosphere. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
interreg_2492 | Networking for Smart Tourism Development | NEST is a cross-border project aimed to sustain the competitiveness of the Ionic-Adriatic destination by empowering Tourism Enterprises (small and medium ones) with innovative approaches, tools and strategies that leverage on the potentialities of digital technologies, networking and collaboration.
The project aims to sustain the process of socio-economic development in the IPA area, in coherence with priorities of the Europe 2020 strategy, by contributing to Programme Objective SO
2.1: Boost attractiveness of natural and cultural assets to improve a smart and sustainable economic development.
NEST will operate as an experiential laboratory and engine for nurturing competitiveness of SMTEs and destinations on global markets, by allowing to overcome barriers related to the adoption of digital technologies and innovation.
The achievement of such objectives will derive from the realization of the following outputs: Tourism competitiveness assessment; Booklet on tools and technologies for smart tourism destination; Action Plan for creation of smart tourism destination; Virtual joint experiential laboratory for smart tourism; Smart tourism entrepreneurial development roadmap; Update and upscale of skills for tourism entrepreneurs; Smart destination pilot sites.
NEST will favour the creation of a strategic model of “Interreg smart destination” by adopting collaborative and user-driven innovation models inspired by the principles of Living Lab approach. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
10.1136/rmdopen-2020-001278 | Association between number and type of different ACPA fine specificities with lung abnormalities in early, untreated rheumatoid arthritis | BackgroundRheumatoid arthritis (RA)-associated anticitrullinated protein/peptide antibodies (ACPA) might originate at mucosal sites such as the lungs. We aimed to examine the relationship between the ACPA repertoire and lung abnormalities on high-resolution CT (HRCT) in patients with earlyuntreated RA. Methods106 patients with newly diagnosed untreated RA were examined with HRCT of the lungs. Blood samples were analysed for presence of rheumatoid factor (RF) and ACPA using either a CCP2 detection kit or an immunochip containing 10 different citrullinated peptides. Association between HRCT findings and the antibody repertoire was assessed by logistic regression analysis. ResultsThe number (%) of patients with HRCT abnormalities was 58 (54. 7%) for parenchymal abnormalities and 68 (64. 2%) for airway abnormalities. CCP2 IgG, RF IgA and antibodies against citrullinated fibrinogen were associated with the presence of parenchymal lung abnormalities. Interestingly, a high number of ACPA fine specificities gave a high risk of having parenchymal lung abnormalities at the time of RA diagnosis. No significant signals were identified between ACPA specificities and risk for airway abnormalities. ConclusionsThe presence of RF and ACPAs (especially against citrullinated fibrinogen peptides) as well as high number of ACPAs fine specificities are associated with parenchymal lung abnormalities in patients with early, untreated RA. This provides further support for an important pathogenic link between the lung and systemic autoimmunity, contributing to RA development. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1109/PEDG.2017.7972481 | Dynamic Resonance Sensitivity Analysis In Wind Farms | Unlike conventional power systems, where resonance frequencies are mainly determined by passive impedances, wind farms present a more complex situation, where the control systems of the power electronic converters introduce also active impedances. This paper presents an approach to find the resonance frequencies of wind farms by considering both active and passive impedances and to identify which bus of the wind farm has more contribution to resonance frequencies. In the approach, a wind farm is introduced as a Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) dynamic system and the bus Participation Factors (PFs) are calculated by critical eigenvalue sensitivity analysis versus the entries of the MIMO matrix. The PF analysis locates the most exciting bus of the resonances, where can be the best location to install the passive or active filters to reduce the harmonic resonance problems. Time-domain simulation results in PSCAD software for a 400-MW wind farm shows that the presented analytical approach is able to find the critical bus for electrical resonance problems. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
US 9909781 W | SURFACE ACOUSTIC WAVE PERIODONTAL PROBE AND METHOD OF DETECTING PERIODONTAL DISEASE | An ultrasonic probe (10) for measuring the depth of detachment between a tooth (30) and the tooth's supporting tissue includes a probe head (12) having an ultrasonic transducer (35). An incident acoustic wave pulse (50) is transmitted through a coupling medium at a critical angle of incidence for refraction at the interface between the coupling medium and the tooth surface (29, 31) to effect modal conversion to a surface acoustic wave pulse along the surface of the tooth (30). The critical angle of incidence is established by means of an angular setting of the ultrasonic transducer (35) in the probe head (12), a combination of the aforementioned angular setting with the ability to rock the probe head (12) to find the critical angle of incidence, and/or a phased array implementation. The disclosure also includes an algorithm for determining the depth of detachment based on the time lapse between transmission and detection of the reflection of the acoustic wave pulses. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.3764/aja.121.4.0511 | Talking neolithic: Linguistic and archaeological perspectives on how Indo-European was implemented in Southern Scandinavia | In this article, we approach the Neolithization of southern Scandinavia from an archaeolinguistic perspective. Farming arrived in Scandinavia with the Funnel Beaker culture by the turn of the fourth millennium B. C. E. It was superseded by the Single Grave culture, which as part of the Corded Ware horizon is a likely vector for the introduction of Indo-European speech. As a result of this introduction, the language spoken by individuals from the Funnel Beaker culture went extinct long before the beginning of the historical record, apparently vanishing without a trace. However, the Indo-European dialect that ultimately developed into Proto-Germanic can be shown to have adopted terminology from a non-Indo-European language, including names for local flora and fauna and important plant domesticates. We argue that the coexistence of the Funnel Beaker culture and the Single Grave culture in the first quarter of the third millennium B. C. E. offers an attractive scenario for the required cultural and linguistic exchange, which we hypothesize took place between incoming speakers of Indo-European and local descendants of Scandinavia's earliest farmers. | [
"The Study of the Human Past",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
683197 | Western banks in Eastern Europe: New geographies of financialisation | Financialisation, or the growing power of finance over societies and economies, is increasingly recognised as the key feature of contemporary capitalism. However, significant gaps in our understanding of this process remain. Indeed, despite growing recognition that financialisation is an inherently spatial process, a geographically-informed view of financialisation remains underdeveloped. In addition, and related to this, the extent and the ways in which post-socialist ‘transition’ societies in East-Central Europe have been financialised remain under-researched and under-theorised. Yet, the examination of former state-socialist societies (built on the very opposite economic logic to that of financialisation) provides an unmatched opportunity to learn about financialisation itself, how it ‘penetrates’ societies and with what social and spatial implications. East-Central Europe in this sense constitutes a unique terrain for frontier research. GEOFIN will address the above shortcomings by producing empirical and theoretical insights to develop a geographically-informed view of financialisation. The objective is to examine how states, banks and households in post-socialist contexts have been financialised and to consider what implications this has for the societies in question and for Europe as a whole. The project will pilot a novel approach based on the concept of ‘financial chains’ which are understood both as channels of value transfer and as social relations that shape socio-economic processes and attendant economic geographies. A set of interlocking case studies will be mobilised to reveal the different ways in which banks, states and households across post-socialist East-Central Europe are interconnected by financial chains with each other and with a wider political economy. GEOFIN will fundamentally advance our understanding of new geographies of financialisation, opening up new horizons in studies of finance and its future role in the society. | [
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1038/s41576-018-0013-2 | Controlling nuclear RNA levels | RNA turnover is an integral part of cellular RNA homeostasis and gene expression regulation. Whereas the cytoplasmic control of protein-coding mRNA is often the focus of study, we discuss here the less appreciated role of nuclear RNA decay systems in controlling RNA polymerase II (RNAPII)-derived transcripts. Historically, nuclear RNA degradation was found to be essential for the functionalization of transcripts through their proper maturation. Later, it was discovered to also be an important caretaker of nuclear hygiene by removing aberrant and unwanted transcripts. Recent years have now seen a set of new protein complexes handling a variety of new substrates, revealing functions beyond RNA processing and the decay of non-functional transcripts. This includes an active contribution of nuclear RNA metabolism to the overall cellular control of RNA levels, with mechanistic implications during cellular transitions. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
W4205399824 | Evaluación de la bondad de ajuste de dos modelos empíricos aplicados a lactaciones de ovejas East Friesian | La producción de leche de oveja es una actividad económica importante en algunos países de Europa y Asia. Sin embargo, en las últimas décadas ha habido un incipiente desarrollo de esta industria en algunos países de Latinoamérica. El objetivo del presente trabajo es evaluar la bondad de ajuste de dos modelos empíricos para describir las curvas de lactancia de las ovejas de East Friesian en una región templada de México. Se analizaron un total de 38 lactancias, las cuales comprenden un total de 254 registros de días de prueba (TDR) de ovejas East Friesian alojadas en una unidad de producción ovina lechera ubicada en Jilotepec, Estado de México, México, para investigar la bondad de ajuste de dos modelos empíricos (el modelo de Wood y el modelo de Wilmink). La bondad de ajuste de los modelos empíricos se evaluó utilizando el cuadrado medio del error de predicción (MSPE), el error de predicción de la raíz cuadrada media (RMSPE), el criterio de información de Akaike (AIC) y el criterio de información Bayesiana (BIC). De acuerdo con los criterios utilizado, el modelo de Wood muestra un mejor ajuste de las curvas de lactancia analizadas, mostrando valores más bajos de MSPE (0.013 vs 0.014), RMSPE (0.101 vs 0.104), AIC (-5.67 vs -5.03) y BIC (-6.11 vs. -4,84) en comparación con el modelo de Wilmink. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Mathematics"
]
|
US 2015/0051537 W | DUAL LOCK SYSTEM | A system including a mineral extraction system (10), including a hanger (26), and a dual lock system (32) configured to couple the mineral extraction system component to a tubular (22), wherein the dual lock system comprises an outer lock ring (56) and an inner lock ring (54). | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1017/s0140525x1900116x | Asymmetric conflict: Structures, strategies, and settlement | Our target article modeled conflict within and between groups as an asymmetric game of strategy and developed a framework to explain the evolved neurobiological, psychological, and sociocultural mechanisms underlying attack and defense. Twenty-seven commentaries add insights from diverse disciplines, such as animal biology, evolutionary game theory, human neuroscience, psychology, anthropology, and political science, that collectively extend and supplement this model in three ways. Here we draw attention to the superordinate structure of attack and defense, and its subordinate means to meet the end of status quo maintenance versus change, and we discuss (1) how variations in conflict structure and power disparities between antagonists can impact strategy selection and behavior during attack and defense; (2) how the positions of attack and defense emerge endogenously and are subject to rhetoric and propaganda; and (3) how psychological and economic interventions can transform attacker-defender conflicts into coordination games that allow mutual gains and dispute resolution. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
10.1080/21620555.2018.1430509 | Gender Difference In Early Occupational Attainment The Roles Of Study Field Gender Norms And Gender Attitudes | AbstractDrawing data from the Beijing College Student Panel Survey, this article examines how study fields would influence gender disparities in early occupational attainment in China. Results from multinomial logistic regression show that women are more likely than men to become office clerks, a typically female-dominated occupation. Gender disparities in professional/technical occupations are largely attributed to women’s underrepresentation in science and engineering fields. As to managerial/marketing occupations, after controlling for study field, gender disparity in attaining these jobs grows even larger. Innovatively constructing a hypothetical scenario, we further examined probable career outcomes if women were as likely as men to enter the specific study field. Our results suggest that, despite pervasive influence of gender norms, egalitarian gender attitudes at job entry can partially moderate women’s disadvantage in entering male-dominated occupations. Holding traditional gender attitudes would . . . | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
W2773385822 | Transit-oriented Development in the metropolitan governance a comparison between the Colombian case and the South Korean experience | This research studies the process and the political decisions that were carried out in the creation of Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA) in order to respond to a territorial reorganization associated to a public transport supply that resulted in a model of transit-oriented development (TOD). Contemporaneously, the paper studies the normative framework that governs the metropolitan areas in Colombia and its metropolitan public transport, as well as, it studies the structuring of the metropolitan collective public transport system of the Aburra Valley Metropolitan Area (AVMA). The aim of the research is to understand the process of territorial and transport policy decisions that were held in the SMA, which makes it an example and case of study to contextualize a reorganization of the collective public transportation system in the Colombian case, specifically in the AVMA. The objectives of the research are identifying the regulatory principles of territorial and transport planning, strategies, and instruments used for setting the policy decisions that have a binding character on the operating entities of the collective public transport system. In order to put the characteristics of the AVMA collective public transport bus system in evidence, a comparison between SMA and AVMA was developed. The implications emerged from this comparison are used to generate guidelines through three themes: a) governance; b) financial system and c) operational aspects. The guidelines hope point the reorganization of the public transportation bus system and a future transition to a model of Transport - and People - Oriented Development in the Colombian metropolitan level context. | [
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
W2030450329 | Rethinking reflective education: What would Dewey have done? | Reflective practice has largely failed to live up to its promise of offering a radical critique of technical rationality and of ushering in a new philosophy of nursing practice and education. I argue in this paper that the failure lies not with the idea of reflective practice itself, but with the way in which it has been misunderstood, misinterpreted and misapplied by managers, theorists, educators and practitioners over the past two decades. I suggest that if reflective practice is to offer a credible alternative to the current technical-rational evidence-based approach to nursing, then it needs to rediscover its radical origins in the work of John Dewey and Donald Schön. In particular, nurses need to look beyond their current fixation with reflection-on-action and engage fully with Schön's notion of the reflective practitioner who reflects in action through on-the-spot experimentation and hypothesis testing. Finally, the implications of this radical approach to reflective practice are developed in relation to the practice of nursing, education and scholarship, where they are applied to the challenge of resolving what Rittel and Webber refer to as 'wicked problems'. | [
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
10.1080/19336934.2016.1244591 | Successive Requirement Of Glass And Hazy For Photoreceptor Specification And Maintenance In Drosophila | Development of the insect compound eye requires a highly controlled interplay between transcription factors. However, the genetic mechanisms that link early eye field specification to photoreceptor. . . | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
815703 | Statistical Methods For High Dimensional Diffusions | In the past twenty years the availability of vast dimensional data, typically referred to as big data, has given rise to exciting challenges in various fields of mathematics and computer sciences. The increasing need for getting a better understanding of such data in internet traffic, biology, genetics, and economics, has lead to a revolution in statistical and machine learning, optimisation and numerical analysis. Due to high dimensionality of modern statistical models, parameter estimation is a difficult task and statisticians typically investigate estimation methods under sparsity constraints. While an abundance of estimation algorithms is now available for high dimensional discrete models, a rigorous mathematical investigation of estimation problems for high dimensional continuous-time processes is completely undeveloped.
The aim of STAMFORD is to provide a concise statistical theory for estimation of high dimensional diffusions. Such high dimensional processes naturally appear in modelling particle interactions in physics, neural networks in biology or large portfolios in economics, just to name a few. The methodological part of the project will require development of novel
advanced techniques in mathematical statistics and probability theory. In particular, new results will be needed in parametric and non-parametric statistics, and high dimensional probability, that are reaching far beyond the state-of-the-art. Hence, a successful outcome of STAMFORD will not only have a tremendous impact on statistical inference for continuous-time models in natural and applied sciences, but also strongly influence the field of high dimensional statistics and probability. | [
"Mathematics",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1117/12.2287874 | Nonlinear Dynamics In Multimode Optical Fibers | We overview recent advances in the research on spatiotemporal beam shaping in nonlinear multimode optical fibers. An intense light beam coupled to a graded index (GRIN) highly multimode fiber undergoes a series of complex nonlinear processes when its power grows larger. Among them, the lowest threshold effect is the Kerr-induced beam self-cleaning, that redistributes most of the beam energy into a robust bell-shaped beam close to the fundamental mode. At higher powers a series of spectral sidebands is generated, thanks to the phase matching induced by the long period grating due to the periodic self-imaging of the beam and the Kerr effect. Subsequently a broadband and spectrally flat supercontinuum is generated, extending from the visible to the mid-infrared. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.22323/1.301.0533 | Data Driven Model Of The Cosmic Ray Flux And Mass Composition From 10 Gev To 10 11 Gev | We present a new parametrization of the cosmic-ray flux and its mass composition over an energy range from 10 GeV to $10^{11}$ GeV. Our approach is data-driven and relies on theoretical assumptions as little as possible. We combine measurements of the flux of individual elements from high-precision satellites and balloon experiments with indirect measurements of mass groups from the leading air shower experiments. To our knowledge, we provide the first fit of this kind that consistently takes both statistical and systematic uncertainties into account. The uncertainty on the energy scales of individual experiments is handled explicitly in our mathematical approach. Part of our results is a common energy scale and adjustment factors for the energy scales of the participating experiments. Our fit has a reduced $\chi^2$-value of 0. 5, showing that experimental data are in good agreement, if systematic uncertainties are considered. Our model may serve as a world-average of the measured fluxes for individual elements from proton to iron from 10 GeV to $10^{11}$ GeV. It is useful as an input for simulations or theoretical computations based on cosmic rays. The experimental uncertainties of the input data are captured in a covariance matrix, which can be propagated into derived quantities. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
948088 | Understanding Cerebral Malaria using 3D Blood-Brain Barrier models | Malaria is a major public health problem and it still causes more than 400,000 deaths per year. Cerebral malaria (CM) is one of the most serious complications, with 20% mortality rates even after administration of fast-acting antimalarials. CM pathology is characterized by sequestration of P. falciparum-infected red blood cells (iRBC) in the brain microvasculature, blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, and brain swelling.
Our current knowledge of CM is primarly based on autopsy studies, because of the absence of suitable animal models. However, there are numerous pathogenic aspects that cannot be studied from post-mortem samples, such as disease progression. In Mal3D-BBB, we bypass these limitations by recreating the human CM pathology with cutting-edge in vitro bioengineering approaches. Rather than using 2D endothelial monolayers, we will develop BBB models with 3D tubular geometry that incorporate multiple cell types: brain microvascular endothelial cells, astrocytes and pericytes. We will mimic vessel dimensions and flow dynamics of the brain vasculature with the goal to recreate physiological BBB permeability rates. Using such technology brings a unique angle to malaria research to evaluate in a controlled and systematic way 1) the molecular mechanisms of BBB disruption after P. falciparum sequestration, and 2) whether parasite and host factors synergize to increase pathology. The findings obtained by this cutting-edge technology will be further validated in samples from CM patients, whose neurovascular pathology has been thoroughly characterized using MRI.
Our interdisciplinary approach aims to provide a holistic understanding of CM malaria pathogenesis. In return, this knowledge will identify new pathways that could be counteracted to develop therapies to reduce patient mortality. In a broader context, we will build an innovative platform that captures the complex physiology of the BBB, and can be translated to the study of other neurovascular diseases. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
W2059457938 | Hepatitis C treatment: an incipient therapeutic revolution | An exciting paradigm shift is occurring in the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV). We now have the capacity to specifically target therapy to HCV proteins, and thereby directly interrupt the viral life cycle. The first direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), the NS3-4A serine protease inhibitors boceprevir and telaprevir, improved the rate of sustained virologic response (SVR), but their toxicities combined with PEG-IFN and RBV limited their overall efficacy. Sofosbuvir, a nucleotide HCV polymerase inhibitor, is now available and offers better tolerability and efficacy across all HCV genotypes. The next phase of therapy will be combining several classes of DAAs without IFN in order to make sustained clearance of hepatitis C deliverable to a much larger number of infected individuals. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1039/c4cc05289g | The use of the sterically demanding IPr* and related ligands in catalysis | This account highlights the synthesis and applications of one of the very bulky NHC ligands, IPr* (1,3-bis(2,6-bis(diphenylmethyl)-4-methylphenyl)imidazo-2-ylidene). | [
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1007/s00780-016-0304-4 | Polynomial diffusions and applications in finance | This paper provides the mathematical foundation for polynomial diffusions. They play an important role in a growing range of applications in finance, including financial market models for interest rates, credit risk, stochastic volatility, commodities and electricity. Uniqueness of polynomial diffusions is established via moment determinacy in combination with pathwise uniqueness. Existence boils down to a stochastic invariance problem that we solve for semialgebraic state spaces. Examples include the unit ball, the product of the unit cube and nonnegative orthant, and the unit simplex. | [
"Mathematics",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1080/07391102.2015.1032761 | 128 The Physiological Behaviour Of Dna Rna Structural Motifs In Gas Phase | In the last decade, molecular modelling methodologies anchored to mass spectrometry (MS) techniques gained their momentum in the field of structural biology. Native MS, where non-covalent interacti. . . | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
885137 | Making Ancestors: The Politics of Death in Prehistoric Europe | How did politics and inequality work in prehistoric Europe? Traditionally, politics has been seen in terms of discrete political ranks identified through differential treatment of individual burials. But this results in classifying much of prehistory, where the dead were treated in ways which effaced individual identity, as egalitarian. The result is an artificially dichotomous history: Neolithic people had landscapes, rituals and ancestors, Bronze and Iron Age people had politics and inequality. In the last two decades this approach has been strongly critiqued. Burial treatment rarely relates to status so directly; the dead serve many different political roles. Inequality in pre-state groups rarely consists of clear strata; inequality and equality exist in tension within groups. Inequality may have been present throughout European prehistory, but manifest situationally through differential life chances, kinship, ritual or ancestorhood, rather than overtly through political command, wealth or identity. But this new perspective has never been tested empirically.
This project tests alternative models of prehistoric inequality and deathways. To investigate social relations in life, it uses osteobiography, reconstructing life stories from skeletons through scientific data on identity, health, diet, mobility and kinship. To understand deathways, it employs a second new methodology, funerary taphonomy. Combining osteobiography and taphonomy allows us to connect ancient lives and deaths. Peninsular Italy provides a substantial test sequence typical of much of Europe. For each of three key periods (Neolithic, 6000-4000 BC; Final Neolithic to Early Bronze Age, 4000-1800 BC; Middle Bronze Age to Iron Age, 1800-600 BC), 200+ individuals will be analysed. The results will allow us to evaluate for the first time how inequality affected lives in prehistoric Europe and what role ancestors played in it. | [
"The Study of the Human Past"
]
|
Q2710905 | Antivirus voucher | The objective of the Anti-Virus Ban project is to support companies that, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, face specific negative business conditions, including: legal prohibition or restriction, additional sanitary regime, staff absenteeism, logistical and transport capacity restrictions, difficulties in supplying and increasing the prices of raw materials, materials, foreign services, congestion, withholding of investments, reduced demand for certain goods and services, etc. Within the framework of the project, a grant fund will be created, which will be entrusted to entrepreneurs operating in the Bialystok Functional Area (municipalities: Białystok, Choroszcz, Czarna Białostocka, Dobrzyniewo Duże, Juchnowiec Kościelny, Łapy, Supraśl, Turośń Kościelna, Wasilków and Zabłudów), to adapt to the functioning of the epidemic, sanitary regime and specific market conditions, related to it. Grants may be used to reorganise, retrofit and change operational processes in an enterprise to protect employees and customers, diversify or change business profile, introduce a new product or service in response to demand changes. Expenditure on the purchase of equipment (e.g. personal and collective protective equipment), fixed assets (e.g. machinery and equipment) and intangible assets (e.g. software) will be co-financed. Entrepreneurs will be able to receive a grant of up to PLN 100,000, as a refund of 90 % of the expenses incurred. The total expenditure in the project is PLN 6.6 million, of which the co-financing from the ROP PP will amount to PLN 6 million. The project will be implemented from 1 June 2020 to 31.01.2022. It was assumed that the result of the project will be not only the protection of the established economic fabric of BOF, but also a peculiar economic counterattack, which will allow companies to adapt faster and more effectively to the crisis situation and the new opening after the epidemics. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
10.1145/2934309 | Limitations Of Deterministic Auction Design For Correlated Bidders | The seminal work of Myerson (Mathematics of OR ’81) characterizes incentive-compatible single-item auctions among bidders with independent valuations. In this setting, relatively simple deterministic auction mechanisms achieve revenue optimality. When bidders have correlated valuations, designing the revenue-optimal deterministic auction is a computationally demanding problem; indeed, Papadimitriou and Pierrakos (STOC ’11) proved that it is APX-hard, obtaining an explicit inapproximability factor of 1999/2000 = 99. 95p. In the current article, we strengthen this inapproximability factor to 63/64 a 98. 5p. Our proof is based on a gap-preserving reduction from the Max-NM 3SAT problem; a variant of the maximum satisfiability problem where each clause has exactly three literals and no clause contains both negated and unnegated literals. We furthermore show that the gap between the revenue of deterministic and randomized auctions can be as low as 13/14 a 92. 9p, improving an explicit gap of 947/948 a 99. 9p by Dobzinski, Fu, and Kleinberg (STOC ’11). | [
"Mathematics",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1016/j.immuni.2015.06.019 | Interleukin-12 and -23 Control Plasticity Of Cd127<sup>+</sup> Group 1 And Group 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells In The Intestinal Lamina Propria | Human group 1 ILCs consist of at least three phenotypically distinct subsets, including NK cells, CD127+ ILC1, and intraepithelial CD103+ ILC1. In inflamed intestinal tissues from Crohn's disease patients, numbers of CD127+ ILC1 increased at the cost of ILC3. Here we found that differentiation of ILC3 to CD127+ ILC1 is reversible invitro and invivo. CD127+ ILC1 differentiated to ILC3 in the presence of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-23, and IL-1β dependent on the transcription factor RORγt, and this process was enhanced in the presence of retinoic acid. Furthermore, we observed in resection specimen from Crohn's disease patients a higher proportion of CD14+ dendritic cells (DC), which invitro promoted polarization from ILC3 to CD127+ ILC1. In contrast, CD14- DCs promoted differentiation from CD127+ ILC1 toward ILC3. These observations suggest that environmental cues determine the composition, function, and phenotype of CD127+ ILC1 and ILC3 in the gut. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
225546 | Modelling of oxide interfacial reconstruction | One of the most challenging problems in material science is establishing a relation between material’s properties and interfacial structure. The presence of interfaces may strongly affect the properties of most polycrystalline materials. Interfaces play a determining role in properties of functional oxide heterostructures – artificial materials that attracted an increased attention over the past decade due to the wide range of properties they exhibit. The ability to predict equilibrium atomistic structure of interfaces in multicomponent systems using theoretical methods would provide a better understanding of the relation of interfaces to the physical properties of materials.
The OXIREC project aims to develop a robust and efficient methodology for theoretical prediction of structural reconstruction at complex oxide interfaces. The project addresses an insight into the principles of interfacial reconstruction in several technologically important heterostructures.
The outcome of the project will provide a great fundamental impact opening pathways for prediction various systems with desired properties, as well as a practical impact for oxide industry and manufacturing technologies. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1051/0004-6361/201323311 | Fossil Group Origins Iii The Relation Between Optical And X Ray Luminosities | Aims. This study is part of the Fossil group origins (FOGO) project which aims to carry out a systematic and multiwavelength study of a large sample of fossil systems. Here we focus on the relation between the optical luminosity (Lopt) and X-ray luminosity (LX). Methods. Out of a total sample of 28 candidate fossil systems, we consider a sample of 12 systems whose fossil classification has been confirmed by a companion study. They are compared with the complementary sample of 16 systems whose fossil nature has not been confirmed and with a subsample of 102 galaxy systems from the RASS-SDSS galaxy cluster survey. Fossil and normal systems span the same redshift range 0 < z < 0. 5 and have the same LX distribution. For each fossil system, the LX in the 0. 1−2. 4 keV band is computed using data from the ROSAT All Sky Survey to be comparable to the estimates of the comparison sample. For each fossil and normal system we homogeneously compute Lopt in the r-band within the characteristic cluster radius, using data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7. Results. We sample the LX-Lopt relation over two orders of magnitude in LX. Our analysis shows that fossil systems are not statistically distinguishable from the normal systems through the 2D Kolmogorov-Smirnov test nor the fit of the LX-Lopt relation. Thus, the optical luminosity of the galaxy system does strongly correlate with the X-ray luminosity of the hot gas component, independently of whether the system is fossil or not. We discuss our results in comparison with previous literature. Conclusions. We conclude that our results are consistent with the classical merging scenario of the brightest galaxy formed via merger/cannibalism of other group galaxies with conservation of the optical light. We find no evidence for a peculiar state of the hot intracluster medium. | [
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
10.1080/03605302.2016.1222544 | Blow Up Behaviour Of A Fractional Adams Moser Trudinger Type Inequality In Odd Dimension | ABSTRACTGiven a smoothly bounded domain Ω ⊂ ℝn with n ≥ 1 odd, we study the blowup of bounded sequences of solutions to the nonlocal equation where λk → λ∞ ∈ [0, ∞), and denotes the Lions–Magenes spaces of functions u ∈ L2(ℝn) which are supported in Ω and with . Extending previous works of Druet, Robert-Struwe, and Martinazzi, we show that if the sequence (uk) is not bounded in L∞(Ω), a suitably rescaled subsequence ηk converges to the function , which solves the prescribed nonlocal Q-curvature equation recently studied by Da Lio–Martinazzi–Riviere when n = 1, Jin–Maalaoui–Martinazzi–Xiong when n = 3, and Hyder when n ≥ 5 is odd. We infer that blowup can occur only if . | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1007/JHEP07(2012)056 | Precision Su 3 Lattice Thermodynamics For A Large Temperature Range | We present the equation of state (pressure, trace anomaly, energy density and entropy density) of the SU(3) gauge theory from lattice field theory in an unprecedented precision and temperature range. We control both finite size and cut-off effects. The studied temperature window (0. 7…1000T
c
) stretches from the glueball dominated system into the perturbative regime, which allows us to discuss the range of validity of these approaches. We also determine the preferred renormalization scale of the Hard Thermal Loop scheme and we fit the unknown g
6 order perturbative coefficient at extreme high temperatures T > 100T
c
. We furthermore quantify the nonperturbative contribution to the trace anomaly using a simple functional form. Our high precision data allows one to have a complete theoretical description of the equation of state from T = 0 all the way to the phase transition, through the transition region into the perturbative regime up to the Stefan-Boltzmann limit. We will discuss this description, too. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1093/femsre/fuaa013 | Bacterial riboproteogenomics: the era of N-terminal proteoform existence revealed | ABSTRACT With the rapid increase in the number of sequenced prokaryotic genomes, relying on automated gene annotation became a necessity. Multiple lines of evidence, however, suggest that current bacterial genome annotations may contain inconsistencies and are incomplete, even for so-called well-annotated genomes. We here discuss underexplored sources of protein diversity and new methodologies for high-throughput genome reannotation. The expression of multiple molecular forms of proteins (proteoforms) from a single gene, particularly driven by alternative translation initiation, is gaining interest as a prominent contributor to bacterial protein diversity. In consequence, riboproteogenomic pipelines were proposed to comprehensively capture proteoform expression in prokaryotes by the complementary use of (positional) proteomics and the direct readout of translated genomic regions using ribosome profiling. To complement these discoveries, tailored strategies are required for the functional characterization of newly discovered bacterial proteoforms. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
interreg_13 | Culture, Creative and Clusters for Incubators | The project will be organized in 3 main phases: 1. Planning and Sharing - In this phase, partners will meet and set the cooperation model, through master plans for the other 2 phases of the project. Partners will be organized by 3 different working groups (Business Model Networking Model and Institutional and territory Links). Inside these groups, the outputs will be analyzed and updated. This will allow the knowledge sharing among partners about the former Med projects outputs and to define approaches and working guidelines for the next phases 2. Model Experimentation - In this phase, partners will test models, methodologies and instruments, based on the already existing outputs and also will create new approaches, based on the working group's proposals. The activities will be focused in an internal impact (actions inside the networks) and in an external impact (actions to reach the market and territory). The actions will allow the definition of ideal incubators model to support creative SMEs and initiatives the communication and ideas sharing among incubators, creative SMEs, cultural sector and territories. Also will allow deepen specific support to specific SMEs or ideas, in order to test the existing tools and methodologies and to contribute to their progress and to promote cultural and creative industry and sector among potential markets and among target stakeholders. 3. Territory Involvement - This phase will focus on the dissemination of the results and outputs to the institutional net that acts in the context of cultural initiatives and also in the creation of Guidelines that can influence the next programming period and can influence new policies to support cultural and creative business. The objective is to define suitable approaches to use with different type of institutions involve institutions in supporting creative ideas projects approved at the Ideas & Projects Factory to set guidelines and proposals for the future. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b03305 | Quenching Capabilities of Long-Chain Carotenoids in Light-Harvesting-2 Complexes from Rhodobacter sphaeroides with an Engineered Carotenoid Synthesis Pathway | Six light-harvesting-2 complexes (LH2) from genetically modified strains of the purple photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter (Rb. ) sphaeroides were studied using static and ultrafast optical methods and resonance Raman spectroscopy. These strains were engineered to incorporate carotenoids for which the number of conjugated groups (N = NC=C + NC=O) varies from 9 to 15. The Rb. sphaeroides strains incorporate their native carotenoids spheroidene (N = 10) and spheroidenone (N = 11), as well as longer-chain analogues including spirilloxanthin (N = 13) and diketospirilloxantion (N = 15) normally found in Rhodospirillum rubrum. Measurements of the properties of the carotenoid first singlet excited state (S1) in antennas from the Rb. sphaeroides set show that carotenoid-bacteriochlorophyll a (BChl a) interactions are similar to those in LH2 complexes from various other bacterial species and thus are not significantly impacted by differences in polypeptide composition. Instead, variations in carotenoid-to-BChl a energy transfer are primarily regulated by the N-determined energy of the carotenoid S1 excited state, which for long-chain (N ≥ 13) carotenoids is not involved in energy transfer. Furthermore, the role of the long-chain carotenoids switches from a light-harvesting supporter (via energy transfer to BChl a) to a quencher of the BChl a S1 excited state B850∗. This quenching is manifested as a substantial (∼2-fold) reduction of the B850∗ lifetime and the B850∗ fluorescence quantum yield for LH2 housing the longest carotenoids. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.3847/2041-8205/823/2/L34 | A Dark Energy Camera Search For Missing Supergiants In The Lmc After The Advanced Ligo Gravitational Wave Event Gw150914 | The collapse of a stellar core is expected to produce gravitational waves (GWs), neutrinos, and in most cases a luminous supernova. Sometimes, however, the optical event could be significantly less luminous than a supernova and a direct collapse to a black hole, where the star just disappears, is possible. The GW event GW150914 was detected by the LIGO Virgo Collaboration via a burst analysis that gave localization contours enclosing the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). Shortly thereafter, we used DECam to observe 102 deg2 of the localization area, including 38 deg2 on the LMC for a missing supergiant search. We construct a complete catalog of LMC luminous red supergiants, the best candidates to undergo invisible core collapse, and collected catalogs of other candidates: less luminous red supergiants, yellow supergiants, blue supergiants, luminous blue variable stars, and Wolf–Rayet stars. Of the objects in the imaging region, all are recovered in the images. The timescale for stellar disappearance is set by the free-fall time, which is a function of the stellar radius. Our observations at 4 and 13 days after the event result in a search sensitive to objects of up to about 200 solar radii. We conclude that it is unlikely that GW150914 was caused by the core collapse of a relatively compact supergiant in the LMC, consistent with the LIGO Collaboration analyses of the gravitational waveform as best interpreted as a high mass binary black hole merger. We discuss how to generalize this search for future very nearby core-collapse candidates. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
947717 | Quantifying electron-electron forces at the atomic scale | Quantum phases of matter in novel 2D materials host fascinating correlated electron properties, such as unconventional superconductivity, novel insulating phases and exotic magnetic order. These phenomena are a hotbed of new forms of energy-efficient technologies, which require fundamental understanding and exploration of these material classes. Since the beginning, scientists have been struggling with the puzzling lack of consistent predictability of such materials, leading predominantly to serendipitous discoveries. The key ingredient driving these exotic quantum phases are electron-electron interactions, so-called correlations. These correlations between the electrons play a prominent role in their movement, and often result into atomic-scale charge and spin order, and are amplified in 2D materials compared to their 3D counterparts. Owing to the 2D nature, a new state-of-the-art methodology is needed to elucidate the electronic and magnetic properties in correlated 2D quantum materials. DeQ investigates the role of electron correlations and their interplay with structural and spin degrees of freedom at the single-atom level in insulating quantum phases of novel 2D materials. To accomplish this aim, my innovative strategy is to quantify atomic-scale charge and spin order at transitions between different quantum phases in three classes of hallmark 2D materials: twisted bilayers, correlated quasi-2D compounds, and 2D magnetic materials. My novel approach is based on creating a new state of the art in atomic imaging and spectroscopy, the JAQ setup. The development of JAQ will enable us to precisely tune relevant parameters, like electric and magnetic fields, in the highest-quality materials available. The outcome of DeQ will be groundbreaking for predicting electron correlations in novel quantum phases in 2D materials, which that are a hotbed of innovative forms of energy-efficient technologies. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
W1499963435 | Concentração geográfica das atividades de serviço no Brasil | The aim of this article was to identify and understand the degree of geographic concentration of service activities in Brazil, more specifically the activities that present higher degree of concentration, based on the three categories of services adopted (pure, of transformation, and of trade and circulation). The main contribution of this paper is to identify the geographic concentration of service activities in a broad perspective, encompassing also those located within the industry and agricultural sectors, and systematic, from the articulation of these activities. The results highlight the large urban centers such as Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro among the municipalities that have a higher concentration, mainly for knowledge-intensive activities and for financial services activities. | [
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1109/IPCon.2014.6995459 | A universal all-fiber Omnipolarizer | We report the experimental observation of self-polarization of light in optical fibers through a counter-propagating four-wave mixing between an incident signal and its backward replica. An efficient self-polarization of a 40-Gbit/s signal is demonstrated. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
10.1080/02656736.2018.1506165 | Thermal Ablation Of Pancreatic Cancer A Systematic Literature Review Of Clinical Practice And Pre Clinical Studies | Purpose: Pancreatic cancer is a challenging malignancy with low treatment option and poor life expectancy. Thermal ablation techniques were proposed as alternative treatment options, especially in . . . | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1021/jp100591m | Fast regeneration of CdSe quantum dots by ru dye in sensitized TiO <inf>2</inf> electrodes | Interacting properties of colloidal CdSe quantum dots (QDs) and polypyridyl ruthenium dyes employed as cosensitizers of mesoporous TiO2 electrodes as well as the effect of QDs coating and anchoring mode (direct and linker adsorption) have been investigated by photoluminesce (PL), Raman, and transient absorption (TAS) spectroscopies. Direct adsorption of QDs on TiO 2 leads to a more efficient PL quenching compared to that of QDs attached by means of a molecular linker (cysteine). This fact suggests higher electron injection for the former anchoring mode. Coating of ZnS on CdSe QDs sensitized TiO2 electrodes passivates the QDs surface states and partially releases quantum confinement effects, as is observed in colloidal core-shell nanoparticles. Subsequent cosensitization with a ruthenium molecular dye dramatically quenches the PL of the QDs/TiO2 electrodes, even in the presence of ZnS coating, indicating the presence of strong photoinduced charge transfer between the CdSe QDs and the dye molecules. This is firmly supported by TAS spectroscopy on the interfacial recombination kinetics that points to the fast hole transfer from the photoexcited QDs to the dye. The regenerating action of molecular dyes for QD sensitizers can have important implications in the development of efficient photovoltaic devices based on the synergistic action of dye-QD-TiO2 heterostructures. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
EP 23184169 A | METHOD OF DETERMINING STRAIN LIMITS | There is provided a method for designing a device (500), comprising: determining a strain limit of a material (502), the material comprising a coating, the strain limit being the strain value which the material can accommodate before the coating cracks; and designing at least one portion of the device (504) based upon the determined strain limit, the device comprising the material. | [
"Materials Engineering",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
Q82764 | Implementation of innovative solutions for use in dental implants | The subject of the project is the realisation of an investment consisting of the implementation of its own new technology including an innovative way of obtaining a unique augmentation for dental implantology (oral regeneration), consisting of a bone marrow aspirate obtained through the use of a proprietary procedure. The use of stem cells for bone reconstruction, according to the innovative solution, has not yet been used in implantology, and is a novelty on a national scale. The implemented solution is the result of own elaboration of the Applicant, defined on the basis of clinical experience, observations of cases registered in the framework of his own medical practice and on the basis of analyses of the latest industry publications. It is a solution ready to implement, which has been empirically verified during the implementation of implantological services in a patient who has performed bone regeneration using augmentate, obtained according to the assumptions of the new method. The result of the project, directly resulting from the implementation of the new technology, will be a significantly improved implantoprotetic service, including reconstruction of bone tissue based on the use of stem cells. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1002/anie.201205938 | Magnetic anisotropy and spin-parity effect along the series of lanthanide complexes with DOTA | Spotting trends: Upon going from TbIII to YbIII centers in the complexes of the DOTA4- ligand, a reorientation of the easy axis of magnetization from perpendicular to parallel to the Ln-O bond of the apical water molecule is experimentally observed and theoretically predicted (see picture; SMM = single-molecule magnet). Only ions with an odd number of electrons show slow relaxation of the magnetization. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
716311 | Sweet Theranostics in Bitter Infections - Seek and Destroy | Bacterial infections are now a global threat demanding novel treatments due to the appearance of resistances against antibiotics at a high pace. The ESKAPE pathogens are those with highest importance in the EU and chronic infections due to biofilm formation are a particular task. Noninvasive pathogen-specific imaging of the infected tissue is not clinically available. Its successful implementation will enable the choice of appropriate therapy and boost efficacy. Furthermore,
Gram-negative bacteria have a highly protective cellular envelope as an important resistance mechanism for drugs acting intracellularly, resulting in an alarmingly empty drug-pipeline.
To overcome this gap, I will establish Lectin-directed Theranostics targeting pathogens via their extracellular carbohydrate-binding proteins at the site of infection for specific imaging and treatment. This will be implemented for the highly resistant ESKAPE pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa through 3 different work packages.
WP1 Sweet Imaging: Design & conjugation of lectin-directed ligands to imaging probes, Optimization of ligand/linker, in vivo proof-of-concept imaging study.
WP2 Sweet Targeting: Delivery of antibiotics to the infection through covalent linking of lectindirecting groups. Employing different antibiotics, assessment of bactericidal potency and targeting efficiency. Manufacturing of nano-carriers with surface exposed lectin-directed ligands, noncovalent charging with antibiotics. In vitro and in vivo targeting.
WP3 Sweet SMART Targeting: Conjugates as SMART drugs: specific release of anti-biofilm lectin inhibitor and drug cargo upon contact with pathogen, development of linkers cleavable by pathogenic enzymes.
SWEETBULLETS will establish fundamentally novel lectin-directed theranostics to fight these deleterious infections and provide relief to nosocomially infected and cystic fibrosis patients. It is rapidly extendable towards other ESKAPE pathogens, e.g. Klebsiella spp.. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
W2355039584 | The Scheme Design of The North Ring Interchange Project in Caofeidian,Tangshan City | As a rising star in Circum-Bohai-Sea Region,Caofeidian will be the powerful force to drive the economic of Hebei Province and Bohai economic circle.This interchange project is a significant junction of the road-network structure in Caofeidian industrial estate,multianalysising the development form of vehicles and industrial estate,centering on Meet transportation need,consider landscape appropriately,as well as to achieve the general plan and short-term and long-term traffic demand,ensure traffic safety and comfort,supply bridge structure and landscape demands.Not only fully exert the functions of urban main roads and road-network,but also this interchange makes convenience to the road-network and transformation of traffic flows in every direction,brings better comprehensive benefits of society,economy and environment. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
10.1177/0305735615577406 | Play Together Think Alike Shared Mental Models In Expert Music Improvisers | When musicians improvise together, they tend to agree beforehand on a common structure (e. g. a jazz standard) which helps them coordinate. However, in the particular case of collective free improvisation (CFI), musicians deliberately avoid having such a referent. How, then, can they coordinate? We propose that CFI musicians who have experience playing together come to share higher-level knowledge, which is not piece-specific but rather task-specific: an implicit mental model of what it is to improvise freely. We tested this hypothesis on a group of 19 expert improvisers from the Parisian CFI community, who had various degrees of experience playing with one another. Drawing from the methodology of team cognition, we used a card-sorting procedure on a set of 25 short improvised sound sequences to elicit and represent each participant’s mental model of the CFI task. We then evaluated the similarity between the participants’ models, and used the measure in a nearest neighbour classification algorithm to retrieve clusters of participants who were known to play together. As hypothesized, we found that the degree of similarity in participants’ mental models predicted their degree of musical familiarity with better-than-random accuracy: musicians who played together tended to ‘think’ about improvised music in the same way. | [
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
10.1016/j.jbiomech.2017.08.030 | The influence of ligament modelling strategies on the predictive capability of finite element models of the human knee joint | In finite element (FE) models knee ligaments can represented either by a group of one-dimensional springs, or by three-dimensional continuum elements based on segmentations. Continuum models closer approximate the anatomy, and facilitate ligament wrapping, while spring models are computationally less expensive. The mechanical properties of ligaments can be based on literature, or adjusted specifically for the subject. In the current study we investigated the effect of ligament modelling strategy on the predictive capability of FE models of the human knee joint. The effect of literature-based versus specimen-specific optimized material parameters was evaluated. Experiments were performed on three human cadaver knees, which were modelled in FE models with ligaments represented either using springs, or using continuum representations. In spring representation collateral ligaments were each modelled with three and cruciate ligaments with two single-element bundles. Stiffness parameters and pre-strains were optimized based on laxity tests for both approaches. Validation experiments were conducted to evaluate the outcomes of the FE models. Models (both spring and continuum) with subject-specific properties improved the predicted kinematics and contact outcome parameters. Models incorporating literature-based parameters, and particularly the spring models (with the representations implemented in this study), led to relatively high errors in kinematics and contact pressures. Using a continuum modelling approach resulted in more accurate contact outcome variables than the spring representation with two (cruciate ligaments) and three (collateral ligaments) single-element-bundle representations. However, when the prediction of joint kinematics is of main interest, spring ligament models provide a faster option with acceptable outcome. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
EP 2008051675 W | DERIVATISATION OF BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES | The present invention relates to a new polymerisation process in which ethylenically unsaturated monomers are polymerised by a living radical polymerisation process in the presence of an initiator and a catalyst. Polymers produced by this new process are also thought to be novel and may be used to derivatise biological molecules to improve their efficacy as therapeutic treatments. A preferred polymer is of formula (A) The polymers are particularly suitable for derivatising proteins, such as interferon. | [
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
170009 | Click chemistry for future gene therapies to benefit citizens, researchers and industry | Gene therapy is expected to play a key role in next-generation medicine by correcting the underlying genetic causes of disease, thereby facilitating personalised medicine. Current gene therapy methods possess undesirable side effects, including insertional mutagenesis, toxicity, low efficiency and off-target cutting. Questions also remain regarding the optimal methods for delivering nucleases into cells and tissues. These limitations will be addressed through the original and innovative approach of the ClickGene network.
ClickGene’s research objectives are to train 14 ESRs in the field of biomaterials development with specific focus on, i.) site-selective genetic engineering, ii.) liposomal nanoparticle drug delivery, and iii.) optogenetic diagnostic probes for epigenetic base detection. Most of our academic partners are key members of COST Action CM1201: Biomimetic Radical Chemistry and all have outstanding international reputations as scientific leaders in their field. This COST Action will play a vital role in both networking and training elements of ClickGene, and in combination with transferable skills training, intersectorial and cross-disciplinary secondment, and industry targeted workshops, the education of biomaterials chemists with expertise in click-chemistry and cutting edge application areas of gene therapy, nanotechnology and biological diagnostics will be achieved.
The training provided will match the skills required by next-generation research leaders in biopharmaceutical, nanotechnology, biodiagnostic and other industries. Allied to academic strength in this network, ClickGene features highlycompetitive industry partners with expertise in commercialisation of nucleic acid click-chemistry (baseclick, ATDBio) and liposomal and lipidome technology (LipiNutraGen). Thus, synergy between both commercial and academic partners will enable ESRs to develop gene-targeted technology within a highly productive, engaging, and exciting training network. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
Q2891381 | Mac| Internationale Strategie | Dieses Projekt ermöglicht die internationale Expansions- und Wachstumsstrategie des Medical Art Center, wobei insbesondere eine Reihe von Werbe- und Verbreitungsaktivitäten zu den angebotenen Dienstleistungen sowie zu den innovativen Medizinprodukten, die vom Unternehmen entwickelt wurden, ins Auge gefasst wird. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
EP 2019074969 W | PROTECTIVE UNIT FOR A BATTERY MODULE OF A HIGH-VOLTAGE BATTERY, BATTERY MODULE, AND HIGH-VOLTAGE BATTERY | The invention relates to a protective unit (15) for a battery module (1) of a high-voltage battery of a motor vehicle for electrically insulating cell housings (7) of prismatic battery cells (3) of the battery module (1), which battery cells are stacked to form a cell stack (2), and a cell-contacting system (12) of the battery module (1), which cell-contacting system interconnects the battery cells (3) by electrically connecting cell terminals (8, 9) of the battery cells (3), the protective unit comprising pre-formed intermediate layer (16) made of an electrically insulating material, which intermediate layer can be applied to a side (11) of the cell stack (2) having the cell terminals (8, 9) and therefore can be arranged between the side (11) of the cell stack (2) having the cell terminals (8, 9) and the cell-contacting system (12) and which intermediate layer has a number of cut-outs (17) which corresponds to the number of cells terminals (8, 9), said cut-outs being provided for the feeding through of the cell terminals (8, 9) when the intermediate layer (16) is applied to the cell stack (2). The invention further relates to a battery module (1) and to a high-voltage battery. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
Q101227 | IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DE UM NOVO MODELO DE NEGÓCIO EM SOLUÇÕES NRG SP. Z O.O. A FIM DE INTERNACIONALIZAR A EMPRESA ATRAVÉS DA EXPORTAÇÃO DA INOVADORA NRGBOX-A. | O objeto do projeto é atividades destinadas a implementar um novo modelo de negócio na NRG SOLUTIONS, a fim de internacionalizar a empresa através da exportação de NRGBOX inovadora. 1. Compra de serviços de consultoria relacionados à busca e seleção de parceiros, 2. Preparação da conceção e produção de materiais individuais que promovem o produto NRGBOX, 3. Participação em feiras e exposições de comércio exterior. A fim de executar eficazmente as tarefas planeadas, é necessário suportar os custos relacionados com: serviços de consultoria para a pesquisa e seleção de parceiros no mercado alemão, preparação de filmes promocionais, conceção de catálogos e folhetos/brochuras, impressão de catálogos de produtos, folhetos/brochuras, preparação de gadgets publicitários, conceção e construção de stands de exposições, despesas de viagem de negócios, transporte de itens e esteiras promocionais, seguro de exposições promocionais e esteiras, taxas de aluguel de espaço de exposição, taxas de inscrição, custos de preparação de identificadores, cadernetas de parque e traduções. Todas as atividades terão lugar entre 12.2.2018 e 30.6.2018. Os objetivos de longo e curto prazo mais importantes relacionados com a internacionalização da empresa incluem: —Aumento das receitas de exportação — a execução das atividades descritas contribuirá para o início da atividade de exportação, aumentando assim as receitas das vendas de exportação em relação às receitas gerais das vendas — de acordo com a fórmula «A» acima referida. 10 %, ou seja, 20,07 % -Aumentar as ações no mercado de fitness — Aquisição de novos empreiteiros — obtenção de pelo menos 7 contratos comerciais -Formar uma imagem positiva da marca NRGBOX Todos os objetivos são realistas para alcançar. O projeto é viável — W-ca garantiu o dinheiro para a implementação do projeto, e a forma organizacional adotada é suficiente para implementar adequadamente e garantir o funcionamento do projeto após a sua conclusão. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1039/c4py01748j | Aqueous SET-LRP catalyzed with “in situ” generated Cu(0) demonstrates surface mediated activation and bimolecular termination | Ultrafast, inversely temperature dependent aqueous SET-LRP with “in situ” generated Cu(0) yields quantitative chain-ends demonstrating surface mediated activation and termination. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
W2046652095 | Improving Initial Acetabular Component Stability in Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty | A reproducible retroacetabular defect was created bilaterally in 9 cadaver pelves. The defects were filled with either an injectable, bioresorbable, calcium phosphate cement, or reverse-reamed cancellous allograft. An uncemented acetabular shell was impacted, followed by the placement of an appropriate liner. The pelves were then sectioned, and each half was loaded in a material testing machine to simulate walking on the construct over a several week period. The cement-filled defects lasted a greater number of cycles before failure and had greater cup stability and stiffness. The use of resorbable bone void filler for retroacetabular defects shows promise in this biomechanical analysis. Long-term clinical follow-up is warranted to track osseointegration of the implant and restoration of bone stock between this and other clinically accepted surgical techniques. | [
"Materials Engineering",
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
802979 | What are the origins of empathy? A comparative developmental investigation | Empathy – sharing and understanding others’ emotions and thoughts – is a defining feature of what it means to be human. However, we lack knowledge about the origins of empathy and to what extent its sub-components reflect species and cultural universals. Studying infants and great apes enables us to identify the developmental and evolutionary origins of empathy and the extent of its human uniqueness. Until now, it has largely been assumed that infants and great apes lack the capacity for empathy. However, this claim may reflect a lack of adequate methodologies and research attention, leaving infant and great ape empathy underestimated. Now, combining novel techniques to investigate empathy comparatively (thermal-imaging, pupillometry and eye-tracking) with longitudinal observations and innovative experiments, EMPORIGIN will overcome this issue to provide the first comparative investigation of empathy development in humans and bonobos, our closest living relatives. Rich datasets on bonobo (wild and semi-captive) infant development and caregiver interactions will be compared to those from human infants in two small-scale, traditional societies – Vanuatu and Samoa. Both societies show distributed-caregiving but vary in societal structure and emotional expressivity. Using a cross-species and cross-cultural approach, EMPORIGIN will deliver step-change insights into empathy development that go far beyond the State-of-the-Art. We will test the hypothesis that humans and bonobos share a core capacity for empathy, but humans diverge in a greater motivation to ameliorate others’ emotional states and a capacity for reciprocal emotional exchange. These capacities could lead to a cascade of human-unique forms of sharing and co-operation. Combining approaches across biology, psychology, ethology and anthropology, EMPORIGIN will advance our understanding of the origins of empathy, one of our most remarkable capacities, and challenge current perspectives about its human uniqueness. | [
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
716910 | Dissecting the crosstalk between metabolism and transcriptional regulation in pluripotent stem cells. | Pluripotent Stem cells (PSCs) can give rise to all differentiated cells of the body and the germ line, which makes them conceptually fascinating and a valuable tool for regenerative medicine. Mouse PSCs are devoid of any developmental restriction partly thanks to their “open” chromatin, characterised by remarkably low levels of repressive epigenetic modifications. Metabolism is a key feature that can be adjusted to meet the cell’s needs, and that has the potential to feedback on transcription and epigenetics. How metabolism is regulated in PSCs and whether this is important for their biology remains largely unknown.
We recently found a new molecular mechanism by which energy production is coupled to pluripotency. Here we propose to deepen our understanding of how metabolism, epigenetics and transcription are reciprocally regulated for the self-renewal and differentiation of PSCs. To gain insights into how metabolism is dynamically regulated in concert with the transcriptome and epigenome, we will also use somatic cell reprogramming into PSCs, a process in which both the metabolic and epigenetic profiles must be reset to match those of PSCs. Moreover, taking advantage of the recent generation of novel human PSCs sharing most of the transcriptional and epigenetic features found in naïve mouse PSCs, we will explore how metabolic regulatory mechanisms key for the generation and maintenance of pluripotency are conserved throughout evolution. Altogether, large-scale transcriptional, epigenetic and metabolic profiling of PSCs, combined with cutting edge technologies for their generation, expansion and genetic manipulation, will give us the unprecedented opportunity to build a comprehensive computational model of the metabolic network in PSCs, and to study how gene transcription and metabolism regulate each other. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1371/journal.pone.0118329 | Women favour dyadic relationships, but men prefer clubs: Cross-cultural evidence from social networking | The ability to create lasting, trust-based friendships makes it possible for humans to form large and coherent groups. The recent literature on the evolution of sociality and on the network dynamics of human societies suggests that large human groups have a layered structure generated by emotionally supported social relationships. There are also gender differences in adult social style which may involve different trade-offs between the quantity and quality of friendships. Although many have suggested that females tend to focus on intimate relations with a few other females, while males build larger, more hierarchical coalitions, the existence of such gender differences is disputed and data from adults is scarce. Here, we present cross-cultural evidence for gender differences in the preference for close friendships. We use a sample of ∼112,000 profile pictures from nine world regions posted on a popular social networking site to show that, in self-selected displays of social relationships, women favour dyadic relations, whereas men favour larger, all-male cliques. These apparently different solutions to quality-quantity trade-offs suggest a universal and fundamental difference in the function of close friendships for the two sexes. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
W1695263850 | Growth and movement patterns of early juvenile European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus L.) in the Bay of Biscay based on otolith microstructure and chemistry | Various hypotheses have been put forward to explain the mechanisms in the Bay of Biscay that result in a good recruitment of European anchovy. Anchovy larvae from the spawning area in the Gironde River plume are advected towards off-shelf waters, where juveniles are commonly observed. Otolith microstructural and chemical analysis were combined to assess the importance of this off-shelf transport and to determine the relative contribution of these areas for anchovy survival. Chemical analysis of otoliths showed that anchovy juveniles in the Bay of Biscay can be divided into two groups: a group that drifts towards off-shelf waters early in their life and returns later, and a group that remains in the low salinity waters of the coastal area. The first group presents significantly faster growth rates (0.88 mm day )1 ) than those remaining in the coastal waters (0.32 mm day )1 ). This may be due to off-shelf waters being warmer in spring ⁄summer, and to the fact that the lower food concentration is compensated for by higher prey visibility. Furthermore, the group of juveniles that drifted off the spawning area and had faster growth rates represents 99% of the juvenile population. These findings support the hypothesis that anchovy in the Bay of Biscay may use off-shelf waters as a spatio-temporal loophole, suggesting that transport off the shelf may be favourable for recruitment. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-13-1265 | Ccl2 Ccr2 Dependent Recruitment Of Functional Antigen Presenting Cells Into Tumors Upon Chemotherapy | The therapeutic efficacy of anthracyclines relies, at least partially, on the induction of a dendritic cell- and T-lymphocyte-dependent anticancer immune response. Here, we show that anthracycline-based chemotherapy promotes the recruitment of functional CD11b(+)CD11c(+)Ly6C(high)Ly6G(-)MHCII(+) dendritic cell-like antigen-presenting cells (APC) into the tumor bed, but not into lymphoid organs. Accordingly, draining lymph nodes turned out to be dispensable for the proliferation of tumor antigen-specific T cells within neoplastic lesions as induced by anthracyclines. In addition, we found that tumors treated with anthracyclines manifest increased expression levels of the chemokine Ccl2. Such a response is important as neoplasms growing in Ccl2(-/-) mice failed to accumulate dendritic cell-like APCs in response to chemotherapy. Moreover, cancers developing in mice lacking Ccl2 or its receptor (Ccr2) exhibited suboptimal therapeutic responses to anthracycline-based chemotherapy. Altogether, our results underscore the importance of the CCL2/CCR2 signaling axis for therapeutic anticancer immune responses as elicited by immunogenic chemotherapy. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.02.001 | Life cycle greenhouse gas benefits or burdens of residual biomass from landscape management | The use of residual biomass for the production of bioenergy and biomaterials is often suggested as a strategy to avoid negative effects associated with dedicated biomass production. One potential source is biomass from landscape management. The goal of this study was to find the lowest net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of various applications of residual biomass from landscape management. GHG balances of thirteen residual biomass applications were calculated and compared to their respective conventional counterfactuals. As a case study, the potential contribution to climate change mitigation through the use of residual biomass available from vegetation management in floodplains of the Dutch Rhine delta were quantified. The greatest GHG benefits are achieved when using woody biomass to produce heat (−132 kg CO 2 -eq. /tonne wet biomass) and grassy biomass to produce growth media (−229 kg CO 2 -eq. /tonne wet biomass). In contrast, composting grassy biomass for fertiliser replacement on agricultural fields results in the largest GHG burdens of 62 kg CO 2 -eq. /tonne wet biomass. The findings imply that residual biomass from landscape management can contribute to both GHG benefits and burdens, depending on the application. Higher benefits were found for bioenergy than for biomaterial applications. Biomass applications should be chosen with care and consideration of their counterfactuals. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering"
]
|
10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00774 | Persistent Activation of cGMP-Dependent Protein Kinase by a Nitrated Cyclic Nucleotide via Site Specific Protein S-Guanylation | 8-Nitroguanosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (8-nitro-cGMP) is a nitrated derivative of guanosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) formed endogenously under conditions associated with production of both reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide. It acts as an electrophilic second messenger in the regulation of cellular signaling by inducing a post-translational modification of redox-sensitive protein thiols via covalent adduction of cGMP moieties to protein thiols (protein S-guanylation). Here, we demonstrate that 8-nitro-cGMP potentially S-guanylates thiol groups of cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG), the enzyme that serves as one of the major receptor proteins for intracellular cGMP and controls a variety of cellular responses. S-Guanylation of PKG was found to occur in a site specific manner; Cys42 and Cys195 were the susceptible residues among 11 Cys residues. Importantly, S-guanylation at Cys195, which is located in the high-affinity cGMP binding domain of PKG, causes persistent enzyme activation as determined by in vitro kinase assay as well as by an organ bath assay. In vivo, S-guanylation of PKG was demonstrated to occur in mice without any specific treatment and was significantly enhanced by lipopolysaccharide administration. These findings warrant further investigation in terms of the physiological and pathophysiological roles of S-guanylation-dependent persistent PKG activation. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
10.1117/12.2227684 | 40Ghz Picosecond Pulse Source Based On A Cross Phase Modulation Induced Orthogonal Focusing In Normally Dispersive Optical Fibers Conference Presentation | The generation of picosecond pulse trains has become of great interest for many scientific applications. However, even though different techniques of nonlinear compression have been developed for optical fibers in the anomalous dispersion regime, only a few exist for normally dispersive fibers. Here, we describe a new method based on the generation of a strong nonlinear focusing effect induced by the cross phase modulation of a high power 40-GHz beat-signal on its orthogonally polarized interleaved weak replica. More precisely, while the normally dispersive defocusing regime induced a nonlinear reshaping of a high power 40-GHz sinusoidal signal into successively parabolic then broad and sharp square pulses, it also progressively close a singularity at its null point characterized by steeper and steeper edges. Here we show that the cross phase modulation induced by this nonlinear dark structure on a weak interleaved orthogonally polarized replica then turns out the normally dispersive regime into a focusing dynamics. This phenomenon is similar to the polarization domain wall effect for which the energy of a domain is strongly localized and bounded by the commutation of both orthogonally polarized waves. In other words, since a particle in a gradually collapsing potential, the energy contained in the weak interleaved component is found to be more and more bounded and is thus forced to temporally compress along the fiber length, thus reshaping the initial beat-signal into a train of well-separated short pulses. We have experimentally validated the present method by demonstrating the temporal compression of an initial 40-GHz beat-signal into a train of well separated pulses in different types of normally dispersive fibers. To this aim, an initial 40-GHz beat-signal is first split into 2 replica for which one is half-period delayed and 10-dB attenuated before polarization multiplexing in such a way to generate a strongly-unbalanced orthogonally-polarized interleaved signal. The resulting signal is then amplified and injected into the fiber under-test. In first fibers of 1 and 2 km (D = -15 ps. km-1. nm-1, γ = 2. 3 W-1. km-1, α = 0. 2 dB. km-1), we have observed the nonlinear focusing of the initial 40-GHz sinusoidal signal input into a train of 5. 5-ps pulses. By decreasing the dispersion coefficient down to D = -2. 5 ps. km-1. nm-1 in such a way to exacerbate the nonlinear defocusing effect of the strongest component far beyond the wave breaking, we have successfully compressed the orthogonally polarized 40-GHz beat-signal into well-separated 2. 5-ps pulses after 5 km of propagation for a total input power of 28 dBm. We then studied the effect of total power on the compression ratio, and showed that compression is more efficient with higher total power, even after the wave breaking phenomenon. We followed by showing that the power ratio between the two polarization axes is closely linked to the compression factor, as the higher the power difference between the two axes, the better compression. Finally, our experimental results are in excellent agreement with our numerical predictions. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1093/jxb/erw092 | SUMO proteases: Uncovering the roles of deSUMOylation in plants | Plants have evolved to cope with changing environmental conditions. One way plants achieve this is through post-translational modification of target proteins by ubiquitination and SUMOylation. These post-translational modifiers (PMs) can alter stability, protein-protein interactions, and the overall fate of the protein. Both of these systems have remarkable similarities in terms of the process leading to attachment of the PM to its substrate - having to undertake activation, conjugation, and finally ligation to the target. In the ubiquitin system, there are a vast number of ubiquitin ligase enzymes (E3s) that provide specificity for the attachment of ubiquitin. With the SUMO system, only a small number of SUMO E3 ligases have so far been identified in the fully sequenced plant genomes. In Arabidopsis thaliana, there are only two SUMO E3s, compared to over 1400 ubiquitin E3s, a trend also observed in crop species such as Oryza sativa and Zea mays. Recent research indicates that removing SUMO from its substrate by the enzymatically active SUMO proteases is a vital part of this system. A class of SUMO proteases called ubiquitin-like proteases (ULPs) are widespread in all eukaryotes; within plants, both monocot and dicot kingdoms have conserved and divergent ULPs and ULP-like proteases. This paper examines the roles ULPs have in stress responses and highlights the 'fine-tuning' of SUMO attachment/removal in balancing growth versus stress. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1109/TAC.2018.2824982 | Affine Parameter Dependent Lyapunov Functions For Lpv Systems With Affine Dependence | This paper deals with the certification problem for robust quadratic stability, robust state convergence, and robust quadratic performance of linear systems that exhibit bounded rates of variation in their parameters. We consider both continuous-time (CT) and discrete-time (DT) parameter-varying systems. In this paper, we provide a uniform method for this certification problem in both cases and we show that, contrary to what was claimed previously, the DT case requires a significantly different treatment compared to the existing CT results. In the established uniform approach, quadratic Lyapunov functions, which are affine in the parameter, are used to certify robust stability, robust convergence rates, and robust performance in terms of linear matrix inequality feasibility tests. To exemplify the procedure, we solve the certification problem for $\mathscr {L}_2$ -gain performance both in the CT and the DT cases. A numerical example is given to show that the proposed approach is less conservative than a method with slack variables. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Mathematics"
]
|
W1988271998 | Maternal plasma levels of interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, vitamins C, E and A, 8-isoprostane and oxidative status in women with preterm premature rupture of membranes | Preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) is associated with significant maternal and perinatal morbidity. This study examined maternal oxidative stress in PPROM.This was a prospective cross-sectional study conducted in a university hospital. A total of 72 pregnant women were recruited into two groups, those with PPROM (38 cases) and those without PPROM (34 controls) matched for gestational age. Plasma interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, vitamins C, E and A, 8-isoprostane, total oxidant status (TOS) and antioxidant status (TAS) were determined for all study participants and the data were compared between the PPROM and control groups.Both case and control groups were comparably matched in age, parity, gestational age and smoking status. There was a significant association between low 8-isoprostane, low vitamin C and high total oxidant status and the occurrence of PPROM (p < 0.001).Plasma vitamin C and 8-isoprostane levels were lower and TOS higher in women with PPROM. Further research is needed to identify robust biological markers for the prevention and also prognosis of PPROM. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
681404 | The Logic of Conceivability: Modelling Rational Imagination with Non-Normal Modal Logics | “The human imagination remains one of the last uncharted territories of the mind”
- Ruth Byrne, The Rational Imagination
Our mind represents non-actual scenarios to extract information from them. We cannot experience beforehand which situations are or will be actual. So we explore them in our imagination, leaving our perceptions offline: ‘What would happen if...?’. The cognitive importance of this activity is hardly overestimated.
But what is its *logic*? The orthodox logical treatment of representational mental states comes from modal logic’s possible worlds semantics: the modal analysis of knowledge, belief, information, was taken up by philosophy, linguistics, and Artificial Intelligence. However, the approach faces major problems. By systematically addressing them, the Logic of Conceivability (LoC) project will yield a paradigm shift in our understanding of the logic of human imagination.
One major purely logical problem is that mainstream epistemic logics model cognitive agents as logically omniscient, thus as disconnected from the reality of human, fallible minds. One major philosophical problem concerns the entailment from conceivability to so-called absolute possibility in ‘thought experiments’ of theoretical philosophy: how does conceiving a scenario give evidence of its possibility? LoC will address such issues via the techniques of non-classical logics with non-normal worlds semantics. It will make logically precise the distinction, taken from cognitive science, between Fast Thinking (associative, context-sensitive) and Slow Thinking (rule-based, analytic). It will show how omniscience is avoided, and evidence of absolute possibility is achieved, in different manners in the Fast and Slow Way.
Based at the Institute for Logic, Language and Computation, and advised by a Board of researchers from Europe, the US, and Australia, LoC will deliver high-impact outputs in top journals, a book, and knowledge dissemination results for non-specialists. | [
"Texts and Concepts",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
10.5194/acp-10-8413-2010 | Aerosol properties associated with air masses arriving into the North East Atlantic during the 2008 Mace Head EUCAARI intensive observing period: An overview | As part of the EUCAARI Intensive Observing Period, a 4-week campaign to measure aerosol physical, chemical and optical properties, atmospheric structure, and cloud microphysics was conducted from mid-May to mid-June, 2008 at the Mace Head Atmospheric Research Station, located at the interface of Western Europe and the N. E. Atlantic and centered on the west Irish coastline. During the campaign, continental air masses comprising both young and aged continental plumes were encountered, along with polar, Arctic and tropical air masses. Polluted-continental aerosol concentrations were of the order of 3000 cm-3, while background marine air aerosol concentrations were between 400-600 cm-3. The highest marine air concentrations occurred in polar air masses in which a 15 nm nucleation mode, with concentration of 1100 cm-3, was observed and attributed to open ocean particle formation. Continental air submicron chemical composition (excluding refractory sea salt) was dominated by organic matter, closely followed by sulphate mass. Although the concentrations and size distribution spectral shape were almost identical for the young and aged continental cases, hygroscopic growth factors (GF) and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) to total condensation nuclei (CN) concentration ratios were significantly less in the younger pollution plume, indicating a more oxidized organic component to the aged continental plume. The difference in chemical composition and hygroscopic growth factor appear to result in a 40-50% impact on aerosol scattering coefficients and Aerosol Optical Depth, despite almost identical aerosol microphysical properties in both cases, with the higher values been recorded for the more aged case. For the CCN/CN ratio, the highest ratios were seen in the more age plume. In marine air, sulphate mass dominated the sub-micron component, followed by water soluble organic carbon, which, in turn, was dominated by methanesulphonic acid (MSA). Sulphate concentrations were highest in marine tropical air - even higher than in continental air. MSA was present at twice the concentrations of previously-reported concentrations at the same location and the same season. Both continental and marine air exhibited aerosol GFs significantly less than ammonium sulphate aerosol pointing to a significant organic contribution to all air mass aerosol properties. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
US 201715650039 A | FREQUENCY-SELECTIVE BEAM MANAGEMENT | A method performed by a user equipment (UE) is provided. The method includes selecting a first beam for a first frequency band and selecting a second beam for a second frequency band. The method further includes receiving scheduling information (SI) for scheduling at least one of an uplink (UL) transmission from the UE and a downlink (DL) transmission to the UE. The SI includes frequency information identifying a frequency band. The method further includes selecting a beam from a set of beams including the first and second beams. The selection is based on the identified frequency band. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1242/jcs.165464 | MEI4: a central player in the regulation of meiotic DNA double strand break formation in the mouse | The formation of programmed DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) at the beginning of meiotic prophase marks the initiation of meiotic recombination. Meiotic DSBs are catalyzed by SPO11 and their repair takes place on meiotic chromosome axes. The evolutionarily conserved MEI4 protein is required for meiotic DSB formation and is localized on chromosome axes. Here we show that HORMAD1, one of the meiotic chromosome axis components, is required for MEI4 localization. Importantly, the quantitative correlation between the level of axis-associated MEI4 and DSB formation suggests that axis-associated MEI4 could be a limiting factor for DSB formation. We also show that MEI1, REC8 and RAD21L are important for proper MEI4 localization. These findings on MEI4 dynamics during meiotic prophase suggest that the association of MEI4 to chromosome axes is required for DSB formation, and that the loss of this association upon DSB repair could contribute to turning off meiotic DSB formation. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
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