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895080 | Combined hybrid solution of metal hydride and mechanical compressors for extra large scale hydrogen refuelling stations | Hydrogen mobility is one of the most promising solutions for a sustainable energy transition in large-scale transport modes, including trucks, busses, trains and professional vehicle fleets. For these applications, a dedicated hydrogen refuelling infrastructure is necessary, including hydrogen compressors able to meet challenging constraints in terms of flow rate and availability. The COSMHYC XL project aims at developing an innovative compression solution for extra large hydrogen refuelling stations, based on the combination of a metal hydride compressor and a diaphragm compressor. The solution will be scalable and modular and will therefore be adapted to the diversity of large-scale mobility applications. The combination of both technologies will provide a cost efficient solution, by reducing both the investment and the maintenance costs. Thanks to significant research and innovation activities, from core materials and components to system integration, the new compression solution will contain no critical raw materials. The hydrogen flow rates will be drastically increased, as well as the overall compression ratio. In addition, the reliability and availability of hydrogen refuelling stations will be significantly improved. An innovative system integration concept will enable to optimise the thermal synergies between both compressors and lead to an improved electrical efficiency by more than 30%, thereby contributing to reduce the production costs of hydrogen and making it a competitive fuel for large-scale mobility. COSMHYC XL will include the development of a 1/10 scale prototype, and a long-term test phase of 6 months under real conditions. Techno-economic analysis will be performed and an advisory committee will support the partners to better understand the needs of the market. Extensive communication, dissemination and exploitation activities will take place and maximise the economic, environmental and societal impacts of the project. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
W2387298509 | Logic and Paradox in Chinese Football System:The Stage of Market-Oriented Perspective of Football | Using literature data and logical analysis to analyze the logic of the system of football and paradox from the perspective of the stage of football market.At present,the market logic of football in China should be the government management system,public finance,the market mechanism and private finance.However,there is the system of logical paradox in Chinese soccer system,government regulation,market mechanisms,supplemented by the institutional arrangements to achieve our soccer football managers have neither the unfolding of the historical responsibility of popularizing and improving;have no strict regulatory control Football League market production and exchange.Digestion system to be paradox,first,need to reform the Football Association and Football Management Center from ‘two right one’ to ‘separation of ownership’;Second,we must establish legal control and good governance in accordance with the law of football administration;and third,establish control and separation of power responsibility-oriented government. | [
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1002/ejic.201600895 | The Diphosphorus Complex [Cp<inf>2</inf>Mo<inf>2</inf>(CO)<inf>4</inf>(η<sup>2</sup>-P<inf>2</inf>)] as a Building Block for the Synthesis of Mixed-Hybrid Coordination Polymers | The three-component reaction of the tetrahedral diphosphorus complex [Cp2Mo2(CO)4(η2-P2)] (1), with Ag[BF4] (2) in the presence of 2,2′-bipyrimidine (3) leads to the formation of the two novel two-dimensional networks 4 and 5. Compound 4 is a new two-dimensional organometallic-organic hybrid polymer, while derivative 5 represents a unique two-dimensional organometallic-inorganic-organic hybrid polymer. These results show the possibility of synthesizing a new class of coordination polymers, which could not be obtained from two-component reactions with organic molecules in addition of metal ions. | [
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1039/c8cc01129j | Chloroplast-containing coacervate micro-droplets as a step towards photosynthetically active membrane-free protocells | Encapsulation of structurally and functionally intact chloroplasts within coacervate micro-droplets is used to prepare photosynthetically active membrane-free protocells. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
W2141562753 | Performance of FRAX in a cohort of community-dwelling, ambulatory older men: the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) study | We evaluated performance of FRAX in older men who participated in the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) study.FRAX has been extensively studied in women, but there are few studies of its performance in men.FRAX estimates for 10-year hip fracture and major osteoporotic fracture (MOF; either hip, clinical spine, forearm, or shoulder) were calculated from data obtained from MrOS participants and compared to observed 10-year fracture cumulative incidence calculated using product limit estimate methods, accounting for competing mortality risk.Five thousand eight hundred ninety-one men were followed for an average of 8.4 years. Without bone mineral density (BMD) in the FRAX model, the mean 10-year predicted fracture probabilities for hip and MOF were 3.5% and 8.9%, respectively; addition of BMD to the calculations reduced these estimates to 2.3% and 7.6%. Using FRAX without BMD, predicted quintile probabilities closely estimated cumulative incidence of hip fracture (range of observed to predicted ratios 0.9-1.1). However, with BMD in the FRAX calculation, observed to predicted hip fracture probabilities were not close to unity and varied markedly across quintiles of predicted probability. For MOF, FRAX without BMD overestimated observed cumulative incidence (range of observed to predicted ratios 0.7-0.9) and addition of BMD did not improve this discrepancy (range of observed to predicted ratios 0.7-1.1). Addition of BMD to the calculation had mixed effects on the discriminatory performance of FRAX, depending on the analysis tool applied.Among this cohort of community-dwelling older men, the FRAX risk calculator without BMD was well calibrated to hip fracture but less well to MOF. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.30986/2019.135 | Explaining Natural Science In Hexameters Scientific Didactic Epic In The Early Modern Era | Didactic epic is one of the most intensely studied genres of Neo-Latin poetry. However, the numerous didactic poems that consider scientific topics as diverse as polar lights and balneology have to date received little attention. Insofar as these poems are considered at all, they are primarily understood as exercises in literary imitatio and demonstrations of poetic virtuosity, largely disregarding their professed objectives of explaining science to their readers. Focusing on a case study of the Iris (1730) by the Jesuit poet Carlo Noceti, the present article suggests that the formal aspects of these texts should not be evaluated in isolation from their contents. Rather, it seems preferable to treat them as serious attempts to familiarise readers with new notions, facts and insights in the age of the Scientific Revolution. The article is complemented by an Appendix listing all pertinent poems known to the author. | [
"Texts and Concepts",
"The Study of the Human Past"
]
|
217547 | Multicellular regulation of insulin secretion from pancreatic islets | Type 2 diabetes mellitus, one of the major healthcare challenges of our time, is characterized by failure of beta cells to functionally adapt to increased peripheral insulin resistance. The resulting chronic elevations in blood glucose concentration are associated with heart, kidney, liver, nerve and retinal disease, as well as cancer. Here, by combining novel optogenetic, photopharmacological and innovative imaging approaches, we aim to unravel the complexity underlying the multicellular regulation of insulin secretion from islets of Langerhans during health and disease. In particular, we will examine a role for privileged pacemakers/hubs in orchestrating population responses to stimuli, identify what makes these specialized cells unique at the RNA/protein level, and understand how they contribute to islet development and failure. Furthermore, we will address whether the intraislet regulation of insulin secretion operates in vivo to determine glucose homeostasis, focusing on the neural-endocrine interface. Lastly, the mechanisms underlying islet cross-talk will be investigated directly in situ within the pancreas of living mice, paying close attention to the roles of the vasculature and secreted factors. As such, these studies should unveil a new route for restoration of insulin secretion in man, as well as provide the foundation for the de novo construction of islets for transplantation. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.922 | Moral Emotions in Political Decision Making | Moral emotions such as guilt, shame, and pride play a central role in motivating and regulating many of people’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. When moral emotions are experienced on behalf of one’s group, they can have a deep impact on intergroup relations as well, particularly in situations of intergroup conflict. If society members feel that they, due to their association with the group, are responsible for the disproportional and illegitimate suffering of outgroup members, they may experience moral emotions like guilt and shame. These emotional responses can potentially motivate society members to enact a range of political response tendencies, varying from pure defensiveness, resulting in opposition to any relevant compromise, to sincere willingness to offer an apology or to compensate the outgroup. Of these group-based emotions, guilt has the greatest potential to contribute to the amelioration of intergroup relations in violent, protracted conflicts. Group-based guilt requires the fulfillment of several conditions, including perceived responsibility for the offense; a specific composition or level of identification with the transgressing group; and appraisal of the guilt-inducing action as unjust, immoral or unfair. Group-based guilt is not a prevalent emotion, and various defense mechanisms are frequently employed to curb it. However, when it does arise the experience of guilt in the name of the group can be an important factor in motivating individuals to support policies aimed at compensating victimized groups and their society, either through material reparations or more symbolic gestures such as formal apologies for the harm incurred. Guilt-driven ameliorative actions such as formal apologies or monetary compensation are an important step towards conflict resolution and reconciliation. While up-regulation of group-based guilt is a challenging process, several research directions demonstrate that this emotion can be induced and harnessed to promote conflict resolution and more harmonious intergroup relations. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
10.1112/plms/pdu040 | Evolving communities with individual preferences | The goal of this paper is to provide mathematically rigorous tools for modelling the evolution of a community of interacting individuals. We model the population by a measure space (ω,F, ρ) where ρ determines the abundance of individual preferences. The preferences of an individual υ σ ω are described by a measurable choice χ( υ) of a rough path. We aim to identify, for each individual, a choice for the forward evolution Yt(υ) for an individual in the community. These choices Yt(υ) must be consistent so that Yt(υ) correctly accounts for the individual's preference and correctly models their interaction with the aggregate behaviour of the community. In general, solutions are continuum of interacting threads analogous to the huge number of individual atomic trajectories that together make up the motion of a fluid. The evolution of the population need not be governed by any over-arching partial differential equation (PDE). Although one can match the standard non-linear parabolic PDEs of McKean-Vlasov type with specific examples of communities in this case. The bulk behaviour of the evolving population provides a solution to the PDE. We focus on the case of weakly interacting systems, where we are able to exhibit the existence and uniqueness of consistent solutions. An important technical result is continuity of the behaviour of the system with respect to changes in the measure ρ assigning weight to individuals. Replacing the deterministic ρ with the empirical distribution of an independent and identically distributed sample from ρ leads to many standard models, and applying the continuity result allows easy proofs for propagation of chaos. The rigorous underpinning presented here leads to uncomplicated models which have wide applicability in both the physical and social sciences. We make no presumption that the macroscopic dynamics are modelled by a PDE. This work builds on the fine probability literature considering the limit behaviour for systems where a large number of particles are interacting with independent preferences; there is also work on continuum models with preferences described by a semi-martingale measure. We mention some of the key papers. | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1002/jbio.201200201 | Optoacoustic imaging of blood perfusion: Techniques for intraoperative tissue viability assessment | Reliably assessing tissue viability during surgery is of major importance in surgical procedures. The most basic requirement for viability is sufficient oxygen supply to the tissue. Therefore it is highly desirable to visualize in real-time the dynamic process of blood perfusion up to and within the microvasculature. A modality sensitive to structures in the range of few hundred micrometers and offering high contrast to the embedding tissue is then needed. To this end, a number of methods have been developed, but have had no significant impact on the clinical routine due to various deficiencies. In this paper we demonstrate the applicability of optoacoustic imaging, which combines ultrasonic resolution with strong optical contrast. A method for optoacoustic perfusion assessment, based on a local and repeatable injection of saline, was proposed and assessed ex-vivo on large pig bowels and in-vivo in mouse tails. The obtained dynamic perfusion images highlight the method's potential to enable immediate and quantitative assessment of tissue viability during surgery. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2013.04.012 | Electrophysiological correlates of tactile remapping | Orienting our gaze or attention to the location of tactile events in the skin feels natural and effortless. However, this process requires combining somatosensory and proprioceptive information in a non-trivial, time consuming, fashion. Here we address the time course of tactile remapping, from somatotopically-based representations, to a spatiotopic reference frame. We compared electrical responses at the scalp evoked by touch at one finger as participants held their arms straight or else, crossed about the body midline. This postural manipulation creates a conflict between frames of reference, which can be used to reveal the consequences of spatial remapping. Behavioural performance was gauged online for crossed and uncrossed postures using bimanual temporal order judgment (TOJ) trials occurring occasionally during the recording session. The first electrophysiological signs of tactile remapping were observed around 70. ms after the tactile event, overlapping in time with the somatosensory component N80. This electrophysiological effect was strongly lateralized to the left scalp and independent of the hand being stimulated. Moreover, participants who manifested a stronger behavioural conflict between frames of reference in the TOJ task displayed a larger electrophysiological effect. Based on these findings, and the known properties of the somatosensory network, we argue that remapping of tactile space depends on fast feedback projections from association areas of the parietal cortex, and encompasses a left-lateralized fronto-parietal network supporting the selection of guided actions. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System"
]
|
W2381113084 | A novel QoS test method based on Web service supermarket platform | To ensure the quality of Web services,QoS(Quality of Service)should be tested.Aiming to the difficulty of automatic generation of test cases and dynamic update,a novel two-stage QoS test method based on the Web service supermarket platform developed by our lab was put forward.At the pre-testing stage,according to different data selection strategies,data was selected randomly from the data partition of data pool and composed some test cases.At the real-test stage,the original service was enveloped as a new service which recorded the input and output of the old service and make them as the real-test seeds and implemented the combination test after collecting enough seeds.The two test values was fused as the dynamic QoS test value.Experimental results show that to apply this QoS test value to service selection will improve customer satisfaction efficiently. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1093/infdis/jiw364 | Adaptation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to Impaired Host Immunity in HIV-Infected Patients | AbstractBackground. It is unknown whether immunosuppression influences the physiologic state of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vivo. We evaluated the impact of host immunity by comparing M. tuberculosis and human gene transcription in sputum between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected and uninfected patients with tuberculosis. Methods. We collected sputum specimens before treatment from Gambians and Ugandans with pulmonary tuberculosis, revealed by positive results of acid-fast bacillus smears. We quantified expression of 2179 M. tuberculosis genes and 234 human immune genes via quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. We summarized genes from key functional categories with significantly increased or decreased expression. Results. A total of 24 of 65 patients with tuberculosis were HIV infected. M. tuberculosis DosR regulon genes were less highly expressed among HIV-infected patients with tuberculosis than among HIV-uninfected patients with tuberculosis (Gambia, P < . 0001; Uganda, P = . 037). In profiling of human genes from the same sputa, HIV-infected patients had 3. 4-fold lower expression of IFNG (P = . 005), 4. 9-fold higher expression of ARG1 (P = . 0006), and 3. 4-fold higher expression of IL10 (P = . 0002) than in HIV-uninfected patients with tuberculosis. Conclusions. M. tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients had lower expression of the DosR regulon, a critical metabolic and immunomodulatory switch induced by NO, carbon monoxide, and hypoxia. Our human data suggest that decreased DosR expression may result from alternative pathway activation of macrophages, with consequent decreased NO expression and/or by poor granuloma formation with consequent decreased hypoxic stress. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1177/0971945817707589 | The Social History Of A Genre Kathas Across Languages In Early Modern North India | Tales are ubiquitous in the literary culture of pre-modern North India, as elsewhere, and they come in all shapes, languages and inflections. For this reason, tracking them allows us to travel into. . . | [
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Texts and Concepts"
]
|
W1938189279 | Effects of combined estrogen and progesterone replacement treatment on detrusor contractility and histology in oophorectomized rats | Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of estrogen plus progesterone treatment administered after surgical menopause on morphological and muscarinic receptor sensitivity in detrusor muscle bands of rats. Materials and Methods: A total of 40 female Albino–Wistar rats were assigned into two groups to undergo surgical menopause with sham operation (n = 10) and bilateral oophorectomy (n = 30). Thirty oophorectomized rats were assigned into three groups for different treatments administered for 8 weeks beginning from the 7th postoperative day. At the end of the 8th postoperative week, laparotomy was performed in all of them and the urinary bladders were excised and investigated with light microscope. All statistical analysis and graphs were performed using GraphPad Prism version 4. P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: It was determined that average bodyweights were increased to some extent in oophorectomized and sham groups after treatment and while it was more marked in the group receiving estrogen therapy, bodyweights were decreased in the group receiving estrogen plus progesterone therapy. However, this was not statistically significant. No statistically significant difference was determined between the sham, placebo and 17-β estradiol treatment groups regarding contractile response of urinary bladder tapes to carbachol (P > 0.05). Contractile responses of urinary bladder tapes of the estrogen plus progesterone treatment group were found to be statistically lower than the placebo group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Our in vitro findings demonstrate that treatment with estrogen plus progesterone decreases muscarinic activity in oophorectomized rats, whereas estrogen-only treatment does not. Our study establishes the basis for further studies to answer whether combination of estrogen and progesterone treatment can restore detrusor overactivity associated with sex hormone defects seen at menopause. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
interreg_2203 | Production of biodiesel from Algae in selected Mediterranean Countries | The potential of producing bio-fuel from microalgae has been recognized as an alternative to fossil fuels, especially under the form of liquid fuel (diesel, ethanol), which can be used in the transport sector. The use of microalgae as a biomass resource for production of biodiesel has drawn a lot of attention from researchers, governments and the private sector. To foster the development of microalgae as alternative fuel, the MED-ALGAE project will contribute to the establishment of a new value chain for the production of renewable energy based on microalgae which can secure sufficient quantity and quality of biodiesel. Microalgae by-products and related new business opportunities will also be identified by the project. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering"
]
|
10.7554/eLife.08851 | Maternal LSD1/KDM1A is an essential regulator of chromatin and transcription landscapes during zygotic genome activation | Upon fertilization, the highly specialised sperm and oocyte genomes are remodelled to confer totipotency. The mechanisms of the dramatic reprogramming events that occur have remained unknown, and presumed roles of histone modifying enzymes are just starting to be elucidated. Here, we explore the function of the oocyte-inherited pool of a histone H3K4 and K9 demethylase, LSD1/KDM1A during early mouse development. KDM1A deficiency results in developmental arrest by the two-cell stage, accompanied by dramatic and stepwise alterations in H3K9 and H3K4 methylation patterns. At the transcriptional level, the switch of the maternal-tozygotic transition fails to be induced properly and LINE-1 retrotransposons are not properly silenced. We propose that KDM1A plays critical roles in establishing the correct epigenetic landscape of the zygote upon fertilization, in preserving genome integrity and in initiating new patterns of genome expression that drive early mouse development. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1088/2041-8205/811/1/L3 | Sxdf Alma 1 5 Arcmin2 Deep Survey A Compact Dusty Star Forming Galaxy At Z 2 5 | We present the first results from the SXDF-Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) 1. 5 arcmin2 deep survey at 1. 1 mm using ALMA. The map reaches a 1σ depth of 55 μJy/beam and covers 12 Hα-selected star-forming galaxies (SFGs) at z = 2. 19 or z = 2. 53. We have detected continuum emission from three of our Hα-selected sample, including one compact SFG with high stellar surface density, NB2315-07. They are all red in the rest-frame optical and have stellar masses of log (M*/M⊙) > 10. 9, whereas the other blue, main-sequence galaxies with {log}({M}*/{M}⊙ ) = 10. 0-10. 8 are exceedingly faint, | [
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
W1978893374 | Modeling and simulation of centroid and inversion charge density in cylindrical surrounding gate MOSFETs including quantum effects | An analytical model for surrounding gate metal—oxide—semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) considering quantum effects is presented. To achieve this goal, we have used a variational approach for solving the Poissonand Schrodinger equations. This model is developed to provide an analytical expression for the inversion charge distribution function for all regions of the device operation. This expression is used to calculate the other important parameters like the inversion charge centroid, threshold voltage and inversion charge density. The calculated expressions for the above parameters are simple and accurate. The validity of this model was checked for the devices with different device dimensions and bias voltages. The calculated results are compared with the simulation results and they show good agreement. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1080/02757206.2016.1222525 | Building A City Korean Capitalists And Navy Nostalgia In Overheated Subic Bay | ABSTRACTOver the course of just half a year, a catastrophic volcanic eruption and an unexpected political victory would come to act upon and dramatically alter the location of Subic Bay in the Philippines. As a consequence, the annus mirabilis of 1991 brought a (temporary) end to more than a century of US tutelage for the Philippines. Subic Bay, an area that had been economically, politically and socially dependent on the patronage of the US Navy, was now undergoing major transformations. The land and infrastructure left behind by the Americans were turned into the Philippines’ largest special economic zone, becoming the vanguard platform that allowed for the introduction of an “overheated” form of economic globalization into the Philippines. Amongst the foreign direct investors now active in Subic, a South Korean shipbuilder has become a new hegemon, building a giant shipyard inside the bay that today employs 34,000 Filipino workers. Paying particular attention to how contested gendered relations between. . . | [
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts"
]
|
851103 | Direct Detection of TeV--PeV Cosmic Rays in Space | The DArk Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE) mission has recently marked a new epoch in astroparticle physics, extending the direct measurements of cosmic ray spectra beyond a TeV with unprecedented energy resolution. With this project, based on my leadership position in DAMPE and its unique data, I propose to fundamentally improve the precision of direct cosmic ray measurements at the highest energies – in the TeV–PeV range, using for the first time a state-of-the-art artificial intelligence approach. The project will help to solve the century-long problem of cosmic-ray origin at such high energies and its effects on the Universe composition. It will study the cosmic-ray spectrum close to the region of a mysterious decline, so-called “knee”, and shed light on the nature of Dark Matter through the discovery of characteristic fine structures in cosmic-ray and gamma-ray spectra. To achieve this, based on my expertise I propose: i) to develop the TeV–PeV cosmic-ray track reconstruction and identification techniques, using a deep learning or similar artificial intelligence approach; ii) to set up a unique research programme to iteratively improve the precision of hadronic Monte-Carlo models in this rarely explored energy domain, based on the available DAMPE data and data from future experiments. The developed results will be applied to the processing of DAMPE data at the first stage, and will be then extended to the next generation High Energy Cosmic Radiation Detection (HERD) experiment. The research strategy is designed to reduce drastically the dominant uncertainties of the cosmic-ray measurements in space, related to the particle type/direction identification and modeling of hadronic interactions in the detector. As a result of the project, cosmic ray spectra will be directly measured in space in TeV–PeV energy range with qualitatively higher precision, opening up an unprecedented opportunities for new discoveries. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
647275 | Programming in vitro evolution using molecular fitness functions | Natural enzymes are awesome catalysts, in terms of their catalytic efficiency, selectivity, control mechanisms, etc. Revamped as laboratory or industrial tools, they have allowed more than a few breakthroughs, such as PCR, next generation sequencing or green chemistry. The next revolution will be brought by a new generation of extensively modified “enzymatic” catalysts working in non-natural environments, possibly build from non-natural chemistries and targeting an unlimited range of non-natural functions. However, their design is still an arduous process; computational design lacks precision while the combinatorial approach, directed evolution, is limited by labor-intensive or ad hoc selection stages.
We will remove the selection bottleneck in directed evolution by introducing biochemical computers able to perform this step autonomously. Based on recent developments in DNA-based molecular programming, these molecular scouts will be co-compartmentalized with genetic libraries into billions of individual compartments in micrometric emulsions. At each generation and in each droplet, after expression of the genotype, these molecular programs will autonomously: i- evaluate the phenotypic signature of a candidate, ii- integrate this information into a predefined scoring function and iii- propagate the relevant genetic information according to this score.
The programmability of this approach will make directed evolution versatile, faster, and able to address more challenging problems. The evolution dynamics itself become tunable, offering new perspectives on the fitness landscape of biopolymer catalysts. A quantitative in silico model will be built and integrated in a computer-assisted tool for the fast set-up of in vitro experiments and tuning of the various experimental knobs. Overall, we will close a virtuous circle by evolving the molecular tools enabling the programmable selection of the next generation of catalytic tools. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1016/j.endeavour.2018.07.005 | The Parliament that Science Built: Credibility, Architecture, and Britain's Palace of Westminster | Between 1834 and 1860 the British government mobilised the latest scientific knowledge in the construction of the new Palace of Westminster, home to the nation's Houses of Parliament. Built in a Gothic style, this legislative building embodied the latest experimental techniques and expertise from geology, mathematics, engineering, chemistry, and optics. By exploring the narrative of this architectural project, it becomes clear just how central scientific values were to Victorian politics. At the same time, this article shows how the experience of constructing Britain's nineteenth-century parliament building has implications and lessons for parliamentary architecture today. | [
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts"
]
|
W2367392437 | Population Carrying Capacity of Cultivated Land Based on Production Capacity in Fujian | This paper constructed the calculating method of population carrying capacity by the fieldwork which was based on the accounting of production capacity in the three consumption levels: subsistence, comparatively well-off and surplus, and scientifically calculated the theoretical, achievable and actual population carrying capacity of cultivated land of Fujian Province in 2010 and 2020 by this method. The results showed that the theoretical production capacity of Fujian could meet the food consumption demands in subsistence, comparatively well-off and surplus, but the achievable and actual production capacity can' t meet the food consumption requires in surplus in 2010. The theoretical population carrying capacity of Fujian cultivated land still has some potential, but the achievable and actual population carrying capacity will be overloaded in 2020. | [
"Earth System Science"
]
|
W2029139570 | Neoadjuvant Therapy for Potentially Resectable Pancreatic Cancer: An Emerging Paradigm? | Although neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy has been tested for more than two decades and can be safely delivered to patients with non-metastatic pancreatic cancer, no randomised trials have been reported until now. Here we provide an overview of the first randomised trial in patients with potentially resectable cancer and of the latest developments in neoadjuvant therapy for this group of patients. It is necessary to continue to perform clinical trials in this field to accurately identify the effect on survival and quality of life in patients with potentially resectable, borderline resectable and unresectable pancreatic cancer. Aspects of imaging for restaging and clinical prognostic factors are also discussed given they will be useful instruments for future trials. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
10.1038/ncb2747 | β 1 - And α v -class integrins cooperate to regulate myosin II during rigidity sensing of fibronectin-based microenvironments | How different integrins that bind to the same type of extracellular matrix protein mediate specific functions is unclear. We report the functional analysis of β 1 - and α v -class integrins expressed in pan-integrin-null fibroblasts seeded on fibronectin. Reconstitution with β 1 -class integrins promotes myosin-II-independent formation of small peripheral adhesions and cell protrusions, whereas expression of α v -class integrins induces the formation of large focal adhesions. Co-expression of both integrin classes leads to full myosin activation and traction-force development on stiff fibronectin-coated substrates, with α v -class integrins accumulating in adhesion areas exposed to high traction forces. Quantitative proteomics linked α v -class integrins to a GEF-H1-RhoA pathway coupled to the formin mDia1 but not myosin II, and α 5 β 1 integrins to a RhoA-Rock-myosin II pathway. Our study assigns specific functions to distinct fibronectin-binding integrins, demonstrating that α 5 β 1 integrins accomplish force generation, whereas α v -class integrins mediate the structural adaptations to forces, which cooperatively enable cells to sense the rigidity of fibronectin-based microenvironments. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1084/jem.20140341 | Regulation of YAP by mTOR and autophagy reveals a therapeutic target of tuberous sclerosis complex | Genetic studies have shown that the tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) 1–TSC2–mammalian target of Rapamycin (mTOR) and the Hippo–Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP) pathways are master regulators of organ size, which are often involved in tumorigenesis. The crosstalk between these signal transduction pathways in coordinating environmental cues, such as nutritional status and mechanical constraints, is crucial for tissue growth. Whether and how mTOR regulates YAP remains elusive. Here we describe a novel mouse model of TSC which develops renal mesenchymal lesions recapitulating human perivascular epithelioid cell tumors (PEComas) from patients with TSC. We identify that YAP is up-regulated by mTOR in mouse and human PEComas. YAP inhibition blunts abnormal proliferation and induces apoptosis of TSC1–TSC2-deficient cells, both in culture and in mosaic Tsc1 mutant mice. We further delineate that YAP accumulation in TSC1/TSC2-deficient cells is due to impaired degradation of the protein by the autophagosome/lysosome system. Thus, the regulation of YAP by mTOR and autophagy is a novel mechanism of growth control, matching YAP activity with nutrient availability under growth-permissive conditions. YAP may serve as a potential therapeutic target for TSC and other diseases with dysregulated mTOR activity. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
10.7554/eLife.26654 | Ionotropic receptor-dependent moist and dry cells control hygrosensation in Drosophila | Insects use hygrosensation (humidity sensing) to avoid desiccation and, in vectors such as mosquitoes, to locate vertebrate hosts. Sensory neurons activated by either dry or moist air (‘dry cells’ and ‘moist cells’) have been described in many insects, but their behavioral roles and the molecular basis of their hygrosensitivity remain unclear. We recently reported that Drosophila hygrosensation relies on three Ionotropic Receptors (IRs) required for dry cell function: IR25a, IR93a and IR40a (Knecht et al. , 2016). Here, we discover Drosophila moist cells and show that they require IR25a and IR93a together with IR68a, a conserved, but orphan IR. Both IR68a- and IR40a-dependent pathways drive hygrosensory behavior: each is important for dry-seeking by hydrated flies and together they underlie moist-seeking by dehydrated flies. These studies reveal that humidity sensing in Drosophila, and likely other insects, involves the combined activity of two molecularly related but neuronally distinct hygrosensing systems. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System"
]
|
10.1038/s41593-018-0332-9 | Mitophagy inhibits amyloid-β and tau pathology and reverses cognitive deficits in models of Alzheimer’s disease | Accumulation of damaged mitochondria is a hallmark of aging and age-related neurodegeneration, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The molecular mechanisms of impaired mitochondrial homeostasis in AD are being investigated. Here we provide evidence that mitophagy is impaired in the hippocampus of AD patients, in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived human AD neurons, and in animal AD models. In both amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau Caenorhabditis elegans models of AD, mitophagy stimulation (through NAD + supplementation, urolithin A, and actinonin) reverses memory impairment through PINK-1 (PTEN-induced kinase-1)-, PDR-1 (Parkinson’s disease-related-1; parkin)-, or DCT-1 (DAF-16/FOXO-controlled germline-tumor affecting-1)-dependent pathways. Mitophagy diminishes insoluble Aβ 1–42 and Aβ 1–40 and prevents cognitive impairment in an APP/PS1 mouse model through microglial phagocytosis of extracellular Aβ plaques and suppression of neuroinflammation. Mitophagy enhancement abolishes AD-related tau hyperphosphorylation in human neuronal cells and reverses memory impairment in transgenic tau nematodes and mice. Our findings suggest that impaired removal of defective mitochondria is a pivotal event in AD pathogenesis and that mitophagy represents a potential therapeutic intervention. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
W2112242916 | What can we learn from high-resolution numerical simulations of single- and multi-phase fluid flow in fractured outcrop analogues? | Naturally fractured reservoirs (NFR), such as the large carbonate reservoirs in the Middle East, contain a major part of the world's remaining conventional oil reserves, but recovering these is especially challenging as the fractures only constitute fluid conduits while the oil is trapped in a low-permeability rock matrix. Recovery factors are therefore difficult to estimate, permeability anisotropy is high, size and shape of drainage areas are difficult to constrain, early water breakthrough is likely to be associated with a high and irreversible water cut, and secondary recovery behaviour is unusual. Outcrop-analogue model-based discrete fracture and matrix (DFM) simulations have emerged recently, helping us to disentangle and rationalize this erratic production behaviour. They allow us to understand the emergent flow behaviour and resulting saturation patterns in NFRs. Thus, classical simulation approaches, such as dual-continua conceptualizations, can be critically evaluated and improved where they fail to capture the flow behaviour of interest. This paper discusses recent advances in DFM simulation of single- and multi-phase flow processes in geologically realistic outcrop-analogue models, and solved with finite-element (FE) and finite-volume (FV) methods. It also reviews key results from recent DFM simulation studies, in particular how new measures such as the fracture-matrix flux ratio and velocity spectra can provide new means to analyse flow behaviour in heterogeneous domains or how results from outcrop-based simulations can be used to test the suitability of conventional upscaling approaches for NFR and guide the development of new ones. We close by enlisting outstanding challenges in outcrop-based flow simulations such as the need to capture the fracture-matrix transfer processes due to capillary, gravity and viscous forces accurately, which often implies detailed grid refinement at the fracture-matrix interface and small time-steps to resolve the physical processes adequately. Thus, we explore how outcrop-based flow simulation could be applied more routinely in NFR reservoir characterization and simulation workflows. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
268888 | Membrane sensors in the Arf orbit | Cellular organelles are continuously remodelled by numerous cytosolic proteins that associate transiently with their lipid membrane. Some distort the bilayer, others change its composition, extract lipids or bridge membranes at distance. Previous works from my laboratory have underlined the importance of membrane sensors, i.e. elements within proteins that help to organize membrane-remodelling events by sensing the physical and chemical state of the underlying membrane. A membrane sensor is not necessarily of well-folded domain that interacts with a specific lipid polar head: some intrinsically unfolded motifs harboring deceptively simple sequences can display remarkable membrane adhesive properties. Among these are some amphipathic helices: the ALPS motif with a polar face made mostly by small uncharged polar residues, the Spo20 helix with several histidines in its polar face and, like a mirror image of the ALPS motif, the alpha-synuclein helix with very small hydrophobic residues. Using biochemistry and molecular dynamics, we will compare the membrane binding properties of these sequences (effect of curvature, charge, lipid unsaturation); using bioinformatics we will look for new motifs, using cell biology we will assess the adaptation of these motifs to the physical and chemical features of organelle membranes. Concurrently, we will use reconstitution approaches on artificial membranes to dissect how membrane sensors contribute to the organization of vesicle tethering by golgins and sterol transport by ORP proteins. We surmise that the combination of a molecular ¿switch¿, a small G protein of the Arf family, and of membrane sensors permit to organize these complex reactions in time and in space. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1007/978-3-319-66709-6_11 | Recurrent Residual Learning For Action Recognition | Action recognition is a fundamental problem in computer vision with a lot of potential applications such as video surveillance, human computer interaction, and robot learning. Given pre-segmented videos, the task is to recognize actions happening within videos. Historically, hand crafted video features were used to address the task of action recognition. With the success of Deep ConvNets as an image analysis method, a lot of extensions of standard ConvNets were purposed to process variable length video data. In this work, we propose a novel recurrent ConvNet architecture called recurrent residual networks to address the task of action recognition. The approach extends ResNet, a state of the art model for image classification. While the original formulation of ResNet aims at learning spatial residuals in its layers, we extend the approach by introducing recurrent connections that allow to learn a spatio-temporal residual. In contrast to fully recurrent networks, our temporal connections only allow a limited range of preceding frames to contribute to the output for the current frame, enabling efficient training and inference as well as limiting the temporal context to a reasonable local range around each frame. On a large-scale action recognition dataset, we show that our model improves over both, the standard ResNet architecture and a ResNet extended by a fully recurrent layer. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
W2063855390 | Research of Product Oil Demand Forecast Based on the Combination Forecast Method | The demand forecast is very necessary during the process of product oil supply because the distribution of product oil consumer market is not balanced in our country, in order to respond to market demand in time, so that, the enterprise not only keep the balance of the supply and demand of product oil by the production planning according to the information of the timely market demand forecast, but also can reduce cost of the product transportation and inventory. Now the product oil demand is forecasted in this paper by the combination forecast method based on the arithmetic average, moving average, index smoothing method. Through comprehensive use of the demand forecasting methods, we can reduce the prediction error and improve the precision of requirement forecast, and a group of optimal solution will be selected in these several forecasting methods. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
W2483763119 | Zircon U–Pb and Lu–Hf isotopic and whole-rock geochemical constraints on the Lanhe and Heichashan Groups: Implications for the Paleoproterozoic tectonic basin evolution of the Lüliang Complex | Abstract The Luliang Complex is located at the western margin of the middle segment of the Trans-North China Orogen, along which the Western and Eastern Blocks collided to form the North China Craton. The complex mainly consists of metamorphosed granitic plutons and supracrustal rocks, of which the latter are subdivided into the Jiehekou, Luliang, Yejishan, Lanhe and Heichashan Groups. The Lanhe Group is composed of meta-conglomerates, quartzites, and phyllites with minor meta-basalts, whereas the Heichashan Group consists of molasse-like meta-conglomerates and coarse-grained quartzites. Geochemistry of the Yejishan meta-sedimentary rocks indicates weak source weathering and dominantly chemical immature features, whereas the Lanhe and Heichashan samples display opposite features. U–Pb ages of detrital zircons from the Lanhe Groups yield four age peaks at ~ 2180 Ma, ~ 2370 Ma, ~ 2520 Ma and ~ 2700 Ma. The former three peaks coincide with ages of the Chijianling–Guandishan TTG gneisses (2199–2151 Ma) and meta-volcanic rocks from the Luliang and Yejishan Groups (2213–2156 Ma), age of the Gaijiazhuang porphyritic gneisses (2375–2364 Ma) and age of the Yunzhongshan TTG gneisses (2499 Ma) respectively, whereas detrital zircons forming the oldest age peak were most likely derived from the early Neoarchean crust of the Eastern Block. For the Heichashan Group, the dominant 2.2–2.0 Ga detrital zircons were probably recycled from the underlying Jiehekou Group and the minority is directly derived from the early Paleoproterozoic granitoids in the Luliang Complex. The youngest detrital zircon age peaks of ~ 2.17 Ga and ~ 1.82 Ga place maximum depositional ages on the Lanhe and Heichashan Groups respectively, whereas the local 1.81–1.79 Ga massive granites place constraint on their minimum depositional ages. Taking into account the lithostratigraphic features, provenance and formation ages, we suggest that the Lanhe Group formed in a shrinked remnant back-arc basin and the Heichashan Group was deposited in a foreland basin. Conversion of the tectonic basin from the middle Paleoproterozoic back-arc basin to the late Paleoproterozoic foreland basin is well consistent with the model that the single collision to form the basement of the North China Craton happened at ~ 1.85 Ga. | [
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1016/j.jctb.2012.05.004 | Disjoint cycles intersecting a set of vertices | A classic theorem of Erdos and Pósa states that there exists a constant c such that for all positive integers k and graphs G, either G contains k vertex disjoint cycles, or there exists a subset of at most cklogk vertices intersecting every cycle of G. We consider the following generalization of the problem: fix a subset S of vertices of G. An S-cycle is a cycle containing at least one vertex of S. We show that again there exists a constant c ' such that G either contains k disjoint S-cycles, or there exists a set of at most c 'klogk vertices intersecting every S-cycle. The proof yields an algorithm for finding either the disjoint S-cycles or the set of vertices intersecting every S-cycle. An immediate consequence is an O(logn)-approximation algorithm for finding disjoint S-cycles. | [
"Mathematics",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1007/978-3-319-96145-3_4 | Foundations And Tools For The Static Analysis Of Ethereum Smart Contracts | The recent growth of the blockchain technology market puts its main cryptocurrencies in the spotlight. Among them, Ethereum stands out due to its virtual machine (EVM) supporting smart contracts, i. e. , distributed programs that control the flow of the digital currency Ether. Being written in a Turing complete language, Ethereum smart contracts allow for expressing a broad spectrum of financial applications. The price for this expressiveness, however, is a significant semantic complexity, which increases the risk of programming errors. Recent attacks exploiting bugs in smart contract implementations call for the design of formal verification techniques for smart contracts. This, however, requires rigorous semantic foundations, a formal characterization of the expected security properties, and dedicated abstraction techniques tailored to the specific EVM semantics. This work will overview the state-of-the-art in smart contract verification, covering formal semantics, security definitions, and verification tools. We will then focus on EtherTrust [1], a framework for the static analysis of Ethereum smart contracts which includes the first complete small-step semantics of EVM bytecode, the first formal characterization of a large class of security properties for smart contracts, and the first static analysis for EVM bytecode that comes with a proof of soundness. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
W4281848532 | A Ação Popular como Objeto de Estudo em Teses e Dissertações no Brasil: Um Balanço da Produção Acadêmica (2010-2019) | No Brasil, a Ação Popular (AP) é uma garantia constitucional, com previsão no art. 5º, LXXIII, e confere a qualquer cidadão a legitimidade na provocação do Judiciário para a proteção do patrimônio público. O presente artigo apresenta um balanço da produção científica nacional, especificamente das teses de doutorado e dissertações de mestrado, dos últimos dez anos, sobre a Ação Popular. Sistematiza e analisa, a partir do Catálogo de Teses e Dissertações da CAPES, os trabalhos que elegeram o instituto como objeto central de estudo e investiga de que forma o abordaram. A partir dos dados encontrados, o procedimento de análise consistiu em caracterizar as pesquisas a partir de categorias temáticas, além de ter explicitado outras informações, como regime jurídico das instituições de ensino, distribuição por região geográfica e metodologia utilizada. Como principal resultado identificou-se a baixa produção acadêmica em relação ao tema, concentrando-se em instituições privadas de ensino, no Sudeste e Sul do país, e nos cursos de mestrado. | [
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
interreg_2697 | Innovative value chain development for sustainable plastics in Central Europe | Capability for the diffusion of innovative biodegradable solutions among producers of packaging and other plastic products is dependent on the expectations of end-user industries (food sector, retail, medical and health sector). As long as these players are not convinced of the economic and environmental benefits of introducing biodegradable packaging and half products in their production systems, the critical mass for making bioplastics affordable cannot be reached. Moreover, due to the fact that misleading information on bioplastics has entered the market a lot of mistrust among the end-users arose.
To break this circle of mistrust and in order to find the critical mass for implementation of innovative environmentally-friendlier solution a systemic approach is needed within the Central Europe. The project PLASTICE enters with its idea directly in this point. By enabling intensification of interactions between demand and supply sides and by developing and implementing new tools in packaging, the project will path the way to new product applications and diffusion of innovation processes. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1109/RE.2009.34 | Reasoning On Non Functional Requirements For Integrated Services | We focus on non-functional requirements for applications offered by service integrators; i. e. , software that delivers service by composing services, independently developed, managed, and evolved by other service providers. In particular, we focus on requirements expressed in a probabilistic manner, such as reliability or performance. We illustrate a unified approach—a method and its support tools—which facilitates reasoning about requirements satisfaction as the system evolves dynamically. The approach relies on run-time monitoring and uses the data collected by the probes to detect if the behavior of the open environment in which the application is situated, such as usage profile or the external services currently bound to the application, deviates from the initially stated assumptions and whether this can lead to a failure of the application. This is achieved by keeping a model of the application alive at run time, automatically updating its parameters to re?ect changes in the external world, and using the model’s predictive capabilities to anticipate future failures, thus enabling suitable recovery plans. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
759063 | Development of a Novel Computational Toolbox for Stochastic Electronic Structure in Chemistry and Condensed Matter | Atomistic computational modelling is increasingly an integral component of almost all areas of chemistry, physics and materials science, especially as its predictive ability improves. However, not all systems are equal when it comes to the predictive capabilities of current methods, and many systems are too large or many-body effects too complex to be routinely tractable. The result is that the promise of ‘materials by design’, deduction of reaction pathways or routine simulation on a par with experimental accuracy has not in general come to fruition. This ambitious proposal aims to address this, with development of a suite of novel approaches to stochastically sample the wavefunction. Recent work by the PI has already made huge strides in this direction, with an emerging approach in quantum chemical space having remarkable success for accurate solutions of small problems. Here, we first propose a number of novel developments to order to extend this approach from a tool for small systems to a widespread disruptive technology, with application to a variety of challenging problems. This involves development of the scope, scaling, accuracy and capabilities of this sampling, including admitting time-dependent, spectral and relativistic extensions. Next, we aim to take the successful philosophy of this sampling and exploit its powerful approach in order to reformulate a number of well-established electronic structure tools. Allowing stochasticity has the potential to yield low-scaling formulations of these methods, able to naturally exploit inherent sparsity, and have a revolutionary impact on their use and success. This proposal is highly interdisciplinary, spanning a range of applications and techniques in quantum chemistry, condensed matter and materials science, brought together under the banner of exploiting inherent sparsity by establishing a new paradigm of stochastic tools for correlated electrons, with the opportunity for tremendous impact in a number of fields. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
US 2019/0062279 W | RACK AND HOIST SYSTEM | A rack and a hoist system. The rack is L-shaped with a first planar floor/leg and a second planar floor/foot, which is a solid plate. The first floor has three pairs of wheels with the middle pair larger than the other pairs and a mount to couple to the hoist via a hooked line that couples to a double-hooked line that hooks into apertures through paired mounting plates near the top end of the leg. The foot includes a tag-line mount from which a tag-line may be mounted to help guide movement thereof using the hoist. The foot includes wheels such that when the first floor is tipped up while being lifted, the wheels of the foot engage with the surface while the wheels on the leg are disengaging. There are flanking posts, strap structures, and flanking plates that help to secure the load (e.g. rebars, pipes, and sheet rock) | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.3150/13-BEJ548 | Optimal Filtering And The Dual Process | We link optimal filtering for hidden Markov models to the notion of duality for Markov processes. We show that when the signal is dual to a process that has two components, one deterministic and one a pure death process, and with respect to functions that define changes of measure conjugate to the emission density, the filtering distributions evolve in the family of finite mixtures of such measures and the filter can be computed at a cost that is polynomial in the number of observations. Special cases of our framework include the Kalman filter, and computable filters for the Cox–Ingersoll–Ross process and the one-dimensional Wright–Fisher process, which have been investigated before. The dual we obtain for the Cox–Ingersoll–Ross process appears to be new in the literature. | [
"Mathematics",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
949804 | From hydrocarbons to original chiral building blocks: new solutions for sustainable & asymmetric CH functionalization of alkanes | Over the last decade, major environmental concerns, a growing worldwide population and an increasing energy demand, combined with the depletion of natural resources, have become crucial issues. Sustainable chemistry-ably to supply society with key chemical products in an eco-compatible manner-has therefore rapidly become an urgent challenge. The AlCHiMIE aims at providing new solutions towards this important defy by developing a set of complementary approaches to convert hydrocarbons, the simplest feedstock, into high value-added chiral alkanes-essential building blocks for medicinal chemistry. Two approaches are thus proposed. First, undirected, metal-free functionalization of hydrocarbons will be achieved by means of regio- and stereo-selective hypervalent bromine-enabled C-H functionalization. This unique reactivity will be attaint by discovering a largely uncharted, yet extremely appealing field of bromanes. The second approach concerns earth-abundant metal-catalyzed C(sp3)-H activation. To obviate the inherent difficulties of this field, namely the low reactivity of alkanes and arduous stereoinduction while using 3d metals, I will develop bifunctional ligands for Co- and Ni-catalyzed C-H activation. In addition to the role of metal coordination, these ligands featuring a second coordinating motif, will enhance the metallation event and will promote the substrate’s activation, thus unlocking the door towards previously inaccessible modes of reactivity. The combination of both strategies will allow unprecedented hydrocarbon valorization by means of undirected, hypervalent bromine-enabled first functionalization followed by exploiting the newly installed coordinating motif to promote directed, asymmetric Co- and Ni-catalyzed C-H activations. Finally, I will also endeavor in establishing new reactivities arising from the application of diversely substituted hypervalent bromines as coupling partners in enantioselective Co- and Ni-catalyzed C-H activations. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.3233/SW-2012-0085 | Order Matters Harnessing A World Of Orderings For Reasoning Over Massive Data | More and more applications require real-time processing of massive, dynamically generated, ordered data; order is an essential factor as it reflects recency or relevance. Semantic technologies risk being unable to meet the needs of such applications, as they are not equipped with the appropriate instruments for answering queries over massive, highly dynamic, ordered data sets. In this vision paper, we argue that some data management techniques should be exported to the context of semantic technologies, by integrating ordering with reasoning, and by using methods which are inspired by stream and rank-aware data management. We systematically explore the problem space, and point both to problems which have been successfully approached and to problems which still need fundamental research, in an attempt to stimulate and guide a paradigm shift in semantic technologies. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1364/OE.25.003347 | Angular Phase Unwrapping Of Optically Thick Objects With A Thin Dimension | We present a new phase unwrapping approach, which allows reconstruction of optically thick objects that are optically thin from at least one viewing angle, by considering the information stored in the object phase maps captured from consecutive angles. Our algorithm combines 1-D phase unwrapping in the angular dimension with conventional 2-D phase unwrapping, to achieve unwrapping of the object from the optically thick perspective. We thus obtain quantitative phase imaging of objects that were previously impossible to image in certain viewing angles. To demonstrate our approach, we present both numerical simulation and experimental results for quantitative phase imaging of biological cells. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1093/em/caw075 | Biblical commentary in the Old Hispanic liturgy: A Passiontide case study | Old Hispanic (Mozarabic) chant was sung on the Iberian Peninsula until the 11th century. Although thousands of notated chants survive, for the whole liturgical year, almost all of them are in unpitched notation. The meaning of this music is best accessed first through its texts, reading them in the light of the other liturgical elements that surrounded them, and through the traditions of biblical exegesis that were known on the Iberian Peninsula. This better positions us to analyse the notation and how it might relate to the text. Through this method, as we show in a case study of one simple Lenten Office, we can begin to form a picture of what the chant texts meant to participants in the liturgy and how the melodies helped to convey this meaning. | [
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Texts and Concepts"
]
|
176539 | Global inheritances: personal identification and inheritance rights in the early modern spanish empire | The aim of the project is to study the ways in which the institutions of the early modern Spanish Empire identified the legitimate heirs of mobile individuals coming from the Iberian peninsula who died suddenly, often without making a will, while they were in the monarchy’s extra-European territories, thousands of kilometres away from their home towns and the places where their heirs lived. In the context of a global scale empire, and in the absence of reliable official documentation such as civil and property registers, both the property and identity of these mobile individuals was extremely uncertain. Who were the deceased? What property did they own? Who and where were their heirs? When they died thousands of kilometres away from Europe, how did the institutions transmit the inheritance to their legitimate heirs? How could the courts be sure who they were? How could heirs demonstrate their identities in order to safeguard their rights to succession? For those hundreds of thousands of subjects of the Catholic Monarchy now on the move around four different continents – and for their families too – identifying themselves and demonstrating their identities was an urgent and growing need.
Demonstrating their identities in court was a fundamental pre requisite for heirs claiming inherited property and, even more importantly, ensuring legitimate property inheritance was a central priority of the institutions themselves. Over the course of the sixteenth century, in fact, the Catholic Monarchy set up specific courts, the so-called ""Juzgados de Bienes de Difuntos"" (courts charged with handling the estates of the dead), to take temporary possession of goods left without owners and for the purposes of identifying their legitimate heirs. This project will analyse the extraordinary and as yet little used documentation produced by these courts and concentrate its attention on the case of colonial Mexico, a crucible of empire building. | [
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
101001124 | Universality of random planar maps and trees | The PI proposes to study a variety of open problems involving random planar maps and trees. This is a booming field at the intersection of probability, geometry, statistical physics, combinatorics and complex analysis. It has grown tremendously in the last two decades, in depth and breadth, and has seen breakthroughs on long-standing classical problems.
The PI's first goal is to study the universality of embedded random planar maps and prove their convergence to what is known as Liouville quantum gravity, a class of random surfaces predicted by physicists to be the universal limit to such discrete random surfaces. Various map embedding mechanisms will be studied such as harmonic embedding, square-tiling, circle packing and others. The second goal is to solve problems concerning stochastic processes (such as random walks, percolation and the Ising model) on embedded random planar maps. This will shed light on the behavior of the same stochastic processes on regular lattices (such as the square or triangular grids) due to the non-rigorous Knizhnik-Polyakov-Zamolodchikov correspondence, a conjectural formula from the physics literature relating the behavior of critical statistical physics models on random lattices to their behavior on regular lattices. We will gain progress on these inspiring yet non-rigorous predictions by developing various probabilistic, geometric and complex analytic tools aimed to show that instabilities in the embeddings cancel out due to the randomness of the planar maps.
This project has the potential to lead to the solution of the most central problems in two-dimensional statistical physics, such as estimating the typical displacement of the self-avoiding walk, proving conformal invariance for critical percolation on the square lattice and many others. | [
"Mathematics",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
10.2138/am.2014.4689 | High-pressure behavior of thiospinel CuCr<inf>2</inf>S<inf>4</inf> | This study reports for the first time the lattice parameters and the complete crystal structure evolution with increasing pressure for a thiospinel with composition CuCr1. 7V0. 3S4 (space group Fd3̄m) measured by single-crystal X-ray diffraction as a function of pressure up to 7 GPa. The P-V data are adequately described to a fourth-order Birch-Murnaghan equation of state with the following coefficients: V0 = 947. 86(6) Å3, KT0 = 88(1), and K' = 6. 3(9), K? = -1. 1(4). This is the first time that the compressibility behavior of a spinel structure has been described by a fourth-order Birch-Murnaghan equation of state. The unit-cell volume shows a compression of about 6. 3% over the entire pressure range investigated. The crystal structure evolution clearly indicates that the main compression mechanism is related to the compression of the CuS4 tetrahedron, which is significantly greater than the CrS6 octahedron. The tetrahedral volume decreases by 7. 8% over the pressure range studied while the octahedral volume decreases by 5. 5%. The change in the octahedral volume is accompanied by a decrease in the angular distortion of the CrS6 octahedra. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1093/mnras/staa518 | The ASAS-SN catalogue of variable stars – VII. Contact binaries are different above and below the Kraft break | ABSTRACT We characterize ${\sim } 71\, 200$ W Ursae Majoris (UMa) type (EW) contact binaries, including ${\sim } 12\, 600$ new discoveries, using All-Sky Automated Survey for SuperNovae (ASAN-SN)V-band all-sky light curves along with archival data from Gaia, 2MASS, AllWISE, LAMOST, GALAH, RAVE, and APOGEE. There is a clean break in the EW period–luminosity relation at $\rm \log (\it P/{\rm d})\,{\simeq }\,{\rm -0. 30}$, separating the longer period, early-type EW binaries from the shorter period, late-type systems. The two populations are even more cleanly separated in the space of period and effective temperature, by $T_{\rm eff}=6710\,{\rm K}-1760\,{\rm K}\, \log (P/0. 5\,{\rm d})$. Early-type and late-type EW binaries follow opposite trends in Teff with orbital period. For longer periods, early-type EW binaries are cooler, while late-type systems are hotter. We derive period–luminosity relationships in the WJK, V, Gaia DR2 G, J, H, Ks, and W1 bands for the late-type and early-type EW binaries separated by both period and effective temperature, and by period alone. The dichotomy of contact binaries is almost certainly related to the Kraft break and the related changes in envelope structure, winds, and angular momentum loss. | [
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
2721460 | Copernicus for urban resilience in europe | Resilience has become an important necessity for cities, particularly in the face of climate change. Mitigation and adaptation actions that enhance the resilience of cities need to be based on a sound understanding and quantification of the drivers of urban transformation and settlement structures, human and urban vulnerability, and of local and global climate change. Copernicus, as the means for the establishment of a European capacity for Earth Observation (EO), is based on continuously evolving Core Services. A major challenge for the EO community is the innovative exploitation of the Copernicus products in dealing with urban sustainability towards increasing urban resilience. Due to the multidimensional nature of urban resilience, to meet this challenge, information from more than one Copernicus Core Services, namely the Land Monitoring Service (CLMS), the Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS), the Climate Change Service (C3S) and the Emergency Management Service (EMS), is needed. Furthermore, to address urban resilience, the urban planning community needs spatially disaggregated environmental information at local (neighbourhood) and city scales. Such information, for all parameters needed, is not yet directly available from the Copernicus Core Services mentioned above, while several elements - data and products - from contemporary satellite missions consist valuable tools for retrieving urban environmental parameters at local scale.
The H2020-Space project CURE (Copernicus for Urban Resilience in Europe) is a joint effort of 10 partners from 9 countries that synergistically exploits the above Copernicus Core Services to develop an umbrella cross-cutting application for urban resilience, consisting of individual cross-cutting applications for climate change adaptation/mitigation, energy and economy, as well as healthy cities and social environments, at several European cities. These cross-cutting applications cope with the required scale and granularity by also integrating or exploiting third-party data, in-situ observations and modelling. CURE uses DIAS (Data and Information Access Services) to develop a system capable of supporting operational applications and downstream services across Europe. The CURE system hosts the developed cross-cutting applications, enabling its incorporation into operational services in the future.
CURE is expected to increase the value of Copernicus Core Services for future emerging applications in the domain of urban resilience, exploiting also the improved data quality, coverage and revisit times of the future satellite missions. Thus, CURE will lead to more efficient routine urban planning activities with obvious socioeconomic impact, as well as to more efficient resilience planning activities related to climate change mitigation and adaptation, resulting in improved thermal comfort and air quality, as well as in enhanced energy efficiency. The CURE impact is maximized by developing synergies with EuroGEOSS and Climate-KIC, as well as by exploring the conditions under which, specific CURE outcomes could be integrated into the operational Copernicus service portfolio. The added value and benefit expected to emerge from CURE is related to transformed urban governance and quality of life, because it is expected to provide improved and integrated information to city administrators, hence effectively supporting strategies for resilience planning at local and city scales, towards the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals and the New Urban Agenda for Europe. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1111/pce.12322 | Bidirectional exchange of biogenic volatiles with vegetation: Emission sources, reactions, breakdown and deposition | Biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions are widely modelled as inputs to atmospheric chemistry simulations. However, BVOC may interact with cellular structures and neighbouring leaves in a complex manner during volatile diffusion from the sites of release to leaf boundary layer and during turbulent transport to the atmospheric boundary layer. Furthermore, recent observations demonstrate that the BVOC emissions are bidirectional, and uptake and deposition of BVOC and their oxidation products are the rule rather than the exception. This review summarizes current knowledge of within-leaf reactions of synthesized volatiles with reactive oxygen species (ROS), uptake, deposition and storage of volatiles, and their oxidation products as driven by adsorption on leaf surface and solubilization and enzymatic detoxification inside leaves. The available evidence indicates that because of the reactions with ROS and enzymatic metabolism, the BVOC gross production rates are much larger than previously thought. The degree to which volatiles react within leaves and can be potentially taken up by vegetation depends upon compound reactivity, physicochemical characteristics, as well as upon their participation in leaf metabolism. We argue that future models should be based upon the concept of bidirectional BVOC exchange and consider modification of BVOC sink/source strengths by within-leaf metabolism and storage. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1016/j.alcr.2014.01.002 | Homeownership in later life - Does divorce matter? | This paper evaluates whether the experience of marital breakdown during the life course is associated with the likelihood of exiting from homeownership, and whether this association varies across Europe. In line with previous research on the short- and medium-term housing and economic consequences of divorce, we find that for European men and women alike, this life event is associated with a lower likelihood of being a homeowner in later life. This negative association furthermore varies across institutional contexts, as indicated by: the housing regime (in particular access to mortgage credit); welfare state support; and female employment. In a context of increasing divorce rates and a stronger reliance on housing wealth as a form of welfare provision, our findings may have important policy implications. In many countries, homeownership forms part of the pension mix and hence contributes to economic security. Other benefits relate to housing quality, security of tenure and independence. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
10.1021/acs.jcim.8b00256 | High-Throughput Screening Approach for the Optoelectronic Properties of Conjugated Polymers | We propose a general high-throughput virtual screening approach for the optical and electronic properties of conjugated polymers. This approach makes use of the recently developed xTB family of low-computational-cost density functional tight-binding methods from Grimme and co-workers, calibrated here to (Time-Dependent) Density Functional Theory ((TD)DFT) data computed for a representative diverse set of (co)polymers. Parameters drawn from the resulting calibration using a linear model can then be applied to the xTB derived results for new polymers, thus generating near DFT-quality data with orders of magnitude reduction in computational cost. As a result, after an initial computational investment for calibration, this approach can be used to quickly and accurately screen on the order of thousands of polymers for target applications. We also demonstrate that the (opto)electronic properties of the conjugated polymers show only a very minor variation when considering different conformers and that the results of high-throughput screening are therefore expected to be relatively insensitive with respect to the conformer search methodology applied. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
Q4574798 | Digital transformation by introducing new technologies at SALIX INTERNATIONAL a.s. | The aim of the project is to grow and strengthen the competitiveness of a small business through digital transformation. As a result of the implementation of the project, the region in which the company operates will be developed. The project will include the acquisition of four new technologies and management systems, which will ultimately form a single whole set, consisting of both non-production and production technologies. All of them will include “Industry 4.0” elements. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
614879 | New Directions for Monetary Policy Analysis | The research under this proposal aims at a better understanding of monetary policy in light of the recent events following the financial crisis. There are three main objectives. The first is to study monetary policy in models where financial securities have different liquidity properties which could vary over time and be subject to sudden changes. The new framework will address the mechanisms at the root of the financial crisis and its propagation to real economic activity and at the same time study the appropriate policy responses and the forthcoming exit strategies. The second objective aims at extending the analyses of optimal monetary policy to abnormal times where deleveraging or liquidity shocks bring the nominal interest rate to the zero lower bound and more unconventional policies are needed. The third objective is directed to study open-economy models where the liquidity properties of financial securities affect the conduct of monetary policy, as in a currency area in which sovereign debt of some countries loses its safe-asset status or in small open economies challenged by imperfect credibility in the domestic fiat-money system. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1016/j.cub.2015.06.035 | Representation of Numerical and Sequential Patterns in Macaque and Human Brains | The ability to extract deep structures from auditory sequences is a fundamental prerequisite of language acquisition. Using fMRI in untrained macaques and humans, we investigated the brain areas involved in representing two abstract properties of a series of tones: total number of items and tone-repetition pattern. Both species represented the number of tones in intraparietal and dorsal premotor areas and the tone-repetition pattern in ventral prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia. However, we observed a joint sensitivity to both parameters only in humans, within bilateral inferior frontal and superior temporal regions. In the left hemisphere, those sites coincided with areas involved in language processing. Thus, while some abstract properties of auditory sequences are available to non-human primates, a recently evolved circuit may endow humans with a unique ability for representing linguistic and non-linguistic sequences in a unified manner. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
W1459929041 | A study of the origins anddevelopment of Great WarMemorials in the County ofGloucestershire (1917-1933) | Building upon the work of key writers such as Jay Winter and Robert Bushaway, this work
examines the memorials of the First World War as historic structures and records the local
monuments’ origins and original purpose within the county of Gloucestershire in contrast to
previous work on war memorialisation which has focused more on the role of the
monument in reflecting and strengthening national identity. After an initial county-wide survey,
three in-depth case studies of different sized communities, (the village of Cam, the town of
Cirencester and the City of Gloucester), are used to analyse the factors that most significantly
influenced the location, form, and timing of the erection of different war memorials at these
locations.
In addition to considering the significance of community over national factors, the study
explores the importance of different community size and of the groups within those
communities that most significantly determined memorial construction, including the
bereaved, the church and local government, and servicemen and ex-servicemen. Further, the
study examines the different memorial forms considered such as non-secular and secular,
monumental and utilitarian forms and other factors such as location, iconography, and the
form of the Roll of Honour in the development of memorials that were acceptable to the local
populations.
The research has drawn upon many previous academic studies on the subject of Great War
memorialisation, focusing on the historical perspective to compare how local memorials were
used in commemoration and how they maintained significance at local memorial sites within
the County of Gloucestershire. Through the analysis of this local involvement of the
generation at the time in the development process, the conclusion provides insight as to
whether the local war memorial’s role continues to provide the intended importance and
understanding as a place of local or national significance. | [
"The Study of the Human Past",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
10.1007/s10858-013-9717-y | Structure of hen egg-white lysozyme solvated in TFE/water: A molecular dynamics simulation study based on NMR data | Various experimental studies of hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) in water and TFE/water clearly indicate structural differences between the native state and TFE state of HEWL, e. g. the helical content of the protein in the TFE state is much higher than in the native state. However, the available detailed NMR studies were not sufficient to determine fully a structure of HEWL in the TFE state. Different molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, i. e. at room temperature, at increased temperature and using proton-proton distance restraints derived from NMR NOE data, have been used to generate configurational ensembles corresponding to the TFE state of HEWL. The configurational ensemble obtained at room temperature using atom-atom distance restraints measured for HEWL in TFE/water solution satisfies the experimental data and has the lowest protein energy. In this ensemble residues 50-58, which are part of the β-sheet in native HEWL, adopt fluctuating α-helical secondary structure. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
643614 | A multilevel integrative approach to microbial ecology: from molecular networks to cellular interactions in a spatially structured community | Microbial communities profoundly influence global biogeochemical cycles and human life. Understanding their wiring is crucial to manage, rationally manipulate, or de novo assemble communities for environmental, industrial or medical applications. However, studying the complex web of microbial interactions and how they are affected by the spatial structure of the community is experimentally challenging. Here, I propose an integrative approach to dissect microbial interactions in a synthetic community consisting of two bacterial species of the human gut microbiota, the commensal Escherichia coli and the probiotic lactic acid bacterium Lactobacillus plantarum. These two species were predicted to engage in exploitative and mutualistic metabolic interactions depending on oxygen availability and provide an experimentally tractable and possibly health-relevant model community. I will employ a combination of highly sensitive quantitative analyses on the molecular level (proteomics, metabolomics, CRISPR/Cas9 genetic perturbations) with quantitative analyses on the individual cell and community level (cellular growth rates and spatial organization) to obtain a comprehensive mechanistic understanding of the interactions between the two species. The multilayered nature of the approach, including the conceptualization of the interactions with a mathematical model, is expected to provide novel insights into the fundamental principles underlying microbial interactions and how they are affected by the environment. Furthermore, a detailed understanding of the molecular interactions of L. plantarum with other gut residents could inform the rational modulation of the gut microbiome to treat diseases associated with dysbiosis. This fellowship would have a major impact on my career by facilitating re-integration into the European research landscape. It would allow me to acquire a unique and competitive scientific profile and to establish my own niche in the field of microbial ecology. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering"
]
|
10.1111/j.1467-9523.2010.00520.x | Veterinary Realities: What is Foot and Mouth Disease? | Veterinary science draws on different traditions for knowing and acting, and mobilises different kinds of materials and techniques. This article explores these differences and their tensions for the diagnosis of foot and mouth disease in the UK in 2001. It shows that when they talk of foot and mouth disease, different veterinary traditions refer to the different objects. The clinic looks for deviances in animals, the laboratory detects the presence or otherwise of virus, while epidemiology focuses on patterns of transmission in populations. Despite the fact that they use the same word, clinic, lab and epidemiology are each involved with their own specific ontological variant of 'the' disease. At the same time other figures and configurations shift with the disease. This means that it is not possible to map different versions of foot and mouth disease onto a background of shared co-ordinates. So in 2001 clinic, lab and epidemiology diagnosed foot and mouth disease mobilising different kinds of materials, the entities inhabiting these practices had different qualities and they operated in different ways. Even time lines and spatial relations changed. Such differences are usually treated as a matter of perspective: it is assumed that everyone is looking at a single world. The article challenges this assumption by arguing that different veterinary traditions draw upon and contribute to different worlds in the plural. This shift makes it easier to explore the strengths of these worlds, their drawbacks and their limitations. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
219351 | Inspiring to create | I2C8 will start from the successful research carried out during the Lrn2Cre8 FET project and bring it closer to market, by exploiting results related to creativity and automatic music generation technologies. I2C8 will develop a new product for music chord generation and randomization, with intelligent and automatic features, aimed at the music production market.
I2C8 will empower electronic musicians, producers and DJs to enrich their creative palette and have a tool for interactive inspiration in their music-creation process by providing a ‘musical sketchpad’ able to quickly record musical ideas with the assistance of intelligent music algorithms.
Objective of I2C8 is to develop a product ready for market launch. Therefore, two main streams of activities will be carried out: 1. Integration and consolidation of relevant technologies (both developed during the FP7 project and owned by partners) into a standalone product, incorporating user-informed and market-generated requirements; 2. product development and market push activities.
These two streams of activities will be tightly integrated by adopting an iterative development process and fit within the objectives of the FET Launchpad.
The project will include two of the Lrn2Cre8 partners: RECO and EHU. RECO will lead the project, being an SME already selling successful music-creation software and with a strong user/market base. EHU, which is an International Excellence Research Campus in Spain, will provide the technical expertise and continuity with the key research topics carried out during the FET project. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1371/journal.pone.0104717 | Role of constitutive behavior and tumor-host mechanical interactions in the state of stress and growth of solid tumors | Mechanical forces play a crucial role in tumor patho-physiology. Compression of cancer cells inhibits their proliferation rate, induces apoptosis and enhances their invasive and metastatic potential. Additionally, compression of intratumor blood vessels reduces the supply of oxygen, nutrients and drugs, affecting tumor progression and treatment. Despite the great importance of the mechanical microenvironment to the pathology of cancer, there are limited studies for the constitutive modeling and the mechanical properties of tumors and on how these parameters affect tumor growth. Also, the contribution of the host tissue to the growth and state of stress of the tumor remains unclear. To this end, we performed unconfined compression experiments in two tumor types and found that the experimental stress-strain response is better fitted to an exponential constitutive equation compared to the widely used neo-Hookean and Blatz-Ko models. Subsequently, we incorporated the constitutive equations along with the corresponding values of the mechanical properties - calculated by the fit - to a biomechanical model of tumor growth. Interestingly, we found that the evolution of stress and the growth rate of the tumor are independent from the selection of the constitutive equation, but depend strongly on the mechanical interactions with the surrounding host tissue. Particularly, model predictions - in agreement with experimental studies - suggest that the stiffness of solid tumors should exceed a critical value compared with that of the surrounding tissue in order to be able to displace the tissue and grow in size. With the use of the model, we estimated this critical value to be on the order of 1. 5. Our results suggest that the direct effect of solid stress on tumor growth involves not only the inhibitory effect of stress on cancer cell proliferation and the induction of apoptosis, but also the resistance of the surrounding tissue to tumor expansion. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
US 67250108 A | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SUPPORTING MIPV6 SERVICE IN A WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORK | A method and apparatus for supporting a Mobile Internet Protocol (MIP) service based on Proxy Mobile IP (PMIP) in a portable Internet network is provided. In the method for supporting a MIP service based on PMIP in a portable Internet network including multiple subnets, a Portable Subscriber Station (PSS) performs an initial network entry procedure to a first subnet, and then acquires an IPv6 address that it uses as a Home of Address (HoA). A first Access Control Router (ACR) in the first subnet, configures an IPv6 address of the first ACR as a first Care of Address (CoA) of the PSS, and performs a MIPv6 registration procedure with a Home Agent (HA) using the HoA of the PSS and the first CoA. As a result, the PSS, even though it undergoes handover, has no need to perform a CoA acquisition procedure or its MIPv6-related procedure in the new subnet, making it possible to receive a seamless service without delay and packet loss for the ongoing service. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
175781 | Algorithmic approaches to spatially-informed information visualization | We propose a fellowship that will propel an outstanding young researcher and provide him with the skills, experiences and contacts that will enable him to develop into a key contributor to international and interdisciplinary research in an important emerging field that has wide application in commerce, government and industry.
Computational Geometry is largely theoretical whilst Information Visualization is broadly applied. The proposal focuses on a talented computational geometer, who has already begun working with colleagues and commercial organizations across the world to develop his research in an applied context with some success. It embeds him in a renowned Information Visualization group at CITY University London—an institution that is uniquely positioned both academically and geographically, with its portfolio of professional education and proximity to one of the world’s leading centres of technology-fuelled creative industry. The fellowship will provide access to academic expertise in a complimentary discipline, experience and training in research and entrepreneurship, and close collaboration with partners in industry and government.
This interdisciplinary research and training will equip an experienced researcher with the skills, experience and contacts to move an important applied discipline forward in the future. With a programme that draws upon formal provisions within CITY and takes advantage of existing contacts with partners in London from the commercial sector, the fellowship will: (1) add algorithmic rigour to Information Visualization design; (2) inform algorithmic design through access to other disciplines and practitioners; (3) provide the researcher with experience of new fields and practices; (4) bring two complimentary fields together and change disciplinary mindsets; (5) develop the researcher through experience and training in research, teaching and entrepreneurship and by developing his international network across disciplines and sectors. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1364/HILAS.2016.HM6B.6 | Cavity Enhanced High Harmonic Generation At 250 Mhz | We demonstrate a power improvement of two orders of magnitude to the nW-level for multi-MHz-repetition-rate high-harmonic generation in the 100-eV range, driven in an enhancement cavity by 30-fs, 10-kW average-power pulses at 250 MHz. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
716011 | Enlightening synaptic architecture: nanoscale segregation of glutamate receptor subtypes | Efficient neuronal communication lies at the heart of all cognitive functions, and synaptic dysfunction underlies mental disorders such as autism. However, although over the past decades many components of synapses have been characterized, it is unknown how these constituents are assembled within synapses, and how this organization contributes to synapse function. The overall aim of this proposal is to understand how excitatory synapses are built to efficiently control neuronal function. Specifically, I aim to reveal the molecular organization that controls glutamate receptor positioning. While AMPA-type glutamate receptors concentrate in nano-domains within the synaptic core that directly apposes the presynaptic release site, metabotropic glutamate receptors accumulate in a distinct perisynaptic domain considerably further from the release site. Despite that this organization critically controls synaptic transmission and plasticity, we know little about the mechanisms that underlie the spatial and temporal segregation of glutamate receptor subtypes into these distinct subsynaptic domains. To address this, I developed single-molecule imaging tools, a powerful dimerization system to control receptor positioning, and physiological read-outs of synapse function.
In this proposal I will combine innovative experimental and computational approaches, integrating single-molecule imaging with optical and electrophysiological measurements of neuronal function to:
1) elucidate the organizational principles that underlie the nano-compartmentalization of glutamate receptors at synapses, and
2) understand how the spatial distribution of receptor subtypes contributes to neuronal functioning.
This project will reveal how nanoscale synapse organization contributes to neuronal circuit function, and will help understand how synaptic disruption contributes to neurological disease mechanisms. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
10.1021/acs.est.6b04999 | Tropospheric GOM at the Pic du Midi observatory-correcting bias in denuder based observations | Gaseous elemental mercury (GEM, Hg) emissions are transformed to divalent reactive Hg (RM) forms throughout the troposphere and stratosphere. RM is often operationally quantified as the sum of particle bound Hg (PBM) and gaseous oxidized Hg (GOM). The measurement of GOM and PBM is challenging and under mounting criticism. Here we intercompare six months of automated GOM and PBM measurements using a Tekran (TK) KCl-coated denuder and quartz regenerable particulate filter method (GOMTK, PBMTK, and RMTK) with RMCEM collected on cation exchange membranes (CEMs) at the high altitude Pic du Midi Observatory. We find that RMTK is systematically lower by a factor of 1. 3 than RMCEM. We observe a significant relationship between GOMTK (but not PBMTK) and Tekran flushTK blanks suggesting significant loss (36%) of labile GOMTK from the denuder or inlet. Adding the flushTK blank to RMTK results in good agreement with RMCEM (slope = 1. 01, r2 = 0. 90) suggesting we can correct bias in RMTK and GOMTK. We provide a bias corrected (*) Pic du Midi data set for 2012−2014 that shows GOM* and RM* levels in dry free tropospheric air of 198 ± 57 and 229 ± 58 pg m−3 which agree well with in-flight observed RM and with model based GOM and RM estimates. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
W1550152336 | Game Changing Computational Engineering Technology | During the last two decades, giant strides have been achieved in many aspects of Computational Engineering. Higher-fidelity mathematical models, better approximation methods, and faster algorithms have been developed for many time-dependent applications. SIMD, SPMD, MIMD, coarse-grain, and fine-grain parallel processors have come and gone. Linux clusters are now ubiquitous, cores have replaced CEs, and GPUs have shattered computing speed barriers. Most importantly, the potential of high-fidelity physics-based simulations for providing deeper understanding of complex engineering systems and enhancing system performance has been recognized in almost every field of engineering. Yet, in many engineering applications, high-fidelity time-dependent numerical simulations are not performed as often as needed, or are more often performed in special circumstances than routinely. The reason is very simple: these simulations remain too computationally intensive for time-critical operations such as design, design optimization, and active control. Consequently, the impact of computational sciences on such operations has yet to materialize. Petascale or exascale computing alone is unlikely to make this happen. Achieving this objective demands instead a game-changing computational technology that bridges both ends of the computing spectrum. This talk will attempt to make the case for this pressing need and outline a candidate computational technology for filling it that is based on model reduction, machine learning concepts, trained data bases, and rigorous interpolation methods. It will also illustrate it with preliminary results obtained from its application to the support of the flutter flight testing of a fighter aircraft and the aerodynamic optimization of Formula 1 car. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
638494 | Plastic in agricultural production: impacts, lifecycles and long-term sustainability | PAPILLONS will elucidate ecological and socioeconomic sustainability of agricultural plastics (APs) in relation to releases and impacts of micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) in European soils. We will advance knowledge on sources, behaviour and impacts through cross-disciplinary research, bringing together scientists from chemistry, materials engineering, agronomy, soil ecology, toxicology and social sciences. We will transform the scientific knowledge generated into guidance on specific solutions by applying a Multi-actor approach, involving actors in the agricultural and policy sector and world-leading industries. This will enable co-creation of knowledge and provide the scientific background to enable policy, agricultural and industrial innovation towards sustainable farm production systems.
We will deliver the first digital European atlas of AP use, management and waste production to estimate sources of MNP to agricultural soils. We will run integrative studies at laboratory, mesocosm and field scales in different parts of Europe to address: occurrence of AP-derived MNPs; MNP behaviour and transport in soil; uptake by biota and crops; long-term impacts on soil properties, fertility and ecological services; effects on biological and functional diversity across multiple scales; effects on plant production and quality; and socioeconomic impacts of AP-based practices. We will focus on multigenerational effect studies for relevant traditional and biodegradable polymers, at realistic and future high-exposure scenarios.
PAPILLONS partners pioneered soil MNP research, host the majority of European analytical capacity for assessing soil contamination and will provide validated, high-throughput analysis for MNPs in soil. Using innovative applications of state-of-the-art analytical chemistry, we will advance analysis down to the nanoscale range and develop novel radiolabelled nanoplastics for accurately tracking behaviour and transport in soil and uptake by biota and crops. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Materials Engineering",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
10.1051/0004-6361/201016383 | Probing The Evolution Of Molecular Cloud Structure Ii From Chaos To Confinement | We present an analysis of the large-scale molecular cloud structure and of the stability of clumpy structures in nearby molecular clouds. In our recent work, we identified a structural transition in molecular clouds by studying the probability distributions of their gas column densities. In this paper, we further examine the nature of this transition. The transition takes place at the visual extinction of A tail = 2−4 mag, or equivalently, at Σ tail ≈ 40−80 Mpc −2 . The clumps identified above this limit have wide ranges of masses and sizes, but a remarkably constant mean volume density of n ≈ 10 3 cm −3 . T his is 5−10 times higher than the density of the medium surrounding the clumps. By examining the stability of the clumps, we show that they are gravitationally unbound entities, and that the external pressure from the parental molecular cloud is a significant source of confining pressure for them. Then, the structural transition at A tail may be linked to a transition between this population and the surrounding medium. The star-formation rates in the clouds correlate strongly with the total mass in the clumps, i. e. , with the mass above A tail , and drops abruptly below that threshold. These results imply that the formation of pressure-confined clumps introduces a prerequisite for star formation. Furthermore, they give a physically motivated explanation for the recently reported relation between the star-formation rates and the amount of dense material in molecular clouds. Likewise, they give rise to a natural threshold for star formation at A tail . | [
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
10.1039/C7NR00810D | Unraveling Viscosity Effects On The Hysteresis Losses Of Magnetic Nanocubes | Hysteresis losses in magnetic nanoparticles constitute the basis of magnetic hyperthermia for delivering a local thermal stress. Nevertheless, this therapeutic modality is only to be realised through a careful appraisal of the best possible intrinsic and extrinsic conditions to the nanoparticles for which they maximise and preserve their heating capabilities. Low frequency (100 kHz) hysteresis loops accurately probe the dynamical magnetic response of magnetic nanoparticles in a more reliable manner than calorimetry measurements, providing conclusive quantitative data under different experimental conditions. We consider here a set of iron oxide or cobalt ferrite nanocubes of different sizes, through which we experimentally and theoretically study the influence of the viscosity of the medium on the low frequency hysteresis loops of magnetic colloids, and hence their ability to produce and dissipate heat to the surroundings. We analyse the role of nanoparticle size, size distribution, chemical composition, and field intensity in making the magnetisation dynamics sensitive to viscosity. Numerical simulations using the stochastic Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation model the experimental observations in excellent agreement. These results represent an important contribution towards predicting viscosity effects and hence to maximise heat dissipation from magnetic nanoparticles regardless of the environment. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
EP 9905583 W | SUBSTITUTED ISOQUINOLEINES AND THEIR USE AS ANTICONVULSIVANTS | Compounds of formula (I) including tetrahydroisoquinolinyl cinnamides and acrylamides are indicated to be useful for the treatment and/or prevention of anxiety, mania, depression, panic disorders and/or aggression, disorders associated with a subarachnoid haemorrhage or neural shock, the effects associated with withdrawal from substances of abuse such as cocaine, nicotine, alcohol and benzodiazepines, disorders treatable and/or preventable with anti-convulsive agents, such as epilepsy including post-traumatic epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, psychosis, migraine, cerebral ischaemia, Alzheimer's disease and other degenerative diseases such as Huntingdon's chorea, schizophrenia, obsessive compulsive disorders (OCD), neurological deficits associated with AIDS, sleep disorders (including circadian rhythm disorders, insomnia and narcolepsy), tics (e.g. Giles de la Tourette's syndrome), traumatic brain injury, tinnitus, neuralgia, especially trigeminal neuralgia, neuropathic pain, dental pain, cancer pain, inappropriate neuronal activity resulting in neurodysthesias in diseases such as diabetes, multiple sclerosis (MS) and motor neurone disease, ataxias, muscular rigidity (spasticity), temporomandibular joint dysfunction, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
W1529506310 | Design and implementation of a weighted features model for the evaluation of archival websites | Purpose – The purpose of the present work was to design a comprehensive weighted features model for the specific evaluation of archival websites, and to apply it in practice to the particular population of Spain's web archives, ranking them in terms of quality based on the features they include. Design/methodology/approach – The design of the weighted features model is based on two parameters: the weight assigned to each feature according to its relevance for information retrieval from archival websites, and the archival website's degree of compliance with that feature. Findings – The results of the practical application of the model to the case of Spanish web archives showed that, contrary to prior expectation, factors which are intrinsic to the geographical region of Spain that the archive belongs to, such as economic level or degree of commitment to specific archival legislation, do not directly influence its website's quality ranking. Instead, the authors conclude that the population of archival websites presents its own particular behaviour. Originality/value – There has been a general lack of research specific to the analysis of the features of archival websites. The present work represents a certain advance in this regard in its proposal of a comprehensive weighted model of indicators for the specific evaluation of archival websites. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
W1981424852 | Rapid resolution liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection for metabolism and pharmacokinetic studies of ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one | Ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one (ergone) from many medicinal plants has been demonstrated to possess a variety of pharmacological activities in vivo and in vitro, including cytotoxic, diuretic and immunosuppressive activity. Metabolism and pharmacokinetic studies on rat were conducted for ergone. Rapid resolution liquid chromatography with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem multi-stage mass spectrometry (RRLC-APCI-MS(n)) and high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD) methods were applied for the identification and quantification of ergone and its metabolite from rat plasma, faeces and urine. A metabolite was identified by RRLC-DAD-APCI-MS(n): 22,23-epoxy-ergosta-4,6,8(14)-triaen-3-one (epoxyergone). The concentrations of the analyte with its metabolites were determined by HPLC-FLD at excitation wavelength of 370 nm and emission wavelength of 485 nm. The samples were deproteinized with methanol after addition of camptothecin as internal standard (IS). The analysis was performed on a Diamonsil C18 column (150 mm x 4.6 mm x 5 microm) with a mobile phase gradient consisting of methanol and water at a flow rate of 1 mL min(-1). The assay was linear over the concentration range of 42-1500, 36-7500 and 42-1500 ng mL(-1) for plasma, faecal homogenate and urine respectively. The absolute recoveries were found to be 97.0+/-1.2%, 98.1+/-0.7% and 96.6+/-1.8% for plasma, faecal homogenate and urine respectively. The intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations (RSD) were less than 10%. The previous HPLC-MS/MS method is not affordable for most laboratories because of the specialty requirement and high equipment cost. However, the HPLC-FLD method is economic and operating simply for quantitative determination of ergone and its metabolite in rat plasma, faeces and urine. In addition, liquid chromatography coupled with ion trap multi-stage mass spectrometry is becoming a useful technique for ergone metabolite identification. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
W2387278442 | Experimental study of pore water pressure response in sandy seabed under breaking wave action | Based on the wave flume experiments,the response pattern of excess pore water pressure is studied on a 1∶30 slope sandy seabed under the regular breaking wave action.The topographic change is observed and its causes are analyzed in the broken wave zone.The results show that the excess pore pressure changes significantly and differently before and after wave breaking.The excess pore water pressure reaches the maximum on the area away from the nearest bed surface of the breaking point in the whole process,and the vertical decay rate of excess pore water pressure is larger than the before and after wave breaking in the broken zone.The excess pore water pressure increases significantly at the breaking point.Before and after the wave breaking,the change between excess pore water pressure and wave height has positive correlation trend,and the correlation is not very well after the wave breaking.The topographic change is great in the wave breaking zone.Excess pore water pressures changing at the top are significantly higher than it is at the bottom.When the sand scours,the amplitude of the excess pore water pressure increases.And when the sand accumulates,the amplitude of the excess pore water pressure decreases. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1021/acsnano.9b05650 | Counterion-Dependent Mechanisms of DNA Origami Nanostructure Stabilization Revealed by Atomistic Molecular Simulation | The DNA origami technique has proven to have tremendous potential for therapeutic and diagnostic applications like drug delivery, but the relatively low concentrations of cations in physiological fluids cause destabilization and degradation of DNA origami constructs preventing in vivo applications. To reveal the mechanisms behind DNA origami stabilization by cations, we performed atomistic molecular dynamics simulations of a DNA origami rectangle in aqueous solvent with varying concentrations of magnesium and sodium as well as polyamines like oligolysine and spermine. We explored the binding of these ions to DNA origami in detail and found that the mechanism of stabilization differs between ion types considerably. While sodium binds weakly and quickly exchanges with the solvent, magnesium and spermine bind close to the origami with spermine also located in between helices, stabilizing the crossovers characteristic for DNA origami and reducing repulsion of parallel helices. In contrast, oligolysine of length ten prevents helix repulsion by binding to adjacent helices with its flexible side chains, spanning the gap between the helices. Shorter oligolysine molecules with four subunits are weak stabilizers as they lack both the ability to connect helices and to prevent helix repulsion. This work thus shows how the binding modes of ions influence the stabilization of DNA origami nanostructures on a molecular level. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
996895 | Beans to chocolate | Market needs always more quality products, that can assure safety and respect for the consumer. Our proposal is focused on the chocolate chain transformation, starting from the very origin of the process, that is the cocoa bean. Only the ones able to propose a final product (chocolate) properly processed during all the transformation phases will be able to assure a real quality product. Actually, only large industrial groups can afford the cost of equipments able to process from the bean to the chocolate: SMEs are totally cut off, while they represent over the 90% of the chocolate market producers, forced to use chocolate drops or cocoa mass for their initial phase of production.
We propose an equipment combining the chocolate processing steps (pre-refining, first refining, separation, conching and second refining) into a single stage, as a replacement for the current production system, which requires the sequential use of multiple pieces of equipment.
With BAT, chocolate manufacturers will be able to obtain the chocolate they need to manufacture the consumer-ready finished product. Furthermore, manufacturers will have full control over the whole production chain, thus ensuring both quality and efficiency.
Market: the chocolate and cocoa market is a highly evolving market: chocolate consumption has risen in the world by 32% in 10 years and its turnover is destined to grow further.
MARPI is a SME with a strong background in designing and manufacturing machines for the food industry. The first market targets are the ones in which the chocolate consumption is the most important: Italy, Germany, Belgium and the Netherlands. Japan and USA will follow. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1007/s00211-018-1005-z | Greedy optimal control for elliptic problems and its application to turnpike problems | We adapt and apply greedy methods to approximate in an efficient way the optimal controls for parameterized elliptic control problems. Our results yield an optimal approximation procedure that, in particular, performs better than simply sampling the parameter-space to compute controls for each parameter value. The same method can be adapted for parabolic control problems, but this leads to greedy selections of the realizations of the parameters that depend on the initial datum under consideration. The turnpike property (which ensures that parabolic optimal control problems behave nearly in a static manner when the control horizon is long enough) allows using the elliptic greedy choice of the parameters in the parabolic setting too. We present various numerical experiments and an extensive discussion of the efficiency of our methodology for parabolic control and indicate a number of open problems arising when analyzing the convergence of the proposed algorithms. | [
"Mathematics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1093/icb/icv017 | Not so fast: Swimming behavior of sailfish during predator-prey interactions using high-speed video and accelerometry | Billfishes are considered among the fastest swimmers in the oceans. Despite early estimates of extremely high speeds, more recent work showed that these predators (e. g. , blue marlin) spend most of their time swimming slowly, rarely exceeding 2 m s-1. Predator-prey interactions provide a context within which one may expect maximal speeds both by predators and prey. Beyond speed, however, an important component determining the outcome of predator-prey encounters is unsteady swimming (i. e. , turning and accelerating). Although large predators are faster than their small prey, the latter show higher performance in unsteady swimming. To contrast the evading behaviors of their highly maneuverable prey, sailfish and other large aquatic predators possess morphological adaptations, such as elongated bills, which can be moved more rapidly than the whole body itself, facilitating capture of the prey. Therefore, it is an open question whether such supposedly very fast swimmers do use high-speed bursts when feeding on evasive prey, in addition to using their bill for slashing prey. Here, we measured the swimming behavior of sailfish by using high-frequency accelerometry and high-speed video observations during predator-prey interactions. These measurements allowed analyses of tail beat frequencies to estimate swimming speeds. Our results suggest that sailfish burst at speeds of about 7 m s-1 and do not exceed swimming speeds of 10 m s-1 during predator-prey interactions. These speeds are much lower than previous estimates. In addition, the oscillations of the bill during swimming with, and without, extension of the dorsal fin (i. e. , the sail) were measured. We suggest that extension of the dorsal fin may allow sailfish to improve the control of the bill and minimize its yaw, hence preventing disturbance of the prey. Therefore, sailfish, like other large predators, may rely mainly on accuracy of movement and the use of the extensions of their bodies, rather than resorting to top speeds when hunting evasive prey. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1183/13993003.02410-2017 | Promoting Respiratory Public Health Through Epigenetics Research An Ers Environment Health Committee Workshop Report | Promoting respiratory public health through epigenetics research : an ERS Environment Health Committee workshop report | [
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1007/978-3-642-39185-9_7 | Analysis Of An Electronic Boardroom Voting System | We study a simple electronic boardroom voting system. While most existing systems rely on opaque electronic devices, a scientific committee of a research institute (the CNRS Section 07) has recently proposed an alternative system. Despite its simplicity (in particular, no use of cryptography), each voter can check that the outcome of the election corresponds to the votes, without having to trust the devices. In this paper, we present three versions of this system, exhibiting potential attacks. We then formally model the system in the applied pi-calculus, and prove that two versions ensure both vote correctness (even if the devices are corrupted) and ballot secrecy (assuming the devices are honest). | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
W2082072548 | Experimental study on ash fusion characteristics of biomass | In this study, ash fusion characteristics (AFC) of biomass red pine, corn straw, Bermuda grass and bamboo are investigated. Results of this study show that ash melting temperatures are higher when samples are ashed at 815 °C than at 600 °C, but the differences are small. The ash deformation temperatures of pine and straw are over 1100 °C, but the ash deformation temperatures of Bermuda grass and bamboo are lower than the former biomass. Also, Bermuda grass and bamboo are prone to sintering phenomenon when burning. In the thermogravimetric experiment on ash, the heating process can be divided into three stages, namely water evaporation, oxidation of organic compounds and evaporation, and reaction of inorganic components. The ash of Bermuda grass and bamboo contains more unburned organic matters because of sintering, and higher calcium content in pine ash results in a more mass loss in the third stage. The ash fusion characteristics for co-combustion of biomass with coal are investigated. It is found that the ash melting temperature firstly decreases and then increases with the content of the corn straw increase, changing as “V” shape. ► The ash melting temperatures of biomass are not obviously affected by the ashing temperature. ► The ash melting temperature is higher when the ashing temperature is higher. ► Biomass should be ashed at lower ashing temperature. ► The ash melting temperature of co-firing of biomass with coal changes with the content of biomass. In this study, ash fusion characteristics (AFC) of biomass red pine, corn straw, Bermuda grass and bamboo are investigated. Results of this study show that ash melting temperatures are higher when samples are ashed at 815 °C than at 600 °C, but the differences are small. The ash deformation temperatures of pine and straw are over 1100 °C, but the ash deformation temperatures of Bermuda grass and bamboo are lower than the former biomass. Also, Bermuda grass and bamboo are prone to sintering phenomenon when burning. In the thermogravimetric experiment on ash, the heating process can be divided into three stages, namely water evaporation, oxidation of organic compounds and evaporation, and reaction of inorganic components. The ash of Bermuda grass and bamboo contains more unburned organic matters because of sintering, and higher calcium content in pine ash results in a more mass loss in the third stage. The ash fusion characteristics for co-combustion of biomass with coal are investigated. It is found that the ash melting temperature firstly decreases and then increases with the content of the corn straw increase, changing as “V” shape. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1051/0004-6361/201935889 | Calibration Of Quasi Static Aberrations In Exoplanet Direct Imaging Instruments With A Zernike Phase Mask Sensor Iii On Sky Validation In Vlt Sphere | Second-generation exoplanet imagers using extreme adaptive optics and coronagraphy have demonstrated their great potential for studying close circumstellar environments and for detecting new companions and helping to understand their physical properties. However, at very small angular separation, their performance in contrast is limited by several factors: diffraction by the complex telescope pupil not perfectly canceled by the coronagraph, residual dynamic wavefront errors, chromatic wavefront errors, and wavefront errors resulting from noncommon path aberrations (NCPAs). In a previous work, we demonstrated the use of a Zernike wavefront sensor called ZELDA for sensing NCPAs in VLT/SPHERE and their compensation. In the present work, we move to the next step with the on-sky validation of NCPA compensation with ZELDA. We start by reproducing previous results on the internal source and show that the amount of aberration integrated between 1 and 15 cycles/pupil is decreased by a factor of five, which translates into a gain in raw contrast of between 2 and 3 below 300 mas. On sky, we demonstrate that NCPA compensation works in closed loop, leading to an attenuation of the amount of aberration by a factor of approximately two. However, we identify a loss of sensitivity for the sensor that is only partly explained by the difference in Strehl ratio between the internal and on-sky measurements. Coronagraphic imaging on sky is improved in raw contrast by a factor of 2. 5 at most in the ExAO-corrected region. We use coronagraphic image reconstruction based on a detailed model of the instrument to demonstrate that both internal and on-sky raw contrasts can be precisely explained, and we establish that the observed performance after NCPA compensation is no longer limited by an improper compensation for aberration but by the current apodized-pupil Lyot coronagraph design. [abridged] | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
10.1039/C5CS00447K | Liquid Phase Oxidation Chemistry In Continuous Flow Microreactors | Continuous-flow liquid phase oxidation chemistry in microreactors receives a lot of attention as the reactor provides enhanced heat and mass transfer characteristics, safe use of hazardous oxidants, high interfacial areas, and scale-up potential. In this review, an up-to-date overview of both technological and chemical aspects of liquid phase oxidation chemistry in continuous-flow microreactors is given. A description of mass and heat transfer phenomena is provided and fundamental principles are deduced which can be used to make a judicious choice for a suitable reactor. In addition, the safety aspects of continuous-flow technology are discussed. Next, oxidation chemistry in flow is discussed, including the use of oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, ozone and other oxidants in flow. Finally, the scale-up potential for continuous-flow reactors is described. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1111/spol.12510 | Thirty years of the Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism: A review of reviews | In the 30 or so years since the publication of Gosta Esping-Andersenapos;s Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism a number of rival welfare state typologies have emerged. This article has two broad aims. First, we review the reviews of welfare state typologies, pointing to issues of often unclear case selection and a wide range of concepts, variables, and methods, resulting in a variety of worlds of welfare and their constituent nations. We show that there is a great variety in the welfare modelling business at two different levels. Reviews vary significantly in terms of the number and composition of included studies, which has made it difficult to sum up the “state of the art. ” Individual studies included in the reviews also vary significantly in terms of issues such as aims, concepts, variables, and methods. Second, we produce a new review, which adds value as it is based on a clearer search strategy, and includes more recent material that was not available in earlier reviews. This finds that there is a great variety in terms of process (concepts, variables, methods, and number of countries) and findings (the number and composition of “worlds”). We argue that the country classification seems to show less consensus that previous reviews, with fewer “pure” nations (i. e. , agreement between studies). We suggest that in order to provide a clear point of engagement, future reviews need to pay more attention to a clear and explicit search strategy, including issues such as inclusion criteria. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
W4220752506 | Métabolites dérivés du microbiote intestinal et déclin cognitif : une exploration de l’axe intestin-cerveau | Le microbiote intestinal (MI) participe à la digestion et au métabolisme de nombreux nutriments en libérant des métabolites dans le tube digestif, dont certains gagnent la circulation sanguine et traversent la barrière hémato-encéphalique, interagissant ainsi directement avec le cerveau. Cependant, les connaissances sur le lien entre MI et santé cérébrale sont en grande partie précliniques, et peu d’études ont porté sur les métabolites microbiotiques circulants et le vieillissement cognitif chez l’homme. L’objectif de cette étude était d’analyser et de valider, dans un cas-témoin niché dans une grande cohorte de sujets âgés, l’association entre des dizaines de métabolites sanguins dérivés du MI et le déclin cognitif au long cours. Cette étude met à profit les données de la cohorte des trois-cités (3C, Bordeaux, Dijon et Montpellier) chez des personnes âgées de 65 ans ou plus à l’inclusion. Les participants non déments au moment du prélèvement sanguin et dont la cognition a été mesurée de façon répétée au cours des 12 années suivantes étaient éligibles pour le cas-témoin niché. Un échantillon de découverte a été défini dans 3C Bordeaux, incluant les 209 participants avec la pente de déclin cognitif la plus importante, appariés à 209 témoins avec une cognition plus stable (pente > pente médiane) et de même âge, sexe et niveau d’études. Un échantillon de validation a été défini de façon similaire dans 3C Dijon (210 paires cas-témoin). Une analyse en métabolomique ciblée a permis de quantifier 76 métabolites liés à l’alimentation et potentiellement dérivés du MI. L’association entre chaque métabolite et le déclin cognitif a été étudiée dans l’échantillon de découverte en utilisant des régressions logistiques conditionnelles. Les métabolites dont la P-valeur corrigée pour les tests multiples (FDR) était ≤ 0,15 ont été testés pour réplication. 7 métabolites étaient associés au déclin cognitif avec une P-FDR ≤ 0,15 dans l’échantillon de découverte : la phénylacétylglutamine, l’acide indole-lactique, l’acide kynurénique, la bétaïne, la vitamine B5, le propionate et le 3,4-DHPV-S. Seul le propionate était répliqué (OR = 1,26, 95 % IC [1,02 ;1,55]). Cette association était atténuée de façon importante après ajustement sur les facteurs de risque cardiométaboliques dans l’échantillon de validation (une population à risque vasculaire plus important que la population de découverte). Cette étude suggère une relation délétère entre l’acide propionique circulant et le déclin cognitif. Le rôle de la santé cardiométabolique dans cette relation mérite d’être approfondi. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.11.023 | Spontaneous coronary artery dissections and fibromuscular dysplasia: Current insights on pathophysiology, sex and gender | Spontaneous coronary artery dissections (SCADs) are increasingly recognized as an important cause of acute coronary syndromes in predominantly women below 60 years of age. SCAD patients comprise a heterogeneous group, in which it is estimated that a quarter to one third have underlying fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD). Although the mutual relationship of SCAD and FMD is complex and only partly understood, there seems to be some overlap in genetic background and interaction with endogenous sex-steroids. In this review we provide an update of our current knowledge on these intriguing emerging arteriopathies. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
IB 2021057348 W | SIDELINK ANGULAR-BASED AND SL RRM-BASED POSITIONING | An apparatus 1100 for localizing a target UE (605,805) sidelink ("SL") positioning includes a processor 1105 configured to cause the target UE (605,805) to receive from a sidelink configuration source (610 or 635) SL PRS assistance data associated with SL reference signal transmissions e.g., beam transmissions (620a-620b), transmitted from one or more SL signal transmitting devices (e.g., 610, 615, 630). The target UE (605,805) receives transmitted SL signal information from the one or more SL signal transmitting devices (610, 615, 630) and performs SL signal angle of arrival ("AoA") measurements or reference signal received power ("RSRP") measurements for deriving angle of departure (AoD) mapped to the received SL RSRP measurements or performs SL radio resource management measurements ("SL-RMM") for determining an estimated location of the target UE (605,805) using SL-AoD, SL-AoA, SL-RMM positioning techniques or combinations thereof. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1007/978-3-030-32226-7_42 | Probabilistic Point Cloud Reconstructions For Vertebral Shape Analysis | We propose an auto-encoding network architecture for point clouds (PC) capable of extracting shape signatures without supervision. Building on this, we (i) design a loss function capable of modelling data variance on PCs which are unstructured, and (ii) regularise the latent space as in a variational auto-encoder, both of which increase the auto-encoders’ descriptive capacity while making them probabilistic. Evaluating the reconstruction quality of our architectures, we employ them for detecting vertebral fractures without any supervision. By learning to efficiently reconstruct only healthy vertebrae, fractures are detected as anomalous reconstructions. Evaluating on a dataset containing \(\sim \)1500 vertebrae, we achieve area-under-ROC curve of >75%, without using intensity-based features. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Mathematics",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1115/gt2016-57111 | Investigation of Ozone Stimulated Combustion in the SGT-800 Burner at Atmospheric Conditions | The effect of ozone (O3) in a turbulent, swirl-stabilized natural gas/air flame was experimentally investigated at atmospheric pressure conditions using planar laser-induced fluorescence imaging of formaldehyde (CH2O PLIF) and dynamic pressure monitoring. The experiment was performed using a dry low emission (DLE) gas turbine burner used in both SGT-700 and SGT-800 industrial gas turbines from Siemens. The burner was mounted in an atmospheric combustion test rig at Siemens with optical access in the flame region. CH2O PLIF imaging was carried out for four different seeding gas compositions and seeding injection channel configurations. Two seeding injection-channels were located around the burner tip while the other two were located along the center axis of the burner at different distances upstream the burner outlet. Four different seeding gas compositions were used: nitrogen (N2), oxygen (O2) and two ozone/oxygen (O3/O2) mixtures with different O3 concentration. The results show that the O3 clearly affects the combustion chemistry. The natural gas/air mixture is preheated before combustion which is shown to kick-start the cold combustion chemistry where O3 is highly involved. The CH2O PLIF signal increases with O3 seeded into the flame which indicates that the pre-combustion activity increases and that the cold chemistry starts to develop further upstream. The small increase of the pressure drop over the burner shows that the flame moves upstream when O3 is seeded into the flame, which confirms the increase in pre-combustion activity. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1002/biot.201500168 | Polyphosphate as a metabolic fuel in Metazoa: A foundational breakthrough invention for biomedical applications | In animals, energy-rich molecules like ATP are generated in the intracellular compartment from metabolites, e. g. glucose, taken up by the cells. Recent results revealed that inorganic polyphosphates (polyP) can provide an extracellular system for energy transport and delivery. These polymers of multiple phosphate units, linked by high-energy phosphoanhydride bonds, use blood platelets as transport vehicles to reach their target cells. In this review it is outlined how polyP affects cell metabolism. It is discussed that polyP influences cell activity in a dual way: (i) as a metabolic fuel transferring metabolic energy through the extracellular space; and (ii) as a signaling molecule that amplifies energy/ATP production in mitochondria. Several metabolic pathways are triggered by polyP, among them biomineralization/hydroxyapatite formation onto bone cells. The accumulation of polyP in the platelets allows long-distance transport of the polymer in the extracellular space. The discovery of polyP as metabolic fuel and signaling molecule initiated the development of novel techniques for encapsulation of polyP into nanoparticles. They facilitate cellular uptake of the polymer by receptor-mediated endocytosis and allow the development of novel strategies for therapy of metabolic diseases associated with deviations in energy metabolism or mitochondrial dysfunctions. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.3791/57421 | Development And Validation Of An Ultrasensitive Single Molecule Array Digital Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay For Human Interferon Α | The main aim of this protocol is to describe the development and validation of an interferon (IFN)-α single molecule array digital Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA) assay. This system enables the quantification of human IFN-α protein with unprecedented sensitivity, and with no cross-reactivity for other species of IFN. The first key step of the protocol is the choice of the antibody pair, followed by the conjugation of the capture antibody to paramagnetic beads, and biotinylation of the detection antibody. Following this step, different parameters such as assay configuration, detector antibody concentration, and buffer composition can be modified until optimum sensitivity is achieved. Finally, specificity and reproducibility of the method are assessed to ensure confidence in the results. Here, we developed an IFN-α single molecule array assay with a limit of detection of 0. 69 fg/mL using high-affinity autoantibodies isolated from patients with biallelic mutations in the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) protein causing autoimmune polyendocrinopathy syndrome type 1/autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APS1/APECED). Importantly, these antibodies enabled detection of all 13 IFN-α subtypes. This new methodology allows the detection and quantification of IFN-α protein in human biological samples at attomolar concentrations for the first time. Such a tool will be highly useful in monitoring the levels of this cytokine in human health and disease states, most particularly infection, autoimmunity, and autoinflammation. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1016/j.jalz.2015.02.007 | On the identification of low allele frequency mosaic mutations in the brains of Alzheimer's disease patients | Introduction The cause of sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains unclear. Given the growing evidence that protein aggregates can spread in a "prion-like" fashion, we reasoned that a small population of brain cells producing such "prion-like" particles due to a postzygotic acquired mutation would be sufficient to trigger the disease. Deep DNA sequencing technology should in principle allow the detection of such mosaics. Methods To detect the somatic mutations of genes causing AD present in a small number of cells, we developed a targeted deep sequencing approach to scrutinize the genomic loci of APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2 genes in DNA extracted from the entorhinal cortex, one of the brain regions showing the earliest signs of AD pathology. We also included the analysis of the MAPT gene because mutations may promote tangle formation. We validated candidate mutations with an independent targeted ultradeep amplicon sequencing technique. Results We demonstrate that our approach can detect single-nucleotide mosaic variants with a 1% allele frequency and copy number mosaic variants present in as few as 10% of cells. We screened 72 AD and 58 control brain samples and identified three mosaic variants with low allelic frequency (∼1%): two novel MAPT variants in sporadic AD patients and a known PSEN2 variant in a Braak II control subject. Moreover, we detected both novel and known pathogenic nonmosaic heterozygous variants in PSEN1 and PSEN2 in this cohort of sporadic AD patients. Discussion Our results show that mosaic mutations with low allelic frequencies in AD-relevant genes can be detected in brain-derived DNA, but larger samples need to be investigated before a more definitive conclusion with regard to the pathogenicity of such mosaics can be made. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1128/mBio.00969-14 | Comparison of widely used Listeria monocytogenes strains EGD, 10403S, and EGD-e highlights genomic differences underlying variations in pathogenicity | For nearly 3 decades, listeriologists and immunologists have used mainly three strains of the same serovar (1/2a) to analyze the virulence of the bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. The genomes of two of these strains, EGD-e and 10403S, were released in 2001 and 2008, respectively. Here we report the genome sequence of the third reference strain, EGD, and extensive genomic and phenotypic comparisons of the three strains. Strikingly, EGD-e is genetically highly distinct from EGD (29,016 single nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs]) and 10403S (30,296 SNPs), and is more related to serovar 1/2c than 1/2a strains. We also found that while EGD and 10403S strains are genetically very close (317 SNPs), EGD has a point mutation in the transcriptional regulator PrfA (PrfA*), leading to constitutive expression of several major virulence genes. We generated an EGD-e PrfA*mutant and showed that EGD behaves like this strain in vitro, with slower growth in broth and higher invasiveness in human cells than those of EGD-e and 10403S. In contrast, bacterial counts in blood, liver, and spleen during infection in mice revealed that EGD and 10403S are less virulent than EGD-e, which is itself less virulent than EGD-e PrfA*. Thus, constitutive expression of PrfA-regulated virulence genes does not appear to provide a significant advantage to the EGD strain during infection in vivo, highlighting the fact that in vitro invasion assays are not sufficient for evaluating the pathogenic potential of L. monocytogenes strains. Together, our results pave the way for deciphering unexplained differences or discrepancies in experiments using different L. monocytogenes strains. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
174128 | Adaptive learning platform for personalized children education crossing cognitive and biometric inputs | The current educational system is not optimal - arguably even obsolete. At Infantium we are committed to bringing the latest advances in information and communication technologies to education in order to fundamentally change how our children learn.
Our proposed solution is an intelligent framework that gathers cognitive information related to the performance and interaction of kids as they consume educational content (such as APPs, learning videos, etc.) on tablets. The software monitors parameters such as the time required for a child to reach certain goals within the APP, or the time between two consecutive interactions in order to develop cognitive models.
Moreover, we monitor users’ biometric parameters using a bracelet device and a standard tablet camera to infer students’ emotions and gather behavioural information. Our main objective is to fuse cognitive and behavioural data, using our Artificial Intelligence-based technology. The result will be a unique system that is able to maximize learning ability using cognitive abilities and emotional motivation.
We are applying for funding through this program specifically to 1) miniaturize the bracelet prototype for comfort and ease of use, 2) modify and test the computer vision software with kids, using tablets, 3) fine-tune our algorithms to infer emotional states, 4) correlate the data from the wearable device and the vision algorithm, and 5) test the integrated system with kids during early childhood education.
We are requesting about € 1.5M that will allow us to boost our growth by 45%, achieving an additional sales revenues of € 11M and representing a ROI of 4 by 2020. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
10.1016/j.ifacol.2019.12.010 | Turnpike in optimal shape design | We investigate the turnpike problem in optimal control, in the context of time-evolving shapes. We focus here on the heat equation model where the shape acts as a source term, and we search the optimal time-varying shape, minimizing a quadratic criterion. We first establish existence of optimal solutions under some appropriate sufficient conditions. We provide necessary conditions for optimality in terms of usual adjoint equations and then, thanks to strict dissipativity properties, we prove that state and adjoint satisfy a measure-turnpike property, meaning that the extremal time-varying solution remains essentially close to an optimal solution of an associated static problem. We illustrate the turnpike phenomenon in shape design with several numerical simulations. | [
"Mathematics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1038/nature19338 | PionX sites mark the X chromosome for dosage compensation | The rules defining which small fraction of related DNA sequences can be selectively bound by a transcription factor are poorly understood. One of the most challenging tasks in DNA recognition is posed by dosage compensation systems that require the distinction between sex chromosomes and autosomes. In Drosophila melanogaster, the male-specific lethal dosage compensation complex (MSL-DCC) doubles the level of transcription from the single male X chromosome, but the nature of this selectivity is not known. Previous efforts to identify X-chromosome-specific target sequences were unsuccessful as the identified MSL recognition elements lacked discriminative power. Therefore, additional determinants such as co-factors, chromatin features, RNA and chromosome conformation have been proposed to refine targeting further. Here, using an in vitro genome-wide DNA binding assay, we show that recognition of the X chromosome is an intrinsic feature of the MSL-DCC. MSL2, the male-specific organizer of the complex, uses two distinct DNA interaction surfaces-the CXC and proline/basic-residue-rich domains-to identify complex DNA elements on the X chromosome. Specificity is provided by the CXC domain, which binds a novel motif defined by DNA sequence and shape. This motif characterizes a subclass of MSL2-binding sites, which we name PionX (pioneering sites on the X) as they appeared early during the recent evolution of an X chromosome in D. miranda and are the first chromosomal sites to be bound during de novo MSL-DCC assembly. Our data provide the first, to our knowledge, documented molecular mechanism through which the dosage compensation machinery distinguishes the X chromosome from an autosome. They highlight fundamental principles in the recognition of complex DNA elements by protein that will have a strong impact on many aspects of chromosome biology. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1016/j.cell.2015.11.013 | Transcriptional Heterogeneity and Lineage Commitment in Myeloid Progenitors | Within the bone marrow, stem cells differentiate and give rise to diverse blood cell types and functions. Currently, hematopoietic progenitors are defined using surface markers combined with functional assays that are not directly linked with in vivo differentiation potential or gene regulatory mechanisms. Here, we comprehensively map myeloid progenitor subpopulations by transcriptional sorting of single cells from the bone marrow. We describe multiple progenitor subgroups, showing unexpected transcriptional priming toward seven differentiation fates but no progenitors with a mixed state. Transcriptional differentiation is correlated with combinations of known and previously undefined transcription factors, suggesting that the process is tightly regulated. Histone maps and knockout assays are consistent with early transcriptional priming, while traditional transplantation experiments suggest that in vivo priming may still allow for plasticity given strong perturbations. These data establish a reference model and general framework for studying hematopoiesis at single-cell resolution. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
W2511182631 | Pseudomagnetic fields for sound at the nanoscale | Significance Unlike electrons, phonons do not feel a magnetic field, because they are not charged. Thus, much of the physics connected with charged particles in magnetic fields is absent for phonons, be it the Lorentz force or the unidirectional transport along the sample edges. Recently, researchers have started to study how one might make phonons akin to electrons in a magnetic field or related topological settings. The first experimental implementations involving coupled pendula or gyroscopes or air currents have already been realized at the macroscopic scale. Here, we describe a design that is well-suited for the nanoscale. It is purely geometric in nature and could be implemented based on an already experimentally demonstrated platform, a simple patterned 2D material. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
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