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342,100 | 16,802,484 | 3,774 | A device for improving the function of a heart valve comprises a first loop-shaped support, which is configured to abut a first side of the heart valve, and a first flange unit being connected to said first loop-shaped support. The flange unit is configured to be arranged against said annulus when said first loop-shaped support is abutting said heart valve. | 1. (canceled) 2. A system comprising
a medical device comprising:
a first loop-shaped support, which is configured to abut a first side of a native heart valve,
a second loop-shaped support, which is configured to abut a second side of the native heart valve opposite to said first side,
wherein an end of the second loop-shaped support is configured to be inserted through a natural opening of the heart valve formed between leaflets at a commissure of the leaflets,
wherein the first loop-shaped support is continuous with the second loop-shaped support to form a coil-shaped body configured to be rotated into place so that a portion of native heart valve tissue is trapped between the first and second loop-shaped supports,
a heart valve prosthesis adapted to be carried by the first loop-shaped support or the second loop-shaped support when the first and second loop-shaped supports are positioned in abutment with the native heart valve. 3. System according to claim 2, wherein the heart valve prosthesis is adapted to be arranged on the first loop-shaped support or on the second loop-shaped support. 4. System according to claim 2, wherein the medical device comprises a flange unit. 5. System according to claim 4, wherein the heart valve prosthesis is adapted to be attached to the flange unit. 6. System according to claim 4, wherein the flange unit is adapted to form a connection of at least one of the loop-shaped supports and the heart valve prosthesis against an annulus of the native heart valve. 7. System according to claim 4, wherein the flange unit is connected to the first loop-shaped support and/or the second loop shaped support. 8. System according to claim 4, wherein the flange unit is adapted to provide a sealing surface against an annulus of the native heart valve when the first and second loop-shaped supports are positioned in abutment with the native heart valve. 9. System according to claim 4, wherein the flange unit flange unit comprises barb elements for affixing the medical device to tissue. 10. System according to claim 2, wherein the first loop-shaped support is adapted to abut an atrial side of the native heart valve and the second loop-shaped support is adapted to abut a ventricular side of the native heart valve, wherein an outer boundary of the second loop-shaped support is greater than an outer boundary of the first loop-shaped support. 11. System according to claim 2, wherein the second loop-shaped support is displaced radially with respect to the first loop-shaped support. 12. System according to claim 2, wherein said end of the second loop-shaped support have a greater pitch than the rest of the coil-shaped body. 13. System according to claim 2, wherein the medical device comprises a shape memory material. | A device for improving the function of a heart valve comprises a first loop-shaped support, which is configured to abut a first side of the heart valve, and a first flange unit being connected to said first loop-shaped support. The flange unit is configured to be arranged against said annulus when said first loop-shaped support is abutting said heart valve.1. (canceled) 2. A system comprising
a medical device comprising:
a first loop-shaped support, which is configured to abut a first side of a native heart valve,
a second loop-shaped support, which is configured to abut a second side of the native heart valve opposite to said first side,
wherein an end of the second loop-shaped support is configured to be inserted through a natural opening of the heart valve formed between leaflets at a commissure of the leaflets,
wherein the first loop-shaped support is continuous with the second loop-shaped support to form a coil-shaped body configured to be rotated into place so that a portion of native heart valve tissue is trapped between the first and second loop-shaped supports,
a heart valve prosthesis adapted to be carried by the first loop-shaped support or the second loop-shaped support when the first and second loop-shaped supports are positioned in abutment with the native heart valve. 3. System according to claim 2, wherein the heart valve prosthesis is adapted to be arranged on the first loop-shaped support or on the second loop-shaped support. 4. System according to claim 2, wherein the medical device comprises a flange unit. 5. System according to claim 4, wherein the heart valve prosthesis is adapted to be attached to the flange unit. 6. System according to claim 4, wherein the flange unit is adapted to form a connection of at least one of the loop-shaped supports and the heart valve prosthesis against an annulus of the native heart valve. 7. System according to claim 4, wherein the flange unit is connected to the first loop-shaped support and/or the second loop shaped support. 8. System according to claim 4, wherein the flange unit is adapted to provide a sealing surface against an annulus of the native heart valve when the first and second loop-shaped supports are positioned in abutment with the native heart valve. 9. System according to claim 4, wherein the flange unit flange unit comprises barb elements for affixing the medical device to tissue. 10. System according to claim 2, wherein the first loop-shaped support is adapted to abut an atrial side of the native heart valve and the second loop-shaped support is adapted to abut a ventricular side of the native heart valve, wherein an outer boundary of the second loop-shaped support is greater than an outer boundary of the first loop-shaped support. 11. System according to claim 2, wherein the second loop-shaped support is displaced radially with respect to the first loop-shaped support. 12. System according to claim 2, wherein said end of the second loop-shaped support have a greater pitch than the rest of the coil-shaped body. 13. System according to claim 2, wherein the medical device comprises a shape memory material. | 3,700 |
342,101 | 16,802,420 | 3,774 | Embodiments can provide automated matching of items to cart items and generation and rendering of customized template blocks, such that the appearance of the template blocks is adaptive, with remote configuration and optimization at one or more stages of a process. An integration plugin can enable websites to present additional items that are associated with an item displayed on a web page. The integration plugin can be compatible with many websites, be plug-and-play, quickly installed, and not require significant programming effort from the website. Embodiments can provide integration into the web site leading to increased conversion rates. Embodiments can provide information from a first item for additional items without additional data entry. Embodiments can provide real-time performance tracking for monitoring and optimization. Embodiments can provide composite user interfaces to manage item matching, performance tracking, and configuration. | 1. A method of providing an online environment on a client computer, the method comprising performing by a server computer system:
receiving, from the client computer, a first request for an integration script; sending, to the client computer, a first integration script in response to the first request; receiving, from the client computer using the first integration script, a request for an item associated with a first item, wherein a first identification of the first item is included on a web page of a website to be displayed on the client computer; identifying a second item by querying a database for an item associated with the first item, wherein the database includes a plurality of items, and wherein the second item is associated with the first item; generating information associated with the second item, wherein the information includes a second identification of the second item and an element identifier of one or more web hooks located in particular portions of the web page; and sending the information associated with the second item to the client computer, wherein the web page includes the one or more web hooks located in the particular portions of the web page. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the element identifier is a first element identifier, and wherein the information includes a second element identifier for one or more page elements, the first element identifier and the second element identifier indicating multiple stages of a template block for displaying the second item. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the one or more page elements lead to another web page of the website after interaction by a user, thereby causing the second item to be displayed in multiple web pages of the website. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the one or more page elements determine an end of an interaction of a user with the web page. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining a format to display at least a portion of the information associated with the second item, wherein the information associated with the second item further includes the format. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
determining one or more web pages for at least the portion of the information associated with the second item to be displayed, wherein the information associated with the second item identifies the one or more web pages. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein the information associated with the second item further includes a location to place the information associated with the second item on the web page, the location associated with one of the one or more web hooks located in the particular portions of the web page. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining a variant of the second item based on a user associated with the client computer, wherein the information associated with the second item further includes the variant. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, from the client computer, a second script request for the integration script; sending, to the client computer, the integration script in response to the second script request; receiving, from the client computer using the integration script, a success message, wherein the success message indicates a selection of the second item; and sending, to the client computer, information associated with the selection of the second item. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the information associated with the selection of the second item includes a confirmation regarding the second item. 11. A method of providing an online environment on a client computer, the method comprising performing by the client computer:
receiving, from a website, a web page that includes a first item; sending, to an integration server computer, a script request for an integration script; receiving, from the integration server computer, a first integration script in response to the script request; executing the first integration script on the client computer; determining, using the first integration script, that a local storage of the client computer does not include one or more items associated with the first item; sending, to the integration server computer using the first integration script, an item request, the sending of the item request being in response to the determining that the local storage does not include the one or more items associated with the first item; receiving, from the integration server computer, information associated with a second item in response to the item request, wherein the second item is associated with the first item; updating, using the integration script, the web page to include at least a portion of the information associated with the second item; and displaying the updated web page on the client computer. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the web page is updated to include the portion of the information associated with the second item at multiple stages of interaction between a user and the website. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the information associated with the second item includes a template block, wherein the web page is updated by updating the template block in accordance with the multiple stages of interaction between the user and the website. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the multiple stages of interaction between the user and the website include a selection of the second item and a purchase of the second item. 15. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
storing different states of the template block reflecting different actions taken by the user. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
using a stored state of the template block for displaying the portion of the information associated with the second item across different web pages. 17. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
determining, using the first integration script, that an item associated with the first item has not been received from the integration server computer, wherein the determination occurs before the item request. 18. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
determining, using the first integration script, that the web page is one of one or more web pages, wherein an identification of the one or more web pages is included in the information associated with the second item, and wherein the determination occurs before the web page is updated. 19. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
receiving a selection associated with the second item; sending a web page request for a second web page from the website after the selection is received; receiving the second web page from the website; sending, to the integration server computer, another script request; receiving a second integration script from the integration server computer; executing the second integration script on the client computer; sending, using the second integration script, information associated with the selection to the integration server computer; receiving information to display on the second web page from the integration server computer in response to sending the information associated with the selection; updating, using the second integration script, the second web page to include at least a portion of the information to display on the second web page; and displaying the updated second web page on the client computer. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the script request is sent using a plug-in module that is an invisible component of the web page, and wherein the other script request is sent using a second plug-in module that is an invisible component of the second web page. 21. The method of claim 11, wherein the information associated with the second item includes a format to display the second item on the web page, an identification of the second item, and a location to place at least a portion of the information associated with the second item on the web page. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the information associated with the second item further includes a variant of the second item, and wherein the variant includes a customization of the second item for a user associated with the client computer. | Embodiments can provide automated matching of items to cart items and generation and rendering of customized template blocks, such that the appearance of the template blocks is adaptive, with remote configuration and optimization at one or more stages of a process. An integration plugin can enable websites to present additional items that are associated with an item displayed on a web page. The integration plugin can be compatible with many websites, be plug-and-play, quickly installed, and not require significant programming effort from the website. Embodiments can provide integration into the web site leading to increased conversion rates. Embodiments can provide information from a first item for additional items without additional data entry. Embodiments can provide real-time performance tracking for monitoring and optimization. Embodiments can provide composite user interfaces to manage item matching, performance tracking, and configuration.1. A method of providing an online environment on a client computer, the method comprising performing by a server computer system:
receiving, from the client computer, a first request for an integration script; sending, to the client computer, a first integration script in response to the first request; receiving, from the client computer using the first integration script, a request for an item associated with a first item, wherein a first identification of the first item is included on a web page of a website to be displayed on the client computer; identifying a second item by querying a database for an item associated with the first item, wherein the database includes a plurality of items, and wherein the second item is associated with the first item; generating information associated with the second item, wherein the information includes a second identification of the second item and an element identifier of one or more web hooks located in particular portions of the web page; and sending the information associated with the second item to the client computer, wherein the web page includes the one or more web hooks located in the particular portions of the web page. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the element identifier is a first element identifier, and wherein the information includes a second element identifier for one or more page elements, the first element identifier and the second element identifier indicating multiple stages of a template block for displaying the second item. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the one or more page elements lead to another web page of the website after interaction by a user, thereby causing the second item to be displayed in multiple web pages of the website. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the one or more page elements determine an end of an interaction of a user with the web page. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining a format to display at least a portion of the information associated with the second item, wherein the information associated with the second item further includes the format. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
determining one or more web pages for at least the portion of the information associated with the second item to be displayed, wherein the information associated with the second item identifies the one or more web pages. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein the information associated with the second item further includes a location to place the information associated with the second item on the web page, the location associated with one of the one or more web hooks located in the particular portions of the web page. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining a variant of the second item based on a user associated with the client computer, wherein the information associated with the second item further includes the variant. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, from the client computer, a second script request for the integration script; sending, to the client computer, the integration script in response to the second script request; receiving, from the client computer using the integration script, a success message, wherein the success message indicates a selection of the second item; and sending, to the client computer, information associated with the selection of the second item. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the information associated with the selection of the second item includes a confirmation regarding the second item. 11. A method of providing an online environment on a client computer, the method comprising performing by the client computer:
receiving, from a website, a web page that includes a first item; sending, to an integration server computer, a script request for an integration script; receiving, from the integration server computer, a first integration script in response to the script request; executing the first integration script on the client computer; determining, using the first integration script, that a local storage of the client computer does not include one or more items associated with the first item; sending, to the integration server computer using the first integration script, an item request, the sending of the item request being in response to the determining that the local storage does not include the one or more items associated with the first item; receiving, from the integration server computer, information associated with a second item in response to the item request, wherein the second item is associated with the first item; updating, using the integration script, the web page to include at least a portion of the information associated with the second item; and displaying the updated web page on the client computer. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the web page is updated to include the portion of the information associated with the second item at multiple stages of interaction between a user and the website. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the information associated with the second item includes a template block, wherein the web page is updated by updating the template block in accordance with the multiple stages of interaction between the user and the website. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the multiple stages of interaction between the user and the website include a selection of the second item and a purchase of the second item. 15. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
storing different states of the template block reflecting different actions taken by the user. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
using a stored state of the template block for displaying the portion of the information associated with the second item across different web pages. 17. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
determining, using the first integration script, that an item associated with the first item has not been received from the integration server computer, wherein the determination occurs before the item request. 18. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
determining, using the first integration script, that the web page is one of one or more web pages, wherein an identification of the one or more web pages is included in the information associated with the second item, and wherein the determination occurs before the web page is updated. 19. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
receiving a selection associated with the second item; sending a web page request for a second web page from the website after the selection is received; receiving the second web page from the website; sending, to the integration server computer, another script request; receiving a second integration script from the integration server computer; executing the second integration script on the client computer; sending, using the second integration script, information associated with the selection to the integration server computer; receiving information to display on the second web page from the integration server computer in response to sending the information associated with the selection; updating, using the second integration script, the second web page to include at least a portion of the information to display on the second web page; and displaying the updated second web page on the client computer. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the script request is sent using a plug-in module that is an invisible component of the web page, and wherein the other script request is sent using a second plug-in module that is an invisible component of the second web page. 21. The method of claim 11, wherein the information associated with the second item includes a format to display the second item on the web page, an identification of the second item, and a location to place at least a portion of the information associated with the second item on the web page. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the information associated with the second item further includes a variant of the second item, and wherein the variant includes a customization of the second item for a user associated with the client computer. | 3,700 |
342,102 | 16,802,457 | 3,774 | Novel tools and techniques in a telecommunication network are provided for implementing a data link layer control plane that may comply with the Ethernet standard and with sub-millisecond transmission control capabilities across multiple dis-similar technologies and bandwidth links. The framework provides a dynamic modular traffic control function insertion, removal, mapping function by having interpreter functions in the protocol agents that can map states and commands to sub-service chain functions that are configured per path and quality of service (QoS) flows. The control protocol provides high levels of resiliency and reliability by having a replicating function that transmits the same control protocol frames across multiple links simultaneously. The agents are multi-chassis capable and support hitless service impacts for administrative changes. Control plane messages may be encoded as a data plane frame and be transmitted at a high rate using the data plane. | 1. A method for operating a telecommunication network having a data plane and a control plane, the method comprising:
receiving or generating, at a first network node, (i) a control plane message that belongs to the control plane and (ii) mapping information associated with how the control plane message should be transmitted; determining, based on the mapping information, whether the control plane message is to be sent via the data plane or the control plane; transmitting, responsive to determining that the control plane message is to be sent via the data plane, a data plane frame via the data plane by injecting the data plane frame into a traffic of data payload frames, the data plane frame carrying a version of the control plane message and having a marking signifying that the data plane frame carries the control plane message; and transmitting, responsive to determining that the control plane message is to be sent via the control plane, a control plane frame encapsulating the control plane message via the control plane. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the version of the control plane message is an encoded message that fits a section of the data plane frame's header and the data plane frame carries the version of the control plane message in the section of the data plane frame's header. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, at a second network node, a plurality of frames transmitted via the data plane; determining that one of the received frames including the marking as the data plane frame encoding the control plane message; returning the control plane message to a part of a flow of the control plane based on the mapping information; and determining that at least one of the other frames of the plurality of frames that do not include the marking as one of the data payload frames. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the first network node and the second network node belong to be part of a topology of the telecommunication network, the topology is selected from one of the following: point-to-point, star, mesh, chain, bus, or ring, or a combination of two or more topologies. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the first network node and the second network node communicate through one or more channels of different media, the media including one or more of the following: free space optical communication, radio frequency, E band, microwave, mobile wireless, fixed wireless, or an Ethernet based transport facility. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the data plane frame is performed by a first processor of the first network node, the first processor belonging to the data plane, and generating the control plane frame is performed by a second processor of the first network node, the second processor belonging to the control plane. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the first processor is a network processing unit (NPU) or a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) and the second processor is a central processing unit (CPU). 8. The method of claim 6, wherein determining, based on the mapping information, whether the control plane message is to be sent via the data plane or the control plane is performed by a third processor of the first network node, the third processor, based on a mapping function and the mapping information, determines whether to transmits the control plane message to the first processor or the second processor. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the data plane frame encoded the control plane message is codified in a specific format. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the specific format complies with the Ethernet frame standard. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the control plane frame is transmitted during a lapse of data plane traffic. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein transmitting the data plane frame via the data plane is via a channel operating at the channel's line rate. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the control plane message is part of a network traffic control function to be added to or removed from the telecommunication network. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the control plane message is transmitted from an external source through an application program interface of the telecommunication network. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the telecommunication network is a local network that includes free space optical communication. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the first network node toggles between at least two states, and the at least two states comprises a first state where the data plane has data traffic and a second state where the data plane has no data traffic. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the mapping information includes port information, traffic control function, and quality of service specification. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein the telecommunication network includes a plurality of channels, the method further comprises:
determining states of the plurality of channels; and determining a mapping of the control plane message based on the mapping information and the states of the channels to determine whether the control plane message is to be sent via the data plane or the control plane. 19. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
replicating, at the first network node, the data plane frame encoding the control plane message to generate copies of the control plane message; sending the copies through a plurality of channels to a second network node; and selecting, at the second network node, one or more received copies transmitted via the plurality of channels. 20. A network node in a telecommunication network having a data plane and a control plane, the network node comprising:
a first processor configured to determine, based on mapping information associated with a control plane message received or generated at the network node, whether the control plane message is to be sent via the data plane or the control plane; a second processor configured to, responsive to the first processor determining that the control plane message is to be sent via the data plane, at least:
inject a data plane frame encoding the control plane message into a traffic of data payload frames for transmission of the data plane fame via the data plane, the data plane frame carrying a version of the control plane message and having a marking signifying that the data plane frame carries the control plane message, and
a third processor configured to, responsive to the first processor determining that the control plane message is to be sent via the control plane, at least cause a transmission of a control plane frame encapsulating the control plane message via the control plane. | Novel tools and techniques in a telecommunication network are provided for implementing a data link layer control plane that may comply with the Ethernet standard and with sub-millisecond transmission control capabilities across multiple dis-similar technologies and bandwidth links. The framework provides a dynamic modular traffic control function insertion, removal, mapping function by having interpreter functions in the protocol agents that can map states and commands to sub-service chain functions that are configured per path and quality of service (QoS) flows. The control protocol provides high levels of resiliency and reliability by having a replicating function that transmits the same control protocol frames across multiple links simultaneously. The agents are multi-chassis capable and support hitless service impacts for administrative changes. Control plane messages may be encoded as a data plane frame and be transmitted at a high rate using the data plane.1. A method for operating a telecommunication network having a data plane and a control plane, the method comprising:
receiving or generating, at a first network node, (i) a control plane message that belongs to the control plane and (ii) mapping information associated with how the control plane message should be transmitted; determining, based on the mapping information, whether the control plane message is to be sent via the data plane or the control plane; transmitting, responsive to determining that the control plane message is to be sent via the data plane, a data plane frame via the data plane by injecting the data plane frame into a traffic of data payload frames, the data plane frame carrying a version of the control plane message and having a marking signifying that the data plane frame carries the control plane message; and transmitting, responsive to determining that the control plane message is to be sent via the control plane, a control plane frame encapsulating the control plane message via the control plane. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the version of the control plane message is an encoded message that fits a section of the data plane frame's header and the data plane frame carries the version of the control plane message in the section of the data plane frame's header. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, at a second network node, a plurality of frames transmitted via the data plane; determining that one of the received frames including the marking as the data plane frame encoding the control plane message; returning the control plane message to a part of a flow of the control plane based on the mapping information; and determining that at least one of the other frames of the plurality of frames that do not include the marking as one of the data payload frames. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the first network node and the second network node belong to be part of a topology of the telecommunication network, the topology is selected from one of the following: point-to-point, star, mesh, chain, bus, or ring, or a combination of two or more topologies. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the first network node and the second network node communicate through one or more channels of different media, the media including one or more of the following: free space optical communication, radio frequency, E band, microwave, mobile wireless, fixed wireless, or an Ethernet based transport facility. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the data plane frame is performed by a first processor of the first network node, the first processor belonging to the data plane, and generating the control plane frame is performed by a second processor of the first network node, the second processor belonging to the control plane. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the first processor is a network processing unit (NPU) or a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) and the second processor is a central processing unit (CPU). 8. The method of claim 6, wherein determining, based on the mapping information, whether the control plane message is to be sent via the data plane or the control plane is performed by a third processor of the first network node, the third processor, based on a mapping function and the mapping information, determines whether to transmits the control plane message to the first processor or the second processor. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the data plane frame encoded the control plane message is codified in a specific format. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the specific format complies with the Ethernet frame standard. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the control plane frame is transmitted during a lapse of data plane traffic. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein transmitting the data plane frame via the data plane is via a channel operating at the channel's line rate. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the control plane message is part of a network traffic control function to be added to or removed from the telecommunication network. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the control plane message is transmitted from an external source through an application program interface of the telecommunication network. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the telecommunication network is a local network that includes free space optical communication. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the first network node toggles between at least two states, and the at least two states comprises a first state where the data plane has data traffic and a second state where the data plane has no data traffic. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the mapping information includes port information, traffic control function, and quality of service specification. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein the telecommunication network includes a plurality of channels, the method further comprises:
determining states of the plurality of channels; and determining a mapping of the control plane message based on the mapping information and the states of the channels to determine whether the control plane message is to be sent via the data plane or the control plane. 19. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
replicating, at the first network node, the data plane frame encoding the control plane message to generate copies of the control plane message; sending the copies through a plurality of channels to a second network node; and selecting, at the second network node, one or more received copies transmitted via the plurality of channels. 20. A network node in a telecommunication network having a data plane and a control plane, the network node comprising:
a first processor configured to determine, based on mapping information associated with a control plane message received or generated at the network node, whether the control plane message is to be sent via the data plane or the control plane; a second processor configured to, responsive to the first processor determining that the control plane message is to be sent via the data plane, at least:
inject a data plane frame encoding the control plane message into a traffic of data payload frames for transmission of the data plane fame via the data plane, the data plane frame carrying a version of the control plane message and having a marking signifying that the data plane frame carries the control plane message, and
a third processor configured to, responsive to the first processor determining that the control plane message is to be sent via the control plane, at least cause a transmission of a control plane frame encapsulating the control plane message via the control plane. | 3,700 |
342,103 | 16,802,468 | 3,774 | A semiconductor device package includes: (1) a conductive base comprising a sidewall, a cavity defined from a first surface of the conductive base, the cavity having a bottom surface and a depth; (2) a semiconductor die disposed on the bottom surface of the cavity, the semiconductor die having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface, the second surface of the semiconductor die bonded to the bottom surface of the cavity; and (3) a first insulating material covering the sidewall of the conductive base and extending to a bottom surface of the conductive base. | 1-20. (canceled) 21. A semiconductor device package, comprising:
a first conductive base comprising a sidewall; a second conductive base; wherein the first conductive base is electrically connected to the second conductive base; a semiconductor die disposed on first conductive base, the semiconductor die having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface; and a first insulating material covering the semiconductor die, the second conductive base and the sidewall of the first conductive base. 22. The semiconductor device package of claim 21, the first conductive base further comprises a cavity defined from a first surface of the first conductive base, the cavity having a bottom surface and a depth, the second surface of the semiconductor die bonded to the bottom surface of the cavity. 23. The semiconductor device package of claim 21, wherein the second conductive base further comprises a vertical sidewall and a curved lateral surface, and the vertical sidewall of the second conductive base is coplanar with a lateral surface of the first insulating material. 24. The semiconductor device package of claim 21, wherein the second conductive base further comprises a vertical sidewall and a curved lateral surface, and a portion of the curved lateral surface of the second conductive base faces a bottom surface of the second conductive base. 25. The semiconductor device package of claim 21, further comprising a conductive layer extending from the semiconductor die and disposed on the first insulating material. 26. The semiconductor device package of claim 21, wherein the second conductive base further comprises a vertical sidewall and a curved lateral surface and the vertical sidewall of the second conductive base is exposed and the curved lateral surface of the second conductive base is covered by the first insulating material. 27. The semiconductor device package of claim 21, wherein the first conductive base further comprises a curved lateral surface and the second conductive base further comprises a vertical sidewall and a curved lateral surface, and wherein the curved lateral surface of the first conductive base is opposite to a curved lateral surface of the second conductive base. 28. The semiconductor device package of claim 21, wherein the first insulating material covers the sidewall of the first conductive base. 29. The semiconductor device package of claim 21, wherein the second conductive base comprises a stepped structure, wherein the stepped structure is filled with the first insulating material. 30. The semiconductor device package of claim 21, further comprising a conductive layer extending from the semiconductor die to the second conductive base. 31. The semiconductor device package of claim 21, wherein the second conductive base further comprises a vertical sidewall and a curved lateral surface, and the vertical sidewall of the second conductive base is the outermost surface. 32. The semiconductor device package of claim 21, wherein the first conductive base further comprises a plurality of protrusions from a top view perspective. 33. A semiconductor device package, comprising:
a first conductive base comprising:
a sidewall;
a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface; and
a second conductive base; wherein the first conductive base is electrically connected to the second conductive base; a semiconductor die disposed on the first conductive base, the semiconductor die having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface; a protection layer disposed on the first conductive base and the semiconductor die, the protection layer having a first surface; and a first insulating material covering the second conductive base and the sidewall of the first conductive base. 34. The semiconductor device package of claim 33, the first conductive base further comprises a cavity defined from the first surface of the first conductive base, the cavity having a bottom surface and a depth, the second surface of the semiconductor die bonded to the bottom surface of the cavity. 35. The semiconductor device package of claim 33, wherein the second conductive base further comprises a vertical sidewall and a curved lateral surface, and a portion of the curved lateral surface of the second conductive base faces a bottom surface of the second conductive base and wherein the vertical sidewall of the second conductive base is a singulation portion. 36. The semiconductor device package of claim 33, further comprising a conductive layer extending from the semiconductor die and disposed on the first insulating material. 37. The semiconductor device package of claim 33, wherein the second conductive base further comprises a vertical sidewall and a curved lateral surface, and the vertical sidewall of the second conductive base is exposed and the curved lateral surface of the second conductive base is covered by the first insulating material. 38. The semiconductor device package of claim 33, wherein the first conductive base further comprises a curved lateral surface and the second conductive base further comprises a vertical sidewall and a curved lateral surface, and wherein the curved lateral surface of the first conductive base is opposite to the curved lateral surface of the second conductive base. 39. A semiconductor device package, comprising:
a first conductive base comprising a sidewall; a second conductive base comprising a vertical sidewall and a curved lateral surface; wherein the first conductive base is electrically connected to the second conductive base; a semiconductor die disposed on first conductive base, the semiconductor die having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface; and a first insulating material covering the semiconductor die and the sidewall of the first conductive base. 40. The semiconductor device package of claim 39, wherein the first conductive base further comprises a curved lateral surface, and wherein the curved lateral surface of the first conductive base is opposite to the curved lateral surface of the second conductive base. 41. The semiconductor device package of claim 39, wherein the vertical sidewall of the second conductive base is coplanar with a lateral surface of the first insulating material. | A semiconductor device package includes: (1) a conductive base comprising a sidewall, a cavity defined from a first surface of the conductive base, the cavity having a bottom surface and a depth; (2) a semiconductor die disposed on the bottom surface of the cavity, the semiconductor die having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface, the second surface of the semiconductor die bonded to the bottom surface of the cavity; and (3) a first insulating material covering the sidewall of the conductive base and extending to a bottom surface of the conductive base.1-20. (canceled) 21. A semiconductor device package, comprising:
a first conductive base comprising a sidewall; a second conductive base; wherein the first conductive base is electrically connected to the second conductive base; a semiconductor die disposed on first conductive base, the semiconductor die having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface; and a first insulating material covering the semiconductor die, the second conductive base and the sidewall of the first conductive base. 22. The semiconductor device package of claim 21, the first conductive base further comprises a cavity defined from a first surface of the first conductive base, the cavity having a bottom surface and a depth, the second surface of the semiconductor die bonded to the bottom surface of the cavity. 23. The semiconductor device package of claim 21, wherein the second conductive base further comprises a vertical sidewall and a curved lateral surface, and the vertical sidewall of the second conductive base is coplanar with a lateral surface of the first insulating material. 24. The semiconductor device package of claim 21, wherein the second conductive base further comprises a vertical sidewall and a curved lateral surface, and a portion of the curved lateral surface of the second conductive base faces a bottom surface of the second conductive base. 25. The semiconductor device package of claim 21, further comprising a conductive layer extending from the semiconductor die and disposed on the first insulating material. 26. The semiconductor device package of claim 21, wherein the second conductive base further comprises a vertical sidewall and a curved lateral surface and the vertical sidewall of the second conductive base is exposed and the curved lateral surface of the second conductive base is covered by the first insulating material. 27. The semiconductor device package of claim 21, wherein the first conductive base further comprises a curved lateral surface and the second conductive base further comprises a vertical sidewall and a curved lateral surface, and wherein the curved lateral surface of the first conductive base is opposite to a curved lateral surface of the second conductive base. 28. The semiconductor device package of claim 21, wherein the first insulating material covers the sidewall of the first conductive base. 29. The semiconductor device package of claim 21, wherein the second conductive base comprises a stepped structure, wherein the stepped structure is filled with the first insulating material. 30. The semiconductor device package of claim 21, further comprising a conductive layer extending from the semiconductor die to the second conductive base. 31. The semiconductor device package of claim 21, wherein the second conductive base further comprises a vertical sidewall and a curved lateral surface, and the vertical sidewall of the second conductive base is the outermost surface. 32. The semiconductor device package of claim 21, wherein the first conductive base further comprises a plurality of protrusions from a top view perspective. 33. A semiconductor device package, comprising:
a first conductive base comprising:
a sidewall;
a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface; and
a second conductive base; wherein the first conductive base is electrically connected to the second conductive base; a semiconductor die disposed on the first conductive base, the semiconductor die having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface; a protection layer disposed on the first conductive base and the semiconductor die, the protection layer having a first surface; and a first insulating material covering the second conductive base and the sidewall of the first conductive base. 34. The semiconductor device package of claim 33, the first conductive base further comprises a cavity defined from the first surface of the first conductive base, the cavity having a bottom surface and a depth, the second surface of the semiconductor die bonded to the bottom surface of the cavity. 35. The semiconductor device package of claim 33, wherein the second conductive base further comprises a vertical sidewall and a curved lateral surface, and a portion of the curved lateral surface of the second conductive base faces a bottom surface of the second conductive base and wherein the vertical sidewall of the second conductive base is a singulation portion. 36. The semiconductor device package of claim 33, further comprising a conductive layer extending from the semiconductor die and disposed on the first insulating material. 37. The semiconductor device package of claim 33, wherein the second conductive base further comprises a vertical sidewall and a curved lateral surface, and the vertical sidewall of the second conductive base is exposed and the curved lateral surface of the second conductive base is covered by the first insulating material. 38. The semiconductor device package of claim 33, wherein the first conductive base further comprises a curved lateral surface and the second conductive base further comprises a vertical sidewall and a curved lateral surface, and wherein the curved lateral surface of the first conductive base is opposite to the curved lateral surface of the second conductive base. 39. A semiconductor device package, comprising:
a first conductive base comprising a sidewall; a second conductive base comprising a vertical sidewall and a curved lateral surface; wherein the first conductive base is electrically connected to the second conductive base; a semiconductor die disposed on first conductive base, the semiconductor die having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface; and a first insulating material covering the semiconductor die and the sidewall of the first conductive base. 40. The semiconductor device package of claim 39, wherein the first conductive base further comprises a curved lateral surface, and wherein the curved lateral surface of the first conductive base is opposite to the curved lateral surface of the second conductive base. 41. The semiconductor device package of claim 39, wherein the vertical sidewall of the second conductive base is coplanar with a lateral surface of the first insulating material. | 3,700 |
342,104 | 16,802,471 | 3,774 | A semiconductor storage device includes a first memory cell and a second memory cell which are connected to each other in series, a first word line which is connected to the first memory cell, a second word line which is connected to the second memory cell, and a control circuit. The control circuit is configured to charge a first node while applying a second voltage to the second word line and a first voltage to the first word line, to charge a second node on the basis of a voltage of the charged first node, to discharge the second node while applying the second voltage to the second word line and a third voltage to the first word line, and to read data from the first memory cell on the basis of voltages of the charged and discharged second node. | 1. A semiconductor storage device comprising:
a first memory cell and a second memory cell which are connected to each other in series; a first word line which is connected to the first memory cell; a second word line which is connected to the second memory cell; and a control circuit, wherein the control circuit is configured to charge a first node while applying a second voltage to the second word line and a first voltage to the first word line, to charge a second node on the basis of a voltage of the charged first node, to discharge the second node while applying the second voltage to the second word line and a third voltage to the first word line, and to read data from the first memory cell on the basis of voltages of the charged and discharged second node. 2. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, wherein the third voltage is higher than the first voltage and lower than the second voltage. 3. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 2, wherein the first voltage is a negative voltage. 4. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, wherein the control circuit is configured to charge the second node and then discharge the second node. 5. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 4, wherein a first period in which the second node is charged is longer than a second period in which the second node is discharged. 6. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 4, wherein the first period in which the second node is charged is equal to the second period in which the second node is discharged. 7. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, wherein the control circuit is configured to discharge the second node while charging the second node. 8. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, wherein the control circuit includes
a first transistor which connects the first node to the first memory cell and the second memory cell, a second transistor which includes a first end connected to the first node and a second end connected to a third node, a third transistor which includes a first end connected to the third node, a grounded second end, and a gate connected to the first node, a fourth transistor which includes a first end connected to the second node and a second end connected to the third node, and a fifth transistor which connects the second node to the first memory cell and the second memory cell. 9. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 8, wherein the third transistor has a polarity different from polarities of the first transistor, the second transistor, the fourth transistor, and the fifth transistor. 10. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 8, wherein the control circuit further includes
a first capacitor which is connected to the first node, and a second capacitor which is connected to the second node. 11. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 8, wherein the control circuit is configured to charge the first node by setting the fourth transistor and the fifth transistor to be in an off state while setting the first transistor, the second transistor, and the third transistor to be in an on state, to charge the second node by setting the first transistor and the second transistor to be in an off state while setting the third transistor and the fourth transistor to be in an on state, and to discharge the second node by setting the first transistor and the second transistor to be in an off state while setting the fifth transistor to be in an on state. 12. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 8, wherein the control circuit further includes a fifth transistor including a first end connected to a third node and a gate connected to the second node and is configured to apply equal voltages to the third node before the second node is charged and after the second node is discharged. 13. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 8, wherein the control circuit further includes a fifth transistor including a first end connected to a third node and a gate connected to the second node and is configured to apply a fourth voltage to the third node before the second node is charged and to apply a fifth voltage lower than the fourth voltage to the third node after the second node is discharged. 14. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a third memory cell which is connected to the first memory cell in parallel with respect to the second memory cell; a fourth memory cell which is connected to the second memory cell in parallel with respect to the first memory cell and connected to the third memory cell in series; a third word line which is connected to the third memory cell; and a fourth word line which is connected to the fourth memory cell, wherein the third memory cell and the fourth memory cell share a well region with the first memory cell and the second memory cell and are arranged so that the well region is interposed therebetween. 15. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 14, wherein the control circuit is configured to charge the first node while applying the second voltage to the second word line, the third word line, and the fourth word line and the first voltage to the first word line, and to discharge the second node while applying the second voltage to the second word line, the third word line, and the fourth word line and a third voltage to the first word line. 16. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 14, wherein the control circuit is configured to charge the first node while applying the second voltage to the second word line and the fourth word line and the first voltage to the first word line and the third word line, and to discharge the second node while applying a third voltage to the first word line, the second voltage to the second word line and the fourth word line, and the first voltage to the third word line. 17. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 14, wherein the control circuit is configured to charge the first node while applying the second voltage to the second word line and the first voltage to the first word line, the third word line, and the fourth word line, and to discharge the second node while applying a third voltage to the first word line, the second voltage to the second word line, and the first voltage to the third word line and the fourth word line. 18. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 14, wherein the control circuit is configured to charge the first node while applying the second voltage to the second word line and the third word line and the first voltage to the first word line and the fourth word line, and to discharge the second node while applying a third voltage to the first word line, the second voltage to the second word line and the third word line, and the first voltage to the fourth word line, and
the fourth memory cell is provided between the third memory cell and a bit line. 19. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 14, wherein the control circuit is configured to charge the first node while applying the second voltage to the second word line and applying the first voltage to the first word line, the third word line, and the fourth word line, and to discharge the second node while applying a third voltage to the first word line, the second voltage to the second word line, and the first voltage to the third word line and the fourth word line, and
the fourth memory cell is provided between the third memory cell and a bit line. 20. A method of performing a read operation in a semiconductor storage device that includes a first memory cell and a second memory cell which are connected to each other in series, a first word line which is connected to the first memory cell, and a second word line which is connected to the second memory cell, said method comprising:
charging a first node while applying a second voltage to the second word line and a first voltage to the first word line; charging a second node on the basis of a voltage of the charged first node; discharging the second node while applying the second voltage to the second word line and a third voltage to the first word line, wherein the third voltage is greater than the first voltage and less than the second voltage; and reading data from the first memory cell on the basis of voltages of the charged and discharged second node. | A semiconductor storage device includes a first memory cell and a second memory cell which are connected to each other in series, a first word line which is connected to the first memory cell, a second word line which is connected to the second memory cell, and a control circuit. The control circuit is configured to charge a first node while applying a second voltage to the second word line and a first voltage to the first word line, to charge a second node on the basis of a voltage of the charged first node, to discharge the second node while applying the second voltage to the second word line and a third voltage to the first word line, and to read data from the first memory cell on the basis of voltages of the charged and discharged second node.1. A semiconductor storage device comprising:
a first memory cell and a second memory cell which are connected to each other in series; a first word line which is connected to the first memory cell; a second word line which is connected to the second memory cell; and a control circuit, wherein the control circuit is configured to charge a first node while applying a second voltage to the second word line and a first voltage to the first word line, to charge a second node on the basis of a voltage of the charged first node, to discharge the second node while applying the second voltage to the second word line and a third voltage to the first word line, and to read data from the first memory cell on the basis of voltages of the charged and discharged second node. 2. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, wherein the third voltage is higher than the first voltage and lower than the second voltage. 3. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 2, wherein the first voltage is a negative voltage. 4. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, wherein the control circuit is configured to charge the second node and then discharge the second node. 5. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 4, wherein a first period in which the second node is charged is longer than a second period in which the second node is discharged. 6. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 4, wherein the first period in which the second node is charged is equal to the second period in which the second node is discharged. 7. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, wherein the control circuit is configured to discharge the second node while charging the second node. 8. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, wherein the control circuit includes
a first transistor which connects the first node to the first memory cell and the second memory cell, a second transistor which includes a first end connected to the first node and a second end connected to a third node, a third transistor which includes a first end connected to the third node, a grounded second end, and a gate connected to the first node, a fourth transistor which includes a first end connected to the second node and a second end connected to the third node, and a fifth transistor which connects the second node to the first memory cell and the second memory cell. 9. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 8, wherein the third transistor has a polarity different from polarities of the first transistor, the second transistor, the fourth transistor, and the fifth transistor. 10. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 8, wherein the control circuit further includes
a first capacitor which is connected to the first node, and a second capacitor which is connected to the second node. 11. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 8, wherein the control circuit is configured to charge the first node by setting the fourth transistor and the fifth transistor to be in an off state while setting the first transistor, the second transistor, and the third transistor to be in an on state, to charge the second node by setting the first transistor and the second transistor to be in an off state while setting the third transistor and the fourth transistor to be in an on state, and to discharge the second node by setting the first transistor and the second transistor to be in an off state while setting the fifth transistor to be in an on state. 12. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 8, wherein the control circuit further includes a fifth transistor including a first end connected to a third node and a gate connected to the second node and is configured to apply equal voltages to the third node before the second node is charged and after the second node is discharged. 13. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 8, wherein the control circuit further includes a fifth transistor including a first end connected to a third node and a gate connected to the second node and is configured to apply a fourth voltage to the third node before the second node is charged and to apply a fifth voltage lower than the fourth voltage to the third node after the second node is discharged. 14. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a third memory cell which is connected to the first memory cell in parallel with respect to the second memory cell; a fourth memory cell which is connected to the second memory cell in parallel with respect to the first memory cell and connected to the third memory cell in series; a third word line which is connected to the third memory cell; and a fourth word line which is connected to the fourth memory cell, wherein the third memory cell and the fourth memory cell share a well region with the first memory cell and the second memory cell and are arranged so that the well region is interposed therebetween. 15. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 14, wherein the control circuit is configured to charge the first node while applying the second voltage to the second word line, the third word line, and the fourth word line and the first voltage to the first word line, and to discharge the second node while applying the second voltage to the second word line, the third word line, and the fourth word line and a third voltage to the first word line. 16. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 14, wherein the control circuit is configured to charge the first node while applying the second voltage to the second word line and the fourth word line and the first voltage to the first word line and the third word line, and to discharge the second node while applying a third voltage to the first word line, the second voltage to the second word line and the fourth word line, and the first voltage to the third word line. 17. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 14, wherein the control circuit is configured to charge the first node while applying the second voltage to the second word line and the first voltage to the first word line, the third word line, and the fourth word line, and to discharge the second node while applying a third voltage to the first word line, the second voltage to the second word line, and the first voltage to the third word line and the fourth word line. 18. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 14, wherein the control circuit is configured to charge the first node while applying the second voltage to the second word line and the third word line and the first voltage to the first word line and the fourth word line, and to discharge the second node while applying a third voltage to the first word line, the second voltage to the second word line and the third word line, and the first voltage to the fourth word line, and
the fourth memory cell is provided between the third memory cell and a bit line. 19. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 14, wherein the control circuit is configured to charge the first node while applying the second voltage to the second word line and applying the first voltage to the first word line, the third word line, and the fourth word line, and to discharge the second node while applying a third voltage to the first word line, the second voltage to the second word line, and the first voltage to the third word line and the fourth word line, and
the fourth memory cell is provided between the third memory cell and a bit line. 20. A method of performing a read operation in a semiconductor storage device that includes a first memory cell and a second memory cell which are connected to each other in series, a first word line which is connected to the first memory cell, and a second word line which is connected to the second memory cell, said method comprising:
charging a first node while applying a second voltage to the second word line and a first voltage to the first word line; charging a second node on the basis of a voltage of the charged first node; discharging the second node while applying the second voltage to the second word line and a third voltage to the first word line, wherein the third voltage is greater than the first voltage and less than the second voltage; and reading data from the first memory cell on the basis of voltages of the charged and discharged second node. | 3,700 |
342,105 | 16,802,477 | 3,774 | A memory controller performs a reference read on a plurality of memory cells using reference read voltages, generates a histogram indicating the number of memory cells in different threshold voltage bins based on results of the reference read, estimates actual read voltages based on the histogram and a first estimation function, and reads data using the actual read voltages. When reading of the data with the actual read voltages estimated using the first estimation function fails, the memory controller estimates actual read voltages using a second estimation function different from the first estimation function and reads the data with the actual read voltages estimated using the second estimation function. | 1. A memory system comprising:
a plurality of memory cells in which data is stored; and a memory controller that is configured to: execute a first reference read operation of performing a read on the plurality of memory cells by using one or more first reference read voltages, execute a first counting process of generating a first histogram indicating the number of memory cells in different threshold voltage bins based on a result of the first reference read operation, execute a first estimation process of estimating one or more actual read voltages based on the first histogram and a first estimation function, execute a first actual read operation of reading the data by using the one or more actual read voltages estimated by the first estimation process, and execute a second estimation process and a second actual read operation when the first actual read operation fails, wherein the second estimation process is a process of estimating the one or more actual read voltages by using a second estimation function different from the first estimation function, and the second actual read operation is a process of reading the data by using the one or more actual read voltages estimated by the second estimation process. 2. The memory system according to claim 1,
wherein in the second estimation process, the memory controller estimates at least one of the one or more actual read voltages based on the first histogram and the second estimation function. 3. The memory system according to claim 1,
wherein the memory controller is further configured to determine whether or not to skip the first estimation process and the first actual read operation based on the first histogram. 4. The memory system according to claim 1,
the memory controller is further configured to determine whether or not to skip the first actual read operation based on the one or more actual read voltages estimated by the first estimation process. 5. The memory system according to claim 1, wherein the memory controller is further configured to:
execute a second reference read operation and a second counting process when the first actual read operation fails, and wherein the second reference read operation is a process of performing a read on the plurality of memory cells by using one or more second reference read voltages different from the one or more first reference read voltages, the second counting process is a process of generating a second histogram having more threshold voltage bins than the first histogram based on the result of the first reference read operation and a result of the second reference read operation, and in the second estimation process, the memory controller estimates the one or more actual read voltages based on the second histogram and the second estimation function. 6. The memory system according to claim 1, wherein the memory system is connected to a host, and the memory controller is configured to:
execute a third actual read operation of reading the data according to a read command from the host, and execute the first reference read operation when the third actual read operation fails. 7. A memory system comprising:
a plurality of memory cells in which data is stored; and a memory controller that is configured to execute: a counting process of generating a histogram indicating the number of memory cells in different threshold voltage bins by performing a read on the plurality of memory cells by using one or more reference read voltages, a selection process of selecting one of a plurality of estimation functions, a first estimation process of estimating one or more actual read voltages based on the histogram and a first estimation function, which is an estimation function selected by the selection process, and a first actual read operation of reading the data by using the one or more actual read voltages estimated by the first estimation process. 8. The memory system according to claim 7, wherein the memory controller is configured to:
execute a second estimation process and a second actual read operation when the first actual read operation fails, and wherein the second estimation process is a process of estimating the one or more actual read voltages by using a second estimation function different from the first estimation function among the plurality of estimation functions, and the second actual read operation is a process of reading the data by using the one or more actual read voltages estimated by the second estimation process. 9. The memory system according to claim 7,
wherein in the selection process, the memory controller selects the first estimation function based on the histogram. 10. The memory system according to claim 7,
wherein in the selection process, the memory controller selects the first estimation function based on at least one of: the number of executions of a program and erase cycle on the plurality of memory cells, the number of executions of a read operation for the data on the plurality of memory cells, an elapsed time since the data has been programmed into the plurality of memory cells, and a temperature. 11. The memory system according to claim 7, wherein the memory system is connected to a host, and the memory controller is configured to:
execute a third actual read operation of reading the data according to a read command from the host, and execute the counting process when the third actual read operation fails. 12. A method of performing a read operation in a memory system that includes a plurality of memory cells in which data is stored, said method comprising:
executing a first reference read operation of performing a read on the plurality of memory cells by using one or more first reference read voltages; executing a first counting process of generating a first histogram indicating the number of memory cells in different threshold voltage bins based on a result of the first reference read operation; executing a first estimation process of estimating one or more actual read voltages based on the first histogram and a first estimation function; executing a first actual read operation of reading the data by using the one or more actual read voltages estimated by the first estimation process; and executing a second estimation process and a second actual read operation when the first actual read operation fails, wherein the second estimation process is a process of estimating the one or more actual read voltages by using a second estimation function different from the first estimation function, and the second actual read operation is a process of reading the data by using the one or more actual read voltages estimated by the second estimation process. 13. The method according to claim 12,
wherein in the second estimation process, at least one of the one or more actual read voltages is estimated based on the first histogram and the second estimation function. 14. The method according to claim 12, further comprising:
prior to executing the first estimation process and the first actual read operation, determining whether or not to skip the first estimation process and the first actual read operation based on the first histogram. 15. The method according to claim 12, further comprising:
prior to executing the first actual read operation, determining whether or not to skip the first actual read operation based on the one or more actual read voltages estimated by the first estimation process. 16. The method according to claim 12, further comprising:
executing a second reference read operation and a second counting process when the first actual read operation fails, wherein the second reference read operation is a process of performing a read on the plurality of memory cells by using one or more second reference read voltages different from the one or more first reference read voltages, the second counting process is a process of generating a second histogram having more threshold voltage bins than the first histogram based on the result of the first reference read operation and a result of the second reference read operation, and in the second estimation process, the one or more actual read voltages is estimated based on the second histogram and the second estimation function. 17. The method according to claim 12, further comprising:
prior to executing the first reference read operation, executing a third actual read operation of reading the data according to a read command from the host, wherein the first reference read operation is executed when the third actual read operation fails. | A memory controller performs a reference read on a plurality of memory cells using reference read voltages, generates a histogram indicating the number of memory cells in different threshold voltage bins based on results of the reference read, estimates actual read voltages based on the histogram and a first estimation function, and reads data using the actual read voltages. When reading of the data with the actual read voltages estimated using the first estimation function fails, the memory controller estimates actual read voltages using a second estimation function different from the first estimation function and reads the data with the actual read voltages estimated using the second estimation function.1. A memory system comprising:
a plurality of memory cells in which data is stored; and a memory controller that is configured to: execute a first reference read operation of performing a read on the plurality of memory cells by using one or more first reference read voltages, execute a first counting process of generating a first histogram indicating the number of memory cells in different threshold voltage bins based on a result of the first reference read operation, execute a first estimation process of estimating one or more actual read voltages based on the first histogram and a first estimation function, execute a first actual read operation of reading the data by using the one or more actual read voltages estimated by the first estimation process, and execute a second estimation process and a second actual read operation when the first actual read operation fails, wherein the second estimation process is a process of estimating the one or more actual read voltages by using a second estimation function different from the first estimation function, and the second actual read operation is a process of reading the data by using the one or more actual read voltages estimated by the second estimation process. 2. The memory system according to claim 1,
wherein in the second estimation process, the memory controller estimates at least one of the one or more actual read voltages based on the first histogram and the second estimation function. 3. The memory system according to claim 1,
wherein the memory controller is further configured to determine whether or not to skip the first estimation process and the first actual read operation based on the first histogram. 4. The memory system according to claim 1,
the memory controller is further configured to determine whether or not to skip the first actual read operation based on the one or more actual read voltages estimated by the first estimation process. 5. The memory system according to claim 1, wherein the memory controller is further configured to:
execute a second reference read operation and a second counting process when the first actual read operation fails, and wherein the second reference read operation is a process of performing a read on the plurality of memory cells by using one or more second reference read voltages different from the one or more first reference read voltages, the second counting process is a process of generating a second histogram having more threshold voltage bins than the first histogram based on the result of the first reference read operation and a result of the second reference read operation, and in the second estimation process, the memory controller estimates the one or more actual read voltages based on the second histogram and the second estimation function. 6. The memory system according to claim 1, wherein the memory system is connected to a host, and the memory controller is configured to:
execute a third actual read operation of reading the data according to a read command from the host, and execute the first reference read operation when the third actual read operation fails. 7. A memory system comprising:
a plurality of memory cells in which data is stored; and a memory controller that is configured to execute: a counting process of generating a histogram indicating the number of memory cells in different threshold voltage bins by performing a read on the plurality of memory cells by using one or more reference read voltages, a selection process of selecting one of a plurality of estimation functions, a first estimation process of estimating one or more actual read voltages based on the histogram and a first estimation function, which is an estimation function selected by the selection process, and a first actual read operation of reading the data by using the one or more actual read voltages estimated by the first estimation process. 8. The memory system according to claim 7, wherein the memory controller is configured to:
execute a second estimation process and a second actual read operation when the first actual read operation fails, and wherein the second estimation process is a process of estimating the one or more actual read voltages by using a second estimation function different from the first estimation function among the plurality of estimation functions, and the second actual read operation is a process of reading the data by using the one or more actual read voltages estimated by the second estimation process. 9. The memory system according to claim 7,
wherein in the selection process, the memory controller selects the first estimation function based on the histogram. 10. The memory system according to claim 7,
wherein in the selection process, the memory controller selects the first estimation function based on at least one of: the number of executions of a program and erase cycle on the plurality of memory cells, the number of executions of a read operation for the data on the plurality of memory cells, an elapsed time since the data has been programmed into the plurality of memory cells, and a temperature. 11. The memory system according to claim 7, wherein the memory system is connected to a host, and the memory controller is configured to:
execute a third actual read operation of reading the data according to a read command from the host, and execute the counting process when the third actual read operation fails. 12. A method of performing a read operation in a memory system that includes a plurality of memory cells in which data is stored, said method comprising:
executing a first reference read operation of performing a read on the plurality of memory cells by using one or more first reference read voltages; executing a first counting process of generating a first histogram indicating the number of memory cells in different threshold voltage bins based on a result of the first reference read operation; executing a first estimation process of estimating one or more actual read voltages based on the first histogram and a first estimation function; executing a first actual read operation of reading the data by using the one or more actual read voltages estimated by the first estimation process; and executing a second estimation process and a second actual read operation when the first actual read operation fails, wherein the second estimation process is a process of estimating the one or more actual read voltages by using a second estimation function different from the first estimation function, and the second actual read operation is a process of reading the data by using the one or more actual read voltages estimated by the second estimation process. 13. The method according to claim 12,
wherein in the second estimation process, at least one of the one or more actual read voltages is estimated based on the first histogram and the second estimation function. 14. The method according to claim 12, further comprising:
prior to executing the first estimation process and the first actual read operation, determining whether or not to skip the first estimation process and the first actual read operation based on the first histogram. 15. The method according to claim 12, further comprising:
prior to executing the first actual read operation, determining whether or not to skip the first actual read operation based on the one or more actual read voltages estimated by the first estimation process. 16. The method according to claim 12, further comprising:
executing a second reference read operation and a second counting process when the first actual read operation fails, wherein the second reference read operation is a process of performing a read on the plurality of memory cells by using one or more second reference read voltages different from the one or more first reference read voltages, the second counting process is a process of generating a second histogram having more threshold voltage bins than the first histogram based on the result of the first reference read operation and a result of the second reference read operation, and in the second estimation process, the one or more actual read voltages is estimated based on the second histogram and the second estimation function. 17. The method according to claim 12, further comprising:
prior to executing the first reference read operation, executing a third actual read operation of reading the data according to a read command from the host, wherein the first reference read operation is executed when the third actual read operation fails. | 3,700 |
342,106 | 16,802,469 | 3,774 | This application pertains to gift-giving and video-dropping methods and systems. A gift drop or a video drop is facilitated using a mobile smart device and an interactive map. The system includes a gift or video drop database stored in a remote gift drop computer server. The system includes a gift or video drop logic section operable on a smart mobile device or a computer. The gift or video drop logic section includes an interactive gift or video drop map. The gift or video drop logic section presents the interactive gift or video drop map to a user, and facilitates the dropping of a symbolic gift item or a video onto the interactive map. The gift or video drop logic section determines whether the user is within certain predefined geographic boundaries, and either makes visible or gives a symbolic gift item to the user based on their location, or plays the video. | 1. A non-transitory machine-readable medium comprising instructions executable by one or more processors, the instructions comprising instructions to:
present, by a gift drop logic section, an interactive gift drop map on a smart mobile device; receive a request to place a geographic gift blocker onto the interactive gift drop map; transmit the request to a remote gift drop computer server to place the geographic gift blocker onto the interactive gift drop map; receive a reply from the remote gift drop computer server; and responsive to the reply, place the geographic gift blocker onto the interactive gift drop map presented on the smart mobile device. 2. The non-transitory machine-readable medium comprising instructions executable by one or more processors of claim 1, the instructions further comprising instructions to:
detect a gesture on a touch-sensitive display of the smart mobile device; responsive to the gesture, transmit a request to the remote gift drop computer server to drop a symbolic gift item onto the interactive gift drop map; receive a reply from the remote gift drop computer server; and responsive to the reply, drop the symbolic gift item onto the interactive gift drop map presented on the smart mobile device. 3. The non-transitory machine-readable medium comprising instructions executable by one or more processors of claim 2, the instructions further comprising instructions to:
responsive to the reply being a confirmation indicating that the symbolic gift item has been placed onto an authoritative copy of the interactive gift drop map, drop the symbolic gift item onto the interactive gift drop map presented on the smart mobile device. 4. The non-transitory machine-readable medium comprising instructions executable by one or more processors of claim 2, the instructions further comprising instructions to:
responsive to the reply being a denial of the request to drop the symbolic gift item onto the interactive gift drop map, not drop the symbolic gift item onto the interactive gift drop map presented on the smart mobile device. 5. The non-transitory machine-readable medium comprising instructions executable by one or more processors of claim 2, the instructions further comprising instructions to:
make the symbolic gift item hidden when the smart mobile device is outside of a first predefined geographic boundary; and make the symbolic gift item visible on the interactive gift drop map presented on the smart mobile device when the smart mobile device is inside of the first predefined geographic boundary. 6. The non-transitory machine-readable medium comprising instructions executable by one or more processors of claim 5, the instructions further comprising instructions to:
receive a request to claim the symbolic gift item; determine whether the smart mobile device is inside of a second predefined geographic boundary; and responsive to determining that the smart mobile device is inside of the second predefined geographic boundary, gift the symbolic gift item to a user associated with the smart mobile device. 7. The non-transitory machine-readable medium comprising instructions executable by one or more processors of claim 2, the instructions further comprising instructions to:
cause a video associated with the symbolic gift item to be launched and played on the smart mobile device. 8. The non-transitory machine-readable medium comprising instructions executable by one or more processors of claim 1, the instructions further comprising instructions to:
responsive to the reply from the remote gift drop computer server being a confirmation indicating that the geographic gift blocker is permitted to be placed onto the interactive gift drop map, place the geographic gift blocker onto the interactive gift drop map presented on the smart mobile device. 9. The non-transitory machine-readable medium comprising instructions executable by one or more processors of claim 1, the instructions further comprising instructions to:
responsive to the reply from the remote gift drop computer server being a confirmation indicating that the geographic gift blocker has been placed onto an authoritative copy of the interactive gift drop map, place the geographic gift blocker onto the interactive gift drop map presented on the smart mobile device. 10. The non-transitory machine-readable medium comprising instructions executable by one or more processors of claim 9, the instructions further comprising instructions to:
responsive to the reply being a denial of the request to place the geographic gift blocker onto the interactive gift drop map, not place the geographic gift blocker onto the interactive gift drop map presented on the smart mobile device. 11. A computer-implemented method for facilitating geographic enticing gift drops, the method comprising:
presenting, by a gift drop logic section, an interactive gift drop map on a smart mobile device; receiving, by the gift drop logic section, a request to place a geographic gift blocker onto the interactive gift drop map; transmitting a request to a remote gift drop computer server to place the geographic gift blocker onto the interactive gift drop map; responsive to the request, receiving a reply from the remote gift drop computer server; and responsive to the reply, placing the geographic gift blocker onto the interactive gift drop map presented on the smart mobile device. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
receiving, by the gift drop logic section, a request to drop a symbolic gift item onto the interactive gift drop map; transmitting a request to the remote gift drop computer server to drop the symbolic gift item onto the interactive gift drop map; receiving a reply from the remote gift drop computer server; and responsive to the reply, dropping the symbolic gift item onto the interactive gift drop map presented on the smart mobile device. 13. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
determining whether the smart mobile device is within a first predefined geographic boundary; responsive to determining that the smart mobile device is not within the first predefined geographic boundary, not showing the symbolic gift item on the interactive gift drop map presented on the smart mobile device; and responsive to determining that the smart mobile device is within the first predefined geographic boundary, showing the symbolic gift item on the interactive gift drop map presented on the smart mobile device. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
determining whether the smart mobile device is within a second predefined geographic boundary; responsive to determining that the smart mobile device is not within the second predefined geographic boundary, not giving the symbolic gift item to a user associated with the smart mobile device; and responsive to determining that the smart mobile device is within the second predefined geographic boundary, giving the symbolic gift item to the user associated with the smart mobile device. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising notifying the user that the symbolic gift item has been gifted to the user. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein placing further comprises, responsive to the reply being a confirmation indicating that the geographic gift blocker has been placed onto an authoritative copy of the interactive gift drop map, placing the geographic gift blocker onto the interactive gift drop map presented on the smart mobile device. 17. A system for facilitating geographic video drops, the system comprising:
a video drop database stored in a remote video drop computer server, wherein the video drop database includes an authoritative copy of an interactive video drop map; a video drop logic section operable on a smart mobile device, wherein the video drop logic section includes the interactive video drop map, and wherein the video drop logic section is configured to:
receive a request to place a geographic video blocker onto the interactive video drop map;
transmit a request to the remote video drop computer server to place the geographic video blocker onto the authoritative copy of the interactive video drop map;
receive a reply from the remote video drop computer server; and
responsive to the reply, place the geographic video blocker onto the interactive video drop map presented on the smart mobile device. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the video drop logic section is configured to:
present the interactive video drop map on the smart mobile device; detect a gesture from a user on a touch-sensitive display of the smart mobile device; responsive to the gesture, transmit a request to the remote video drop computer server to drop a video onto the authoritative copy of the interactive video drop map; receive a reply from the remote video drop computer server; and responsive to the reply, drop the video onto the interactive video drop map presented to the user of the smart mobile device. 19. The system of claim 17, wherein the video drop logic section is configured to:
responsive to the reply being a confirmation indicating that the geographic video blocker has been placed onto the authoritative copy of the interactive video drop map, place the geographic video blocker onto the interactive video drop map presented on the smart mobile device. | This application pertains to gift-giving and video-dropping methods and systems. A gift drop or a video drop is facilitated using a mobile smart device and an interactive map. The system includes a gift or video drop database stored in a remote gift drop computer server. The system includes a gift or video drop logic section operable on a smart mobile device or a computer. The gift or video drop logic section includes an interactive gift or video drop map. The gift or video drop logic section presents the interactive gift or video drop map to a user, and facilitates the dropping of a symbolic gift item or a video onto the interactive map. The gift or video drop logic section determines whether the user is within certain predefined geographic boundaries, and either makes visible or gives a symbolic gift item to the user based on their location, or plays the video.1. A non-transitory machine-readable medium comprising instructions executable by one or more processors, the instructions comprising instructions to:
present, by a gift drop logic section, an interactive gift drop map on a smart mobile device; receive a request to place a geographic gift blocker onto the interactive gift drop map; transmit the request to a remote gift drop computer server to place the geographic gift blocker onto the interactive gift drop map; receive a reply from the remote gift drop computer server; and responsive to the reply, place the geographic gift blocker onto the interactive gift drop map presented on the smart mobile device. 2. The non-transitory machine-readable medium comprising instructions executable by one or more processors of claim 1, the instructions further comprising instructions to:
detect a gesture on a touch-sensitive display of the smart mobile device; responsive to the gesture, transmit a request to the remote gift drop computer server to drop a symbolic gift item onto the interactive gift drop map; receive a reply from the remote gift drop computer server; and responsive to the reply, drop the symbolic gift item onto the interactive gift drop map presented on the smart mobile device. 3. The non-transitory machine-readable medium comprising instructions executable by one or more processors of claim 2, the instructions further comprising instructions to:
responsive to the reply being a confirmation indicating that the symbolic gift item has been placed onto an authoritative copy of the interactive gift drop map, drop the symbolic gift item onto the interactive gift drop map presented on the smart mobile device. 4. The non-transitory machine-readable medium comprising instructions executable by one or more processors of claim 2, the instructions further comprising instructions to:
responsive to the reply being a denial of the request to drop the symbolic gift item onto the interactive gift drop map, not drop the symbolic gift item onto the interactive gift drop map presented on the smart mobile device. 5. The non-transitory machine-readable medium comprising instructions executable by one or more processors of claim 2, the instructions further comprising instructions to:
make the symbolic gift item hidden when the smart mobile device is outside of a first predefined geographic boundary; and make the symbolic gift item visible on the interactive gift drop map presented on the smart mobile device when the smart mobile device is inside of the first predefined geographic boundary. 6. The non-transitory machine-readable medium comprising instructions executable by one or more processors of claim 5, the instructions further comprising instructions to:
receive a request to claim the symbolic gift item; determine whether the smart mobile device is inside of a second predefined geographic boundary; and responsive to determining that the smart mobile device is inside of the second predefined geographic boundary, gift the symbolic gift item to a user associated with the smart mobile device. 7. The non-transitory machine-readable medium comprising instructions executable by one or more processors of claim 2, the instructions further comprising instructions to:
cause a video associated with the symbolic gift item to be launched and played on the smart mobile device. 8. The non-transitory machine-readable medium comprising instructions executable by one or more processors of claim 1, the instructions further comprising instructions to:
responsive to the reply from the remote gift drop computer server being a confirmation indicating that the geographic gift blocker is permitted to be placed onto the interactive gift drop map, place the geographic gift blocker onto the interactive gift drop map presented on the smart mobile device. 9. The non-transitory machine-readable medium comprising instructions executable by one or more processors of claim 1, the instructions further comprising instructions to:
responsive to the reply from the remote gift drop computer server being a confirmation indicating that the geographic gift blocker has been placed onto an authoritative copy of the interactive gift drop map, place the geographic gift blocker onto the interactive gift drop map presented on the smart mobile device. 10. The non-transitory machine-readable medium comprising instructions executable by one or more processors of claim 9, the instructions further comprising instructions to:
responsive to the reply being a denial of the request to place the geographic gift blocker onto the interactive gift drop map, not place the geographic gift blocker onto the interactive gift drop map presented on the smart mobile device. 11. A computer-implemented method for facilitating geographic enticing gift drops, the method comprising:
presenting, by a gift drop logic section, an interactive gift drop map on a smart mobile device; receiving, by the gift drop logic section, a request to place a geographic gift blocker onto the interactive gift drop map; transmitting a request to a remote gift drop computer server to place the geographic gift blocker onto the interactive gift drop map; responsive to the request, receiving a reply from the remote gift drop computer server; and responsive to the reply, placing the geographic gift blocker onto the interactive gift drop map presented on the smart mobile device. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
receiving, by the gift drop logic section, a request to drop a symbolic gift item onto the interactive gift drop map; transmitting a request to the remote gift drop computer server to drop the symbolic gift item onto the interactive gift drop map; receiving a reply from the remote gift drop computer server; and responsive to the reply, dropping the symbolic gift item onto the interactive gift drop map presented on the smart mobile device. 13. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
determining whether the smart mobile device is within a first predefined geographic boundary; responsive to determining that the smart mobile device is not within the first predefined geographic boundary, not showing the symbolic gift item on the interactive gift drop map presented on the smart mobile device; and responsive to determining that the smart mobile device is within the first predefined geographic boundary, showing the symbolic gift item on the interactive gift drop map presented on the smart mobile device. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
determining whether the smart mobile device is within a second predefined geographic boundary; responsive to determining that the smart mobile device is not within the second predefined geographic boundary, not giving the symbolic gift item to a user associated with the smart mobile device; and responsive to determining that the smart mobile device is within the second predefined geographic boundary, giving the symbolic gift item to the user associated with the smart mobile device. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising notifying the user that the symbolic gift item has been gifted to the user. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein placing further comprises, responsive to the reply being a confirmation indicating that the geographic gift blocker has been placed onto an authoritative copy of the interactive gift drop map, placing the geographic gift blocker onto the interactive gift drop map presented on the smart mobile device. 17. A system for facilitating geographic video drops, the system comprising:
a video drop database stored in a remote video drop computer server, wherein the video drop database includes an authoritative copy of an interactive video drop map; a video drop logic section operable on a smart mobile device, wherein the video drop logic section includes the interactive video drop map, and wherein the video drop logic section is configured to:
receive a request to place a geographic video blocker onto the interactive video drop map;
transmit a request to the remote video drop computer server to place the geographic video blocker onto the authoritative copy of the interactive video drop map;
receive a reply from the remote video drop computer server; and
responsive to the reply, place the geographic video blocker onto the interactive video drop map presented on the smart mobile device. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the video drop logic section is configured to:
present the interactive video drop map on the smart mobile device; detect a gesture from a user on a touch-sensitive display of the smart mobile device; responsive to the gesture, transmit a request to the remote video drop computer server to drop a video onto the authoritative copy of the interactive video drop map; receive a reply from the remote video drop computer server; and responsive to the reply, drop the video onto the interactive video drop map presented to the user of the smart mobile device. 19. The system of claim 17, wherein the video drop logic section is configured to:
responsive to the reply being a confirmation indicating that the geographic video blocker has been placed onto the authoritative copy of the interactive video drop map, place the geographic video blocker onto the interactive video drop map presented on the smart mobile device. | 3,700 |
342,107 | 16,802,459 | 3,774 | Novel tools and techniques in a telecommunication network are provided for implementing a data link layer control plane that may comply with the Ethernet standard and with sub-millisecond transmission control capabilities across multiple dis-similar technologies and bandwidth links. The framework provides a dynamic modular traffic control function insertion, removal, mapping function by having interpreter functions in the protocol agents that can map states and commands to sub-service chain functions that are configured per path and quality of service (QoS) flows. The control protocol provides high levels of resiliency and reliability by having a replicating function that transmits the same control protocol frames across multiple links simultaneously. The agents are multi-chassis capable and support hitless service impacts for administrative changes. Control plane messages may be encoded as a data plane frame and be transmitted at a high rate using the data plane. | 1. A method for operating a telecommunication network having a data plane and a control plane, the method comprising:
receiving or generating, at a first network node, a message, the first network node capable of transmitting data via a plurality of channels of different media under one of a plurality of flow paths and under one of a plurality of quality of service (QoS) requirements, wherein the plurality of channels between the first network node and a second network node are regulated across by an automatic repeat request (ARQ); generating, at the first network node, a frame, the frame comprising the message and a marking encoding that the frame carries the message, the frame associated with a first QoS requirement; replicating, at the first network node, the frame to generate copies of the frame; transmitting the frame via the at least two of the channels under a first instance of the ARQ, each channel transmitting a copy of the frame, wherein the copies of the frame that are transmitted via different channels are regulated under the same first instance of the ARQ and wherein other frames associated with a different QoS requirement are regulated under a different ARQ instance; receiving, at a second network node, one or more copies of the frame that are respectively transmitted from a different channel; selecting, at the second network node, one or more of the received copies to extract the message; and transmitting, by the second network node and responsive to receiving at least one of the copies of the frame, a positive acknowledgement specific to the first instance of the ARQ to the first network node. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein selecting, at the second network node, the one or more of the received copies is based on one or more criteria set by the telecommunication network. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the one or more criteria includes a criterion to select the copy of the frame that is first received and that passes cyclic redundancy check. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein an incoming message or a newly generated message of the first network node is classified into at least one of the flow paths. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the incoming message or the newly generated message is mapped to one or more traffic control functions. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the incoming message or the newly generated message is mapped based on one of the QoS requirements and the at least one of the flow paths. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the ARQ is configurable, insertable, and removable from the telecommunication network. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein unacknowledged sequential frames associated with the first instance of the ARQ are stored in a buffer and are released upon a receipt of an acknowledgement specific to the first instance. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the different media includes two or more of the following: free space optical communication, radio frequency, E band, microwave, mobile wireless, fixed wireless, or an Ethernet based transport facility. 10. The method of claim 1, the first network node and the second network node belong to be part of a topology of the telecommunication network, the topology is selected from one of the following: point-to-point, star, mesh, chain, bus, or ring, or a combination of two or more topologies. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the message is transmitted to the first network node to change a setting of the telecommunication network. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein a data link protocol flow is assignable to at least one of the plurality of channels is capable of being configured to perform dedicated, load-balanced, or hybrid link assignment. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the message is part of a setting of a traffic control function to be added or removed from the telecommunication network. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the message is part of a protocol from a layer higher than data link layer. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the first network node selects the at least two of the channels to transmit the copies of the frame. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the first network node selects the at least two of the channels based on states of ports of the first network node corresponding to the plurality of channels. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the states include port initiation, port down, port active, and port with low bandwidth. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein the marking encoding that the frame carries the message corresponds to a header section of the frame, and the header section identifies a particular flow path and a particular traffic control function associated with the frame. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the header section is further sectionalized, a first section identifies the particular flow path and the second section identifies the particular traffic control function. 20. A telecommunication network having a data plane and a control plane, the telecommunication network comprising:
a first network node capable of transmitting data via a plurality of channels of different media under one of a plurality of flow paths and under one of a plurality of quality of service (QoS) requirements, the plurality of channels associated with the first network node are regulated across by an automatic repeat request (ARQ), the first network node configured to at least:
receive or generate a message,
generate a frame in compliance with format of the data plane, the frame comprising the message and a marking encoding that the frame carries the message, the frame associated with a first QoS requirement,
replicate the frame to generate copies of the frame,
transmit the frame via the at least two of the channels under a first instance of the ARQ, each channel transmitting a copy of the frame, wherein the copies of the frame that are transmitted via different channels are regulated under the same first instance of the ARQ and wherein other frames associated with a different QoS requirement are regulated under a different ARQ instance; and
a second network node coupled to the first network node, the second network node configured to at least:
receive one or more copies of the frame that are respectively transmitted from a different channel,
select one or more of the received copies to extract the message, and
transmit, responsive to receiving at least one of the copies of the frame, a positive acknowledgement specific to the first instance of the ARQ to the first network node. | Novel tools and techniques in a telecommunication network are provided for implementing a data link layer control plane that may comply with the Ethernet standard and with sub-millisecond transmission control capabilities across multiple dis-similar technologies and bandwidth links. The framework provides a dynamic modular traffic control function insertion, removal, mapping function by having interpreter functions in the protocol agents that can map states and commands to sub-service chain functions that are configured per path and quality of service (QoS) flows. The control protocol provides high levels of resiliency and reliability by having a replicating function that transmits the same control protocol frames across multiple links simultaneously. The agents are multi-chassis capable and support hitless service impacts for administrative changes. Control plane messages may be encoded as a data plane frame and be transmitted at a high rate using the data plane.1. A method for operating a telecommunication network having a data plane and a control plane, the method comprising:
receiving or generating, at a first network node, a message, the first network node capable of transmitting data via a plurality of channels of different media under one of a plurality of flow paths and under one of a plurality of quality of service (QoS) requirements, wherein the plurality of channels between the first network node and a second network node are regulated across by an automatic repeat request (ARQ); generating, at the first network node, a frame, the frame comprising the message and a marking encoding that the frame carries the message, the frame associated with a first QoS requirement; replicating, at the first network node, the frame to generate copies of the frame; transmitting the frame via the at least two of the channels under a first instance of the ARQ, each channel transmitting a copy of the frame, wherein the copies of the frame that are transmitted via different channels are regulated under the same first instance of the ARQ and wherein other frames associated with a different QoS requirement are regulated under a different ARQ instance; receiving, at a second network node, one or more copies of the frame that are respectively transmitted from a different channel; selecting, at the second network node, one or more of the received copies to extract the message; and transmitting, by the second network node and responsive to receiving at least one of the copies of the frame, a positive acknowledgement specific to the first instance of the ARQ to the first network node. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein selecting, at the second network node, the one or more of the received copies is based on one or more criteria set by the telecommunication network. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the one or more criteria includes a criterion to select the copy of the frame that is first received and that passes cyclic redundancy check. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein an incoming message or a newly generated message of the first network node is classified into at least one of the flow paths. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the incoming message or the newly generated message is mapped to one or more traffic control functions. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the incoming message or the newly generated message is mapped based on one of the QoS requirements and the at least one of the flow paths. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the ARQ is configurable, insertable, and removable from the telecommunication network. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein unacknowledged sequential frames associated with the first instance of the ARQ are stored in a buffer and are released upon a receipt of an acknowledgement specific to the first instance. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the different media includes two or more of the following: free space optical communication, radio frequency, E band, microwave, mobile wireless, fixed wireless, or an Ethernet based transport facility. 10. The method of claim 1, the first network node and the second network node belong to be part of a topology of the telecommunication network, the topology is selected from one of the following: point-to-point, star, mesh, chain, bus, or ring, or a combination of two or more topologies. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the message is transmitted to the first network node to change a setting of the telecommunication network. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein a data link protocol flow is assignable to at least one of the plurality of channels is capable of being configured to perform dedicated, load-balanced, or hybrid link assignment. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the message is part of a setting of a traffic control function to be added or removed from the telecommunication network. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the message is part of a protocol from a layer higher than data link layer. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the first network node selects the at least two of the channels to transmit the copies of the frame. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the first network node selects the at least two of the channels based on states of ports of the first network node corresponding to the plurality of channels. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the states include port initiation, port down, port active, and port with low bandwidth. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein the marking encoding that the frame carries the message corresponds to a header section of the frame, and the header section identifies a particular flow path and a particular traffic control function associated with the frame. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the header section is further sectionalized, a first section identifies the particular flow path and the second section identifies the particular traffic control function. 20. A telecommunication network having a data plane and a control plane, the telecommunication network comprising:
a first network node capable of transmitting data via a plurality of channels of different media under one of a plurality of flow paths and under one of a plurality of quality of service (QoS) requirements, the plurality of channels associated with the first network node are regulated across by an automatic repeat request (ARQ), the first network node configured to at least:
receive or generate a message,
generate a frame in compliance with format of the data plane, the frame comprising the message and a marking encoding that the frame carries the message, the frame associated with a first QoS requirement,
replicate the frame to generate copies of the frame,
transmit the frame via the at least two of the channels under a first instance of the ARQ, each channel transmitting a copy of the frame, wherein the copies of the frame that are transmitted via different channels are regulated under the same first instance of the ARQ and wherein other frames associated with a different QoS requirement are regulated under a different ARQ instance; and
a second network node coupled to the first network node, the second network node configured to at least:
receive one or more copies of the frame that are respectively transmitted from a different channel,
select one or more of the received copies to extract the message, and
transmit, responsive to receiving at least one of the copies of the frame, a positive acknowledgement specific to the first instance of the ARQ to the first network node. | 3,700 |
342,108 | 16,802,463 | 3,774 | A method for fabricating semiconductor device includes the steps of first providing a substrate having a fin-shaped structure thereon, forming a single diffusion break (SDB) structure in the substrate to divide the fin-shaped structure into a first portion and a second portion, and then forming more than one gate structures such as a first gate structure and a second gate structure on the SDB structure. Preferably, each of the first gate structure and the second gate structure overlaps the fin-shaped structure and the SDB structure. | 1. A method for fabricating semiconductor device, comprising:
providing a substrate having a fin-shaped structure thereon; forming a single diffusion break (SDB) structure in the substrate to divide the fin-shaped structure into a first portion and a second portion; and forming more than one gate structures on the SDB structure. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of forming more than one gate structures on the SDB structure comprises:
forming a gate material layer on the SDB structure; patterning the gate material layer to form a first gate structure and a second gate structure on the SDB structure; forming a spacer around each of the first gate structure and the second gate structure; forming a first source/drain region adjacent to the first gate structure and a second source/drain region adjacent to the second gate structure; and performing a replacement metal gate (RMG) process to transform the first gate structure and the second gate structure into a first metal gate and a second metal gate. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising performing a sidewall image transfer (SIT) process for patterning the gate material layer. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the first gate structure overlaps the fin-shaped structure and the SDB structure. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the second gate structure overlaps the fin-shaped structure and the SDB structure. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the fin-shaped structure is disposed extending along a first direction and the SDB structure is disposed extending along a second direction. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the first direction is orthogonal to the second direction. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the SDB structure comprises silicon oxycarbonitride (SiOCN). 9. The method of claim 8, wherein a concentration proportion of oxygen in SiOCN is between 30% to 60%. 10. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a fin-shaped structure on a substrate; a single diffusion break (SDB) structure in the fin-shaped structure to divide the first fin-shaped structure into a first portion and a second portion; and more than one gate structures on the SDB structure. 11. The semiconductor device of claim 10, further comprising:
a first gate structure on the SDB structure; and a second gate structure on the SDB structure. 12. The semiconductor device of claim 11, wherein the first gate structure overlaps the fin-shaped structure and the SDB structure. 13. The semiconductor device of claim 11, wherein the second gate structure overlaps the fin-shaped structure and the SDB structure. 14. The semiconductor device of claim 11, further comprising:
a third gate structure on the SDB structure; and a fourth gate structure on the SDB structure. 15. The semiconductor device of claim 14, wherein the third gate structure and the fourth gate structure are between the first gate structure and the second gate structure. 16. The semiconductor device of claim 10, wherein the fin-shaped structure is disposed extending along a first direction and the SDB structure is disposed extending along a second direction. 17. The semiconductor device of claim 16, wherein the first direction is orthogonal to the second direction. 18. The semiconductor device of claim 10, wherein the SDB structure comprises silicon oxycarbonitride (SiOCN). 19. The semiconductor device of claim 18, wherein a concentration proportion of oxygen in SiOCN is between 30% to 60%. 20. The semiconductor device of claim 10, wherein a stress of the SDB structure is between 100 MPa to −500 MPa. | A method for fabricating semiconductor device includes the steps of first providing a substrate having a fin-shaped structure thereon, forming a single diffusion break (SDB) structure in the substrate to divide the fin-shaped structure into a first portion and a second portion, and then forming more than one gate structures such as a first gate structure and a second gate structure on the SDB structure. Preferably, each of the first gate structure and the second gate structure overlaps the fin-shaped structure and the SDB structure.1. A method for fabricating semiconductor device, comprising:
providing a substrate having a fin-shaped structure thereon; forming a single diffusion break (SDB) structure in the substrate to divide the fin-shaped structure into a first portion and a second portion; and forming more than one gate structures on the SDB structure. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of forming more than one gate structures on the SDB structure comprises:
forming a gate material layer on the SDB structure; patterning the gate material layer to form a first gate structure and a second gate structure on the SDB structure; forming a spacer around each of the first gate structure and the second gate structure; forming a first source/drain region adjacent to the first gate structure and a second source/drain region adjacent to the second gate structure; and performing a replacement metal gate (RMG) process to transform the first gate structure and the second gate structure into a first metal gate and a second metal gate. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising performing a sidewall image transfer (SIT) process for patterning the gate material layer. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the first gate structure overlaps the fin-shaped structure and the SDB structure. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the second gate structure overlaps the fin-shaped structure and the SDB structure. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the fin-shaped structure is disposed extending along a first direction and the SDB structure is disposed extending along a second direction. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the first direction is orthogonal to the second direction. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the SDB structure comprises silicon oxycarbonitride (SiOCN). 9. The method of claim 8, wherein a concentration proportion of oxygen in SiOCN is between 30% to 60%. 10. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a fin-shaped structure on a substrate; a single diffusion break (SDB) structure in the fin-shaped structure to divide the first fin-shaped structure into a first portion and a second portion; and more than one gate structures on the SDB structure. 11. The semiconductor device of claim 10, further comprising:
a first gate structure on the SDB structure; and a second gate structure on the SDB structure. 12. The semiconductor device of claim 11, wherein the first gate structure overlaps the fin-shaped structure and the SDB structure. 13. The semiconductor device of claim 11, wherein the second gate structure overlaps the fin-shaped structure and the SDB structure. 14. The semiconductor device of claim 11, further comprising:
a third gate structure on the SDB structure; and a fourth gate structure on the SDB structure. 15. The semiconductor device of claim 14, wherein the third gate structure and the fourth gate structure are between the first gate structure and the second gate structure. 16. The semiconductor device of claim 10, wherein the fin-shaped structure is disposed extending along a first direction and the SDB structure is disposed extending along a second direction. 17. The semiconductor device of claim 16, wherein the first direction is orthogonal to the second direction. 18. The semiconductor device of claim 10, wherein the SDB structure comprises silicon oxycarbonitride (SiOCN). 19. The semiconductor device of claim 18, wherein a concentration proportion of oxygen in SiOCN is between 30% to 60%. 20. The semiconductor device of claim 10, wherein a stress of the SDB structure is between 100 MPa to −500 MPa. | 3,700 |
342,109 | 16,802,482 | 3,774 | The present disclosure relates to systems, methods, and computer-readable media for facilitating a convenient transfer of control elements for a gaming session from one device to another device without interrupting the gaming session for one or more players. For example, systems disclosed herein include pairing an input device (e.g., a gaming controller) with one or more client devices. Once paired, the input device may detect a trigger condition based on proximity of a registered client device to the input device. The client device may pull control of one or more control elements for the gaming session. The client device may then continue the gaming session without interrupting the experience for the user or for other users that may be engaged within the gaming session. | 1. A method performed by an input device, comprising:
performing a pairing process with a client device, wherein performing the pairing process comprises storing a device profile on the input device including information associated with the client device; transmitting input commands for a gaming session to a gaming system via a first communication protocol; detecting, by the input device, a trigger condition associated with proximity of the client device to the input device based on a signal transmitted by the input device via a second communication protocol; and causing a transfer of input control for the gaming session to the client device in response to detecting the trigger condition and verifying that the client device corresponds to the device profile. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first communication protocol comprises a proprietary wireless communication protocol unique to the input device and the gaming system, and wherein the second communication protocol comprises a different wireless communication protocol from the proprietary wireless communication protocol. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the input device transmits input commands via the first communication protocol using a first antenna on the input device, and wherein the signal transmitted by the input device using the second communication protocol is transmitted using a second antenna on the input device. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the gaming system is implemented on one or more server devices on a cloud computing system. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the gaming system is implemented on a local gaming console in communication with the client device via a different communication protocol than the first communication protocol. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising
transmitting a low energy wireless signal via the second communication protocol in conjunction with transmitting input commands for the gaming session to the gaming system via the first communication protocol, and wherein detecting the trigger condition comprises detecting that the input device is within a threshold proximity to the input device based on receiving, from the client device, a response to the low energy wireless signal transmitted via the second communication protocol. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein transmitting the low energy wireless signal includes periodically transmitting a plurality of low energy wireless signals from the input device via the second communication protocol. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein video content for the gaming session is received at a display device in communication with the gaming system prior to detecting the trigger condition, the method further comprising causing the video content to be provided to the client device after detecting the trigger condition. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
maintaining, on the input device, a plurality of device profiles corresponding to a plurality of client devices with which the input device has previously performed one or more pairing processes; detecting, by the input device, an additional trigger condition associated with proximity of an additional client device associated with an additional device profile from the plurality of device profiles via the second communication protocol; and in response to detecting the additional trigger condition, causing a transfer of input control from the client device to the additional client device. 10. The method of claim 1,
wherein video content is provided for display via a display device independent from the input device prior to detecting the trigger condition, and wherein the client device comprises a mobile device having an application associated with the gaming system implemented thereon and configured to continue the gaming session thereon by pulling input control from the input device to the client device and requesting that video content be provided to the client device rather than the display device in response to detecting the trigger condition. 11. A method performed by a client device, comprising:
performing a pairing process with an input device, wherein performing the pairing process comprises providing information to include within a device profile associated with the client device stored on the input device; detecting a trigger condition associated with proximity of the client device with the input device, wherein the input device has input control for a gaming session prior to detecting the trigger condition, wherein the input device is connected with a gaming system hosting the gaming session via a first communication protocol, and wherein the input device detects the trigger condition based on a signal transmitted by the input device via a second communication protocol; in response to detecting the trigger condition:
establishing, by the client device, a connection with the gaming system; and
continuing the gaming session with the gaming system by pulling input control for the gaming session from the input device to the client device. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the first communication protocol comprises a proprietary wireless communication protocol unique to the input device and the gaming system, and wherein the second communication protocol comprises a different wireless communication protocol from the first communication protocol. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein continuing the gaming session further comprises:
providing, by the client device, a request to receive video content for the gaming session from the gaming system, wherein the video content is previously provided to a display device connected to the gaming system prior to detecting the trigger condition; and receiving the video content for the gaming session to display via a graphical user interface of the client device. 14. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
in response to detecting the trigger condition, providing a plurality of selectable options associating with pulling control of one or more gaming session control elements for the gaming session via a graphical user interface of the client device, the one or more gaming session control elements including one or more of input control, video control, or audio control for the gaming session, and wherein pulling input control from the gaming session from the input device to the client device based on a detected selection of a first selectable option from the plurality of selectable options provided via the graphical user interface. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
detecting a selection of a second selectable option from the plurality of selectable options associated with video control for the gaming session; and pulling video control for the gaming session by providing a request to receive video content for the gaming session from the gaming system at the client device. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein the gaming system is implemented on one or more server devices on a cloud computing system. 17. The method of claim 11, wherein the gaming system is implemented on a local gaming console in communication with the client device using a different communication protocol than the first communication protocol. 18. A system, comprising:
one or more processors; memory in electronic communication with the one or more processors; and instructions stored in the memory, the instructions being executable by the one or more processors to cause an input device to:
perform a pairing process with a client device, wherein performing the pairing process comprises storing a device profile on the input device including information associated with the client device;
transmit input commands for a gaming session to a gaming system via a first communication protocol;
detect a trigger condition associated with proximity of the client device to the input device based on a signal transmitted by the input device via a second communication protocol; and
cause a transfer of input control for the gaming session to the client device in response to detecting the trigger condition and verifying that the client device corresponds to the device profile. 19. The system of claim 18,
wherein the input device transmits input commands via a first wireless communication protocol using a first antenna on the input device, and wherein the signal transmitted by the input device via the second communication protocol is transmitted via a second wireless communication protocol using a second antenna on the input device. 20. The system of claim 18, wherein video content for the gaming session is received at a display device in communication with the gaming system prior to detecting the trigger condition, the system further comprising instructions being executable by the one or more processors to cause the input device to cause the video content to be provided to the client device after detecting the trigger condition. | The present disclosure relates to systems, methods, and computer-readable media for facilitating a convenient transfer of control elements for a gaming session from one device to another device without interrupting the gaming session for one or more players. For example, systems disclosed herein include pairing an input device (e.g., a gaming controller) with one or more client devices. Once paired, the input device may detect a trigger condition based on proximity of a registered client device to the input device. The client device may pull control of one or more control elements for the gaming session. The client device may then continue the gaming session without interrupting the experience for the user or for other users that may be engaged within the gaming session.1. A method performed by an input device, comprising:
performing a pairing process with a client device, wherein performing the pairing process comprises storing a device profile on the input device including information associated with the client device; transmitting input commands for a gaming session to a gaming system via a first communication protocol; detecting, by the input device, a trigger condition associated with proximity of the client device to the input device based on a signal transmitted by the input device via a second communication protocol; and causing a transfer of input control for the gaming session to the client device in response to detecting the trigger condition and verifying that the client device corresponds to the device profile. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first communication protocol comprises a proprietary wireless communication protocol unique to the input device and the gaming system, and wherein the second communication protocol comprises a different wireless communication protocol from the proprietary wireless communication protocol. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the input device transmits input commands via the first communication protocol using a first antenna on the input device, and wherein the signal transmitted by the input device using the second communication protocol is transmitted using a second antenna on the input device. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the gaming system is implemented on one or more server devices on a cloud computing system. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the gaming system is implemented on a local gaming console in communication with the client device via a different communication protocol than the first communication protocol. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising
transmitting a low energy wireless signal via the second communication protocol in conjunction with transmitting input commands for the gaming session to the gaming system via the first communication protocol, and wherein detecting the trigger condition comprises detecting that the input device is within a threshold proximity to the input device based on receiving, from the client device, a response to the low energy wireless signal transmitted via the second communication protocol. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein transmitting the low energy wireless signal includes periodically transmitting a plurality of low energy wireless signals from the input device via the second communication protocol. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein video content for the gaming session is received at a display device in communication with the gaming system prior to detecting the trigger condition, the method further comprising causing the video content to be provided to the client device after detecting the trigger condition. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
maintaining, on the input device, a plurality of device profiles corresponding to a plurality of client devices with which the input device has previously performed one or more pairing processes; detecting, by the input device, an additional trigger condition associated with proximity of an additional client device associated with an additional device profile from the plurality of device profiles via the second communication protocol; and in response to detecting the additional trigger condition, causing a transfer of input control from the client device to the additional client device. 10. The method of claim 1,
wherein video content is provided for display via a display device independent from the input device prior to detecting the trigger condition, and wherein the client device comprises a mobile device having an application associated with the gaming system implemented thereon and configured to continue the gaming session thereon by pulling input control from the input device to the client device and requesting that video content be provided to the client device rather than the display device in response to detecting the trigger condition. 11. A method performed by a client device, comprising:
performing a pairing process with an input device, wherein performing the pairing process comprises providing information to include within a device profile associated with the client device stored on the input device; detecting a trigger condition associated with proximity of the client device with the input device, wherein the input device has input control for a gaming session prior to detecting the trigger condition, wherein the input device is connected with a gaming system hosting the gaming session via a first communication protocol, and wherein the input device detects the trigger condition based on a signal transmitted by the input device via a second communication protocol; in response to detecting the trigger condition:
establishing, by the client device, a connection with the gaming system; and
continuing the gaming session with the gaming system by pulling input control for the gaming session from the input device to the client device. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the first communication protocol comprises a proprietary wireless communication protocol unique to the input device and the gaming system, and wherein the second communication protocol comprises a different wireless communication protocol from the first communication protocol. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein continuing the gaming session further comprises:
providing, by the client device, a request to receive video content for the gaming session from the gaming system, wherein the video content is previously provided to a display device connected to the gaming system prior to detecting the trigger condition; and receiving the video content for the gaming session to display via a graphical user interface of the client device. 14. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
in response to detecting the trigger condition, providing a plurality of selectable options associating with pulling control of one or more gaming session control elements for the gaming session via a graphical user interface of the client device, the one or more gaming session control elements including one or more of input control, video control, or audio control for the gaming session, and wherein pulling input control from the gaming session from the input device to the client device based on a detected selection of a first selectable option from the plurality of selectable options provided via the graphical user interface. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
detecting a selection of a second selectable option from the plurality of selectable options associated with video control for the gaming session; and pulling video control for the gaming session by providing a request to receive video content for the gaming session from the gaming system at the client device. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein the gaming system is implemented on one or more server devices on a cloud computing system. 17. The method of claim 11, wherein the gaming system is implemented on a local gaming console in communication with the client device using a different communication protocol than the first communication protocol. 18. A system, comprising:
one or more processors; memory in electronic communication with the one or more processors; and instructions stored in the memory, the instructions being executable by the one or more processors to cause an input device to:
perform a pairing process with a client device, wherein performing the pairing process comprises storing a device profile on the input device including information associated with the client device;
transmit input commands for a gaming session to a gaming system via a first communication protocol;
detect a trigger condition associated with proximity of the client device to the input device based on a signal transmitted by the input device via a second communication protocol; and
cause a transfer of input control for the gaming session to the client device in response to detecting the trigger condition and verifying that the client device corresponds to the device profile. 19. The system of claim 18,
wherein the input device transmits input commands via a first wireless communication protocol using a first antenna on the input device, and wherein the signal transmitted by the input device via the second communication protocol is transmitted via a second wireless communication protocol using a second antenna on the input device. 20. The system of claim 18, wherein video content for the gaming session is received at a display device in communication with the gaming system prior to detecting the trigger condition, the system further comprising instructions being executable by the one or more processors to cause the input device to cause the video content to be provided to the client device after detecting the trigger condition. | 3,700 |
342,110 | 16,802,490 | 3,774 | In one embodiment employing a vertical draw apparatus, a method of crystallization growth on a substrate surface of a substrate having a substrate material includes: mounting the substrate to a sample holder with the substrate surface facing a liquid surface of a reservoir disposed in a chamber that provides an ambient temperature; seeding the substrate surface with seed droplets; lowering the substrate surface to the liquid surface of the reservoir; independently controlling a temperature of the substrate and a temperature of the reservoir to produce a temperature difference between the substrate and the reservoir over a period of time for crystallization growth; and retracting the substrate surface from the liquid surface of the reservoir at a draw rate. The draw rate and the temperature difference are selected to grow polycrystalline laminate on the substrate surface. Consistent polycrystalline columnar microstructures are formed with appropriate seeding of the substrate surface. | 1. A method of crystallization growth on a substrate surface of a substrate having a substrate material, the method comprising:
mounting the substrate to a sample holder with the substrate surface facing a liquid surface of a reservoir disposed in a chamber that provides an ambient temperature; seeding the substrate surface with seed droplets; lowering the substrate surface to the liquid surface of the reservoir; independently controlling a temperature of the substrate and a temperature of the reservoir to produce a temperature difference between the substrate and the reservoir over a period of time for crystallization growth; and retracting the substrate surface from the liquid surface of the reservoir at a draw rate; wherein the draw rate and the temperature difference are selected to grow polycrystalline laminate on the substrate surface. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the temperature of the reservoir is controlled to achieve a stable liquid surface temperature. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the temperature of the substrate is controlled by undercooling the sample holder to an initial temperature that is lower than the liquid surface temperature for an initial period of time, ramping the temperature of the substrate from the initial temperature to a final temperature that is lower than the initial temperature for a ramp period of time, and holding the temperature of the substrate at the final temperature for a final period of time. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the temperature of the substrate is linearly ramped from the initial temperature to the final temperature. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the polycrystalline laminate is polycrystalline ice laminate and wherein the draw rate is a fixed rate selected to closely match a velocity of a freezing front of ice growth on the substrate surface. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
prior to seeding the substrate surface, allowing thermal equilibration of the substrate and the sample holder for an equilibration period of time. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
maintaining the ambient temperature in the chamber at a level that is lower than the temperature of the substrate. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein seeding the substrate surface comprises spraying the substrate surface with ultrapure water. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is performed according to stored information that includes at least one of the substrate material, the seed droplets; the ambient temperature, the temperature of the substrate; the temperature of the reservoir, the temperature difference between the substrate and the reservoir over the period of time for crystallization growth, or the draw rate, the stored information having previously been used to grow polycrystalline ice with columnar microstructures on the substrate surface. 10. A system of crystallization growth on a substrate surface of a substrate having a substrate material, the system comprising:
a frame disposed in a chamber that provides an ambient temperature; a container having a reservoir therein; a sample holder to mount the substrate above the reservoir with the substrate surface facing a liquid surface of the reservoir; a sample holder temperature control device to control a temperature of the sample holder; a reservoir temperature control device to control a temperature of the reservoir independently of the temperature of the sample holder to produce a temperature difference between the substrate and the reservoir over a period of time for crystallization growth; and a linear stage to lower the substrate surface to the liquid surface of the reservoir and to retract the substrate surface from the liquid surface of the reservoir at a draw rate; wherein the draw rate and the temperature difference are selected to grow polycrystalline laminate on the substrate surface. 11. The system of claim 10, further comprising a computer programmed to:
after the substrate surface is seeded with seed droplets, lower the substrate surface to the liquid surface of the reservoir; independently control the temperature of the substrate and the temperature of the reservoir to produce a temperature difference between the substrate and the reservoir; and retract the substrate surface from the liquid surface of the reservoir at a draw rate selected to grow polycrystalline ice laminate on the substrate surface. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the temperature of the reservoir is controlled to achieve a stable liquid surface temperature. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the temperature of the substrate is controlled by undercooling the sample holder to an initial temperature that is lower than the liquid surface temperature for an initial period of time, ramping the temperature of the substrate from the initial temperature to a final temperature that is lower than the initial temperature for a ramp period of time, and holding the temperature of the substrate at the final temperature for a final period of time. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the tempera the substrate is linearly ramped from the initial temperature to the final temperature. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the draw rate is a fixed rate selected to closely match a velocity of a freezing front of ice growth on the substrate surface. 16. The system of claim 11, wherein the computer is programmed to:
prior to seeding the substrate surface, allow thermal equilibration of the substrate and the sample holder for an equilibration period of time. 17. The system of claim 11, wherein the computer is programmed to:
maintain the ambient temperature in the chamber at a level that is lower than the temperature of the substrate. 18. The system of claim 1, wherein the computer is programmed to employ stored information that includes at least one of the substrate material, the seed droplets, the ambient temperature; the temperature of the substrate, the temperature of the reservoir; the temperature difference between the substrate and the reservoir over the period of time for crystallization growth, or the draw rate, the stored information having previously been used to grow polycrystalline ice with columnar microstructures on the substrate surface. 19. A computer program product for crystallization growth on a substrate surface of a substrate having a substrate material, which is mounted to a sample holder with the substrate surface facing a liquid surface of a reservoir disposed in a chamber that provides ambient temperature, the computer program product embodied on a non-transitory tangible computer readable medium, comprising:
computer-executable code for, after the substrate surface is seeded with seed droplets, lowering the substrate surface to the liquid surface of the reservoir; computer-executable code for independently controlling the temperature of the substrate and the temperature of the reservoir to produce a temperature difference between the substrate and the reservoir over a period of time for crystallization growth; and computer-executable code for retracting the substrate surface from the liquid surface of the reservoir at a draw rate; wherein the draw rate and the temperature difference are selected to grow polycrystalline laminate on the substrate surface. 20. The computer program product of claim 19, further comprising:
computer-executable code for employing stored information that includes at least one of the substrate material, the seed droplets, the ambient temperature, the temperature of the substrate, the temperature of the reservoir, the temperature difference between the substrate and the reservoir over the period of time for crystallization growth, or the draw rate, the stored information having previously been used to grow polycrystalline ice laminate with columnar microstructures on the substrate surface. | In one embodiment employing a vertical draw apparatus, a method of crystallization growth on a substrate surface of a substrate having a substrate material includes: mounting the substrate to a sample holder with the substrate surface facing a liquid surface of a reservoir disposed in a chamber that provides an ambient temperature; seeding the substrate surface with seed droplets; lowering the substrate surface to the liquid surface of the reservoir; independently controlling a temperature of the substrate and a temperature of the reservoir to produce a temperature difference between the substrate and the reservoir over a period of time for crystallization growth; and retracting the substrate surface from the liquid surface of the reservoir at a draw rate. The draw rate and the temperature difference are selected to grow polycrystalline laminate on the substrate surface. Consistent polycrystalline columnar microstructures are formed with appropriate seeding of the substrate surface.1. A method of crystallization growth on a substrate surface of a substrate having a substrate material, the method comprising:
mounting the substrate to a sample holder with the substrate surface facing a liquid surface of a reservoir disposed in a chamber that provides an ambient temperature; seeding the substrate surface with seed droplets; lowering the substrate surface to the liquid surface of the reservoir; independently controlling a temperature of the substrate and a temperature of the reservoir to produce a temperature difference between the substrate and the reservoir over a period of time for crystallization growth; and retracting the substrate surface from the liquid surface of the reservoir at a draw rate; wherein the draw rate and the temperature difference are selected to grow polycrystalline laminate on the substrate surface. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the temperature of the reservoir is controlled to achieve a stable liquid surface temperature. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the temperature of the substrate is controlled by undercooling the sample holder to an initial temperature that is lower than the liquid surface temperature for an initial period of time, ramping the temperature of the substrate from the initial temperature to a final temperature that is lower than the initial temperature for a ramp period of time, and holding the temperature of the substrate at the final temperature for a final period of time. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the temperature of the substrate is linearly ramped from the initial temperature to the final temperature. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the polycrystalline laminate is polycrystalline ice laminate and wherein the draw rate is a fixed rate selected to closely match a velocity of a freezing front of ice growth on the substrate surface. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
prior to seeding the substrate surface, allowing thermal equilibration of the substrate and the sample holder for an equilibration period of time. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
maintaining the ambient temperature in the chamber at a level that is lower than the temperature of the substrate. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein seeding the substrate surface comprises spraying the substrate surface with ultrapure water. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is performed according to stored information that includes at least one of the substrate material, the seed droplets; the ambient temperature, the temperature of the substrate; the temperature of the reservoir, the temperature difference between the substrate and the reservoir over the period of time for crystallization growth, or the draw rate, the stored information having previously been used to grow polycrystalline ice with columnar microstructures on the substrate surface. 10. A system of crystallization growth on a substrate surface of a substrate having a substrate material, the system comprising:
a frame disposed in a chamber that provides an ambient temperature; a container having a reservoir therein; a sample holder to mount the substrate above the reservoir with the substrate surface facing a liquid surface of the reservoir; a sample holder temperature control device to control a temperature of the sample holder; a reservoir temperature control device to control a temperature of the reservoir independently of the temperature of the sample holder to produce a temperature difference between the substrate and the reservoir over a period of time for crystallization growth; and a linear stage to lower the substrate surface to the liquid surface of the reservoir and to retract the substrate surface from the liquid surface of the reservoir at a draw rate; wherein the draw rate and the temperature difference are selected to grow polycrystalline laminate on the substrate surface. 11. The system of claim 10, further comprising a computer programmed to:
after the substrate surface is seeded with seed droplets, lower the substrate surface to the liquid surface of the reservoir; independently control the temperature of the substrate and the temperature of the reservoir to produce a temperature difference between the substrate and the reservoir; and retract the substrate surface from the liquid surface of the reservoir at a draw rate selected to grow polycrystalline ice laminate on the substrate surface. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the temperature of the reservoir is controlled to achieve a stable liquid surface temperature. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the temperature of the substrate is controlled by undercooling the sample holder to an initial temperature that is lower than the liquid surface temperature for an initial period of time, ramping the temperature of the substrate from the initial temperature to a final temperature that is lower than the initial temperature for a ramp period of time, and holding the temperature of the substrate at the final temperature for a final period of time. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the tempera the substrate is linearly ramped from the initial temperature to the final temperature. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the draw rate is a fixed rate selected to closely match a velocity of a freezing front of ice growth on the substrate surface. 16. The system of claim 11, wherein the computer is programmed to:
prior to seeding the substrate surface, allow thermal equilibration of the substrate and the sample holder for an equilibration period of time. 17. The system of claim 11, wherein the computer is programmed to:
maintain the ambient temperature in the chamber at a level that is lower than the temperature of the substrate. 18. The system of claim 1, wherein the computer is programmed to employ stored information that includes at least one of the substrate material, the seed droplets, the ambient temperature; the temperature of the substrate, the temperature of the reservoir; the temperature difference between the substrate and the reservoir over the period of time for crystallization growth, or the draw rate, the stored information having previously been used to grow polycrystalline ice with columnar microstructures on the substrate surface. 19. A computer program product for crystallization growth on a substrate surface of a substrate having a substrate material, which is mounted to a sample holder with the substrate surface facing a liquid surface of a reservoir disposed in a chamber that provides ambient temperature, the computer program product embodied on a non-transitory tangible computer readable medium, comprising:
computer-executable code for, after the substrate surface is seeded with seed droplets, lowering the substrate surface to the liquid surface of the reservoir; computer-executable code for independently controlling the temperature of the substrate and the temperature of the reservoir to produce a temperature difference between the substrate and the reservoir over a period of time for crystallization growth; and computer-executable code for retracting the substrate surface from the liquid surface of the reservoir at a draw rate; wherein the draw rate and the temperature difference are selected to grow polycrystalline laminate on the substrate surface. 20. The computer program product of claim 19, further comprising:
computer-executable code for employing stored information that includes at least one of the substrate material, the seed droplets, the ambient temperature, the temperature of the substrate, the temperature of the reservoir, the temperature difference between the substrate and the reservoir over the period of time for crystallization growth, or the draw rate, the stored information having previously been used to grow polycrystalline ice laminate with columnar microstructures on the substrate surface. | 3,700 |
342,111 | 16,802,500 | 2,656 | A hearing apparatus includes: a receiving unit configured to obtain a first speech signal; a processor configured to provide of an electrical output signal based on the first speech signal; and a receiver for providing an audio output signal based on the electrical output signal; wherein the hearing apparatus is configured to determine a first word count of the first speech signal, and update a total word count based on the first word count. | 1. A hearing apparatus comprising:
a receiving unit configured to obtain a first speech signal; a processor configured to provide of an electrical output signal based on the first speech signal; and a receiver for providing an audio output signal based on the electrical output signal; wherein the hearing apparatus is configured to determine a first word count of the first speech signal, and update a total word count based on the first word count. 2. The hearing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the receiving unit comprises a microphone module, wherein the hearing apparatus is configured to determine a first direction of arrival of the first speech signal, and wherein the hearing apparatus is configured to update the total word count is based on the first direction of arrival. 3. The hearing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the receiving unit is configured to obtain a second speech signal, and wherein the hearing apparatus is configured to determine a second word count of the second speech signal, and update the total word count based on the second word count. 4. The hearing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hearing apparatus is configured to determine a first intelligibility parameter of the first speech signal, and wherein the hearing apparatus is configured to determine the first word count of the first speech signal based on the first intelligibility satisfying an intelligibility criterion. 5. The hearing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hearing apparatus is configured to determine an identity of a person that is a source of the first speech signal. 6. The hearing apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the hearing apparatus is configured to update the total word count by updating a first total word count associated with a first identity if the identity of the person is the first identity, or updating a second total word count associated with a second identity if the identity of the person is the second identity. 7. The hearing apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the first identity is an identity of a user of the hearing apparatus. 8. The hearing apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the second identify is an identity of a parent of the user. 9. The hearing apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the hearing apparatus is configured to determine the identity of the person by:
parameterizing the first speech signal into one or more voice parameters; comparing the one or more voice parameters with pre-stored voice parameters associated with different identities of persons; and establishing the identity of the person being the source of the first speech signal based on a result from the comparing. 10. The hearing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the receiving unit comprises a transceiver module configured to obtain the first speech signal from an external device. 11. The hearing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hearing apparatus further comprises a transceiver module configured to transmit the total word count to an external device; or
wherein the receiving unit is a part of the transceiver module. 12. The hearing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hearing apparatus is configured to reset the total word count. 13. The hearing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hearing apparatus is configured to determine a position of the hearing apparatus, and cease determining the first word count of the first speech signal if the position of the hearing apparatus is not indicative of a position at an ear of a user of the hearing apparatus. 14. A method performed by a hearing apparatus, comprising:
obtaining a first speech signal; determining a first word count of the first speech signal; updating a total word count based on the first word count; providing an electrical output signal based on the first speech signal; and converting the electrical output signal to an audio output signal. 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the act of obtaining the first speech signal is performed by a microphone module of the hearing apparatus, and wherein the method comprises determining a first direction of arrival of the first speech signal, and wherein the act of updating the total word count is based on the first direction of arrival. 16. The method according to claim 14, further comprising:
obtaining a second speech signal; determining a second word count of the second speech signal; and updating the total word count based on the second word count. 17. The method according to claim 14, further comprising determining a first intelligibility parameter of the first speech signal, wherein the act of determining the first word count of the first speech signal is performed based on the first intelligibility satisfying an intelligibility criterion. 18. The method according to claim 14, further comprising determining an identity of a person that is a source of the first speech signal. 19. The method according to claim 18, wherein the act of updating the total word count comprises updating a first total word count associated with a first identity if the identity of the person is the first identity, or updating a second total word count associated with a second identity if the identity of the person is the second identity. 20. The method according to claim 19, wherein the first identity is an identity of a user of the hearing apparatus. 21. The method according to claim 19, wherein the second identify is an identity of a parent of the user. 22. The method according to claim 18, wherein the act of determining the identity of the person comprises:
parameterizing the first speech signal into one or more voice parameters; comparing the one or more voice parameters with pre-stored voice parameters associated with different identities of persons; and establishing the identity of the person being the source of the first speech signal based on a result from the act of comparing. 23. The method according to claim 14, wherein the act of obtaining the first speech signal comprises obtaining the first speech signal from an external device via a transceiver module of the hearing apparatus. 24. The method according to claim 14, further comprising transmitting the total word count to an external device via a transceiver module. 25. The method according to claim 14, further comprising resetting the total word count. 26. The method according to claim 14, further comprising:
determining a position of the hearing apparatus; and disabling the act of determining the first word count of the first speech signal if the position of the hearing apparatus is not indicative of a position at an ear of a user of the hearing apparatus. | A hearing apparatus includes: a receiving unit configured to obtain a first speech signal; a processor configured to provide of an electrical output signal based on the first speech signal; and a receiver for providing an audio output signal based on the electrical output signal; wherein the hearing apparatus is configured to determine a first word count of the first speech signal, and update a total word count based on the first word count.1. A hearing apparatus comprising:
a receiving unit configured to obtain a first speech signal; a processor configured to provide of an electrical output signal based on the first speech signal; and a receiver for providing an audio output signal based on the electrical output signal; wherein the hearing apparatus is configured to determine a first word count of the first speech signal, and update a total word count based on the first word count. 2. The hearing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the receiving unit comprises a microphone module, wherein the hearing apparatus is configured to determine a first direction of arrival of the first speech signal, and wherein the hearing apparatus is configured to update the total word count is based on the first direction of arrival. 3. The hearing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the receiving unit is configured to obtain a second speech signal, and wherein the hearing apparatus is configured to determine a second word count of the second speech signal, and update the total word count based on the second word count. 4. The hearing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hearing apparatus is configured to determine a first intelligibility parameter of the first speech signal, and wherein the hearing apparatus is configured to determine the first word count of the first speech signal based on the first intelligibility satisfying an intelligibility criterion. 5. The hearing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hearing apparatus is configured to determine an identity of a person that is a source of the first speech signal. 6. The hearing apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the hearing apparatus is configured to update the total word count by updating a first total word count associated with a first identity if the identity of the person is the first identity, or updating a second total word count associated with a second identity if the identity of the person is the second identity. 7. The hearing apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the first identity is an identity of a user of the hearing apparatus. 8. The hearing apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the second identify is an identity of a parent of the user. 9. The hearing apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the hearing apparatus is configured to determine the identity of the person by:
parameterizing the first speech signal into one or more voice parameters; comparing the one or more voice parameters with pre-stored voice parameters associated with different identities of persons; and establishing the identity of the person being the source of the first speech signal based on a result from the comparing. 10. The hearing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the receiving unit comprises a transceiver module configured to obtain the first speech signal from an external device. 11. The hearing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hearing apparatus further comprises a transceiver module configured to transmit the total word count to an external device; or
wherein the receiving unit is a part of the transceiver module. 12. The hearing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hearing apparatus is configured to reset the total word count. 13. The hearing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hearing apparatus is configured to determine a position of the hearing apparatus, and cease determining the first word count of the first speech signal if the position of the hearing apparatus is not indicative of a position at an ear of a user of the hearing apparatus. 14. A method performed by a hearing apparatus, comprising:
obtaining a first speech signal; determining a first word count of the first speech signal; updating a total word count based on the first word count; providing an electrical output signal based on the first speech signal; and converting the electrical output signal to an audio output signal. 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the act of obtaining the first speech signal is performed by a microphone module of the hearing apparatus, and wherein the method comprises determining a first direction of arrival of the first speech signal, and wherein the act of updating the total word count is based on the first direction of arrival. 16. The method according to claim 14, further comprising:
obtaining a second speech signal; determining a second word count of the second speech signal; and updating the total word count based on the second word count. 17. The method according to claim 14, further comprising determining a first intelligibility parameter of the first speech signal, wherein the act of determining the first word count of the first speech signal is performed based on the first intelligibility satisfying an intelligibility criterion. 18. The method according to claim 14, further comprising determining an identity of a person that is a source of the first speech signal. 19. The method according to claim 18, wherein the act of updating the total word count comprises updating a first total word count associated with a first identity if the identity of the person is the first identity, or updating a second total word count associated with a second identity if the identity of the person is the second identity. 20. The method according to claim 19, wherein the first identity is an identity of a user of the hearing apparatus. 21. The method according to claim 19, wherein the second identify is an identity of a parent of the user. 22. The method according to claim 18, wherein the act of determining the identity of the person comprises:
parameterizing the first speech signal into one or more voice parameters; comparing the one or more voice parameters with pre-stored voice parameters associated with different identities of persons; and establishing the identity of the person being the source of the first speech signal based on a result from the act of comparing. 23. The method according to claim 14, wherein the act of obtaining the first speech signal comprises obtaining the first speech signal from an external device via a transceiver module of the hearing apparatus. 24. The method according to claim 14, further comprising transmitting the total word count to an external device via a transceiver module. 25. The method according to claim 14, further comprising resetting the total word count. 26. The method according to claim 14, further comprising:
determining a position of the hearing apparatus; and disabling the act of determining the first word count of the first speech signal if the position of the hearing apparatus is not indicative of a position at an ear of a user of the hearing apparatus. | 2,600 |
342,112 | 16,802,518 | 2,696 | A hearing apparatus includes: a receiving unit configured to obtain a first speech signal; a processor configured to provide of an electrical output signal based on the first speech signal; and a receiver for providing an audio output signal based on the electrical output signal; wherein the hearing apparatus is configured to determine a first word count of the first speech signal, and update a total word count based on the first word count. | 1. A hearing apparatus comprising:
a receiving unit configured to obtain a first speech signal; a processor configured to provide of an electrical output signal based on the first speech signal; and a receiver for providing an audio output signal based on the electrical output signal; wherein the hearing apparatus is configured to determine a first word count of the first speech signal, and update a total word count based on the first word count. 2. The hearing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the receiving unit comprises a microphone module, wherein the hearing apparatus is configured to determine a first direction of arrival of the first speech signal, and wherein the hearing apparatus is configured to update the total word count is based on the first direction of arrival. 3. The hearing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the receiving unit is configured to obtain a second speech signal, and wherein the hearing apparatus is configured to determine a second word count of the second speech signal, and update the total word count based on the second word count. 4. The hearing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hearing apparatus is configured to determine a first intelligibility parameter of the first speech signal, and wherein the hearing apparatus is configured to determine the first word count of the first speech signal based on the first intelligibility satisfying an intelligibility criterion. 5. The hearing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hearing apparatus is configured to determine an identity of a person that is a source of the first speech signal. 6. The hearing apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the hearing apparatus is configured to update the total word count by updating a first total word count associated with a first identity if the identity of the person is the first identity, or updating a second total word count associated with a second identity if the identity of the person is the second identity. 7. The hearing apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the first identity is an identity of a user of the hearing apparatus. 8. The hearing apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the second identify is an identity of a parent of the user. 9. The hearing apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the hearing apparatus is configured to determine the identity of the person by:
parameterizing the first speech signal into one or more voice parameters; comparing the one or more voice parameters with pre-stored voice parameters associated with different identities of persons; and establishing the identity of the person being the source of the first speech signal based on a result from the comparing. 10. The hearing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the receiving unit comprises a transceiver module configured to obtain the first speech signal from an external device. 11. The hearing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hearing apparatus further comprises a transceiver module configured to transmit the total word count to an external device; or
wherein the receiving unit is a part of the transceiver module. 12. The hearing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hearing apparatus is configured to reset the total word count. 13. The hearing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hearing apparatus is configured to determine a position of the hearing apparatus, and cease determining the first word count of the first speech signal if the position of the hearing apparatus is not indicative of a position at an ear of a user of the hearing apparatus. 14. A method performed by a hearing apparatus, comprising:
obtaining a first speech signal; determining a first word count of the first speech signal; updating a total word count based on the first word count; providing an electrical output signal based on the first speech signal; and converting the electrical output signal to an audio output signal. 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the act of obtaining the first speech signal is performed by a microphone module of the hearing apparatus, and wherein the method comprises determining a first direction of arrival of the first speech signal, and wherein the act of updating the total word count is based on the first direction of arrival. 16. The method according to claim 14, further comprising:
obtaining a second speech signal; determining a second word count of the second speech signal; and updating the total word count based on the second word count. 17. The method according to claim 14, further comprising determining a first intelligibility parameter of the first speech signal, wherein the act of determining the first word count of the first speech signal is performed based on the first intelligibility satisfying an intelligibility criterion. 18. The method according to claim 14, further comprising determining an identity of a person that is a source of the first speech signal. 19. The method according to claim 18, wherein the act of updating the total word count comprises updating a first total word count associated with a first identity if the identity of the person is the first identity, or updating a second total word count associated with a second identity if the identity of the person is the second identity. 20. The method according to claim 19, wherein the first identity is an identity of a user of the hearing apparatus. 21. The method according to claim 19, wherein the second identify is an identity of a parent of the user. 22. The method according to claim 18, wherein the act of determining the identity of the person comprises:
parameterizing the first speech signal into one or more voice parameters; comparing the one or more voice parameters with pre-stored voice parameters associated with different identities of persons; and establishing the identity of the person being the source of the first speech signal based on a result from the act of comparing. 23. The method according to claim 14, wherein the act of obtaining the first speech signal comprises obtaining the first speech signal from an external device via a transceiver module of the hearing apparatus. 24. The method according to claim 14, further comprising transmitting the total word count to an external device via a transceiver module. 25. The method according to claim 14, further comprising resetting the total word count. 26. The method according to claim 14, further comprising:
determining a position of the hearing apparatus; and disabling the act of determining the first word count of the first speech signal if the position of the hearing apparatus is not indicative of a position at an ear of a user of the hearing apparatus. | A hearing apparatus includes: a receiving unit configured to obtain a first speech signal; a processor configured to provide of an electrical output signal based on the first speech signal; and a receiver for providing an audio output signal based on the electrical output signal; wherein the hearing apparatus is configured to determine a first word count of the first speech signal, and update a total word count based on the first word count.1. A hearing apparatus comprising:
a receiving unit configured to obtain a first speech signal; a processor configured to provide of an electrical output signal based on the first speech signal; and a receiver for providing an audio output signal based on the electrical output signal; wherein the hearing apparatus is configured to determine a first word count of the first speech signal, and update a total word count based on the first word count. 2. The hearing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the receiving unit comprises a microphone module, wherein the hearing apparatus is configured to determine a first direction of arrival of the first speech signal, and wherein the hearing apparatus is configured to update the total word count is based on the first direction of arrival. 3. The hearing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the receiving unit is configured to obtain a second speech signal, and wherein the hearing apparatus is configured to determine a second word count of the second speech signal, and update the total word count based on the second word count. 4. The hearing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hearing apparatus is configured to determine a first intelligibility parameter of the first speech signal, and wherein the hearing apparatus is configured to determine the first word count of the first speech signal based on the first intelligibility satisfying an intelligibility criterion. 5. The hearing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hearing apparatus is configured to determine an identity of a person that is a source of the first speech signal. 6. The hearing apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the hearing apparatus is configured to update the total word count by updating a first total word count associated with a first identity if the identity of the person is the first identity, or updating a second total word count associated with a second identity if the identity of the person is the second identity. 7. The hearing apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the first identity is an identity of a user of the hearing apparatus. 8. The hearing apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the second identify is an identity of a parent of the user. 9. The hearing apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the hearing apparatus is configured to determine the identity of the person by:
parameterizing the first speech signal into one or more voice parameters; comparing the one or more voice parameters with pre-stored voice parameters associated with different identities of persons; and establishing the identity of the person being the source of the first speech signal based on a result from the comparing. 10. The hearing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the receiving unit comprises a transceiver module configured to obtain the first speech signal from an external device. 11. The hearing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hearing apparatus further comprises a transceiver module configured to transmit the total word count to an external device; or
wherein the receiving unit is a part of the transceiver module. 12. The hearing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hearing apparatus is configured to reset the total word count. 13. The hearing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hearing apparatus is configured to determine a position of the hearing apparatus, and cease determining the first word count of the first speech signal if the position of the hearing apparatus is not indicative of a position at an ear of a user of the hearing apparatus. 14. A method performed by a hearing apparatus, comprising:
obtaining a first speech signal; determining a first word count of the first speech signal; updating a total word count based on the first word count; providing an electrical output signal based on the first speech signal; and converting the electrical output signal to an audio output signal. 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the act of obtaining the first speech signal is performed by a microphone module of the hearing apparatus, and wherein the method comprises determining a first direction of arrival of the first speech signal, and wherein the act of updating the total word count is based on the first direction of arrival. 16. The method according to claim 14, further comprising:
obtaining a second speech signal; determining a second word count of the second speech signal; and updating the total word count based on the second word count. 17. The method according to claim 14, further comprising determining a first intelligibility parameter of the first speech signal, wherein the act of determining the first word count of the first speech signal is performed based on the first intelligibility satisfying an intelligibility criterion. 18. The method according to claim 14, further comprising determining an identity of a person that is a source of the first speech signal. 19. The method according to claim 18, wherein the act of updating the total word count comprises updating a first total word count associated with a first identity if the identity of the person is the first identity, or updating a second total word count associated with a second identity if the identity of the person is the second identity. 20. The method according to claim 19, wherein the first identity is an identity of a user of the hearing apparatus. 21. The method according to claim 19, wherein the second identify is an identity of a parent of the user. 22. The method according to claim 18, wherein the act of determining the identity of the person comprises:
parameterizing the first speech signal into one or more voice parameters; comparing the one or more voice parameters with pre-stored voice parameters associated with different identities of persons; and establishing the identity of the person being the source of the first speech signal based on a result from the act of comparing. 23. The method according to claim 14, wherein the act of obtaining the first speech signal comprises obtaining the first speech signal from an external device via a transceiver module of the hearing apparatus. 24. The method according to claim 14, further comprising transmitting the total word count to an external device via a transceiver module. 25. The method according to claim 14, further comprising resetting the total word count. 26. The method according to claim 14, further comprising:
determining a position of the hearing apparatus; and disabling the act of determining the first word count of the first speech signal if the position of the hearing apparatus is not indicative of a position at an ear of a user of the hearing apparatus. | 2,600 |
342,113 | 16,802,498 | 2,696 | Cuff assemblies for sports board leashes, where the cuff assembly includes a central section that having a precurved molded insert that is configured to connect to a cord of the sports board leash, a first wing attached to a first side of the central section, and a second wing attached to a second side of the central section. The maximum width of the central section of the cuff assembly is greater than the maximum width of either of the first wing or second wing, and the first wing and second wing are configured to overlap and fasten to each other in order to secure the cuff assembly around a person's limb portion. | 1. A cuff assembly for a sports board leash, comprising:
a central section that includes a precurved molded insert configured to connect to a cord of the sports board leash; a first wing attached to a first side of the central section; and a second wing attached to a second side of the central section; wherein the central section, has curvilinear upper and lower borders. 2. The cuff assembly of claim 1, wherein the first wing and the second wing are configured to fasten to each other by overlapping the first wing with the second wing, and the first wing is both wider and longer than the second wing. 3. The cuff assembly of claim 1, wherein a maximum width of the central section is greater than a maximum width of either the first wing or the second wing, and the first wing and second wing are configured to overlap and fasten to each other to secure the cuff assembly around a person's limb portion. 4. The cuff assembly of claim 1, wherein the precurved molded insert includes a molded horn that protrudes from an outer surface of the central section and is configured to connect to the cord of the sports board leash. 5. The cuff assembly of claim 4, wherein the molded horn defines a hole for receiving a cord connection device, and defines a central axis through the hole coextensive with a cord direction, the molded insert being precurved around a limb axis that is perpendicular to the defined central axis. 6. The cuff assembly of claim 5, wherein the molded insert has a maximum height measured orthogonally to the central axis. 7. The cuff assembly of claim 5, wherein each of the first wing and second wing includes plural layers manufactured together such that each wing has a memorized degree of curvature around the limb axis. 8. The cuff assembly of claim 1, wherein the central section is stiffer than either the first wing or the second wing. 9. The cuff assembly of claim 1, wherein the second wing further includes a pull handle member and is stiffer than the first wing. 10. The cuff assembly of claim 1, wherein each of the first wing and the second wing are widest at a middle of the wing, and each wing tapers toward an end of the wing, and narrows where the wing connects to the central section. 11. The cuff assembly of claim 1, wherein the precurved molded insert has an outline that is a rounded rhombus, an ellipse, or an oblate ellipse. 12. The cuff assembly of claim 1, wherein an upper edge and a lower edge of the central section define convex curves that are shaped to accommodate the outline of the precurved molded insert. 13. The cuff assembly of claim 12, wherein the curving upper edge and curving lower edge are mirror-symmetrical. 14. The cuff assembly of claim 1, wherein the central section is precurved to complement a rear surface of a person's ankle, and the first wing and second wing are configured to wrap around the person's ankle to secure the cuff assembly to the ankle. 15. A cuff assembly for a sports board leash, comprising:
a central section that includes a unitary molded insert that is precurved to complement a person's ankle, where the molded insert includes a horn that protrudes from an exterior surface of the central section and is configured to connect to a cord of the sports board leash; a first wing attached to a first side of the central section; and a second wing attached to a second side of the central section; wherein the first wing and second wing are configured to overlap and fasten to each other to secure the cuff assembly around a person's limb portion. 16. The cuff assembly of claim 15, wherein a maximum width of the central section is greater than a maximum width of either the first wing or the second wing. 17. The cuff assembly of claim 15, wherein both an upper and a lower edge of the cuff assembly are curvilinear. 18. The cuff assembly of claim 15, wherein each of the central section, the first wing, and the second wing exhibit a degree of precurving to facilitate securing the cuff assembly around the person's limb portion. 19. The cuff assembly of claim 18, wherein the degree of precurving in the cuff assembly is due in part to an application of a curved heat press to the cuff assembly during manufacture of the cuff assembly. 20. A sports board leash, comprising:
a cord having a first end portion and a second end portion; a cuff assembly connected to the first end portion of the cord, the cuff assembly including: a central section that includes a precurved molded insert that is connected to the first end portion of the cord; a first wing attached to a first side of the central section; and a second wing attached to a second side of the central section;
wherein a maximum width of the central section is greater than a maximum width of either the first wing or the second wing, and the first wing and second wing are configured to overlap and fasten to each other to secure the cuff assembly around a person's limb portion; and
a sports board fastening device connected to the second end portion of the cord. | Cuff assemblies for sports board leashes, where the cuff assembly includes a central section that having a precurved molded insert that is configured to connect to a cord of the sports board leash, a first wing attached to a first side of the central section, and a second wing attached to a second side of the central section. The maximum width of the central section of the cuff assembly is greater than the maximum width of either of the first wing or second wing, and the first wing and second wing are configured to overlap and fasten to each other in order to secure the cuff assembly around a person's limb portion.1. A cuff assembly for a sports board leash, comprising:
a central section that includes a precurved molded insert configured to connect to a cord of the sports board leash; a first wing attached to a first side of the central section; and a second wing attached to a second side of the central section; wherein the central section, has curvilinear upper and lower borders. 2. The cuff assembly of claim 1, wherein the first wing and the second wing are configured to fasten to each other by overlapping the first wing with the second wing, and the first wing is both wider and longer than the second wing. 3. The cuff assembly of claim 1, wherein a maximum width of the central section is greater than a maximum width of either the first wing or the second wing, and the first wing and second wing are configured to overlap and fasten to each other to secure the cuff assembly around a person's limb portion. 4. The cuff assembly of claim 1, wherein the precurved molded insert includes a molded horn that protrudes from an outer surface of the central section and is configured to connect to the cord of the sports board leash. 5. The cuff assembly of claim 4, wherein the molded horn defines a hole for receiving a cord connection device, and defines a central axis through the hole coextensive with a cord direction, the molded insert being precurved around a limb axis that is perpendicular to the defined central axis. 6. The cuff assembly of claim 5, wherein the molded insert has a maximum height measured orthogonally to the central axis. 7. The cuff assembly of claim 5, wherein each of the first wing and second wing includes plural layers manufactured together such that each wing has a memorized degree of curvature around the limb axis. 8. The cuff assembly of claim 1, wherein the central section is stiffer than either the first wing or the second wing. 9. The cuff assembly of claim 1, wherein the second wing further includes a pull handle member and is stiffer than the first wing. 10. The cuff assembly of claim 1, wherein each of the first wing and the second wing are widest at a middle of the wing, and each wing tapers toward an end of the wing, and narrows where the wing connects to the central section. 11. The cuff assembly of claim 1, wherein the precurved molded insert has an outline that is a rounded rhombus, an ellipse, or an oblate ellipse. 12. The cuff assembly of claim 1, wherein an upper edge and a lower edge of the central section define convex curves that are shaped to accommodate the outline of the precurved molded insert. 13. The cuff assembly of claim 12, wherein the curving upper edge and curving lower edge are mirror-symmetrical. 14. The cuff assembly of claim 1, wherein the central section is precurved to complement a rear surface of a person's ankle, and the first wing and second wing are configured to wrap around the person's ankle to secure the cuff assembly to the ankle. 15. A cuff assembly for a sports board leash, comprising:
a central section that includes a unitary molded insert that is precurved to complement a person's ankle, where the molded insert includes a horn that protrudes from an exterior surface of the central section and is configured to connect to a cord of the sports board leash; a first wing attached to a first side of the central section; and a second wing attached to a second side of the central section; wherein the first wing and second wing are configured to overlap and fasten to each other to secure the cuff assembly around a person's limb portion. 16. The cuff assembly of claim 15, wherein a maximum width of the central section is greater than a maximum width of either the first wing or the second wing. 17. The cuff assembly of claim 15, wherein both an upper and a lower edge of the cuff assembly are curvilinear. 18. The cuff assembly of claim 15, wherein each of the central section, the first wing, and the second wing exhibit a degree of precurving to facilitate securing the cuff assembly around the person's limb portion. 19. The cuff assembly of claim 18, wherein the degree of precurving in the cuff assembly is due in part to an application of a curved heat press to the cuff assembly during manufacture of the cuff assembly. 20. A sports board leash, comprising:
a cord having a first end portion and a second end portion; a cuff assembly connected to the first end portion of the cord, the cuff assembly including: a central section that includes a precurved molded insert that is connected to the first end portion of the cord; a first wing attached to a first side of the central section; and a second wing attached to a second side of the central section;
wherein a maximum width of the central section is greater than a maximum width of either the first wing or the second wing, and the first wing and second wing are configured to overlap and fasten to each other to secure the cuff assembly around a person's limb portion; and
a sports board fastening device connected to the second end portion of the cord. | 2,600 |
342,114 | 16,802,434 | 2,696 | Generally described, the present disclosure relates to measuring core body temperature through respiratory mechanisms. The disclosed techniques can use surface temperature, exhaled air, perfusion information, blood oxygen saturation, respiration rate, circadian rhythms, and the like to obtain an accurate reading of the body's core temperature. Example devices are disclosed for obtaining core temperature from exhaled air and useful mechanisms for presenting this information to a user are also disclosed, including user interfaces and alarm mechanisms. Stereo thermometry methods may also be used to estimate core body temperature. This information can be used to track conditions of a subject, including fever status and comfortability, to ensure full consideration of a subject's well-being. | 1.-29. (canceled) 30. A method for estimating core body temperature, the method comprising:
receiving, using a temperature measurement device, a sample of air from a subject's lungs; measuring temperature of the sample of air; estimating a core body temperature measurement based at least in part on the measured temperature; receiving supplemental physiological data from the subject; refining the core body temperature measurement based at least in part on the supplemental physiological data; and displaying a reading of the refined core body temperature measurement. 31. The method of claim 30, wherein the temperature measurement device comprises an intubation tube. 32. The method of claim 30, wherein the temperature measurement device comprises a hand-held device. 33. The method of claim 30, wherein the method further comprises:
receiving, from another temperature measurement device, a surface temperature measurement for the subject as measured over time; and wherein the reading includes a plot of the refined core body temperature and surface temperature over time. 34. The method of claim 33, wherein the plot includes a heat map showing a duration of time that the subject was experiencing a particular refined core body temperature and surface temperature measurement relative to the duration of time the subject was experiencing a different refined core body temperature and surface temperature measurement. 35. The method of claim 30, wherein the supplemental physiological data includes one or more of: pulse oximetry data, respiration rate, blood pressure, perfusion index, surface temperature, circadian rhythm, or heart rate. 36. The method of claim 30, wherein the method further comprises:
signaling an alarm based at least in part on one or more of: the estimated core body temperature or the refined core body temperature. 37. A method for determining the condition status of a subject, the method comprising:
estimating, using a temperature measurement device, a core body temperature measurement for a subject; receiving, from another temperature measurement device, a surface temperature measurement for the subject; determining perfusion information of the subject; and determining a trend for the subject's condition based at least in part on the core body temperature measurement, the surface temperature measurement, and the perfusion information of the subject. 38. The method of claim 37, wherein the method further comprises identifying a fever status based at least in part on the determined trend. 39. The method of claim 38, wherein the method further comprises classifying the fever status of a fever of the subject based at least in part on the determined trend. 40. The method of claim 37, wherein the method further comprises controlling application of a fever reducing device based at least in part on the determined trend. 41. The method of claim 40, wherein the fever reducing device comprises medication administered via an intravenous line. 42. The method of claim 37, wherein determining the trend is further based at least in part on a change in surface temperature, a change in core body temperature, and a change in perfusion index. 43. The method of claim 37, wherein determining the trend is further based at least in part on one or more of: pulse oximetry data, respiration rate, blood pressure, circadian rhythm, or heart rate. 44. The method of claim 37, further comprising displaying, via a user interface, a fever status classification along with a reading of the core body temperature. 45. A temperature acquisition system comprising:
a temperature measurement device; and one or more computer hardware processors configured to execute program instructions to cause the temperature acquisition system to at least:
receive a first surface temperature measurement at a first location of a subject;
receive a second surface temperature measurement at a second location of the subject distinct from the first location;
determine a first perfusion index measurement at the first location of the subject;
receive a second perfusion index measurement at the second location of the subject; and
determine a condition of the subject based at least in part on one or more of: the first surface temperature measurement, second surface temperature measurement, the first perfusion index measurement, or the second perfusion index measurement. 46. The temperature acquisition system of claim 45, wherein the program instructions further cause the temperature acquisition system to:
determine a change in the first surface temperature measurement at the first location of the subject and a change in the second surface temperature measurement at the second location of the subject; and determine a time delay difference between the change in the first surface temperature measurement at the first location and the change in the second surface temperature measurement at the second location. 47. The temperature acquisition system of claim 45, wherein the first surface temperature measurement and the second surface temperature measurement are received concurrently. 48. The temperature acquisition system of claim 45, wherein the condition of the subject indicates that the subject is experiencing one or more of: internal bleeding, compartment syndrome, or an infection. 49. The temperature acquisition system of claim 45, wherein an alarm is provided to a user based at least in part on the condition of the subject. | Generally described, the present disclosure relates to measuring core body temperature through respiratory mechanisms. The disclosed techniques can use surface temperature, exhaled air, perfusion information, blood oxygen saturation, respiration rate, circadian rhythms, and the like to obtain an accurate reading of the body's core temperature. Example devices are disclosed for obtaining core temperature from exhaled air and useful mechanisms for presenting this information to a user are also disclosed, including user interfaces and alarm mechanisms. Stereo thermometry methods may also be used to estimate core body temperature. This information can be used to track conditions of a subject, including fever status and comfortability, to ensure full consideration of a subject's well-being.1.-29. (canceled) 30. A method for estimating core body temperature, the method comprising:
receiving, using a temperature measurement device, a sample of air from a subject's lungs; measuring temperature of the sample of air; estimating a core body temperature measurement based at least in part on the measured temperature; receiving supplemental physiological data from the subject; refining the core body temperature measurement based at least in part on the supplemental physiological data; and displaying a reading of the refined core body temperature measurement. 31. The method of claim 30, wherein the temperature measurement device comprises an intubation tube. 32. The method of claim 30, wherein the temperature measurement device comprises a hand-held device. 33. The method of claim 30, wherein the method further comprises:
receiving, from another temperature measurement device, a surface temperature measurement for the subject as measured over time; and wherein the reading includes a plot of the refined core body temperature and surface temperature over time. 34. The method of claim 33, wherein the plot includes a heat map showing a duration of time that the subject was experiencing a particular refined core body temperature and surface temperature measurement relative to the duration of time the subject was experiencing a different refined core body temperature and surface temperature measurement. 35. The method of claim 30, wherein the supplemental physiological data includes one or more of: pulse oximetry data, respiration rate, blood pressure, perfusion index, surface temperature, circadian rhythm, or heart rate. 36. The method of claim 30, wherein the method further comprises:
signaling an alarm based at least in part on one or more of: the estimated core body temperature or the refined core body temperature. 37. A method for determining the condition status of a subject, the method comprising:
estimating, using a temperature measurement device, a core body temperature measurement for a subject; receiving, from another temperature measurement device, a surface temperature measurement for the subject; determining perfusion information of the subject; and determining a trend for the subject's condition based at least in part on the core body temperature measurement, the surface temperature measurement, and the perfusion information of the subject. 38. The method of claim 37, wherein the method further comprises identifying a fever status based at least in part on the determined trend. 39. The method of claim 38, wherein the method further comprises classifying the fever status of a fever of the subject based at least in part on the determined trend. 40. The method of claim 37, wherein the method further comprises controlling application of a fever reducing device based at least in part on the determined trend. 41. The method of claim 40, wherein the fever reducing device comprises medication administered via an intravenous line. 42. The method of claim 37, wherein determining the trend is further based at least in part on a change in surface temperature, a change in core body temperature, and a change in perfusion index. 43. The method of claim 37, wherein determining the trend is further based at least in part on one or more of: pulse oximetry data, respiration rate, blood pressure, circadian rhythm, or heart rate. 44. The method of claim 37, further comprising displaying, via a user interface, a fever status classification along with a reading of the core body temperature. 45. A temperature acquisition system comprising:
a temperature measurement device; and one or more computer hardware processors configured to execute program instructions to cause the temperature acquisition system to at least:
receive a first surface temperature measurement at a first location of a subject;
receive a second surface temperature measurement at a second location of the subject distinct from the first location;
determine a first perfusion index measurement at the first location of the subject;
receive a second perfusion index measurement at the second location of the subject; and
determine a condition of the subject based at least in part on one or more of: the first surface temperature measurement, second surface temperature measurement, the first perfusion index measurement, or the second perfusion index measurement. 46. The temperature acquisition system of claim 45, wherein the program instructions further cause the temperature acquisition system to:
determine a change in the first surface temperature measurement at the first location of the subject and a change in the second surface temperature measurement at the second location of the subject; and determine a time delay difference between the change in the first surface temperature measurement at the first location and the change in the second surface temperature measurement at the second location. 47. The temperature acquisition system of claim 45, wherein the first surface temperature measurement and the second surface temperature measurement are received concurrently. 48. The temperature acquisition system of claim 45, wherein the condition of the subject indicates that the subject is experiencing one or more of: internal bleeding, compartment syndrome, or an infection. 49. The temperature acquisition system of claim 45, wherein an alarm is provided to a user based at least in part on the condition of the subject. | 2,600 |
342,115 | 16,802,495 | 2,696 | The invention is directed to an expandable stent for implantation in a body lumen, such as an artery, and a method for making it from a single length of tubing. The stent consists of a plurality of radially expandable cylindrical elements generally aligned on a common axis and interconnected by one or more links. A Y-shaped member comprised of a link and a U-shaped member has relief dimples formed in the curved portion of a valley to reduce localized stress and thereby reduce fatigue failure that can lead to link structure failure. | 1-10. (canceled) 11. A longitudinally flexible stent for implanting in a body lumen, comprising:
a first cylindrical ring, a second cylindrical ring, a third cylindrical ring, up to an Nth cylindrical ring, the cylindrical rings being generally independently expandable in the radial direction and generally aligned on a common longitudinal axis; each of the cylindrical rings having an undulating pattern of peaks and valleys, the undulating pattern of each of the cylindrical rings being in phase with the undulating pattern of each of the adjacent cylindrical rings; each of the cylindrical rings being interconnected by links to one of the adjacent cylindrical rings so that the cylindrical rings form a longitudinally flexible stent; and a Y-shaped member is formed by one of the links connecting to a first curved portion of a valley, the first curved portion of the valley having a width that is less than a width of a second curved portion of the peaks. 12. The stent of claim 11, wherein the width of the first curved portion of the valley is in the range from 0.0073 to 0.0066 inch. 13. The stent of claim 11, wherein a first shaded area is formed where the first curved portion transitions from a link to third curved portion of the Y-shaped member. 14. The stent of claim 13, wherein the first shaded area is 0.00003 square inch. 15. The stent of claim 14, wherein a second shaded area is formed by a straight portion of a link plus the first curved portion as the first curved portion transitions from the link to the third curved portion of the Y-shaped member. 16. The stent of claim 15, wherein the second shaded area is 0.00012 square inch. 17. The stent of claim 11, wherein the distance between adjacent cylindrical rings is less than the width of either a single peak or a single valley. 18. The stent of claim 11, wherein each of the cylindrical rings includes at least three peaks and three valleys. 19. The stent of claim 11, wherein the peaks and valleys have a U-shaped configuration. 20. The stent of claim 11, wherein the stent is formed from a polymer material. 21. The stent of claim 11, wherein the stent is formed from a biodegradable material. | The invention is directed to an expandable stent for implantation in a body lumen, such as an artery, and a method for making it from a single length of tubing. The stent consists of a plurality of radially expandable cylindrical elements generally aligned on a common axis and interconnected by one or more links. A Y-shaped member comprised of a link and a U-shaped member has relief dimples formed in the curved portion of a valley to reduce localized stress and thereby reduce fatigue failure that can lead to link structure failure.1-10. (canceled) 11. A longitudinally flexible stent for implanting in a body lumen, comprising:
a first cylindrical ring, a second cylindrical ring, a third cylindrical ring, up to an Nth cylindrical ring, the cylindrical rings being generally independently expandable in the radial direction and generally aligned on a common longitudinal axis; each of the cylindrical rings having an undulating pattern of peaks and valleys, the undulating pattern of each of the cylindrical rings being in phase with the undulating pattern of each of the adjacent cylindrical rings; each of the cylindrical rings being interconnected by links to one of the adjacent cylindrical rings so that the cylindrical rings form a longitudinally flexible stent; and a Y-shaped member is formed by one of the links connecting to a first curved portion of a valley, the first curved portion of the valley having a width that is less than a width of a second curved portion of the peaks. 12. The stent of claim 11, wherein the width of the first curved portion of the valley is in the range from 0.0073 to 0.0066 inch. 13. The stent of claim 11, wherein a first shaded area is formed where the first curved portion transitions from a link to third curved portion of the Y-shaped member. 14. The stent of claim 13, wherein the first shaded area is 0.00003 square inch. 15. The stent of claim 14, wherein a second shaded area is formed by a straight portion of a link plus the first curved portion as the first curved portion transitions from the link to the third curved portion of the Y-shaped member. 16. The stent of claim 15, wherein the second shaded area is 0.00012 square inch. 17. The stent of claim 11, wherein the distance between adjacent cylindrical rings is less than the width of either a single peak or a single valley. 18. The stent of claim 11, wherein each of the cylindrical rings includes at least three peaks and three valleys. 19. The stent of claim 11, wherein the peaks and valleys have a U-shaped configuration. 20. The stent of claim 11, wherein the stent is formed from a polymer material. 21. The stent of claim 11, wherein the stent is formed from a biodegradable material. | 2,600 |
342,116 | 16,802,505 | 2,696 | The invention discloses a vertical self-service blood pressure detector, which comprises a vertical cabinet. A control board is fixedly arranged on the right end of the upper end surface of the vertical cabinet, a touch screen is arranged on the left end surface of the control board, and a card reader is arranged on the lower side of the touch screen. The user needs to insert a personal social security card, medical card, etc. into the card reader to read personal information before using the device. The present invention allows the user to automatically use the device by placing the blood pressure detector in a vertical cabinet. The user needs to use a social security card or medical card for real-name use. Not only can the user be recorded, but also the test data can be recorded in the social security card or medical card, which is convenient for doctors to obtain data. The stool is stored, and the blood pressure detector is effectively protected, and it is avoided that someone removes the stool, thereby affecting the user experience. | 1. A vertical self-service blood pressure detector includes a vertical cabinet, characterized in that a control board is fixedly arranged on the right end of the upper end surface of the vertical cabinet, a touch screen is arranged on the left end surface of the control board, and a card reader is arranged on the lower side of the touch screen. The user needs to insert a personal social security card, medical card, etc. into the card reader to read personal information before using the device;
a detector storage device is provided on the upper side of the vertical cabinet and on the left side of the control board. The detector storage device includes an instrument storage cavity provided in the upper end surface of the vertical cabinet. A sliding plate is provided, and a blood pressure detector is fixed on the upper surface of the lifting plate. A flip plate is symmetrically arranged on the upper side of the instrument storage cavity. When the lifting plate drives the blood pressure detector to rise to the vertical cabinet When it is on the upper side, the flip board is synchronously opened. At this time, the arm can be extended into the blood pressure detector for blood pressure detection. The detected data is displayed on the touch screen and stored on the social security card or medical treatment through the card reader. Carne a stool storage cavity is provided on the lower side of the instrument storage cavity, and a moving device is provided on the right side of the stool storage cavity. A moving plate is provided in the moving device, and a stool is provided on the upper side of the moving plate. A sealing plate is provided on the left side of the stool storage cavity; pulling devices are symmetrically provided on the front and back sides of the stool storage cavity and are opposite to the front and back sides of the sealing plate. The pulling device can drive the sealing plate to open. At this time, the moving plate can be used to drive the sitting stool. Move left to the left side of the stand cabinet for use by the tester. 2. The vertical self-service blood pressure detector according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower wall of the instrument storage cavity is connected with an active sliding cavity, and a telescopic screw is rotatably provided between the left and right walls of the active sliding cavity. The telescopic screw is divided into left and right sections and the directions of the threads are opposite. The active slide cavity is symmetrical and slidable with active sliders that are respectively screwed to the left and right sections of the telescopic screw. A driven sliding cavity is provided with the opening downward and facing directly above the driving sliding cavity. Guide slide rods are fixedly connected between the left and right walls of the driven sliding cavity. The driven sliding cavity is symmetrical and slidable left and right. A driven slider slidingly connected to the guide slider is provided, and a telescopic hinge is connected to the hinge between the driven slider and the active slider. 3. The vertical self-service blood pressure detector according to claim 2, wherein a control motor is fixedly located in the right wall of the active slide cavity, and the right end of the telescopic screw is dynamically connected to the control motor. 4. The vertical self-service blood pressure tester according to claim 1, characterized in that: the upper side of the instrument storage cavity is connected with an upwardly turned flap cavity, and the flip plate is rotatably connected to the end away from the center of symmetry. The left and right walls of the turning plate cavity, the lower end of the turning plate is fixedly provided with a circular arc rod located in the instrument storage cavity, a lower end of the circular arc rod is hinged to a push-pull rod, and a lower end of the push-pull rod is hinged to the lift The upper end of the board. 5. The vertical self-service blood pressure detector according to claim 1, wherein the mobile device comprises a translation cavity provided in the moving plate, and a translation is provided between the left and right walls of the translation cavity. A screw, a translation block that is threadedly connected to the translation screw is slidably left and right in the translation cavity, and a support rod chute with an upward opening is arranged on the upper side of the translation cavity; the left and right sliding rods in the supporting rod chute are fixed on the upper end of the supporting rod, an elastic cushion is fixed on the upper end surface of the supporting stool, and a bevel gear cavity is provided on the right side of the translation cavity. The right end of the translation screw extends into the bevel gear cavity and is provided with a driven bevel gear. A driving bevel gear meshing with the driven bevel gear is rotatably provided between the front and rear walls of the bevel gear cavity. The driving bevel gear axis is fixed with a rotating shaft. The front and back walls of the seat storage cavity are symmetrical and connected with gear chute facing the front and back sides of the bevel gear cavity. The front and back ends of the rotating shaft extend to the gear slide. A spur gear is fixed in the groove, and the gear A rack which is engaged with the lower end of the spur gear is fixed in the lower wall of the chute. 6. The vertical self-service blood pressure detector according to claim 5, characterized in that a sprocket cavity is connected to the upper side of the gear chute on the rear side, and the front and back walls of the sprocket cavity are symmetrical and can be left A sprocket is provided for rotation, and a chain is wound between the sprocket wheels. The lower half of the chain can be engaged with the upper end surface of the spur gear. The sprocket is connected to the front end of the moving motor. 7. The vertical self-service blood pressure detector according to claim 1, characterized in that: a roller chamber with a downward opening is provided in the lower end surface of the moving plate, and the left and right walls of the roller chamber are symmetrical and rotatable. A roller shaft is provided, and the roller shaft is symmetrically and fixedly provided on the front and back of the outer circle, and the roller facilitates the movement of the moving plate. 8. The vertical self-service blood pressure detector according to claim 1, wherein the pulling device comprises horizontal chute symmetrically and connected to the upper ends of the front and rear walls of the stool storage cavity, and the sealing plate The upper end is symmetrical and fixed with horizontal sliding columns that can slide left and right in the horizontal chute. The left ends of the front and rear walls of the stool storage cavity are symmetrical and connected with vertical chute. The lower ends of the front and rear end surfaces of the sealing plate are symmetrical and A vertical sliding column that can slide up and down in the vertical chute is fixedly arranged. A side of the vertical chute away from the stool storage cavity is provided with a pulling cavity. The pulling cavity can slide up and down. A pulling block is provided, and one end of the vertical sliding column away from the sealing plate is rotatably connected to the pulling block, and a spring is fixedly connected between the upper end of the pulling block and the upper wall of the pulling cavity. 9. The vertical self-service blood pressure detector according to claim 8, characterized in that: a reel cavity is provided on the upper side of the pulling cavity, and a reel is rotatably provided between the front and rear walls of the reel cavity, A pulling rope is wound around the reel, the lower end of the pulling rope is fixedly connected to the upper end surface of the pulling block, a driving shaft is fixed on the reel's axis, and an inner wall between the reel chambers is provided. In a synchronization cavity, the opposite end of the transmission shaft extends into the synchronization cavity to be fixed with a transmission bevel gear, and the left end of the telescopic screw extends into the synchronization cavity to be fixed with a power bevel gear that engages the transmission bevel gear. 10. The vertical self-service blood pressure detector according to claim 1, wherein a voice player is provided in the left end surface of the control board and on the upper side of the touch screen. | The invention discloses a vertical self-service blood pressure detector, which comprises a vertical cabinet. A control board is fixedly arranged on the right end of the upper end surface of the vertical cabinet, a touch screen is arranged on the left end surface of the control board, and a card reader is arranged on the lower side of the touch screen. The user needs to insert a personal social security card, medical card, etc. into the card reader to read personal information before using the device. The present invention allows the user to automatically use the device by placing the blood pressure detector in a vertical cabinet. The user needs to use a social security card or medical card for real-name use. Not only can the user be recorded, but also the test data can be recorded in the social security card or medical card, which is convenient for doctors to obtain data. The stool is stored, and the blood pressure detector is effectively protected, and it is avoided that someone removes the stool, thereby affecting the user experience.1. A vertical self-service blood pressure detector includes a vertical cabinet, characterized in that a control board is fixedly arranged on the right end of the upper end surface of the vertical cabinet, a touch screen is arranged on the left end surface of the control board, and a card reader is arranged on the lower side of the touch screen. The user needs to insert a personal social security card, medical card, etc. into the card reader to read personal information before using the device;
a detector storage device is provided on the upper side of the vertical cabinet and on the left side of the control board. The detector storage device includes an instrument storage cavity provided in the upper end surface of the vertical cabinet. A sliding plate is provided, and a blood pressure detector is fixed on the upper surface of the lifting plate. A flip plate is symmetrically arranged on the upper side of the instrument storage cavity. When the lifting plate drives the blood pressure detector to rise to the vertical cabinet When it is on the upper side, the flip board is synchronously opened. At this time, the arm can be extended into the blood pressure detector for blood pressure detection. The detected data is displayed on the touch screen and stored on the social security card or medical treatment through the card reader. Carne a stool storage cavity is provided on the lower side of the instrument storage cavity, and a moving device is provided on the right side of the stool storage cavity. A moving plate is provided in the moving device, and a stool is provided on the upper side of the moving plate. A sealing plate is provided on the left side of the stool storage cavity; pulling devices are symmetrically provided on the front and back sides of the stool storage cavity and are opposite to the front and back sides of the sealing plate. The pulling device can drive the sealing plate to open. At this time, the moving plate can be used to drive the sitting stool. Move left to the left side of the stand cabinet for use by the tester. 2. The vertical self-service blood pressure detector according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower wall of the instrument storage cavity is connected with an active sliding cavity, and a telescopic screw is rotatably provided between the left and right walls of the active sliding cavity. The telescopic screw is divided into left and right sections and the directions of the threads are opposite. The active slide cavity is symmetrical and slidable with active sliders that are respectively screwed to the left and right sections of the telescopic screw. A driven sliding cavity is provided with the opening downward and facing directly above the driving sliding cavity. Guide slide rods are fixedly connected between the left and right walls of the driven sliding cavity. The driven sliding cavity is symmetrical and slidable left and right. A driven slider slidingly connected to the guide slider is provided, and a telescopic hinge is connected to the hinge between the driven slider and the active slider. 3. The vertical self-service blood pressure detector according to claim 2, wherein a control motor is fixedly located in the right wall of the active slide cavity, and the right end of the telescopic screw is dynamically connected to the control motor. 4. The vertical self-service blood pressure tester according to claim 1, characterized in that: the upper side of the instrument storage cavity is connected with an upwardly turned flap cavity, and the flip plate is rotatably connected to the end away from the center of symmetry. The left and right walls of the turning plate cavity, the lower end of the turning plate is fixedly provided with a circular arc rod located in the instrument storage cavity, a lower end of the circular arc rod is hinged to a push-pull rod, and a lower end of the push-pull rod is hinged to the lift The upper end of the board. 5. The vertical self-service blood pressure detector according to claim 1, wherein the mobile device comprises a translation cavity provided in the moving plate, and a translation is provided between the left and right walls of the translation cavity. A screw, a translation block that is threadedly connected to the translation screw is slidably left and right in the translation cavity, and a support rod chute with an upward opening is arranged on the upper side of the translation cavity; the left and right sliding rods in the supporting rod chute are fixed on the upper end of the supporting rod, an elastic cushion is fixed on the upper end surface of the supporting stool, and a bevel gear cavity is provided on the right side of the translation cavity. The right end of the translation screw extends into the bevel gear cavity and is provided with a driven bevel gear. A driving bevel gear meshing with the driven bevel gear is rotatably provided between the front and rear walls of the bevel gear cavity. The driving bevel gear axis is fixed with a rotating shaft. The front and back walls of the seat storage cavity are symmetrical and connected with gear chute facing the front and back sides of the bevel gear cavity. The front and back ends of the rotating shaft extend to the gear slide. A spur gear is fixed in the groove, and the gear A rack which is engaged with the lower end of the spur gear is fixed in the lower wall of the chute. 6. The vertical self-service blood pressure detector according to claim 5, characterized in that a sprocket cavity is connected to the upper side of the gear chute on the rear side, and the front and back walls of the sprocket cavity are symmetrical and can be left A sprocket is provided for rotation, and a chain is wound between the sprocket wheels. The lower half of the chain can be engaged with the upper end surface of the spur gear. The sprocket is connected to the front end of the moving motor. 7. The vertical self-service blood pressure detector according to claim 1, characterized in that: a roller chamber with a downward opening is provided in the lower end surface of the moving plate, and the left and right walls of the roller chamber are symmetrical and rotatable. A roller shaft is provided, and the roller shaft is symmetrically and fixedly provided on the front and back of the outer circle, and the roller facilitates the movement of the moving plate. 8. The vertical self-service blood pressure detector according to claim 1, wherein the pulling device comprises horizontal chute symmetrically and connected to the upper ends of the front and rear walls of the stool storage cavity, and the sealing plate The upper end is symmetrical and fixed with horizontal sliding columns that can slide left and right in the horizontal chute. The left ends of the front and rear walls of the stool storage cavity are symmetrical and connected with vertical chute. The lower ends of the front and rear end surfaces of the sealing plate are symmetrical and A vertical sliding column that can slide up and down in the vertical chute is fixedly arranged. A side of the vertical chute away from the stool storage cavity is provided with a pulling cavity. The pulling cavity can slide up and down. A pulling block is provided, and one end of the vertical sliding column away from the sealing plate is rotatably connected to the pulling block, and a spring is fixedly connected between the upper end of the pulling block and the upper wall of the pulling cavity. 9. The vertical self-service blood pressure detector according to claim 8, characterized in that: a reel cavity is provided on the upper side of the pulling cavity, and a reel is rotatably provided between the front and rear walls of the reel cavity, A pulling rope is wound around the reel, the lower end of the pulling rope is fixedly connected to the upper end surface of the pulling block, a driving shaft is fixed on the reel's axis, and an inner wall between the reel chambers is provided. In a synchronization cavity, the opposite end of the transmission shaft extends into the synchronization cavity to be fixed with a transmission bevel gear, and the left end of the telescopic screw extends into the synchronization cavity to be fixed with a power bevel gear that engages the transmission bevel gear. 10. The vertical self-service blood pressure detector according to claim 1, wherein a voice player is provided in the left end surface of the control board and on the upper side of the touch screen. | 2,600 |
342,117 | 16,802,478 | 2,696 | A wiring structure includes an insulating layer and a conductive structure. The insulating layer has an upper surface and a lower surface opposite to the upper surface, and defines an opening extending through the insulating layer. The conductive structure is disposed in the opening of the insulating layer, and includes a first barrier layer and a wetting layer. The first barrier layer is disposed on a sidewall of the opening of the insulating layer, and defines a through hole extending through the first barrier layer. The wetting layer is disposed on the first barrier layer. A portion of the wetting layer is exposed from the through hole of the first barrier layer and the lower surface of the insulating layer to form a ball pad. | 1-27. (canceled) 28. A wiring structure, comprising:
a metal layer; and a conductive structure disposed on the metal layer and including a redistribution layer, a first barrier layer and a wetting layer, wherein the first barrier layer is disposed between the redistribution layer and the wetting layer, a first portion of the wetting layer is exposed from the metal layer to form a ball pad, and a second portion of the wetting layer is disposed on the metal layer. 29. The wiring structure of claim 28, wherein the metal layer defines a through hole extending through the metal layer, and the first portion of the wetting layer is exposed from the through hole of the metal layer to form the ball pad. 30. The wiring structure of claim 28, wherein the metal layer is a seed layer. 31. The wiring structure of claim 30, wherein the seed layer includes a titanium layer and a copper layer. 32. The wiring structure of claim 28, further comprising a second barrier layer, wherein the wetting layer is disposed between the first barrier layer and the second barrier layer. 33. The wiring structure of claim 32, wherein a thickness of the second barrier layer is less than a thickness of the first barrier layer. 34. The wiring structure of claim 32, wherein the second barrier layer is disposed on the metal layer. 35. The wiring structure of claim 32, wherein the metal layer defines a first through hole extending through the metal layer, the second barrier defines a second through hole extending through the second barrier layer, the second through hole of the second barrier layer corresponds to the first through hole of the metal layer, and the first portion of the wetting layer is exposed from the first through hole of the metal layer and the second through hole of the second barrier layer to form the ball pad. 36. The wiring structure of claim 35, wherein the ball pad is recessed from the wetting layer and the second barrier layer. 37. The wiring structure of claim 35, wherein the first through hole of the metal layer and the second through hole of the second barrier layer are disposed below the ball pad. 38. The wiring structure of claim 28, wherein a material of the wetting layer includes gold. 39. A conductive structure, comprising:
a circuit structure including a plurality of metal layers, wherein the circuit structure includes a bonding region and an extending region, an amount of metal layers of the bonding region is different from an amount of metal layers of the extending region, the bonding region includes a wetting layer and a first barrier layer disposed on the wetting layer, the extending region includes the wetting layer, the first barrier layer and a second barrier layer, the wetting layer is disposed between the first barrier layer and the second barrier layer, and a thickness of the first barrier layer is larger than a thickness of the second barrier layer. 40. The conductive structure of claim 39, wherein the bonding region is uncovered by the second barrier layer. 41. The conductive structure of claim 39, further comprising a metal layer, wherein the second barrier layer is disposed on the metal layer. 42. The conductive structure of claim 41, wherein a material of the metal layer includes titanium and/or copper. 43. The conductive structure of claim 39, further comprising a redistribution layer disposed on the first barrier layer. 44. The conductive structure of claim 43, wherein a peripheral wall of the redistribution layer aligns with a peripheral wall of the circuit structure. 45. The conductive structure of claim 39, wherein a material of the wetting layer includes gold. 46. The conductive structure of claim 39, further comprising an electronic connecting element contacting the wetting layer. 47. The conductive structure of claim 46, wherein the electronic connecting element is attached to the bonding region of the circuit structure. | A wiring structure includes an insulating layer and a conductive structure. The insulating layer has an upper surface and a lower surface opposite to the upper surface, and defines an opening extending through the insulating layer. The conductive structure is disposed in the opening of the insulating layer, and includes a first barrier layer and a wetting layer. The first barrier layer is disposed on a sidewall of the opening of the insulating layer, and defines a through hole extending through the first barrier layer. The wetting layer is disposed on the first barrier layer. A portion of the wetting layer is exposed from the through hole of the first barrier layer and the lower surface of the insulating layer to form a ball pad.1-27. (canceled) 28. A wiring structure, comprising:
a metal layer; and a conductive structure disposed on the metal layer and including a redistribution layer, a first barrier layer and a wetting layer, wherein the first barrier layer is disposed between the redistribution layer and the wetting layer, a first portion of the wetting layer is exposed from the metal layer to form a ball pad, and a second portion of the wetting layer is disposed on the metal layer. 29. The wiring structure of claim 28, wherein the metal layer defines a through hole extending through the metal layer, and the first portion of the wetting layer is exposed from the through hole of the metal layer to form the ball pad. 30. The wiring structure of claim 28, wherein the metal layer is a seed layer. 31. The wiring structure of claim 30, wherein the seed layer includes a titanium layer and a copper layer. 32. The wiring structure of claim 28, further comprising a second barrier layer, wherein the wetting layer is disposed between the first barrier layer and the second barrier layer. 33. The wiring structure of claim 32, wherein a thickness of the second barrier layer is less than a thickness of the first barrier layer. 34. The wiring structure of claim 32, wherein the second barrier layer is disposed on the metal layer. 35. The wiring structure of claim 32, wherein the metal layer defines a first through hole extending through the metal layer, the second barrier defines a second through hole extending through the second barrier layer, the second through hole of the second barrier layer corresponds to the first through hole of the metal layer, and the first portion of the wetting layer is exposed from the first through hole of the metal layer and the second through hole of the second barrier layer to form the ball pad. 36. The wiring structure of claim 35, wherein the ball pad is recessed from the wetting layer and the second barrier layer. 37. The wiring structure of claim 35, wherein the first through hole of the metal layer and the second through hole of the second barrier layer are disposed below the ball pad. 38. The wiring structure of claim 28, wherein a material of the wetting layer includes gold. 39. A conductive structure, comprising:
a circuit structure including a plurality of metal layers, wherein the circuit structure includes a bonding region and an extending region, an amount of metal layers of the bonding region is different from an amount of metal layers of the extending region, the bonding region includes a wetting layer and a first barrier layer disposed on the wetting layer, the extending region includes the wetting layer, the first barrier layer and a second barrier layer, the wetting layer is disposed between the first barrier layer and the second barrier layer, and a thickness of the first barrier layer is larger than a thickness of the second barrier layer. 40. The conductive structure of claim 39, wherein the bonding region is uncovered by the second barrier layer. 41. The conductive structure of claim 39, further comprising a metal layer, wherein the second barrier layer is disposed on the metal layer. 42. The conductive structure of claim 41, wherein a material of the metal layer includes titanium and/or copper. 43. The conductive structure of claim 39, further comprising a redistribution layer disposed on the first barrier layer. 44. The conductive structure of claim 43, wherein a peripheral wall of the redistribution layer aligns with a peripheral wall of the circuit structure. 45. The conductive structure of claim 39, wherein a material of the wetting layer includes gold. 46. The conductive structure of claim 39, further comprising an electronic connecting element contacting the wetting layer. 47. The conductive structure of claim 46, wherein the electronic connecting element is attached to the bonding region of the circuit structure. | 2,600 |
342,118 | 16,802,418 | 2,696 | A kiosk system which is capable of maintaining kiosk devices online without physical manipulation is disclosed. The kiosk system is capable of forcing a programmatic re-initialization of kiosk devices when necessary. Individual devices in the kiosk system can be initialized and re-initialized in parallel with normal operation of the kiosk system. | 1. A method of providing device management services in a kiosk system, the kiosk system having a kiosk application that provides a customer-operated quick service restaurant ordering interface, the method comprising:
receiving a first device status code in a model registry of the kiosk system via an event bus, the device status code comprising data indicative of a kiosk device failure condition; storing the first status code as current status data for a device model corresponding to the kiosk device in the failure condition; issuing a command for the kiosk application to enter a lower function mode based at least in part on the first status code; generating a re-initialization command for the failing kiosk device; and transmitting the re-initialization command to the failing kiosk device. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
re-initializing the failing kiosk device; obtaining a second status code from the re-initialized kiosk device, the status code indicative of normal device operation; and storing the second status code as current status data for the device model corresponding to the re-initialized kiosk device. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising issuing a command for the kiosk application to enter another function mode based at least in part on the second status code. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first device status code received in the model registry of the kiosk system is sent to the model registry from a device management module via the event bus. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the re-initialization command is generated by a device management module in the kiosk system. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the first device status code is received in the model registry asynchronously. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the first device status code comprises a low paper status code and the kiosk device comprises a printing device. 8. A kiosk device management system, comprising:
a device management module configured to generate a first device status code, the device status code comprising data indicative of a kiosk device failure condition; an event bus configured to receive the first device status code from the device management module; and a model registry configured to receive the first device status code from the event bus and store the first status code as current status data for the device model corresponding to the kiosk device in the failure condition, wherein the model registry is further configured to:
issue a command for the kiosk application to enter a lower function mode based at least in part on the first status code;
receive a re-initialization command for the failing kiosk device; and
transmit the re-initialization command to the failing kiosk device. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the model registry is further configured to:
issue a command to re-initialize the failing kiosk device; obtain a second status code from the re-initialized kiosk device, the status code indicative of normal device operation; and store the second status code as current status data for the device model corresponding to the re-initialized kiosk device. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the model registry is further configured to issue a command for the kiosk application to enter another function mode based at least in part on the second status code. 11. The system of claim 8, wherein the device management module is further configured to generate the re-initialization command. 12. The system of claim 8, wherein the model registry is further configured to receive the first device status code asynchronously. 13. The system of claim 8, wherein the first device status code comprises a low paper status code and the kiosk device comprises a printing device. 14. A method of managing a kiosk system, the method comprising:
identifying a first device that has limited functionality; attempting, via a device discover module, to discover a second device that provides at least a portion of the functionality typically provided by the first device; switching services to the discovered second device if the attempt is successful; and causing the kiosk to provide a message of notifying a customer of the limited functionality. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
receiving, via an event bus, a notification related to the discovered second device from the device discovery module; receiving, at a module registry, the information indicative of the discovered second device from the event bus; and generating, at the module registry, a device model based on the received information. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
receiving, at a device management module, status codes from the discovered second device, and sending a command to the discovered second device from the device management module, based on the received status code. 17. A kiosk device management system, comprising:
a model registry configured to identifying a first device that has limited functionality; a device discovery module configured to discover a second device that provides at least a portion of the functionality typically provided by the first device; and an event bus configured to receive a notification related to the discovered second device from the device discovery module, wherein the model registry is further configured to:
switch services to the discovered second device if the attempt is successful; and
cause the kiosk to provide a message of notifying a customer of the limited functionality. 18. The system of claim 17, further comprising:
a module registry configured to receiving the information indicative of the discovered second device from the event bus, and generate a device model based on the received information. 19. The system of claim 18, further comprising:
a device management module configured to receive status codes from the discovered second device, and send a command to the discovered second device based on the received status code. 20. A method of providing device management services in a kiosk system, the kiosk system having a kiosk application that provides a customer-operated quick service restaurant ordering interface, the method comprising:
receiving a first device status code in a model registry of the kiosk system, the device status code comprising data indicative of a kiosk device failure condition; storing the first status code as current status data for a device model corresponding to the kiosk device in the failure condition; issuing a command for the kiosk application to enter a lower function mode based at least in part on the first status code; generating a re-initialization command for the failing kiosk device; and transmitting the re-initialization command to the failing kiosk device. | A kiosk system which is capable of maintaining kiosk devices online without physical manipulation is disclosed. The kiosk system is capable of forcing a programmatic re-initialization of kiosk devices when necessary. Individual devices in the kiosk system can be initialized and re-initialized in parallel with normal operation of the kiosk system.1. A method of providing device management services in a kiosk system, the kiosk system having a kiosk application that provides a customer-operated quick service restaurant ordering interface, the method comprising:
receiving a first device status code in a model registry of the kiosk system via an event bus, the device status code comprising data indicative of a kiosk device failure condition; storing the first status code as current status data for a device model corresponding to the kiosk device in the failure condition; issuing a command for the kiosk application to enter a lower function mode based at least in part on the first status code; generating a re-initialization command for the failing kiosk device; and transmitting the re-initialization command to the failing kiosk device. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
re-initializing the failing kiosk device; obtaining a second status code from the re-initialized kiosk device, the status code indicative of normal device operation; and storing the second status code as current status data for the device model corresponding to the re-initialized kiosk device. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising issuing a command for the kiosk application to enter another function mode based at least in part on the second status code. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first device status code received in the model registry of the kiosk system is sent to the model registry from a device management module via the event bus. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the re-initialization command is generated by a device management module in the kiosk system. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the first device status code is received in the model registry asynchronously. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the first device status code comprises a low paper status code and the kiosk device comprises a printing device. 8. A kiosk device management system, comprising:
a device management module configured to generate a first device status code, the device status code comprising data indicative of a kiosk device failure condition; an event bus configured to receive the first device status code from the device management module; and a model registry configured to receive the first device status code from the event bus and store the first status code as current status data for the device model corresponding to the kiosk device in the failure condition, wherein the model registry is further configured to:
issue a command for the kiosk application to enter a lower function mode based at least in part on the first status code;
receive a re-initialization command for the failing kiosk device; and
transmit the re-initialization command to the failing kiosk device. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the model registry is further configured to:
issue a command to re-initialize the failing kiosk device; obtain a second status code from the re-initialized kiosk device, the status code indicative of normal device operation; and store the second status code as current status data for the device model corresponding to the re-initialized kiosk device. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the model registry is further configured to issue a command for the kiosk application to enter another function mode based at least in part on the second status code. 11. The system of claim 8, wherein the device management module is further configured to generate the re-initialization command. 12. The system of claim 8, wherein the model registry is further configured to receive the first device status code asynchronously. 13. The system of claim 8, wherein the first device status code comprises a low paper status code and the kiosk device comprises a printing device. 14. A method of managing a kiosk system, the method comprising:
identifying a first device that has limited functionality; attempting, via a device discover module, to discover a second device that provides at least a portion of the functionality typically provided by the first device; switching services to the discovered second device if the attempt is successful; and causing the kiosk to provide a message of notifying a customer of the limited functionality. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
receiving, via an event bus, a notification related to the discovered second device from the device discovery module; receiving, at a module registry, the information indicative of the discovered second device from the event bus; and generating, at the module registry, a device model based on the received information. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
receiving, at a device management module, status codes from the discovered second device, and sending a command to the discovered second device from the device management module, based on the received status code. 17. A kiosk device management system, comprising:
a model registry configured to identifying a first device that has limited functionality; a device discovery module configured to discover a second device that provides at least a portion of the functionality typically provided by the first device; and an event bus configured to receive a notification related to the discovered second device from the device discovery module, wherein the model registry is further configured to:
switch services to the discovered second device if the attempt is successful; and
cause the kiosk to provide a message of notifying a customer of the limited functionality. 18. The system of claim 17, further comprising:
a module registry configured to receiving the information indicative of the discovered second device from the event bus, and generate a device model based on the received information. 19. The system of claim 18, further comprising:
a device management module configured to receive status codes from the discovered second device, and send a command to the discovered second device based on the received status code. 20. A method of providing device management services in a kiosk system, the kiosk system having a kiosk application that provides a customer-operated quick service restaurant ordering interface, the method comprising:
receiving a first device status code in a model registry of the kiosk system, the device status code comprising data indicative of a kiosk device failure condition; storing the first status code as current status data for a device model corresponding to the kiosk device in the failure condition; issuing a command for the kiosk application to enter a lower function mode based at least in part on the first status code; generating a re-initialization command for the failing kiosk device; and transmitting the re-initialization command to the failing kiosk device. | 2,600 |
342,119 | 16,802,510 | 2,839 | Disclosed is a rapid short-circuit protection circuit of charger at output end. With the short-circuit protection circuit adopted at an output end of a battery charger, MOS switch transistors in a battery power supply circuit may not burn out when an output end VOUT of the battery charger is short-circuited, and thus a good short-circuit protection effect is rendered. | 1. A short-circuit protection circuit for a battery charger, the battery charger comprising a battery power supply circuit, the battery power supply circuit comprising a first MOS switch transistor, a second MOS switch transistor, a third MOS switch transistor and a battery terminal, a drain of the first MOS switch transistor being connected with a voltage output end VOUT of the battery charger, a source of the first MOS switch transistor being connected with a source of the second MOS switch transistor, grids of the first MOS switch transistor and the second MOS switch transistor being coupled to a drain of the third MOS switch transistor, a grid of the third MOS switch transistor being coupled to a battery voltage protection control end of a central processing unit of the battery charger, a source of the third MOS switch transistor being grounded, and the battery terminal being connected into a battery;
wherein the short-circuit protection circuit comprises a first diode, a second diode, a third diode, a first triode, a second triode, a third triode and a fourth MOS switch transistor, wherein the drain of the first MOS switch transistor is connected with a cathode of the first diode, an anode of the first diode is connected with an emitter of the first triode and a collector of the second triode, a base of the first triode is coupled to the battery voltage protection control end of the central processing unit, a collector of the first triode is connected with a base of the second triode, an emitter of the second triode is coupled to a base of the third triode, a collector of the third triode is connected with anodes of the second diode and the third diode, an cathode of the second diode is connected with grids of the second MOS switch transistor and the first MOS switch transistor, a drain of the second MOS switch transistor and an emitter of the third triode are connected with a positive electrode of the battery terminal, a cathode of the third diode is coupled to a grid of the fourth MOS switch transistor, a drain of the fourth MOS switch transistor is connected with a grid of the third MOS switch transistor, and a source of the fourth MOS switch transistor is grounded. 2. The short-circuit protection circuit according to claim 1, wherein the grids of the first MOS switch transistor and the second MOS switch transistor are connected with the drain of the third MOS switch transistor through a second resistor, the grid of the first MOS switch transistor is connected with the source of the first MOS switch transistor through a third resistor, and the grid of the second MOS switch transistor is connected with the source of the second MOS switch transistor through a stabilivolt. 3. The short-circuit protection circuit according to claim 1, wherein the grid of the third MOS switch transistor and the drain of the fourth MOS switch transistor are connected with the battery voltage protection control end of the central processing unit through a first resistor, and the grid of the third MOS switch transistor is connected with the source of the third MOS switch transistor through a fourth resistor. 4. The short-circuit protection circuit according to claim 1, wherein the base of the first triode is connected with the battery voltage protection control end of the central processing unit through a fifth resistor. 5. The short-circuit protection circuit according to claim 1, wherein the base of the second triode is connected with the emitter of the second triode through a sixth resistor, the emitter of the second triode is connected with the base of the third triode through a seventh resistor, and the base of the third triode is connected with the emitter of the third triode through an eighth resistor. 6. The short-circuit protection circuit according to claim 1, wherein the cathode of the third diode is connected with the grid of the fourth MOS switch transistor through a ninth resistor, and is connected with the source of the fourth MOS switch transistor through a first capacitor and a tenth resistor which are connected in parallel. 7. The short-circuit protection circuit according to claim 1, wherein the drain of the second MOS switch transistor and the emitter of the third triode are connected with the positive electrode of the battery terminal through a PTC fuse. 8. A battery charger, comprising a battery power supply circuit, the battery power supply circuit comprising a first MOS switch transistor, a second MOS switch transistor, a third MOS switch transistor and a battery terminal, a drain of the first MOS switch transistor being connected with a voltage output end VOUT, and a source of the first MOS switch transistor being connected with a source of the second MOS switch transistor, grids of the first MOS switch transistor and the second MOS switch transistor being coupled to a drain of the third MOS switch transistor, a grid of the third MOS switch transistor being coupled to a battery voltage protection control end of a central processing unit, a source of the third MOS switch transistor being grounded, and the battery terminal being connected into a battery;
wherein the battery charger further comprises the short-circuit protection circuit according to claim 1. 9. The battery charger according to claim 8, wherein the battery charger is a lead-acid battery charger. | Disclosed is a rapid short-circuit protection circuit of charger at output end. With the short-circuit protection circuit adopted at an output end of a battery charger, MOS switch transistors in a battery power supply circuit may not burn out when an output end VOUT of the battery charger is short-circuited, and thus a good short-circuit protection effect is rendered.1. A short-circuit protection circuit for a battery charger, the battery charger comprising a battery power supply circuit, the battery power supply circuit comprising a first MOS switch transistor, a second MOS switch transistor, a third MOS switch transistor and a battery terminal, a drain of the first MOS switch transistor being connected with a voltage output end VOUT of the battery charger, a source of the first MOS switch transistor being connected with a source of the second MOS switch transistor, grids of the first MOS switch transistor and the second MOS switch transistor being coupled to a drain of the third MOS switch transistor, a grid of the third MOS switch transistor being coupled to a battery voltage protection control end of a central processing unit of the battery charger, a source of the third MOS switch transistor being grounded, and the battery terminal being connected into a battery;
wherein the short-circuit protection circuit comprises a first diode, a second diode, a third diode, a first triode, a second triode, a third triode and a fourth MOS switch transistor, wherein the drain of the first MOS switch transistor is connected with a cathode of the first diode, an anode of the first diode is connected with an emitter of the first triode and a collector of the second triode, a base of the first triode is coupled to the battery voltage protection control end of the central processing unit, a collector of the first triode is connected with a base of the second triode, an emitter of the second triode is coupled to a base of the third triode, a collector of the third triode is connected with anodes of the second diode and the third diode, an cathode of the second diode is connected with grids of the second MOS switch transistor and the first MOS switch transistor, a drain of the second MOS switch transistor and an emitter of the third triode are connected with a positive electrode of the battery terminal, a cathode of the third diode is coupled to a grid of the fourth MOS switch transistor, a drain of the fourth MOS switch transistor is connected with a grid of the third MOS switch transistor, and a source of the fourth MOS switch transistor is grounded. 2. The short-circuit protection circuit according to claim 1, wherein the grids of the first MOS switch transistor and the second MOS switch transistor are connected with the drain of the third MOS switch transistor through a second resistor, the grid of the first MOS switch transistor is connected with the source of the first MOS switch transistor through a third resistor, and the grid of the second MOS switch transistor is connected with the source of the second MOS switch transistor through a stabilivolt. 3. The short-circuit protection circuit according to claim 1, wherein the grid of the third MOS switch transistor and the drain of the fourth MOS switch transistor are connected with the battery voltage protection control end of the central processing unit through a first resistor, and the grid of the third MOS switch transistor is connected with the source of the third MOS switch transistor through a fourth resistor. 4. The short-circuit protection circuit according to claim 1, wherein the base of the first triode is connected with the battery voltage protection control end of the central processing unit through a fifth resistor. 5. The short-circuit protection circuit according to claim 1, wherein the base of the second triode is connected with the emitter of the second triode through a sixth resistor, the emitter of the second triode is connected with the base of the third triode through a seventh resistor, and the base of the third triode is connected with the emitter of the third triode through an eighth resistor. 6. The short-circuit protection circuit according to claim 1, wherein the cathode of the third diode is connected with the grid of the fourth MOS switch transistor through a ninth resistor, and is connected with the source of the fourth MOS switch transistor through a first capacitor and a tenth resistor which are connected in parallel. 7. The short-circuit protection circuit according to claim 1, wherein the drain of the second MOS switch transistor and the emitter of the third triode are connected with the positive electrode of the battery terminal through a PTC fuse. 8. A battery charger, comprising a battery power supply circuit, the battery power supply circuit comprising a first MOS switch transistor, a second MOS switch transistor, a third MOS switch transistor and a battery terminal, a drain of the first MOS switch transistor being connected with a voltage output end VOUT, and a source of the first MOS switch transistor being connected with a source of the second MOS switch transistor, grids of the first MOS switch transistor and the second MOS switch transistor being coupled to a drain of the third MOS switch transistor, a grid of the third MOS switch transistor being coupled to a battery voltage protection control end of a central processing unit, a source of the third MOS switch transistor being grounded, and the battery terminal being connected into a battery;
wherein the battery charger further comprises the short-circuit protection circuit according to claim 1. 9. The battery charger according to claim 8, wherein the battery charger is a lead-acid battery charger. | 2,800 |
342,120 | 16,802,466 | 2,839 | A vehicle control system includes a steering input member rotatably supported by a vehicle body, a first capacitive sensor provided on a first surface portion of the steering input member facing in one direction along a rotational center line of the steering input member, a second capacitive sensor provided on a second surface portion of the steering input member opposite to the first surface portion, and a control unit configured to control a drive unit and/or a brake unit of the vehicle according to signals from the first and second capacitive sensors. The control unit executes an acceleration control to control the drive unit to accelerate the vehicle when a prescribed signal is received from the first capacitive sensor, and to execute a deceleration control to control the drive unit and/or the brake unit to decelerate the vehicle when a prescribed signal is received from the second capacitive sensor. | 1. A vehicle control system, comprising:
a steering input member rotatably supported by a vehicle body of a vehicle; a first capacitive sensor provided on a first surface portion of the steering input member facing in one direction along a rotational center line of the steering input member; a second capacitive sensor provided on a second surface portion of the steering input member opposite to the first surface portion; and a control unit configured to control at least one of a drive unit and a brake unit of the vehicle according to signals received from the first capacitive sensor and the second capacitive sensor; wherein the control unit is configured to execute an acceleration control to control the drive unit so as to accelerate the vehicle when a prescribed signal is received from the first capacitive sensor, and to execute a deceleration control to control at least one of the drive unit and the brake unit so as to decelerate the vehicle when a prescribed signal is received from the second capacitive sensor. 2. The vehicle control system according to claim 1, further comprising a third capacitive sensor provided along an outer peripheral portion of the steering input member, wherein the control unit is configured to execute the acceleration control when the prescribed signal is received from the first capacitive sensor and a prescribed signal is received from the third capacitive sensor. 3. The vehicle control system according to claim 1, further comprising a third capacitive sensor provided along an outer peripheral portion of the steering input member, wherein the control unit is configured to execute the deceleration control when the prescribed signal is received from the second capacitive sensor and a prescribed signal is received from the third capacitive sensor. 4. The vehicle control system according to claim 3, wherein the third capacitive sensor includes a plurality of capacitive sensor elements arranged circumferentially on the steering input member, and the control unit is configured to execute the acceleration control when the prescribed signal is received from the first capacitive sensor, and a signal corresponding to an electric capacitance equal to or greater than a prescribed value is received from a prescribed position of the third capacitive sensor. 5. The vehicle control system according to claim 1, wherein the first capacitive sensor and the second capacitive sensor are configured to output signals corresponding to electric capacitances thereof to the control unit, and the control unit is configured to execute the acceleration control when the electric capacitance of the first capacitive sensor becomes equal to or greater than a first determination value, and to execute the deceleration control when the electric capacitance of the second capacitive sensor becomes equal to or greater than a second determination value. 6. The vehicle control system according to claim 5, wherein the control unit is configured to execute the acceleration control upon elapsing of a certain time period after an occurrence of an event where the electric capacitance of the first capacitive sensor persisted to be equal to or greater than the first determination value for a predetermined time period, and thereafter, the electric capacitance of the first capacitive sensor fell below the first determination value, and to execute the deceleration control upon elapsing of a certain time period after an occurrence of an event where the electric capacitance of the second capacitive sensor persisted to be equal to or greater than the second determination value for a predetermined time period, and thereafter, the electric capacitance of the second capacitive sensor fell below the second determination value. 7. The vehicle control system according to claim 1, wherein the first capacitive sensor includes a plurality of capacitive sensor elements arranged circumferentially on the steering input member, and the control unit is configured to execute the acceleration control when a signal corresponding to an electric capacitance equal to or greater than a prescribed value is received from a prescribed position of the first capacitive sensor. 8. The vehicle control system according to claim 1, further comprising a force sensor configured to output a signal corresponding to a load applied to the steering input member to the control unit, wherein the control unit is configured to execute the acceleration control when the prescribed signal is received from the first capacitive sensor and a signal corresponding to a first direction of the load is received from the force sensor, and to execute the deceleration control when the prescribed signal is received from the second capacitive sensor and a signal corresponding to a second direction of the load opposite to the first direction is received from the force sensor. 9. The vehicle control system according to claim 1, wherein the control unit is configured to execute a travel start control to cause the vehicle to start traveling by controlling the drive unit, or to execute a stop control to activate a parking brake included in the brake unit according to the signal received from at least one of the first capacitive sensor and the second capacitive sensor. 10. The vehicle control system according to claim 1, wherein the control unit is configured to execute the deceleration control, and not to execute the acceleration control when the prescribed signal is received from the first capacitive sensor and the prescribed signal is received from the second capacitive sensor. | A vehicle control system includes a steering input member rotatably supported by a vehicle body, a first capacitive sensor provided on a first surface portion of the steering input member facing in one direction along a rotational center line of the steering input member, a second capacitive sensor provided on a second surface portion of the steering input member opposite to the first surface portion, and a control unit configured to control a drive unit and/or a brake unit of the vehicle according to signals from the first and second capacitive sensors. The control unit executes an acceleration control to control the drive unit to accelerate the vehicle when a prescribed signal is received from the first capacitive sensor, and to execute a deceleration control to control the drive unit and/or the brake unit to decelerate the vehicle when a prescribed signal is received from the second capacitive sensor.1. A vehicle control system, comprising:
a steering input member rotatably supported by a vehicle body of a vehicle; a first capacitive sensor provided on a first surface portion of the steering input member facing in one direction along a rotational center line of the steering input member; a second capacitive sensor provided on a second surface portion of the steering input member opposite to the first surface portion; and a control unit configured to control at least one of a drive unit and a brake unit of the vehicle according to signals received from the first capacitive sensor and the second capacitive sensor; wherein the control unit is configured to execute an acceleration control to control the drive unit so as to accelerate the vehicle when a prescribed signal is received from the first capacitive sensor, and to execute a deceleration control to control at least one of the drive unit and the brake unit so as to decelerate the vehicle when a prescribed signal is received from the second capacitive sensor. 2. The vehicle control system according to claim 1, further comprising a third capacitive sensor provided along an outer peripheral portion of the steering input member, wherein the control unit is configured to execute the acceleration control when the prescribed signal is received from the first capacitive sensor and a prescribed signal is received from the third capacitive sensor. 3. The vehicle control system according to claim 1, further comprising a third capacitive sensor provided along an outer peripheral portion of the steering input member, wherein the control unit is configured to execute the deceleration control when the prescribed signal is received from the second capacitive sensor and a prescribed signal is received from the third capacitive sensor. 4. The vehicle control system according to claim 3, wherein the third capacitive sensor includes a plurality of capacitive sensor elements arranged circumferentially on the steering input member, and the control unit is configured to execute the acceleration control when the prescribed signal is received from the first capacitive sensor, and a signal corresponding to an electric capacitance equal to or greater than a prescribed value is received from a prescribed position of the third capacitive sensor. 5. The vehicle control system according to claim 1, wherein the first capacitive sensor and the second capacitive sensor are configured to output signals corresponding to electric capacitances thereof to the control unit, and the control unit is configured to execute the acceleration control when the electric capacitance of the first capacitive sensor becomes equal to or greater than a first determination value, and to execute the deceleration control when the electric capacitance of the second capacitive sensor becomes equal to or greater than a second determination value. 6. The vehicle control system according to claim 5, wherein the control unit is configured to execute the acceleration control upon elapsing of a certain time period after an occurrence of an event where the electric capacitance of the first capacitive sensor persisted to be equal to or greater than the first determination value for a predetermined time period, and thereafter, the electric capacitance of the first capacitive sensor fell below the first determination value, and to execute the deceleration control upon elapsing of a certain time period after an occurrence of an event where the electric capacitance of the second capacitive sensor persisted to be equal to or greater than the second determination value for a predetermined time period, and thereafter, the electric capacitance of the second capacitive sensor fell below the second determination value. 7. The vehicle control system according to claim 1, wherein the first capacitive sensor includes a plurality of capacitive sensor elements arranged circumferentially on the steering input member, and the control unit is configured to execute the acceleration control when a signal corresponding to an electric capacitance equal to or greater than a prescribed value is received from a prescribed position of the first capacitive sensor. 8. The vehicle control system according to claim 1, further comprising a force sensor configured to output a signal corresponding to a load applied to the steering input member to the control unit, wherein the control unit is configured to execute the acceleration control when the prescribed signal is received from the first capacitive sensor and a signal corresponding to a first direction of the load is received from the force sensor, and to execute the deceleration control when the prescribed signal is received from the second capacitive sensor and a signal corresponding to a second direction of the load opposite to the first direction is received from the force sensor. 9. The vehicle control system according to claim 1, wherein the control unit is configured to execute a travel start control to cause the vehicle to start traveling by controlling the drive unit, or to execute a stop control to activate a parking brake included in the brake unit according to the signal received from at least one of the first capacitive sensor and the second capacitive sensor. 10. The vehicle control system according to claim 1, wherein the control unit is configured to execute the deceleration control, and not to execute the acceleration control when the prescribed signal is received from the first capacitive sensor and the prescribed signal is received from the second capacitive sensor. | 2,800 |
342,121 | 16,802,496 | 2,839 | A memory system includes a non-volatile memory, a controller that controls writing of data to the non-volatile memory, a power supply circuit that is connected to the non-volatile memory and the controller and generates a plurality of power supply voltages using an external voltage, and at least one capacitor that stores energy that is charged by a charge voltage. The charge voltage is one of the plurality of power supply voltages generated by the power supply circuit. A capacitance of the at least one capacitor is detected and then a value of the charge voltage is set according to the detected capacitance of the at least one capacitor. | 1. A memory system, comprising:
a non-volatile memory; a controller configured to control writing of data to the non-volatile memory; a power supply circuit that is connected to the non-volatile memory and the controller and is configured to generate a plurality of power supply voltages using an external voltage; and at least one capacitor configured to store energy that is charged by a charge voltage, which is one of the plurality of power supply voltages generated by the power supply circuit, wherein a capacitance of the at least one capacitor is detected, and a value of the charge voltage is determined according to the detected capacitance of the at least one capacitor. 2. The memory system according to claim 1, wherein
the value of the charge voltage is set so that an energy amount charged in the at least one capacitor matches a predetermined energy amount. 3. The memory system according to claim 2, wherein
when the detected capacitance of the at least one capacitor is a first capacitance, a first value is used as the value of the charge voltage, and when the detected capacitance of the at least one capacitor is a second capacitance less than the first capacitance, a second value larger than the first value is used as the value of the charge voltage. 4. The memory system according to claim 1, wherein
the capacitance of the at least one capacitor is detected during power-on of the memory system or at a predetermined time during operation of the memory system. 5. The memory system according to claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of capacitors connected in parallel. 6. The memory system according to claim 1, wherein
the at least one capacitor is one of a plurality of capacitors connected in parallel, the plurality of capacitors are connected to the power supply circuit through a plurality of fuses, respectively, and a combined capacitance of the plurality of capacitors is detected. 7. The memory system according to claim 6, wherein
each of the plurality of fuses includes a metal fuse that is opened when an overcurrent flows or an electronic fuse that becomes non-conductive when an overcurrent is detected. 8. The memory system according to claim 1, wherein
the power supply circuit is configured to detect the capacitance of the at least one capacitor, the controller is further configured to: transmit a command that instructs detection of the capacitance of the at least one capacitor to the power supply circuit; receive a notification including a value of the detected capacitance of the at least one capacitor from the power supply circuit; and transmit a command for generating the charge voltage having a value corresponding to the detected capacitance of the at least one capacitor to the power supply circuit. 9. The memory system according to claim 8, further comprising:
a volatile memory, wherein the controller is further configured to:
store data of a write unit in the volatile memory, and
when supply of the external voltage is stopped before writing of the data of the write unit to the non-volatile memory is completed, complete the writing of the data of the write unit to the non-volatile memory using at least one of the plurality of power supply voltages generated by the power supply circuit. 10. The memory system according to claim 9, wherein when the supply of the external voltage is stopped, the energy charged in the at least one capacitor is discharged to the power supply circuit, and the power supply circuit generates the plurality of voltages using the discharged energy. 11. A method of operating a power supply circuit, comprising:
detecting a capacitance of at least one capacitor; generating, using an external voltage, a charge voltage according to the detected capacitance of the at least one capacitor; and charging the at least one capacitor with the charge voltage. 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein
the charge voltage is a voltage providing a charged energy amount in the at least one capacitor that matches a predetermined energy amount. 13. The method according to claim 12, wherein
when the detected capacitance of the at least one capacitor is a first capacitance, a first value is used as a value of the charge voltage, and when the detected capacitance of the at least one capacitor is a second capacitance smaller than the first capacitance, a second value larger than the first value is used as the value of the charge voltage. 14. The method according to claim 11, wherein
the at least one capacitor is one of a plurality of capacitors connected in parallel, and a combined capacitance of the plurality of capacitors is detected. 15. The method according to claim 11, further comprising:
receiving a command that instructs detection of the capacitance of the at least one capacitor from a controller, transmitting a notification including a value of the detected capacitance of the at least one capacitor to the controller, and receiving a command for generating the charge voltage having a value corresponding to the detected capacitance of the at least one capacitor from the controller. 16. The method according to claim 15, further comprising:
generating a plurality of voltages using energy discharged from the at least one capacitor. 17. A memory system, comprising:
a non-volatile memory; a controller configured to control writing of data to the non-volatile memory; a power supply circuit that is connected to the non-volatile memory and the controller, and configured to generate a plurality of power supply voltages using at least a voltage supplied from outside; and a plurality of capacitors configured to store energy that is charged by a charge voltage, which is one of the plurality of power supply voltages generated by the power supply circuit, the plurality of capacitors being connected in parallel and connected to the power supply circuit through a plurality of fuses, respectively, wherein a combined capacitance of the plurality of capacitors connected in parallel is detected, and a value of the charge voltage is set according to the detected capacitance of the plurality of capacitors connected in parallel. 18. The memory system according to claim 17, wherein the plurality of fuses are respectively connected in series between the plurality of capacitors and the power supply circuit. 19. The memory system according to claim 17, wherein each of the plurality of fuses is a metal fuse that is opened when an overcurrent flows. 20. The memory system according to claim 17, wherein each of the plurality of fuses is an electronic fuse that becomes non-conductive when an overcurrent is detected. | A memory system includes a non-volatile memory, a controller that controls writing of data to the non-volatile memory, a power supply circuit that is connected to the non-volatile memory and the controller and generates a plurality of power supply voltages using an external voltage, and at least one capacitor that stores energy that is charged by a charge voltage. The charge voltage is one of the plurality of power supply voltages generated by the power supply circuit. A capacitance of the at least one capacitor is detected and then a value of the charge voltage is set according to the detected capacitance of the at least one capacitor.1. A memory system, comprising:
a non-volatile memory; a controller configured to control writing of data to the non-volatile memory; a power supply circuit that is connected to the non-volatile memory and the controller and is configured to generate a plurality of power supply voltages using an external voltage; and at least one capacitor configured to store energy that is charged by a charge voltage, which is one of the plurality of power supply voltages generated by the power supply circuit, wherein a capacitance of the at least one capacitor is detected, and a value of the charge voltage is determined according to the detected capacitance of the at least one capacitor. 2. The memory system according to claim 1, wherein
the value of the charge voltage is set so that an energy amount charged in the at least one capacitor matches a predetermined energy amount. 3. The memory system according to claim 2, wherein
when the detected capacitance of the at least one capacitor is a first capacitance, a first value is used as the value of the charge voltage, and when the detected capacitance of the at least one capacitor is a second capacitance less than the first capacitance, a second value larger than the first value is used as the value of the charge voltage. 4. The memory system according to claim 1, wherein
the capacitance of the at least one capacitor is detected during power-on of the memory system or at a predetermined time during operation of the memory system. 5. The memory system according to claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of capacitors connected in parallel. 6. The memory system according to claim 1, wherein
the at least one capacitor is one of a plurality of capacitors connected in parallel, the plurality of capacitors are connected to the power supply circuit through a plurality of fuses, respectively, and a combined capacitance of the plurality of capacitors is detected. 7. The memory system according to claim 6, wherein
each of the plurality of fuses includes a metal fuse that is opened when an overcurrent flows or an electronic fuse that becomes non-conductive when an overcurrent is detected. 8. The memory system according to claim 1, wherein
the power supply circuit is configured to detect the capacitance of the at least one capacitor, the controller is further configured to: transmit a command that instructs detection of the capacitance of the at least one capacitor to the power supply circuit; receive a notification including a value of the detected capacitance of the at least one capacitor from the power supply circuit; and transmit a command for generating the charge voltage having a value corresponding to the detected capacitance of the at least one capacitor to the power supply circuit. 9. The memory system according to claim 8, further comprising:
a volatile memory, wherein the controller is further configured to:
store data of a write unit in the volatile memory, and
when supply of the external voltage is stopped before writing of the data of the write unit to the non-volatile memory is completed, complete the writing of the data of the write unit to the non-volatile memory using at least one of the plurality of power supply voltages generated by the power supply circuit. 10. The memory system according to claim 9, wherein when the supply of the external voltage is stopped, the energy charged in the at least one capacitor is discharged to the power supply circuit, and the power supply circuit generates the plurality of voltages using the discharged energy. 11. A method of operating a power supply circuit, comprising:
detecting a capacitance of at least one capacitor; generating, using an external voltage, a charge voltage according to the detected capacitance of the at least one capacitor; and charging the at least one capacitor with the charge voltage. 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein
the charge voltage is a voltage providing a charged energy amount in the at least one capacitor that matches a predetermined energy amount. 13. The method according to claim 12, wherein
when the detected capacitance of the at least one capacitor is a first capacitance, a first value is used as a value of the charge voltage, and when the detected capacitance of the at least one capacitor is a second capacitance smaller than the first capacitance, a second value larger than the first value is used as the value of the charge voltage. 14. The method according to claim 11, wherein
the at least one capacitor is one of a plurality of capacitors connected in parallel, and a combined capacitance of the plurality of capacitors is detected. 15. The method according to claim 11, further comprising:
receiving a command that instructs detection of the capacitance of the at least one capacitor from a controller, transmitting a notification including a value of the detected capacitance of the at least one capacitor to the controller, and receiving a command for generating the charge voltage having a value corresponding to the detected capacitance of the at least one capacitor from the controller. 16. The method according to claim 15, further comprising:
generating a plurality of voltages using energy discharged from the at least one capacitor. 17. A memory system, comprising:
a non-volatile memory; a controller configured to control writing of data to the non-volatile memory; a power supply circuit that is connected to the non-volatile memory and the controller, and configured to generate a plurality of power supply voltages using at least a voltage supplied from outside; and a plurality of capacitors configured to store energy that is charged by a charge voltage, which is one of the plurality of power supply voltages generated by the power supply circuit, the plurality of capacitors being connected in parallel and connected to the power supply circuit through a plurality of fuses, respectively, wherein a combined capacitance of the plurality of capacitors connected in parallel is detected, and a value of the charge voltage is set according to the detected capacitance of the plurality of capacitors connected in parallel. 18. The memory system according to claim 17, wherein the plurality of fuses are respectively connected in series between the plurality of capacitors and the power supply circuit. 19. The memory system according to claim 17, wherein each of the plurality of fuses is a metal fuse that is opened when an overcurrent flows. 20. The memory system according to claim 17, wherein each of the plurality of fuses is an electronic fuse that becomes non-conductive when an overcurrent is detected. | 2,800 |
342,122 | 16,802,493 | 2,839 | An audit management system that monitors auditor behavior and observations to detect outliers during the execution of an audit by deriving a pattern of behavior and observations from audit metadata and comparing the derived data to historical audit data. The system and methods improve the accuracy, validity and reliability of product and process audits. | 1. An audit management system comprising:
a first device comprising a processor and one or more sensors, the first device configured to monitor behavior or observation of an auditor through the one or more sensors in real-time during execution of an audit to generate audit metadata; a second device comprising a processor and a database, the second device operatively connected to the first device through a network interface; the second device configured to receive the audit metadata from the first device, the generated audit metadata including behavior or observations of the auditor during a period of time; the second device configured to:
perform a data analytics operation on the received audit metadata, the data analytics operation deriving patterns of behavior or observation during the audit; and
compare the patterns of audit behavior or observation to historical patterns of audit behavior or observation stored in the database, and
determine an outlier based on the comparison. 2. The audit system of claim 1, wherein the period of time is the execution of an audit. 3. The audit system of claim 1, wherein the second device is configured to perform the data analytics operation in real-time as the audit metadata is received. 4. The audit system of claim 3, wherein the second device is configured to transmit an alert when an outlier is determined. 5. The audit system of claim 3, wherein the alert is transmitted to a technical reviewer or an auditee. 6. The audit system of claim 1, wherein the sensor is selected from the group of consisting of: gyroscope, accelerometer, image sensor or camera, proximity sensor, and microphone sensor, or a combination thereof. 7. The audit system of claim 1, wherein the audit metadata includes electronic location information, timestamp information, specific gesture information, or duration information. 8. The audit system of claim 1, wherein the outlier is an indication of fraud or other malfeasance. 9. The audit system of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first or second device is a mobile device. 10. The audit system of claim 1, wherein the processor associated with the second device is configured to receive the pattern of behavior or observation completed by a particular auditor further generates a distance or path traveled by the auditor as the locations of the particular auditor are received by the first device. 11. The audit system of claim 10, wherein the specified patterns of fraudulent audit execution indicate that the net distance traveled is less than a threshold distance stored in the historical pattern of behavior or observation. 12. The audit system of claim 1, wherein the second device is configured to receive the audit metadata, and further wherein the second device derives a trust rating associated with a particular auditor based on the comparison of the audit metadata to the historical pattern of behavior or observation of the audit metadata. 13. A method of identifying an auditor based on electronic location information and qualifications or rating information comprising:
registering, by one or more processors, an auditee with an audit management system including a networked based system or device; registering, by one or more processors, a plurality of auditors with the audit management system; responsive to registering the auditee, determining a location and market segment of the auditee based on electronic location information and identity of the auditee; responsive to registering each of the plurality of auditors, determine respective locations, qualifications, and rating of each of the plurality of auditors; receiving, over the network, a request for an audit from the auditee; responsive to receiving the audit request, automatically identifying, by the one or more processors, one or more auditors for conducting at least a portion of an audit; transmitting, via the network, the audit request to the one or more identified auditors for fulfilment of the audit request; and delivery of an audit report to the auditee. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the one or more auditors includes technical reviewer. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the market segment is the food industry. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein the one or more identified auditors bid on the audit request. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein the technical reviewer is blind to at least one of the identity of the first auditor and auditee. 18. A non-transitory computer readable medium residing on a computer readable storage device for processing audit metadata, the computer readable storage medium comprising instructions which, when executed by a processor coupled to the computer readable storage device, cause the processor to:
process, on a plurality of parallel audit processors that are instantiated on the processor, a plurality electronic metadata including behavior and observations generated by one or more auditors, wherein each electronic metadata in the plurality of electronic metadata has one of a plurality of unique identifiers that identifies the metadata as pertaining to a specific auditor, auditee, or audit site and route received electronic metadata to one or more parallel audit processors wherein instructions which when executed by the processor cause the one or more audit processors to compare, using the one audit processor the received electronic metadata to historical electronic metadata stored in a database to determine if an outlier exists; and execute, using the audit processor, an alert or notification when an outlier occurs for the received electronic metadata. 19. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 18, wherein the instructions which cause the processor to process the plurality of electronic metadata comprise instructions which cause the process to obtain, from the database, previous electronic metadata associated with the same auditor, auditee or audit site based on the unique identifier. 20. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 18, wherein the database includes storage for audit standards. 21. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 20, wherein the instructions which cause the processor to process the plurality of electronic metadata comprise instructions which cause the process to obtain, from the database, one or more audit standards and further comprise instructions which cause the processor to determine whether at least a portion of the electronic metadata is compliant with the one or more audit standards. 22. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 21, wherein the electronic metadata includes observations logged by the auditor during an audit of a site. 23. An audit device comprising:
a processor and a database, the device operatively connected to a first auditor device through a network interface and configured to receive audit metadata from at least the first auditor device, wherein the audit metadata includes behavior or observations of the auditor during a period of time; and a data analytics module configured to receive the audit metadata and patterns of behavior or observations during the period of time; an compare the patterns of behavior or observations to historical patterns of behavior or observation stored in a database to determine an outlier based on the comparison. 24. The audit device of claim 23, wherein the period of time is the time to complete an an audit of a site. 25. The audit device of claim 23, wherein the data analytics module is configured to perform the data analytics operations in real-time as the audit metadata is received from one or more audit devices. 26. The audit device of claim 25, wherein the device is configured to transmit an alert notification when an outlier is determined. 27. The audit device of claim 25, wherein the alert notification is transmitted to a technical reviewer or an auditee. 28. The audit device of claim 23, wherein the sensor is selected from the group consisting of:
gyroscope, accelerometer, image sensor or camera, proximity sensor, and microphone sensor, or a combination thereof. 29. The audit device of claim 23, wherein the audit metadata includes electronic location information, timestamp information, specific gesture information, or duration information. 30. The audit device of claim 23, wherein the outlier is an indication of fraud or other malfeasance occurring during the audit. 31. The audit device of claim 23, wherein the processor is configured to receive the pattern of behavior or observation completed by a particular auditor and further generate a distance or path traveled by the auditor as the locations of the particular auditor are received by the device. 32. The audit device of claim 31, wherein specified patterns of fraudulent audit execution indicate that the net distance traveled is less than a threshold distance stored in the historical pattern of behavior or observation. 33. The audit device of claim 23, wherein the device is configured to receive the audit metadata, and further wherein the device derives a trust rating associated with a particular auditor based on the comparison of the audit metadata to the historical pattern of behavior or observation of the audit metadata. | An audit management system that monitors auditor behavior and observations to detect outliers during the execution of an audit by deriving a pattern of behavior and observations from audit metadata and comparing the derived data to historical audit data. The system and methods improve the accuracy, validity and reliability of product and process audits.1. An audit management system comprising:
a first device comprising a processor and one or more sensors, the first device configured to monitor behavior or observation of an auditor through the one or more sensors in real-time during execution of an audit to generate audit metadata; a second device comprising a processor and a database, the second device operatively connected to the first device through a network interface; the second device configured to receive the audit metadata from the first device, the generated audit metadata including behavior or observations of the auditor during a period of time; the second device configured to:
perform a data analytics operation on the received audit metadata, the data analytics operation deriving patterns of behavior or observation during the audit; and
compare the patterns of audit behavior or observation to historical patterns of audit behavior or observation stored in the database, and
determine an outlier based on the comparison. 2. The audit system of claim 1, wherein the period of time is the execution of an audit. 3. The audit system of claim 1, wherein the second device is configured to perform the data analytics operation in real-time as the audit metadata is received. 4. The audit system of claim 3, wherein the second device is configured to transmit an alert when an outlier is determined. 5. The audit system of claim 3, wherein the alert is transmitted to a technical reviewer or an auditee. 6. The audit system of claim 1, wherein the sensor is selected from the group of consisting of: gyroscope, accelerometer, image sensor or camera, proximity sensor, and microphone sensor, or a combination thereof. 7. The audit system of claim 1, wherein the audit metadata includes electronic location information, timestamp information, specific gesture information, or duration information. 8. The audit system of claim 1, wherein the outlier is an indication of fraud or other malfeasance. 9. The audit system of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first or second device is a mobile device. 10. The audit system of claim 1, wherein the processor associated with the second device is configured to receive the pattern of behavior or observation completed by a particular auditor further generates a distance or path traveled by the auditor as the locations of the particular auditor are received by the first device. 11. The audit system of claim 10, wherein the specified patterns of fraudulent audit execution indicate that the net distance traveled is less than a threshold distance stored in the historical pattern of behavior or observation. 12. The audit system of claim 1, wherein the second device is configured to receive the audit metadata, and further wherein the second device derives a trust rating associated with a particular auditor based on the comparison of the audit metadata to the historical pattern of behavior or observation of the audit metadata. 13. A method of identifying an auditor based on electronic location information and qualifications or rating information comprising:
registering, by one or more processors, an auditee with an audit management system including a networked based system or device; registering, by one or more processors, a plurality of auditors with the audit management system; responsive to registering the auditee, determining a location and market segment of the auditee based on electronic location information and identity of the auditee; responsive to registering each of the plurality of auditors, determine respective locations, qualifications, and rating of each of the plurality of auditors; receiving, over the network, a request for an audit from the auditee; responsive to receiving the audit request, automatically identifying, by the one or more processors, one or more auditors for conducting at least a portion of an audit; transmitting, via the network, the audit request to the one or more identified auditors for fulfilment of the audit request; and delivery of an audit report to the auditee. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the one or more auditors includes technical reviewer. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the market segment is the food industry. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein the one or more identified auditors bid on the audit request. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein the technical reviewer is blind to at least one of the identity of the first auditor and auditee. 18. A non-transitory computer readable medium residing on a computer readable storage device for processing audit metadata, the computer readable storage medium comprising instructions which, when executed by a processor coupled to the computer readable storage device, cause the processor to:
process, on a plurality of parallel audit processors that are instantiated on the processor, a plurality electronic metadata including behavior and observations generated by one or more auditors, wherein each electronic metadata in the plurality of electronic metadata has one of a plurality of unique identifiers that identifies the metadata as pertaining to a specific auditor, auditee, or audit site and route received electronic metadata to one or more parallel audit processors wherein instructions which when executed by the processor cause the one or more audit processors to compare, using the one audit processor the received electronic metadata to historical electronic metadata stored in a database to determine if an outlier exists; and execute, using the audit processor, an alert or notification when an outlier occurs for the received electronic metadata. 19. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 18, wherein the instructions which cause the processor to process the plurality of electronic metadata comprise instructions which cause the process to obtain, from the database, previous electronic metadata associated with the same auditor, auditee or audit site based on the unique identifier. 20. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 18, wherein the database includes storage for audit standards. 21. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 20, wherein the instructions which cause the processor to process the plurality of electronic metadata comprise instructions which cause the process to obtain, from the database, one or more audit standards and further comprise instructions which cause the processor to determine whether at least a portion of the electronic metadata is compliant with the one or more audit standards. 22. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 21, wherein the electronic metadata includes observations logged by the auditor during an audit of a site. 23. An audit device comprising:
a processor and a database, the device operatively connected to a first auditor device through a network interface and configured to receive audit metadata from at least the first auditor device, wherein the audit metadata includes behavior or observations of the auditor during a period of time; and a data analytics module configured to receive the audit metadata and patterns of behavior or observations during the period of time; an compare the patterns of behavior or observations to historical patterns of behavior or observation stored in a database to determine an outlier based on the comparison. 24. The audit device of claim 23, wherein the period of time is the time to complete an an audit of a site. 25. The audit device of claim 23, wherein the data analytics module is configured to perform the data analytics operations in real-time as the audit metadata is received from one or more audit devices. 26. The audit device of claim 25, wherein the device is configured to transmit an alert notification when an outlier is determined. 27. The audit device of claim 25, wherein the alert notification is transmitted to a technical reviewer or an auditee. 28. The audit device of claim 23, wherein the sensor is selected from the group consisting of:
gyroscope, accelerometer, image sensor or camera, proximity sensor, and microphone sensor, or a combination thereof. 29. The audit device of claim 23, wherein the audit metadata includes electronic location information, timestamp information, specific gesture information, or duration information. 30. The audit device of claim 23, wherein the outlier is an indication of fraud or other malfeasance occurring during the audit. 31. The audit device of claim 23, wherein the processor is configured to receive the pattern of behavior or observation completed by a particular auditor and further generate a distance or path traveled by the auditor as the locations of the particular auditor are received by the device. 32. The audit device of claim 31, wherein specified patterns of fraudulent audit execution indicate that the net distance traveled is less than a threshold distance stored in the historical pattern of behavior or observation. 33. The audit device of claim 23, wherein the device is configured to receive the audit metadata, and further wherein the device derives a trust rating associated with a particular auditor based on the comparison of the audit metadata to the historical pattern of behavior or observation of the audit metadata. | 2,800 |
342,123 | 16,802,480 | 2,839 | An audit management system that monitors auditor behavior and observations to detect outliers during the execution of an audit by deriving a pattern of behavior and observations from audit metadata and comparing the derived data to historical audit data. The system and methods improve the accuracy, validity and reliability of product and process audits. | 1. An audit management system comprising:
a first device comprising a processor and one or more sensors, the first device configured to monitor behavior or observation of an auditor through the one or more sensors in real-time during execution of an audit to generate audit metadata; a second device comprising a processor and a database, the second device operatively connected to the first device through a network interface; the second device configured to receive the audit metadata from the first device, the generated audit metadata including behavior or observations of the auditor during a period of time; the second device configured to:
perform a data analytics operation on the received audit metadata, the data analytics operation deriving patterns of behavior or observation during the audit; and
compare the patterns of audit behavior or observation to historical patterns of audit behavior or observation stored in the database, and
determine an outlier based on the comparison. 2. The audit system of claim 1, wherein the period of time is the execution of an audit. 3. The audit system of claim 1, wherein the second device is configured to perform the data analytics operation in real-time as the audit metadata is received. 4. The audit system of claim 3, wherein the second device is configured to transmit an alert when an outlier is determined. 5. The audit system of claim 3, wherein the alert is transmitted to a technical reviewer or an auditee. 6. The audit system of claim 1, wherein the sensor is selected from the group of consisting of: gyroscope, accelerometer, image sensor or camera, proximity sensor, and microphone sensor, or a combination thereof. 7. The audit system of claim 1, wherein the audit metadata includes electronic location information, timestamp information, specific gesture information, or duration information. 8. The audit system of claim 1, wherein the outlier is an indication of fraud or other malfeasance. 9. The audit system of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first or second device is a mobile device. 10. The audit system of claim 1, wherein the processor associated with the second device is configured to receive the pattern of behavior or observation completed by a particular auditor further generates a distance or path traveled by the auditor as the locations of the particular auditor are received by the first device. 11. The audit system of claim 10, wherein the specified patterns of fraudulent audit execution indicate that the net distance traveled is less than a threshold distance stored in the historical pattern of behavior or observation. 12. The audit system of claim 1, wherein the second device is configured to receive the audit metadata, and further wherein the second device derives a trust rating associated with a particular auditor based on the comparison of the audit metadata to the historical pattern of behavior or observation of the audit metadata. 13. A method of identifying an auditor based on electronic location information and qualifications or rating information comprising:
registering, by one or more processors, an auditee with an audit management system including a networked based system or device; registering, by one or more processors, a plurality of auditors with the audit management system; responsive to registering the auditee, determining a location and market segment of the auditee based on electronic location information and identity of the auditee; responsive to registering each of the plurality of auditors, determine respective locations, qualifications, and rating of each of the plurality of auditors; receiving, over the network, a request for an audit from the auditee; responsive to receiving the audit request, automatically identifying, by the one or more processors, one or more auditors for conducting at least a portion of an audit; transmitting, via the network, the audit request to the one or more identified auditors for fulfilment of the audit request; and delivery of an audit report to the auditee. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the one or more auditors includes technical reviewer. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the market segment is the food industry. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein the one or more identified auditors bid on the audit request. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein the technical reviewer is blind to at least one of the identity of the first auditor and auditee. 18. A non-transitory computer readable medium residing on a computer readable storage device for processing audit metadata, the computer readable storage medium comprising instructions which, when executed by a processor coupled to the computer readable storage device, cause the processor to:
process, on a plurality of parallel audit processors that are instantiated on the processor, a plurality electronic metadata including behavior and observations generated by one or more auditors, wherein each electronic metadata in the plurality of electronic metadata has one of a plurality of unique identifiers that identifies the metadata as pertaining to a specific auditor, auditee, or audit site and route received electronic metadata to one or more parallel audit processors wherein instructions which when executed by the processor cause the one or more audit processors to compare, using the one audit processor the received electronic metadata to historical electronic metadata stored in a database to determine if an outlier exists; and execute, using the audit processor, an alert or notification when an outlier occurs for the received electronic metadata. 19. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 18, wherein the instructions which cause the processor to process the plurality of electronic metadata comprise instructions which cause the process to obtain, from the database, previous electronic metadata associated with the same auditor, auditee or audit site based on the unique identifier. 20. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 18, wherein the database includes storage for audit standards. 21. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 20, wherein the instructions which cause the processor to process the plurality of electronic metadata comprise instructions which cause the process to obtain, from the database, one or more audit standards and further comprise instructions which cause the processor to determine whether at least a portion of the electronic metadata is compliant with the one or more audit standards. 22. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 21, wherein the electronic metadata includes observations logged by the auditor during an audit of a site. 23. An audit device comprising:
a processor and a database, the device operatively connected to a first auditor device through a network interface and configured to receive audit metadata from at least the first auditor device, wherein the audit metadata includes behavior or observations of the auditor during a period of time; and a data analytics module configured to receive the audit metadata and patterns of behavior or observations during the period of time; an compare the patterns of behavior or observations to historical patterns of behavior or observation stored in a database to determine an outlier based on the comparison. 24. The audit device of claim 23, wherein the period of time is the time to complete an an audit of a site. 25. The audit device of claim 23, wherein the data analytics module is configured to perform the data analytics operations in real-time as the audit metadata is received from one or more audit devices. 26. The audit device of claim 25, wherein the device is configured to transmit an alert notification when an outlier is determined. 27. The audit device of claim 25, wherein the alert notification is transmitted to a technical reviewer or an auditee. 28. The audit device of claim 23, wherein the sensor is selected from the group consisting of:
gyroscope, accelerometer, image sensor or camera, proximity sensor, and microphone sensor, or a combination thereof. 29. The audit device of claim 23, wherein the audit metadata includes electronic location information, timestamp information, specific gesture information, or duration information. 30. The audit device of claim 23, wherein the outlier is an indication of fraud or other malfeasance occurring during the audit. 31. The audit device of claim 23, wherein the processor is configured to receive the pattern of behavior or observation completed by a particular auditor and further generate a distance or path traveled by the auditor as the locations of the particular auditor are received by the device. 32. The audit device of claim 31, wherein specified patterns of fraudulent audit execution indicate that the net distance traveled is less than a threshold distance stored in the historical pattern of behavior or observation. 33. The audit device of claim 23, wherein the device is configured to receive the audit metadata, and further wherein the device derives a trust rating associated with a particular auditor based on the comparison of the audit metadata to the historical pattern of behavior or observation of the audit metadata. | An audit management system that monitors auditor behavior and observations to detect outliers during the execution of an audit by deriving a pattern of behavior and observations from audit metadata and comparing the derived data to historical audit data. The system and methods improve the accuracy, validity and reliability of product and process audits.1. An audit management system comprising:
a first device comprising a processor and one or more sensors, the first device configured to monitor behavior or observation of an auditor through the one or more sensors in real-time during execution of an audit to generate audit metadata; a second device comprising a processor and a database, the second device operatively connected to the first device through a network interface; the second device configured to receive the audit metadata from the first device, the generated audit metadata including behavior or observations of the auditor during a period of time; the second device configured to:
perform a data analytics operation on the received audit metadata, the data analytics operation deriving patterns of behavior or observation during the audit; and
compare the patterns of audit behavior or observation to historical patterns of audit behavior or observation stored in the database, and
determine an outlier based on the comparison. 2. The audit system of claim 1, wherein the period of time is the execution of an audit. 3. The audit system of claim 1, wherein the second device is configured to perform the data analytics operation in real-time as the audit metadata is received. 4. The audit system of claim 3, wherein the second device is configured to transmit an alert when an outlier is determined. 5. The audit system of claim 3, wherein the alert is transmitted to a technical reviewer or an auditee. 6. The audit system of claim 1, wherein the sensor is selected from the group of consisting of: gyroscope, accelerometer, image sensor or camera, proximity sensor, and microphone sensor, or a combination thereof. 7. The audit system of claim 1, wherein the audit metadata includes electronic location information, timestamp information, specific gesture information, or duration information. 8. The audit system of claim 1, wherein the outlier is an indication of fraud or other malfeasance. 9. The audit system of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first or second device is a mobile device. 10. The audit system of claim 1, wherein the processor associated with the second device is configured to receive the pattern of behavior or observation completed by a particular auditor further generates a distance or path traveled by the auditor as the locations of the particular auditor are received by the first device. 11. The audit system of claim 10, wherein the specified patterns of fraudulent audit execution indicate that the net distance traveled is less than a threshold distance stored in the historical pattern of behavior or observation. 12. The audit system of claim 1, wherein the second device is configured to receive the audit metadata, and further wherein the second device derives a trust rating associated with a particular auditor based on the comparison of the audit metadata to the historical pattern of behavior or observation of the audit metadata. 13. A method of identifying an auditor based on electronic location information and qualifications or rating information comprising:
registering, by one or more processors, an auditee with an audit management system including a networked based system or device; registering, by one or more processors, a plurality of auditors with the audit management system; responsive to registering the auditee, determining a location and market segment of the auditee based on electronic location information and identity of the auditee; responsive to registering each of the plurality of auditors, determine respective locations, qualifications, and rating of each of the plurality of auditors; receiving, over the network, a request for an audit from the auditee; responsive to receiving the audit request, automatically identifying, by the one or more processors, one or more auditors for conducting at least a portion of an audit; transmitting, via the network, the audit request to the one or more identified auditors for fulfilment of the audit request; and delivery of an audit report to the auditee. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the one or more auditors includes technical reviewer. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the market segment is the food industry. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein the one or more identified auditors bid on the audit request. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein the technical reviewer is blind to at least one of the identity of the first auditor and auditee. 18. A non-transitory computer readable medium residing on a computer readable storage device for processing audit metadata, the computer readable storage medium comprising instructions which, when executed by a processor coupled to the computer readable storage device, cause the processor to:
process, on a plurality of parallel audit processors that are instantiated on the processor, a plurality electronic metadata including behavior and observations generated by one or more auditors, wherein each electronic metadata in the plurality of electronic metadata has one of a plurality of unique identifiers that identifies the metadata as pertaining to a specific auditor, auditee, or audit site and route received electronic metadata to one or more parallel audit processors wherein instructions which when executed by the processor cause the one or more audit processors to compare, using the one audit processor the received electronic metadata to historical electronic metadata stored in a database to determine if an outlier exists; and execute, using the audit processor, an alert or notification when an outlier occurs for the received electronic metadata. 19. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 18, wherein the instructions which cause the processor to process the plurality of electronic metadata comprise instructions which cause the process to obtain, from the database, previous electronic metadata associated with the same auditor, auditee or audit site based on the unique identifier. 20. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 18, wherein the database includes storage for audit standards. 21. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 20, wherein the instructions which cause the processor to process the plurality of electronic metadata comprise instructions which cause the process to obtain, from the database, one or more audit standards and further comprise instructions which cause the processor to determine whether at least a portion of the electronic metadata is compliant with the one or more audit standards. 22. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 21, wherein the electronic metadata includes observations logged by the auditor during an audit of a site. 23. An audit device comprising:
a processor and a database, the device operatively connected to a first auditor device through a network interface and configured to receive audit metadata from at least the first auditor device, wherein the audit metadata includes behavior or observations of the auditor during a period of time; and a data analytics module configured to receive the audit metadata and patterns of behavior or observations during the period of time; an compare the patterns of behavior or observations to historical patterns of behavior or observation stored in a database to determine an outlier based on the comparison. 24. The audit device of claim 23, wherein the period of time is the time to complete an an audit of a site. 25. The audit device of claim 23, wherein the data analytics module is configured to perform the data analytics operations in real-time as the audit metadata is received from one or more audit devices. 26. The audit device of claim 25, wherein the device is configured to transmit an alert notification when an outlier is determined. 27. The audit device of claim 25, wherein the alert notification is transmitted to a technical reviewer or an auditee. 28. The audit device of claim 23, wherein the sensor is selected from the group consisting of:
gyroscope, accelerometer, image sensor or camera, proximity sensor, and microphone sensor, or a combination thereof. 29. The audit device of claim 23, wherein the audit metadata includes electronic location information, timestamp information, specific gesture information, or duration information. 30. The audit device of claim 23, wherein the outlier is an indication of fraud or other malfeasance occurring during the audit. 31. The audit device of claim 23, wherein the processor is configured to receive the pattern of behavior or observation completed by a particular auditor and further generate a distance or path traveled by the auditor as the locations of the particular auditor are received by the device. 32. The audit device of claim 31, wherein specified patterns of fraudulent audit execution indicate that the net distance traveled is less than a threshold distance stored in the historical pattern of behavior or observation. 33. The audit device of claim 23, wherein the device is configured to receive the audit metadata, and further wherein the device derives a trust rating associated with a particular auditor based on the comparison of the audit metadata to the historical pattern of behavior or observation of the audit metadata. | 2,800 |
342,124 | 16,802,464 | 2,839 | Novel tools and techniques in a telecommunication network are provided for implementing a data link layer control plane that may comply with the Ethernet standard and with sub-millisecond transmission control capabilities across multiple dis-similar technologies and bandwidth links. The framework provides a dynamic modular traffic control function insertion, removal, mapping function by having interpreter functions in the protocol agents that can map states and commands to sub-service chain functions that are configured per path and quality of service (QoS) flows. The control protocol provides high levels of resiliency and reliability by having a replicating function that transmits the same control protocol frames across multiple links simultaneously. The agents are multi-chassis capable and support hitless service impacts for administrative changes. Control plane messages may be encoded as a data plane frame and be transmitted at a high rate using the data plane. | 1. A method for operating a telecommunication network, the method comprising:
receiving, at a management system of the telecommunication network, a first setting of network flow classifications, a second setting of traffic control function options, and a third setting of path channel and Quality of Service (QoS) treatment options, the telecommunication network comprising a plurality of channels, wherein (i) the first setting specifies rules to select one or more of the following: a port, a virtual local area network, a port control protocol, or a differentiated services code point, (ii) the second setting specifies rules to select one or more of the following: a type of automatic repeat request to be used, multiplexing protocol to be used, or throttling protocol to be used, and (iii) the third setting specifies rules to determine one or more of the following: a selection of one or more channels, or a selection between data plane and control plane; propagating the first, second, and third settings to a plurality of network nodes of the telecommunication network through one or more operations, administration or management (OAM) messages; receiving, at a first network node of the plurality of network nodes, a frame and mapping information associated with the frame; and determining, based on the mapping information and the first, second, and third settings, to use one or more channels to transmit the frame and use one or more traffic control functions in association with transmitting the frame. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the OAM messages is sent to the plurality of network nodes through a data plane frame. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the data plane frame is marked with a header signifying that the data plane frame carries the at least one of the OAM messages. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving information of states of ports of the first network node corresponding to the plurality of channels; and wherein determining the one or more channels to transmit the frame is further based on the states of the ports. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the states include port initiation, port down, port active, and port with low bandwidth. 6. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
notifying an operator of one of the channels regarding the state of the port associated with the one of the channels. 7. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
throttling, based on the state of one of the ports associated with one of the channels. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the channels is operated by a third party of the operator of the telecommunication network. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining whether the frame is to be transmitted via a data plane or a control plane. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the frame is transmitted via a plurality of the channels by replicating the frame. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the frame is a first frame and the traffic control function is a first traffic control function, and the method further comprises:
receiving a second frame and second mapping information associated with the second frame; and determining, based on the second associated mapping information and the first, second, and third settings, to use a second traffic control function in association with transmitting the second frame, the second traffic control function different from the first traffic control function. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein a configuration of channel and QoS flow is represented to a user of the telecommunication network as a mapping of the first, second, and third settings. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the mapping of the first, second, and third settings is represented at a graphical user interface which allows the user to adjust one or more of the settings. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the graphical user interface presents a system view of the telecommunication network and is capable of presenting fault and performance threshold alarms to alert conditions of the telecommunication network. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein at least a network node in the telecommunication network is associated with multiple chassis. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein at least two network nodes in the telecommunication network is associated with a transmission point. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein one of the at least two network nodes is a master network node and another network node is a protection network node. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of channels includes two or more of the following: free space optical communication, radio frequency, E band, microwave, mobile wireless, fixed wireless, or an Ethernet based transport facility. 19. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of network nodes belong to be part of a topology of the telecommunication network, the topology is selected from one of the following: point-to-point, star, mesh, chain, bus, or ring, or a combination of two or more topologies. 20. A telecommunication network comprising:
a management system configured to receive a first setting of network user flow classifications, a second setting of traffic control function options, and a third setting of path channel and Quality of Service (QoS) treatment options, the telecommunication network comprising a plurality of channels, wherein (i) the first setting specifies rules to select one more of the following: a port, a virtual local area network, a port control protocol, or a differentiated services code point, (ii) the second setting specifies rules to select one or more of the following: a type of automatic repeat request to be used, multiplexing protocol to be used, or throttling protocol to be used, and (iii) the third setting specifies rules to determine one or more of the following: a selection of one or more channels, or a selection between data plane and control plane; a plurality of network nodes coupled to the management system and communicating with each other via a plurality of channels, the plurality of network nodes configured to at least:
receive the first, second, and third settings through one or more operations, administration or management (OAM) messages,
receive, at a first network node of the plurality of network nodes, a frame and mapping information associated with the frame; and
determine, based on the mapping information and the first, second, and third settings, to use one or more channels to transmit the frame and use a traffic control function in association with transmitting the frame. | Novel tools and techniques in a telecommunication network are provided for implementing a data link layer control plane that may comply with the Ethernet standard and with sub-millisecond transmission control capabilities across multiple dis-similar technologies and bandwidth links. The framework provides a dynamic modular traffic control function insertion, removal, mapping function by having interpreter functions in the protocol agents that can map states and commands to sub-service chain functions that are configured per path and quality of service (QoS) flows. The control protocol provides high levels of resiliency and reliability by having a replicating function that transmits the same control protocol frames across multiple links simultaneously. The agents are multi-chassis capable and support hitless service impacts for administrative changes. Control plane messages may be encoded as a data plane frame and be transmitted at a high rate using the data plane.1. A method for operating a telecommunication network, the method comprising:
receiving, at a management system of the telecommunication network, a first setting of network flow classifications, a second setting of traffic control function options, and a third setting of path channel and Quality of Service (QoS) treatment options, the telecommunication network comprising a plurality of channels, wherein (i) the first setting specifies rules to select one or more of the following: a port, a virtual local area network, a port control protocol, or a differentiated services code point, (ii) the second setting specifies rules to select one or more of the following: a type of automatic repeat request to be used, multiplexing protocol to be used, or throttling protocol to be used, and (iii) the third setting specifies rules to determine one or more of the following: a selection of one or more channels, or a selection between data plane and control plane; propagating the first, second, and third settings to a plurality of network nodes of the telecommunication network through one or more operations, administration or management (OAM) messages; receiving, at a first network node of the plurality of network nodes, a frame and mapping information associated with the frame; and determining, based on the mapping information and the first, second, and third settings, to use one or more channels to transmit the frame and use one or more traffic control functions in association with transmitting the frame. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the OAM messages is sent to the plurality of network nodes through a data plane frame. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the data plane frame is marked with a header signifying that the data plane frame carries the at least one of the OAM messages. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving information of states of ports of the first network node corresponding to the plurality of channels; and wherein determining the one or more channels to transmit the frame is further based on the states of the ports. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the states include port initiation, port down, port active, and port with low bandwidth. 6. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
notifying an operator of one of the channels regarding the state of the port associated with the one of the channels. 7. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
throttling, based on the state of one of the ports associated with one of the channels. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the channels is operated by a third party of the operator of the telecommunication network. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining whether the frame is to be transmitted via a data plane or a control plane. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the frame is transmitted via a plurality of the channels by replicating the frame. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the frame is a first frame and the traffic control function is a first traffic control function, and the method further comprises:
receiving a second frame and second mapping information associated with the second frame; and determining, based on the second associated mapping information and the first, second, and third settings, to use a second traffic control function in association with transmitting the second frame, the second traffic control function different from the first traffic control function. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein a configuration of channel and QoS flow is represented to a user of the telecommunication network as a mapping of the first, second, and third settings. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the mapping of the first, second, and third settings is represented at a graphical user interface which allows the user to adjust one or more of the settings. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the graphical user interface presents a system view of the telecommunication network and is capable of presenting fault and performance threshold alarms to alert conditions of the telecommunication network. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein at least a network node in the telecommunication network is associated with multiple chassis. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein at least two network nodes in the telecommunication network is associated with a transmission point. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein one of the at least two network nodes is a master network node and another network node is a protection network node. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of channels includes two or more of the following: free space optical communication, radio frequency, E band, microwave, mobile wireless, fixed wireless, or an Ethernet based transport facility. 19. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of network nodes belong to be part of a topology of the telecommunication network, the topology is selected from one of the following: point-to-point, star, mesh, chain, bus, or ring, or a combination of two or more topologies. 20. A telecommunication network comprising:
a management system configured to receive a first setting of network user flow classifications, a second setting of traffic control function options, and a third setting of path channel and Quality of Service (QoS) treatment options, the telecommunication network comprising a plurality of channels, wherein (i) the first setting specifies rules to select one more of the following: a port, a virtual local area network, a port control protocol, or a differentiated services code point, (ii) the second setting specifies rules to select one or more of the following: a type of automatic repeat request to be used, multiplexing protocol to be used, or throttling protocol to be used, and (iii) the third setting specifies rules to determine one or more of the following: a selection of one or more channels, or a selection between data plane and control plane; a plurality of network nodes coupled to the management system and communicating with each other via a plurality of channels, the plurality of network nodes configured to at least:
receive the first, second, and third settings through one or more operations, administration or management (OAM) messages,
receive, at a first network node of the plurality of network nodes, a frame and mapping information associated with the frame; and
determine, based on the mapping information and the first, second, and third settings, to use one or more channels to transmit the frame and use a traffic control function in association with transmitting the frame. | 2,800 |
342,125 | 16,802,514 | 2,839 | The connector device includes a metal internal member 42, a metal light guide rod 12 and metal fixing bases 36A and 36B, which are connected to the internal member 42, a resin sheathing member 20 that accommodates the internal member 42 and includes leading-out holes 26C, 38A, and 38B, which lead the light guide rod 12 and the fixing base 36A, 36B to the outside, and fluoro rubber O-rings 30, 40A, and 40B, which are provided on the light guide rod 12 and the fixing bases 36A and 36B, the O-rings 30, 40A, and 40B being respectively placed in gaps between the light guide rod 12 and the fixing bases 36A and 36B and the leading-out holes 26C, 38A, and 38B and sealing the inside of the sheathing member 20. | 1. An endoscope connector device comprising:
a metal internal member; a metal extension member that is connected to the internal member; a resin sheathing member that accommodates the internal member and comprises a leading-out hole which leads the extension member to the outside; and an elastic sealing member that is provided on the extension member, and placed in a gap between the extension member and the leading-out hole to seal the inside of the sheathing member. 2. The endoscope connector device according to claim 1,
wherein the internal member is disposed to be spaced apart from an inner surface of the sheathing member by being held by the sheathing member via only the sealing member. 3. The endoscope connector device according to claim 1,
wherein the sealing member is an O-ring fitted to an outer peripheral surface of the extension member. 4. The endoscope connector device according to claim 1,
wherein the internal member has a case member accommodating a substrate or a shield case in which the substrate is disposed, and the endoscope connector device further comprises a light guide rod and a first fixing base for a universal cable connected to an endoscope as the extension member. 5. The endoscope connector device according to claim 4, further comprising:
a second fixing base for a video cable connected to an electrical connector as the extension member. 6. The endoscope connector device according to claim 5,
wherein the light guide rod is connected to one end of the case member, and the first fixing base and the second fixing base are connected to the other end of the case member. 7. The endoscope connector device according to claim 5,
wherein the sheathing member comprises
a plug that holds the light guide rod, and
a connector sheathing case that is connected to the plug and accommodates the case member, and
the sealing member comprises
a first sealing member that causes the plug to hold the light guide rod,
a second sealing member that causes the connector sheathing case to hold the first fixing base, and
a third sealing member that causes the connector sheathing case to hold the second fixing base. 8. The endoscope connector device according to claim 7,
wherein the connector sheathing case is formed in a cylindrical shape, the case member is formed in a rectangular parallelepiped shape, and the case member is accommodated in the connector sheathing case in a posture where a long side of the case member follows an axis of the cylindrical connector sheathing case. 9. The endoscope connector device according to claim 5,
wherein the case member comprises a fixing board that fixes the first fixing base and the second fixing base, the fixing board comprises a first attaching hole to which the first fixing base is attached and a second attaching hole to which the second fixing base is attached, and in one fixing base of the first fixing base or the second fixing base and one attaching hole of the first attaching hole or the second attaching hole, to which the one fixing base is attached,
an outer surface of the one fixing base has two straight line portions provided to face each other,
an inner surface of the one attaching hole has two straight line portions provided to face each other so as to receive the two straight line portions of the one fixing base, and
the straight line portions of the one attaching hole are longer than the straight line portions of the one fixing base. 10. The endoscope connector device according to claim 9,
wherein the outer surface of the one fixing base has two arc portions provided to face each other so as to connect the two straight line portions of the one fixing base, and the inner surface of the one attaching hole has two arc portions provided to face each other so as to receive the two arc portions of the one fixing base. 11. The endoscope connector device according to claim 9,
wherein the one fixing base is the second fixing base. | The connector device includes a metal internal member 42, a metal light guide rod 12 and metal fixing bases 36A and 36B, which are connected to the internal member 42, a resin sheathing member 20 that accommodates the internal member 42 and includes leading-out holes 26C, 38A, and 38B, which lead the light guide rod 12 and the fixing base 36A, 36B to the outside, and fluoro rubber O-rings 30, 40A, and 40B, which are provided on the light guide rod 12 and the fixing bases 36A and 36B, the O-rings 30, 40A, and 40B being respectively placed in gaps between the light guide rod 12 and the fixing bases 36A and 36B and the leading-out holes 26C, 38A, and 38B and sealing the inside of the sheathing member 20.1. An endoscope connector device comprising:
a metal internal member; a metal extension member that is connected to the internal member; a resin sheathing member that accommodates the internal member and comprises a leading-out hole which leads the extension member to the outside; and an elastic sealing member that is provided on the extension member, and placed in a gap between the extension member and the leading-out hole to seal the inside of the sheathing member. 2. The endoscope connector device according to claim 1,
wherein the internal member is disposed to be spaced apart from an inner surface of the sheathing member by being held by the sheathing member via only the sealing member. 3. The endoscope connector device according to claim 1,
wherein the sealing member is an O-ring fitted to an outer peripheral surface of the extension member. 4. The endoscope connector device according to claim 1,
wherein the internal member has a case member accommodating a substrate or a shield case in which the substrate is disposed, and the endoscope connector device further comprises a light guide rod and a first fixing base for a universal cable connected to an endoscope as the extension member. 5. The endoscope connector device according to claim 4, further comprising:
a second fixing base for a video cable connected to an electrical connector as the extension member. 6. The endoscope connector device according to claim 5,
wherein the light guide rod is connected to one end of the case member, and the first fixing base and the second fixing base are connected to the other end of the case member. 7. The endoscope connector device according to claim 5,
wherein the sheathing member comprises
a plug that holds the light guide rod, and
a connector sheathing case that is connected to the plug and accommodates the case member, and
the sealing member comprises
a first sealing member that causes the plug to hold the light guide rod,
a second sealing member that causes the connector sheathing case to hold the first fixing base, and
a third sealing member that causes the connector sheathing case to hold the second fixing base. 8. The endoscope connector device according to claim 7,
wherein the connector sheathing case is formed in a cylindrical shape, the case member is formed in a rectangular parallelepiped shape, and the case member is accommodated in the connector sheathing case in a posture where a long side of the case member follows an axis of the cylindrical connector sheathing case. 9. The endoscope connector device according to claim 5,
wherein the case member comprises a fixing board that fixes the first fixing base and the second fixing base, the fixing board comprises a first attaching hole to which the first fixing base is attached and a second attaching hole to which the second fixing base is attached, and in one fixing base of the first fixing base or the second fixing base and one attaching hole of the first attaching hole or the second attaching hole, to which the one fixing base is attached,
an outer surface of the one fixing base has two straight line portions provided to face each other,
an inner surface of the one attaching hole has two straight line portions provided to face each other so as to receive the two straight line portions of the one fixing base, and
the straight line portions of the one attaching hole are longer than the straight line portions of the one fixing base. 10. The endoscope connector device according to claim 9,
wherein the outer surface of the one fixing base has two arc portions provided to face each other so as to connect the two straight line portions of the one fixing base, and the inner surface of the one attaching hole has two arc portions provided to face each other so as to receive the two arc portions of the one fixing base. 11. The endoscope connector device according to claim 9,
wherein the one fixing base is the second fixing base. | 2,800 |
342,126 | 16,802,491 | 2,839 | A method and system of providing education content to a student is provided. A topic to be taught to a student is received. A user model of the student is identified. An electronic content model for the topic is determined. One or more presentation templates are identified based on the electronic content model. A concept map is determined based on the one or more presentation templates. A presentation template is selected from the one or more presentation templates. A segment of an educational content of the topic is provided to a user device of the student, based on the selected presentation template. | 1. A computing device comprising:
a processor; a network interface coupled to the processor to enable communication over a network; a storage device coupled to the processor; a template selector software stored in the storage device, wherein an execution of the software by the processor configures the computing device to perform acts comprising: receiving, over the network, a data packet having a topic to be taught to a student; storing the topic in the storage device; identifying a user model of the student; determining an electronic content model for the stored topic; identifying one or more presentation templates based on the electronic content model; determining a concept map based on the one or more presentation templates; selecting a presentation template from the one or more presentation templates; and providing a segment of an educational content of the topic to a user device of the student, over the network, based on the selected presentation template. 2. The computing device of claim 1, wherein identifying a user model of the student comprises receiving from a user model database a data packet having at least one of: (i) an indicia of performance, (ii) a strength, (iii) a weakness, and (iv) an interest of the student. 3. The computing device of claim 1, wherein execution of the template selector software by the processor further configures the computing device to perform an act comprising receiving a resource data packet from the user device, wherein:
the resource data packet includes at least one of: (i) hardware resources and (ii) software resources of the user device; and the resource data packet is used as a factor in selecting the presentation template from the one or more presentation templates. 4. The computing device of claim 3, wherein the resource data packet is received in response to a request from the template selector software that is sent to the user device over the network. 5. The computing device of claim 1, wherein each of the one or more presentation templates provides a different approach in teaching the segment of the educational content to the student. 6. The computing device of claim 1, wherein determining a concept map comprises, for each presentation template, creating a path between the student and the topic, each path comprising one or more lessons based on the corresponding presentation template. 7. The computing device of claim 1, wherein selecting the presentation template from the one or more presentation templates comprises:
applying the scaling factor to each corresponding presentation template to determine a cost function for each presentation template; and selecting a presentation template with a lowest cost function. 8. The computing device of claim 7, wherein:
identifying the one or more presentation templates comprises receiving a resource data packet from the user device of the student; the resource data packet includes at least one of (i) hardware and (ii) software capabilities of the user device; and the identification of the one or more presentation templates is also based on the resource data packet. 9. The computing device of claim 1, wherein execution of the template selector software by the processor further configures the computing device to perform acts comprising:
upon determining that a presentation of the segment of the educational content of the selected presentation template can be augmented, augmenting an interchangeable element of the segment of the educational content based on the user model of the student. 10. The computing device of claim 1, wherein execution of the template selector software by the processor further configures the computing device to perform acts comprising:
receiving feedback from the user device regarding an effectiveness of the selected presentation template; upon determining, based on the received feedback, that the selected presentation template is effective, using the selected presentation template on a next segment of the educational content; and upon determining, based on the received feedback, that the selected presentation template is not effective, selecting a presentation template that has a second lowest cost function for the next segment of the educational content. 11. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium tangibly embodying a computer readable program code having computer readable instructions that, when executed, causes a computer device to carry out a method of providing educational content to a student, the method comprising:
receiving, over a network, a data packet having a topic to be taught to a student; storing the topic in the storage device; identifying a user model of the student; determining an electronic content model for the topic; identifying one or more presentation templates based on the electronic content model; determining a concept map based on the one or more presentation templates; selecting a presentation template from the one or more presentation templates; and providing a segment of an educational content of the topic to a user device of the student, over the network, based on the selected presentation template. 12. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 11, wherein identifying a user model of the student comprises receiving from a user model database a data packet having at least one of: (i) an indicia of performance, (ii) a strength, (iii) a weakness, and (iv) an interest of the student. 13. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 11, further comprising receiving a resource data packet from the user device, wherein:
the resource data packet includes at least one of: (i) hardware resources and (ii) software resources of the user device; and the resource data packet is used as a factor in selecting the presentation template from the one or more presentation templates. 14. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein the resource data packet is received in response to a request that is sent to the user device over the network. 15. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 11, wherein each of the one or more presentation templates provides a different approach in teaching the segment of the educational content to the student. 16. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 11, wherein determining a concept map comprises, for each presentation template, creating a path between the student and the topic, each path comprising one or more lessons based on the corresponding presentation template. 17. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 11, wherein selecting the presentation template from the one or more presentation templates comprises:
determining a default cost of each presentation template; determining a scaling factor for each presentation template based on the user model. 18. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein:
identifying the one or more presentation templates comprises receiving a resource data packet from the user device of the student; the resource data packet includes at least one of (i) hardware and (ii) software capabilities of the user device; and the identification of the one or more presentation templates is also based on the resource data packet. 19. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 11, further comprising, upon determining that a presentation of the segment of the educational content of the selected presentation template can be augmented, augmenting an interchangeable element of the segment of the educational content based on the user model of the student. 20. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 11, further comprising:
receiving feedback from the user device regarding an effectiveness of the selected presentation template; upon determining, based on the received feedback, that the selected presentation template is effective, using the selected presentation template on a next segment of the educational content; and upon determining, based on the received feedback, that the selected presentation template is not effective, selecting a presentation template that has a second lowest cost function for the next segment of the educational content. | A method and system of providing education content to a student is provided. A topic to be taught to a student is received. A user model of the student is identified. An electronic content model for the topic is determined. One or more presentation templates are identified based on the electronic content model. A concept map is determined based on the one or more presentation templates. A presentation template is selected from the one or more presentation templates. A segment of an educational content of the topic is provided to a user device of the student, based on the selected presentation template.1. A computing device comprising:
a processor; a network interface coupled to the processor to enable communication over a network; a storage device coupled to the processor; a template selector software stored in the storage device, wherein an execution of the software by the processor configures the computing device to perform acts comprising: receiving, over the network, a data packet having a topic to be taught to a student; storing the topic in the storage device; identifying a user model of the student; determining an electronic content model for the stored topic; identifying one or more presentation templates based on the electronic content model; determining a concept map based on the one or more presentation templates; selecting a presentation template from the one or more presentation templates; and providing a segment of an educational content of the topic to a user device of the student, over the network, based on the selected presentation template. 2. The computing device of claim 1, wherein identifying a user model of the student comprises receiving from a user model database a data packet having at least one of: (i) an indicia of performance, (ii) a strength, (iii) a weakness, and (iv) an interest of the student. 3. The computing device of claim 1, wherein execution of the template selector software by the processor further configures the computing device to perform an act comprising receiving a resource data packet from the user device, wherein:
the resource data packet includes at least one of: (i) hardware resources and (ii) software resources of the user device; and the resource data packet is used as a factor in selecting the presentation template from the one or more presentation templates. 4. The computing device of claim 3, wherein the resource data packet is received in response to a request from the template selector software that is sent to the user device over the network. 5. The computing device of claim 1, wherein each of the one or more presentation templates provides a different approach in teaching the segment of the educational content to the student. 6. The computing device of claim 1, wherein determining a concept map comprises, for each presentation template, creating a path between the student and the topic, each path comprising one or more lessons based on the corresponding presentation template. 7. The computing device of claim 1, wherein selecting the presentation template from the one or more presentation templates comprises:
applying the scaling factor to each corresponding presentation template to determine a cost function for each presentation template; and selecting a presentation template with a lowest cost function. 8. The computing device of claim 7, wherein:
identifying the one or more presentation templates comprises receiving a resource data packet from the user device of the student; the resource data packet includes at least one of (i) hardware and (ii) software capabilities of the user device; and the identification of the one or more presentation templates is also based on the resource data packet. 9. The computing device of claim 1, wherein execution of the template selector software by the processor further configures the computing device to perform acts comprising:
upon determining that a presentation of the segment of the educational content of the selected presentation template can be augmented, augmenting an interchangeable element of the segment of the educational content based on the user model of the student. 10. The computing device of claim 1, wherein execution of the template selector software by the processor further configures the computing device to perform acts comprising:
receiving feedback from the user device regarding an effectiveness of the selected presentation template; upon determining, based on the received feedback, that the selected presentation template is effective, using the selected presentation template on a next segment of the educational content; and upon determining, based on the received feedback, that the selected presentation template is not effective, selecting a presentation template that has a second lowest cost function for the next segment of the educational content. 11. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium tangibly embodying a computer readable program code having computer readable instructions that, when executed, causes a computer device to carry out a method of providing educational content to a student, the method comprising:
receiving, over a network, a data packet having a topic to be taught to a student; storing the topic in the storage device; identifying a user model of the student; determining an electronic content model for the topic; identifying one or more presentation templates based on the electronic content model; determining a concept map based on the one or more presentation templates; selecting a presentation template from the one or more presentation templates; and providing a segment of an educational content of the topic to a user device of the student, over the network, based on the selected presentation template. 12. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 11, wherein identifying a user model of the student comprises receiving from a user model database a data packet having at least one of: (i) an indicia of performance, (ii) a strength, (iii) a weakness, and (iv) an interest of the student. 13. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 11, further comprising receiving a resource data packet from the user device, wherein:
the resource data packet includes at least one of: (i) hardware resources and (ii) software resources of the user device; and the resource data packet is used as a factor in selecting the presentation template from the one or more presentation templates. 14. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein the resource data packet is received in response to a request that is sent to the user device over the network. 15. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 11, wherein each of the one or more presentation templates provides a different approach in teaching the segment of the educational content to the student. 16. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 11, wherein determining a concept map comprises, for each presentation template, creating a path between the student and the topic, each path comprising one or more lessons based on the corresponding presentation template. 17. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 11, wherein selecting the presentation template from the one or more presentation templates comprises:
determining a default cost of each presentation template; determining a scaling factor for each presentation template based on the user model. 18. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein:
identifying the one or more presentation templates comprises receiving a resource data packet from the user device of the student; the resource data packet includes at least one of (i) hardware and (ii) software capabilities of the user device; and the identification of the one or more presentation templates is also based on the resource data packet. 19. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 11, further comprising, upon determining that a presentation of the segment of the educational content of the selected presentation template can be augmented, augmenting an interchangeable element of the segment of the educational content based on the user model of the student. 20. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 11, further comprising:
receiving feedback from the user device regarding an effectiveness of the selected presentation template; upon determining, based on the received feedback, that the selected presentation template is effective, using the selected presentation template on a next segment of the educational content; and upon determining, based on the received feedback, that the selected presentation template is not effective, selecting a presentation template that has a second lowest cost function for the next segment of the educational content. | 2,800 |
342,127 | 16,802,521 | 2,839 | A memory system includes a semiconductor storage device and a memory controller including a storage circuit that stores correction value for read voltages in association with the word line, and a control circuit that reads data from the memory cells, performs a correction operation on the read data to determine a number of error bits therein, determines the correction value for each read voltage based on the number of error bits and a ratio of a lower tail fail bit count and an upper tail fail bit count, and stores the correction values for the read voltages in the storage circuit. The lower tail fail bit count represents the number of memory cells in a first state having threshold voltages of an adjacent state, and the upper tail fail bit count represents the number of memory cells in the adjacent state having threshold voltages of the first state. | 1. A memory system comprising:
a semiconductor storage device that includes a plurality of memory cells each storing a plurality of bits of data and a word line connected to the plurality of memory cells; and a memory controller including
a storage circuit that stores correction values for read voltages in association with the word line, and
a control circuit that is configured to select the word line and read data from the memory cells, perform a correction operation on the read data to determine a number of error bits in the data, determine the correction value for each read voltage based on the number of error bits in the data that has been read using the read voltage and a ratio of a lower tail fail bit count and an upper tail fail bit count in the data that has been read using the read voltage, and store the correction values for the read voltages in the storage circuit for subsequent read operations performed on the memory cells, wherein the lower tail fail bit count represents the number of memory cells in a first state having threshold voltages of a second state that is adjacent to the first state, and the upper tail fail bit count represents the number of memory cells in the second state having threshold voltages of the first state. 2. The memory system according to claim 1, wherein the control circuit is configured to determine the correction value for a read voltage if the number of error bits in the data is greater than a threshold or the ratio is less than a lower limit ratio or greater than an upper limit ratio. 3. The memory system according to claim 2, wherein the control circuit is configured to select the correction value from a table that associates each of multiple correction values to different ratios that are each less than the lower limit ratio or greater than the upper limit ratio. 4. The memory system according to claim 1, wherein the data read from the memory cells include lower page data and upper page data and the read voltages include a first read voltage, a second read voltage greater than the first read voltage, and a third read voltage greater than the second read voltage. 5. The memory system according to claim 1, wherein
the correction values for the first, second, and third read voltages are determined based on the number of error bits in the data that has been read using the first, second, and third read voltages, respectively, and the ratio of the lower tail fail bit count and the upper tail fail bit count in the data that has been read using the first, second, and third read voltages, respectively. 6. The memory system according to claim 5, wherein
when determining the correction value for the first read voltage, the threshold voltages of the first state are each less than the first read voltage and the threshold voltages of the second state are each greater than the first read voltage and less than the second read voltage. 7. The memory system according to claim 5, wherein
when determining the correction value for the second read voltage, the threshold voltages of the first state are each greater than the first read voltage and less than the second read voltage and the threshold voltages of the second state are each greater than the second read voltage and less than the third read voltage. 8. The memory system according to claim 5, wherein
when determining the correction value for the third read voltage, the threshold voltages of the first state are each greater than the second read voltage and less than the third read voltage and the threshold voltages of the second state are each greater than the third read voltage. 9. A memory system comprising:
a semiconductor storage device that includes a plurality of memory cells each storing a plurality of bits of data and a word line connected to the plurality of memory cells; and a memory controller including
a storage circuit that stores a correction value of a read voltage associated with the word line and a plurality of tables each corresponding to a shift amount of a read voltage to be used for a shift read performed in a soft bit error correction process, and
a control circuit that is configured to select the word line and read each of first page data and second page data from the memory cells, perform a hard bit error correction process for each of the read first and second page data, calculate a shift amount of a read voltage to be used in a next read operation in which the word line is selected, based on the read first and second page data and the first and second page data corrected by the hard bit error correction process, perform a first process of updating the correction value based on the calculated shift amount, and perform a second process of selecting a table to be used in the soft bit error correction process from among the plurality of tables based on the correction value when an error correction by the hard bit error correction process fails. 10. The memory system according to claim 9,
wherein the soft bit error correction process corresponding to the first page data includes reading the first page data, reading the second page data, and reading soft bit data by using a plurality of different voltages shifted from a read voltage used for reading the first page data, and wherein a shift amount of a read voltage in reading the soft bit data differs when referring to a first table among the plurality of tables from when referring to a second table among the plurality of tables. 11. The memory system according to claim 10,
wherein at least a first read voltage is used in a read operation of the first page data, and wherein a shift amount of a read voltage corresponding to the first read voltage in reading the soft bit data differs between a positive direction and a negative direction. 12. The memory system according to claim 11,
wherein a second read voltage higher than the first read voltage is further used in the read operation of the first page data, and wherein the shift amount of the read voltage corresponding to the first read voltage in reading the soft bit data is larger in the positive direction than in the negative direction. 13. The memory system according to claim 11,
wherein a second read voltage lower than the first read voltage is further used in the read operation of the first page data, and wherein the shift amount of the read voltage corresponding to the first read voltage in reading the soft bit data is larger in the negative direction than in the positive direction. 14. The memory system according to claim 10, wherein the shift amount of the read voltage in reading the soft bit data is larger when referring to the second table than when referring to the first table. 15. The memory system according to claim 10,
wherein at least a first read voltage and a second read voltage different from the first read voltage are used in a read operation of the first page data, wherein in reading the soft bit data based on the first table, the shift amount of the read voltage corresponding to the first read voltage and the shift amount of the read voltage corresponding to the second read voltage are the same, and wherein in reading the soft bit data based on the second table, the shift amount of the read voltage corresponding to the first read voltage is different from the shift amount of the read voltage corresponding to the second read voltage. 16. The memory system according to claim 9, wherein the control circuit performs the correction operation independently of a command from an external host apparatus. 17. The memory system according to claim 9, wherein the control circuit performs the second process on a page basis. 18. The memory system according to claim 8,
wherein the first process includes a process of counting each of the number of first memory cells corresponding to a first combination and the number of second memory cells corresponding to a second combination, based on first data calculated from the read first and second page data and second data calculated from the corrected first and second page data, wherein calculation of the shift amount of the read voltage includes determining a magnitude of the shift amount of the read voltage and a shift direction of the read voltage based on a ratio between the number of the first memory cells and the number of the second memory cells, and wherein in the first process, the correction value is updated when a numerical value of the ratio is approximately 1. 19. The memory system according to claim 9,
wherein each of the plurality of tables includes a log likelihood ratio value, and wherein the control circuit performs the soft bit error correction process based on a result of the shift read and the log likelihood ratio value. 20. The memory system according to claim 19,
wherein the storage circuit further includes stress information associated with the word line, and wherein the control circuit updates the stress information based on the correction value and selects the shift amount of the read voltage and the table based on the stress information. | A memory system includes a semiconductor storage device and a memory controller including a storage circuit that stores correction value for read voltages in association with the word line, and a control circuit that reads data from the memory cells, performs a correction operation on the read data to determine a number of error bits therein, determines the correction value for each read voltage based on the number of error bits and a ratio of a lower tail fail bit count and an upper tail fail bit count, and stores the correction values for the read voltages in the storage circuit. The lower tail fail bit count represents the number of memory cells in a first state having threshold voltages of an adjacent state, and the upper tail fail bit count represents the number of memory cells in the adjacent state having threshold voltages of the first state.1. A memory system comprising:
a semiconductor storage device that includes a plurality of memory cells each storing a plurality of bits of data and a word line connected to the plurality of memory cells; and a memory controller including
a storage circuit that stores correction values for read voltages in association with the word line, and
a control circuit that is configured to select the word line and read data from the memory cells, perform a correction operation on the read data to determine a number of error bits in the data, determine the correction value for each read voltage based on the number of error bits in the data that has been read using the read voltage and a ratio of a lower tail fail bit count and an upper tail fail bit count in the data that has been read using the read voltage, and store the correction values for the read voltages in the storage circuit for subsequent read operations performed on the memory cells, wherein the lower tail fail bit count represents the number of memory cells in a first state having threshold voltages of a second state that is adjacent to the first state, and the upper tail fail bit count represents the number of memory cells in the second state having threshold voltages of the first state. 2. The memory system according to claim 1, wherein the control circuit is configured to determine the correction value for a read voltage if the number of error bits in the data is greater than a threshold or the ratio is less than a lower limit ratio or greater than an upper limit ratio. 3. The memory system according to claim 2, wherein the control circuit is configured to select the correction value from a table that associates each of multiple correction values to different ratios that are each less than the lower limit ratio or greater than the upper limit ratio. 4. The memory system according to claim 1, wherein the data read from the memory cells include lower page data and upper page data and the read voltages include a first read voltage, a second read voltage greater than the first read voltage, and a third read voltage greater than the second read voltage. 5. The memory system according to claim 1, wherein
the correction values for the first, second, and third read voltages are determined based on the number of error bits in the data that has been read using the first, second, and third read voltages, respectively, and the ratio of the lower tail fail bit count and the upper tail fail bit count in the data that has been read using the first, second, and third read voltages, respectively. 6. The memory system according to claim 5, wherein
when determining the correction value for the first read voltage, the threshold voltages of the first state are each less than the first read voltage and the threshold voltages of the second state are each greater than the first read voltage and less than the second read voltage. 7. The memory system according to claim 5, wherein
when determining the correction value for the second read voltage, the threshold voltages of the first state are each greater than the first read voltage and less than the second read voltage and the threshold voltages of the second state are each greater than the second read voltage and less than the third read voltage. 8. The memory system according to claim 5, wherein
when determining the correction value for the third read voltage, the threshold voltages of the first state are each greater than the second read voltage and less than the third read voltage and the threshold voltages of the second state are each greater than the third read voltage. 9. A memory system comprising:
a semiconductor storage device that includes a plurality of memory cells each storing a plurality of bits of data and a word line connected to the plurality of memory cells; and a memory controller including
a storage circuit that stores a correction value of a read voltage associated with the word line and a plurality of tables each corresponding to a shift amount of a read voltage to be used for a shift read performed in a soft bit error correction process, and
a control circuit that is configured to select the word line and read each of first page data and second page data from the memory cells, perform a hard bit error correction process for each of the read first and second page data, calculate a shift amount of a read voltage to be used in a next read operation in which the word line is selected, based on the read first and second page data and the first and second page data corrected by the hard bit error correction process, perform a first process of updating the correction value based on the calculated shift amount, and perform a second process of selecting a table to be used in the soft bit error correction process from among the plurality of tables based on the correction value when an error correction by the hard bit error correction process fails. 10. The memory system according to claim 9,
wherein the soft bit error correction process corresponding to the first page data includes reading the first page data, reading the second page data, and reading soft bit data by using a plurality of different voltages shifted from a read voltage used for reading the first page data, and wherein a shift amount of a read voltage in reading the soft bit data differs when referring to a first table among the plurality of tables from when referring to a second table among the plurality of tables. 11. The memory system according to claim 10,
wherein at least a first read voltage is used in a read operation of the first page data, and wherein a shift amount of a read voltage corresponding to the first read voltage in reading the soft bit data differs between a positive direction and a negative direction. 12. The memory system according to claim 11,
wherein a second read voltage higher than the first read voltage is further used in the read operation of the first page data, and wherein the shift amount of the read voltage corresponding to the first read voltage in reading the soft bit data is larger in the positive direction than in the negative direction. 13. The memory system according to claim 11,
wherein a second read voltage lower than the first read voltage is further used in the read operation of the first page data, and wherein the shift amount of the read voltage corresponding to the first read voltage in reading the soft bit data is larger in the negative direction than in the positive direction. 14. The memory system according to claim 10, wherein the shift amount of the read voltage in reading the soft bit data is larger when referring to the second table than when referring to the first table. 15. The memory system according to claim 10,
wherein at least a first read voltage and a second read voltage different from the first read voltage are used in a read operation of the first page data, wherein in reading the soft bit data based on the first table, the shift amount of the read voltage corresponding to the first read voltage and the shift amount of the read voltage corresponding to the second read voltage are the same, and wherein in reading the soft bit data based on the second table, the shift amount of the read voltage corresponding to the first read voltage is different from the shift amount of the read voltage corresponding to the second read voltage. 16. The memory system according to claim 9, wherein the control circuit performs the correction operation independently of a command from an external host apparatus. 17. The memory system according to claim 9, wherein the control circuit performs the second process on a page basis. 18. The memory system according to claim 8,
wherein the first process includes a process of counting each of the number of first memory cells corresponding to a first combination and the number of second memory cells corresponding to a second combination, based on first data calculated from the read first and second page data and second data calculated from the corrected first and second page data, wherein calculation of the shift amount of the read voltage includes determining a magnitude of the shift amount of the read voltage and a shift direction of the read voltage based on a ratio between the number of the first memory cells and the number of the second memory cells, and wherein in the first process, the correction value is updated when a numerical value of the ratio is approximately 1. 19. The memory system according to claim 9,
wherein each of the plurality of tables includes a log likelihood ratio value, and wherein the control circuit performs the soft bit error correction process based on a result of the shift read and the log likelihood ratio value. 20. The memory system according to claim 19,
wherein the storage circuit further includes stress information associated with the word line, and wherein the control circuit updates the stress information based on the correction value and selects the shift amount of the read voltage and the table based on the stress information. | 2,800 |
342,128 | 16,802,519 | 2,883 | The optical fibre ribbon of the present disclosure has one or more base access. The optical fibre ribbon of the present disclosure includes a plurality of optical fibres, a coating layer bonding the plurality of optical fibres, and a slit. The slit in the optical fibre ribbon is made between two optical fibres of the plurality of the optical fibres. The optical fibre ribbon has flat surface on top and corrugated surface in bottom. The optical fibre ribbon has a coating layer that is a layer of matrix material. The coating layer is made of single layer of matrix material. | 1. An optical fibre ribbon with one or more base access, the optical fibre ribbon comprising:
a plurality of optical fibres; a coating layer bonding the plurality of optical fibres, wherein the optical fibre ribbon is coated with the coating layer in corrugated manner; and a slit, wherein the slit in the optical fibre ribbon is made between any two optical fibres of the plurality of optical fibres. 2. The optical fibre ribbon as claimed in claim 1, wherein the base access is to split a large width optical fibre ribbon with more number of fibre into two or more small width optical fibre ribbon with less number of fibre. 3. The optical fibre ribbon as claimed in claim 1, wherein the optical fibre ribbon is one of a regular flat ribbon, an intermittent bonded ribbon and a bendable ribbon. 4. The optical fibre ribbon as claimed in claim 1, wherein the optical fibre ribbon has flat surface on top and corrugated surface in bottom, wherein the slit is on the top surface of the optical fibre ribbon. 5. The optical fibre ribbon as claimed in claim 1, wherein the coating layer is a layer of matrix material, wherein the coating layer is made of single layer of matrix material. 6. The optical fibre ribbon as claimed in claim 1, wherein the coating layer of the optical fibre ribbon has uniform thickness throughout the plurality of optical fibres. 7. The optical fibre ribbon as claimed in claim 1, wherein the slit is placed to access the one or more bases from the optical fibre ribbon. 8. The optical fibre ribbon as claimed in claim 1, wherein the slit in the optical fibre ribbon has width in range of about 50 micron to 100 micron. 9. The optical fibre ribbon as claimed in claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of optical fibres in the optical fibre ribbon is aligned at pitch in range of about 180 micron to 250 micron. 10. The optical fibre ribbon as claimed in claim 1, wherein the slit has a “V” shaped, “U” shaped or structure of any other shape. 11. An arrangement of an optical fiber ribbon stack for use in an optical fiber cable, the arrangement of the optical fiber ribbon stack comprising:
a plurality of optical fibre ribbons, wherein the plurality of optical fibre ribbons is arranged in perfect square shape configuration, wherein each of the plurality of optical fibre ribbons has pitch value equal to height of each of the plurality of optical fibre ribbons. 12. The arrangement of the optical fiber ribbon stack as claimed in claim 11, wherein the plurality of optical fibre ribbons has a plurality of slits to split the optical fibre ribbon for two or more base access. 13. The arrangement of the optical fiber ribbon stack as claimed in claim 11, wherein number of the plurality of optical fibres placed in horizontal direction is equal to number of the plurality of optical fibres placed in vertical direction. 14. The arrangement of the optical fiber ribbon stack as claimed in claim 11, wherein the optical fibre ribbon stack is in a form of 24F*24F square shape. 15. The arrangement of the optical fiber ribbon stack as claimed in claim 11, wherein number of the plurality of optical fibres in the optical fibre ribbon stack is 576. 16. The arrangement of the optical fiber ribbon stack as claimed in claim 11, wherein the optical fibre ribbon stack has height in range of about 5.8 millimeter to 6.2 millimeter. 17. The arrangement of the optical fiber ribbon stack as claimed in claim 11, wherein the optical fibre ribbon stack has width in range of about 5.8 millimeter to 6.2 millimeter. 18. An arrangement of an optical fiber ribbon stack for use in an optical fiber cable, the arrangement of the optical fiber ribbon stack comprising:
a plurality of optical fibre ribbons, wherein the plurality of optical fibre ribbons is arranged such that number of the plurality of optical fibres placed in horizontal direction is equal to number of the plurality of optical fibres placed in vertical direction, wherein each of the plurality of optical fibre ribbons has pitch value equal to height of each of the plurality of optical fibre ribbons. 19. The arrangement of the optical fiber ribbon stack as claimed in claim 18, wherein the plurality of optical fibre ribbons has a plurality of slits to split the optical fibre ribbon for two or more base access. 20. The arrangement of the optical fiber ribbon stack as claimed in claim 18, wherein the optical fibre ribbon stack has width in range of about 5.8 millimeter to 6.2 millimeter. | The optical fibre ribbon of the present disclosure has one or more base access. The optical fibre ribbon of the present disclosure includes a plurality of optical fibres, a coating layer bonding the plurality of optical fibres, and a slit. The slit in the optical fibre ribbon is made between two optical fibres of the plurality of the optical fibres. The optical fibre ribbon has flat surface on top and corrugated surface in bottom. The optical fibre ribbon has a coating layer that is a layer of matrix material. The coating layer is made of single layer of matrix material.1. An optical fibre ribbon with one or more base access, the optical fibre ribbon comprising:
a plurality of optical fibres; a coating layer bonding the plurality of optical fibres, wherein the optical fibre ribbon is coated with the coating layer in corrugated manner; and a slit, wherein the slit in the optical fibre ribbon is made between any two optical fibres of the plurality of optical fibres. 2. The optical fibre ribbon as claimed in claim 1, wherein the base access is to split a large width optical fibre ribbon with more number of fibre into two or more small width optical fibre ribbon with less number of fibre. 3. The optical fibre ribbon as claimed in claim 1, wherein the optical fibre ribbon is one of a regular flat ribbon, an intermittent bonded ribbon and a bendable ribbon. 4. The optical fibre ribbon as claimed in claim 1, wherein the optical fibre ribbon has flat surface on top and corrugated surface in bottom, wherein the slit is on the top surface of the optical fibre ribbon. 5. The optical fibre ribbon as claimed in claim 1, wherein the coating layer is a layer of matrix material, wherein the coating layer is made of single layer of matrix material. 6. The optical fibre ribbon as claimed in claim 1, wherein the coating layer of the optical fibre ribbon has uniform thickness throughout the plurality of optical fibres. 7. The optical fibre ribbon as claimed in claim 1, wherein the slit is placed to access the one or more bases from the optical fibre ribbon. 8. The optical fibre ribbon as claimed in claim 1, wherein the slit in the optical fibre ribbon has width in range of about 50 micron to 100 micron. 9. The optical fibre ribbon as claimed in claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of optical fibres in the optical fibre ribbon is aligned at pitch in range of about 180 micron to 250 micron. 10. The optical fibre ribbon as claimed in claim 1, wherein the slit has a “V” shaped, “U” shaped or structure of any other shape. 11. An arrangement of an optical fiber ribbon stack for use in an optical fiber cable, the arrangement of the optical fiber ribbon stack comprising:
a plurality of optical fibre ribbons, wherein the plurality of optical fibre ribbons is arranged in perfect square shape configuration, wherein each of the plurality of optical fibre ribbons has pitch value equal to height of each of the plurality of optical fibre ribbons. 12. The arrangement of the optical fiber ribbon stack as claimed in claim 11, wherein the plurality of optical fibre ribbons has a plurality of slits to split the optical fibre ribbon for two or more base access. 13. The arrangement of the optical fiber ribbon stack as claimed in claim 11, wherein number of the plurality of optical fibres placed in horizontal direction is equal to number of the plurality of optical fibres placed in vertical direction. 14. The arrangement of the optical fiber ribbon stack as claimed in claim 11, wherein the optical fibre ribbon stack is in a form of 24F*24F square shape. 15. The arrangement of the optical fiber ribbon stack as claimed in claim 11, wherein number of the plurality of optical fibres in the optical fibre ribbon stack is 576. 16. The arrangement of the optical fiber ribbon stack as claimed in claim 11, wherein the optical fibre ribbon stack has height in range of about 5.8 millimeter to 6.2 millimeter. 17. The arrangement of the optical fiber ribbon stack as claimed in claim 11, wherein the optical fibre ribbon stack has width in range of about 5.8 millimeter to 6.2 millimeter. 18. An arrangement of an optical fiber ribbon stack for use in an optical fiber cable, the arrangement of the optical fiber ribbon stack comprising:
a plurality of optical fibre ribbons, wherein the plurality of optical fibre ribbons is arranged such that number of the plurality of optical fibres placed in horizontal direction is equal to number of the plurality of optical fibres placed in vertical direction, wherein each of the plurality of optical fibre ribbons has pitch value equal to height of each of the plurality of optical fibre ribbons. 19. The arrangement of the optical fiber ribbon stack as claimed in claim 18, wherein the plurality of optical fibre ribbons has a plurality of slits to split the optical fibre ribbon for two or more base access. 20. The arrangement of the optical fiber ribbon stack as claimed in claim 18, wherein the optical fibre ribbon stack has width in range of about 5.8 millimeter to 6.2 millimeter. | 2,800 |
342,129 | 16,802,423 | 2,883 | Provided herein are methods and compositions relating to glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP1R) libraries having nucleic acids encoding for a scaffold comprising a GLP1R binding domain. Libraries described herein include variegated libraries comprising nucleic acids each encoding for a predetermined variant of at least one predetermined reference nucleic acid sequence. Further described herein are protein libraries generated when the nucleic acid libraries are translated. Further described herein are cell libraries expressing variegated nucleic acid libraries described herein. | 1. A nucleic acid library, comprising: a plurality of nucleic acids, wherein each of the nucleic acids encodes for a sequence that when translated encodes for a GLP1R binding immunoglobulin, wherein the GLP1R binding immunoglobulin comprises a variant of a GLP1R binding domain, wherein the GLP1R binding domain is a ligand for the GLP1R, and wherein the nucleic acid library comprises at least 10,000 variant immunoglobulin heavy chains and at least 10,000 variant immunoglobulin light chains. 2. The nucleic acid library of claim 1, wherein the nucleic acid library comprises at least 50,000 variant immunoglobulin heavy chains and at least 50,000 variant immunoglobulin light chains. 3. (canceled) 4. The nucleic acid library of claim 1, wherein the nucleic acid library comprises at least 105 non-identical nucleic acids. 5. The nucleic acid library of claim 1, wherein a length of the immunoglobulin heavy chain when translated is about 90 to about 100 amino acids. 6. The nucleic acid library of claim 1, wherein a length of the immunoglobulin heavy chain when translated is about 100 to about 400 amino acids. 7. The nucleic acid library of claim 1, wherein the variant immunoglobulin heavy chain when translated comprises at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 2303, 2304, 2305, 2306, 2307, 2308, 2309, 2317, 2318, 2319, 2320, or 2321. 8. The nucleic acid library of claim 1, wherein the variant immunoglobulin light chain when translated comprises at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 2310, 2311, 2312, 2313, 2314, 2315, or 2316. 9. A nucleic acid library comprising: a plurality of nucleic acids, wherein each of the nucleic acids encodes for a sequence that when translated encodes for a GLP1R single domain antibody, wherein each sequence of the plurality of sequences comprises a variant sequence encoding for at least one of a CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 on a heavy chain; wherein the library comprises at least 30,000 variant sequences; and wherein the antibody or antibody fragments bind to its antigen with a KD of less than 100 nM. 10. (canceled) 11. (canceled) 12. The nucleic acid library of claim 9, wherein the nucleic acid library comprises at least 105 non-identical nucleic acids. 13. The nucleic acid library of claim 9, wherein a length of the heavy chain when translated is about 90 to about 100 amino acids. 14. The nucleic acid library of claim 9, wherein a length of the heavy chain when translated is about 100 to about 400 amino acids. 15. The nucleic acid library of claim 9, wherein the heavy chain when translated comprises at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 2303, 2304, 2305, 2306, 2307, 2308, 2309, 2317, 2318, 2319, 2320, or 2321. 16. (canceled) 17. An antibody or antibody fragment that binds GLP1R, comprising an immunoglobulin heavy chain and an immunoglobulin light chain:
a. wherein the immunoglobulin heavy chain comprises an amino acid sequence at least about 90% identical to that set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2303, 2304, 2305, 2306, 2307, 2308, 2309, 2317, 2318, 2319, 2320, or 2321; and b. wherein the immunoglobulin light chain comprises an amino acid sequence at least about 90% identical to that set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2310, 2311, 2312, 2313, 2314, 2315, or 2316. 18.-24. (canceled) 25. The antibody or antibody fragment of claim 17, wherein the antibody is a monoclonal antibody, a polyclonal antibody, a bi-specific antibody, a multispecific antibody, a grafted antibody, a human antibody, a humanized antibody, a synthetic antibody, a chimeric antibody, a camelized antibody, a single-chain Fvs (scFv), a single chain antibody, a Fab fragment, a F(ab′)2 fragment, a Fd fragment, a Fv fragment, a single-domain antibody, an isolated complementarity determining region (CDR), a diabody, a fragment comprised of only a single monomeric variable domain, disulfide-linked Fvs (sdFv), an intrabody, an anti-idiotypic (anti-Id) antibody, or ab antigen-binding fragments thereof. 26. (canceled) 27. The antibody or antibody fragment of claim 17, wherein the antibody has an EC50 less than about 25 nanomolar in a cAMP assay. 28.-33. (canceled) 34. The antibody or antibody fragment of claim 17, wherein the antibody or antibody fragment comprising a sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOS: 2277, 2278, 2281, 2282, 2283, 2284, 2285, 2286, 2289, 2290, 2291, 2292, 2294, 2295, 2296, 2297, 2298, 2299, 2300, 2301, or 2302 or a sequence set forth in Table 27. 35. (canceled) 36. An antagonist of GLP1R comprising SEQ ID NO: 2279 or 2320. 37. The antagonist of claim 36, wherein the antagonist comprises an EC50 of no more than 1.5 nM. 38. (canceled) 39. (canceled) 40. (canceled) 41. An agonist of GLP1R comprising SEQ ID NO: 2317. 42. The agonist of claim 41, wherein the agonist comprises an EC50 of no more than 1.5 nM. 43.-57. (canceled) | Provided herein are methods and compositions relating to glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP1R) libraries having nucleic acids encoding for a scaffold comprising a GLP1R binding domain. Libraries described herein include variegated libraries comprising nucleic acids each encoding for a predetermined variant of at least one predetermined reference nucleic acid sequence. Further described herein are protein libraries generated when the nucleic acid libraries are translated. Further described herein are cell libraries expressing variegated nucleic acid libraries described herein.1. A nucleic acid library, comprising: a plurality of nucleic acids, wherein each of the nucleic acids encodes for a sequence that when translated encodes for a GLP1R binding immunoglobulin, wherein the GLP1R binding immunoglobulin comprises a variant of a GLP1R binding domain, wherein the GLP1R binding domain is a ligand for the GLP1R, and wherein the nucleic acid library comprises at least 10,000 variant immunoglobulin heavy chains and at least 10,000 variant immunoglobulin light chains. 2. The nucleic acid library of claim 1, wherein the nucleic acid library comprises at least 50,000 variant immunoglobulin heavy chains and at least 50,000 variant immunoglobulin light chains. 3. (canceled) 4. The nucleic acid library of claim 1, wherein the nucleic acid library comprises at least 105 non-identical nucleic acids. 5. The nucleic acid library of claim 1, wherein a length of the immunoglobulin heavy chain when translated is about 90 to about 100 amino acids. 6. The nucleic acid library of claim 1, wherein a length of the immunoglobulin heavy chain when translated is about 100 to about 400 amino acids. 7. The nucleic acid library of claim 1, wherein the variant immunoglobulin heavy chain when translated comprises at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 2303, 2304, 2305, 2306, 2307, 2308, 2309, 2317, 2318, 2319, 2320, or 2321. 8. The nucleic acid library of claim 1, wherein the variant immunoglobulin light chain when translated comprises at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 2310, 2311, 2312, 2313, 2314, 2315, or 2316. 9. A nucleic acid library comprising: a plurality of nucleic acids, wherein each of the nucleic acids encodes for a sequence that when translated encodes for a GLP1R single domain antibody, wherein each sequence of the plurality of sequences comprises a variant sequence encoding for at least one of a CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 on a heavy chain; wherein the library comprises at least 30,000 variant sequences; and wherein the antibody or antibody fragments bind to its antigen with a KD of less than 100 nM. 10. (canceled) 11. (canceled) 12. The nucleic acid library of claim 9, wherein the nucleic acid library comprises at least 105 non-identical nucleic acids. 13. The nucleic acid library of claim 9, wherein a length of the heavy chain when translated is about 90 to about 100 amino acids. 14. The nucleic acid library of claim 9, wherein a length of the heavy chain when translated is about 100 to about 400 amino acids. 15. The nucleic acid library of claim 9, wherein the heavy chain when translated comprises at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 2303, 2304, 2305, 2306, 2307, 2308, 2309, 2317, 2318, 2319, 2320, or 2321. 16. (canceled) 17. An antibody or antibody fragment that binds GLP1R, comprising an immunoglobulin heavy chain and an immunoglobulin light chain:
a. wherein the immunoglobulin heavy chain comprises an amino acid sequence at least about 90% identical to that set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2303, 2304, 2305, 2306, 2307, 2308, 2309, 2317, 2318, 2319, 2320, or 2321; and b. wherein the immunoglobulin light chain comprises an amino acid sequence at least about 90% identical to that set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2310, 2311, 2312, 2313, 2314, 2315, or 2316. 18.-24. (canceled) 25. The antibody or antibody fragment of claim 17, wherein the antibody is a monoclonal antibody, a polyclonal antibody, a bi-specific antibody, a multispecific antibody, a grafted antibody, a human antibody, a humanized antibody, a synthetic antibody, a chimeric antibody, a camelized antibody, a single-chain Fvs (scFv), a single chain antibody, a Fab fragment, a F(ab′)2 fragment, a Fd fragment, a Fv fragment, a single-domain antibody, an isolated complementarity determining region (CDR), a diabody, a fragment comprised of only a single monomeric variable domain, disulfide-linked Fvs (sdFv), an intrabody, an anti-idiotypic (anti-Id) antibody, or ab antigen-binding fragments thereof. 26. (canceled) 27. The antibody or antibody fragment of claim 17, wherein the antibody has an EC50 less than about 25 nanomolar in a cAMP assay. 28.-33. (canceled) 34. The antibody or antibody fragment of claim 17, wherein the antibody or antibody fragment comprising a sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOS: 2277, 2278, 2281, 2282, 2283, 2284, 2285, 2286, 2289, 2290, 2291, 2292, 2294, 2295, 2296, 2297, 2298, 2299, 2300, 2301, or 2302 or a sequence set forth in Table 27. 35. (canceled) 36. An antagonist of GLP1R comprising SEQ ID NO: 2279 or 2320. 37. The antagonist of claim 36, wherein the antagonist comprises an EC50 of no more than 1.5 nM. 38. (canceled) 39. (canceled) 40. (canceled) 41. An agonist of GLP1R comprising SEQ ID NO: 2317. 42. The agonist of claim 41, wherein the agonist comprises an EC50 of no more than 1.5 nM. 43.-57. (canceled) | 2,800 |
342,130 | 16,802,489 | 2,616 | A highly visible overlay system includes contrasting visible elements configured to define an image overlay, a first portion of the visible elements comprises opaque elements having high contrast with bright areas of a field of view, and a second portion of the visible elements comprises illuminated elements having high contrast with darker elements of the field of view. The system may capture an image of a target scene for display and include a processing component configured to construct the plurality of contrasting visual elements in accordance with a visual acuity factor, and generate an electronic overlay constructed of the contrasting visual elements. The overlay may comprise a reticle formed on an optical element of a scope, including nonilluminated opaque portions and illuminated portions illuminated by a light source. | 1. An apparatus comprising:
an optical assembly configured to receive a target image of a scene; and a reticle visible through the optical assembly, the reticle comprising a pattern of contrasting visual elements including opaque elements and illuminated elements; and wherein the opaque elements visibly contrast with light portions of the target image, and wherein the illuminated elements visibly contrast with dark portions of the target image. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the contrasting visual elements include an illuminate white block and an opaque black block; and
wherein each block has the minimum pixel width to satisfy a visual acuity factor. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
an imaging component configured to capture the target image; a processing component configured to construct the plurality of contrasting visual elements in accordance with a visual acuity factor, and generate an electronic reticle constructed of the contrasting visual elements. 4. The apparatus of claim 3, further comprising a display component configured to display the electronic reticle in combination with the image of the target scene, the electronic reticle being displayed as an overlay on the image of the target scene. 5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the processing component is further configured to determine the pattern of contrasting visual elements for use in constructing the electronic reticle, including alternating illuminated and opaque blocks. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the processing component is further configured to construct the plurality of contrasting visual elements using display configuration information and field of view information; and
wherein the display configuration information includes a display resolution comprising a number of horizontal pixels and a number of vertical pixels. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the reticle is formed by etching the pattern into an optical element of the optical assembly, the etching including a first portion having a visibly opaque color, and a second portion including illuminated elements. 8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the optical element is configured to provide a plurality of magnification levels;
wherein the reticle comprises a first set of contrasting visual elements sized in accordance with a first visual acuity factor associated with a first magnification level, and a second set of contrasting visual elements sized in accordance with a second visual acuity factor associated with a second magnification level; and wherein the first set of contrasting visual elements and the second set of contrasting visual elements have different sizes. 9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein both the first set of contrasting visual elements and the second set of contrasting visual elements are visible in a field of view at the first magnification level, with the second set of contrasting visual elements having a size that is below the first visual acuity factor; and
wherein the second set of contrasting visual elements is visible in the field of view at the second magnification level, and wherein the first set of contrasting visual elements is outside and/or substantially outside the field of view. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus further comprises a virtual reality, augmented reality and/or assisted reality apparatus. 11. A method comprising:
disposing optical elements within a scope to receive a target image of a scene; defining a plurality of contrasting visual elements in accordance with a visual acuity factor; and constructing a visual overlay adapted to be visible in contrast to the target image when viewed through the scope, the visual overlay comprising a pattern of contrasting visual elements including opaque elements and illuminated elements; wherein the opaque elements visibly contrast with light portions of the target image, and wherein the illuminated elements visibly contrast with dark portions of the target image. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the contrasting visual elements include a white block and a black block. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein each block has the minimum pixel width and height to satisfy the visual acuity factor. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein constructing the overlay further comprises determining a fill pattern of contrasting visual elements for use in constructing the overlay. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the fill pattern includes alternating white and black blocks. 16. The method of claim 11 wherein the visual acuity factor is substantially equal to 5 arc-minutes. 17. The method of claim 11 wherein the plurality of contrasting visual elements are defined using display configuration information and field of view information. 18. The method of claim 17 wherein the display configuration information includes a display resolution comprising a number of horizontal pixels and a number of vertical pixels. 19. The method of claim 11 further comprising etching the pattern into an optical element of the scope, the etching including a first portion having a visibly opaque color, and a second portion including illuminated elements. 20. The method of claim 19 further comprising disposing a light emitting diode adjacent to the optical element, the light emitting diode configured to illuminate the illuminated elements during operation. | A highly visible overlay system includes contrasting visible elements configured to define an image overlay, a first portion of the visible elements comprises opaque elements having high contrast with bright areas of a field of view, and a second portion of the visible elements comprises illuminated elements having high contrast with darker elements of the field of view. The system may capture an image of a target scene for display and include a processing component configured to construct the plurality of contrasting visual elements in accordance with a visual acuity factor, and generate an electronic overlay constructed of the contrasting visual elements. The overlay may comprise a reticle formed on an optical element of a scope, including nonilluminated opaque portions and illuminated portions illuminated by a light source.1. An apparatus comprising:
an optical assembly configured to receive a target image of a scene; and a reticle visible through the optical assembly, the reticle comprising a pattern of contrasting visual elements including opaque elements and illuminated elements; and wherein the opaque elements visibly contrast with light portions of the target image, and wherein the illuminated elements visibly contrast with dark portions of the target image. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the contrasting visual elements include an illuminate white block and an opaque black block; and
wherein each block has the minimum pixel width to satisfy a visual acuity factor. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
an imaging component configured to capture the target image; a processing component configured to construct the plurality of contrasting visual elements in accordance with a visual acuity factor, and generate an electronic reticle constructed of the contrasting visual elements. 4. The apparatus of claim 3, further comprising a display component configured to display the electronic reticle in combination with the image of the target scene, the electronic reticle being displayed as an overlay on the image of the target scene. 5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the processing component is further configured to determine the pattern of contrasting visual elements for use in constructing the electronic reticle, including alternating illuminated and opaque blocks. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the processing component is further configured to construct the plurality of contrasting visual elements using display configuration information and field of view information; and
wherein the display configuration information includes a display resolution comprising a number of horizontal pixels and a number of vertical pixels. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the reticle is formed by etching the pattern into an optical element of the optical assembly, the etching including a first portion having a visibly opaque color, and a second portion including illuminated elements. 8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the optical element is configured to provide a plurality of magnification levels;
wherein the reticle comprises a first set of contrasting visual elements sized in accordance with a first visual acuity factor associated with a first magnification level, and a second set of contrasting visual elements sized in accordance with a second visual acuity factor associated with a second magnification level; and wherein the first set of contrasting visual elements and the second set of contrasting visual elements have different sizes. 9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein both the first set of contrasting visual elements and the second set of contrasting visual elements are visible in a field of view at the first magnification level, with the second set of contrasting visual elements having a size that is below the first visual acuity factor; and
wherein the second set of contrasting visual elements is visible in the field of view at the second magnification level, and wherein the first set of contrasting visual elements is outside and/or substantially outside the field of view. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus further comprises a virtual reality, augmented reality and/or assisted reality apparatus. 11. A method comprising:
disposing optical elements within a scope to receive a target image of a scene; defining a plurality of contrasting visual elements in accordance with a visual acuity factor; and constructing a visual overlay adapted to be visible in contrast to the target image when viewed through the scope, the visual overlay comprising a pattern of contrasting visual elements including opaque elements and illuminated elements; wherein the opaque elements visibly contrast with light portions of the target image, and wherein the illuminated elements visibly contrast with dark portions of the target image. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the contrasting visual elements include a white block and a black block. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein each block has the minimum pixel width and height to satisfy the visual acuity factor. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein constructing the overlay further comprises determining a fill pattern of contrasting visual elements for use in constructing the overlay. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the fill pattern includes alternating white and black blocks. 16. The method of claim 11 wherein the visual acuity factor is substantially equal to 5 arc-minutes. 17. The method of claim 11 wherein the plurality of contrasting visual elements are defined using display configuration information and field of view information. 18. The method of claim 17 wherein the display configuration information includes a display resolution comprising a number of horizontal pixels and a number of vertical pixels. 19. The method of claim 11 further comprising etching the pattern into an optical element of the scope, the etching including a first portion having a visibly opaque color, and a second portion including illuminated elements. 20. The method of claim 19 further comprising disposing a light emitting diode adjacent to the optical element, the light emitting diode configured to illuminate the illuminated elements during operation. | 2,600 |
342,131 | 16,802,487 | 2,616 | Certain aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to methods and apparatus for minimum scheduling delay signaling. | 1. A method for wireless communications by a user equipment (UE), comprising:
receiving a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) with downlink control information (DCI) signaling a scheduling parameter indicating a scheduling delay between an end of the PDCCH transmission and a beginning of a transmission scheduled by the PDCCH; determining whether a value of the scheduling parameter is below a minimum threshold; treating the DCI as invalid if the value of the scheduling parameter is below the minimum threshold; and communicating the transmission scheduled by the PDCCH if the value of the scheduling parameter is not below the minimum threshold. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein a value of the minimum threshold is signaled per scheduled component carrier (CC) or per UE via at least one of:
DCI, a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE), or radio resource control (RRC) configuration. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein one or multiple values of the minimum threshold is configured per bandwidth part (BWP). 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the value of the minimum threshold used for the determination is based on a currently active BWP. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the at least one action comprises:
determining entries in at least one of a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) symbol allocation table or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) symbol allocation table with a corresponding scheduling parameter below the minimum threshold as at least one of invalid or unusable. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the scheduled transmission comprises an uplink transmission. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the uplink transmission comprises at least one sounding reference signal (SRS) transmitted on the uplink after an aperiodic SRS (A-SRS) request is triggered. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the scheduled transmission comprises a downlink transmission. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the downlink transmission comprises at least one channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS) transmitted on the downlink after an aperiodic CSI (A-CSI) request is triggered. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving signaling indicating the minimum threshold. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the signaling indicates a selection from set of values for the minimum threshold value. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein:
the set of values is signaled via radio resource control (RRC) signaling; and one of the set of values is selected via at least one of: media access control (MAC) control element (CE) or DCI signaling. 13. The method of claim 11, further comprising selecting one of the values based on a traffic load. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein a value of the minimum threshold is signaled per BWP. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein determination of whether the value of the scheduling parameter is below a minimum threshold is performed in orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) symbol resolution or slot resolution, based on a numerology of the PDCCH, the numerology of the transmission scheduled by the PDCCH, the numerology of the currently active BWP, or a reference numerology. 16. An apparatus for wireless communications at a user equipment (UE), comprising:
a processor; memory coupled with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and operable, when executed by the processor, to cause the apparatus to:
receive a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) with downlink control information (DCI) signaling a scheduling parameter indicating a scheduling delay between an end of the PDCCH transmission and a beginning of a transmission scheduled by the PDCCH;
determine whether a value of the scheduling parameter is below a minimum threshold;
treat the DCI as invalid if the value of the scheduling parameter is below the minimum threshold; and
communicate the transmission scheduled by the PDCCH if the value of the scheduling parameter is not below the minimum threshold. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein a value of the minimum threshold is signaled per scheduled component carrier (CC) or per UE via at least one of:
DCI, a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE), or radio resource control (RRC) configuration. 18. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein one or multiple values of the minimum threshold is configured per bandwidth part (BWP). 19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the value of the minimum threshold used for the determination is based on a currently active BWP. 20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the at least one action comprises:
determining entries in at least one of a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) symbol allocation table or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) symbol allocation table with a corresponding scheduling parameter below the minimum threshold as at least one of invalid or unusable. 21. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the scheduled transmission comprises an uplink transmission. 22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the uplink transmission comprises at least one sounding reference signal (SRS) transmitted on the uplink after an aperiodic SRS (A-SRS) request is triggered. 23. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the scheduled transmission comprises a downlink transmission. 24. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the downlink transmission comprises at least one channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS) transmitted on the downlink after an aperiodic CSI (A-CSI) request is triggered. 25. The apparatus of claim 16, further comprising instructions operable to cause the apparatus to receive signaling indicating the minimum threshold. 26. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the signaling indicates a selection from set of values for the minimum threshold value. 27. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein:
the set of values is signaled via radio resource control (RRC) signaling; and one of the set of values is selected via at least one of: media access control (MAC) control element (CE) or DCI signaling. 28. The apparatus of claim 27, further comprising selecting one of the values based on a traffic load. 29. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein a value of the minimum threshold is signaled per BWP. 30. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein determination of whether the value of the scheduling parameter is below a minimum threshold is performed in orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) symbol resolution or slot resolution, based on a numerology of the PDCCH, the numerology of the transmission scheduled by the PDCCH, the numerology of the currently active BWP, or a reference numerology. | Certain aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to methods and apparatus for minimum scheduling delay signaling.1. A method for wireless communications by a user equipment (UE), comprising:
receiving a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) with downlink control information (DCI) signaling a scheduling parameter indicating a scheduling delay between an end of the PDCCH transmission and a beginning of a transmission scheduled by the PDCCH; determining whether a value of the scheduling parameter is below a minimum threshold; treating the DCI as invalid if the value of the scheduling parameter is below the minimum threshold; and communicating the transmission scheduled by the PDCCH if the value of the scheduling parameter is not below the minimum threshold. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein a value of the minimum threshold is signaled per scheduled component carrier (CC) or per UE via at least one of:
DCI, a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE), or radio resource control (RRC) configuration. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein one or multiple values of the minimum threshold is configured per bandwidth part (BWP). 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the value of the minimum threshold used for the determination is based on a currently active BWP. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the at least one action comprises:
determining entries in at least one of a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) symbol allocation table or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) symbol allocation table with a corresponding scheduling parameter below the minimum threshold as at least one of invalid or unusable. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the scheduled transmission comprises an uplink transmission. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the uplink transmission comprises at least one sounding reference signal (SRS) transmitted on the uplink after an aperiodic SRS (A-SRS) request is triggered. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the scheduled transmission comprises a downlink transmission. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the downlink transmission comprises at least one channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS) transmitted on the downlink after an aperiodic CSI (A-CSI) request is triggered. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving signaling indicating the minimum threshold. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the signaling indicates a selection from set of values for the minimum threshold value. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein:
the set of values is signaled via radio resource control (RRC) signaling; and one of the set of values is selected via at least one of: media access control (MAC) control element (CE) or DCI signaling. 13. The method of claim 11, further comprising selecting one of the values based on a traffic load. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein a value of the minimum threshold is signaled per BWP. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein determination of whether the value of the scheduling parameter is below a minimum threshold is performed in orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) symbol resolution or slot resolution, based on a numerology of the PDCCH, the numerology of the transmission scheduled by the PDCCH, the numerology of the currently active BWP, or a reference numerology. 16. An apparatus for wireless communications at a user equipment (UE), comprising:
a processor; memory coupled with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and operable, when executed by the processor, to cause the apparatus to:
receive a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) with downlink control information (DCI) signaling a scheduling parameter indicating a scheduling delay between an end of the PDCCH transmission and a beginning of a transmission scheduled by the PDCCH;
determine whether a value of the scheduling parameter is below a minimum threshold;
treat the DCI as invalid if the value of the scheduling parameter is below the minimum threshold; and
communicate the transmission scheduled by the PDCCH if the value of the scheduling parameter is not below the minimum threshold. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein a value of the minimum threshold is signaled per scheduled component carrier (CC) or per UE via at least one of:
DCI, a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE), or radio resource control (RRC) configuration. 18. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein one or multiple values of the minimum threshold is configured per bandwidth part (BWP). 19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the value of the minimum threshold used for the determination is based on a currently active BWP. 20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the at least one action comprises:
determining entries in at least one of a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) symbol allocation table or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) symbol allocation table with a corresponding scheduling parameter below the minimum threshold as at least one of invalid or unusable. 21. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the scheduled transmission comprises an uplink transmission. 22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the uplink transmission comprises at least one sounding reference signal (SRS) transmitted on the uplink after an aperiodic SRS (A-SRS) request is triggered. 23. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the scheduled transmission comprises a downlink transmission. 24. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the downlink transmission comprises at least one channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS) transmitted on the downlink after an aperiodic CSI (A-CSI) request is triggered. 25. The apparatus of claim 16, further comprising instructions operable to cause the apparatus to receive signaling indicating the minimum threshold. 26. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the signaling indicates a selection from set of values for the minimum threshold value. 27. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein:
the set of values is signaled via radio resource control (RRC) signaling; and one of the set of values is selected via at least one of: media access control (MAC) control element (CE) or DCI signaling. 28. The apparatus of claim 27, further comprising selecting one of the values based on a traffic load. 29. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein a value of the minimum threshold is signaled per BWP. 30. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein determination of whether the value of the scheduling parameter is below a minimum threshold is performed in orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) symbol resolution or slot resolution, based on a numerology of the PDCCH, the numerology of the transmission scheduled by the PDCCH, the numerology of the currently active BWP, or a reference numerology. | 2,600 |
342,132 | 16,802,509 | 2,616 | The application belongs to the technical field of LED display screen box assembly, and relates to a tension lock and LED display screen box. The tension lock comprises a base, a rotating shaft, a shim and a knob, wherein the base is provided with a sliding hole, one end of the rotating shaft is fixedly connected with the knob, the other end of the rotating shaft is inserted into the sliding hole, the shim is rotationally connected with the rotating shaft, and the distance between the shim and the knob is kept constant; Turning the knob can make the rotating shaft rotate and slide along the axial direction of the sliding hole to make the shim move away from or close to the base. The tension lock can effectively improve the installation efficiency of LED display screen box. | 1. A tension lock, comprising a base, a rotating shaft, a shim and a knob, wherein the base is provided with a sliding hole, one end of the rotating shaft is fixedly connected with the knob, the other end of the rotating shaft is inserted into the sliding hole, the shim is rotationally connected with the rotating shaft, and the distance between the shim and the knob is kept constant;
turning the knob can make the rotating shaft rotate and slide along the axial direction of the sliding hole, so that the shim can move away from or close to the base. 2. The tension lock according to claim 1, wherein the rotating shaft comprises a small tube section and a large tube section, the small tube section is fixedly connected with the knob, and the large tube section is inserted into the sliding hole and can slide along the axial direction of the sliding hole;
a step surface is formed between the small tube section and the large tube section, one side surface of the shim is abutted against the step surface, and another side surface of the shim is abutted against the knob. 3. The tension lock according to claim 2, wherein the knob comprises a contact piece and a handle fixedly connected to the contact piece, and the another side surface of the shim is abutted against the side surface of the contact piece facing away from the handle. 4. The tension lock according to claim 2, wherein the shim is provided with a first through hole, and the shim is sleeved on the small tube section through the first through hole. 5. The tension lock according to claim 2, wherein one side of the knob close to the base is provided with a clamping hole, and the small tube section is clamped in the clamping hole. 6. The tension lock according to claim 5, wherein a clamping slot is formed on outer side wall of the small tube section, and a block matched with the clamping slot is formed on inner side wall of the clamping hole. 7. The tension lock according to claim 1, wherein the tension lock further comprises a bolt installed on the rotating shaft;
the base comprises a base plate, and a base column connected to the base plate, the sliding hole is arranged on the base column, the axis of the sliding hole is perpendicular to the base plate, and side wall of the base column is provided with a sliding groove communicated with the sliding hole; when the rotating shaft rotates, the bolt can slide along the sliding groove to make the rotating shaft slide along the axial direction of the sliding hole. 8. The tension lock according to claim 7, wherein the rotating shaft is provided with a second through hole, the bolt is installed in the second through hole, and the axis of the bolt is perpendicular to that of the rotating shaft. 9. The tension lock according to claim 1, wherein the tension lock further comprises an elastomeric bead mounted on the knob; and
a first bead slot and a second bead slot arranged on one side surface of the shim facing the knob; when the knob is rotated to make the shim move away from the base, the elastomeric bead can slide from the first bead slot to the second bead slot; when the knob is rotated to make the shim close to the base, the elastomeric bead can slide from the second bead slot to the first bead slot. 10. An LED display screen box, comprising a rear cover, a power module, an LED display module, a box frame and a tension lock according to claim 1, wherein the box frame is fixedly connected with the LED display module, the power module is installed in the rear cover and located between the rear cover and the box frame, and one side of the power module facing the LED display module is provided with a pin header, the LED display module is provided with a female header matched with the pin header, the box frame is provided with a via hole at a position corresponding to the female header, and the pin header can pass through the via hole and be plugged into the female header;
the base is fixedly connected to the box frame, and the shim is fixedly connected to the rear cover; when the knob is rotated to make the shim close to the base, the rear cover moves toward the LED display module to make the pin header plugged into the female header; when the knob is rotated to make the shim move away from the base, the rear cover moves in a direction away from the LED display module to unplug the pin header from the female header. | The application belongs to the technical field of LED display screen box assembly, and relates to a tension lock and LED display screen box. The tension lock comprises a base, a rotating shaft, a shim and a knob, wherein the base is provided with a sliding hole, one end of the rotating shaft is fixedly connected with the knob, the other end of the rotating shaft is inserted into the sliding hole, the shim is rotationally connected with the rotating shaft, and the distance between the shim and the knob is kept constant; Turning the knob can make the rotating shaft rotate and slide along the axial direction of the sliding hole to make the shim move away from or close to the base. The tension lock can effectively improve the installation efficiency of LED display screen box.1. A tension lock, comprising a base, a rotating shaft, a shim and a knob, wherein the base is provided with a sliding hole, one end of the rotating shaft is fixedly connected with the knob, the other end of the rotating shaft is inserted into the sliding hole, the shim is rotationally connected with the rotating shaft, and the distance between the shim and the knob is kept constant;
turning the knob can make the rotating shaft rotate and slide along the axial direction of the sliding hole, so that the shim can move away from or close to the base. 2. The tension lock according to claim 1, wherein the rotating shaft comprises a small tube section and a large tube section, the small tube section is fixedly connected with the knob, and the large tube section is inserted into the sliding hole and can slide along the axial direction of the sliding hole;
a step surface is formed between the small tube section and the large tube section, one side surface of the shim is abutted against the step surface, and another side surface of the shim is abutted against the knob. 3. The tension lock according to claim 2, wherein the knob comprises a contact piece and a handle fixedly connected to the contact piece, and the another side surface of the shim is abutted against the side surface of the contact piece facing away from the handle. 4. The tension lock according to claim 2, wherein the shim is provided with a first through hole, and the shim is sleeved on the small tube section through the first through hole. 5. The tension lock according to claim 2, wherein one side of the knob close to the base is provided with a clamping hole, and the small tube section is clamped in the clamping hole. 6. The tension lock according to claim 5, wherein a clamping slot is formed on outer side wall of the small tube section, and a block matched with the clamping slot is formed on inner side wall of the clamping hole. 7. The tension lock according to claim 1, wherein the tension lock further comprises a bolt installed on the rotating shaft;
the base comprises a base plate, and a base column connected to the base plate, the sliding hole is arranged on the base column, the axis of the sliding hole is perpendicular to the base plate, and side wall of the base column is provided with a sliding groove communicated with the sliding hole; when the rotating shaft rotates, the bolt can slide along the sliding groove to make the rotating shaft slide along the axial direction of the sliding hole. 8. The tension lock according to claim 7, wherein the rotating shaft is provided with a second through hole, the bolt is installed in the second through hole, and the axis of the bolt is perpendicular to that of the rotating shaft. 9. The tension lock according to claim 1, wherein the tension lock further comprises an elastomeric bead mounted on the knob; and
a first bead slot and a second bead slot arranged on one side surface of the shim facing the knob; when the knob is rotated to make the shim move away from the base, the elastomeric bead can slide from the first bead slot to the second bead slot; when the knob is rotated to make the shim close to the base, the elastomeric bead can slide from the second bead slot to the first bead slot. 10. An LED display screen box, comprising a rear cover, a power module, an LED display module, a box frame and a tension lock according to claim 1, wherein the box frame is fixedly connected with the LED display module, the power module is installed in the rear cover and located between the rear cover and the box frame, and one side of the power module facing the LED display module is provided with a pin header, the LED display module is provided with a female header matched with the pin header, the box frame is provided with a via hole at a position corresponding to the female header, and the pin header can pass through the via hole and be plugged into the female header;
the base is fixedly connected to the box frame, and the shim is fixedly connected to the rear cover; when the knob is rotated to make the shim close to the base, the rear cover moves toward the LED display module to make the pin header plugged into the female header; when the knob is rotated to make the shim move away from the base, the rear cover moves in a direction away from the LED display module to unplug the pin header from the female header. | 2,600 |
342,133 | 16,802,488 | 2,616 | A medical or dental system with at least one first transmitting and/or receiving unit and at least one second transmitting and/or receiving unit, wherein the at least two transmitting and/or receiving units are designed for the capacitive coupling of electric signals into and/or out of a human body, so that an electric path which extends through the human body of the user and/or of the person to be treated can be established for the transmission of electric signals between the at least one first transmitting and/or receiving unit and the at least one second transmitting and/or receiving unit, in order to transmit data between the at least two transmitting and/or receiving units. | 1. A medical or dental system comprising:
a first transmitting and/or receiving unit, wherein the first transmitting and/or receiving unit is configured for capacitive coupling of electrical signals into and/or out of a human body, so that an electric path which extends through a human body of a user of the medical or dental system can be established for the transmission of electric signals between the first transmitting and/or receiving unit and a second transmitting and/or receiving unit in order to transmit electrical signals between the first and second transmitting and/or receiving units, wherein the first transmitting and/or receiving unit is disposed in or at glasses. 2. The medical or dental system according to claim 1, wherein the medical or dental system further comprises a handpiece having the second transmitting and/or receiving unit for capacitive coupling of electrical signals into and/or out of a human body. 3. The medical or dental system according to claim 2, wherein the handpiece further comprises:
a first light-emitting diode for the illumination of the treatment site, a second light-emitting diode for detection of an anomaly, wherein through the electric path which extends through the human body of the user electric signals are transmitted between the first transmitting and/or receiving unit and the second transmitting and/or receiving unit in order to control selective emission of electromagnetic radiation by the first light-emitting diode or the second light-emitting diode. 4. The medical or dental system according to claim 3, wherein the first transmitting or receiving unit is configured to send electrical signals and the second transmitting or receiving unit is configured to receive said electrical signals and to forward the signals to a control unit to automatically activate the first or second light-emitting diode. 5. The medical or dental system according to claim 2, wherein the handpiece is configured to drive a tool operable to treat a treatment site. 6. The medical or dental system according to claim 4, wherein the glasses are configured to send the electrical signals when the glasses are worn by the user. 7. The medical or dental system according to claim 1, wherein the glasses comprise protective goggles. 8. The medical or dental system according to claim 1, wherein the glasses comprise filter glasses for the detection of an anomaly of a tooth. 9. The medical or dental system according to claim 8, wherein the filter glasses comprise filters which are configured to allow radiation emitted from a tooth to be examined to pass through, the wavelength of the radiation being suitable for detecting an anomaly on a tooth. 10. The medical or dental system according to claim 1, wherein the transmitting or receiving unit is located in a temple of the glasses. 11. The medical or dental system according to claim 1, wherein e first transmitting or receiving comprises an energy storage system. 12. The medical or dental system according to claim 2, wherein the second transmitting or receiving unit is located in or at a handle part or holding part of the handpiece. 13. The medical or dental system according to claim 2, wherein the second transmitting or receiving unit is located in or at an actuating or operating element of the handpiece. 14. The medical or dental system according to claim 3, wherein the second light-emitting diode emits electromagnetic radiation which comprises one or more wavelengths ranging from about 380 nm to 420 nm. 15. The medical or dental system according to claim 1, wherein the electrical signals comprise data. 16. A medical or dental system comprising:
glasses having a transmitting unit which is configured for capacitive coupling of electrical signals into a human body, a handpiece having a receiving unit for capacitive coupling of electrical signals out of a human body, wherein an electric path, which extends through the human body of a user of the glasses and the handpiece, can be established for the transmission of the electric signals between the transmitting unit and the receiving unit in order to transmit electrical signals from the transmitting unit to the receiving unit. 17. The medical or dental system according to claim 16, wherein the handpiece further comprises:
a first light-emitting diode for the illumination of the treatment site, a second light-emitting diode for detection of an anomaly, wherein through the electric path which extends through the human body of the user electric signals are transmitted between the transmitting unit and the receiving unit in order to control selective emission of electromagnetic radiation by the first light-emitting diode or the second light-emitting diode. 18. The medical or dental system according to claim 16, wherein the glasses comprise filter glasses for the detection of an anomaly of a tooth which comprise filters which are configured to allow radiation emitted from a tooth to be examined to pass through, the wavelength of the radiation being suitable for detecting an anomaly on a tooth. 19. The medical or dental system according to claim 17, wherein the receiving unit of the handpiece is configured to receive the electrical signal transmitted by the transmitting unit of the filter glasses via the electric path which extends through the human body of the user and to further transmit the electrical signal to a control unit of the medical or dental system, so that the control unit automatically activates the second light-emitting diode for detection of an anomaly at a tooth. | A medical or dental system with at least one first transmitting and/or receiving unit and at least one second transmitting and/or receiving unit, wherein the at least two transmitting and/or receiving units are designed for the capacitive coupling of electric signals into and/or out of a human body, so that an electric path which extends through the human body of the user and/or of the person to be treated can be established for the transmission of electric signals between the at least one first transmitting and/or receiving unit and the at least one second transmitting and/or receiving unit, in order to transmit data between the at least two transmitting and/or receiving units.1. A medical or dental system comprising:
a first transmitting and/or receiving unit, wherein the first transmitting and/or receiving unit is configured for capacitive coupling of electrical signals into and/or out of a human body, so that an electric path which extends through a human body of a user of the medical or dental system can be established for the transmission of electric signals between the first transmitting and/or receiving unit and a second transmitting and/or receiving unit in order to transmit electrical signals between the first and second transmitting and/or receiving units, wherein the first transmitting and/or receiving unit is disposed in or at glasses. 2. The medical or dental system according to claim 1, wherein the medical or dental system further comprises a handpiece having the second transmitting and/or receiving unit for capacitive coupling of electrical signals into and/or out of a human body. 3. The medical or dental system according to claim 2, wherein the handpiece further comprises:
a first light-emitting diode for the illumination of the treatment site, a second light-emitting diode for detection of an anomaly, wherein through the electric path which extends through the human body of the user electric signals are transmitted between the first transmitting and/or receiving unit and the second transmitting and/or receiving unit in order to control selective emission of electromagnetic radiation by the first light-emitting diode or the second light-emitting diode. 4. The medical or dental system according to claim 3, wherein the first transmitting or receiving unit is configured to send electrical signals and the second transmitting or receiving unit is configured to receive said electrical signals and to forward the signals to a control unit to automatically activate the first or second light-emitting diode. 5. The medical or dental system according to claim 2, wherein the handpiece is configured to drive a tool operable to treat a treatment site. 6. The medical or dental system according to claim 4, wherein the glasses are configured to send the electrical signals when the glasses are worn by the user. 7. The medical or dental system according to claim 1, wherein the glasses comprise protective goggles. 8. The medical or dental system according to claim 1, wherein the glasses comprise filter glasses for the detection of an anomaly of a tooth. 9. The medical or dental system according to claim 8, wherein the filter glasses comprise filters which are configured to allow radiation emitted from a tooth to be examined to pass through, the wavelength of the radiation being suitable for detecting an anomaly on a tooth. 10. The medical or dental system according to claim 1, wherein the transmitting or receiving unit is located in a temple of the glasses. 11. The medical or dental system according to claim 1, wherein e first transmitting or receiving comprises an energy storage system. 12. The medical or dental system according to claim 2, wherein the second transmitting or receiving unit is located in or at a handle part or holding part of the handpiece. 13. The medical or dental system according to claim 2, wherein the second transmitting or receiving unit is located in or at an actuating or operating element of the handpiece. 14. The medical or dental system according to claim 3, wherein the second light-emitting diode emits electromagnetic radiation which comprises one or more wavelengths ranging from about 380 nm to 420 nm. 15. The medical or dental system according to claim 1, wherein the electrical signals comprise data. 16. A medical or dental system comprising:
glasses having a transmitting unit which is configured for capacitive coupling of electrical signals into a human body, a handpiece having a receiving unit for capacitive coupling of electrical signals out of a human body, wherein an electric path, which extends through the human body of a user of the glasses and the handpiece, can be established for the transmission of the electric signals between the transmitting unit and the receiving unit in order to transmit electrical signals from the transmitting unit to the receiving unit. 17. The medical or dental system according to claim 16, wherein the handpiece further comprises:
a first light-emitting diode for the illumination of the treatment site, a second light-emitting diode for detection of an anomaly, wherein through the electric path which extends through the human body of the user electric signals are transmitted between the transmitting unit and the receiving unit in order to control selective emission of electromagnetic radiation by the first light-emitting diode or the second light-emitting diode. 18. The medical or dental system according to claim 16, wherein the glasses comprise filter glasses for the detection of an anomaly of a tooth which comprise filters which are configured to allow radiation emitted from a tooth to be examined to pass through, the wavelength of the radiation being suitable for detecting an anomaly on a tooth. 19. The medical or dental system according to claim 17, wherein the receiving unit of the handpiece is configured to receive the electrical signal transmitted by the transmitting unit of the filter glasses via the electric path which extends through the human body of the user and to further transmit the electrical signal to a control unit of the medical or dental system, so that the control unit automatically activates the second light-emitting diode for detection of an anomaly at a tooth. | 2,600 |
342,134 | 16,802,527 | 2,113 | An aspect of the present disclosure enhances efficiency in regression testing of software applications by predicting failures of test cases in a proposed test suite. In an embodiment, a system receives as an input multiple test cases of a test suite, where each test case is specified associated with a case identifier, a version number of the test case, a requirement identifier, and a last run status. The system then predicts a set of test cases expected to fail in a next run of the test suite by providing the input to a model implementing machine learning (ML). According to another aspect, the system also predicts a count of defects expected for each requirement in the next run and a severity for each defect. | 1. A method of enhancing efficiency in regression testing of software applications, the method comprising:
receiving as an input a plurality of test cases of a test suite, wherein each test case is specified associated with a case identifier, a version number of the test case, a requirement identifier, and a last run status; and predicting a set of test cases of said plurality of test cases expected to fail in a next run of said test suite by providing said input to a model implementing machine learning. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein said plurality of test cases are organized into a plurality of test modules, wherein said input further comprises a test module identifier, a run identifier and a defect count for each test case. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising generating additional inputs comprising a test module performance, a module criticality, a defect continuity, a number of modifications made to the test case after said last run and before said next run, and a number of modifications made to the requirement after said last run and before said next run,
wherein said additional inputs are also provided to said model for said predicting. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein said model generates an output comprising a predicted status of each test case in said next run, a count of defects expected for each requirement in said next run and a severity for each defect. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising displaying graphs indicating (A) a count of test cases of said test suite predicted to fail as against requirements, and (B) said count of the defects expected for each requirement. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising implementing said model using a KNN (K Nearest Neighbor) algorithm if said input satisfies a condition, and using a decision tree algorithm otherwise. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein said condition is the number of failed test cases is less than 10% of the passed test cases in said last run. 8. A non-transitory machine readable medium storing one or more sequences of instructions for enhancing efficiency in regression testing of software applications, wherein execution of said one or more instructions by one or more processors contained in said system causes said system to perform the actions of:
receiving as an input a plurality of test cases of a test suite, wherein each test case is specified associated with a case identifier, a version number of the test case, a requirement identifier, and a last run status; and predicting a set of test cases of said plurality of test cases expected to fail in a next run of said test suite by providing said input to a model implementing machine learning. 9. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 8, wherein said plurality of test cases are organized into a plurality of test modules, wherein said input further comprises a test module identifier, a run identifier and a defect count for each test case. 10. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 9, further comprising one or more instructions for generating additional inputs comprising a test module performance, a module criticality, a defect continuity, a number of modifications made to the test case after said last run and before said next run, and a number of modifications made to the requirement after said last run and before said next run,
wherein said additional inputs are also provided to said model for said predicting. 11. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 8, wherein said model generates an output comprising a predicted status of each test case in said next run, a count of defects expected for each requirement in said next run and a severity for each defect. 12. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 11, further comprising one or more instructions for displaying graphs indicating (A) a count of test cases of said test suite predicted to fail as against requirements, and (B) said count of the defects expected for each requirement. 13. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 8, further comprising one or more instructions for implementing said model using a KNN (K Nearest Neighbor) algorithm if said input satisfies a condition, and using a decision tree algorithm otherwise. 14. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 13, wherein said condition is the number of failed test cases is less than 10% of the passed test cases in said last run. 15. A digital processing system comprising:
a processor; a random access memory (RAM); a machine readable medium to store one or more instructions, which when retrieved into said RAM and executed by said processor causes said digital processing system to enhance efficiency in regression testing of software applications, said digital processing system performing the actions of:
receiving as an input a plurality of test cases of a test suite, wherein each test case is specified associated with a case identifier, a version number of the test case, a requirement identifier, and a last run status; and
predicting a set of test cases of said plurality of test cases expected to fail in a next run of said test suite by providing said input to a model implementing machine learning. 16. The digital processing system of claim 15, wherein said plurality of test cases are organized into a plurality of test modules, wherein said input further comprises a test module identifier, a run identifier and a defect count for each test case. 17. The digital processing system of claim 16, further performing the actions of generating additional inputs comprising a test module performance, a module criticality, a defect continuity, a number of modifications made to the test case after said last run and before said next run, and a number of modifications made to the requirement after said last run and before said next run,
wherein said additional inputs are also provided to said model for said predicting. 18. The digital processing system of claim 15, wherein said model generates an output comprising a predicted status of each test case in said next run, a count of defects expected for each requirement in said next run and a severity for each defect,
said digital processing system further performing the actions of displaying graphs indicating (A) a count of test cases of said test suite predicted to fail as against requirements, and (B) said count of the defects expected for each requirement. 19. The digital processing system of claim 15, further performing the actions of implementing said model using a KNN (K Nearest Neighbor) algorithm if said input satisfies a condition, and using a decision tree algorithm otherwise. 20. The digital processing system of claim 19, wherein said condition is the number of failed test cases is less than 10% of the passed test cases in said last run. | An aspect of the present disclosure enhances efficiency in regression testing of software applications by predicting failures of test cases in a proposed test suite. In an embodiment, a system receives as an input multiple test cases of a test suite, where each test case is specified associated with a case identifier, a version number of the test case, a requirement identifier, and a last run status. The system then predicts a set of test cases expected to fail in a next run of the test suite by providing the input to a model implementing machine learning (ML). According to another aspect, the system also predicts a count of defects expected for each requirement in the next run and a severity for each defect.1. A method of enhancing efficiency in regression testing of software applications, the method comprising:
receiving as an input a plurality of test cases of a test suite, wherein each test case is specified associated with a case identifier, a version number of the test case, a requirement identifier, and a last run status; and predicting a set of test cases of said plurality of test cases expected to fail in a next run of said test suite by providing said input to a model implementing machine learning. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein said plurality of test cases are organized into a plurality of test modules, wherein said input further comprises a test module identifier, a run identifier and a defect count for each test case. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising generating additional inputs comprising a test module performance, a module criticality, a defect continuity, a number of modifications made to the test case after said last run and before said next run, and a number of modifications made to the requirement after said last run and before said next run,
wherein said additional inputs are also provided to said model for said predicting. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein said model generates an output comprising a predicted status of each test case in said next run, a count of defects expected for each requirement in said next run and a severity for each defect. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising displaying graphs indicating (A) a count of test cases of said test suite predicted to fail as against requirements, and (B) said count of the defects expected for each requirement. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising implementing said model using a KNN (K Nearest Neighbor) algorithm if said input satisfies a condition, and using a decision tree algorithm otherwise. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein said condition is the number of failed test cases is less than 10% of the passed test cases in said last run. 8. A non-transitory machine readable medium storing one or more sequences of instructions for enhancing efficiency in regression testing of software applications, wherein execution of said one or more instructions by one or more processors contained in said system causes said system to perform the actions of:
receiving as an input a plurality of test cases of a test suite, wherein each test case is specified associated with a case identifier, a version number of the test case, a requirement identifier, and a last run status; and predicting a set of test cases of said plurality of test cases expected to fail in a next run of said test suite by providing said input to a model implementing machine learning. 9. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 8, wherein said plurality of test cases are organized into a plurality of test modules, wherein said input further comprises a test module identifier, a run identifier and a defect count for each test case. 10. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 9, further comprising one or more instructions for generating additional inputs comprising a test module performance, a module criticality, a defect continuity, a number of modifications made to the test case after said last run and before said next run, and a number of modifications made to the requirement after said last run and before said next run,
wherein said additional inputs are also provided to said model for said predicting. 11. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 8, wherein said model generates an output comprising a predicted status of each test case in said next run, a count of defects expected for each requirement in said next run and a severity for each defect. 12. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 11, further comprising one or more instructions for displaying graphs indicating (A) a count of test cases of said test suite predicted to fail as against requirements, and (B) said count of the defects expected for each requirement. 13. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 8, further comprising one or more instructions for implementing said model using a KNN (K Nearest Neighbor) algorithm if said input satisfies a condition, and using a decision tree algorithm otherwise. 14. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 13, wherein said condition is the number of failed test cases is less than 10% of the passed test cases in said last run. 15. A digital processing system comprising:
a processor; a random access memory (RAM); a machine readable medium to store one or more instructions, which when retrieved into said RAM and executed by said processor causes said digital processing system to enhance efficiency in regression testing of software applications, said digital processing system performing the actions of:
receiving as an input a plurality of test cases of a test suite, wherein each test case is specified associated with a case identifier, a version number of the test case, a requirement identifier, and a last run status; and
predicting a set of test cases of said plurality of test cases expected to fail in a next run of said test suite by providing said input to a model implementing machine learning. 16. The digital processing system of claim 15, wherein said plurality of test cases are organized into a plurality of test modules, wherein said input further comprises a test module identifier, a run identifier and a defect count for each test case. 17. The digital processing system of claim 16, further performing the actions of generating additional inputs comprising a test module performance, a module criticality, a defect continuity, a number of modifications made to the test case after said last run and before said next run, and a number of modifications made to the requirement after said last run and before said next run,
wherein said additional inputs are also provided to said model for said predicting. 18. The digital processing system of claim 15, wherein said model generates an output comprising a predicted status of each test case in said next run, a count of defects expected for each requirement in said next run and a severity for each defect,
said digital processing system further performing the actions of displaying graphs indicating (A) a count of test cases of said test suite predicted to fail as against requirements, and (B) said count of the defects expected for each requirement. 19. The digital processing system of claim 15, further performing the actions of implementing said model using a KNN (K Nearest Neighbor) algorithm if said input satisfies a condition, and using a decision tree algorithm otherwise. 20. The digital processing system of claim 19, wherein said condition is the number of failed test cases is less than 10% of the passed test cases in said last run. | 2,100 |
342,135 | 16,802,520 | 3,775 | The surgical system includes an overtube, a sheathing tube, a syringe, a tube, an inner needle, and a storage case that has individual storage parts for individually storing the overtube, the sheathing tube, the syringe, the tube, and the inner needle, respectively. The storage case fixes a first instrument, which is any one of the overtube, the sheathing tube, the syringe, the tube, or the inner needle, to the individual storage part corresponding to the first instrument by using at least one of second instruments which are other instruments stored in the individual storage parts. | 1. A surgical system comprising:
an overtube that guides an insertion part of a medical instrument, which is to be inserted into a body cavity, into the body cavity; a sheathing tube that is sheathed to the overtube and passes through a body wall so as to be inserted into the body cavity; a syringe that is used in combination with the overtube and ejects and sucks a fluid from a nozzle; a tube that has one end connected to the overtube and the other end connected to the nozzle; an inner needle that is inserted into the overtube, the inner needle puncturing the body wall in a state of being combined with the overtube; and a storage case that has individual storage parts for individually storing the overtube, the sheathing tube, the syringe, the tube, and the inner needle, respectively, wherein the storage case fixes a first instrument, which is any one of the overtube, the sheathing tube, the syringe, the tube, or the inner needle, to the individual storage part corresponding to the first instrument by using at least one of second instruments which are other instruments stored in the individual storage parts. 2. The surgical system according to claim 1,
wherein the overtube comprises
an overtube body that has a distal end, a proximal end, and a longitudinal axis,
a first distal end opening and a second distal end opening that are provided at the distal end of the overtube body,
a first proximal end opening and a second proximal end opening that are provided at the proximal end of the overtube body,
a first insertion passage that is provided along the longitudinal axis of the overtube body and allows the first distal end opening and the first proximal end opening to communicate with each other,
a second insertion passage that is provided along the longitudinal axis of the overtube body and allows the second distal end opening and the second proximal end opening to communicate with each other, and
a coupling mechanism that has a first coupling part which is coupled to a first insertion part of a first medical instrument inserted in the first insertion passage and a second coupling part which is coupled to a second insertion part of a second medical instrument inserted in the second insertion passage. 3. The surgical system according to claim 2,
wherein the coupling mechanism has a non-sensing region where any one of the first insertion part or the second insertion part is not interlocked with forward and backward movement of the other one of the first insertion part or the second insertion part and a sensing region where any one of the first insertion part or the second insertion part is interlocked with forward and backward movement of the other one of the first insertion part or the second insertion part. 4. The surgical system according to claim 2,
wherein the overtube comprises
the overtube body,
a slider that is provided inside the overtube body and is movable in an axial direction of the longitudinal axis, the slider having a pair of restricting parts disposed to be spaced apart from each other in the axial direction of the longitudinal axis, and
a fixing tool that is provided in the slider and is movable between the pair of restricting parts in the axial direction of the longitudinal axis,
the slider comprises
a first passage in which the fixing tool moves between the pair of restricting parts in the axial direction of the longitudinal axis,
a second passage into which the first insertion part of the first medical instrument is inserted, and
a first coupling part which is coupled to the first insertion part inserted in the second passage, and
the fixing tool comprises
a third passage into which the second insertion part of the second medical instrument is inserted, and
a second coupling part which is coupled to the second insertion part inserted in the third passage. 5. The surgical system according to claim 2,
wherein the coupling mechanism comprises
a partition wall member that is provided inside the overtube body and extends along the longitudinal axis, the partition wall member having a partition wall between the first insertion passage and the second insertion passage,
a first fixing tool that has the first coupling part and is movable forward and backward along the first insertion passage,
a second fixing tool that has the second coupling part and is movable forward and backward along the second insertion passage, and
a slider that is externally fitted to an outer peripheral part of the partition wall member and is movable forward and backward along the longitudinal axis with respect to the partition wall member, the slider having a sensing region where any one of the first fixing tool or the second fixing tool is moved forward and backward in an interlocking manner with forward and backward movement of the other one of the first fixing tool or the second fixing tool. 6. The surgical system according to claim 5,
wherein the slider further has a non-sensing region where any one of the first fixing tool or the second fixing tool is not moved forward and backward with respect to forward and backward movement of the other one of the first fixing tool or the second fixing tool. 7. The surgical system according to claim 5,
wherein the slider has a first engaging part that is engaged with the first fixing tool and a second engaging part that is engaged with the second fixing tool, the first engaging part has a first restricting part that restricts forward and backward movement of the first fixing tool in a first range, and the second engaging part has a second restricting part that restricts forward and backward movement of the second fixing tool in a second range different from the first range. 8. The surgical system according to claim 5,
wherein the slider has a first engaging part that is engaged with the first fixing tool and a second engaging part that is engaged with the second fixing tool, and at least one of the first engaging part or the second engaging part allows movement of the corresponding fixing tool in a direction along the longitudinal axis. 9. The surgical system according to claim 5,
wherein the slider has a first engaging part that is engaged with the first fixing tool and a second engaging part that is engaged with the second fixing tool, and at least one of the first engaging part or the second engaging part allows rotation of the corresponding fixing tool in a direction around an axis. 10. The surgical system according to claim 5,
wherein the partition wall member has a first guide groove constituting a part of the first insertion passage and a second guide groove constituting a part of the second insertion passage. 11. The surgical system according to claim 2,
wherein the first insertion passage and the second insertion passage are disposed so as to be parallel to each other. 12. The surgical system according to claim 2,
wherein the first insertion passage and the second insertion passage are disposed so as to obliquely intersect each other. 13. The surgical system according to claim 2,
wherein the inner needle comprises
a first needle part that has a first distal end part and is inserted into the first insertion passage,
a second needle part that has a second distal end part and is inserted into the second insertion passage,
a first cutting edge that is formed at the first distal end part and has a length component orthogonal to the longitudinal axis in a state where the overtube and the inner needle are combined,
a second cutting edge that is formed at the second distal end part and has a length component orthogonal to the longitudinal axis in a state where the overtube and the inner needle are combined, and
a positioning part that defines a position of the first distal end part with respect to the first distal end opening and a position of the second distal end part with respect to the second distal end opening in a state where the overtube and the inner needle are combined,
in a case where the first cutting edge and the second cutting edge are projected on a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis in a state where the overtube and the inner needle are combined, the first cutting edge and the second cutting edge are disposed along the same straight line, and in the combined state, the first distal end part is disposed closer to a proximal end side of the overtube body than the second distal end part is. 14. The surgical system according to claim 13,
wherein in a case where the first cutting edge and the second cutting edge are projected on the plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis in a state where the overtube and the inner needle are combined, the first cutting edge and the second cutting edge are disposed on the same straight line. 15. The surgical system according to claim 13,
wherein a tapered part that tapers off toward a distal end is provided on a distal end side of the overtube body, and the tapered part has the second distal end opening and the first distal end opening that is disposed closer to the proximal end side of the overtube body than the second distal end opening is. 16. The surgical system according to claim 15,
wherein the second distal end opening is open in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, and the first distal end opening is open in an oblique direction with respect to the longitudinal axis. 17. The surgical system according to claim 13,
wherein the second distal end part has an inclined surface that tapers off toward a distal end of the second distal end part, and the inclined surface is provided at a position protruding from the second distal end opening in a case of being positioned by the positioning part, and a pair of the second cutting edges is provided on the inclined surface, and the pair of second cutting edges is disposed at positions symmetrical to each other with respect to a central axis of the second needle part. 18. The surgical system according to claim 13,
wherein the first distal end part has a distal end surface disposed along an opening surface of the first distal end opening in a case of being positioned by the positioning part, and the first cutting edge is provided on the distal end surface. 19. The surgical system according to claim 2,
wherein the coupling mechanism comprises
a partition wall member that is provided inside the overtube body and extends along the longitudinal axis, the partition wall member having a partition wall between the first insertion passage and the second insertion passage,
a first fixing tool that has the first coupling part and is movable forward and backward along the first insertion passage,
a second fixing tool that has the second coupling part and is movable forward and backward along the second insertion passage, and
a slider that is externally fitted to an outer peripheral part of the partition wall member and is movable forward and backward along the longitudinal axis with respect to the partition wall member in a third range, the slider comprising the first fixing tool and the second fixing tool,
any one of the first insertion passage or the second insertion passage is an endoscope insertion passage into which an insertion part of an endoscope is inserted so as to be movable forward and backward,
any one of the first fixing tool or the second fixing tool is an endoscope fixing tool that moves along the endoscope insertion passage and is coupled to the insertion part of the endoscope,
the overtube comprises a fluid passage including a fluid supply and discharge port that is open into the distal end side of the endoscope insertion passage and a proximal end side connection port that is connected to the one end of the tube, and in a case where the slider moves to a proximal end of the third range in a state where the insertion part of the endoscope is coupled to the endoscope fixing tool, the slider positions a distal end of the insertion part of the endoscope at a position closer to a proximal end side of the overtube body than a distal end side end part of the fluid supply and discharge port. 20. The surgical system according to claim 1,
wherein the sheathing tube comprises
a sheathing tube body that has a tubular shape of which a longitudinal axis is a central axis, the sheathing tube body being sheathed to an outer peripheral surface of the overtube,
a rotation restricting part that is formed on an outer peripheral surface of the sheathing tube body and restricts rotation of the sheathing tube body with respect to the body wall in a rotation direction with the longitudinal axis as a center, and
a movement restricting part that is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the sheathing tube body and restricts forward and backward movement of the sheathing tube body with respect to the body wall in an axial direction of the longitudinal axis. | The surgical system includes an overtube, a sheathing tube, a syringe, a tube, an inner needle, and a storage case that has individual storage parts for individually storing the overtube, the sheathing tube, the syringe, the tube, and the inner needle, respectively. The storage case fixes a first instrument, which is any one of the overtube, the sheathing tube, the syringe, the tube, or the inner needle, to the individual storage part corresponding to the first instrument by using at least one of second instruments which are other instruments stored in the individual storage parts.1. A surgical system comprising:
an overtube that guides an insertion part of a medical instrument, which is to be inserted into a body cavity, into the body cavity; a sheathing tube that is sheathed to the overtube and passes through a body wall so as to be inserted into the body cavity; a syringe that is used in combination with the overtube and ejects and sucks a fluid from a nozzle; a tube that has one end connected to the overtube and the other end connected to the nozzle; an inner needle that is inserted into the overtube, the inner needle puncturing the body wall in a state of being combined with the overtube; and a storage case that has individual storage parts for individually storing the overtube, the sheathing tube, the syringe, the tube, and the inner needle, respectively, wherein the storage case fixes a first instrument, which is any one of the overtube, the sheathing tube, the syringe, the tube, or the inner needle, to the individual storage part corresponding to the first instrument by using at least one of second instruments which are other instruments stored in the individual storage parts. 2. The surgical system according to claim 1,
wherein the overtube comprises
an overtube body that has a distal end, a proximal end, and a longitudinal axis,
a first distal end opening and a second distal end opening that are provided at the distal end of the overtube body,
a first proximal end opening and a second proximal end opening that are provided at the proximal end of the overtube body,
a first insertion passage that is provided along the longitudinal axis of the overtube body and allows the first distal end opening and the first proximal end opening to communicate with each other,
a second insertion passage that is provided along the longitudinal axis of the overtube body and allows the second distal end opening and the second proximal end opening to communicate with each other, and
a coupling mechanism that has a first coupling part which is coupled to a first insertion part of a first medical instrument inserted in the first insertion passage and a second coupling part which is coupled to a second insertion part of a second medical instrument inserted in the second insertion passage. 3. The surgical system according to claim 2,
wherein the coupling mechanism has a non-sensing region where any one of the first insertion part or the second insertion part is not interlocked with forward and backward movement of the other one of the first insertion part or the second insertion part and a sensing region where any one of the first insertion part or the second insertion part is interlocked with forward and backward movement of the other one of the first insertion part or the second insertion part. 4. The surgical system according to claim 2,
wherein the overtube comprises
the overtube body,
a slider that is provided inside the overtube body and is movable in an axial direction of the longitudinal axis, the slider having a pair of restricting parts disposed to be spaced apart from each other in the axial direction of the longitudinal axis, and
a fixing tool that is provided in the slider and is movable between the pair of restricting parts in the axial direction of the longitudinal axis,
the slider comprises
a first passage in which the fixing tool moves between the pair of restricting parts in the axial direction of the longitudinal axis,
a second passage into which the first insertion part of the first medical instrument is inserted, and
a first coupling part which is coupled to the first insertion part inserted in the second passage, and
the fixing tool comprises
a third passage into which the second insertion part of the second medical instrument is inserted, and
a second coupling part which is coupled to the second insertion part inserted in the third passage. 5. The surgical system according to claim 2,
wherein the coupling mechanism comprises
a partition wall member that is provided inside the overtube body and extends along the longitudinal axis, the partition wall member having a partition wall between the first insertion passage and the second insertion passage,
a first fixing tool that has the first coupling part and is movable forward and backward along the first insertion passage,
a second fixing tool that has the second coupling part and is movable forward and backward along the second insertion passage, and
a slider that is externally fitted to an outer peripheral part of the partition wall member and is movable forward and backward along the longitudinal axis with respect to the partition wall member, the slider having a sensing region where any one of the first fixing tool or the second fixing tool is moved forward and backward in an interlocking manner with forward and backward movement of the other one of the first fixing tool or the second fixing tool. 6. The surgical system according to claim 5,
wherein the slider further has a non-sensing region where any one of the first fixing tool or the second fixing tool is not moved forward and backward with respect to forward and backward movement of the other one of the first fixing tool or the second fixing tool. 7. The surgical system according to claim 5,
wherein the slider has a first engaging part that is engaged with the first fixing tool and a second engaging part that is engaged with the second fixing tool, the first engaging part has a first restricting part that restricts forward and backward movement of the first fixing tool in a first range, and the second engaging part has a second restricting part that restricts forward and backward movement of the second fixing tool in a second range different from the first range. 8. The surgical system according to claim 5,
wherein the slider has a first engaging part that is engaged with the first fixing tool and a second engaging part that is engaged with the second fixing tool, and at least one of the first engaging part or the second engaging part allows movement of the corresponding fixing tool in a direction along the longitudinal axis. 9. The surgical system according to claim 5,
wherein the slider has a first engaging part that is engaged with the first fixing tool and a second engaging part that is engaged with the second fixing tool, and at least one of the first engaging part or the second engaging part allows rotation of the corresponding fixing tool in a direction around an axis. 10. The surgical system according to claim 5,
wherein the partition wall member has a first guide groove constituting a part of the first insertion passage and a second guide groove constituting a part of the second insertion passage. 11. The surgical system according to claim 2,
wherein the first insertion passage and the second insertion passage are disposed so as to be parallel to each other. 12. The surgical system according to claim 2,
wherein the first insertion passage and the second insertion passage are disposed so as to obliquely intersect each other. 13. The surgical system according to claim 2,
wherein the inner needle comprises
a first needle part that has a first distal end part and is inserted into the first insertion passage,
a second needle part that has a second distal end part and is inserted into the second insertion passage,
a first cutting edge that is formed at the first distal end part and has a length component orthogonal to the longitudinal axis in a state where the overtube and the inner needle are combined,
a second cutting edge that is formed at the second distal end part and has a length component orthogonal to the longitudinal axis in a state where the overtube and the inner needle are combined, and
a positioning part that defines a position of the first distal end part with respect to the first distal end opening and a position of the second distal end part with respect to the second distal end opening in a state where the overtube and the inner needle are combined,
in a case where the first cutting edge and the second cutting edge are projected on a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis in a state where the overtube and the inner needle are combined, the first cutting edge and the second cutting edge are disposed along the same straight line, and in the combined state, the first distal end part is disposed closer to a proximal end side of the overtube body than the second distal end part is. 14. The surgical system according to claim 13,
wherein in a case where the first cutting edge and the second cutting edge are projected on the plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis in a state where the overtube and the inner needle are combined, the first cutting edge and the second cutting edge are disposed on the same straight line. 15. The surgical system according to claim 13,
wherein a tapered part that tapers off toward a distal end is provided on a distal end side of the overtube body, and the tapered part has the second distal end opening and the first distal end opening that is disposed closer to the proximal end side of the overtube body than the second distal end opening is. 16. The surgical system according to claim 15,
wherein the second distal end opening is open in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, and the first distal end opening is open in an oblique direction with respect to the longitudinal axis. 17. The surgical system according to claim 13,
wherein the second distal end part has an inclined surface that tapers off toward a distal end of the second distal end part, and the inclined surface is provided at a position protruding from the second distal end opening in a case of being positioned by the positioning part, and a pair of the second cutting edges is provided on the inclined surface, and the pair of second cutting edges is disposed at positions symmetrical to each other with respect to a central axis of the second needle part. 18. The surgical system according to claim 13,
wherein the first distal end part has a distal end surface disposed along an opening surface of the first distal end opening in a case of being positioned by the positioning part, and the first cutting edge is provided on the distal end surface. 19. The surgical system according to claim 2,
wherein the coupling mechanism comprises
a partition wall member that is provided inside the overtube body and extends along the longitudinal axis, the partition wall member having a partition wall between the first insertion passage and the second insertion passage,
a first fixing tool that has the first coupling part and is movable forward and backward along the first insertion passage,
a second fixing tool that has the second coupling part and is movable forward and backward along the second insertion passage, and
a slider that is externally fitted to an outer peripheral part of the partition wall member and is movable forward and backward along the longitudinal axis with respect to the partition wall member in a third range, the slider comprising the first fixing tool and the second fixing tool,
any one of the first insertion passage or the second insertion passage is an endoscope insertion passage into which an insertion part of an endoscope is inserted so as to be movable forward and backward,
any one of the first fixing tool or the second fixing tool is an endoscope fixing tool that moves along the endoscope insertion passage and is coupled to the insertion part of the endoscope,
the overtube comprises a fluid passage including a fluid supply and discharge port that is open into the distal end side of the endoscope insertion passage and a proximal end side connection port that is connected to the one end of the tube, and in a case where the slider moves to a proximal end of the third range in a state where the insertion part of the endoscope is coupled to the endoscope fixing tool, the slider positions a distal end of the insertion part of the endoscope at a position closer to a proximal end side of the overtube body than a distal end side end part of the fluid supply and discharge port. 20. The surgical system according to claim 1,
wherein the sheathing tube comprises
a sheathing tube body that has a tubular shape of which a longitudinal axis is a central axis, the sheathing tube body being sheathed to an outer peripheral surface of the overtube,
a rotation restricting part that is formed on an outer peripheral surface of the sheathing tube body and restricts rotation of the sheathing tube body with respect to the body wall in a rotation direction with the longitudinal axis as a center, and
a movement restricting part that is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the sheathing tube body and restricts forward and backward movement of the sheathing tube body with respect to the body wall in an axial direction of the longitudinal axis. | 3,700 |
342,136 | 16,802,508 | 3,775 | A mobile terminal is provided. The mobile terminal includes at least one processor configured to divide one image into a plurality of partial images, perform first resolution processing on a first partial image among the plurality of partial images, perform second resolution processing on a second partial image partially overlapping the first partial image among the plurality of partial images, perform overlapping processing on an overlapping region of the first partial image and the second partial image by using “first result data by the first resolution processing and second result data by the second resolution processing” in the overlapping region, and display an image obtained by connecting a non-overlapping region of the first partial image on which the first resolution processing is performed, the overlapping region on which the overlapping processing is performed, and a non-overlapping region of the second partial image on which the second resolution processing is performed. | 1. A mobile terminal comprising:
a display; at least one memory; and at least one processor configured to:
divide one image into a plurality of partial images;
perform first resolution processing on a first partial image among the plurality of partial images;
perform second resolution processing on a second partial image partially overlapping the first partial image among the plurality of partial images;
perform overlapping processing on an overlapping region of the first partial image and the second partial image by using “first result data by the first resolution processing and second result data by the second resolution processing” in the overlapping region; and
display an image obtained by connecting a non-overlapping region of the first partial image on which the first resolution processing is performed, the overlapping region on which the overlapping processing is performed, and a non-overlapping region of the second partial image on which the second resolution processing is performed. 2. The mobile terminal according to claim 1, wherein the first resolution processing is heavy super resolution (SR) processing, and
wherein the second resolution processing is light SR processing. 3. The mobile terminal according to claim 2, wherein the at least one processor is configured to:
assign a first weight to the first result data by the heavy SR processing on the overlapping region; assign a second weight to the second result data by the light SR processing on the overlapping region; and perform overlapping processing on the overlapping region by combining the first result data to which the first weight is assigned and the second result data to which the second weight is assigned. 4. The mobile terminal according to claim 3, wherein the first partial image on which the heavy SR processing is performed includes more edge components than the second partial image on which the light SR processing is performed. 5. The mobile terminal according to claim 3, wherein the first weight assigned to the first result data is larger than the second weight assigned to the second result data. 6. The mobile terminal according to claim 3, wherein the first weight assigned to the first result data increases toward a portion closer to the non-overlapping region of the first partial image, and
wherein the second weight assigned to the second result data increases toward a portion closer to the non-overlapping region of the second partial image. 7. The mobile terminal according to claim 2, wherein the at least one processor is configured to:
perform the heavy SR processing on the first partial image by providing the first partial image to a heavy SR model and obtaining third result data outputted by the heavy SR model, and perform the light SR processing on the second partial image by providing the second partial image to a light SR model and obtaining fourth result data outputted by the light SR model. 8. The mobile terminal according to claim 2, wherein the at least one processor is configured to perform the heavy SR processing on the first partial image by providing the first partial image to a heavy SR model to obtain fifth result data, providing the first partial image to a light SR model to obtain sixth result data, and selecting the fifth result data among the fifth result data and the sixth result data. 9. The mobile terminal according to claim 8, wherein the at least one processor is configured to select the fifth result data among the fifth result data and the sixth result data if a difference between the fifth result data and the sixth result data is larger than a threshold value. 10. The mobile terminal according to claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is configured to perform the light SR processing on the second partial image by providing the second partial image to a heavy SR model to obtain seventh result data, providing the second partial image to a light SR model to obtain eighth result data, and selecting the eighth result data among the seventh result data and the eighth result data. 11. The mobile terminal according to claim 1, wherein the first resolution processing is SR processing, and
wherein the second resolution processing is interpolation processing. 12. The mobile terminal according to claim 11, wherein the at least one processor is configured to perform the SR processing on the first partial image by providing the first partial image to an SR model to obtain ninth result data, performing interpolation processing on the first partial image to obtain tenth result data, and selecting the ninth result data among the ninth result data and the tenth result data. 13. The mobile terminal according to claim 12, wherein the at least one processor is configured to select the ninth result data among the ninth result data and the tenth result data if a difference between the ninth result data and the tenth result data is larger than a threshold value. 14. An image resolution processing method comprising:
dividing one image into a plurality of partial images; performing first resolution processing on a first partial image among the plurality of partial images; performing second resolution processing on a second partial image partially overlapping the first partial image among the plurality of partial images; performing overlapping processing on an overlapping region of the first partial image and the second partial image by using “first result data by the first resolution processing and second result data by the second resolution processing” in the overlapping region; and display an image obtained by connecting a non-overlapping region of the first partial image on which the first resolution processing is performed, the overlapping region on which the overlapping processing is performed, and a non-overlapping region of the second partial image on which the second resolution processing is performed. 15. The image resolution processing method according to claim 14, wherein the first resolution processing is heavy super resolution (SR) processing, and
wherein the second resolution processing is light SR processing. 16. The image resolution processing method according to claim 15, wherein the performing of the overlapping processing on the overlapping region comprises:
assigning a first weight to the first result data by the heavy SR processing on the overlapping region; assigning a second weight to the second result data by the light SR processing on the overlapping region; and performing overlapping processing on the overlapping region by combining the first result data to which the first weight is assigned and the second result data to which the second weight is assigned. 17. The image resolution processing method according to claim 16, wherein the first partial image on which the heavy SR processing is performed includes more edge components than the second partial image on which the light SR processing is performed. 18. The image resolution processing method according to claim 16, wherein the first weight assigned to the first result data is larger than the second weight assigned to the second result data. 19. The image resolution processing method according to claim 16, wherein the first weight assigned to the first result data increases toward a portion closer to the non-overlapping region of the first partial image, and
wherein the second weight assigned to the second result data increases toward a portion closer to the non-overlapping region of the second partial image. 20. The image resolution processing method according to claim 15, wherein the performing of the first resolution processing on the first partial image comprises performing the heavy SR processing on the first partial image by providing the first partial image to a heavy SR model and obtaining third result data outputted by the heavy SR model, and
wherein the performing of the second resolution processing on the second partial image partially overlapping the first partial image comprises performing the light SR processing on the second partial image by providing the second partial image to a light SR model and obtaining fourth result data outputted by the light SR model. | A mobile terminal is provided. The mobile terminal includes at least one processor configured to divide one image into a plurality of partial images, perform first resolution processing on a first partial image among the plurality of partial images, perform second resolution processing on a second partial image partially overlapping the first partial image among the plurality of partial images, perform overlapping processing on an overlapping region of the first partial image and the second partial image by using “first result data by the first resolution processing and second result data by the second resolution processing” in the overlapping region, and display an image obtained by connecting a non-overlapping region of the first partial image on which the first resolution processing is performed, the overlapping region on which the overlapping processing is performed, and a non-overlapping region of the second partial image on which the second resolution processing is performed.1. A mobile terminal comprising:
a display; at least one memory; and at least one processor configured to:
divide one image into a plurality of partial images;
perform first resolution processing on a first partial image among the plurality of partial images;
perform second resolution processing on a second partial image partially overlapping the first partial image among the plurality of partial images;
perform overlapping processing on an overlapping region of the first partial image and the second partial image by using “first result data by the first resolution processing and second result data by the second resolution processing” in the overlapping region; and
display an image obtained by connecting a non-overlapping region of the first partial image on which the first resolution processing is performed, the overlapping region on which the overlapping processing is performed, and a non-overlapping region of the second partial image on which the second resolution processing is performed. 2. The mobile terminal according to claim 1, wherein the first resolution processing is heavy super resolution (SR) processing, and
wherein the second resolution processing is light SR processing. 3. The mobile terminal according to claim 2, wherein the at least one processor is configured to:
assign a first weight to the first result data by the heavy SR processing on the overlapping region; assign a second weight to the second result data by the light SR processing on the overlapping region; and perform overlapping processing on the overlapping region by combining the first result data to which the first weight is assigned and the second result data to which the second weight is assigned. 4. The mobile terminal according to claim 3, wherein the first partial image on which the heavy SR processing is performed includes more edge components than the second partial image on which the light SR processing is performed. 5. The mobile terminal according to claim 3, wherein the first weight assigned to the first result data is larger than the second weight assigned to the second result data. 6. The mobile terminal according to claim 3, wherein the first weight assigned to the first result data increases toward a portion closer to the non-overlapping region of the first partial image, and
wherein the second weight assigned to the second result data increases toward a portion closer to the non-overlapping region of the second partial image. 7. The mobile terminal according to claim 2, wherein the at least one processor is configured to:
perform the heavy SR processing on the first partial image by providing the first partial image to a heavy SR model and obtaining third result data outputted by the heavy SR model, and perform the light SR processing on the second partial image by providing the second partial image to a light SR model and obtaining fourth result data outputted by the light SR model. 8. The mobile terminal according to claim 2, wherein the at least one processor is configured to perform the heavy SR processing on the first partial image by providing the first partial image to a heavy SR model to obtain fifth result data, providing the first partial image to a light SR model to obtain sixth result data, and selecting the fifth result data among the fifth result data and the sixth result data. 9. The mobile terminal according to claim 8, wherein the at least one processor is configured to select the fifth result data among the fifth result data and the sixth result data if a difference between the fifth result data and the sixth result data is larger than a threshold value. 10. The mobile terminal according to claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is configured to perform the light SR processing on the second partial image by providing the second partial image to a heavy SR model to obtain seventh result data, providing the second partial image to a light SR model to obtain eighth result data, and selecting the eighth result data among the seventh result data and the eighth result data. 11. The mobile terminal according to claim 1, wherein the first resolution processing is SR processing, and
wherein the second resolution processing is interpolation processing. 12. The mobile terminal according to claim 11, wherein the at least one processor is configured to perform the SR processing on the first partial image by providing the first partial image to an SR model to obtain ninth result data, performing interpolation processing on the first partial image to obtain tenth result data, and selecting the ninth result data among the ninth result data and the tenth result data. 13. The mobile terminal according to claim 12, wherein the at least one processor is configured to select the ninth result data among the ninth result data and the tenth result data if a difference between the ninth result data and the tenth result data is larger than a threshold value. 14. An image resolution processing method comprising:
dividing one image into a plurality of partial images; performing first resolution processing on a first partial image among the plurality of partial images; performing second resolution processing on a second partial image partially overlapping the first partial image among the plurality of partial images; performing overlapping processing on an overlapping region of the first partial image and the second partial image by using “first result data by the first resolution processing and second result data by the second resolution processing” in the overlapping region; and display an image obtained by connecting a non-overlapping region of the first partial image on which the first resolution processing is performed, the overlapping region on which the overlapping processing is performed, and a non-overlapping region of the second partial image on which the second resolution processing is performed. 15. The image resolution processing method according to claim 14, wherein the first resolution processing is heavy super resolution (SR) processing, and
wherein the second resolution processing is light SR processing. 16. The image resolution processing method according to claim 15, wherein the performing of the overlapping processing on the overlapping region comprises:
assigning a first weight to the first result data by the heavy SR processing on the overlapping region; assigning a second weight to the second result data by the light SR processing on the overlapping region; and performing overlapping processing on the overlapping region by combining the first result data to which the first weight is assigned and the second result data to which the second weight is assigned. 17. The image resolution processing method according to claim 16, wherein the first partial image on which the heavy SR processing is performed includes more edge components than the second partial image on which the light SR processing is performed. 18. The image resolution processing method according to claim 16, wherein the first weight assigned to the first result data is larger than the second weight assigned to the second result data. 19. The image resolution processing method according to claim 16, wherein the first weight assigned to the first result data increases toward a portion closer to the non-overlapping region of the first partial image, and
wherein the second weight assigned to the second result data increases toward a portion closer to the non-overlapping region of the second partial image. 20. The image resolution processing method according to claim 15, wherein the performing of the first resolution processing on the first partial image comprises performing the heavy SR processing on the first partial image by providing the first partial image to a heavy SR model and obtaining third result data outputted by the heavy SR model, and
wherein the performing of the second resolution processing on the second partial image partially overlapping the first partial image comprises performing the light SR processing on the second partial image by providing the second partial image to a light SR model and obtaining fourth result data outputted by the light SR model. | 3,700 |
342,137 | 16,802,525 | 3,775 | Disclosed is an apparatus and method for exercising, strengthening, energizing and relieving portions of the body. The invention is the combination of the Vibrating, Massaging Sneakers interconnecting with the Mini Sit Down Leg Exerciser Connection with Adjustable/Stretchable hand held exercising cords together creates a Full Body mini exercising device that enhances health, fitness and wellness. The Sneakers are equipped with varying Massage Types and Intensity, including Heating Therapy, Air Compression, Bi-Directional Rolling/Kneading apparatus, with small vibrators/massagers embedded in the Therapeutic Compartments of Sneakers, to provide maximum effect to various Pressure Points of user's feet. The inter-connectable Leg Exerciser with Adjustable, Stretchable Hand held Exercising Cords provides added benefits of toning and strengthening the User's upper body, arms, legs, ankles, and feet, creating a Full Body Exercising Mechanism. Benefits to users of the invented, are relief from aches, pains, muscular buildup, stimulation of circulation, stress, overall improvements. | 1. The invention of a combined Vibrating, Massaging Sneaker interconnecting with a Mini Compressible Leg Exerciser that produces a Mini Full Body Exercising Mechanism. 2. The Vibrating, Massaging Sneakers as is claimed in claim 1 is a foot Massager & Circulation machine, that is inter-connectable with the Leg Exerciser Apparatus, and the Adjustable, Stretchable Hand held Exercising Cords, to create a Multi-Unit, Full Body Exercising Mechanism. 3. The Mini Sit Down Leg Exerciser: as is claimed in claim 2 interconnects with the Vibrating, Massaging Sneakers for the added benefits of toning and strengthening the User's upper body, arms, legs, ankles, and feet. 4. The Vibrating Sneakers as is claimed in claim 1 is equipped with a Therapeutic Compartment Device located in a well-like cavity within the bottom layer of each Sneaker. 5. The Vibrating, Massaging Sneakers as is claimed in claim 4 consist of two protective layers of non-breakable light weight, composite material, that is located above and below the Therapeutic Compartment Device with a wide opening in the center of the Top layer, to unhinder the effects of the massage. 6. The Vibrating, Massaging Sneakers as is claimed in claim 4 has a Heating Element inside the Therapeutic Compartment that is used to supply surrounding heat function throughout the Sneakers, which is positioned on each side of the Vibration Coins, above the Compartment Motor and the Rolling Ball elements, and provides three levels of varying temperature adjustments. 7. The Vibrating, Massaging Sneakers as is claimed in claim 2 has a Timer Control Settings with multiple Auto Shut-Off timing options for safety, and the Heating Element is built with an Overheat Protection feature, and encompasses up to four alternating Pre-Programmed massage techniques that automatically switches to the next technique after five minutes with three levels of intensity and auto stop feature. 8. The Vibrating, Massaging Sneakers as is claimed in claim 2 is created with an extra inner lining designed to be Pockets for the maneuvering of Air flow, and is equipped with an Air Compression/Acupressure Motor that is located in the Therapeutic Compartment, and is used to inflate/deflate the Air Pockets behind the Sneaker's inner lining. 9. The Vibrating Sneakers as is claimed in claim 4 provides wrap around Air Compression/Acupressure that inflates and deflates, beginning slowly and gradually increasing to the strength of the desired setting and is comprised of up to four different Settings that supplies the surrounding inner surface of the sneakers from the sole of feet up above the ankles with added massaging pressure. 10. The Vibrating, Massaging Sneakers as is claimed in claim 4 is equipped with a Rolling/Kneading element that is located in the Therapeutic Compartment, and consists of a Bi-Directional wavy element which holds and supports the Ball rolling elements which has multiple Bi-Directional rotating massage heads that provides full-coverage massaging pressure to the sole of the feet, from heel to toe and encompasses up to four levels of intensity and up to six choices of motions. 11. The Vibrating, Massaging Sneakers as is claimed in claim 4 has a Percussion feature that utilizes the Bi-Directional element to move in an Up and Down hammering motion with up to twelve percussion heads (up to six in each Sneaker) and three setting adjustments for deep penetrating percussive therapy. 12. The Vibrating, Massaging Sneakers as is claimed in claim 4 is built with lead wires from the massaging adjustment manual selective control unit that operates the stimulating vibration coins, which is placed on the feet pressure point schematic in the Therapeutic Compartment, underneath the sneaker's inner sole. 13. The Vibrating, Massaging Sneakers as is claimed in claim 2 has up to five manual Adjustable speed levels of vibration, up to six vibratory stimulating modes and features gradual vibration ramp-up from initial start to selected manual setting. 14. The Vibrating, Massaging Sneakers as is claimed in claim 1 is equipped with a battery holder that is contained on the back side of the Sneaker, and is energized by a Rechargeable (Lithium Ion Batteries) with up to eight hours of operation per charge. 15. The Vibrating, Massaging Sneakers as is claimed in claim 1 positions the Manual Control unit around the Top Neck portion of the Sneaker which consist of all operable selections, and encompasses both Auto and Manual working abilities, and is also controlled via Wireless Remote Control for portability, and Massage App for modernized Electronic connections. 16. The Vibrating, Massaging Sneakers as is claimed in claim 1 is built with locking devices for connecting to the Mini Sit Down Leg Exerciser Connection that is located along the lower side of the sneakers. 17. The Mini Sit Down Leg Exerciser Connection: as is claimed in claim 3 that interconnects with the Vibrating, Massaging Sneakers, is constructed with a strong, grainy, non-breakable composite material that is a rectangular shape apparatus having two long sides, two short sides, a top layer and a bottom layer, and is comprised of a bottom outer layer created from a thick skid resistant rubber support material that is strong, sturdy and easily cleaned. 18. The Mini Sit Down Leg Exerciser Connection: as is claimed in claim 3 that interconnects with the Vibrating, Massaging Sneakers is equipped with the inter-connectable locking devices for connecting to the Vibrating, Massaging Sneakers, which is located on the Top portion of the device, and consist of up to six height adjustable, compressible spring rods of equal size, that is set inside secure spring holders, in between the upper and lower platforms, that is created with a Collapsible short side to allow for adjustments to the work-out positioning, and with multiple height adjusters in place for securing the changing of position of the exerciser. 19. The Adjustable, Stretchable Hand held Exercising Cords as is claimed in claim 2 is connected to the Mini Sit Down Leg Exerciser Connection that interconnects with the Vibrating, Massaging Sneakers for full body exercise. 20. The Automatically, or Manually Operated Mini Sit Down Leg Exerciser Connection as is claimed in claim 3 is utilized in a Flat Position, or in an Angled Position, Adjusted to various degrees for enhancing the desired muscle conditioning. | Disclosed is an apparatus and method for exercising, strengthening, energizing and relieving portions of the body. The invention is the combination of the Vibrating, Massaging Sneakers interconnecting with the Mini Sit Down Leg Exerciser Connection with Adjustable/Stretchable hand held exercising cords together creates a Full Body mini exercising device that enhances health, fitness and wellness. The Sneakers are equipped with varying Massage Types and Intensity, including Heating Therapy, Air Compression, Bi-Directional Rolling/Kneading apparatus, with small vibrators/massagers embedded in the Therapeutic Compartments of Sneakers, to provide maximum effect to various Pressure Points of user's feet. The inter-connectable Leg Exerciser with Adjustable, Stretchable Hand held Exercising Cords provides added benefits of toning and strengthening the User's upper body, arms, legs, ankles, and feet, creating a Full Body Exercising Mechanism. Benefits to users of the invented, are relief from aches, pains, muscular buildup, stimulation of circulation, stress, overall improvements.1. The invention of a combined Vibrating, Massaging Sneaker interconnecting with a Mini Compressible Leg Exerciser that produces a Mini Full Body Exercising Mechanism. 2. The Vibrating, Massaging Sneakers as is claimed in claim 1 is a foot Massager & Circulation machine, that is inter-connectable with the Leg Exerciser Apparatus, and the Adjustable, Stretchable Hand held Exercising Cords, to create a Multi-Unit, Full Body Exercising Mechanism. 3. The Mini Sit Down Leg Exerciser: as is claimed in claim 2 interconnects with the Vibrating, Massaging Sneakers for the added benefits of toning and strengthening the User's upper body, arms, legs, ankles, and feet. 4. The Vibrating Sneakers as is claimed in claim 1 is equipped with a Therapeutic Compartment Device located in a well-like cavity within the bottom layer of each Sneaker. 5. The Vibrating, Massaging Sneakers as is claimed in claim 4 consist of two protective layers of non-breakable light weight, composite material, that is located above and below the Therapeutic Compartment Device with a wide opening in the center of the Top layer, to unhinder the effects of the massage. 6. The Vibrating, Massaging Sneakers as is claimed in claim 4 has a Heating Element inside the Therapeutic Compartment that is used to supply surrounding heat function throughout the Sneakers, which is positioned on each side of the Vibration Coins, above the Compartment Motor and the Rolling Ball elements, and provides three levels of varying temperature adjustments. 7. The Vibrating, Massaging Sneakers as is claimed in claim 2 has a Timer Control Settings with multiple Auto Shut-Off timing options for safety, and the Heating Element is built with an Overheat Protection feature, and encompasses up to four alternating Pre-Programmed massage techniques that automatically switches to the next technique after five minutes with three levels of intensity and auto stop feature. 8. The Vibrating, Massaging Sneakers as is claimed in claim 2 is created with an extra inner lining designed to be Pockets for the maneuvering of Air flow, and is equipped with an Air Compression/Acupressure Motor that is located in the Therapeutic Compartment, and is used to inflate/deflate the Air Pockets behind the Sneaker's inner lining. 9. The Vibrating Sneakers as is claimed in claim 4 provides wrap around Air Compression/Acupressure that inflates and deflates, beginning slowly and gradually increasing to the strength of the desired setting and is comprised of up to four different Settings that supplies the surrounding inner surface of the sneakers from the sole of feet up above the ankles with added massaging pressure. 10. The Vibrating, Massaging Sneakers as is claimed in claim 4 is equipped with a Rolling/Kneading element that is located in the Therapeutic Compartment, and consists of a Bi-Directional wavy element which holds and supports the Ball rolling elements which has multiple Bi-Directional rotating massage heads that provides full-coverage massaging pressure to the sole of the feet, from heel to toe and encompasses up to four levels of intensity and up to six choices of motions. 11. The Vibrating, Massaging Sneakers as is claimed in claim 4 has a Percussion feature that utilizes the Bi-Directional element to move in an Up and Down hammering motion with up to twelve percussion heads (up to six in each Sneaker) and three setting adjustments for deep penetrating percussive therapy. 12. The Vibrating, Massaging Sneakers as is claimed in claim 4 is built with lead wires from the massaging adjustment manual selective control unit that operates the stimulating vibration coins, which is placed on the feet pressure point schematic in the Therapeutic Compartment, underneath the sneaker's inner sole. 13. The Vibrating, Massaging Sneakers as is claimed in claim 2 has up to five manual Adjustable speed levels of vibration, up to six vibratory stimulating modes and features gradual vibration ramp-up from initial start to selected manual setting. 14. The Vibrating, Massaging Sneakers as is claimed in claim 1 is equipped with a battery holder that is contained on the back side of the Sneaker, and is energized by a Rechargeable (Lithium Ion Batteries) with up to eight hours of operation per charge. 15. The Vibrating, Massaging Sneakers as is claimed in claim 1 positions the Manual Control unit around the Top Neck portion of the Sneaker which consist of all operable selections, and encompasses both Auto and Manual working abilities, and is also controlled via Wireless Remote Control for portability, and Massage App for modernized Electronic connections. 16. The Vibrating, Massaging Sneakers as is claimed in claim 1 is built with locking devices for connecting to the Mini Sit Down Leg Exerciser Connection that is located along the lower side of the sneakers. 17. The Mini Sit Down Leg Exerciser Connection: as is claimed in claim 3 that interconnects with the Vibrating, Massaging Sneakers, is constructed with a strong, grainy, non-breakable composite material that is a rectangular shape apparatus having two long sides, two short sides, a top layer and a bottom layer, and is comprised of a bottom outer layer created from a thick skid resistant rubber support material that is strong, sturdy and easily cleaned. 18. The Mini Sit Down Leg Exerciser Connection: as is claimed in claim 3 that interconnects with the Vibrating, Massaging Sneakers is equipped with the inter-connectable locking devices for connecting to the Vibrating, Massaging Sneakers, which is located on the Top portion of the device, and consist of up to six height adjustable, compressible spring rods of equal size, that is set inside secure spring holders, in between the upper and lower platforms, that is created with a Collapsible short side to allow for adjustments to the work-out positioning, and with multiple height adjusters in place for securing the changing of position of the exerciser. 19. The Adjustable, Stretchable Hand held Exercising Cords as is claimed in claim 2 is connected to the Mini Sit Down Leg Exerciser Connection that interconnects with the Vibrating, Massaging Sneakers for full body exercise. 20. The Automatically, or Manually Operated Mini Sit Down Leg Exerciser Connection as is claimed in claim 3 is utilized in a Flat Position, or in an Angled Position, Adjusted to various degrees for enhancing the desired muscle conditioning. | 3,700 |
342,138 | 16,802,507 | 3,775 | Various examples and schemes pertaining to uplink (UL) transmission timing for non-terrestrial networking (NTN) are described. An apparatus receives, from a network, downlink control information (DCI) indicating an NTN offset for a scheduling delay. Accordingly, the apparatus performs one or more UL transmissions to a satellite with the scheduling delay which accounts for the | 1. A method, comprising:
receiving, by a processor of an apparatus, from a network downlink control information (DCI) indicating a non-terrestrial networking (NTN) offset for a scheduling delay; and performing, by the processor, an uplink (UL) transmission to a satellite with the scheduling delay which accounts for the NTN offset. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the NTN offset pertains to one or more DL assignments or one or more UL grants. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the NTN offset is indicated in a system information block (SIB). 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the DCI is received at a slot n, wherein the DCI indicates a plurality of physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) resources corresponding to a plurality of UL hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgement (ACK) and negative acknowledgement (NACK) of a plurality of transport blocks (TBs) at a slot n+K1′, and wherein K1′ denotes the scheduling delay. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein K1′=K1+K1_ntnOffset, wherein K1 denotes a parameter of scheduling offset for HARQ ACK and NACK, and wherein K1_ntnOffset denotes the NTN offset indicated in the DCI. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein K1 is indicated in a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH)-to-HARQ-timing indicator field in the DCI. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the DCI is received at a slot n, wherein the DCI indicates a plurality of physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) resources at a slot n+K2′, and wherein K2′ denotes the scheduling delay. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein K2′=K2+K2_ntnOffset, wherein K2 denotes a parameter of scheduling offset for PUSCH, wherein K2 is based on a numerology of a PUSCH, and wherein K2_ntnOffset denotes the NTN offset indicated in the DCI. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the DCI is received at a slot n, wherein the DCI indicates the scheduling delay in slots as n+K1′, and wherein K1′ denotes the scheduling delay for hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgement (ACK) and negative acknowledgement (NACK). 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the DCI is received at a slot n, wherein the DCI indicates the scheduling delay in slots as {└n·2̂(μ_PUSCH−μ_PDCCH)┘+K2′}, wherein μ_PUSCH denotes a numerology of a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), where μ_PDCCH denotes a numerology of a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), and wherein K2′ denotes the scheduling delay for UL data transmissions. 11. An apparatus, comprising:
a communication device configured to wirelessly communicate with a network and a satellite; a processor coupled to the communication device and configured to perform operations comprising:
receiving, via the communication device, from a network downlink control information (DCI) indicating a non-terrestrial networking (NTN) offset for a scheduling delay; and
performing, via the communication device, an uplink (UL) transmission to a satellite with the scheduling delay which accounts for the NTN offset. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the NTN offset pertains to one or more DL assignments or one or more UL grants. 13. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the NTN offset is indicated in a system information block (SIB). 14. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the DCI is received at a slot n, wherein the DCI indicates a plurality of physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) resources corresponding to a plurality of UL hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgement (ACK) and negative acknowledgement (NACK) of a plurality of transport blocks (TBs) at a slot n+K1′, and wherein K1′ denotes the scheduling delay. 15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein K1′=K1+K1_ntnOffset, wherein K1 denotes a parameter of scheduling offset for HARQ ACK and NACK, and wherein K1_ntnOffset denotes the NTN offset indicated in the DCI. 16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein K1 is indicated in a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH)-to-HARQ-timing indicator field in the DCI. 17. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the DCI is received at a slot n, wherein the DCI indicates a plurality of physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) resources at a slot n+K2′, and wherein K2′ denotes the scheduling delay. 18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein K2′=K2+K2_ntnOffset, wherein K2 denotes a parameter of scheduling offset for PUSCH, wherein K2 is based on a numerology of a PUSCH, and wherein K2_ntnOffset denotes the NTN offset indicated in the DCI. 19. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the DCI is received at a slot n, wherein the DCI indicates the scheduling delay in slots as n+K1′, and wherein K1′ denotes the scheduling delay for hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgement (ACK) and negative acknowledgement (NACK). 20. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the DCI is received at a slot n, wherein the DCI indicates the scheduling delay in slots as {└n·2̂(μ_PUSCH−μ_PDCCH)┘+K2′}, wherein μ_PUSCH denotes a numerology of a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), where μ_PDCCH denotes a numerology of a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), and wherein K2′ denotes the scheduling delay for UL data transmissions. | Various examples and schemes pertaining to uplink (UL) transmission timing for non-terrestrial networking (NTN) are described. An apparatus receives, from a network, downlink control information (DCI) indicating an NTN offset for a scheduling delay. Accordingly, the apparatus performs one or more UL transmissions to a satellite with the scheduling delay which accounts for the1. A method, comprising:
receiving, by a processor of an apparatus, from a network downlink control information (DCI) indicating a non-terrestrial networking (NTN) offset for a scheduling delay; and performing, by the processor, an uplink (UL) transmission to a satellite with the scheduling delay which accounts for the NTN offset. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the NTN offset pertains to one or more DL assignments or one or more UL grants. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the NTN offset is indicated in a system information block (SIB). 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the DCI is received at a slot n, wherein the DCI indicates a plurality of physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) resources corresponding to a plurality of UL hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgement (ACK) and negative acknowledgement (NACK) of a plurality of transport blocks (TBs) at a slot n+K1′, and wherein K1′ denotes the scheduling delay. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein K1′=K1+K1_ntnOffset, wherein K1 denotes a parameter of scheduling offset for HARQ ACK and NACK, and wherein K1_ntnOffset denotes the NTN offset indicated in the DCI. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein K1 is indicated in a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH)-to-HARQ-timing indicator field in the DCI. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the DCI is received at a slot n, wherein the DCI indicates a plurality of physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) resources at a slot n+K2′, and wherein K2′ denotes the scheduling delay. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein K2′=K2+K2_ntnOffset, wherein K2 denotes a parameter of scheduling offset for PUSCH, wherein K2 is based on a numerology of a PUSCH, and wherein K2_ntnOffset denotes the NTN offset indicated in the DCI. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the DCI is received at a slot n, wherein the DCI indicates the scheduling delay in slots as n+K1′, and wherein K1′ denotes the scheduling delay for hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgement (ACK) and negative acknowledgement (NACK). 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the DCI is received at a slot n, wherein the DCI indicates the scheduling delay in slots as {└n·2̂(μ_PUSCH−μ_PDCCH)┘+K2′}, wherein μ_PUSCH denotes a numerology of a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), where μ_PDCCH denotes a numerology of a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), and wherein K2′ denotes the scheduling delay for UL data transmissions. 11. An apparatus, comprising:
a communication device configured to wirelessly communicate with a network and a satellite; a processor coupled to the communication device and configured to perform operations comprising:
receiving, via the communication device, from a network downlink control information (DCI) indicating a non-terrestrial networking (NTN) offset for a scheduling delay; and
performing, via the communication device, an uplink (UL) transmission to a satellite with the scheduling delay which accounts for the NTN offset. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the NTN offset pertains to one or more DL assignments or one or more UL grants. 13. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the NTN offset is indicated in a system information block (SIB). 14. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the DCI is received at a slot n, wherein the DCI indicates a plurality of physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) resources corresponding to a plurality of UL hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgement (ACK) and negative acknowledgement (NACK) of a plurality of transport blocks (TBs) at a slot n+K1′, and wherein K1′ denotes the scheduling delay. 15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein K1′=K1+K1_ntnOffset, wherein K1 denotes a parameter of scheduling offset for HARQ ACK and NACK, and wherein K1_ntnOffset denotes the NTN offset indicated in the DCI. 16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein K1 is indicated in a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH)-to-HARQ-timing indicator field in the DCI. 17. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the DCI is received at a slot n, wherein the DCI indicates a plurality of physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) resources at a slot n+K2′, and wherein K2′ denotes the scheduling delay. 18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein K2′=K2+K2_ntnOffset, wherein K2 denotes a parameter of scheduling offset for PUSCH, wherein K2 is based on a numerology of a PUSCH, and wherein K2_ntnOffset denotes the NTN offset indicated in the DCI. 19. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the DCI is received at a slot n, wherein the DCI indicates the scheduling delay in slots as n+K1′, and wherein K1′ denotes the scheduling delay for hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgement (ACK) and negative acknowledgement (NACK). 20. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the DCI is received at a slot n, wherein the DCI indicates the scheduling delay in slots as {└n·2̂(μ_PUSCH−μ_PDCCH)┘+K2′}, wherein μ_PUSCH denotes a numerology of a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), where μ_PDCCH denotes a numerology of a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), and wherein K2′ denotes the scheduling delay for UL data transmissions. | 3,700 |
342,139 | 16,802,485 | 3,775 | Method and system for remote medical information exchanging are disclosed. The system for remote medical information exchanging comprises a computer application program and a data storage server. The computer application program is electrically coupled with a data storage server via communication network, comprising an end user end, configured to capture video stream of face of the end user; and a doctor end, configured to show the video stream of the face of end user and one or more physiological inference in accordance with the video stream. The data storage server, configured to store a scalable video server module, one or more artificial intelligence modules, a poly-omics uni-matrix pipeline, and a combined inference module. | 1. A system for remote medical information exchanging, comprising:
a computer application program, electrically coupled with a data storage server via communication network, comprising
an end user end, configured to capture video stream of face of the end user; and
a doctor end, configured to show the video stream of the face of end user and one or more physiological inference in accordance with the video stream;
a data storage server, configured to store a scalable video server module, one or more artificial intelligence modules, a polyomics uni-matrix pipeline, and a combined inference module, wherein the one or more artificial intelligence modules comprise one, two, three, four or more of the following modules,
a phenome artificial intelligence module, configured to extract facial data and infers physiological parameters;
an exposome artificial intelligence module, configured to configured to compute the risks and exposures to environment;
a real-time global position system module, configured to synchronize to the end user's physical location;
a genetics and bioinformatics module, configured to allow end user to upload genetic profile data;
a MedVision module, configured to capture images of medication and prescription image of end user;
a reverse synthetic pharmacy benefit manager module, configured to allow end user to add medications and prescription information; and
a Manna food module, configured to decide food in an image is healthy or not. | Method and system for remote medical information exchanging are disclosed. The system for remote medical information exchanging comprises a computer application program and a data storage server. The computer application program is electrically coupled with a data storage server via communication network, comprising an end user end, configured to capture video stream of face of the end user; and a doctor end, configured to show the video stream of the face of end user and one or more physiological inference in accordance with the video stream. The data storage server, configured to store a scalable video server module, one or more artificial intelligence modules, a poly-omics uni-matrix pipeline, and a combined inference module.1. A system for remote medical information exchanging, comprising:
a computer application program, electrically coupled with a data storage server via communication network, comprising
an end user end, configured to capture video stream of face of the end user; and
a doctor end, configured to show the video stream of the face of end user and one or more physiological inference in accordance with the video stream;
a data storage server, configured to store a scalable video server module, one or more artificial intelligence modules, a polyomics uni-matrix pipeline, and a combined inference module, wherein the one or more artificial intelligence modules comprise one, two, three, four or more of the following modules,
a phenome artificial intelligence module, configured to extract facial data and infers physiological parameters;
an exposome artificial intelligence module, configured to configured to compute the risks and exposures to environment;
a real-time global position system module, configured to synchronize to the end user's physical location;
a genetics and bioinformatics module, configured to allow end user to upload genetic profile data;
a MedVision module, configured to capture images of medication and prescription image of end user;
a reverse synthetic pharmacy benefit manager module, configured to allow end user to add medications and prescription information; and
a Manna food module, configured to decide food in an image is healthy or not. | 3,700 |
342,140 | 16,802,501 | 3,775 | An imaging device including an imager that includes first pixels having sensitivity to a first light and second pixels having sensitivity to a second light, a wavelength of the first light being different from a wavelength of the second light, the imager acquiring first image data from the first pixels and acquiring second image data from the second pixels, each of the first image data and the second image data including an image of a code, the code being configured to output the second light; and an image processor. The image processor performs a differential processing based on the first image data and the second image data to generate third image data, and extracts an image of the code from the third image data. | 1. An imaging device comprising:
an imager that includes first pixels having sensitivity to a first light and second pixels having sensitivity to a second light, a wavelength of the first light being different from a wavelength of the second light, the imager acquiring first image data from the first pixels and acquiring second image data from the second pixels, each of the first image data and the second image data including an image of a code, the code being configured to output the second light; and an image processor, wherein the image processor performs a differential processing based on the first image data and the second image data to generate third image data, and extracts an image of the code from the third image data. 2. The imaging device according to claim 1, wherein a reflectance of the code with respect to the second light is greater than a reflectance of the code with respect to the first light. 3. The imaging device according to claim 1, wherein the code emits the second light. 4. The imaging device according to claim 1, wherein the second pixels have sensitivity to the first light. 5. The imaging device according to claim 1, wherein the imager includes a pixel array that includes the first pixels and the second pixels. 6. The imaging device according to claim 1, further comprising
a day-or-night determiner that determines whether it is daytime or nighttime, wherein in a case where the day-or-night determiner has determined that it is daytime, the image processor extracts the image of the code from the third image data, and in a case where the day-or-night determiner has determined that it is nighttime, the image processor extracts the image of the code from the second image data. 7. The imaging device according to claim 1, wherein the code includes a one-dimensional code, a two-dimensional code, a character, or a symbol. 8. The imaging device according to claim 1, wherein the code is located on a sign, a road sign, a signboard, an electric bulletin board, or a building. 9. The imaging device according to claim 1, wherein the code is located on a vehicle. 10. The imaging device according to claim 1, wherein the image processor acquires information associated with the code. 11. The imaging device according to claim 10, wherein the information includes traffic information. 12. The imaging device according to claim 1, wherein
the first pixels are identical to third pixels, the second pixels are identical to the third pixels, the third pixels have a first state in which the third pixels have sensitivity to the first light and a second state in which the third pixels have sensitivity to second light, and the imager acquires the first image data from the third pixels in the first state and acquires the second image data from the third pixels in the second state. 13. The imaging device according to claim 1, wherein timings of start and end of an exposure period in which the first pixels acquire the first image data are the same as timings of start and end of an exposure period in which the second pixels acquire the second image data. 14. The imaging device according to claim 1, wherein
the imager acquires the first image data and the second image data in each of frame periods, and the image processor extracts the image of the code in one of the frame periods and does not extract the image of the code in another one of the frame periods. 15. An imaging system comprising:
imaging device according to claim 10; and a notifier that notifies a user of the information. 16. A vehicle running control system comprising:
imaging device according to claim 10; and a vehicle controller that controls braking and acceleration of a vehicle based on the information. 17. An image processing device comprising an image processor, wherein
the image processor performs differential processing based on first image data and second image data to generate third image data, the first image data being based on a first light from an object, the second image data being based on a second light from the object, a wavelength of the first light being different from a wavelength of the second light, each of the first image data and the second image data including an image of a code, the code being configured to output the second light, and the image processor extracts an image of the code from the third image data. 18. The image processing device according to claim 17, wherein the image processor acquires information associated with the code. | An imaging device including an imager that includes first pixels having sensitivity to a first light and second pixels having sensitivity to a second light, a wavelength of the first light being different from a wavelength of the second light, the imager acquiring first image data from the first pixels and acquiring second image data from the second pixels, each of the first image data and the second image data including an image of a code, the code being configured to output the second light; and an image processor. The image processor performs a differential processing based on the first image data and the second image data to generate third image data, and extracts an image of the code from the third image data.1. An imaging device comprising:
an imager that includes first pixels having sensitivity to a first light and second pixels having sensitivity to a second light, a wavelength of the first light being different from a wavelength of the second light, the imager acquiring first image data from the first pixels and acquiring second image data from the second pixels, each of the first image data and the second image data including an image of a code, the code being configured to output the second light; and an image processor, wherein the image processor performs a differential processing based on the first image data and the second image data to generate third image data, and extracts an image of the code from the third image data. 2. The imaging device according to claim 1, wherein a reflectance of the code with respect to the second light is greater than a reflectance of the code with respect to the first light. 3. The imaging device according to claim 1, wherein the code emits the second light. 4. The imaging device according to claim 1, wherein the second pixels have sensitivity to the first light. 5. The imaging device according to claim 1, wherein the imager includes a pixel array that includes the first pixels and the second pixels. 6. The imaging device according to claim 1, further comprising
a day-or-night determiner that determines whether it is daytime or nighttime, wherein in a case where the day-or-night determiner has determined that it is daytime, the image processor extracts the image of the code from the third image data, and in a case where the day-or-night determiner has determined that it is nighttime, the image processor extracts the image of the code from the second image data. 7. The imaging device according to claim 1, wherein the code includes a one-dimensional code, a two-dimensional code, a character, or a symbol. 8. The imaging device according to claim 1, wherein the code is located on a sign, a road sign, a signboard, an electric bulletin board, or a building. 9. The imaging device according to claim 1, wherein the code is located on a vehicle. 10. The imaging device according to claim 1, wherein the image processor acquires information associated with the code. 11. The imaging device according to claim 10, wherein the information includes traffic information. 12. The imaging device according to claim 1, wherein
the first pixels are identical to third pixels, the second pixels are identical to the third pixels, the third pixels have a first state in which the third pixels have sensitivity to the first light and a second state in which the third pixels have sensitivity to second light, and the imager acquires the first image data from the third pixels in the first state and acquires the second image data from the third pixels in the second state. 13. The imaging device according to claim 1, wherein timings of start and end of an exposure period in which the first pixels acquire the first image data are the same as timings of start and end of an exposure period in which the second pixels acquire the second image data. 14. The imaging device according to claim 1, wherein
the imager acquires the first image data and the second image data in each of frame periods, and the image processor extracts the image of the code in one of the frame periods and does not extract the image of the code in another one of the frame periods. 15. An imaging system comprising:
imaging device according to claim 10; and a notifier that notifies a user of the information. 16. A vehicle running control system comprising:
imaging device according to claim 10; and a vehicle controller that controls braking and acceleration of a vehicle based on the information. 17. An image processing device comprising an image processor, wherein
the image processor performs differential processing based on first image data and second image data to generate third image data, the first image data being based on a first light from an object, the second image data being based on a second light from the object, a wavelength of the first light being different from a wavelength of the second light, each of the first image data and the second image data including an image of a code, the code being configured to output the second light, and the image processor extracts an image of the code from the third image data. 18. The image processing device according to claim 17, wherein the image processor acquires information associated with the code. | 3,700 |
342,141 | 16,802,475 | 3,775 | A lane departure prevention assist system for a vehicle includes: a tilt angle control unit configured to control a tilt angle of a seat surface with respect to a lateral direction by driving a tilt angle changing device; a lane detection unit configured to detect a lane on a road; and a vehicle position estimation unit configured to estimate a lateral position of the vehicle in the lane. The tilt angle control unit is configured to increase the tilt angle of the seat surface with respect to the lateral direction such that, as the vehicle approaches one lateral end of an own lane, a height of the seat surface on a side near the one lateral end of the own lane becomes greater than the height of the seat surface on a side remote from the one lateral end of the own lane. | 1. A lane departure prevention assist system for a vehicle, comprising:
a tilt angle changing device provided between a vehicle body and wheels or between the vehicle body and a seat surface of an occupant seat and configured to change a tilt angle of the seat surface with respect to a lateral direction; a tilt angle control unit configured to control the tilt angle of the seat surface with respect to the lateral direction by driving the tilt angle changing device; a lane detection unit configured to detect a lane on a road; and a vehicle position estimation unit configured to estimate a lateral position of the vehicle in the lane, wherein the tilt angle control unit is configured to increase the tilt angle of the seat surface with respect to the lateral direction such that, as the vehicle approaches one lateral end of an own lane in which the vehicle is traveling, a height of the seat surface on a side near the one lateral end of the own lane becomes greater than the height of the seat surface on a side remote from the one lateral end of the own lane. 2. The lane departure prevention assist system according to claim 1, further comprising a turn detection unit configured to detect a turn of the vehicle,
wherein the tilt angle control unit is configured to increase the tilt angle of the seat surface with respect to the lateral direction such that the height of the seat surface on an outside of the turn of the vehicle becomes greater than the height of the seat surface on an inside of the turn of the vehicle. 3. The lane departure prevention assist system according to claim 1, wherein the lane detection unit is configured to detect lane markings on the road, and
the tilt angle control unit is configured to increase the tilt angle of the seat surface with respect to the lateral direction such that the height of the seat surface on one lateral side increases in a case where the vehicle position estimation unit estimates that one of the wheels on the one lateral side climbs onto one of the lane markings on a corresponding side. 4. The lane departure prevention assist system according to claim 3, wherein the tilt angle control unit is configured to decrease the tilt angle of the seat surface with respect to the lateral direction such that the height of the seat surface on the one lateral side decreases in a case where the vehicle position estimation unit estimates that the one of the wheels on the one lateral side climbs onto and then climbs over the one of the lane markings provided between the own lane and an adjacent lane. 5. The lane departure prevention assist system according to claim 4, wherein the tilt angle control unit does not change the height of the seat surface on both lateral sides in a case where the vehicle position estimation unit estimates that the one of the wheels on the one lateral side climbs over and then climbs again onto the one of the lane markings to return to the own lane. 6. The lane departure prevention assist system according to claim 4, wherein the tilt angle control unit does not change the height of the seat surface on both lateral sides in a case where the vehicle position estimation unit estimates that the one of the wheels on the one lateral side climbs onto and then climbs over the one of the lane markings, and then another of the wheels on another lateral side climbs onto the one of the lane markings. 7. The lane departure prevention assist system according to claim 1, wherein the lane detection unit is configured to identify a road outside line provided between the own lane and a road shoulder, and
the tilt angle control unit is configured to increase the tilt angle of the seat surface with respect to the lateral direction such that the height of the seat surface on a side of the road shoulder becomes greater as an entry amount of the vehicle into the road shoulder becomes greater in a case where the vehicle position estimation unit estimates that the vehicle enters the road shoulder. 8. The lane departure prevention assist system according to claim 1, wherein the lane detection unit is configured to identify a road center line provided between the own lane and an opposite lane, and
the tilt angle control unit is configured to increase the tilt angle of the seat surface with respect to the lateral direction such that the height of the seat surface on a side of the opposite lane becomes greater as an entry amount of the vehicle into the opposite lane becomes greater in a case where the vehicle position estimation unit estimates that the vehicle enters the opposite lane. 9. The lane departure prevention assist system according to claim 1, wherein the tilt angle changing device comprises a roll angle changing device configured to change a roll angle of the vehicle body, and
the tilt angle control unit comprises a roll control unit configured to control the roll angle of the vehicle body by driving the roll angle changing device. 10. The lane departure prevention assist system according to claim 1, wherein the tilt angle changing device comprises a seat surface tilt angle changing device configured to change the tilt angle of the seat surface of the occupant seat with respect to the vehicle body, and
the tilt angle control unit comprises a seat surface tilt angle control unit configured to control the tilt angle of the seat surface by driving the seat surface tilt angle changing device. 11. The lane departure prevention assist system according to claim 10, wherein the seat surface tilt angle changing device comprises a seat tilt angle changing device configured to change a tilt angle of the occupant seat with respect to the vehicle body, and
the seat surface tilt angle control unit comprises a seat tilt angle control unit configured to tilt the occupant seat by driving the seat tilt angle changing device. | A lane departure prevention assist system for a vehicle includes: a tilt angle control unit configured to control a tilt angle of a seat surface with respect to a lateral direction by driving a tilt angle changing device; a lane detection unit configured to detect a lane on a road; and a vehicle position estimation unit configured to estimate a lateral position of the vehicle in the lane. The tilt angle control unit is configured to increase the tilt angle of the seat surface with respect to the lateral direction such that, as the vehicle approaches one lateral end of an own lane, a height of the seat surface on a side near the one lateral end of the own lane becomes greater than the height of the seat surface on a side remote from the one lateral end of the own lane.1. A lane departure prevention assist system for a vehicle, comprising:
a tilt angle changing device provided between a vehicle body and wheels or between the vehicle body and a seat surface of an occupant seat and configured to change a tilt angle of the seat surface with respect to a lateral direction; a tilt angle control unit configured to control the tilt angle of the seat surface with respect to the lateral direction by driving the tilt angle changing device; a lane detection unit configured to detect a lane on a road; and a vehicle position estimation unit configured to estimate a lateral position of the vehicle in the lane, wherein the tilt angle control unit is configured to increase the tilt angle of the seat surface with respect to the lateral direction such that, as the vehicle approaches one lateral end of an own lane in which the vehicle is traveling, a height of the seat surface on a side near the one lateral end of the own lane becomes greater than the height of the seat surface on a side remote from the one lateral end of the own lane. 2. The lane departure prevention assist system according to claim 1, further comprising a turn detection unit configured to detect a turn of the vehicle,
wherein the tilt angle control unit is configured to increase the tilt angle of the seat surface with respect to the lateral direction such that the height of the seat surface on an outside of the turn of the vehicle becomes greater than the height of the seat surface on an inside of the turn of the vehicle. 3. The lane departure prevention assist system according to claim 1, wherein the lane detection unit is configured to detect lane markings on the road, and
the tilt angle control unit is configured to increase the tilt angle of the seat surface with respect to the lateral direction such that the height of the seat surface on one lateral side increases in a case where the vehicle position estimation unit estimates that one of the wheels on the one lateral side climbs onto one of the lane markings on a corresponding side. 4. The lane departure prevention assist system according to claim 3, wherein the tilt angle control unit is configured to decrease the tilt angle of the seat surface with respect to the lateral direction such that the height of the seat surface on the one lateral side decreases in a case where the vehicle position estimation unit estimates that the one of the wheels on the one lateral side climbs onto and then climbs over the one of the lane markings provided between the own lane and an adjacent lane. 5. The lane departure prevention assist system according to claim 4, wherein the tilt angle control unit does not change the height of the seat surface on both lateral sides in a case where the vehicle position estimation unit estimates that the one of the wheels on the one lateral side climbs over and then climbs again onto the one of the lane markings to return to the own lane. 6. The lane departure prevention assist system according to claim 4, wherein the tilt angle control unit does not change the height of the seat surface on both lateral sides in a case where the vehicle position estimation unit estimates that the one of the wheels on the one lateral side climbs onto and then climbs over the one of the lane markings, and then another of the wheels on another lateral side climbs onto the one of the lane markings. 7. The lane departure prevention assist system according to claim 1, wherein the lane detection unit is configured to identify a road outside line provided between the own lane and a road shoulder, and
the tilt angle control unit is configured to increase the tilt angle of the seat surface with respect to the lateral direction such that the height of the seat surface on a side of the road shoulder becomes greater as an entry amount of the vehicle into the road shoulder becomes greater in a case where the vehicle position estimation unit estimates that the vehicle enters the road shoulder. 8. The lane departure prevention assist system according to claim 1, wherein the lane detection unit is configured to identify a road center line provided between the own lane and an opposite lane, and
the tilt angle control unit is configured to increase the tilt angle of the seat surface with respect to the lateral direction such that the height of the seat surface on a side of the opposite lane becomes greater as an entry amount of the vehicle into the opposite lane becomes greater in a case where the vehicle position estimation unit estimates that the vehicle enters the opposite lane. 9. The lane departure prevention assist system according to claim 1, wherein the tilt angle changing device comprises a roll angle changing device configured to change a roll angle of the vehicle body, and
the tilt angle control unit comprises a roll control unit configured to control the roll angle of the vehicle body by driving the roll angle changing device. 10. The lane departure prevention assist system according to claim 1, wherein the tilt angle changing device comprises a seat surface tilt angle changing device configured to change the tilt angle of the seat surface of the occupant seat with respect to the vehicle body, and
the tilt angle control unit comprises a seat surface tilt angle control unit configured to control the tilt angle of the seat surface by driving the seat surface tilt angle changing device. 11. The lane departure prevention assist system according to claim 10, wherein the seat surface tilt angle changing device comprises a seat tilt angle changing device configured to change a tilt angle of the occupant seat with respect to the vehicle body, and
the seat surface tilt angle control unit comprises a seat tilt angle control unit configured to tilt the occupant seat by driving the seat tilt angle changing device. | 3,700 |
342,142 | 16,802,451 | 3,775 | A method for operating a robotic system includes determining a discretized object model based on source sensor data; comparing the discretized object model to a packing plan or to master data; determining a discretized platform model based on destination sensor data; determining height measures based on the destination sensor data; comparing the discretized platform model and/or the height measures to an expected platform model and/or expected height measures; and determining one or more errors by (i) determining at least one source matching error by identifying one or more disparities between (a) the discretized object model and (b) the packing plan or the master data or (ii) determining at least one destination matching error by identifying one or more disparities between (a) the discretized platform model or the height measures and (b) the expected platform model or the expected height measures, respectively. | 1. A method for operating a robotic system, the method comprising:
analyzing source sensor data representing a target object at or approaching a start location, wherein analyzing the source sensor data includes determining a discretized object model representing a physical dimension or shape of the target object in two dimensions (2D) according to unit pixels; analyzing destination sensor data representing a placement area associated with a task location, wherein analyzing the destination sensor data includes—
determining a discretized platform model representing a physical dimension or shape of the task location in 2D according to further unit pixels, and
determining a height measure representing a maximum height within a portion of the placement area corresponding to a set of the further unit pixels;
determining an error, wherein determining the error includes:
(i) determining a source matching error by identifying a disparity between (a) the discretized object model and (b) a packing plan or master data, wherein the packing plan indicates placement locations and poses of objects at the task location, and wherein the master data includes descriptions of possible objects that are pre-registered with the robotic system, or
(ii) determining a destination matching error by identifying a disparity between (a) the discretized platform model or the height measure and (b) an expected platform model or an expected height measure, respectively; and
in response to determining the error, adjusting a placement location for the target object and/or another object. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein:
analyzing the source sensor data includes comparing the discretized object model to the master data; determining the error includes identifying a disparity between the discretized object model and the master data; and the error includes a master data error representing the master data is wrong. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the packing plan specifies a sequence in which objects including the target object are to arrive at the start location; analyzing the source sensor data includes comparing the discretized object model to the packing plan by comparing the discretized object model to a discretized object model specified by the sequence; determining the error includes identifying a disparity between the discretized object model and the discretized object model specified by the sequence; and the error includes an arrival sequence error representing that the target object arrived at the start location out of the sequence specified by the packing plan. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein:
analyzing the destination sensor data includes comparing the discretized platform model to the expected platform model; determining the error includes identifying a disparity between the discretized platform model and the expected platform model; and the error includes a placement accessibility error, an unexpected placement error, and/or a placement area error representing that the placement area associated with the task location differs from an expected placement area associated with the task location. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein:
determining the error further includes identifying a real-time packaging condition that poses a risk of collision; identifying the real-time packaging condition includes determining a placement accessibility error representing a wall of a container, cage, or car track at the task location is not fully opened such that less than all of the placement area associated with the task location is accessible to the robotic system; and the risk of collision is a risk of collision between the robotic system and the container, cage, or car track. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein:
determining the error includes identifying a disparity between (a) the discretized platform model or the height measure and (b) the expected platform model or the expected height measure, respectively; determining the error further includes identifying a real-time packaging condition that poses a risk of collision; identifying the real-time packaging condition includes determining an unexpected placement error representing an object of previously placed objects at the task location shifted, fell, and/or was displaced; and the risk of collision is a risk of collision between the robotic system and the object of the previously placed objects at the task location. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein:
determining the error includes identifying a disparity between (a) the discretized platform model or the height measure and (b) the expected platform model or the expected height measure, respectively; determining the error further includes identifying a real-time packaging condition that poses a risk of collision; identifying the real-time packaging condition includes determining a placement area error representing an object of previously placed objects at the task location was misplaced; and the risk of collision is a risk of collision between the robotic system and the object of the previously placed objects at the task location. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the expected platform model and/or the expected height measure are specified by the packing plan; determining the error includes identifying a disparity between (a) the discretized platform model or the height measure and (b) the expected platform model or the expected height measure, respectively; determining the error further includes identifying a real-time packaging condition that poses a risk of collision; identifying the real-time packaging condition includes determining a placement area error representing an object not included in the packing plan is positioned at the task location; and the risk of collision is a risk of collision between the robotic system and the object not included in the packing plan. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein:
determining the error further includes identifying a real-time packaging condition that poses a risk of collision; and identifying the real-time packaging condition includes determining errors in the following order:
determining a placement accessibility error representing a wall of a container, cage, or car track at the task location is not fully opened such that less than all of the placement area associated with the task location is accessible to the robotic system and the risk of collision is a risk of collision between the robotic system and the container, cage, or car track at the task location;
determining an unexpected placement error representing a first object of previously placed objects at the task location shifted, fell, and/or was displaced such that the risk of collision is a risk of collision between the robotic system and the first object of the previously placed objects at the task location;
determining a placement area error representing a second object of the previously placed objects at the task location was misplaced such that the risk of collision is a risk of collision between the robotic system and the second object of the previously placed objects at the task location; and
determining a placement area error representing a disparity between the height measure and the expected height measure such that the risk of collision is a risk of collision between the robotic system and objects contributing to the disparity between the height measure and the expected height measure, wherein the objects contributing to the disparity include (a) a third object of the previously placed objects, (b) the container, cage, or car track, and/or (c) an object not included in the packing plan but present at the task location. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein:
determining the error includes identifying a disparity between (a) the discretized platform model or the height measure and (b) the expected platform model or the expected height measure, respectively; and the error includes a placement area error representing an object of previously placed objects at the task location is missing at the task location. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the error further includes a transport or manipulation error representing the object of the previously placed objects was dropped while transporting the object from the source location to the task location. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein:
determining the error includes identifying a disparity between (a) the discretized platform model or the height measure and (b) the expected platform model or the expected height measure, respectively; and the error includes a collision error representing a collision has occurred between at least two of a robotic unit of the robotic system, the target object, previously placed objects at the task location, a container at the task location, or an object not included in the packing plan but present at the task location. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the method of claim 1 is performed before placing the target object at the placement location for the target object specified in the packing plan. 14. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
in response to determining the error—
deriving a candidate position based at least in part on overlapping the discretized object model over the discretized platform model at a corresponding location;
validating the candidate position according to one or more placement constraints associated with the height measure;
calculating a placement score for the candidate position, wherein the placement score is calculated according to one or more placement preferences; and
dynamically deriving a placement location based on selecting the candidate position according to the placement score, wherein the placement location is for placing the target object at the task location. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein validating the candidate position includes deriving an approach path for placing the target object at the candidate position. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein:
adjusting the placement location for the target object includes generating information for placing the target object at the placement location over the placement area; and the method further comprises communicating the generated information for placing the target object at the placement location over the placement area. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
receiving updated destination source data; and based at least in part on the updated destination source data, verifying placement accuracy of the target object at the placement location. 18. The method of claim 14, further comprising updating or replacing the packing plan based, at least in part, on the determined error or the placement location for placing the target object. 19. A robotic system comprising:
at least one sensor configured to capture destination sensor data representing a placement area associated with a task location and/or previously placed objects at the task location; at least one processor; and at least one memory device connected to the at least one processor and having stored thereon instructions executable by the processor to:
analyze source sensor data representing a target object at or approaching a start location, wherein analyzing the source sensor data includes determining a discretized object model representing a physical dimension or shape of the target object in two dimensions (2D) according to unit pixels;
analyze destination sensor data representing a placement area associated with the task location, wherein analyzing the destination sensor data includes—
determining a discretized platform model representing a physical dimension or shape of the task location in 2D according to further unit pixels, and
determining a height measure representing a maximum height within a portion of the placement area corresponding to a set of the further unit pixels;
determine an error, wherein determining the error includes:
(i) determining a source matching error by identifying a disparity between (a) the discretized object model and (b) a packing plan or master data, wherein the packing plan indicates placement locations and poses of objects at the task location, and wherein the master data includes descriptions of possible objects that are pre-registered with the robotic system, or
(ii) determining a destination matching error by identifying a disparity between (a) the discretized platform model or the height measure and (b) an expected platform model or an expected height measure, respectively; and
adjust a placement location for the target object and/or another object based at least in part on the determined error. 20. A tangible, non-transient computer-readable medium having processor instructions stored thereon that, when executed by a robotic system via one or more processors thereof, cause the robotic system to perform a method, the instructions comprising:
instructions to analyze source sensor data representing a target object at or approaching a start location, wherein the instructions to analyze the source sensor data include instructions to determine a discretized object model representing a physical dimension or shape of the target object in two dimensions (2D) according to unit pixels; instructions to analyze destination sensor data representing a placement area associated with a task location, wherein the instructions to analyze the destination sensor data include—
instructions to determine a discretized platform model representing a physical dimension or shape of the task location in 2D according to further unit pixels, and
instructions to determine a height measure representing a maximum height within a portion of the placement area corresponding to a set of the further unit pixels;
instructions to determine an error, wherein the instructions to determine the error include:
(i) instructions to determine a source matching error by identifying a disparity between (a) the discretized object model and (b) a packing plan or master data, wherein the packing plan indicates placement locations and poses of objects at the task location, and wherein the master data includes descriptions of possible objects that are pre-registered with the robotic system, or
(ii) instructions to determine a destination matching error by identifying a disparity between (a) the discretized platform model or the height measure and (b) an expected platform model or an expected height measure, respectively; and
instructions to adjust a placement location for the target object and/or another object based at least in part on the determined error. | A method for operating a robotic system includes determining a discretized object model based on source sensor data; comparing the discretized object model to a packing plan or to master data; determining a discretized platform model based on destination sensor data; determining height measures based on the destination sensor data; comparing the discretized platform model and/or the height measures to an expected platform model and/or expected height measures; and determining one or more errors by (i) determining at least one source matching error by identifying one or more disparities between (a) the discretized object model and (b) the packing plan or the master data or (ii) determining at least one destination matching error by identifying one or more disparities between (a) the discretized platform model or the height measures and (b) the expected platform model or the expected height measures, respectively.1. A method for operating a robotic system, the method comprising:
analyzing source sensor data representing a target object at or approaching a start location, wherein analyzing the source sensor data includes determining a discretized object model representing a physical dimension or shape of the target object in two dimensions (2D) according to unit pixels; analyzing destination sensor data representing a placement area associated with a task location, wherein analyzing the destination sensor data includes—
determining a discretized platform model representing a physical dimension or shape of the task location in 2D according to further unit pixels, and
determining a height measure representing a maximum height within a portion of the placement area corresponding to a set of the further unit pixels;
determining an error, wherein determining the error includes:
(i) determining a source matching error by identifying a disparity between (a) the discretized object model and (b) a packing plan or master data, wherein the packing plan indicates placement locations and poses of objects at the task location, and wherein the master data includes descriptions of possible objects that are pre-registered with the robotic system, or
(ii) determining a destination matching error by identifying a disparity between (a) the discretized platform model or the height measure and (b) an expected platform model or an expected height measure, respectively; and
in response to determining the error, adjusting a placement location for the target object and/or another object. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein:
analyzing the source sensor data includes comparing the discretized object model to the master data; determining the error includes identifying a disparity between the discretized object model and the master data; and the error includes a master data error representing the master data is wrong. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the packing plan specifies a sequence in which objects including the target object are to arrive at the start location; analyzing the source sensor data includes comparing the discretized object model to the packing plan by comparing the discretized object model to a discretized object model specified by the sequence; determining the error includes identifying a disparity between the discretized object model and the discretized object model specified by the sequence; and the error includes an arrival sequence error representing that the target object arrived at the start location out of the sequence specified by the packing plan. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein:
analyzing the destination sensor data includes comparing the discretized platform model to the expected platform model; determining the error includes identifying a disparity between the discretized platform model and the expected platform model; and the error includes a placement accessibility error, an unexpected placement error, and/or a placement area error representing that the placement area associated with the task location differs from an expected placement area associated with the task location. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein:
determining the error further includes identifying a real-time packaging condition that poses a risk of collision; identifying the real-time packaging condition includes determining a placement accessibility error representing a wall of a container, cage, or car track at the task location is not fully opened such that less than all of the placement area associated with the task location is accessible to the robotic system; and the risk of collision is a risk of collision between the robotic system and the container, cage, or car track. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein:
determining the error includes identifying a disparity between (a) the discretized platform model or the height measure and (b) the expected platform model or the expected height measure, respectively; determining the error further includes identifying a real-time packaging condition that poses a risk of collision; identifying the real-time packaging condition includes determining an unexpected placement error representing an object of previously placed objects at the task location shifted, fell, and/or was displaced; and the risk of collision is a risk of collision between the robotic system and the object of the previously placed objects at the task location. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein:
determining the error includes identifying a disparity between (a) the discretized platform model or the height measure and (b) the expected platform model or the expected height measure, respectively; determining the error further includes identifying a real-time packaging condition that poses a risk of collision; identifying the real-time packaging condition includes determining a placement area error representing an object of previously placed objects at the task location was misplaced; and the risk of collision is a risk of collision between the robotic system and the object of the previously placed objects at the task location. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the expected platform model and/or the expected height measure are specified by the packing plan; determining the error includes identifying a disparity between (a) the discretized platform model or the height measure and (b) the expected platform model or the expected height measure, respectively; determining the error further includes identifying a real-time packaging condition that poses a risk of collision; identifying the real-time packaging condition includes determining a placement area error representing an object not included in the packing plan is positioned at the task location; and the risk of collision is a risk of collision between the robotic system and the object not included in the packing plan. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein:
determining the error further includes identifying a real-time packaging condition that poses a risk of collision; and identifying the real-time packaging condition includes determining errors in the following order:
determining a placement accessibility error representing a wall of a container, cage, or car track at the task location is not fully opened such that less than all of the placement area associated with the task location is accessible to the robotic system and the risk of collision is a risk of collision between the robotic system and the container, cage, or car track at the task location;
determining an unexpected placement error representing a first object of previously placed objects at the task location shifted, fell, and/or was displaced such that the risk of collision is a risk of collision between the robotic system and the first object of the previously placed objects at the task location;
determining a placement area error representing a second object of the previously placed objects at the task location was misplaced such that the risk of collision is a risk of collision between the robotic system and the second object of the previously placed objects at the task location; and
determining a placement area error representing a disparity between the height measure and the expected height measure such that the risk of collision is a risk of collision between the robotic system and objects contributing to the disparity between the height measure and the expected height measure, wherein the objects contributing to the disparity include (a) a third object of the previously placed objects, (b) the container, cage, or car track, and/or (c) an object not included in the packing plan but present at the task location. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein:
determining the error includes identifying a disparity between (a) the discretized platform model or the height measure and (b) the expected platform model or the expected height measure, respectively; and the error includes a placement area error representing an object of previously placed objects at the task location is missing at the task location. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the error further includes a transport or manipulation error representing the object of the previously placed objects was dropped while transporting the object from the source location to the task location. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein:
determining the error includes identifying a disparity between (a) the discretized platform model or the height measure and (b) the expected platform model or the expected height measure, respectively; and the error includes a collision error representing a collision has occurred between at least two of a robotic unit of the robotic system, the target object, previously placed objects at the task location, a container at the task location, or an object not included in the packing plan but present at the task location. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the method of claim 1 is performed before placing the target object at the placement location for the target object specified in the packing plan. 14. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
in response to determining the error—
deriving a candidate position based at least in part on overlapping the discretized object model over the discretized platform model at a corresponding location;
validating the candidate position according to one or more placement constraints associated with the height measure;
calculating a placement score for the candidate position, wherein the placement score is calculated according to one or more placement preferences; and
dynamically deriving a placement location based on selecting the candidate position according to the placement score, wherein the placement location is for placing the target object at the task location. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein validating the candidate position includes deriving an approach path for placing the target object at the candidate position. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein:
adjusting the placement location for the target object includes generating information for placing the target object at the placement location over the placement area; and the method further comprises communicating the generated information for placing the target object at the placement location over the placement area. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
receiving updated destination source data; and based at least in part on the updated destination source data, verifying placement accuracy of the target object at the placement location. 18. The method of claim 14, further comprising updating or replacing the packing plan based, at least in part, on the determined error or the placement location for placing the target object. 19. A robotic system comprising:
at least one sensor configured to capture destination sensor data representing a placement area associated with a task location and/or previously placed objects at the task location; at least one processor; and at least one memory device connected to the at least one processor and having stored thereon instructions executable by the processor to:
analyze source sensor data representing a target object at or approaching a start location, wherein analyzing the source sensor data includes determining a discretized object model representing a physical dimension or shape of the target object in two dimensions (2D) according to unit pixels;
analyze destination sensor data representing a placement area associated with the task location, wherein analyzing the destination sensor data includes—
determining a discretized platform model representing a physical dimension or shape of the task location in 2D according to further unit pixels, and
determining a height measure representing a maximum height within a portion of the placement area corresponding to a set of the further unit pixels;
determine an error, wherein determining the error includes:
(i) determining a source matching error by identifying a disparity between (a) the discretized object model and (b) a packing plan or master data, wherein the packing plan indicates placement locations and poses of objects at the task location, and wherein the master data includes descriptions of possible objects that are pre-registered with the robotic system, or
(ii) determining a destination matching error by identifying a disparity between (a) the discretized platform model or the height measure and (b) an expected platform model or an expected height measure, respectively; and
adjust a placement location for the target object and/or another object based at least in part on the determined error. 20. A tangible, non-transient computer-readable medium having processor instructions stored thereon that, when executed by a robotic system via one or more processors thereof, cause the robotic system to perform a method, the instructions comprising:
instructions to analyze source sensor data representing a target object at or approaching a start location, wherein the instructions to analyze the source sensor data include instructions to determine a discretized object model representing a physical dimension or shape of the target object in two dimensions (2D) according to unit pixels; instructions to analyze destination sensor data representing a placement area associated with a task location, wherein the instructions to analyze the destination sensor data include—
instructions to determine a discretized platform model representing a physical dimension or shape of the task location in 2D according to further unit pixels, and
instructions to determine a height measure representing a maximum height within a portion of the placement area corresponding to a set of the further unit pixels;
instructions to determine an error, wherein the instructions to determine the error include:
(i) instructions to determine a source matching error by identifying a disparity between (a) the discretized object model and (b) a packing plan or master data, wherein the packing plan indicates placement locations and poses of objects at the task location, and wherein the master data includes descriptions of possible objects that are pre-registered with the robotic system, or
(ii) instructions to determine a destination matching error by identifying a disparity between (a) the discretized platform model or the height measure and (b) an expected platform model or an expected height measure, respectively; and
instructions to adjust a placement location for the target object and/or another object based at least in part on the determined error. | 3,700 |
342,143 | 16,802,523 | 2,845 | A method for operating a robotic system includes determining a discretized object model based on source sensor data; comparing the discretized object model to a packing plan or to master data; determining a discretized platform model based on destination sensor data; determining height measures based on the destination sensor data; comparing the discretized platform model and/or the height measures to an expected platform model and/or expected height measures; and determining one or more errors by (i) determining at least one source matching error by identifying one or more disparities between (a) the discretized object model and (b) the packing plan or the master data or (ii) determining at least one destination matching error by identifying one or more disparities between (a) the discretized platform model or the height measures and (b) the expected platform model or the expected height measures, respectively. | 1. A method for operating a robotic system, the method comprising:
analyzing source sensor data representing a target object at or approaching a start location, wherein analyzing the source sensor data includes determining a discretized object model representing a physical dimension or shape of the target object in two dimensions (2D) according to unit pixels; analyzing destination sensor data representing a placement area associated with a task location, wherein analyzing the destination sensor data includes—
determining a discretized platform model representing a physical dimension or shape of the task location in 2D according to further unit pixels, and
determining a height measure representing a maximum height within a portion of the placement area corresponding to a set of the further unit pixels;
determining an error, wherein determining the error includes:
(i) determining a source matching error by identifying a disparity between (a) the discretized object model and (b) a packing plan or master data, wherein the packing plan indicates placement locations and poses of objects at the task location, and wherein the master data includes descriptions of possible objects that are pre-registered with the robotic system, or
(ii) determining a destination matching error by identifying a disparity between (a) the discretized platform model or the height measure and (b) an expected platform model or an expected height measure, respectively; and
in response to determining the error, adjusting a placement location for the target object and/or another object. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein:
analyzing the source sensor data includes comparing the discretized object model to the master data; determining the error includes identifying a disparity between the discretized object model and the master data; and the error includes a master data error representing the master data is wrong. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the packing plan specifies a sequence in which objects including the target object are to arrive at the start location; analyzing the source sensor data includes comparing the discretized object model to the packing plan by comparing the discretized object model to a discretized object model specified by the sequence; determining the error includes identifying a disparity between the discretized object model and the discretized object model specified by the sequence; and the error includes an arrival sequence error representing that the target object arrived at the start location out of the sequence specified by the packing plan. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein:
analyzing the destination sensor data includes comparing the discretized platform model to the expected platform model; determining the error includes identifying a disparity between the discretized platform model and the expected platform model; and the error includes a placement accessibility error, an unexpected placement error, and/or a placement area error representing that the placement area associated with the task location differs from an expected placement area associated with the task location. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein:
determining the error further includes identifying a real-time packaging condition that poses a risk of collision; identifying the real-time packaging condition includes determining a placement accessibility error representing a wall of a container, cage, or car track at the task location is not fully opened such that less than all of the placement area associated with the task location is accessible to the robotic system; and the risk of collision is a risk of collision between the robotic system and the container, cage, or car track. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein:
determining the error includes identifying a disparity between (a) the discretized platform model or the height measure and (b) the expected platform model or the expected height measure, respectively; determining the error further includes identifying a real-time packaging condition that poses a risk of collision; identifying the real-time packaging condition includes determining an unexpected placement error representing an object of previously placed objects at the task location shifted, fell, and/or was displaced; and the risk of collision is a risk of collision between the robotic system and the object of the previously placed objects at the task location. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein:
determining the error includes identifying a disparity between (a) the discretized platform model or the height measure and (b) the expected platform model or the expected height measure, respectively; determining the error further includes identifying a real-time packaging condition that poses a risk of collision; identifying the real-time packaging condition includes determining a placement area error representing an object of previously placed objects at the task location was misplaced; and the risk of collision is a risk of collision between the robotic system and the object of the previously placed objects at the task location. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the expected platform model and/or the expected height measure are specified by the packing plan; determining the error includes identifying a disparity between (a) the discretized platform model or the height measure and (b) the expected platform model or the expected height measure, respectively; determining the error further includes identifying a real-time packaging condition that poses a risk of collision; identifying the real-time packaging condition includes determining a placement area error representing an object not included in the packing plan is positioned at the task location; and the risk of collision is a risk of collision between the robotic system and the object not included in the packing plan. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein:
determining the error further includes identifying a real-time packaging condition that poses a risk of collision; and identifying the real-time packaging condition includes determining errors in the following order:
determining a placement accessibility error representing a wall of a container, cage, or car track at the task location is not fully opened such that less than all of the placement area associated with the task location is accessible to the robotic system and the risk of collision is a risk of collision between the robotic system and the container, cage, or car track at the task location;
determining an unexpected placement error representing a first object of previously placed objects at the task location shifted, fell, and/or was displaced such that the risk of collision is a risk of collision between the robotic system and the first object of the previously placed objects at the task location;
determining a placement area error representing a second object of the previously placed objects at the task location was misplaced such that the risk of collision is a risk of collision between the robotic system and the second object of the previously placed objects at the task location; and
determining a placement area error representing a disparity between the height measure and the expected height measure such that the risk of collision is a risk of collision between the robotic system and objects contributing to the disparity between the height measure and the expected height measure, wherein the objects contributing to the disparity include (a) a third object of the previously placed objects, (b) the container, cage, or car track, and/or (c) an object not included in the packing plan but present at the task location. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein:
determining the error includes identifying a disparity between (a) the discretized platform model or the height measure and (b) the expected platform model or the expected height measure, respectively; and the error includes a placement area error representing an object of previously placed objects at the task location is missing at the task location. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the error further includes a transport or manipulation error representing the object of the previously placed objects was dropped while transporting the object from the source location to the task location. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein:
determining the error includes identifying a disparity between (a) the discretized platform model or the height measure and (b) the expected platform model or the expected height measure, respectively; and the error includes a collision error representing a collision has occurred between at least two of a robotic unit of the robotic system, the target object, previously placed objects at the task location, a container at the task location, or an object not included in the packing plan but present at the task location. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the method of claim 1 is performed before placing the target object at the placement location for the target object specified in the packing plan. 14. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
in response to determining the error—
deriving a candidate position based at least in part on overlapping the discretized object model over the discretized platform model at a corresponding location;
validating the candidate position according to one or more placement constraints associated with the height measure;
calculating a placement score for the candidate position, wherein the placement score is calculated according to one or more placement preferences; and
dynamically deriving a placement location based on selecting the candidate position according to the placement score, wherein the placement location is for placing the target object at the task location. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein validating the candidate position includes deriving an approach path for placing the target object at the candidate position. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein:
adjusting the placement location for the target object includes generating information for placing the target object at the placement location over the placement area; and the method further comprises communicating the generated information for placing the target object at the placement location over the placement area. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
receiving updated destination source data; and based at least in part on the updated destination source data, verifying placement accuracy of the target object at the placement location. 18. The method of claim 14, further comprising updating or replacing the packing plan based, at least in part, on the determined error or the placement location for placing the target object. 19. A robotic system comprising:
at least one sensor configured to capture destination sensor data representing a placement area associated with a task location and/or previously placed objects at the task location; at least one processor; and at least one memory device connected to the at least one processor and having stored thereon instructions executable by the processor to:
analyze source sensor data representing a target object at or approaching a start location, wherein analyzing the source sensor data includes determining a discretized object model representing a physical dimension or shape of the target object in two dimensions (2D) according to unit pixels;
analyze destination sensor data representing a placement area associated with the task location, wherein analyzing the destination sensor data includes—
determining a discretized platform model representing a physical dimension or shape of the task location in 2D according to further unit pixels, and
determining a height measure representing a maximum height within a portion of the placement area corresponding to a set of the further unit pixels;
determine an error, wherein determining the error includes:
(i) determining a source matching error by identifying a disparity between (a) the discretized object model and (b) a packing plan or master data, wherein the packing plan indicates placement locations and poses of objects at the task location, and wherein the master data includes descriptions of possible objects that are pre-registered with the robotic system, or
(ii) determining a destination matching error by identifying a disparity between (a) the discretized platform model or the height measure and (b) an expected platform model or an expected height measure, respectively; and
adjust a placement location for the target object and/or another object based at least in part on the determined error. 20. A tangible, non-transient computer-readable medium having processor instructions stored thereon that, when executed by a robotic system via one or more processors thereof, cause the robotic system to perform a method, the instructions comprising:
instructions to analyze source sensor data representing a target object at or approaching a start location, wherein the instructions to analyze the source sensor data include instructions to determine a discretized object model representing a physical dimension or shape of the target object in two dimensions (2D) according to unit pixels; instructions to analyze destination sensor data representing a placement area associated with a task location, wherein the instructions to analyze the destination sensor data include—
instructions to determine a discretized platform model representing a physical dimension or shape of the task location in 2D according to further unit pixels, and
instructions to determine a height measure representing a maximum height within a portion of the placement area corresponding to a set of the further unit pixels;
instructions to determine an error, wherein the instructions to determine the error include:
(i) instructions to determine a source matching error by identifying a disparity between (a) the discretized object model and (b) a packing plan or master data, wherein the packing plan indicates placement locations and poses of objects at the task location, and wherein the master data includes descriptions of possible objects that are pre-registered with the robotic system, or
(ii) instructions to determine a destination matching error by identifying a disparity between (a) the discretized platform model or the height measure and (b) an expected platform model or an expected height measure, respectively; and
instructions to adjust a placement location for the target object and/or another object based at least in part on the determined error. | A method for operating a robotic system includes determining a discretized object model based on source sensor data; comparing the discretized object model to a packing plan or to master data; determining a discretized platform model based on destination sensor data; determining height measures based on the destination sensor data; comparing the discretized platform model and/or the height measures to an expected platform model and/or expected height measures; and determining one or more errors by (i) determining at least one source matching error by identifying one or more disparities between (a) the discretized object model and (b) the packing plan or the master data or (ii) determining at least one destination matching error by identifying one or more disparities between (a) the discretized platform model or the height measures and (b) the expected platform model or the expected height measures, respectively.1. A method for operating a robotic system, the method comprising:
analyzing source sensor data representing a target object at or approaching a start location, wherein analyzing the source sensor data includes determining a discretized object model representing a physical dimension or shape of the target object in two dimensions (2D) according to unit pixels; analyzing destination sensor data representing a placement area associated with a task location, wherein analyzing the destination sensor data includes—
determining a discretized platform model representing a physical dimension or shape of the task location in 2D according to further unit pixels, and
determining a height measure representing a maximum height within a portion of the placement area corresponding to a set of the further unit pixels;
determining an error, wherein determining the error includes:
(i) determining a source matching error by identifying a disparity between (a) the discretized object model and (b) a packing plan or master data, wherein the packing plan indicates placement locations and poses of objects at the task location, and wherein the master data includes descriptions of possible objects that are pre-registered with the robotic system, or
(ii) determining a destination matching error by identifying a disparity between (a) the discretized platform model or the height measure and (b) an expected platform model or an expected height measure, respectively; and
in response to determining the error, adjusting a placement location for the target object and/or another object. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein:
analyzing the source sensor data includes comparing the discretized object model to the master data; determining the error includes identifying a disparity between the discretized object model and the master data; and the error includes a master data error representing the master data is wrong. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the packing plan specifies a sequence in which objects including the target object are to arrive at the start location; analyzing the source sensor data includes comparing the discretized object model to the packing plan by comparing the discretized object model to a discretized object model specified by the sequence; determining the error includes identifying a disparity between the discretized object model and the discretized object model specified by the sequence; and the error includes an arrival sequence error representing that the target object arrived at the start location out of the sequence specified by the packing plan. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein:
analyzing the destination sensor data includes comparing the discretized platform model to the expected platform model; determining the error includes identifying a disparity between the discretized platform model and the expected platform model; and the error includes a placement accessibility error, an unexpected placement error, and/or a placement area error representing that the placement area associated with the task location differs from an expected placement area associated with the task location. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein:
determining the error further includes identifying a real-time packaging condition that poses a risk of collision; identifying the real-time packaging condition includes determining a placement accessibility error representing a wall of a container, cage, or car track at the task location is not fully opened such that less than all of the placement area associated with the task location is accessible to the robotic system; and the risk of collision is a risk of collision between the robotic system and the container, cage, or car track. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein:
determining the error includes identifying a disparity between (a) the discretized platform model or the height measure and (b) the expected platform model or the expected height measure, respectively; determining the error further includes identifying a real-time packaging condition that poses a risk of collision; identifying the real-time packaging condition includes determining an unexpected placement error representing an object of previously placed objects at the task location shifted, fell, and/or was displaced; and the risk of collision is a risk of collision between the robotic system and the object of the previously placed objects at the task location. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein:
determining the error includes identifying a disparity between (a) the discretized platform model or the height measure and (b) the expected platform model or the expected height measure, respectively; determining the error further includes identifying a real-time packaging condition that poses a risk of collision; identifying the real-time packaging condition includes determining a placement area error representing an object of previously placed objects at the task location was misplaced; and the risk of collision is a risk of collision between the robotic system and the object of the previously placed objects at the task location. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the expected platform model and/or the expected height measure are specified by the packing plan; determining the error includes identifying a disparity between (a) the discretized platform model or the height measure and (b) the expected platform model or the expected height measure, respectively; determining the error further includes identifying a real-time packaging condition that poses a risk of collision; identifying the real-time packaging condition includes determining a placement area error representing an object not included in the packing plan is positioned at the task location; and the risk of collision is a risk of collision between the robotic system and the object not included in the packing plan. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein:
determining the error further includes identifying a real-time packaging condition that poses a risk of collision; and identifying the real-time packaging condition includes determining errors in the following order:
determining a placement accessibility error representing a wall of a container, cage, or car track at the task location is not fully opened such that less than all of the placement area associated with the task location is accessible to the robotic system and the risk of collision is a risk of collision between the robotic system and the container, cage, or car track at the task location;
determining an unexpected placement error representing a first object of previously placed objects at the task location shifted, fell, and/or was displaced such that the risk of collision is a risk of collision between the robotic system and the first object of the previously placed objects at the task location;
determining a placement area error representing a second object of the previously placed objects at the task location was misplaced such that the risk of collision is a risk of collision between the robotic system and the second object of the previously placed objects at the task location; and
determining a placement area error representing a disparity between the height measure and the expected height measure such that the risk of collision is a risk of collision between the robotic system and objects contributing to the disparity between the height measure and the expected height measure, wherein the objects contributing to the disparity include (a) a third object of the previously placed objects, (b) the container, cage, or car track, and/or (c) an object not included in the packing plan but present at the task location. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein:
determining the error includes identifying a disparity between (a) the discretized platform model or the height measure and (b) the expected platform model or the expected height measure, respectively; and the error includes a placement area error representing an object of previously placed objects at the task location is missing at the task location. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the error further includes a transport or manipulation error representing the object of the previously placed objects was dropped while transporting the object from the source location to the task location. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein:
determining the error includes identifying a disparity between (a) the discretized platform model or the height measure and (b) the expected platform model or the expected height measure, respectively; and the error includes a collision error representing a collision has occurred between at least two of a robotic unit of the robotic system, the target object, previously placed objects at the task location, a container at the task location, or an object not included in the packing plan but present at the task location. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the method of claim 1 is performed before placing the target object at the placement location for the target object specified in the packing plan. 14. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
in response to determining the error—
deriving a candidate position based at least in part on overlapping the discretized object model over the discretized platform model at a corresponding location;
validating the candidate position according to one or more placement constraints associated with the height measure;
calculating a placement score for the candidate position, wherein the placement score is calculated according to one or more placement preferences; and
dynamically deriving a placement location based on selecting the candidate position according to the placement score, wherein the placement location is for placing the target object at the task location. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein validating the candidate position includes deriving an approach path for placing the target object at the candidate position. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein:
adjusting the placement location for the target object includes generating information for placing the target object at the placement location over the placement area; and the method further comprises communicating the generated information for placing the target object at the placement location over the placement area. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
receiving updated destination source data; and based at least in part on the updated destination source data, verifying placement accuracy of the target object at the placement location. 18. The method of claim 14, further comprising updating or replacing the packing plan based, at least in part, on the determined error or the placement location for placing the target object. 19. A robotic system comprising:
at least one sensor configured to capture destination sensor data representing a placement area associated with a task location and/or previously placed objects at the task location; at least one processor; and at least one memory device connected to the at least one processor and having stored thereon instructions executable by the processor to:
analyze source sensor data representing a target object at or approaching a start location, wherein analyzing the source sensor data includes determining a discretized object model representing a physical dimension or shape of the target object in two dimensions (2D) according to unit pixels;
analyze destination sensor data representing a placement area associated with the task location, wherein analyzing the destination sensor data includes—
determining a discretized platform model representing a physical dimension or shape of the task location in 2D according to further unit pixels, and
determining a height measure representing a maximum height within a portion of the placement area corresponding to a set of the further unit pixels;
determine an error, wherein determining the error includes:
(i) determining a source matching error by identifying a disparity between (a) the discretized object model and (b) a packing plan or master data, wherein the packing plan indicates placement locations and poses of objects at the task location, and wherein the master data includes descriptions of possible objects that are pre-registered with the robotic system, or
(ii) determining a destination matching error by identifying a disparity between (a) the discretized platform model or the height measure and (b) an expected platform model or an expected height measure, respectively; and
adjust a placement location for the target object and/or another object based at least in part on the determined error. 20. A tangible, non-transient computer-readable medium having processor instructions stored thereon that, when executed by a robotic system via one or more processors thereof, cause the robotic system to perform a method, the instructions comprising:
instructions to analyze source sensor data representing a target object at or approaching a start location, wherein the instructions to analyze the source sensor data include instructions to determine a discretized object model representing a physical dimension or shape of the target object in two dimensions (2D) according to unit pixels; instructions to analyze destination sensor data representing a placement area associated with a task location, wherein the instructions to analyze the destination sensor data include—
instructions to determine a discretized platform model representing a physical dimension or shape of the task location in 2D according to further unit pixels, and
instructions to determine a height measure representing a maximum height within a portion of the placement area corresponding to a set of the further unit pixels;
instructions to determine an error, wherein the instructions to determine the error include:
(i) instructions to determine a source matching error by identifying a disparity between (a) the discretized object model and (b) a packing plan or master data, wherein the packing plan indicates placement locations and poses of objects at the task location, and wherein the master data includes descriptions of possible objects that are pre-registered with the robotic system, or
(ii) instructions to determine a destination matching error by identifying a disparity between (a) the discretized platform model or the height measure and (b) an expected platform model or an expected height measure, respectively; and
instructions to adjust a placement location for the target object and/or another object based at least in part on the determined error. | 2,800 |
342,144 | 16,802,502 | 2,845 | According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a method, device and computer program product for job management are proposed. The method comprises: receiving, at a first device, status information of a first job sent by a second device at a first sending time, the first job running on the second device, the status information indicating a completion status of the first job; in accordance with a determination that the status information indicates the first job has not been completed, determining a send distribution period related to at least one second job different from the first job, the send distribution period covering respective sending times when devices running the at least one second job send status information of the at least one second job to the first device; and providing the second device an indication on a second sending time in the send distribution period, to instruct the second device to send further status information of the first job to the first device at the second sending time. Therefore, the present solution can achieve flexible self-adaptive job status information transmission. | 1. A method for job management, comprising:
receiving, at a first device, status information of a first job sent by a second device at a first sending time, the first job running on the second device, the status information indicating a completion status of the first job; in accordance with a determination that the status information indicates the first job has not been completed, determining a send distribution period related to at least one second job different from the first job, the send distribution period covering respective sending times when devices running the at least one second job send status information of the at least one second job to the first device; and providing the second device an indication on a second sending time in the send distribution period, to instruct the second device to send further status information of the first job to the first device at the second sending time. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the send distribution period comprises:
determining a current time as a start time of the send distribution period; determining an expected length of the send distribution period; and determining, based on the expected length of the send distribution period, an end time of the send distribution period. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein determining the expected length comprises:
obtaining resource usage of the first device and the respective sending time of the status information of the at least one second job; and determining the expected length based on the resource usage and the respective sending times of the status information of the at least one second job. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein obtaining the resource usage comprises obtaining at least one of the following:
processing resource usage of the first device; storage resource usage of the first device; and input/output usage of the first device. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein determining the expected length based on the resource usage and the respective sending times of the status information of the at least one second job, comprises:
computing a set of time intervals based on the respective sending times of the status information of the at least one second job, each time interval in the set of time intervals being a difference of two adjacent respective sending times; determining a future candidate period associated with the expected length; determining, based on the resource usage and the set of time intervals, expected resource usage of the first device within the candidate period; and in accordance with a determination that the expected resource usage is lower than a predetermined usage threshold and the candidate period has a time length greater than a predetermined time length, determining the time length as the expected length. 6. The method of claim 2, wherein determining the end time of the send distribution period comprises:
obtaining a sending time of status information of a last job in the at least one second job; and in accordance with a determination that the expected length exceeds an interval length between the sending time of the status information of the last job and the start time of the send distribution period,
adding the start time and the expected length, to determine the end time of the send distribution period; and
in accordance with a determination that the expected length is less than the interval length,
dividing the expected length by a number of the at least one second job, to obtain a divided result, and
adding the divided result and the sending time of the status information of the last job, to determine the end time of the send distribution period. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein providing the second device the indication on the second sending time in the send distribution period comprises:
determining two adjacent times having a maximum interval therebetween in the send distribution period; determining a candidate time falling between the two adjacent times as the second sending time; and providing the second device the indication on the second sending time. 8. A device for job management, comprising:
at least one processing unit; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processing unit and storing instructions executed by the at least one processing unit, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processing unit, causing the device to execute acts comprising:
receiving, at a first device, status information of a first job sent by a second device at a first sending time, the first job running on the second device, the status information indicating a completion status of the first job;
in accordance with a determination that the status information indicates the first job has not been completed, determining a send distribution period related to at least one second job different from the first job, the send distribution period covering respective sending times when devices running the at least one second job send status information of the at least one second job to the first device; and
providing the second device an indication on a second sending time in the send distribution period, to instruct the second device to send further status information of the first job to the first device at the second sending time. 9. The device of claim 8, wherein determining the send distribution period comprises:
determining a current time as a start time of the send distribution period; determining an expected length of the send distribution period; and determining, based on the expected length of the send distribution period, an end time of the send distribution period. 10. The device of claim 9, wherein determining the expected length comprises:
obtaining resource usage of the first device and the respective sending times of the status information of the at least one second job; and determining the expected length based on the resource usage and the respective sending times of the status information of the at least one second job. 11. The device of claim 10, wherein obtaining the resource usage comprises obtaining at least one of the following:
processing resource usage of the first device; storage resource usage of the first device; and input/output usage of the first device. 12. The device of claim 10, wherein determining the expected length based on the resource usage and the respective sending times of the status information of the at least one second job, comprises:
computing a set of time intervals based on the respective sending times of the status information of the at least one second job, each time interval in the set of time intervals being a difference of two adjacent respective sending times; determining a future candidate period associated with the expected length; determining, based on the resource usage and the set of time intervals, expected resource usage of the first device within the candidate period; and in accordance with a determination that the expected resource usage is lower than a predetermined usage threshold and the candidate period has a time length greater than a predetermined time length, determining the time length as the expected length. 13. The device of claim 9, wherein determining the end time of the send distribution period comprises:
obtaining a sending time of status information of a last job in the at least one second job; and in accordance with a determination that the expected length exceeds an interval length between the sending time of the status information of the last job and the start time of the send distribution period,
adding the start time and the expected length, to determine the end time of the send distribution period; and
in accordance with a determination that the expected length is less than the interval length,
dividing the expected length by a number of the at least one second job, to obtain a divided result, and
adding the divided result and the sending time of the status information of the last job, to determine the end time of the send distribution period. 14. The device of claim 8, wherein providing the second device the indication on the second sending time in the send distribution period comprises:
determining two adjacent times having a maximum interval therebetween in the send distribution period; determining a candidate time falling between the two adjacent times as the second sending time; and providing the second device the indication on the second sending time. 15. A computer program product, tangibly stored on a non-transitory computer-readable medium and including machine-executable instructions which, when executed, cause a machine to execute acts comprising:
receiving, at a first device, status information of a first job sent by a second device at a first sending time, the first job running on the second device, the status information indicating a completion status of the first job; in accordance with a determination that the status information indicates the first job has not been completed, determining a send distribution period related to at least one second job different from the first job, the send distribution period covering respective sending times when devices running the at least one second job send status information of the at least one second job to the first device; and providing the second device an indication on a second sending time in the send distribution period, to instruct the second device to send further status information of the first job to the first device at the second sending time. 16. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein determining the send distribution period comprises:
determining a current time as a start time of the send distribution period; determining an expected length of the send distribution period; and determining, based on the expected length of the send distribution period, an end time of the send distribution period. 17. The computer program product of claim 16, wherein determining the expected length comprises:
obtaining resource usage of the first device and the respective sending times of the status information of the at least one second job; and determining the expected length based on the resource usage and the respective sending times of the status information of the at least one second job. 18. The computer program product of claim 17, wherein obtaining the resource usage comprises obtaining at least one of the following:
processing resource usage of the first device; storage resource usage of the first device; and input/output usage of the first device. 19. The computer program product of claim 17, wherein determining the expected length based on the resource usage and the respective sending times of the status information of the at least one second job, comprises:
computing a set of time intervals based on the respective sending times of the status information of the at least one second job, each time interval in the set of time intervals being a difference of two adjacent respective sending times; determining a future candidate period associated with the expected length; determining, based on the resource usage and the set of time intervals, expected resource usage of the first device within the candidate period; and in accordance with a determination that the expected resource usage is lower than a predetermined usage threshold and the candidate period has a time length greater than a predetermined time length, determining the time length as the expected length. 20. The computer program product of claim 16, wherein determining the end time of the send distribution period comprises:
obtaining a sending time of status information of a last job in the at least one second job; and in accordance with a determination that the expected length exceeds an interval length between the sending time of the status information of the last job and the start time of the send distribution period,
adding the start time and the expected length, to determine the end time of the send distribution period; and
in accordance with a determination that the expected length is less than the interval length,
dividing the expected length by a number of the at least one second job, to obtain a divided result, and
adding the divided result and the sending time of the status information of the last job, to determine the end time of the send distribution period. 21. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein providing the second device the indication on the second sending time in the send distribution period comprises:
determining two adjacent times having a maximum interval therebetween in the send distribution period; determining a candidate time falling between the two adjacent times as the second sending time; and providing the second device the indication on the second sending time. | According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a method, device and computer program product for job management are proposed. The method comprises: receiving, at a first device, status information of a first job sent by a second device at a first sending time, the first job running on the second device, the status information indicating a completion status of the first job; in accordance with a determination that the status information indicates the first job has not been completed, determining a send distribution period related to at least one second job different from the first job, the send distribution period covering respective sending times when devices running the at least one second job send status information of the at least one second job to the first device; and providing the second device an indication on a second sending time in the send distribution period, to instruct the second device to send further status information of the first job to the first device at the second sending time. Therefore, the present solution can achieve flexible self-adaptive job status information transmission.1. A method for job management, comprising:
receiving, at a first device, status information of a first job sent by a second device at a first sending time, the first job running on the second device, the status information indicating a completion status of the first job; in accordance with a determination that the status information indicates the first job has not been completed, determining a send distribution period related to at least one second job different from the first job, the send distribution period covering respective sending times when devices running the at least one second job send status information of the at least one second job to the first device; and providing the second device an indication on a second sending time in the send distribution period, to instruct the second device to send further status information of the first job to the first device at the second sending time. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the send distribution period comprises:
determining a current time as a start time of the send distribution period; determining an expected length of the send distribution period; and determining, based on the expected length of the send distribution period, an end time of the send distribution period. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein determining the expected length comprises:
obtaining resource usage of the first device and the respective sending time of the status information of the at least one second job; and determining the expected length based on the resource usage and the respective sending times of the status information of the at least one second job. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein obtaining the resource usage comprises obtaining at least one of the following:
processing resource usage of the first device; storage resource usage of the first device; and input/output usage of the first device. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein determining the expected length based on the resource usage and the respective sending times of the status information of the at least one second job, comprises:
computing a set of time intervals based on the respective sending times of the status information of the at least one second job, each time interval in the set of time intervals being a difference of two adjacent respective sending times; determining a future candidate period associated with the expected length; determining, based on the resource usage and the set of time intervals, expected resource usage of the first device within the candidate period; and in accordance with a determination that the expected resource usage is lower than a predetermined usage threshold and the candidate period has a time length greater than a predetermined time length, determining the time length as the expected length. 6. The method of claim 2, wherein determining the end time of the send distribution period comprises:
obtaining a sending time of status information of a last job in the at least one second job; and in accordance with a determination that the expected length exceeds an interval length between the sending time of the status information of the last job and the start time of the send distribution period,
adding the start time and the expected length, to determine the end time of the send distribution period; and
in accordance with a determination that the expected length is less than the interval length,
dividing the expected length by a number of the at least one second job, to obtain a divided result, and
adding the divided result and the sending time of the status information of the last job, to determine the end time of the send distribution period. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein providing the second device the indication on the second sending time in the send distribution period comprises:
determining two adjacent times having a maximum interval therebetween in the send distribution period; determining a candidate time falling between the two adjacent times as the second sending time; and providing the second device the indication on the second sending time. 8. A device for job management, comprising:
at least one processing unit; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processing unit and storing instructions executed by the at least one processing unit, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processing unit, causing the device to execute acts comprising:
receiving, at a first device, status information of a first job sent by a second device at a first sending time, the first job running on the second device, the status information indicating a completion status of the first job;
in accordance with a determination that the status information indicates the first job has not been completed, determining a send distribution period related to at least one second job different from the first job, the send distribution period covering respective sending times when devices running the at least one second job send status information of the at least one second job to the first device; and
providing the second device an indication on a second sending time in the send distribution period, to instruct the second device to send further status information of the first job to the first device at the second sending time. 9. The device of claim 8, wherein determining the send distribution period comprises:
determining a current time as a start time of the send distribution period; determining an expected length of the send distribution period; and determining, based on the expected length of the send distribution period, an end time of the send distribution period. 10. The device of claim 9, wherein determining the expected length comprises:
obtaining resource usage of the first device and the respective sending times of the status information of the at least one second job; and determining the expected length based on the resource usage and the respective sending times of the status information of the at least one second job. 11. The device of claim 10, wherein obtaining the resource usage comprises obtaining at least one of the following:
processing resource usage of the first device; storage resource usage of the first device; and input/output usage of the first device. 12. The device of claim 10, wherein determining the expected length based on the resource usage and the respective sending times of the status information of the at least one second job, comprises:
computing a set of time intervals based on the respective sending times of the status information of the at least one second job, each time interval in the set of time intervals being a difference of two adjacent respective sending times; determining a future candidate period associated with the expected length; determining, based on the resource usage and the set of time intervals, expected resource usage of the first device within the candidate period; and in accordance with a determination that the expected resource usage is lower than a predetermined usage threshold and the candidate period has a time length greater than a predetermined time length, determining the time length as the expected length. 13. The device of claim 9, wherein determining the end time of the send distribution period comprises:
obtaining a sending time of status information of a last job in the at least one second job; and in accordance with a determination that the expected length exceeds an interval length between the sending time of the status information of the last job and the start time of the send distribution period,
adding the start time and the expected length, to determine the end time of the send distribution period; and
in accordance with a determination that the expected length is less than the interval length,
dividing the expected length by a number of the at least one second job, to obtain a divided result, and
adding the divided result and the sending time of the status information of the last job, to determine the end time of the send distribution period. 14. The device of claim 8, wherein providing the second device the indication on the second sending time in the send distribution period comprises:
determining two adjacent times having a maximum interval therebetween in the send distribution period; determining a candidate time falling between the two adjacent times as the second sending time; and providing the second device the indication on the second sending time. 15. A computer program product, tangibly stored on a non-transitory computer-readable medium and including machine-executable instructions which, when executed, cause a machine to execute acts comprising:
receiving, at a first device, status information of a first job sent by a second device at a first sending time, the first job running on the second device, the status information indicating a completion status of the first job; in accordance with a determination that the status information indicates the first job has not been completed, determining a send distribution period related to at least one second job different from the first job, the send distribution period covering respective sending times when devices running the at least one second job send status information of the at least one second job to the first device; and providing the second device an indication on a second sending time in the send distribution period, to instruct the second device to send further status information of the first job to the first device at the second sending time. 16. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein determining the send distribution period comprises:
determining a current time as a start time of the send distribution period; determining an expected length of the send distribution period; and determining, based on the expected length of the send distribution period, an end time of the send distribution period. 17. The computer program product of claim 16, wherein determining the expected length comprises:
obtaining resource usage of the first device and the respective sending times of the status information of the at least one second job; and determining the expected length based on the resource usage and the respective sending times of the status information of the at least one second job. 18. The computer program product of claim 17, wherein obtaining the resource usage comprises obtaining at least one of the following:
processing resource usage of the first device; storage resource usage of the first device; and input/output usage of the first device. 19. The computer program product of claim 17, wherein determining the expected length based on the resource usage and the respective sending times of the status information of the at least one second job, comprises:
computing a set of time intervals based on the respective sending times of the status information of the at least one second job, each time interval in the set of time intervals being a difference of two adjacent respective sending times; determining a future candidate period associated with the expected length; determining, based on the resource usage and the set of time intervals, expected resource usage of the first device within the candidate period; and in accordance with a determination that the expected resource usage is lower than a predetermined usage threshold and the candidate period has a time length greater than a predetermined time length, determining the time length as the expected length. 20. The computer program product of claim 16, wherein determining the end time of the send distribution period comprises:
obtaining a sending time of status information of a last job in the at least one second job; and in accordance with a determination that the expected length exceeds an interval length between the sending time of the status information of the last job and the start time of the send distribution period,
adding the start time and the expected length, to determine the end time of the send distribution period; and
in accordance with a determination that the expected length is less than the interval length,
dividing the expected length by a number of the at least one second job, to obtain a divided result, and
adding the divided result and the sending time of the status information of the last job, to determine the end time of the send distribution period. 21. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein providing the second device the indication on the second sending time in the send distribution period comprises:
determining two adjacent times having a maximum interval therebetween in the send distribution period; determining a candidate time falling between the two adjacent times as the second sending time; and providing the second device the indication on the second sending time. | 2,800 |
342,145 | 16,802,460 | 2,845 | The present invention discloses a method and an apparatus of determining frequency hopping for a channel, and a computer storage medium. The method includes: determining, by a terminal, a first bandwidth corresponding to a bandwidth part, where the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part is less than a second bandwidth corresponding to a system bandwidth; determining, by the terminal based on the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part, a frequency hopping step corresponding to an uplink channel; and determining, by the terminal based on the frequency hopping step corresponding to the uplink channel, a frequency domain position used for transmitting the uplink channel. | 1. A method of determining frequency hopping for a channel, the method comprising:
determining, by a terminal, a first bandwidth corresponding to a bandwidth part, wherein the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part is less than a second bandwidth corresponding to a system bandwidth; determining, by the terminal based on the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part, a frequency hopping step corresponding to an uplink channel; and determining, by the terminal based on the frequency hopping step corresponding to the uplink channel, a frequency domain position used for transmitting the uplink channel. 2. The method of determining frequency hopping for a channel of claim 1 wherein determining, by a terminal, a first bandwidth corresponding to a bandwidth part comprises:
receiving, by the terminal, first configuration information, and determining, based on the first configuration information, the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part. 3. The method of determining frequency hopping for a channel of claim 2 wherein receiving, by the terminal, first configuration information comprises:
receiving, by the terminal, radio resource control RRC signaling that carries the first configuration information; or
receiving, by the terminal, system information carrying the first configuration information. 4. The method of determining frequency hopping for a channel of claim 2 wherein receiving, by the terminal, first configuration information, and determining, based on the first configuration information, the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part comprises:
determining, by the terminal based on one piece of first configuration information when receiving the one piece of first configuration information, the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part; and
determining, by the terminal based on a plurality of pieces of first configuration information when receiving the plurality of pieces of first configuration information, a plurality of candidate first bandwidths corresponding to the bandwidth part; and selecting, from the plurality of candidate first bandwidths, the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part. 5. The method of determining frequency hopping for a channel of claim 1 wherein determining, by the terminal based on the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part, a frequency hopping step corresponding to an uplink channel comprises:
determining, by the terminal based on the following formula, the frequency hopping step corresponding to the uplink channel: WH=nW, wherein
WH is the frequency hopping step corresponding to the uplink channel,
W is the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part,
n is a proportionality coefficient,
n=1/m, and
m is a positive integer greater than 1. 6. The method of determining frequency hopping for a channel of claim 5 wherein, when WH is determined based on a formula WH=nW, WH=┌nW┐ or └nW┘, wherein ┌nW┐ represents a minimum integer greater than nW, and └nW┘ represents a maximum integer less than nW. 7. The method of determining frequency hopping for a channel of claim 5 further comprising:
determining, by the terminal, n or WH based on a preset value; or
receiving, by the terminal, second configuration information, and determining n or WH based on the second configuration information. 8. An apparatus of determining frequency hopping for a channel, the apparatus comprising:
a first determining unit, configured to determine a first bandwidth corresponding to a bandwidth part, wherein the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part is less than a second bandwidth corresponding to a system bandwidth; a second determining unit, configured to determine, based on the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part, a frequency hopping step corresponding to an uplink channel; and a third determining unit, configured to determine, based on the frequency hopping step corresponding to the uplink channel, a frequency domain position used for transmitting the uplink channel. 9. The apparatus of determining frequency hopping for a channel of claim 8 wherein the first determining unit comprises:
a first receiving subunit, configured to receive first configuration information; and
a first determining subunit, configured to determine, based on the first configuration information, the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part. 10. The apparatus of determining frequency hopping for a channel of claim 9 wherein the first receiving subunit is specifically configured to:
receive RRC signaling that carries the first configuration information; or
receive system information carrying the first configuration information. 11. The apparatus of determining frequency hopping for a channel of claim 9 wherein the first determining subunit is specifically configured to:
determine, based on one piece of first configuration information when the one piece of first configuration information is received, the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part;
determine, based on a plurality of pieces of first configuration information when the plurality of pieces of first configuration information is received, a plurality of candidate first bandwidths corresponding to the bandwidth part; and
select, from the plurality of candidate first bandwidths, the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part. 12. The apparatus of determining frequency hopping for a channel of claim 8 wherein the second determining unit is specifically configured to determine, based on the following formula, the frequency hopping step corresponding to the uplink channel: WH=nW, wherein:
WH is the frequency hopping step corresponding to the uplink channel,
W is the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part,
n is a proportionality coefficient,
n=1/m, and
m is a positive integer greater than 1. 13. The apparatus of determining frequency hopping for a channel of claim 12 wherein, when WH is determined based on a formula WH=nW, WH=┌nW┐ or └nW┘, wherein ┌nW┐ represents a minimum integer greater than nW, and └nW┘ represents a maximum integer less than nW. 14. The apparatus of determining frequency hopping for a channel of claim 12 wherein the second determining unit comprises:
a second determining subunit, configured to determine n or WH based on a preset value; or
a third receiving subunit, configured to receive second configuration information; and
a second determining subunit, configured to determine n or WH based on the second configuration information. 15. A computer system including:
one or more processors; and one or more memories storing computer-readable instructions that, upon execution by the one or more processors, configure the computer system to: determine, by a terminal, a first bandwidth corresponding to a bandwidth part, wherein the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part is less than a second bandwidth corresponding to a system bandwidth; determine, by the terminal based on the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part, a frequency hopping step corresponding to an uplink channel; and determine, by the terminal based on the frequency hopping step corresponding to the uplink channel, a frequency domain position used for transmitting the uplink channel. 16. The computer system of claim 15 wherein determining, by a terminal, a first bandwidth corresponding to a bandwidth part comprises:
receiving, by the terminal, first configuration information, and determining, based on the first configuration information, the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part. 17. The computer system of claim 16 wherein receiving, by the terminal, first configuration information comprises:
receiving, by the terminal, radio resource control RRC signaling that carries the first configuration information; or
receiving, by the terminal, system information carrying the first configuration information. 18. The computer system of claim 15 wherein determining, by the terminal based on the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part, a frequency hopping step corresponding to an uplink channel comprises:
determining, by the terminal based on the following formula, the frequency hopping step corresponding to the uplink channel: WH=nW, wherein WH is the frequency hopping step corresponding to the uplink channel, W is the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part, n is a proportionality coefficient, n=1/m, and m is a positive integer greater than 1. 19. The computer system of claim 18 wherein, when WH is determined based on a formula WH=nW, WH=┌nW┐ or └nW┘, wherein nW┐ represents a minimum integer greater than nW, and └nW┘ represents a maximum integer less than nW. 20. The computer system of claim 19 wherein the computer-readable instructions further configure the computer system to:
determine, by the terminal, n or WH based on a preset value; or
receive, by the terminal, second configuration information, and determine n or WH based on the second configuration information. | The present invention discloses a method and an apparatus of determining frequency hopping for a channel, and a computer storage medium. The method includes: determining, by a terminal, a first bandwidth corresponding to a bandwidth part, where the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part is less than a second bandwidth corresponding to a system bandwidth; determining, by the terminal based on the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part, a frequency hopping step corresponding to an uplink channel; and determining, by the terminal based on the frequency hopping step corresponding to the uplink channel, a frequency domain position used for transmitting the uplink channel.1. A method of determining frequency hopping for a channel, the method comprising:
determining, by a terminal, a first bandwidth corresponding to a bandwidth part, wherein the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part is less than a second bandwidth corresponding to a system bandwidth; determining, by the terminal based on the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part, a frequency hopping step corresponding to an uplink channel; and determining, by the terminal based on the frequency hopping step corresponding to the uplink channel, a frequency domain position used for transmitting the uplink channel. 2. The method of determining frequency hopping for a channel of claim 1 wherein determining, by a terminal, a first bandwidth corresponding to a bandwidth part comprises:
receiving, by the terminal, first configuration information, and determining, based on the first configuration information, the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part. 3. The method of determining frequency hopping for a channel of claim 2 wherein receiving, by the terminal, first configuration information comprises:
receiving, by the terminal, radio resource control RRC signaling that carries the first configuration information; or
receiving, by the terminal, system information carrying the first configuration information. 4. The method of determining frequency hopping for a channel of claim 2 wherein receiving, by the terminal, first configuration information, and determining, based on the first configuration information, the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part comprises:
determining, by the terminal based on one piece of first configuration information when receiving the one piece of first configuration information, the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part; and
determining, by the terminal based on a plurality of pieces of first configuration information when receiving the plurality of pieces of first configuration information, a plurality of candidate first bandwidths corresponding to the bandwidth part; and selecting, from the plurality of candidate first bandwidths, the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part. 5. The method of determining frequency hopping for a channel of claim 1 wherein determining, by the terminal based on the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part, a frequency hopping step corresponding to an uplink channel comprises:
determining, by the terminal based on the following formula, the frequency hopping step corresponding to the uplink channel: WH=nW, wherein
WH is the frequency hopping step corresponding to the uplink channel,
W is the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part,
n is a proportionality coefficient,
n=1/m, and
m is a positive integer greater than 1. 6. The method of determining frequency hopping for a channel of claim 5 wherein, when WH is determined based on a formula WH=nW, WH=┌nW┐ or └nW┘, wherein ┌nW┐ represents a minimum integer greater than nW, and └nW┘ represents a maximum integer less than nW. 7. The method of determining frequency hopping for a channel of claim 5 further comprising:
determining, by the terminal, n or WH based on a preset value; or
receiving, by the terminal, second configuration information, and determining n or WH based on the second configuration information. 8. An apparatus of determining frequency hopping for a channel, the apparatus comprising:
a first determining unit, configured to determine a first bandwidth corresponding to a bandwidth part, wherein the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part is less than a second bandwidth corresponding to a system bandwidth; a second determining unit, configured to determine, based on the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part, a frequency hopping step corresponding to an uplink channel; and a third determining unit, configured to determine, based on the frequency hopping step corresponding to the uplink channel, a frequency domain position used for transmitting the uplink channel. 9. The apparatus of determining frequency hopping for a channel of claim 8 wherein the first determining unit comprises:
a first receiving subunit, configured to receive first configuration information; and
a first determining subunit, configured to determine, based on the first configuration information, the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part. 10. The apparatus of determining frequency hopping for a channel of claim 9 wherein the first receiving subunit is specifically configured to:
receive RRC signaling that carries the first configuration information; or
receive system information carrying the first configuration information. 11. The apparatus of determining frequency hopping for a channel of claim 9 wherein the first determining subunit is specifically configured to:
determine, based on one piece of first configuration information when the one piece of first configuration information is received, the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part;
determine, based on a plurality of pieces of first configuration information when the plurality of pieces of first configuration information is received, a plurality of candidate first bandwidths corresponding to the bandwidth part; and
select, from the plurality of candidate first bandwidths, the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part. 12. The apparatus of determining frequency hopping for a channel of claim 8 wherein the second determining unit is specifically configured to determine, based on the following formula, the frequency hopping step corresponding to the uplink channel: WH=nW, wherein:
WH is the frequency hopping step corresponding to the uplink channel,
W is the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part,
n is a proportionality coefficient,
n=1/m, and
m is a positive integer greater than 1. 13. The apparatus of determining frequency hopping for a channel of claim 12 wherein, when WH is determined based on a formula WH=nW, WH=┌nW┐ or └nW┘, wherein ┌nW┐ represents a minimum integer greater than nW, and └nW┘ represents a maximum integer less than nW. 14. The apparatus of determining frequency hopping for a channel of claim 12 wherein the second determining unit comprises:
a second determining subunit, configured to determine n or WH based on a preset value; or
a third receiving subunit, configured to receive second configuration information; and
a second determining subunit, configured to determine n or WH based on the second configuration information. 15. A computer system including:
one or more processors; and one or more memories storing computer-readable instructions that, upon execution by the one or more processors, configure the computer system to: determine, by a terminal, a first bandwidth corresponding to a bandwidth part, wherein the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part is less than a second bandwidth corresponding to a system bandwidth; determine, by the terminal based on the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part, a frequency hopping step corresponding to an uplink channel; and determine, by the terminal based on the frequency hopping step corresponding to the uplink channel, a frequency domain position used for transmitting the uplink channel. 16. The computer system of claim 15 wherein determining, by a terminal, a first bandwidth corresponding to a bandwidth part comprises:
receiving, by the terminal, first configuration information, and determining, based on the first configuration information, the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part. 17. The computer system of claim 16 wherein receiving, by the terminal, first configuration information comprises:
receiving, by the terminal, radio resource control RRC signaling that carries the first configuration information; or
receiving, by the terminal, system information carrying the first configuration information. 18. The computer system of claim 15 wherein determining, by the terminal based on the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part, a frequency hopping step corresponding to an uplink channel comprises:
determining, by the terminal based on the following formula, the frequency hopping step corresponding to the uplink channel: WH=nW, wherein WH is the frequency hopping step corresponding to the uplink channel, W is the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part, n is a proportionality coefficient, n=1/m, and m is a positive integer greater than 1. 19. The computer system of claim 18 wherein, when WH is determined based on a formula WH=nW, WH=┌nW┐ or └nW┘, wherein nW┐ represents a minimum integer greater than nW, and └nW┘ represents a maximum integer less than nW. 20. The computer system of claim 19 wherein the computer-readable instructions further configure the computer system to:
determine, by the terminal, n or WH based on a preset value; or
receive, by the terminal, second configuration information, and determine n or WH based on the second configuration information. | 2,800 |
342,146 | 16,802,536 | 2,495 | The present invention discloses a method and an apparatus of determining frequency hopping for a channel, and a computer storage medium. The method includes: determining, by a terminal, a first bandwidth corresponding to a bandwidth part, where the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part is less than a second bandwidth corresponding to a system bandwidth; determining, by the terminal based on the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part, a frequency hopping step corresponding to an uplink channel; and determining, by the terminal based on the frequency hopping step corresponding to the uplink channel, a frequency domain position used for transmitting the uplink channel. | 1. A method of determining frequency hopping for a channel, the method comprising:
determining, by a terminal, a first bandwidth corresponding to a bandwidth part, wherein the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part is less than a second bandwidth corresponding to a system bandwidth; determining, by the terminal based on the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part, a frequency hopping step corresponding to an uplink channel; and determining, by the terminal based on the frequency hopping step corresponding to the uplink channel, a frequency domain position used for transmitting the uplink channel. 2. The method of determining frequency hopping for a channel of claim 1 wherein determining, by a terminal, a first bandwidth corresponding to a bandwidth part comprises:
receiving, by the terminal, first configuration information, and determining, based on the first configuration information, the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part. 3. The method of determining frequency hopping for a channel of claim 2 wherein receiving, by the terminal, first configuration information comprises:
receiving, by the terminal, radio resource control RRC signaling that carries the first configuration information; or
receiving, by the terminal, system information carrying the first configuration information. 4. The method of determining frequency hopping for a channel of claim 2 wherein receiving, by the terminal, first configuration information, and determining, based on the first configuration information, the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part comprises:
determining, by the terminal based on one piece of first configuration information when receiving the one piece of first configuration information, the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part; and
determining, by the terminal based on a plurality of pieces of first configuration information when receiving the plurality of pieces of first configuration information, a plurality of candidate first bandwidths corresponding to the bandwidth part; and selecting, from the plurality of candidate first bandwidths, the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part. 5. The method of determining frequency hopping for a channel of claim 1 wherein determining, by the terminal based on the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part, a frequency hopping step corresponding to an uplink channel comprises:
determining, by the terminal based on the following formula, the frequency hopping step corresponding to the uplink channel: WH=nW, wherein
WH is the frequency hopping step corresponding to the uplink channel,
W is the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part,
n is a proportionality coefficient,
n=1/m, and
m is a positive integer greater than 1. 6. The method of determining frequency hopping for a channel of claim 5 wherein, when WH is determined based on a formula WH=nW, WH=┌nW┐ or └nW┘, wherein ┌nW┐ represents a minimum integer greater than nW, and └nW┘ represents a maximum integer less than nW. 7. The method of determining frequency hopping for a channel of claim 5 further comprising:
determining, by the terminal, n or WH based on a preset value; or
receiving, by the terminal, second configuration information, and determining n or WH based on the second configuration information. 8. An apparatus of determining frequency hopping for a channel, the apparatus comprising:
a first determining unit, configured to determine a first bandwidth corresponding to a bandwidth part, wherein the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part is less than a second bandwidth corresponding to a system bandwidth; a second determining unit, configured to determine, based on the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part, a frequency hopping step corresponding to an uplink channel; and a third determining unit, configured to determine, based on the frequency hopping step corresponding to the uplink channel, a frequency domain position used for transmitting the uplink channel. 9. The apparatus of determining frequency hopping for a channel of claim 8 wherein the first determining unit comprises:
a first receiving subunit, configured to receive first configuration information; and
a first determining subunit, configured to determine, based on the first configuration information, the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part. 10. The apparatus of determining frequency hopping for a channel of claim 9 wherein the first receiving subunit is specifically configured to:
receive RRC signaling that carries the first configuration information; or
receive system information carrying the first configuration information. 11. The apparatus of determining frequency hopping for a channel of claim 9 wherein the first determining subunit is specifically configured to:
determine, based on one piece of first configuration information when the one piece of first configuration information is received, the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part;
determine, based on a plurality of pieces of first configuration information when the plurality of pieces of first configuration information is received, a plurality of candidate first bandwidths corresponding to the bandwidth part; and
select, from the plurality of candidate first bandwidths, the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part. 12. The apparatus of determining frequency hopping for a channel of claim 8 wherein the second determining unit is specifically configured to determine, based on the following formula, the frequency hopping step corresponding to the uplink channel: WH=nW, wherein:
WH is the frequency hopping step corresponding to the uplink channel,
W is the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part,
n is a proportionality coefficient,
n=1/m, and
m is a positive integer greater than 1. 13. The apparatus of determining frequency hopping for a channel of claim 12 wherein, when WH is determined based on a formula WH=nW, WH=┌nW┐ or └nW┘, wherein ┌nW┐ represents a minimum integer greater than nW, and └nW┘ represents a maximum integer less than nW. 14. The apparatus of determining frequency hopping for a channel of claim 12 wherein the second determining unit comprises:
a second determining subunit, configured to determine n or WH based on a preset value; or
a third receiving subunit, configured to receive second configuration information; and
a second determining subunit, configured to determine n or WH based on the second configuration information. 15. A computer system including:
one or more processors; and one or more memories storing computer-readable instructions that, upon execution by the one or more processors, configure the computer system to: determine, by a terminal, a first bandwidth corresponding to a bandwidth part, wherein the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part is less than a second bandwidth corresponding to a system bandwidth; determine, by the terminal based on the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part, a frequency hopping step corresponding to an uplink channel; and determine, by the terminal based on the frequency hopping step corresponding to the uplink channel, a frequency domain position used for transmitting the uplink channel. 16. The computer system of claim 15 wherein determining, by a terminal, a first bandwidth corresponding to a bandwidth part comprises:
receiving, by the terminal, first configuration information, and determining, based on the first configuration information, the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part. 17. The computer system of claim 16 wherein receiving, by the terminal, first configuration information comprises:
receiving, by the terminal, radio resource control RRC signaling that carries the first configuration information; or
receiving, by the terminal, system information carrying the first configuration information. 18. The computer system of claim 15 wherein determining, by the terminal based on the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part, a frequency hopping step corresponding to an uplink channel comprises:
determining, by the terminal based on the following formula, the frequency hopping step corresponding to the uplink channel: WH=nW, wherein WH is the frequency hopping step corresponding to the uplink channel, W is the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part, n is a proportionality coefficient, n=1/m, and m is a positive integer greater than 1. 19. The computer system of claim 18 wherein, when WH is determined based on a formula WH=nW, WH=┌nW┐ or └nW┘, wherein nW┐ represents a minimum integer greater than nW, and └nW┘ represents a maximum integer less than nW. 20. The computer system of claim 19 wherein the computer-readable instructions further configure the computer system to:
determine, by the terminal, n or WH based on a preset value; or
receive, by the terminal, second configuration information, and determine n or WH based on the second configuration information. | The present invention discloses a method and an apparatus of determining frequency hopping for a channel, and a computer storage medium. The method includes: determining, by a terminal, a first bandwidth corresponding to a bandwidth part, where the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part is less than a second bandwidth corresponding to a system bandwidth; determining, by the terminal based on the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part, a frequency hopping step corresponding to an uplink channel; and determining, by the terminal based on the frequency hopping step corresponding to the uplink channel, a frequency domain position used for transmitting the uplink channel.1. A method of determining frequency hopping for a channel, the method comprising:
determining, by a terminal, a first bandwidth corresponding to a bandwidth part, wherein the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part is less than a second bandwidth corresponding to a system bandwidth; determining, by the terminal based on the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part, a frequency hopping step corresponding to an uplink channel; and determining, by the terminal based on the frequency hopping step corresponding to the uplink channel, a frequency domain position used for transmitting the uplink channel. 2. The method of determining frequency hopping for a channel of claim 1 wherein determining, by a terminal, a first bandwidth corresponding to a bandwidth part comprises:
receiving, by the terminal, first configuration information, and determining, based on the first configuration information, the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part. 3. The method of determining frequency hopping for a channel of claim 2 wherein receiving, by the terminal, first configuration information comprises:
receiving, by the terminal, radio resource control RRC signaling that carries the first configuration information; or
receiving, by the terminal, system information carrying the first configuration information. 4. The method of determining frequency hopping for a channel of claim 2 wherein receiving, by the terminal, first configuration information, and determining, based on the first configuration information, the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part comprises:
determining, by the terminal based on one piece of first configuration information when receiving the one piece of first configuration information, the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part; and
determining, by the terminal based on a plurality of pieces of first configuration information when receiving the plurality of pieces of first configuration information, a plurality of candidate first bandwidths corresponding to the bandwidth part; and selecting, from the plurality of candidate first bandwidths, the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part. 5. The method of determining frequency hopping for a channel of claim 1 wherein determining, by the terminal based on the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part, a frequency hopping step corresponding to an uplink channel comprises:
determining, by the terminal based on the following formula, the frequency hopping step corresponding to the uplink channel: WH=nW, wherein
WH is the frequency hopping step corresponding to the uplink channel,
W is the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part,
n is a proportionality coefficient,
n=1/m, and
m is a positive integer greater than 1. 6. The method of determining frequency hopping for a channel of claim 5 wherein, when WH is determined based on a formula WH=nW, WH=┌nW┐ or └nW┘, wherein ┌nW┐ represents a minimum integer greater than nW, and └nW┘ represents a maximum integer less than nW. 7. The method of determining frequency hopping for a channel of claim 5 further comprising:
determining, by the terminal, n or WH based on a preset value; or
receiving, by the terminal, second configuration information, and determining n or WH based on the second configuration information. 8. An apparatus of determining frequency hopping for a channel, the apparatus comprising:
a first determining unit, configured to determine a first bandwidth corresponding to a bandwidth part, wherein the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part is less than a second bandwidth corresponding to a system bandwidth; a second determining unit, configured to determine, based on the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part, a frequency hopping step corresponding to an uplink channel; and a third determining unit, configured to determine, based on the frequency hopping step corresponding to the uplink channel, a frequency domain position used for transmitting the uplink channel. 9. The apparatus of determining frequency hopping for a channel of claim 8 wherein the first determining unit comprises:
a first receiving subunit, configured to receive first configuration information; and
a first determining subunit, configured to determine, based on the first configuration information, the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part. 10. The apparatus of determining frequency hopping for a channel of claim 9 wherein the first receiving subunit is specifically configured to:
receive RRC signaling that carries the first configuration information; or
receive system information carrying the first configuration information. 11. The apparatus of determining frequency hopping for a channel of claim 9 wherein the first determining subunit is specifically configured to:
determine, based on one piece of first configuration information when the one piece of first configuration information is received, the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part;
determine, based on a plurality of pieces of first configuration information when the plurality of pieces of first configuration information is received, a plurality of candidate first bandwidths corresponding to the bandwidth part; and
select, from the plurality of candidate first bandwidths, the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part. 12. The apparatus of determining frequency hopping for a channel of claim 8 wherein the second determining unit is specifically configured to determine, based on the following formula, the frequency hopping step corresponding to the uplink channel: WH=nW, wherein:
WH is the frequency hopping step corresponding to the uplink channel,
W is the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part,
n is a proportionality coefficient,
n=1/m, and
m is a positive integer greater than 1. 13. The apparatus of determining frequency hopping for a channel of claim 12 wherein, when WH is determined based on a formula WH=nW, WH=┌nW┐ or └nW┘, wherein ┌nW┐ represents a minimum integer greater than nW, and └nW┘ represents a maximum integer less than nW. 14. The apparatus of determining frequency hopping for a channel of claim 12 wherein the second determining unit comprises:
a second determining subunit, configured to determine n or WH based on a preset value; or
a third receiving subunit, configured to receive second configuration information; and
a second determining subunit, configured to determine n or WH based on the second configuration information. 15. A computer system including:
one or more processors; and one or more memories storing computer-readable instructions that, upon execution by the one or more processors, configure the computer system to: determine, by a terminal, a first bandwidth corresponding to a bandwidth part, wherein the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part is less than a second bandwidth corresponding to a system bandwidth; determine, by the terminal based on the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part, a frequency hopping step corresponding to an uplink channel; and determine, by the terminal based on the frequency hopping step corresponding to the uplink channel, a frequency domain position used for transmitting the uplink channel. 16. The computer system of claim 15 wherein determining, by a terminal, a first bandwidth corresponding to a bandwidth part comprises:
receiving, by the terminal, first configuration information, and determining, based on the first configuration information, the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part. 17. The computer system of claim 16 wherein receiving, by the terminal, first configuration information comprises:
receiving, by the terminal, radio resource control RRC signaling that carries the first configuration information; or
receiving, by the terminal, system information carrying the first configuration information. 18. The computer system of claim 15 wherein determining, by the terminal based on the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part, a frequency hopping step corresponding to an uplink channel comprises:
determining, by the terminal based on the following formula, the frequency hopping step corresponding to the uplink channel: WH=nW, wherein WH is the frequency hopping step corresponding to the uplink channel, W is the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part, n is a proportionality coefficient, n=1/m, and m is a positive integer greater than 1. 19. The computer system of claim 18 wherein, when WH is determined based on a formula WH=nW, WH=┌nW┐ or └nW┘, wherein nW┐ represents a minimum integer greater than nW, and └nW┘ represents a maximum integer less than nW. 20. The computer system of claim 19 wherein the computer-readable instructions further configure the computer system to:
determine, by the terminal, n or WH based on a preset value; or
receive, by the terminal, second configuration information, and determine n or WH based on the second configuration information. | 2,400 |
342,147 | 16,802,526 | 2,167 | The present invention discloses a method and an apparatus of determining frequency hopping for a channel, and a computer storage medium. The method includes: determining, by a terminal, a first bandwidth corresponding to a bandwidth part, where the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part is less than a second bandwidth corresponding to a system bandwidth; determining, by the terminal based on the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part, a frequency hopping step corresponding to an uplink channel; and determining, by the terminal based on the frequency hopping step corresponding to the uplink channel, a frequency domain position used for transmitting the uplink channel. | 1. A method of determining frequency hopping for a channel, the method comprising:
determining, by a terminal, a first bandwidth corresponding to a bandwidth part, wherein the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part is less than a second bandwidth corresponding to a system bandwidth; determining, by the terminal based on the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part, a frequency hopping step corresponding to an uplink channel; and determining, by the terminal based on the frequency hopping step corresponding to the uplink channel, a frequency domain position used for transmitting the uplink channel. 2. The method of determining frequency hopping for a channel of claim 1 wherein determining, by a terminal, a first bandwidth corresponding to a bandwidth part comprises:
receiving, by the terminal, first configuration information, and determining, based on the first configuration information, the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part. 3. The method of determining frequency hopping for a channel of claim 2 wherein receiving, by the terminal, first configuration information comprises:
receiving, by the terminal, radio resource control RRC signaling that carries the first configuration information; or
receiving, by the terminal, system information carrying the first configuration information. 4. The method of determining frequency hopping for a channel of claim 2 wherein receiving, by the terminal, first configuration information, and determining, based on the first configuration information, the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part comprises:
determining, by the terminal based on one piece of first configuration information when receiving the one piece of first configuration information, the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part; and
determining, by the terminal based on a plurality of pieces of first configuration information when receiving the plurality of pieces of first configuration information, a plurality of candidate first bandwidths corresponding to the bandwidth part; and selecting, from the plurality of candidate first bandwidths, the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part. 5. The method of determining frequency hopping for a channel of claim 1 wherein determining, by the terminal based on the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part, a frequency hopping step corresponding to an uplink channel comprises:
determining, by the terminal based on the following formula, the frequency hopping step corresponding to the uplink channel: WH=nW, wherein
WH is the frequency hopping step corresponding to the uplink channel,
W is the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part,
n is a proportionality coefficient,
n=1/m, and
m is a positive integer greater than 1. 6. The method of determining frequency hopping for a channel of claim 5 wherein, when WH is determined based on a formula WH=nW, WH=┌nW┐ or └nW┘, wherein ┌nW┐ represents a minimum integer greater than nW, and └nW┘ represents a maximum integer less than nW. 7. The method of determining frequency hopping for a channel of claim 5 further comprising:
determining, by the terminal, n or WH based on a preset value; or
receiving, by the terminal, second configuration information, and determining n or WH based on the second configuration information. 8. An apparatus of determining frequency hopping for a channel, the apparatus comprising:
a first determining unit, configured to determine a first bandwidth corresponding to a bandwidth part, wherein the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part is less than a second bandwidth corresponding to a system bandwidth; a second determining unit, configured to determine, based on the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part, a frequency hopping step corresponding to an uplink channel; and a third determining unit, configured to determine, based on the frequency hopping step corresponding to the uplink channel, a frequency domain position used for transmitting the uplink channel. 9. The apparatus of determining frequency hopping for a channel of claim 8 wherein the first determining unit comprises:
a first receiving subunit, configured to receive first configuration information; and
a first determining subunit, configured to determine, based on the first configuration information, the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part. 10. The apparatus of determining frequency hopping for a channel of claim 9 wherein the first receiving subunit is specifically configured to:
receive RRC signaling that carries the first configuration information; or
receive system information carrying the first configuration information. 11. The apparatus of determining frequency hopping for a channel of claim 9 wherein the first determining subunit is specifically configured to:
determine, based on one piece of first configuration information when the one piece of first configuration information is received, the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part;
determine, based on a plurality of pieces of first configuration information when the plurality of pieces of first configuration information is received, a plurality of candidate first bandwidths corresponding to the bandwidth part; and
select, from the plurality of candidate first bandwidths, the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part. 12. The apparatus of determining frequency hopping for a channel of claim 8 wherein the second determining unit is specifically configured to determine, based on the following formula, the frequency hopping step corresponding to the uplink channel: WH=nW, wherein:
WH is the frequency hopping step corresponding to the uplink channel,
W is the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part,
n is a proportionality coefficient,
n=1/m, and
m is a positive integer greater than 1. 13. The apparatus of determining frequency hopping for a channel of claim 12 wherein, when WH is determined based on a formula WH=nW, WH=┌nW┐ or └nW┘, wherein ┌nW┐ represents a minimum integer greater than nW, and └nW┘ represents a maximum integer less than nW. 14. The apparatus of determining frequency hopping for a channel of claim 12 wherein the second determining unit comprises:
a second determining subunit, configured to determine n or WH based on a preset value; or
a third receiving subunit, configured to receive second configuration information; and
a second determining subunit, configured to determine n or WH based on the second configuration information. 15. A computer system including:
one or more processors; and one or more memories storing computer-readable instructions that, upon execution by the one or more processors, configure the computer system to: determine, by a terminal, a first bandwidth corresponding to a bandwidth part, wherein the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part is less than a second bandwidth corresponding to a system bandwidth; determine, by the terminal based on the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part, a frequency hopping step corresponding to an uplink channel; and determine, by the terminal based on the frequency hopping step corresponding to the uplink channel, a frequency domain position used for transmitting the uplink channel. 16. The computer system of claim 15 wherein determining, by a terminal, a first bandwidth corresponding to a bandwidth part comprises:
receiving, by the terminal, first configuration information, and determining, based on the first configuration information, the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part. 17. The computer system of claim 16 wherein receiving, by the terminal, first configuration information comprises:
receiving, by the terminal, radio resource control RRC signaling that carries the first configuration information; or
receiving, by the terminal, system information carrying the first configuration information. 18. The computer system of claim 15 wherein determining, by the terminal based on the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part, a frequency hopping step corresponding to an uplink channel comprises:
determining, by the terminal based on the following formula, the frequency hopping step corresponding to the uplink channel: WH=nW, wherein WH is the frequency hopping step corresponding to the uplink channel, W is the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part, n is a proportionality coefficient, n=1/m, and m is a positive integer greater than 1. 19. The computer system of claim 18 wherein, when WH is determined based on a formula WH=nW, WH=┌nW┐ or └nW┘, wherein nW┐ represents a minimum integer greater than nW, and └nW┘ represents a maximum integer less than nW. 20. The computer system of claim 19 wherein the computer-readable instructions further configure the computer system to:
determine, by the terminal, n or WH based on a preset value; or
receive, by the terminal, second configuration information, and determine n or WH based on the second configuration information. | The present invention discloses a method and an apparatus of determining frequency hopping for a channel, and a computer storage medium. The method includes: determining, by a terminal, a first bandwidth corresponding to a bandwidth part, where the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part is less than a second bandwidth corresponding to a system bandwidth; determining, by the terminal based on the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part, a frequency hopping step corresponding to an uplink channel; and determining, by the terminal based on the frequency hopping step corresponding to the uplink channel, a frequency domain position used for transmitting the uplink channel.1. A method of determining frequency hopping for a channel, the method comprising:
determining, by a terminal, a first bandwidth corresponding to a bandwidth part, wherein the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part is less than a second bandwidth corresponding to a system bandwidth; determining, by the terminal based on the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part, a frequency hopping step corresponding to an uplink channel; and determining, by the terminal based on the frequency hopping step corresponding to the uplink channel, a frequency domain position used for transmitting the uplink channel. 2. The method of determining frequency hopping for a channel of claim 1 wherein determining, by a terminal, a first bandwidth corresponding to a bandwidth part comprises:
receiving, by the terminal, first configuration information, and determining, based on the first configuration information, the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part. 3. The method of determining frequency hopping for a channel of claim 2 wherein receiving, by the terminal, first configuration information comprises:
receiving, by the terminal, radio resource control RRC signaling that carries the first configuration information; or
receiving, by the terminal, system information carrying the first configuration information. 4. The method of determining frequency hopping for a channel of claim 2 wherein receiving, by the terminal, first configuration information, and determining, based on the first configuration information, the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part comprises:
determining, by the terminal based on one piece of first configuration information when receiving the one piece of first configuration information, the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part; and
determining, by the terminal based on a plurality of pieces of first configuration information when receiving the plurality of pieces of first configuration information, a plurality of candidate first bandwidths corresponding to the bandwidth part; and selecting, from the plurality of candidate first bandwidths, the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part. 5. The method of determining frequency hopping for a channel of claim 1 wherein determining, by the terminal based on the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part, a frequency hopping step corresponding to an uplink channel comprises:
determining, by the terminal based on the following formula, the frequency hopping step corresponding to the uplink channel: WH=nW, wherein
WH is the frequency hopping step corresponding to the uplink channel,
W is the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part,
n is a proportionality coefficient,
n=1/m, and
m is a positive integer greater than 1. 6. The method of determining frequency hopping for a channel of claim 5 wherein, when WH is determined based on a formula WH=nW, WH=┌nW┐ or └nW┘, wherein ┌nW┐ represents a minimum integer greater than nW, and └nW┘ represents a maximum integer less than nW. 7. The method of determining frequency hopping for a channel of claim 5 further comprising:
determining, by the terminal, n or WH based on a preset value; or
receiving, by the terminal, second configuration information, and determining n or WH based on the second configuration information. 8. An apparatus of determining frequency hopping for a channel, the apparatus comprising:
a first determining unit, configured to determine a first bandwidth corresponding to a bandwidth part, wherein the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part is less than a second bandwidth corresponding to a system bandwidth; a second determining unit, configured to determine, based on the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part, a frequency hopping step corresponding to an uplink channel; and a third determining unit, configured to determine, based on the frequency hopping step corresponding to the uplink channel, a frequency domain position used for transmitting the uplink channel. 9. The apparatus of determining frequency hopping for a channel of claim 8 wherein the first determining unit comprises:
a first receiving subunit, configured to receive first configuration information; and
a first determining subunit, configured to determine, based on the first configuration information, the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part. 10. The apparatus of determining frequency hopping for a channel of claim 9 wherein the first receiving subunit is specifically configured to:
receive RRC signaling that carries the first configuration information; or
receive system information carrying the first configuration information. 11. The apparatus of determining frequency hopping for a channel of claim 9 wherein the first determining subunit is specifically configured to:
determine, based on one piece of first configuration information when the one piece of first configuration information is received, the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part;
determine, based on a plurality of pieces of first configuration information when the plurality of pieces of first configuration information is received, a plurality of candidate first bandwidths corresponding to the bandwidth part; and
select, from the plurality of candidate first bandwidths, the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part. 12. The apparatus of determining frequency hopping for a channel of claim 8 wherein the second determining unit is specifically configured to determine, based on the following formula, the frequency hopping step corresponding to the uplink channel: WH=nW, wherein:
WH is the frequency hopping step corresponding to the uplink channel,
W is the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part,
n is a proportionality coefficient,
n=1/m, and
m is a positive integer greater than 1. 13. The apparatus of determining frequency hopping for a channel of claim 12 wherein, when WH is determined based on a formula WH=nW, WH=┌nW┐ or └nW┘, wherein ┌nW┐ represents a minimum integer greater than nW, and └nW┘ represents a maximum integer less than nW. 14. The apparatus of determining frequency hopping for a channel of claim 12 wherein the second determining unit comprises:
a second determining subunit, configured to determine n or WH based on a preset value; or
a third receiving subunit, configured to receive second configuration information; and
a second determining subunit, configured to determine n or WH based on the second configuration information. 15. A computer system including:
one or more processors; and one or more memories storing computer-readable instructions that, upon execution by the one or more processors, configure the computer system to: determine, by a terminal, a first bandwidth corresponding to a bandwidth part, wherein the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part is less than a second bandwidth corresponding to a system bandwidth; determine, by the terminal based on the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part, a frequency hopping step corresponding to an uplink channel; and determine, by the terminal based on the frequency hopping step corresponding to the uplink channel, a frequency domain position used for transmitting the uplink channel. 16. The computer system of claim 15 wherein determining, by a terminal, a first bandwidth corresponding to a bandwidth part comprises:
receiving, by the terminal, first configuration information, and determining, based on the first configuration information, the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part. 17. The computer system of claim 16 wherein receiving, by the terminal, first configuration information comprises:
receiving, by the terminal, radio resource control RRC signaling that carries the first configuration information; or
receiving, by the terminal, system information carrying the first configuration information. 18. The computer system of claim 15 wherein determining, by the terminal based on the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part, a frequency hopping step corresponding to an uplink channel comprises:
determining, by the terminal based on the following formula, the frequency hopping step corresponding to the uplink channel: WH=nW, wherein WH is the frequency hopping step corresponding to the uplink channel, W is the first bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth part, n is a proportionality coefficient, n=1/m, and m is a positive integer greater than 1. 19. The computer system of claim 18 wherein, when WH is determined based on a formula WH=nW, WH=┌nW┐ or └nW┘, wherein nW┐ represents a minimum integer greater than nW, and └nW┘ represents a maximum integer less than nW. 20. The computer system of claim 19 wherein the computer-readable instructions further configure the computer system to:
determine, by the terminal, n or WH based on a preset value; or
receive, by the terminal, second configuration information, and determine n or WH based on the second configuration information. | 2,100 |
342,148 | 16,802,492 | 2,167 | A policy engine validates one or more security tokens in an authenticated request using a sequence of partial policy validations. Multiple policies may be applied to the security token using the work product generated from each failed policy. The policy that succeeds in validating the security token has a portion of its work performed through previously-failed policies that did not complete successfully. In this manner, the validation of a policy is performed faster and more efficiently since the previous processing is not repeated whenever a new policy is applied. | 1. A system comprising:
one or more processors coupled to a memory; and one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more programs including instructions that: receive an authenticated request to access a resource of a web service, the authenticated request including a security token, the resource associated with a plurality of policies, a policy having a plurality of rules that when satisfied validate the security token, the security token generated by an identity provider having authenticated an entity seeking access to the resource, a policy associated with a distinct identity provider; select a first policy of the plurality of policies associated with the resource; apply one or more rules of the first policy to validate the security token; and upon failure of at least one of the one or more rules of the first policy, utilize one or more additional policies associated with the resource to validate remaining segments of the security token when a rule of a succeeding policy fails, wherein each additional policy utilizes data processed by a preceding policy. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more instructions include further instructions that validate a second security token in the authentication request using a second sequence of partial policy validations. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more instructions include further instructions that validate the security token in the authentication request through successful completion of all rules of a single policy. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more instructions include further instructions that: upon failure of each policy, deny the application access to the resource. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the security token is a JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) Web Token. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein a rule indicates how to decode the security token. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein a rule indicates how to check a signature of the security token 8. A method, comprising:
receiving, at a web service, a security token in an authenticated request, the security token representing trust of an application seeking access to a resource at the web service, the security token issued by a first authentication server; associating the resource with a plurality of policies, a policy associated with a distinct authentication server; and validating the security token through a sequence of partial policy validations, wherein each partial policy validation transmits work product generated in processing the security token in a preceding failed policy to a succeeding policy in the sequence. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
selecting a first policy to validate the security token; applying at least one rule of the first policy to the security token; tracking work product generated in processing the at least one rule; and upon detecting that a second rule of the first policy fails, selecting a second policy to continue validation of the security token. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
applying a rule of the second policy that has not been applied by the first policy; upon successful application of remaining rules of the second policy, permit access to the resource. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
upon failure of application of the rule of the second policy, select a third policy to continue validation of the security token. 12. The method of claim 8, wherein the authenticated request is transmitted via a HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) message. 13. The method of claim 8, wherein the security token is a JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) Web Token (JWT). 14. The method of claim 8, wherein a rule indicates a technique to check a signature of the security token. 15. The method of claim 8, wherein a rule indicates an issuer of the security token. 16. A device, comprising:
a processor coupled to a memory; wherein the processor is configured to perform actions that:
obtain an authenticated request at a web service, the authenticated request including at least one security token, the authenticated request associated with access to a resource at the web service;
apply a sequence of policies to validate the at least one security token, a security token generated by a distinct identity provider, a policy including a plurality of rules that validate a security token, wherein the sequence of policies includes a first policy that failed to apply at least one rule to the security token and one or more succeeding policies that applied a rule to the security token, wherein work product performed by each rule of a policy in the sequence is transmitted to the one or more succeeding policies; and
upon successful validation of the security token, permit access to the resource. 17. The device of claim 16, wherein a rule indicates a technique to decode the security token. 18. The device of claim 16, wherein a rule indicates a technique to check a signature of the security token. 19. The device of claim 16, wherein a rule indicates an audience of the security token. 20. The device of claim 16, wherein a rule indicates an issuer of the security token. | A policy engine validates one or more security tokens in an authenticated request using a sequence of partial policy validations. Multiple policies may be applied to the security token using the work product generated from each failed policy. The policy that succeeds in validating the security token has a portion of its work performed through previously-failed policies that did not complete successfully. In this manner, the validation of a policy is performed faster and more efficiently since the previous processing is not repeated whenever a new policy is applied.1. A system comprising:
one or more processors coupled to a memory; and one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more programs including instructions that: receive an authenticated request to access a resource of a web service, the authenticated request including a security token, the resource associated with a plurality of policies, a policy having a plurality of rules that when satisfied validate the security token, the security token generated by an identity provider having authenticated an entity seeking access to the resource, a policy associated with a distinct identity provider; select a first policy of the plurality of policies associated with the resource; apply one or more rules of the first policy to validate the security token; and upon failure of at least one of the one or more rules of the first policy, utilize one or more additional policies associated with the resource to validate remaining segments of the security token when a rule of a succeeding policy fails, wherein each additional policy utilizes data processed by a preceding policy. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more instructions include further instructions that validate a second security token in the authentication request using a second sequence of partial policy validations. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more instructions include further instructions that validate the security token in the authentication request through successful completion of all rules of a single policy. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more instructions include further instructions that: upon failure of each policy, deny the application access to the resource. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the security token is a JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) Web Token. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein a rule indicates how to decode the security token. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein a rule indicates how to check a signature of the security token 8. A method, comprising:
receiving, at a web service, a security token in an authenticated request, the security token representing trust of an application seeking access to a resource at the web service, the security token issued by a first authentication server; associating the resource with a plurality of policies, a policy associated with a distinct authentication server; and validating the security token through a sequence of partial policy validations, wherein each partial policy validation transmits work product generated in processing the security token in a preceding failed policy to a succeeding policy in the sequence. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
selecting a first policy to validate the security token; applying at least one rule of the first policy to the security token; tracking work product generated in processing the at least one rule; and upon detecting that a second rule of the first policy fails, selecting a second policy to continue validation of the security token. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
applying a rule of the second policy that has not been applied by the first policy; upon successful application of remaining rules of the second policy, permit access to the resource. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
upon failure of application of the rule of the second policy, select a third policy to continue validation of the security token. 12. The method of claim 8, wherein the authenticated request is transmitted via a HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) message. 13. The method of claim 8, wherein the security token is a JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) Web Token (JWT). 14. The method of claim 8, wherein a rule indicates a technique to check a signature of the security token. 15. The method of claim 8, wherein a rule indicates an issuer of the security token. 16. A device, comprising:
a processor coupled to a memory; wherein the processor is configured to perform actions that:
obtain an authenticated request at a web service, the authenticated request including at least one security token, the authenticated request associated with access to a resource at the web service;
apply a sequence of policies to validate the at least one security token, a security token generated by a distinct identity provider, a policy including a plurality of rules that validate a security token, wherein the sequence of policies includes a first policy that failed to apply at least one rule to the security token and one or more succeeding policies that applied a rule to the security token, wherein work product performed by each rule of a policy in the sequence is transmitted to the one or more succeeding policies; and
upon successful validation of the security token, permit access to the resource. 17. The device of claim 16, wherein a rule indicates a technique to decode the security token. 18. The device of claim 16, wherein a rule indicates a technique to check a signature of the security token. 19. The device of claim 16, wherein a rule indicates an audience of the security token. 20. The device of claim 16, wherein a rule indicates an issuer of the security token. | 2,100 |
342,149 | 16,802,533 | 2,167 | Embodiments of the disclosure provide humidifiers and methods for regulating a humidity in an environment using the humidifiers. An exemplary humidifier may include a water tank configured to store a supply of water and a chamber in fluid communication with the water tank. The chamber may be configured to receive the supply of water. The humidifier may also include a mist generator disposed in the chamber and configured to generate a mist of water droplets from the supply of water. The humidifier may also include a tube in fluid communication with the chamber to direct the mist of water droplets to flow from the chamber to an exterior space through an outlet of the humidifier. The humidifier may further include a mist accelerator disposed in proximity to the outlet and configured to generate a forced air flow to accelerate the mist of water droplets flowing out from the outlet. | 1. A humidifier, comprising:
a water tank configured to store a supply of water; a chamber in fluid communication with the water tank and configured to receive the supply of water; a mist generator disposed in the chamber and configured to generate a mist of water droplets from the supply of water; a tube in fluid communication with the chamber to direct the mist of water droplets to flow from the chamber to an exterior space through an outlet of the humidifier; and a mist accelerator disposed in proximity to the outlet and configured to generate a forced air flow to accelerate the mist of water droplets flowing out from the outlet. 2. The humidifier of claim 1, wherein:
the outlet is configured to direct the mist of water droplets flowing out from the outlet in a first direction; and the mist accelerator is configured to generate the forced air flow to flow in a second direction. 3. The humidifier of claim 2, wherein the first direction is substantially parallel to the second direction. 4. The humidifier of claim 2, wherein the first direction traverses the second direction. 5. The humidifier of claim 4, wherein the first direction traverses the second direction at a predetermined angle. 6. The humidifier of claim 2, wherein the mist accelerator is movably disposed in proximity to the outlet to allow adjustment of the second direction. 7. The humidifier of claim 1, wherein the mist accelerator includes a fan to generate the forced air flow. 8. The humidifier of claim 7, wherein the fan is configured to draw the mist of water droplets flowing out from the outlet toward the fan. 9. The humidifier of claim 7, wherein the fan is configured to push the mist of water droplets flowing out from the outlet away from the fan. 10. The humidifier of claim 7, wherein:
the fan includes at least one blade in a center portion of the fan to generate the forced air flow. 11. The humidifier of claim 1, comprising:
a humidity sensor configured to detect a humidity level in an environment around the humidifier and generate a signal indicating the humidity level; and a controller communicatively coupled to the humidity sensor and configured to:
receive the signal indicating the humidity level;
determine whether the humidity level reaches a threshold based on the signal; and
control the mist accelerator to adjust the forced air flow based on the determination. 12. An ultrasonic humidifier, comprising:
a water tank configured to store water; a cover movably disposed above the water tank to allow refilling of the water tank; a chamber in fluid communication with the water tank and configured to receive a supply of water; an ultrasonic transducer disposed in the chamber and configured to generate a mist of water droplets from the supply of water; a tube in fluid communication with the chamber to direct the mist of water droplets to flow from the chamber to an exterior space through an outlet disposed on the cover; a fan disposed on the cover and configured to generate an air flow to accelerate the mist of water droplets flowing out from the outlet. 13. The ultrasonic humidifier of claim 12, comprising a nozzle disposed at the outlet and configured to direct the mist of water droplets flowing out from the outlet toward the fan. 14. The ultrasonic humidifier of claim 12, wherein the fan is angularly disposed on the cover to generate the air flow that flows along a first direction that is non-perpendicular to a horizontal plane. 15. The ultrasonic humidifier of claim 14, wherein a position of the fan is adjustable to adjust the first direction. 16. The ultrasonic humidifier of claim 15, wherein the fan is rotatably connected to the ultrasonic humidifier by a handle to allow adjustment of the position of the fan. 17. The ultrasonic humidifier of claim 12, comprising:
a second fan disposed at a bottom portion of the ultrasonic humidifier, wherein the second fan is configured to generate a second air flow to move the mist of water droplets generated by the ultrasonic transducer from the chamber toward the outlet along the tube. 18. A method for regulating a humidity in an environment using a humidifier, the method comprising:
providing a supply of water in a chamber of the humidifier; generating a mist of water droplets from the supply of water in the chamber using an ultrasound transducer; directing the mist of water droplets from the chamber to the environment exterior to the humidifier through an outlet of the humidifier; and accelerating the mist of water droplets flowing out from the outlet using a forced air flow generated by a mist accelerator disposed in proximity to the outlet. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein accelerating the mist of water droplets comprises:
accelerating the mist of water droplets flowing out from the outlet using the forced air flow by drawing the mist toward the mist accelerator or pushing the mist away from the mist accelerator. 20. The method of claim 18, comprising:
detecting, by a humidity sensor, a humidity level in the environment; generating, by the humidity sensor, a signal indicating the humidity level; receiving, by a controller communicatively coupled to the humidity sensor, the signal; determining, by the controller, whether the humidity level reaches a threshold based on the signal; and controlling, by the controller, the mist accelerator to adjust the forced air flow based on the determination. | Embodiments of the disclosure provide humidifiers and methods for regulating a humidity in an environment using the humidifiers. An exemplary humidifier may include a water tank configured to store a supply of water and a chamber in fluid communication with the water tank. The chamber may be configured to receive the supply of water. The humidifier may also include a mist generator disposed in the chamber and configured to generate a mist of water droplets from the supply of water. The humidifier may also include a tube in fluid communication with the chamber to direct the mist of water droplets to flow from the chamber to an exterior space through an outlet of the humidifier. The humidifier may further include a mist accelerator disposed in proximity to the outlet and configured to generate a forced air flow to accelerate the mist of water droplets flowing out from the outlet.1. A humidifier, comprising:
a water tank configured to store a supply of water; a chamber in fluid communication with the water tank and configured to receive the supply of water; a mist generator disposed in the chamber and configured to generate a mist of water droplets from the supply of water; a tube in fluid communication with the chamber to direct the mist of water droplets to flow from the chamber to an exterior space through an outlet of the humidifier; and a mist accelerator disposed in proximity to the outlet and configured to generate a forced air flow to accelerate the mist of water droplets flowing out from the outlet. 2. The humidifier of claim 1, wherein:
the outlet is configured to direct the mist of water droplets flowing out from the outlet in a first direction; and the mist accelerator is configured to generate the forced air flow to flow in a second direction. 3. The humidifier of claim 2, wherein the first direction is substantially parallel to the second direction. 4. The humidifier of claim 2, wherein the first direction traverses the second direction. 5. The humidifier of claim 4, wherein the first direction traverses the second direction at a predetermined angle. 6. The humidifier of claim 2, wherein the mist accelerator is movably disposed in proximity to the outlet to allow adjustment of the second direction. 7. The humidifier of claim 1, wherein the mist accelerator includes a fan to generate the forced air flow. 8. The humidifier of claim 7, wherein the fan is configured to draw the mist of water droplets flowing out from the outlet toward the fan. 9. The humidifier of claim 7, wherein the fan is configured to push the mist of water droplets flowing out from the outlet away from the fan. 10. The humidifier of claim 7, wherein:
the fan includes at least one blade in a center portion of the fan to generate the forced air flow. 11. The humidifier of claim 1, comprising:
a humidity sensor configured to detect a humidity level in an environment around the humidifier and generate a signal indicating the humidity level; and a controller communicatively coupled to the humidity sensor and configured to:
receive the signal indicating the humidity level;
determine whether the humidity level reaches a threshold based on the signal; and
control the mist accelerator to adjust the forced air flow based on the determination. 12. An ultrasonic humidifier, comprising:
a water tank configured to store water; a cover movably disposed above the water tank to allow refilling of the water tank; a chamber in fluid communication with the water tank and configured to receive a supply of water; an ultrasonic transducer disposed in the chamber and configured to generate a mist of water droplets from the supply of water; a tube in fluid communication with the chamber to direct the mist of water droplets to flow from the chamber to an exterior space through an outlet disposed on the cover; a fan disposed on the cover and configured to generate an air flow to accelerate the mist of water droplets flowing out from the outlet. 13. The ultrasonic humidifier of claim 12, comprising a nozzle disposed at the outlet and configured to direct the mist of water droplets flowing out from the outlet toward the fan. 14. The ultrasonic humidifier of claim 12, wherein the fan is angularly disposed on the cover to generate the air flow that flows along a first direction that is non-perpendicular to a horizontal plane. 15. The ultrasonic humidifier of claim 14, wherein a position of the fan is adjustable to adjust the first direction. 16. The ultrasonic humidifier of claim 15, wherein the fan is rotatably connected to the ultrasonic humidifier by a handle to allow adjustment of the position of the fan. 17. The ultrasonic humidifier of claim 12, comprising:
a second fan disposed at a bottom portion of the ultrasonic humidifier, wherein the second fan is configured to generate a second air flow to move the mist of water droplets generated by the ultrasonic transducer from the chamber toward the outlet along the tube. 18. A method for regulating a humidity in an environment using a humidifier, the method comprising:
providing a supply of water in a chamber of the humidifier; generating a mist of water droplets from the supply of water in the chamber using an ultrasound transducer; directing the mist of water droplets from the chamber to the environment exterior to the humidifier through an outlet of the humidifier; and accelerating the mist of water droplets flowing out from the outlet using a forced air flow generated by a mist accelerator disposed in proximity to the outlet. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein accelerating the mist of water droplets comprises:
accelerating the mist of water droplets flowing out from the outlet using the forced air flow by drawing the mist toward the mist accelerator or pushing the mist away from the mist accelerator. 20. The method of claim 18, comprising:
detecting, by a humidity sensor, a humidity level in the environment; generating, by the humidity sensor, a signal indicating the humidity level; receiving, by a controller communicatively coupled to the humidity sensor, the signal; determining, by the controller, whether the humidity level reaches a threshold based on the signal; and controlling, by the controller, the mist accelerator to adjust the forced air flow based on the determination. | 2,100 |
342,150 | 16,802,506 | 2,167 | Methods are provided for determining the residence age of petroleum fluids in subsurface reservoirs. The methods facilitate the determination of the geological timing of the emplacement of a petroleum fluid in a porous reservoir, as distinct from the timing of petroleum generation in, and expulsion from, a source rock. | 1. A method for dating the residence age (RA), of a petroleum fluid in a petroleum reservoir, comprising:
determining the local matrix nuclear radiation dose rates for a solid reservoir matrix at one or more locations (drQ), and selecting one or more distinct sample locations within the reservoir each having a distinct matrix radiation dose rate of nuclear radiation; obtaining reservoir petroleum fluid samples from one or more distinct sample locations, wherein the reservoir fluid in the samples contains a radiological proxy moiety that is a marker for a proxy chemical transformation of the reservoir fluid in response to a total radiation dose absorbed from matrix radiation over a geological time span, and where the proxy chemical transformation rate in response to a metered radiation dose of the matrix radiation can be determined in the laboratory by irradiation of fluid samples at dose rates higher than those found in a geological environment; determining the concentration of the radiological proxy in the reservoir fluid samples from the distinct sample locations, the concentration of the radiological proxy in each sample being proportionate to a total radiation dose for the reservoir fluid sampled at each of the respective sample locations, so that a total radiation dose signal for each sample (Qtotal) can be calculated from the concentration of the radiological proxy in each sample; assessing the fractional contribution of the local reservoir radiation dose (Qreservoir), to the total radiation dose received by the fluid sample during its complete history from the source rock through to the reservoir; and, calculating the nominal duration of exposure within the reservoir, of each of the reservoir fluid samples (RA), to the respective local reservoir radiation dose rates (drQ), based on the calculated local radiation dose signal for each sample obtained from the proxy concentration, and the local radiation dose rate. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining the RA of the hydrocarbon reservoir fluid at a plurality of reservoir zones. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the matrix radiation is gamma radiation, or wherein the metered radiation comprises gamma ray photons, at dose rates ranging from 0.01 Gy/h to 30 Gy/h. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the radiological proxy moiety comprises a measured isotopic or spectroscopic property of a petroleum or petroleum subfraction; a concentration of a defined and analytically accessible saturated or aromatic hydrocarbon, or sulphur or oxygen or metal bearing organic compound, or the bulk concentration of a functional group or structural moiety in the petroleum or in a petroleum subfraction, that responds in a defined manner, to an incurred dose of nuclear radiation from a reservoir medium. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the radiological proxy moiety comprises:
a measured concentration of olefinic carbon or hydrogen; or, a measured concentration of one or more normal alkanes, acyclic branched chain or cyclic alkanes including biomarker alkanes; or, a measured concentration of one or more, alkylated or non-alkylated aromatic hydrocarbons, including aromatic biomarker compounds, or an alkylated or non-alkylated aromatic hetero compound containing sulphur, nitrogen, oxygen or another heteroatom. 6. The method of claim 4, whereby a concentration increase of a radiological proxy moiety is used to assess incurred radiation dose; or, whereby a concentration decrease of a radiological proxy moiety is used to assess incurred radiation dose. 7. The method of claim 4, whereby the stable carbon isotopic composition of methane or a light hydrocarbon is used as a radiological proxy. 8. The method of claim 1, whereby the sample specific change in concentration of a radiological proxy to an increment of radiation dose is assessed in terms of its sensitivity to incurred radiation dose (sproxy). 9. The method of claim 8, which involves determining in an assay the unique quantitative response of the radiological proxies, individual compounds, fractions or functional groups components in a petroleum, to progressively increasing radiation doses, comparable to those experienced by petroleum fluids in the natural reservoir. 10. The method of claim 9, whereby the behavior and sensitivity of the radiological proxy to incurred radiation dose (sproxy), is determined by measuring the chemical and/or stable isotopic composition of the initial reservoir petroleum fluid sample and aliquots of the same sample after exposure to different laboratory accumulated radiation doses at dose levels comparable to those commonly experienced by petroleum reservoirs over geological timescales. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the radiation dose deriving from the reservoir (drtotal) is determined by use of a composite or spectral gamma ray logging tool, or other radiation detection system or by using radioactive element decay theory and analysis of radioactive isotope concentrations in the reservoir medium selected from a group consisting of uranium, thorium, potassium, radon or other radioactive element isotopes. 12. The method of claim 1, whereby the total radiation dose received by a petroleum fluid sample from the reservoir medium (Qreservoir) is determined as a fraction of the total radiation dose (Qtotal) received by the petroleum fluid as determined using a radiological proxy, throughout its entire source rock to reservoir history, by comparing the total radiation dose accumulated by a petroleum sample near a more radioactive part of the reservoir with the total radiation dose accumulated by a petroleum sample from a part of the reservoir with low radioactivity and assuming the total dose accumulated by petroleum reservoir fluids while in the source rock and during migration remains essentially constant for all the petroleum reservoir fluids in the reservoir. 13. The method of claim 12, whereby the relative proportions of the total dose rate signal from the gamma-ray log near a more radioactive reservoir location and that found in a less radioactive reservoir section, allow us to calculate a scaling factor or ratio for reservoir related radiation dose versus the radiation dose acquired by the petroleum sample while in the source rock and carrier bed. 14. A method for dating residence age of a hydrocarbon reservoir fluid in a hydrocarbon reservoir, comprising:
determining local matrix radiation dose rates for a solid reservoir matrix at a plurality of locations, and selecting a plurality of distinct sample locations within the reservoir each having a distinct matrix radiation dose rate of a matrix radiation; obtaining a plurality of reservoir fluid samples from two or more of the distinct sample locations, wherein the reservoir fluid in the samples comprises a radiological proxy moiety that is a marker for a proxy chemical transformation of the reservoir fluid in response to a total radiation dose of the matrix radiation over a geological time span, and wherein a proxy chemical transformation rate in response to an metered radiation dose of the matrix radiation is such that a changing concentration of the radiological proxy is measurable over a measurement time span that is less than 1 year, where the metered radiation dose rate is greater than the natural matrix radiation dose rates; determining the concentration of the radiological proxy in the reservoir fluid samples from distinct sample locations, the concentration of the radiological proxy in each sample being proportionate to a total radiation dose for the reservoir fluid sampled at each of the respective sample locations, so that a total radiation dose signal for each sample (Qtotal) can be calculated from the concentration of the radiological proxy in each sample; calculating the nominal duration of exposure of each of the reservoir fluid samples to the respective matrix radiation dose rates based on the calculated total radiation dose signal for each sample; setting a concentration of source rock derived radiation dose proxy in the reservoir fluid at a constant value (Qsource) for at least two of the sample locations, being proximate sample locations within 10 meters of each other in the reservoir, then subtracting Qsource from Qtotal for each sample to obtain a local in-reservoir radiation dose signal (Qreservoir) for each sample; and, assuming the same residence age (RA) for fluids within a reservoir zone containing the proximate sample locations, determining an emplacement time, at which the reservoir fluid samples from the proximate sample locations each became subject to the distinct matrix radiation dose rates at each respective proximate sample location, the difference between present time and the emplacement time being the RA of the hydrocarbon reservoir fluid in the reservoir zone containing the proximate sample locations. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising determining the RA of the hydrocarbon reservoir fluid at a plurality of reservoir zones, each respectively containing at least two proximate sample locations. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the matrix radiation is gamma radiation. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein the radiological proxy moiety comprises a measured concentration of olefin hydrogens. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein the metered radiation comprises gamma ray photons with an energy between 0.5 and 2.5 MeV, at dose rates ranging from 0.01 Gy/h to 30 Gy/h. 19. The method of claim 14, further comprising measuring a concentration of the radiological proxy in a source rock for the hydrocarbon reservoir. 20. The method of claim 14, further comprising determining a rate of chemical transformation of the radiological proxy compound in response to the metered radiation dose over a measurement time span that is less than 1 year. | Methods are provided for determining the residence age of petroleum fluids in subsurface reservoirs. The methods facilitate the determination of the geological timing of the emplacement of a petroleum fluid in a porous reservoir, as distinct from the timing of petroleum generation in, and expulsion from, a source rock.1. A method for dating the residence age (RA), of a petroleum fluid in a petroleum reservoir, comprising:
determining the local matrix nuclear radiation dose rates for a solid reservoir matrix at one or more locations (drQ), and selecting one or more distinct sample locations within the reservoir each having a distinct matrix radiation dose rate of nuclear radiation; obtaining reservoir petroleum fluid samples from one or more distinct sample locations, wherein the reservoir fluid in the samples contains a radiological proxy moiety that is a marker for a proxy chemical transformation of the reservoir fluid in response to a total radiation dose absorbed from matrix radiation over a geological time span, and where the proxy chemical transformation rate in response to a metered radiation dose of the matrix radiation can be determined in the laboratory by irradiation of fluid samples at dose rates higher than those found in a geological environment; determining the concentration of the radiological proxy in the reservoir fluid samples from the distinct sample locations, the concentration of the radiological proxy in each sample being proportionate to a total radiation dose for the reservoir fluid sampled at each of the respective sample locations, so that a total radiation dose signal for each sample (Qtotal) can be calculated from the concentration of the radiological proxy in each sample; assessing the fractional contribution of the local reservoir radiation dose (Qreservoir), to the total radiation dose received by the fluid sample during its complete history from the source rock through to the reservoir; and, calculating the nominal duration of exposure within the reservoir, of each of the reservoir fluid samples (RA), to the respective local reservoir radiation dose rates (drQ), based on the calculated local radiation dose signal for each sample obtained from the proxy concentration, and the local radiation dose rate. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining the RA of the hydrocarbon reservoir fluid at a plurality of reservoir zones. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the matrix radiation is gamma radiation, or wherein the metered radiation comprises gamma ray photons, at dose rates ranging from 0.01 Gy/h to 30 Gy/h. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the radiological proxy moiety comprises a measured isotopic or spectroscopic property of a petroleum or petroleum subfraction; a concentration of a defined and analytically accessible saturated or aromatic hydrocarbon, or sulphur or oxygen or metal bearing organic compound, or the bulk concentration of a functional group or structural moiety in the petroleum or in a petroleum subfraction, that responds in a defined manner, to an incurred dose of nuclear radiation from a reservoir medium. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the radiological proxy moiety comprises:
a measured concentration of olefinic carbon or hydrogen; or, a measured concentration of one or more normal alkanes, acyclic branched chain or cyclic alkanes including biomarker alkanes; or, a measured concentration of one or more, alkylated or non-alkylated aromatic hydrocarbons, including aromatic biomarker compounds, or an alkylated or non-alkylated aromatic hetero compound containing sulphur, nitrogen, oxygen or another heteroatom. 6. The method of claim 4, whereby a concentration increase of a radiological proxy moiety is used to assess incurred radiation dose; or, whereby a concentration decrease of a radiological proxy moiety is used to assess incurred radiation dose. 7. The method of claim 4, whereby the stable carbon isotopic composition of methane or a light hydrocarbon is used as a radiological proxy. 8. The method of claim 1, whereby the sample specific change in concentration of a radiological proxy to an increment of radiation dose is assessed in terms of its sensitivity to incurred radiation dose (sproxy). 9. The method of claim 8, which involves determining in an assay the unique quantitative response of the radiological proxies, individual compounds, fractions or functional groups components in a petroleum, to progressively increasing radiation doses, comparable to those experienced by petroleum fluids in the natural reservoir. 10. The method of claim 9, whereby the behavior and sensitivity of the radiological proxy to incurred radiation dose (sproxy), is determined by measuring the chemical and/or stable isotopic composition of the initial reservoir petroleum fluid sample and aliquots of the same sample after exposure to different laboratory accumulated radiation doses at dose levels comparable to those commonly experienced by petroleum reservoirs over geological timescales. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the radiation dose deriving from the reservoir (drtotal) is determined by use of a composite or spectral gamma ray logging tool, or other radiation detection system or by using radioactive element decay theory and analysis of radioactive isotope concentrations in the reservoir medium selected from a group consisting of uranium, thorium, potassium, radon or other radioactive element isotopes. 12. The method of claim 1, whereby the total radiation dose received by a petroleum fluid sample from the reservoir medium (Qreservoir) is determined as a fraction of the total radiation dose (Qtotal) received by the petroleum fluid as determined using a radiological proxy, throughout its entire source rock to reservoir history, by comparing the total radiation dose accumulated by a petroleum sample near a more radioactive part of the reservoir with the total radiation dose accumulated by a petroleum sample from a part of the reservoir with low radioactivity and assuming the total dose accumulated by petroleum reservoir fluids while in the source rock and during migration remains essentially constant for all the petroleum reservoir fluids in the reservoir. 13. The method of claim 12, whereby the relative proportions of the total dose rate signal from the gamma-ray log near a more radioactive reservoir location and that found in a less radioactive reservoir section, allow us to calculate a scaling factor or ratio for reservoir related radiation dose versus the radiation dose acquired by the petroleum sample while in the source rock and carrier bed. 14. A method for dating residence age of a hydrocarbon reservoir fluid in a hydrocarbon reservoir, comprising:
determining local matrix radiation dose rates for a solid reservoir matrix at a plurality of locations, and selecting a plurality of distinct sample locations within the reservoir each having a distinct matrix radiation dose rate of a matrix radiation; obtaining a plurality of reservoir fluid samples from two or more of the distinct sample locations, wherein the reservoir fluid in the samples comprises a radiological proxy moiety that is a marker for a proxy chemical transformation of the reservoir fluid in response to a total radiation dose of the matrix radiation over a geological time span, and wherein a proxy chemical transformation rate in response to an metered radiation dose of the matrix radiation is such that a changing concentration of the radiological proxy is measurable over a measurement time span that is less than 1 year, where the metered radiation dose rate is greater than the natural matrix radiation dose rates; determining the concentration of the radiological proxy in the reservoir fluid samples from distinct sample locations, the concentration of the radiological proxy in each sample being proportionate to a total radiation dose for the reservoir fluid sampled at each of the respective sample locations, so that a total radiation dose signal for each sample (Qtotal) can be calculated from the concentration of the radiological proxy in each sample; calculating the nominal duration of exposure of each of the reservoir fluid samples to the respective matrix radiation dose rates based on the calculated total radiation dose signal for each sample; setting a concentration of source rock derived radiation dose proxy in the reservoir fluid at a constant value (Qsource) for at least two of the sample locations, being proximate sample locations within 10 meters of each other in the reservoir, then subtracting Qsource from Qtotal for each sample to obtain a local in-reservoir radiation dose signal (Qreservoir) for each sample; and, assuming the same residence age (RA) for fluids within a reservoir zone containing the proximate sample locations, determining an emplacement time, at which the reservoir fluid samples from the proximate sample locations each became subject to the distinct matrix radiation dose rates at each respective proximate sample location, the difference between present time and the emplacement time being the RA of the hydrocarbon reservoir fluid in the reservoir zone containing the proximate sample locations. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising determining the RA of the hydrocarbon reservoir fluid at a plurality of reservoir zones, each respectively containing at least two proximate sample locations. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the matrix radiation is gamma radiation. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein the radiological proxy moiety comprises a measured concentration of olefin hydrogens. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein the metered radiation comprises gamma ray photons with an energy between 0.5 and 2.5 MeV, at dose rates ranging from 0.01 Gy/h to 30 Gy/h. 19. The method of claim 14, further comprising measuring a concentration of the radiological proxy in a source rock for the hydrocarbon reservoir. 20. The method of claim 14, further comprising determining a rate of chemical transformation of the radiological proxy compound in response to the metered radiation dose over a measurement time span that is less than 1 year. | 2,100 |
342,151 | 29,725,544 | 2,167 | Methods are provided for determining the residence age of petroleum fluids in subsurface reservoirs. The methods facilitate the determination of the geological timing of the emplacement of a petroleum fluid in a porous reservoir, as distinct from the timing of petroleum generation in, and expulsion from, a source rock. | 1. A method for dating the residence age (RA), of a petroleum fluid in a petroleum reservoir, comprising:
determining the local matrix nuclear radiation dose rates for a solid reservoir matrix at one or more locations (drQ), and selecting one or more distinct sample locations within the reservoir each having a distinct matrix radiation dose rate of nuclear radiation; obtaining reservoir petroleum fluid samples from one or more distinct sample locations, wherein the reservoir fluid in the samples contains a radiological proxy moiety that is a marker for a proxy chemical transformation of the reservoir fluid in response to a total radiation dose absorbed from matrix radiation over a geological time span, and where the proxy chemical transformation rate in response to a metered radiation dose of the matrix radiation can be determined in the laboratory by irradiation of fluid samples at dose rates higher than those found in a geological environment; determining the concentration of the radiological proxy in the reservoir fluid samples from the distinct sample locations, the concentration of the radiological proxy in each sample being proportionate to a total radiation dose for the reservoir fluid sampled at each of the respective sample locations, so that a total radiation dose signal for each sample (Qtotal) can be calculated from the concentration of the radiological proxy in each sample; assessing the fractional contribution of the local reservoir radiation dose (Qreservoir), to the total radiation dose received by the fluid sample during its complete history from the source rock through to the reservoir; and, calculating the nominal duration of exposure within the reservoir, of each of the reservoir fluid samples (RA), to the respective local reservoir radiation dose rates (drQ), based on the calculated local radiation dose signal for each sample obtained from the proxy concentration, and the local radiation dose rate. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining the RA of the hydrocarbon reservoir fluid at a plurality of reservoir zones. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the matrix radiation is gamma radiation, or wherein the metered radiation comprises gamma ray photons, at dose rates ranging from 0.01 Gy/h to 30 Gy/h. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the radiological proxy moiety comprises a measured isotopic or spectroscopic property of a petroleum or petroleum subfraction; a concentration of a defined and analytically accessible saturated or aromatic hydrocarbon, or sulphur or oxygen or metal bearing organic compound, or the bulk concentration of a functional group or structural moiety in the petroleum or in a petroleum subfraction, that responds in a defined manner, to an incurred dose of nuclear radiation from a reservoir medium. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the radiological proxy moiety comprises:
a measured concentration of olefinic carbon or hydrogen; or, a measured concentration of one or more normal alkanes, acyclic branched chain or cyclic alkanes including biomarker alkanes; or, a measured concentration of one or more, alkylated or non-alkylated aromatic hydrocarbons, including aromatic biomarker compounds, or an alkylated or non-alkylated aromatic hetero compound containing sulphur, nitrogen, oxygen or another heteroatom. 6. The method of claim 4, whereby a concentration increase of a radiological proxy moiety is used to assess incurred radiation dose; or, whereby a concentration decrease of a radiological proxy moiety is used to assess incurred radiation dose. 7. The method of claim 4, whereby the stable carbon isotopic composition of methane or a light hydrocarbon is used as a radiological proxy. 8. The method of claim 1, whereby the sample specific change in concentration of a radiological proxy to an increment of radiation dose is assessed in terms of its sensitivity to incurred radiation dose (sproxy). 9. The method of claim 8, which involves determining in an assay the unique quantitative response of the radiological proxies, individual compounds, fractions or functional groups components in a petroleum, to progressively increasing radiation doses, comparable to those experienced by petroleum fluids in the natural reservoir. 10. The method of claim 9, whereby the behavior and sensitivity of the radiological proxy to incurred radiation dose (sproxy), is determined by measuring the chemical and/or stable isotopic composition of the initial reservoir petroleum fluid sample and aliquots of the same sample after exposure to different laboratory accumulated radiation doses at dose levels comparable to those commonly experienced by petroleum reservoirs over geological timescales. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the radiation dose deriving from the reservoir (drtotal) is determined by use of a composite or spectral gamma ray logging tool, or other radiation detection system or by using radioactive element decay theory and analysis of radioactive isotope concentrations in the reservoir medium selected from a group consisting of uranium, thorium, potassium, radon or other radioactive element isotopes. 12. The method of claim 1, whereby the total radiation dose received by a petroleum fluid sample from the reservoir medium (Qreservoir) is determined as a fraction of the total radiation dose (Qtotal) received by the petroleum fluid as determined using a radiological proxy, throughout its entire source rock to reservoir history, by comparing the total radiation dose accumulated by a petroleum sample near a more radioactive part of the reservoir with the total radiation dose accumulated by a petroleum sample from a part of the reservoir with low radioactivity and assuming the total dose accumulated by petroleum reservoir fluids while in the source rock and during migration remains essentially constant for all the petroleum reservoir fluids in the reservoir. 13. The method of claim 12, whereby the relative proportions of the total dose rate signal from the gamma-ray log near a more radioactive reservoir location and that found in a less radioactive reservoir section, allow us to calculate a scaling factor or ratio for reservoir related radiation dose versus the radiation dose acquired by the petroleum sample while in the source rock and carrier bed. 14. A method for dating residence age of a hydrocarbon reservoir fluid in a hydrocarbon reservoir, comprising:
determining local matrix radiation dose rates for a solid reservoir matrix at a plurality of locations, and selecting a plurality of distinct sample locations within the reservoir each having a distinct matrix radiation dose rate of a matrix radiation; obtaining a plurality of reservoir fluid samples from two or more of the distinct sample locations, wherein the reservoir fluid in the samples comprises a radiological proxy moiety that is a marker for a proxy chemical transformation of the reservoir fluid in response to a total radiation dose of the matrix radiation over a geological time span, and wherein a proxy chemical transformation rate in response to an metered radiation dose of the matrix radiation is such that a changing concentration of the radiological proxy is measurable over a measurement time span that is less than 1 year, where the metered radiation dose rate is greater than the natural matrix radiation dose rates; determining the concentration of the radiological proxy in the reservoir fluid samples from distinct sample locations, the concentration of the radiological proxy in each sample being proportionate to a total radiation dose for the reservoir fluid sampled at each of the respective sample locations, so that a total radiation dose signal for each sample (Qtotal) can be calculated from the concentration of the radiological proxy in each sample; calculating the nominal duration of exposure of each of the reservoir fluid samples to the respective matrix radiation dose rates based on the calculated total radiation dose signal for each sample; setting a concentration of source rock derived radiation dose proxy in the reservoir fluid at a constant value (Qsource) for at least two of the sample locations, being proximate sample locations within 10 meters of each other in the reservoir, then subtracting Qsource from Qtotal for each sample to obtain a local in-reservoir radiation dose signal (Qreservoir) for each sample; and, assuming the same residence age (RA) for fluids within a reservoir zone containing the proximate sample locations, determining an emplacement time, at which the reservoir fluid samples from the proximate sample locations each became subject to the distinct matrix radiation dose rates at each respective proximate sample location, the difference between present time and the emplacement time being the RA of the hydrocarbon reservoir fluid in the reservoir zone containing the proximate sample locations. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising determining the RA of the hydrocarbon reservoir fluid at a plurality of reservoir zones, each respectively containing at least two proximate sample locations. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the matrix radiation is gamma radiation. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein the radiological proxy moiety comprises a measured concentration of olefin hydrogens. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein the metered radiation comprises gamma ray photons with an energy between 0.5 and 2.5 MeV, at dose rates ranging from 0.01 Gy/h to 30 Gy/h. 19. The method of claim 14, further comprising measuring a concentration of the radiological proxy in a source rock for the hydrocarbon reservoir. 20. The method of claim 14, further comprising determining a rate of chemical transformation of the radiological proxy compound in response to the metered radiation dose over a measurement time span that is less than 1 year. | Methods are provided for determining the residence age of petroleum fluids in subsurface reservoirs. The methods facilitate the determination of the geological timing of the emplacement of a petroleum fluid in a porous reservoir, as distinct from the timing of petroleum generation in, and expulsion from, a source rock.1. A method for dating the residence age (RA), of a petroleum fluid in a petroleum reservoir, comprising:
determining the local matrix nuclear radiation dose rates for a solid reservoir matrix at one or more locations (drQ), and selecting one or more distinct sample locations within the reservoir each having a distinct matrix radiation dose rate of nuclear radiation; obtaining reservoir petroleum fluid samples from one or more distinct sample locations, wherein the reservoir fluid in the samples contains a radiological proxy moiety that is a marker for a proxy chemical transformation of the reservoir fluid in response to a total radiation dose absorbed from matrix radiation over a geological time span, and where the proxy chemical transformation rate in response to a metered radiation dose of the matrix radiation can be determined in the laboratory by irradiation of fluid samples at dose rates higher than those found in a geological environment; determining the concentration of the radiological proxy in the reservoir fluid samples from the distinct sample locations, the concentration of the radiological proxy in each sample being proportionate to a total radiation dose for the reservoir fluid sampled at each of the respective sample locations, so that a total radiation dose signal for each sample (Qtotal) can be calculated from the concentration of the radiological proxy in each sample; assessing the fractional contribution of the local reservoir radiation dose (Qreservoir), to the total radiation dose received by the fluid sample during its complete history from the source rock through to the reservoir; and, calculating the nominal duration of exposure within the reservoir, of each of the reservoir fluid samples (RA), to the respective local reservoir radiation dose rates (drQ), based on the calculated local radiation dose signal for each sample obtained from the proxy concentration, and the local radiation dose rate. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining the RA of the hydrocarbon reservoir fluid at a plurality of reservoir zones. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the matrix radiation is gamma radiation, or wherein the metered radiation comprises gamma ray photons, at dose rates ranging from 0.01 Gy/h to 30 Gy/h. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the radiological proxy moiety comprises a measured isotopic or spectroscopic property of a petroleum or petroleum subfraction; a concentration of a defined and analytically accessible saturated or aromatic hydrocarbon, or sulphur or oxygen or metal bearing organic compound, or the bulk concentration of a functional group or structural moiety in the petroleum or in a petroleum subfraction, that responds in a defined manner, to an incurred dose of nuclear radiation from a reservoir medium. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the radiological proxy moiety comprises:
a measured concentration of olefinic carbon or hydrogen; or, a measured concentration of one or more normal alkanes, acyclic branched chain or cyclic alkanes including biomarker alkanes; or, a measured concentration of one or more, alkylated or non-alkylated aromatic hydrocarbons, including aromatic biomarker compounds, or an alkylated or non-alkylated aromatic hetero compound containing sulphur, nitrogen, oxygen or another heteroatom. 6. The method of claim 4, whereby a concentration increase of a radiological proxy moiety is used to assess incurred radiation dose; or, whereby a concentration decrease of a radiological proxy moiety is used to assess incurred radiation dose. 7. The method of claim 4, whereby the stable carbon isotopic composition of methane or a light hydrocarbon is used as a radiological proxy. 8. The method of claim 1, whereby the sample specific change in concentration of a radiological proxy to an increment of radiation dose is assessed in terms of its sensitivity to incurred radiation dose (sproxy). 9. The method of claim 8, which involves determining in an assay the unique quantitative response of the radiological proxies, individual compounds, fractions or functional groups components in a petroleum, to progressively increasing radiation doses, comparable to those experienced by petroleum fluids in the natural reservoir. 10. The method of claim 9, whereby the behavior and sensitivity of the radiological proxy to incurred radiation dose (sproxy), is determined by measuring the chemical and/or stable isotopic composition of the initial reservoir petroleum fluid sample and aliquots of the same sample after exposure to different laboratory accumulated radiation doses at dose levels comparable to those commonly experienced by petroleum reservoirs over geological timescales. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the radiation dose deriving from the reservoir (drtotal) is determined by use of a composite or spectral gamma ray logging tool, or other radiation detection system or by using radioactive element decay theory and analysis of radioactive isotope concentrations in the reservoir medium selected from a group consisting of uranium, thorium, potassium, radon or other radioactive element isotopes. 12. The method of claim 1, whereby the total radiation dose received by a petroleum fluid sample from the reservoir medium (Qreservoir) is determined as a fraction of the total radiation dose (Qtotal) received by the petroleum fluid as determined using a radiological proxy, throughout its entire source rock to reservoir history, by comparing the total radiation dose accumulated by a petroleum sample near a more radioactive part of the reservoir with the total radiation dose accumulated by a petroleum sample from a part of the reservoir with low radioactivity and assuming the total dose accumulated by petroleum reservoir fluids while in the source rock and during migration remains essentially constant for all the petroleum reservoir fluids in the reservoir. 13. The method of claim 12, whereby the relative proportions of the total dose rate signal from the gamma-ray log near a more radioactive reservoir location and that found in a less radioactive reservoir section, allow us to calculate a scaling factor or ratio for reservoir related radiation dose versus the radiation dose acquired by the petroleum sample while in the source rock and carrier bed. 14. A method for dating residence age of a hydrocarbon reservoir fluid in a hydrocarbon reservoir, comprising:
determining local matrix radiation dose rates for a solid reservoir matrix at a plurality of locations, and selecting a plurality of distinct sample locations within the reservoir each having a distinct matrix radiation dose rate of a matrix radiation; obtaining a plurality of reservoir fluid samples from two or more of the distinct sample locations, wherein the reservoir fluid in the samples comprises a radiological proxy moiety that is a marker for a proxy chemical transformation of the reservoir fluid in response to a total radiation dose of the matrix radiation over a geological time span, and wherein a proxy chemical transformation rate in response to an metered radiation dose of the matrix radiation is such that a changing concentration of the radiological proxy is measurable over a measurement time span that is less than 1 year, where the metered radiation dose rate is greater than the natural matrix radiation dose rates; determining the concentration of the radiological proxy in the reservoir fluid samples from distinct sample locations, the concentration of the radiological proxy in each sample being proportionate to a total radiation dose for the reservoir fluid sampled at each of the respective sample locations, so that a total radiation dose signal for each sample (Qtotal) can be calculated from the concentration of the radiological proxy in each sample; calculating the nominal duration of exposure of each of the reservoir fluid samples to the respective matrix radiation dose rates based on the calculated total radiation dose signal for each sample; setting a concentration of source rock derived radiation dose proxy in the reservoir fluid at a constant value (Qsource) for at least two of the sample locations, being proximate sample locations within 10 meters of each other in the reservoir, then subtracting Qsource from Qtotal for each sample to obtain a local in-reservoir radiation dose signal (Qreservoir) for each sample; and, assuming the same residence age (RA) for fluids within a reservoir zone containing the proximate sample locations, determining an emplacement time, at which the reservoir fluid samples from the proximate sample locations each became subject to the distinct matrix radiation dose rates at each respective proximate sample location, the difference between present time and the emplacement time being the RA of the hydrocarbon reservoir fluid in the reservoir zone containing the proximate sample locations. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising determining the RA of the hydrocarbon reservoir fluid at a plurality of reservoir zones, each respectively containing at least two proximate sample locations. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the matrix radiation is gamma radiation. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein the radiological proxy moiety comprises a measured concentration of olefin hydrogens. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein the metered radiation comprises gamma ray photons with an energy between 0.5 and 2.5 MeV, at dose rates ranging from 0.01 Gy/h to 30 Gy/h. 19. The method of claim 14, further comprising measuring a concentration of the radiological proxy in a source rock for the hydrocarbon reservoir. 20. The method of claim 14, further comprising determining a rate of chemical transformation of the radiological proxy compound in response to the metered radiation dose over a measurement time span that is less than 1 year. | 2,100 |
342,152 | 29,725,542 | 2,913 | Methods are provided for determining the residence age of petroleum fluids in subsurface reservoirs. The methods facilitate the determination of the geological timing of the emplacement of a petroleum fluid in a porous reservoir, as distinct from the timing of petroleum generation in, and expulsion from, a source rock. | 1. A method for dating the residence age (RA), of a petroleum fluid in a petroleum reservoir, comprising:
determining the local matrix nuclear radiation dose rates for a solid reservoir matrix at one or more locations (drQ), and selecting one or more distinct sample locations within the reservoir each having a distinct matrix radiation dose rate of nuclear radiation; obtaining reservoir petroleum fluid samples from one or more distinct sample locations, wherein the reservoir fluid in the samples contains a radiological proxy moiety that is a marker for a proxy chemical transformation of the reservoir fluid in response to a total radiation dose absorbed from matrix radiation over a geological time span, and where the proxy chemical transformation rate in response to a metered radiation dose of the matrix radiation can be determined in the laboratory by irradiation of fluid samples at dose rates higher than those found in a geological environment; determining the concentration of the radiological proxy in the reservoir fluid samples from the distinct sample locations, the concentration of the radiological proxy in each sample being proportionate to a total radiation dose for the reservoir fluid sampled at each of the respective sample locations, so that a total radiation dose signal for each sample (Qtotal) can be calculated from the concentration of the radiological proxy in each sample; assessing the fractional contribution of the local reservoir radiation dose (Qreservoir), to the total radiation dose received by the fluid sample during its complete history from the source rock through to the reservoir; and, calculating the nominal duration of exposure within the reservoir, of each of the reservoir fluid samples (RA), to the respective local reservoir radiation dose rates (drQ), based on the calculated local radiation dose signal for each sample obtained from the proxy concentration, and the local radiation dose rate. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining the RA of the hydrocarbon reservoir fluid at a plurality of reservoir zones. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the matrix radiation is gamma radiation, or wherein the metered radiation comprises gamma ray photons, at dose rates ranging from 0.01 Gy/h to 30 Gy/h. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the radiological proxy moiety comprises a measured isotopic or spectroscopic property of a petroleum or petroleum subfraction; a concentration of a defined and analytically accessible saturated or aromatic hydrocarbon, or sulphur or oxygen or metal bearing organic compound, or the bulk concentration of a functional group or structural moiety in the petroleum or in a petroleum subfraction, that responds in a defined manner, to an incurred dose of nuclear radiation from a reservoir medium. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the radiological proxy moiety comprises:
a measured concentration of olefinic carbon or hydrogen; or, a measured concentration of one or more normal alkanes, acyclic branched chain or cyclic alkanes including biomarker alkanes; or, a measured concentration of one or more, alkylated or non-alkylated aromatic hydrocarbons, including aromatic biomarker compounds, or an alkylated or non-alkylated aromatic hetero compound containing sulphur, nitrogen, oxygen or another heteroatom. 6. The method of claim 4, whereby a concentration increase of a radiological proxy moiety is used to assess incurred radiation dose; or, whereby a concentration decrease of a radiological proxy moiety is used to assess incurred radiation dose. 7. The method of claim 4, whereby the stable carbon isotopic composition of methane or a light hydrocarbon is used as a radiological proxy. 8. The method of claim 1, whereby the sample specific change in concentration of a radiological proxy to an increment of radiation dose is assessed in terms of its sensitivity to incurred radiation dose (sproxy). 9. The method of claim 8, which involves determining in an assay the unique quantitative response of the radiological proxies, individual compounds, fractions or functional groups components in a petroleum, to progressively increasing radiation doses, comparable to those experienced by petroleum fluids in the natural reservoir. 10. The method of claim 9, whereby the behavior and sensitivity of the radiological proxy to incurred radiation dose (sproxy), is determined by measuring the chemical and/or stable isotopic composition of the initial reservoir petroleum fluid sample and aliquots of the same sample after exposure to different laboratory accumulated radiation doses at dose levels comparable to those commonly experienced by petroleum reservoirs over geological timescales. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the radiation dose deriving from the reservoir (drtotal) is determined by use of a composite or spectral gamma ray logging tool, or other radiation detection system or by using radioactive element decay theory and analysis of radioactive isotope concentrations in the reservoir medium selected from a group consisting of uranium, thorium, potassium, radon or other radioactive element isotopes. 12. The method of claim 1, whereby the total radiation dose received by a petroleum fluid sample from the reservoir medium (Qreservoir) is determined as a fraction of the total radiation dose (Qtotal) received by the petroleum fluid as determined using a radiological proxy, throughout its entire source rock to reservoir history, by comparing the total radiation dose accumulated by a petroleum sample near a more radioactive part of the reservoir with the total radiation dose accumulated by a petroleum sample from a part of the reservoir with low radioactivity and assuming the total dose accumulated by petroleum reservoir fluids while in the source rock and during migration remains essentially constant for all the petroleum reservoir fluids in the reservoir. 13. The method of claim 12, whereby the relative proportions of the total dose rate signal from the gamma-ray log near a more radioactive reservoir location and that found in a less radioactive reservoir section, allow us to calculate a scaling factor or ratio for reservoir related radiation dose versus the radiation dose acquired by the petroleum sample while in the source rock and carrier bed. 14. A method for dating residence age of a hydrocarbon reservoir fluid in a hydrocarbon reservoir, comprising:
determining local matrix radiation dose rates for a solid reservoir matrix at a plurality of locations, and selecting a plurality of distinct sample locations within the reservoir each having a distinct matrix radiation dose rate of a matrix radiation; obtaining a plurality of reservoir fluid samples from two or more of the distinct sample locations, wherein the reservoir fluid in the samples comprises a radiological proxy moiety that is a marker for a proxy chemical transformation of the reservoir fluid in response to a total radiation dose of the matrix radiation over a geological time span, and wherein a proxy chemical transformation rate in response to an metered radiation dose of the matrix radiation is such that a changing concentration of the radiological proxy is measurable over a measurement time span that is less than 1 year, where the metered radiation dose rate is greater than the natural matrix radiation dose rates; determining the concentration of the radiological proxy in the reservoir fluid samples from distinct sample locations, the concentration of the radiological proxy in each sample being proportionate to a total radiation dose for the reservoir fluid sampled at each of the respective sample locations, so that a total radiation dose signal for each sample (Qtotal) can be calculated from the concentration of the radiological proxy in each sample; calculating the nominal duration of exposure of each of the reservoir fluid samples to the respective matrix radiation dose rates based on the calculated total radiation dose signal for each sample; setting a concentration of source rock derived radiation dose proxy in the reservoir fluid at a constant value (Qsource) for at least two of the sample locations, being proximate sample locations within 10 meters of each other in the reservoir, then subtracting Qsource from Qtotal for each sample to obtain a local in-reservoir radiation dose signal (Qreservoir) for each sample; and, assuming the same residence age (RA) for fluids within a reservoir zone containing the proximate sample locations, determining an emplacement time, at which the reservoir fluid samples from the proximate sample locations each became subject to the distinct matrix radiation dose rates at each respective proximate sample location, the difference between present time and the emplacement time being the RA of the hydrocarbon reservoir fluid in the reservoir zone containing the proximate sample locations. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising determining the RA of the hydrocarbon reservoir fluid at a plurality of reservoir zones, each respectively containing at least two proximate sample locations. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the matrix radiation is gamma radiation. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein the radiological proxy moiety comprises a measured concentration of olefin hydrogens. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein the metered radiation comprises gamma ray photons with an energy between 0.5 and 2.5 MeV, at dose rates ranging from 0.01 Gy/h to 30 Gy/h. 19. The method of claim 14, further comprising measuring a concentration of the radiological proxy in a source rock for the hydrocarbon reservoir. 20. The method of claim 14, further comprising determining a rate of chemical transformation of the radiological proxy compound in response to the metered radiation dose over a measurement time span that is less than 1 year. | Methods are provided for determining the residence age of petroleum fluids in subsurface reservoirs. The methods facilitate the determination of the geological timing of the emplacement of a petroleum fluid in a porous reservoir, as distinct from the timing of petroleum generation in, and expulsion from, a source rock.1. A method for dating the residence age (RA), of a petroleum fluid in a petroleum reservoir, comprising:
determining the local matrix nuclear radiation dose rates for a solid reservoir matrix at one or more locations (drQ), and selecting one or more distinct sample locations within the reservoir each having a distinct matrix radiation dose rate of nuclear radiation; obtaining reservoir petroleum fluid samples from one or more distinct sample locations, wherein the reservoir fluid in the samples contains a radiological proxy moiety that is a marker for a proxy chemical transformation of the reservoir fluid in response to a total radiation dose absorbed from matrix radiation over a geological time span, and where the proxy chemical transformation rate in response to a metered radiation dose of the matrix radiation can be determined in the laboratory by irradiation of fluid samples at dose rates higher than those found in a geological environment; determining the concentration of the radiological proxy in the reservoir fluid samples from the distinct sample locations, the concentration of the radiological proxy in each sample being proportionate to a total radiation dose for the reservoir fluid sampled at each of the respective sample locations, so that a total radiation dose signal for each sample (Qtotal) can be calculated from the concentration of the radiological proxy in each sample; assessing the fractional contribution of the local reservoir radiation dose (Qreservoir), to the total radiation dose received by the fluid sample during its complete history from the source rock through to the reservoir; and, calculating the nominal duration of exposure within the reservoir, of each of the reservoir fluid samples (RA), to the respective local reservoir radiation dose rates (drQ), based on the calculated local radiation dose signal for each sample obtained from the proxy concentration, and the local radiation dose rate. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining the RA of the hydrocarbon reservoir fluid at a plurality of reservoir zones. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the matrix radiation is gamma radiation, or wherein the metered radiation comprises gamma ray photons, at dose rates ranging from 0.01 Gy/h to 30 Gy/h. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the radiological proxy moiety comprises a measured isotopic or spectroscopic property of a petroleum or petroleum subfraction; a concentration of a defined and analytically accessible saturated or aromatic hydrocarbon, or sulphur or oxygen or metal bearing organic compound, or the bulk concentration of a functional group or structural moiety in the petroleum or in a petroleum subfraction, that responds in a defined manner, to an incurred dose of nuclear radiation from a reservoir medium. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the radiological proxy moiety comprises:
a measured concentration of olefinic carbon or hydrogen; or, a measured concentration of one or more normal alkanes, acyclic branched chain or cyclic alkanes including biomarker alkanes; or, a measured concentration of one or more, alkylated or non-alkylated aromatic hydrocarbons, including aromatic biomarker compounds, or an alkylated or non-alkylated aromatic hetero compound containing sulphur, nitrogen, oxygen or another heteroatom. 6. The method of claim 4, whereby a concentration increase of a radiological proxy moiety is used to assess incurred radiation dose; or, whereby a concentration decrease of a radiological proxy moiety is used to assess incurred radiation dose. 7. The method of claim 4, whereby the stable carbon isotopic composition of methane or a light hydrocarbon is used as a radiological proxy. 8. The method of claim 1, whereby the sample specific change in concentration of a radiological proxy to an increment of radiation dose is assessed in terms of its sensitivity to incurred radiation dose (sproxy). 9. The method of claim 8, which involves determining in an assay the unique quantitative response of the radiological proxies, individual compounds, fractions or functional groups components in a petroleum, to progressively increasing radiation doses, comparable to those experienced by petroleum fluids in the natural reservoir. 10. The method of claim 9, whereby the behavior and sensitivity of the radiological proxy to incurred radiation dose (sproxy), is determined by measuring the chemical and/or stable isotopic composition of the initial reservoir petroleum fluid sample and aliquots of the same sample after exposure to different laboratory accumulated radiation doses at dose levels comparable to those commonly experienced by petroleum reservoirs over geological timescales. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the radiation dose deriving from the reservoir (drtotal) is determined by use of a composite or spectral gamma ray logging tool, or other radiation detection system or by using radioactive element decay theory and analysis of radioactive isotope concentrations in the reservoir medium selected from a group consisting of uranium, thorium, potassium, radon or other radioactive element isotopes. 12. The method of claim 1, whereby the total radiation dose received by a petroleum fluid sample from the reservoir medium (Qreservoir) is determined as a fraction of the total radiation dose (Qtotal) received by the petroleum fluid as determined using a radiological proxy, throughout its entire source rock to reservoir history, by comparing the total radiation dose accumulated by a petroleum sample near a more radioactive part of the reservoir with the total radiation dose accumulated by a petroleum sample from a part of the reservoir with low radioactivity and assuming the total dose accumulated by petroleum reservoir fluids while in the source rock and during migration remains essentially constant for all the petroleum reservoir fluids in the reservoir. 13. The method of claim 12, whereby the relative proportions of the total dose rate signal from the gamma-ray log near a more radioactive reservoir location and that found in a less radioactive reservoir section, allow us to calculate a scaling factor or ratio for reservoir related radiation dose versus the radiation dose acquired by the petroleum sample while in the source rock and carrier bed. 14. A method for dating residence age of a hydrocarbon reservoir fluid in a hydrocarbon reservoir, comprising:
determining local matrix radiation dose rates for a solid reservoir matrix at a plurality of locations, and selecting a plurality of distinct sample locations within the reservoir each having a distinct matrix radiation dose rate of a matrix radiation; obtaining a plurality of reservoir fluid samples from two or more of the distinct sample locations, wherein the reservoir fluid in the samples comprises a radiological proxy moiety that is a marker for a proxy chemical transformation of the reservoir fluid in response to a total radiation dose of the matrix radiation over a geological time span, and wherein a proxy chemical transformation rate in response to an metered radiation dose of the matrix radiation is such that a changing concentration of the radiological proxy is measurable over a measurement time span that is less than 1 year, where the metered radiation dose rate is greater than the natural matrix radiation dose rates; determining the concentration of the radiological proxy in the reservoir fluid samples from distinct sample locations, the concentration of the radiological proxy in each sample being proportionate to a total radiation dose for the reservoir fluid sampled at each of the respective sample locations, so that a total radiation dose signal for each sample (Qtotal) can be calculated from the concentration of the radiological proxy in each sample; calculating the nominal duration of exposure of each of the reservoir fluid samples to the respective matrix radiation dose rates based on the calculated total radiation dose signal for each sample; setting a concentration of source rock derived radiation dose proxy in the reservoir fluid at a constant value (Qsource) for at least two of the sample locations, being proximate sample locations within 10 meters of each other in the reservoir, then subtracting Qsource from Qtotal for each sample to obtain a local in-reservoir radiation dose signal (Qreservoir) for each sample; and, assuming the same residence age (RA) for fluids within a reservoir zone containing the proximate sample locations, determining an emplacement time, at which the reservoir fluid samples from the proximate sample locations each became subject to the distinct matrix radiation dose rates at each respective proximate sample location, the difference between present time and the emplacement time being the RA of the hydrocarbon reservoir fluid in the reservoir zone containing the proximate sample locations. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising determining the RA of the hydrocarbon reservoir fluid at a plurality of reservoir zones, each respectively containing at least two proximate sample locations. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the matrix radiation is gamma radiation. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein the radiological proxy moiety comprises a measured concentration of olefin hydrogens. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein the metered radiation comprises gamma ray photons with an energy between 0.5 and 2.5 MeV, at dose rates ranging from 0.01 Gy/h to 30 Gy/h. 19. The method of claim 14, further comprising measuring a concentration of the radiological proxy in a source rock for the hydrocarbon reservoir. 20. The method of claim 14, further comprising determining a rate of chemical transformation of the radiological proxy compound in response to the metered radiation dose over a measurement time span that is less than 1 year. | 2,900 |
342,153 | 16,802,473 | 2,913 | A method includes determining a first temperature of paving material, determining a first location of a paving machine corresponding to the first temperature, determining a second temperature of the paving material, and determining a second location of the paving machine corresponding to the second temperature. The method also includes generating a paving material map based at least partly on the first and second temperatures, and the first and second locations. The method further includes causing at least part of the paving material map to be displayed. The displayed at least part of the paving material map including visual indicia indicating the first temperature and the second temperature. | 1. A method, comprising:
determining a first temperature of paving material, wherein
the first temperature is determined proximate an assembly of a paving machine,
the paving machine is configured to deposit the paving material onto a paving surface, and
the first temperature is determined while the paving machine is disposed at a first location;
determining the first location of the paving machine; determining a second temperature of the paving material, wherein
the second temperature is determined proximate the assembly, and
the second temperature is determined while the paving machine is disposed at a second location different from the first location;
determining the second location of the paving machine; and generating a paving material map based at least partly on the first temperature, the first location, the second temperature, the second location, and timestamp information corresponding to at least one of the first temperature and the first location. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the paving material map is generated based at least in part on second timestamp information corresponding to at least one of the second temperature and the second location. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the first temperature and the second temperature are determined proximate to the assembly and downstream of a conveyor system, the conveyor system comprising a system of the paving machine configured to transport the paving material from a hopper of the paving machine to the assembly of the paving machine. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the assembly of the paving machine comprises an auger assembly that receives the paving material from the conveyor system and deposits the paving material onto the paving surface ahead of a screed portion of the paving machine. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining a ground temperature of the paving surface before the paving material is deposited onto the paving surface; and generating the paving material map based at least partly on the ground temperature. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining an ambient temperature at a third location proximate the paving machine; and generating the paving material map based at least partly on the ambient temperature. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the assembly is proximate to a first side of the paving machine, the method further comprising:
determining, substantially simultaneously with determining the first temperature, a third temperature of the paving material proximate a second assembly of the paving machine, the second assembly being proximate to a second side of the paving machine that is opposite the first side; and generating the paving material map based further on the third temperature. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the paving material map indicates temperatures of the paving material deposited on the paving surface at a plurality of locations along a path traveled by the paving machine. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising transmitting the paving material map, via a network, to at least one of a mobile device or a computing device that is remote from the paving machine. 10. A control system, comprising:
a communication device configured to determine a location of a paving machine configured to deposit paving material onto a paving surface; a temperature sensor positioned on the paving machine proximate to an assembly of the paving machine; and a controller in communication with the communication device and the temperature sensor, the controller configured to:
receive a first signal from the temperature sensor, the first signal including first information indicative of a first temperature of the paving material determined while the paving machine is disposed at a first location;
receive a second signal from the communication device, the second signal including second information indicative of the first location of the paving machine;
receive a third signal from the temperature sensor, the third signal including third information indicative of a second temperature of the paving material determined while the paving machine is disposed at a second location different from the first location;
receive a fourth signal from the communication device, the fourth signal including fourth information indicative of the second location of the paving machine; and
generate a paving material map based at least partly on the first temperature, the first location, the second temperature, the second location, and timestamp information corresponding to at least one of the first temperature and the first location. 11. The control system of claim 10, wherein the temperature sensor is positioned proximate to the assembly and downstream of a conveyor system of the paving machine, the conveyor system comprising a system of the paving machine configured to transport the paving material from a hopper of the paving machine to the assembly of the paving machine. 12. The control system of claim 10, further comprising a ground temperature sensor, wherein the controller is further configured to:
receive a fifth signal from the ground temperature sensor, the fifth signal including fifth information indicative of a ground temperature of the paving surface before the paving material is deposited onto the paving surface; and generate the paving material map based at least partly on the ground temperature. 13. The control system of claim 10, further comprising an ambient temperature sensor, wherein the controller is further configured to:
receive a fifth signal from the ambient temperature sensor, the fifth signal including fifth information indicative of an ambient temperature; and generate the paving material map based further on the ambient temperature. 14. The control system of claim 10, further comprising:
a second temperature sensor positioned on the paving machine proximate to a second assembly of the paving machine, wherein the assembly is proximate to a first side of the paving machine and the second assembly is proximate to a second side of the paving machine that is opposite to the first side, and wherein the controller is further configured to:
receive a fifth signal from the second temperature sensor, the fifth signal including fifth information indicative of a third temperature of the paving material, the third temperature being determined substantially simultaneously with a determination of the first temperature; and
generate the paving material map based further on the third temperature. 15. The control system of claim 10, wherein the controller is further configured to transmit the paving material map to at least one of a mobile device or a computing device that is remote from the paving machine. 16. A paving machine comprising:
a hopper adapted to receive paving material; an assembly adapted to deposit the paving material onto a paving surface; a conveyor system adapted to convey the paving material from the hopper to the assembly; a temperature sensor positioned proximate to the assembly, the temperature sensor adapted to determine temperatures of the paving material; a communication device configured to determine a location of the paving machine; and a controller in communication with the temperature sensor and the communication device, the controller configured to:
receive a first signal from the temperature sensor, the first signal including first information indicative of a first temperature of the paving material determined while the paving machine is disposed at a first location;
receive a second signal from the communication device, the second signal including second information indicative of the first location of the paving machine;
receive a third signal from the temperature sensor, the third signal including third information indicative of a second temperature of the paving material determined while the paving machine is disposed at a second location different from the first location;
receive a fourth signal from the communication device, the fourth signal including fourth information indicative of the second location of the paving machine; and
generate a paving material map based at least partly on the first temperature, the first location, the second temperature, the second location, and timestamp information corresponding to at least one of the first temperature and the first location. 17. The paving machine of claim 16, wherein the assembly is positioned downstream of the conveyor system. 18. The paving machine of claim 17, wherein the assembly is an auger assembly that receives the paving material from the conveyor system and deposits the paving material onto the paving surface ahead of a screed portion of the paving machine. 19. The paving machine of claim 16, further comprising at least one of a ground temperature sensor or an ambient temperature sensor, wherein the controller is further configured to generate the paving material map based on at least one of a ground temperature received from the ground temperature sensor or an ambient temperature received from the ambient temperature sensor. 20. The paving machine of claim 16, wherein the controller is further configured to transmit the paving material map to at least one of a mobile device or a computing device that is remote from the paving machine. | A method includes determining a first temperature of paving material, determining a first location of a paving machine corresponding to the first temperature, determining a second temperature of the paving material, and determining a second location of the paving machine corresponding to the second temperature. The method also includes generating a paving material map based at least partly on the first and second temperatures, and the first and second locations. The method further includes causing at least part of the paving material map to be displayed. The displayed at least part of the paving material map including visual indicia indicating the first temperature and the second temperature.1. A method, comprising:
determining a first temperature of paving material, wherein
the first temperature is determined proximate an assembly of a paving machine,
the paving machine is configured to deposit the paving material onto a paving surface, and
the first temperature is determined while the paving machine is disposed at a first location;
determining the first location of the paving machine; determining a second temperature of the paving material, wherein
the second temperature is determined proximate the assembly, and
the second temperature is determined while the paving machine is disposed at a second location different from the first location;
determining the second location of the paving machine; and generating a paving material map based at least partly on the first temperature, the first location, the second temperature, the second location, and timestamp information corresponding to at least one of the first temperature and the first location. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the paving material map is generated based at least in part on second timestamp information corresponding to at least one of the second temperature and the second location. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the first temperature and the second temperature are determined proximate to the assembly and downstream of a conveyor system, the conveyor system comprising a system of the paving machine configured to transport the paving material from a hopper of the paving machine to the assembly of the paving machine. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the assembly of the paving machine comprises an auger assembly that receives the paving material from the conveyor system and deposits the paving material onto the paving surface ahead of a screed portion of the paving machine. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining a ground temperature of the paving surface before the paving material is deposited onto the paving surface; and generating the paving material map based at least partly on the ground temperature. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining an ambient temperature at a third location proximate the paving machine; and generating the paving material map based at least partly on the ambient temperature. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the assembly is proximate to a first side of the paving machine, the method further comprising:
determining, substantially simultaneously with determining the first temperature, a third temperature of the paving material proximate a second assembly of the paving machine, the second assembly being proximate to a second side of the paving machine that is opposite the first side; and generating the paving material map based further on the third temperature. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the paving material map indicates temperatures of the paving material deposited on the paving surface at a plurality of locations along a path traveled by the paving machine. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising transmitting the paving material map, via a network, to at least one of a mobile device or a computing device that is remote from the paving machine. 10. A control system, comprising:
a communication device configured to determine a location of a paving machine configured to deposit paving material onto a paving surface; a temperature sensor positioned on the paving machine proximate to an assembly of the paving machine; and a controller in communication with the communication device and the temperature sensor, the controller configured to:
receive a first signal from the temperature sensor, the first signal including first information indicative of a first temperature of the paving material determined while the paving machine is disposed at a first location;
receive a second signal from the communication device, the second signal including second information indicative of the first location of the paving machine;
receive a third signal from the temperature sensor, the third signal including third information indicative of a second temperature of the paving material determined while the paving machine is disposed at a second location different from the first location;
receive a fourth signal from the communication device, the fourth signal including fourth information indicative of the second location of the paving machine; and
generate a paving material map based at least partly on the first temperature, the first location, the second temperature, the second location, and timestamp information corresponding to at least one of the first temperature and the first location. 11. The control system of claim 10, wherein the temperature sensor is positioned proximate to the assembly and downstream of a conveyor system of the paving machine, the conveyor system comprising a system of the paving machine configured to transport the paving material from a hopper of the paving machine to the assembly of the paving machine. 12. The control system of claim 10, further comprising a ground temperature sensor, wherein the controller is further configured to:
receive a fifth signal from the ground temperature sensor, the fifth signal including fifth information indicative of a ground temperature of the paving surface before the paving material is deposited onto the paving surface; and generate the paving material map based at least partly on the ground temperature. 13. The control system of claim 10, further comprising an ambient temperature sensor, wherein the controller is further configured to:
receive a fifth signal from the ambient temperature sensor, the fifth signal including fifth information indicative of an ambient temperature; and generate the paving material map based further on the ambient temperature. 14. The control system of claim 10, further comprising:
a second temperature sensor positioned on the paving machine proximate to a second assembly of the paving machine, wherein the assembly is proximate to a first side of the paving machine and the second assembly is proximate to a second side of the paving machine that is opposite to the first side, and wherein the controller is further configured to:
receive a fifth signal from the second temperature sensor, the fifth signal including fifth information indicative of a third temperature of the paving material, the third temperature being determined substantially simultaneously with a determination of the first temperature; and
generate the paving material map based further on the third temperature. 15. The control system of claim 10, wherein the controller is further configured to transmit the paving material map to at least one of a mobile device or a computing device that is remote from the paving machine. 16. A paving machine comprising:
a hopper adapted to receive paving material; an assembly adapted to deposit the paving material onto a paving surface; a conveyor system adapted to convey the paving material from the hopper to the assembly; a temperature sensor positioned proximate to the assembly, the temperature sensor adapted to determine temperatures of the paving material; a communication device configured to determine a location of the paving machine; and a controller in communication with the temperature sensor and the communication device, the controller configured to:
receive a first signal from the temperature sensor, the first signal including first information indicative of a first temperature of the paving material determined while the paving machine is disposed at a first location;
receive a second signal from the communication device, the second signal including second information indicative of the first location of the paving machine;
receive a third signal from the temperature sensor, the third signal including third information indicative of a second temperature of the paving material determined while the paving machine is disposed at a second location different from the first location;
receive a fourth signal from the communication device, the fourth signal including fourth information indicative of the second location of the paving machine; and
generate a paving material map based at least partly on the first temperature, the first location, the second temperature, the second location, and timestamp information corresponding to at least one of the first temperature and the first location. 17. The paving machine of claim 16, wherein the assembly is positioned downstream of the conveyor system. 18. The paving machine of claim 17, wherein the assembly is an auger assembly that receives the paving material from the conveyor system and deposits the paving material onto the paving surface ahead of a screed portion of the paving machine. 19. The paving machine of claim 16, further comprising at least one of a ground temperature sensor or an ambient temperature sensor, wherein the controller is further configured to generate the paving material map based on at least one of a ground temperature received from the ground temperature sensor or an ambient temperature received from the ambient temperature sensor. 20. The paving machine of claim 16, wherein the controller is further configured to transmit the paving material map to at least one of a mobile device or a computing device that is remote from the paving machine. | 2,900 |
342,154 | 16,802,539 | 3,785 | A massage head for a massage device is disclosed. The massage head comprises a first hemispherical section and a second hemispherical section. The first hemispherical section is defining a central recess, configured to threadably receive a quick release member. The second hemispherical section is securely and detachably connected to the first hemispherical section, thereby making the massage head. The second hemispherical section comprises a heating element, configured to heat the second hemispherical section for providing additional therapeutic effect for a user while massaging body parts, thereby effectively relieving muscle soreness. The heating element is electrically connected to a power source by electrically connecting a plug connector to a plug-in receiver. The massage head is securely connected to a shaft of the massage device by connecting the quick release member to a coupling member, which is securely affixed to the shaft of the massage device. | 1. A massage head for a massage device, comprising:
a first hemispherical section defining a central recess, wherein the central recess is configured to threadably receive a quick release member; a second hemispherical section securely and detachably connected to the first hemispherical section, thereby making the massage head, wherein the second hemispherical section, comprising:
a heating element configured to heat the second hemispherical section for providing additional therapeutic effect for a user while massaging body parts, thereby effectively relieving muscle soreness;
wherein the heating element is electrically connected to a power source by electrically connecting a plug connector to a plug-in receiver. 2. The massage head of claim 1, is securely connected to a shaft of the massage device by connecting the quick release member to a coupling member, wherein the coupling member is securely affixed to the shaft of the massage device. 3. The massage head of claim 1, wherein the quick release member comprises an opening at a center for allowing the plug connector forwardly outward and at least two locking projections on both sides at a top portion. 4. The massage head of claim 1, wherein the coupling member comprises at least two slots for receiving the locking projections of the quick release member, thereby detachably securing the massage head to the massage device. 5. The massage head of claim 1, wherein the coupling member further comprises an opening at a center for allowing the plug-in receiver forwardly outward, thereby enabling the user to electrically connect the massage head to the massage device by connecting the plug connector to the plug-in receiver, wherein the plug-in receiver is electrically connected to a power source via a cable within the massage device. 6. The massage head of claim 1, wherein the heating element is securely disposed at a bottom portion of the second hemispherical section. 7. The massage head of claim 1, wherein the heating element is electrically connected to the plug connector using one or more electrical conductors. 8. The massage head of claim 1, further comprises a battery for supplying electrical power to the heating element, wherein the battery is securely disposed at a bottom portion of the second hemispherical section. 9. The massage head of claim 1, further comprises a power switch, wherein the power switch is configured to enable the user to turn on and turn off the heating element. 10. The massage head of claim 1, further comprises a universal serial bus (USB) port, wherein the USB port is configured to enable the user to recharge the battery using a cable and an adapter. 11. The massage head of claim 1, wherein the first hemispherical section is made of rigid plastic. 12. The massage head of claim 1, wherein the second hemispherical section is made of a material includes steel and rigid plastic. 13. The massage head of claim 1, further comprises a vibration generator, wherein the vibration generator is securely and operatively disposed at the bottom portion of the second hemispherical section. 14. The massage head of claim 1, wherein the vibration generator is configured to vibrate the massage head, thereby enabling the user to effectively massage the body parts. 15. The massage head of claim 1, is further configured to securely and threadably connected to the shaft of the massage device via a threaded fastener. 16. The massage head of claim 1, is further configured to wirelessly connect to a heart rate/temperature and location reading device with an alarm during use via a software application and a wireless communication network, wherein the wireless communication network is Bluetooth®. 17. The massage head of claim 1, further comprises a Bluetooth® module. | A massage head for a massage device is disclosed. The massage head comprises a first hemispherical section and a second hemispherical section. The first hemispherical section is defining a central recess, configured to threadably receive a quick release member. The second hemispherical section is securely and detachably connected to the first hemispherical section, thereby making the massage head. The second hemispherical section comprises a heating element, configured to heat the second hemispherical section for providing additional therapeutic effect for a user while massaging body parts, thereby effectively relieving muscle soreness. The heating element is electrically connected to a power source by electrically connecting a plug connector to a plug-in receiver. The massage head is securely connected to a shaft of the massage device by connecting the quick release member to a coupling member, which is securely affixed to the shaft of the massage device.1. A massage head for a massage device, comprising:
a first hemispherical section defining a central recess, wherein the central recess is configured to threadably receive a quick release member; a second hemispherical section securely and detachably connected to the first hemispherical section, thereby making the massage head, wherein the second hemispherical section, comprising:
a heating element configured to heat the second hemispherical section for providing additional therapeutic effect for a user while massaging body parts, thereby effectively relieving muscle soreness;
wherein the heating element is electrically connected to a power source by electrically connecting a plug connector to a plug-in receiver. 2. The massage head of claim 1, is securely connected to a shaft of the massage device by connecting the quick release member to a coupling member, wherein the coupling member is securely affixed to the shaft of the massage device. 3. The massage head of claim 1, wherein the quick release member comprises an opening at a center for allowing the plug connector forwardly outward and at least two locking projections on both sides at a top portion. 4. The massage head of claim 1, wherein the coupling member comprises at least two slots for receiving the locking projections of the quick release member, thereby detachably securing the massage head to the massage device. 5. The massage head of claim 1, wherein the coupling member further comprises an opening at a center for allowing the plug-in receiver forwardly outward, thereby enabling the user to electrically connect the massage head to the massage device by connecting the plug connector to the plug-in receiver, wherein the plug-in receiver is electrically connected to a power source via a cable within the massage device. 6. The massage head of claim 1, wherein the heating element is securely disposed at a bottom portion of the second hemispherical section. 7. The massage head of claim 1, wherein the heating element is electrically connected to the plug connector using one or more electrical conductors. 8. The massage head of claim 1, further comprises a battery for supplying electrical power to the heating element, wherein the battery is securely disposed at a bottom portion of the second hemispherical section. 9. The massage head of claim 1, further comprises a power switch, wherein the power switch is configured to enable the user to turn on and turn off the heating element. 10. The massage head of claim 1, further comprises a universal serial bus (USB) port, wherein the USB port is configured to enable the user to recharge the battery using a cable and an adapter. 11. The massage head of claim 1, wherein the first hemispherical section is made of rigid plastic. 12. The massage head of claim 1, wherein the second hemispherical section is made of a material includes steel and rigid plastic. 13. The massage head of claim 1, further comprises a vibration generator, wherein the vibration generator is securely and operatively disposed at the bottom portion of the second hemispherical section. 14. The massage head of claim 1, wherein the vibration generator is configured to vibrate the massage head, thereby enabling the user to effectively massage the body parts. 15. The massage head of claim 1, is further configured to securely and threadably connected to the shaft of the massage device via a threaded fastener. 16. The massage head of claim 1, is further configured to wirelessly connect to a heart rate/temperature and location reading device with an alarm during use via a software application and a wireless communication network, wherein the wireless communication network is Bluetooth®. 17. The massage head of claim 1, further comprises a Bluetooth® module. | 3,700 |
342,155 | 16,802,524 | 3,775 | A milling head for a milling tool for prosthetic surgery operations and a milling tool comprising said milling head. | 1. A milling head for a milling tool for prosthetic surgery operations, wherein said milling head is made of metal and has a base perimeter edge, said milling head being provided with an external cutting part which has a milling surface from which a plurality of protruding cutting elements project, and a coupling part defined along said base perimeter edge and provided with a plurality of recessed coupling seatings circumferentially present along said base perimeter edge. 2. The milling head as in claim 1, wherein said recessed coupling seatings are disposed angularly distanced with a regular pitch on said coupling part. 3. The milling head as in claim 2, wherein said recessed coupling seatings are open in a direction orthogonal to an operative axis of symmetry for said milling head. 4. The milling head as in claim 2, wherein each of said recessed coupling seatings comprises one lead-in portion and one end-of-travel portion, disposed circumferentially downstream with respect to said lead-in portion. 5. The milling head as in claim 4, wherein said lead-in portion is open in a direction parallel to said operative axis, and said end-of-travel portion is open in a circumferential direction only toward said lead-in portion. 6. The milling head as in claim 1, wherein said recessed coupling seating is configured to determine a releasable bayonet-type connection, in which said lead-in portion allows access for a holding element, said end-of-travel portion is configured to receive said holding element, determining a constraint thereof at least in the axial direction. 7. The milling head as in claim 1, wherein said base perimeter edge defines an end aperture having a circular shape and having a circumferential extension greater than the circumferential extension of each of said recessed coupling seatings. 8. The milling head as in claim 1, wherein the same is made of titanium. 9. A milling tool for prosthetic surgery operations, wherein said tool comprises a milling head as in claim 1. 10. The milling tool as in claim 9, wherein said tool also comprises:
an attachment part connected in a selectively releasable manner to said milling head in correspondence with a coupling part of said milling head, an attachment head provided with clamping means selectively activatable for a stable and releasable connection to said attachment part, said attachment head being able to be connected to a manipulator device, said attachment part being provided with a central connection seating, having a polygonal shape, in order to allow a selectively releasable connection with said attachment head. 11. The milling tool as in claim 10, wherein said coupling part is provided with a plurality of recessed coupling seatings disposed angularly distanced with a regular pitch on said coupling part, wherein each of said recessed coupling seatings comprises a lead-in portion and an end-of-travel portion disposed circumferentially downstream with respect thereto. 12. The milling tool as in claim 11, wherein said recessed coupling seatings are open in a direction orthogonal to an operative axis of symmetry for said milling head. 13. The milling tool as in claim 11, wherein said lead-in portion is open in a direction parallel to said operative axis, and said end-of-travel portion is open in a circumferential direction only toward said lead-in portion. 14. The milling tool as in claim 10, wherein said attachment part has a discoidal shape and comprises a peripheral band with a continuous annular shape provided with a plurality of holding elements projecting from said peripheral band in a radial direction toward the outside. 15. The milling tool as in claim 14, wherein said holding elements are disposed angularly distanced with a regular pitch on said peripheral band. 16. The milling tool as in claim 14, wherein said recessed coupling seating is configured to determine a releasable bayonet-type connection between said milling head and said attachment part, wherein each lead-in portion allows access to any one of said holding elements whatsoever, and wherein said end-of-travel portions are configured to receive respective ones of said holding elements constraining, to each other and in a releasable manner, said milling head and said attachment part at least in the axial direction. 17. The milling tool as in claim 11, wherein said end-of-travel portion has a shape mating with the shape of said holding element. 18. The milling tool as in any claim 14, wherein said holding elements have a radial thickness substantially equal to a radial thickness of said milling head. 19. The milling tool as in any claim 9, wherein said attachment part is made of titanium. 20. The milling tool as in any claim 9, wherein said milling tool is entirely made of titanium. | A milling head for a milling tool for prosthetic surgery operations and a milling tool comprising said milling head.1. A milling head for a milling tool for prosthetic surgery operations, wherein said milling head is made of metal and has a base perimeter edge, said milling head being provided with an external cutting part which has a milling surface from which a plurality of protruding cutting elements project, and a coupling part defined along said base perimeter edge and provided with a plurality of recessed coupling seatings circumferentially present along said base perimeter edge. 2. The milling head as in claim 1, wherein said recessed coupling seatings are disposed angularly distanced with a regular pitch on said coupling part. 3. The milling head as in claim 2, wherein said recessed coupling seatings are open in a direction orthogonal to an operative axis of symmetry for said milling head. 4. The milling head as in claim 2, wherein each of said recessed coupling seatings comprises one lead-in portion and one end-of-travel portion, disposed circumferentially downstream with respect to said lead-in portion. 5. The milling head as in claim 4, wherein said lead-in portion is open in a direction parallel to said operative axis, and said end-of-travel portion is open in a circumferential direction only toward said lead-in portion. 6. The milling head as in claim 1, wherein said recessed coupling seating is configured to determine a releasable bayonet-type connection, in which said lead-in portion allows access for a holding element, said end-of-travel portion is configured to receive said holding element, determining a constraint thereof at least in the axial direction. 7. The milling head as in claim 1, wherein said base perimeter edge defines an end aperture having a circular shape and having a circumferential extension greater than the circumferential extension of each of said recessed coupling seatings. 8. The milling head as in claim 1, wherein the same is made of titanium. 9. A milling tool for prosthetic surgery operations, wherein said tool comprises a milling head as in claim 1. 10. The milling tool as in claim 9, wherein said tool also comprises:
an attachment part connected in a selectively releasable manner to said milling head in correspondence with a coupling part of said milling head, an attachment head provided with clamping means selectively activatable for a stable and releasable connection to said attachment part, said attachment head being able to be connected to a manipulator device, said attachment part being provided with a central connection seating, having a polygonal shape, in order to allow a selectively releasable connection with said attachment head. 11. The milling tool as in claim 10, wherein said coupling part is provided with a plurality of recessed coupling seatings disposed angularly distanced with a regular pitch on said coupling part, wherein each of said recessed coupling seatings comprises a lead-in portion and an end-of-travel portion disposed circumferentially downstream with respect thereto. 12. The milling tool as in claim 11, wherein said recessed coupling seatings are open in a direction orthogonal to an operative axis of symmetry for said milling head. 13. The milling tool as in claim 11, wherein said lead-in portion is open in a direction parallel to said operative axis, and said end-of-travel portion is open in a circumferential direction only toward said lead-in portion. 14. The milling tool as in claim 10, wherein said attachment part has a discoidal shape and comprises a peripheral band with a continuous annular shape provided with a plurality of holding elements projecting from said peripheral band in a radial direction toward the outside. 15. The milling tool as in claim 14, wherein said holding elements are disposed angularly distanced with a regular pitch on said peripheral band. 16. The milling tool as in claim 14, wherein said recessed coupling seating is configured to determine a releasable bayonet-type connection between said milling head and said attachment part, wherein each lead-in portion allows access to any one of said holding elements whatsoever, and wherein said end-of-travel portions are configured to receive respective ones of said holding elements constraining, to each other and in a releasable manner, said milling head and said attachment part at least in the axial direction. 17. The milling tool as in claim 11, wherein said end-of-travel portion has a shape mating with the shape of said holding element. 18. The milling tool as in any claim 14, wherein said holding elements have a radial thickness substantially equal to a radial thickness of said milling head. 19. The milling tool as in any claim 9, wherein said attachment part is made of titanium. 20. The milling tool as in any claim 9, wherein said milling tool is entirely made of titanium. | 3,700 |
342,156 | 16,802,499 | 3,775 | It is preferable that the method of producing a lithographic printing plate includes a step of image-wise exposing the lithographic printing plate precursor to form an exposed portion and an unexposed portion, and a step of supplying at least one of printing ink or dampening water to remove the unexposed portion. | 1. A lithographic printing plate precursor comprising:
an image recording layer on a support, wherein the lithographic printing plate precursor has projections which are discontinuously formed on a surface of an outermost layer on a side where the image recording layer is provided, and a melting point of each projection is in a range of 70° C. to 150° C. 2. The lithographic printing plate precursor according to claim 1,
wherein an average dimension of the projections in a surface direction of the outermost layer is in a range of 0.1 μm to 45 μm. 3. The lithographic printing plate precursor according to claim 1,
wherein an average dimension of the projections in a surface direction of the outermost layer is greater than 0.7 μm and less than or equal to 30 μm. 4. The lithographic printing plate precursor according to claim 1,
wherein an occupation area ratio of the projections in the surface of the outermost layer is 20% by area or less. 5. The lithographic printing plate precursor according to claim 1,
wherein an occupation area ratio of the projections in the surface of the outermost layer is in a range of 0.5% by area to 20% by area. 6. The lithographic printing plate precursor according to claim 1,
wherein each projection contains at least one resin selected from the group consisting of polyethylene and modified polyethylene. 7. The lithographic printing plate precursor according to claim 1,
wherein each projection contains 80% by mass or greater of at least one resin selected from the group consisting of polyethylene and modified polyethylene. 8. The lithographic printing plate precursor according to claim 1, wherein the image recording layer contains an infrared absorbent. 9. A method of producing a lithographic printing plate, comprising:
image-wise exposing the lithographic printing plate precursor according to claim 1 to form an exposed portion and an unexposed portion; and supplying at least one of printing ink or dampening water to remove a non-image portion. 10. The method according to claim 9,
wherein an average dimension of the projections in a surface direction of the outermost layer of the lithographic printing plate precursor is in a range of 0.1 μm to 45 μm. 11. The method according to claim 9,
wherein an average dimension of the projections in a surface direction of the outermost layer of the lithographic printing plate precursor is greater than 0.7 μm and less than or equal to 30 μm. 12. The method according to claim 9,
wherein an occupation area ratio of the projections in the surface of the outermost layer of the lithographic printing plate precursor is 20% by area or less. 13. The method according to claim 9,
wherein an occupation area ratio of the projections in the surface of the outermost layer of the lithographic printing plate precursor is in a range of 0.5% by area to 20% by area. 14. The method according to claim 9,
wherein each projection of the lithographic printing plate precursor contains at least one resin selected from the group consisting of polyethylene and modified polyethylene. 15. The method according to claim 9,
wherein each projection of the lithographic printing plate precursor contains 80% by mass or greater of at least one resin selected from the group consisting of polyethylene and modified polyethylene. | It is preferable that the method of producing a lithographic printing plate includes a step of image-wise exposing the lithographic printing plate precursor to form an exposed portion and an unexposed portion, and a step of supplying at least one of printing ink or dampening water to remove the unexposed portion.1. A lithographic printing plate precursor comprising:
an image recording layer on a support, wherein the lithographic printing plate precursor has projections which are discontinuously formed on a surface of an outermost layer on a side where the image recording layer is provided, and a melting point of each projection is in a range of 70° C. to 150° C. 2. The lithographic printing plate precursor according to claim 1,
wherein an average dimension of the projections in a surface direction of the outermost layer is in a range of 0.1 μm to 45 μm. 3. The lithographic printing plate precursor according to claim 1,
wherein an average dimension of the projections in a surface direction of the outermost layer is greater than 0.7 μm and less than or equal to 30 μm. 4. The lithographic printing plate precursor according to claim 1,
wherein an occupation area ratio of the projections in the surface of the outermost layer is 20% by area or less. 5. The lithographic printing plate precursor according to claim 1,
wherein an occupation area ratio of the projections in the surface of the outermost layer is in a range of 0.5% by area to 20% by area. 6. The lithographic printing plate precursor according to claim 1,
wherein each projection contains at least one resin selected from the group consisting of polyethylene and modified polyethylene. 7. The lithographic printing plate precursor according to claim 1,
wherein each projection contains 80% by mass or greater of at least one resin selected from the group consisting of polyethylene and modified polyethylene. 8. The lithographic printing plate precursor according to claim 1, wherein the image recording layer contains an infrared absorbent. 9. A method of producing a lithographic printing plate, comprising:
image-wise exposing the lithographic printing plate precursor according to claim 1 to form an exposed portion and an unexposed portion; and supplying at least one of printing ink or dampening water to remove a non-image portion. 10. The method according to claim 9,
wherein an average dimension of the projections in a surface direction of the outermost layer of the lithographic printing plate precursor is in a range of 0.1 μm to 45 μm. 11. The method according to claim 9,
wherein an average dimension of the projections in a surface direction of the outermost layer of the lithographic printing plate precursor is greater than 0.7 μm and less than or equal to 30 μm. 12. The method according to claim 9,
wherein an occupation area ratio of the projections in the surface of the outermost layer of the lithographic printing plate precursor is 20% by area or less. 13. The method according to claim 9,
wherein an occupation area ratio of the projections in the surface of the outermost layer of the lithographic printing plate precursor is in a range of 0.5% by area to 20% by area. 14. The method according to claim 9,
wherein each projection of the lithographic printing plate precursor contains at least one resin selected from the group consisting of polyethylene and modified polyethylene. 15. The method according to claim 9,
wherein each projection of the lithographic printing plate precursor contains 80% by mass or greater of at least one resin selected from the group consisting of polyethylene and modified polyethylene. | 3,700 |
342,157 | 16,802,543 | 3,775 | The present invention relates to compositions to induce production of proteins, e.g., enzymes, e.g., amylases or biomass degrading enzymes in a host cell, and methods for increasing the yield of the proteins, e.g., enzymes produced. Such compositions comprise a caramelized sugar product. The methods described herein can also be used to enhance processing of biomass materials, e.g., to produce sugar products. | 1. A method for inducing production of a biomass degrading enzyme comprising contacting a microorganism that produces the biomass degrading enzyme with a composition comprising a caramelized sugar product under conditions sufficient for production of a biomass degrading enzyme. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the microorganism is in a cell culture. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein sugar is added to the cell culture prior to contacting the microorganism with the composition comprising a caramelized sugar product. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the microorganism is contacted with the composition comprising a caramelized sugar product when the cell culture is substantially free from sugar. 5. The method of claim 1 or 4, wherein the caramelized sugar product is produced by caramelizing glucose, xylose, maltose, lactose, or a combination thereof. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the caramelized sugar product produced by caramelizing saccharified biomass comprises xylose and glucose. 7. The method of claim 1, 5 or 6, wherein the caramelized sugar product comprises oligosaccharides, dehydration products of the oligosaccharides, hydration products of the oligosaccharides, disproportionation products of the oligosaccharides, colored aromatic products, or any combination thereof. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the oligosaccharides comprise disaccharides, trisaccharides, tetrasaccharides, pentasacchrides, hexasaccharides, or a combination thereof. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the caramelized sugar product is produced by caramelizing glucose and wherein the oligosaccharides comprise disaccharides, trisaccharides, tetrasaccharides, pentasaccharides, hexasaccharides, or a combination thereof, comprising glucose. 10. The method of claim 7, wherein the caramelized sugar product is produced by caramelizing maltose and wherein the oligosaccharides comprise disaccharides, trisaccharides, tetrasaccharides, pentasaccharides, hexasaccharides, or a combination thereof, comprising maltose. 11. The method of claim 7, wherein the caramelized sugar product is produced by caramelizing lactose and wherein the oligosaccharides comprise disaccharides, trisaccharides, tetrasaccharides, pentasaccharides, hexasaccharides, or a combination thereof, comprising lactose. 12. The method of claim 7, wherein the caramelized sugar product is produced by caramelizing xylose and wherein the oligosaccharides comprise disaccharides, trisaccharides, tetrasaccharides, pentasaccharides, hexasaccharides, or a combination thereof, comprising xylose. 13. The method of any of claims 7-12, wherein when the oligosaccharides comprise more than one species of oligosaccharides, trisaccharides are the most abundant species. 14. The method of any of claims 1-13, wherein the biomass degrading enzyme comprises an amylase, e.g., an alpha, beta or gamma amylase, an endoglucanase, an exoglucanase, a cellobiase, a cellobiohydrolase, a xylanase, a ligninase, or a hemicellulase, or a combination thereof. 15. The method of any of claims 1-14, wherein the composition further comprises an inducer biomass. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the inducer biomass comprises a starchy material or a starchy material that includes a cellulosic component. 17. The method of claim 15 or 16, wherein the inducer biomass, e.g., starchy material or starchy material that includes a cellulosic component, comprises one or more of an agricultural product or waste, a paper product or waste, a forestry product, or a general waste, or any combination thereof. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein an agricultural product or waste comprises sugar cane jute, hemp, flax, bamboo, sisal, alfalfa, hay, arracacha, buckwheat, banana, barley, cassava, kudzu, oca, sago, sorghum, potato, sweet potato, taro, yams, beans, favas, lentils, peas, grasses, switchgrass, miscanthus, cord grass, reed canary grass, grain residues, canola straw, wheat straw, barley straw, oat straw, rice straw, corn cobs, corn stover, corn fiber, coconut hair, beet pulp, bagasse, soybean stover, grain residues, rice hulls, oat hulls, wheat chaff, barley hulls, or beeswing, or a combination thereof. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein a paper product or waste comprises paper, pigmented papers, loaded papers, coated papers, filled papers, magazines, printed matter, printer paper, polycoated paper, cardstock, cardboard, paperboard, or paper pulp, or a combination thereof. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein a forestry product comprises aspen wood, particle board, wood chips, or sawdust, or a combination thereof. 21. The method of claim 17, wherein a general waste comprises manure, sewage, or offal, or a combination thereof. 22. The method of any of claims 15-21, wherein the inducer biomass is pre-treated to reduce the recalcitrance of the inducer biomass, wherein the pre-treatment of the inducer biomass comprises exposure to an electron beam, bombardment with electrons, sonication, oxidation, pyrolysis, steam explosion, chemical treatment, mechanical treatment, or freeze grinding. 23. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition further comprises cellobiose, β-cellobiono-1,5-lactone, lactose, D-xylose, xylobiose, galactose, and sophorose. 24. The method of any of claims 1-23, wherein the microorganism is a fungal cell. 25. The method of any of claims 1-23, wherein the microorganism that produces a biomass degrading enzyme is from a species in the genera selected from Bacillus, Coprinus, Myceliophthora, Cephalosporium, Scytalidium, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Pseudomonas, Humicola, Fusarium, Thielavia, Acremonium, Chrysosporium or Trichoderma. 26. The method of any of claims 1-24, wherein the microorganism that produces a biomass degrading enzyme is selected from Aspergillus, Humicola insolens (Scytalidium thermophilum), Coprinus cinereus, Fusarium oxysporum, Myceliophthora thermophila, Meripilus giganteus, Thielavia terrestris, Acremonium persicinum, Acremonium acremonium, Acremonium brachypenium, Acremonium dichromosporum, Acremonium obclavatum, Acremonium pinkertoniae, Acremonium roseogriseum, Acremonium incoloratum, Acremonium furatum, Chrysosporium lucknowense, Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma reesei, or Trichoderma koningii. 27. The method of any of claims 1-26, wherein the microorganism is T. reesei or a variant thereof, e.g., RUT-NG14, PC3-7, QM9414, and RUT-C30. 28. The method of any of claims 1-27, wherein the amount of biomass degrading enzyme produced is increased by at least 1-fold, e.g., at least 1.2-fold, 1.5-fold, 1.8-fold, 2-fold, or more, compared the amount of biomass degrading enzyme produced by the microorganism without contacting with a caramelized sugar product. 29. The method of any of claims 1-27, wherein the amount of biomass degrading enzyme produced is increased by at least 1-fold, e.g., at least 1.2-fold, 1.5 fold, 1.8-fold, 2-fold, compared the amount of biomass degrading enzyme produced by contacting the microorganism with a inducer biomass. 30. The method of any of claims 1-29, wherein the biomass degrading enzyme comprises one or more, or all, of the enzymes listed in Table 1. 31. The method of any of claims 2-30, further comprising separating the biomass degrading enzyme from a component of the cell culture, e.g., the microorganism or remaining inducer biomass, e.g., by chromatography or filtration. 32. The method of claim 31, wherein the biomass degrading enzyme is purified from the cell culture. 33. The method of any of claims 1-32, further comprising a step comprising:
a) contacting the microorganism with a sugar in a first container under conditions such that the microorganism proliferates; and b) transferring the microorganism to a second container, wherein the second container is larger, e.g., by volume, than the first container; and wherein said step is performed prior to contacting the microorganism with the composition. 34. The method of claim 33, wherein the step is repeated 1 or more times, e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5 times. 35. A method for producing a product (e.g., hydrogen, a sugar, an alcohol) from a biomass, comprising:
a) inducing the production of a biomass degrading enzyme using a method according to claim 1; b) providing a biomass; and c) contacting the biomass with the microorganism of step (a) or the biomass degrading enzyme that has been separated or purified from the microorganism of step (a), under conditions suitable for production of the product. 36. The method of claim 35, wherein the product is a sugar product. 37. The method of claim 36, wherein the product is glucose and/or xylose. 38. The method of any of claims 35-37, further comprising isolating the product. 39. The method of claim 38, wherein the isolating of the product comprises precipitation, crystallization, chromatography, centrifugation, and/or extraction. 40. The method of any of claims 35-39, wherein the biomass degrading enzyme is an endoglucanase, a cellobiase, a cellobiohydrolase, a xylanase, a ligninase, or a hemicellulase, or a combination thereof. 41. The method of any of claims 35-40, wherein the biomass degrading enzyme comprises one or more, or all, of the enzymes listed in Table 1. 42. The method of any of claims 35-41, further comprises a step of treating the biomass prior to step (c) to reduce the recalcitrance of the biomass. 43. The method of claim 42, wherein the treating comprises exposure to an electron beam, bombardment with electrons, sonication, oxidation, pyrolysis, steam explosion, chemical treatment, mechanical treatment, or freeze-grinding. 44. The method of any of claims 35-43, wherein the biomass comprises a starchy material or a starchy material that includes a cellulosic component. 45. The method any of claims 35-44, wherein the biomass comprises one or more of an agricultural product or waste, a paper product or waste, a forestry product, or a general waste, or any combination thereof; wherein:
a) an agricultural product or waste comprises sugar cane jute, hemp, flax, bamboo, sisal, alfalfa, hay, arracacha, buckwheat, banana, barley, cassava, kudzu, oca, sago, sorghum, potato, sweet potato, taro, yams, beans, favas, lentils, peas, grasses, switchgrass, miscanthus, cord grass, reed canary grass, grain residues, canola straw, wheat straw, barley straw, oat straw, rice straw, corn cobs, corn stover, corn fiber, coconut hair, beet pulp, bagasse, soybean stover, grain residues, rice hulls, oat hulls, wheat chaff, barley hulls, or beeswing, or a combination thereof; b) a paper product or waste comprises paper, pigmented papers, loaded papers, coated papers, filled papers, magazines, printed matter, printer paper, polycoated paper, cardstock, cardboard, paperboard, or paper pulp, or a combination thereof; c) a forestry product comprises aspen wood, particle board, wood chips, or sawdust, or a combination thereof; and d) a general waste comprises manure, sewage, or offal, or a combination thereof. 46. The method of claim 35, wherein the caramelized sugar product is produced by caramelizing glucose, maltose, xylose, lactose, or a combination thereof. 47. The method of claim 46, wherein the caramelized sugar product is produced by caramelizing saccharified biomass comprising xylose and glucose. 48. The method of claim 35 or 46, wherein the caramelized sugar product comprises oligosaccharides, dehydration products of the oligosaccharides, hydration products of the oligosaccharides, disproportionation products of the oligosaccharides, colored aromatic products, or any combination thereof. 49. The method of claim 48, wherein the oligosaccharides comprise disaccharides, trisaccharides, tetrasaccharides, pentasacchrides, hexasaccharides, or a combination thereof. 50. The method of claims 35-49 wherein the caramelized sugar product is produced by caramelizing glucose and wherein the oligosaccharides comprise disaccharides, trisaccharides, tetrasaccharides, pentasaccharides, hexasaccharides, or a combination thereof, comprising glucose. 51. The method of claims 35-49, wherein the caramelized sugar product is produced by caramelizing maltose and wherein the oligosaccharides comprise disaccharides, trisaccharides, tetrasaccharides, pentasaccharides, hexasaccharides, or a combination thereof, comprising maltose. 52. The method of claims 35-49, wherein the caramelized sugar product is produced by caramelizing lactose and wherein the oligosaccharides comprise disaccharides, trisaccharides, tetrasaccharides, pentasaccharides, hexasaccharides, or a combination thereof, comprising lactose. 53. The method of claims 35-49, wherein the caramelized sugar product is produced by caramelizing xylose and wherein the oligosaccharides comprise disaccharides, trisaccharides, tetrasaccharides, pentasaccharides, hexasaccharides, or a combination thereof, comprising xylose. 54. The method of any of claims 48-53, wherein when the oligosaccharides comprise more than one species of oligosaccharides, trisaccharides are the most abundant species. 55. The method of any of claims 47-54, wherein the composition further comprises an inducer biomass. 56. The method of claim 55, wherein the inducer biomass comprises a starchy material or a starchy material that includes a cellulosic component. 57. The method of claim 56, wherein the inducer biomass comprises one or more of an agricultural product or waste, a paper product or waste, a forestry product, or a general waste, or any combination thereof; wherein:
a) an agricultural product or waste comprises sugar cane jute, hemp, flax, bamboo, sisal, alfalfa, hay, arracacha, buckwheat, banana, barley, cassava, kudzu, oca, sago, sorghum, potato, sweet potato, taro, yams, beans, favas, lentils, peas, grasses, switchgrass, miscanthus, cord grass, reed canary grass, grain residues, canola straw, wheat straw, barley straw, oat straw, rice straw, corn cobs, corn stover, corn fiber, coconut hair, beet pulp, bagasse, soybean stover, grain residues, rice hulls, oat hulls, wheat chaff, barley hulls, or beeswing, or a combination thereof; b) a paper product or waste comprises paper, pigmented papers, loaded papers, coated papers, filled papers, magazines, printed matter, printer paper, polycoated paper, cardstock, cardboard, paperboard, or paper pulp, or a combination thereof; c) a forestry product comprises aspen wood, particle board, wood chips, or sawdust, or a combination thereof; and d) a general waste comprises manure, sewage, or offal, or a combination thereof. 58. The method of claims 55-57, wherein the inducer biomass is pre-treated to reduce the recalcitrance of the inducer biomass, wherein the pre-treatment of the biomass comprises exposure to an electron beam, bombardment with electrons, sonication, oxidation, pyrolysis, steam explosion, chemical treatment, mechanical treatment, or freeze grinding. 59. The method of any of claims 35-58 wherein the inducer biomass is the same as the biomass provided in step (b). 60. The method of claim 35, wherein the composition further comprises cellobiose, β-cellobiono-1,5-lactone, lactose, D-xylose, xylobiose, galactose, and sophorose. 61. The method of any of claims 35-60, wherein the microorganism is a fungal cell. 62. The method of any of claims 35-60, wherein the microorganism that produces a biomass degrading enzyme is from species in the genera selected from Bacillus, Coprinus, Myceliophthora, Cephalosporium, Scytalidium, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Pseudomonas, Humicola, Fusarium, Thielavia, Acremonium, Chrysosporium or Trichoderma. 63. The method any of claims 35-61, wherein the microorganism that produces a biomass degrading enzyme is selected from Aspergillus, Humicola insolens (Scytalidium thermophilum), Coprinus cinereus, Fusarium oxysporum, Myceliophthora thermophila, Meripilus giganteus, Thielavia terrestris, Acremonium persicinum, Acremonium acremonium, Acremonium brachypenium, Acremonium dichromosporum, Acremonium obclavatum, Acremonium pinkertoniae, Acremonium roseogriseum, Acremonium incoloratum, Acremonium furatum, Chrysosporium lucknowense, Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma reesei, or Trichoderma koningii. 64. The method of any of claims 35-63 wherein the microorganism is T. reesei or a variant thereof. 65. A composition comprising a caramelized sugar product for use in the method of any of claims 1-64. 66. The composition of claim 65, wherein the caramelized sugar product is produced by caramelizing glucose, maltose, xylose, lactose, or a combination thereof. 67. The composition of claim 66, wherein the caramelized sugar product is produced by caramelizing saccharified biomass comprising xylose and glucose. 68. The composition of claim 65 or 66, wherein the caramelized sugar product comprises oligosaccharides, dehydration products of the oligosaccharides, hydration products of the oligosaccharides, disproportionation products of the oligosaccharides, colored aromatic products, or any combination thereof. 69. The composition of claim 68, wherein the oligosaccharides comprise disaccharides, trisaccharides, tetrasaccharides, pentasacchrides, hexasaccharides, or a combination thereof. 70. The composition of claim 68, wherein the caramelized sugar product is produced by caramelizing glucose and wherein the oligosaccharides comprise disaccharides, trisaccharides, tetrasaccharides, pentasaccharides, hexasaccharides, or a combination thereof, comprising glucose. 71. The composition of claim 68, wherein the caramelized sugar product is produced by caramelizing maltose and wherein the oligosaccharides comprise disaccharides, trisaccharides, tetrasaccharides, pentasaccharides, hexasaccharides, or a combination thereof, comprising maltose. 72. The composition of claim 68, wherein the caramelized sugar product is produced by caramelizing lactose and wherein the oligosaccharides comprise disaccharides, trisaccharides, tetrasaccharides, pentasaccharides, hexasaccharides, or a combination thereof, comprising lactose. 73. The composition of claim 68, wherein the caramelized sugar product is produced by caramelizing xylose and wherein the oligosaccharides comprise disaccharides, trisaccharides, tetrasaccharides, pentasaccharides, hexasaccharides, or a combination thereof, comprising xylose. 74. The composition of any of claims 68-73, wherein when the oligosaccharides comprise more than one species of oligosaccharides, trisaccharides are the most abundant species. 75. The composition of any of claims 65-74 further comprising an inducer biomass. 76. The composition of claim 75, wherein the inducer biomass comprises a starchy material comprising cellulose. 77. The composition of claim 76, wherein the inducer biomass comprises one or more of an agricultural product or waste, a paper product or waste, a forestry product, or a general waste, or any combination thereof; wherein:
a) an agricultural product or waste comprises sugar cane jute, hemp, flax, bamboo, sisal, alfalfa, hay, arracacha, buckwheat, banana, barley, cassava, kudzu, oca, sago, sorghum, potato, sweet potato, taro, yams, beans, favas, lentils, peas, grasses, switchgrass, miscanthus, cord grass, reed canary grass, grain residues, canola straw, wheat straw, barley straw, oat straw, rice straw, corn cobs, corn stover, corn fiber, coconut hair, beet pulp, bagasse, soybean stover, grain residues, rice hulls, oat hulls, wheat chaff, barley hulls, or beeswing, or a combination thereof; b) a paper product or waste comprises paper, pigmented papers, loaded papers, coated papers, filled papers, magazines, printed matter, printer paper, polycoated paper, cardstock, cardboard, paperboard, or paper pulp, or a combination thereof; c) a forestry product comprises aspen wood, particle board, wood chips, or sawdust, or a combination thereof; and d) a general waste comprises manure, sewage, or offal, or a combination thereof. 78. The composition of claims 75-77 wherein the inducer biomass is pre-treated to reduce the recalcitrance of the inducer biomass, wherein the pre-treatment of the biomass comprises exposure to an electron beam, bombardment with electrons, sonication, oxidation, pyrolysis, steam explosion, chemical treatment, mechanical treatment, or freeze grinding. 79. The composition of any of claims 75-77 wherein the composition further comprises cellobiose, β-cellobiono-1,5-lactone, lactose, D-xylose, xylobiose, galactose, and sophorose. 80. A cell culture comprising a microorganism capable of producing a biomass degrading enzyme and a caramelized sugar product. 81. The cell culture of claim 80, further comprising cell culture media. 82. The cell culture of claim 80 or 81, wherein the biomass degrading enzyme is an endoglucanase, a cellobiase, a cellobiohydrolase, a xylanase, a ligninase, or a hemicellulase, or a combination thereof. 83. The cell culture of any of claims 80-82, wherein the biomass degrading enzyme comprises one or more, or all, of the enzymes listed in Table 1. 84. The cell culture of any of claims 80-83, wherein the caramelized sugar product is produced by caramelizing glucose, maltose, xylose, lactose, or a combination thereof. 85. The cell culture of claim 84, wherein the caramelized sugar product is produced by caramelizing saccharified biomass comprising xylose and glucose. 86. The cell culture of any of claims 80-85, wherein the caramelized sugar product comprises oligosaccharides, dehydration products of the oligosaccharides, hydration products of the oligosaccharides, disproportionation products of the oligosaccharides, colored aromatic products, or any combination thereof. 87. The cell culture of any of claims 80-86, wherein the microorganism is T. reesei or a variant thereof, e.g., RUTC30. 88. The cell culture of any of claims 80-87, further comprising an inducer biomass. 89. The cell culture of claim 88, wherein the inducer biomass comprises a starchy material or a starchy material that includes a cellulosic component. 90. The cell culture of claim 89, wherein the inducer biomass comprises one or more of an agricultural product or waste, a paper product or waste, a forestry product, or a general waste, or any combination thereof; wherein:
a) an agricultural product or waste comprises sugar cane jute, hemp, flax, bamboo, sisal, alfalfa, hay, arracacha, buckwheat, banana, barley, cassava, kudzu, oca, sago, sorghum, potato, sweet potato, taro, yams, beans, favas, lentils, peas, grasses, switchgrass, miscanthus, cord grass, reed canary grass, grain residues, canola straw, wheat straw, barley straw, oat straw, rice straw, corn cobs, corn stover, corn fiber, coconut hair, beet pulp, bagasse, soybean stover, grain residues, rice hulls, oat hulls, wheat chaff, barley hulls, or beeswing, or a combination thereof; b) a paper product or waste comprises paper, pigmented papers, loaded papers, coated papers, filled papers, magazines, printed matter, printer paper, polycoated paper, cardstock, cardboard, paperboard, or paper pulp, or a combination thereof; c) a forestry product comprises aspen wood, particle board, wood chips, or sawdust, or a combination thereof; and d) a general waste comprises manure, sewage, or offal, or a combination thereof. 91. The cell culture of any of claims 80-90, further comprising a biomass degrading enzyme produced by the microorganism. | The present invention relates to compositions to induce production of proteins, e.g., enzymes, e.g., amylases or biomass degrading enzymes in a host cell, and methods for increasing the yield of the proteins, e.g., enzymes produced. Such compositions comprise a caramelized sugar product. The methods described herein can also be used to enhance processing of biomass materials, e.g., to produce sugar products.1. A method for inducing production of a biomass degrading enzyme comprising contacting a microorganism that produces the biomass degrading enzyme with a composition comprising a caramelized sugar product under conditions sufficient for production of a biomass degrading enzyme. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the microorganism is in a cell culture. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein sugar is added to the cell culture prior to contacting the microorganism with the composition comprising a caramelized sugar product. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the microorganism is contacted with the composition comprising a caramelized sugar product when the cell culture is substantially free from sugar. 5. The method of claim 1 or 4, wherein the caramelized sugar product is produced by caramelizing glucose, xylose, maltose, lactose, or a combination thereof. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the caramelized sugar product produced by caramelizing saccharified biomass comprises xylose and glucose. 7. The method of claim 1, 5 or 6, wherein the caramelized sugar product comprises oligosaccharides, dehydration products of the oligosaccharides, hydration products of the oligosaccharides, disproportionation products of the oligosaccharides, colored aromatic products, or any combination thereof. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the oligosaccharides comprise disaccharides, trisaccharides, tetrasaccharides, pentasacchrides, hexasaccharides, or a combination thereof. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the caramelized sugar product is produced by caramelizing glucose and wherein the oligosaccharides comprise disaccharides, trisaccharides, tetrasaccharides, pentasaccharides, hexasaccharides, or a combination thereof, comprising glucose. 10. The method of claim 7, wherein the caramelized sugar product is produced by caramelizing maltose and wherein the oligosaccharides comprise disaccharides, trisaccharides, tetrasaccharides, pentasaccharides, hexasaccharides, or a combination thereof, comprising maltose. 11. The method of claim 7, wherein the caramelized sugar product is produced by caramelizing lactose and wherein the oligosaccharides comprise disaccharides, trisaccharides, tetrasaccharides, pentasaccharides, hexasaccharides, or a combination thereof, comprising lactose. 12. The method of claim 7, wherein the caramelized sugar product is produced by caramelizing xylose and wherein the oligosaccharides comprise disaccharides, trisaccharides, tetrasaccharides, pentasaccharides, hexasaccharides, or a combination thereof, comprising xylose. 13. The method of any of claims 7-12, wherein when the oligosaccharides comprise more than one species of oligosaccharides, trisaccharides are the most abundant species. 14. The method of any of claims 1-13, wherein the biomass degrading enzyme comprises an amylase, e.g., an alpha, beta or gamma amylase, an endoglucanase, an exoglucanase, a cellobiase, a cellobiohydrolase, a xylanase, a ligninase, or a hemicellulase, or a combination thereof. 15. The method of any of claims 1-14, wherein the composition further comprises an inducer biomass. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the inducer biomass comprises a starchy material or a starchy material that includes a cellulosic component. 17. The method of claim 15 or 16, wherein the inducer biomass, e.g., starchy material or starchy material that includes a cellulosic component, comprises one or more of an agricultural product or waste, a paper product or waste, a forestry product, or a general waste, or any combination thereof. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein an agricultural product or waste comprises sugar cane jute, hemp, flax, bamboo, sisal, alfalfa, hay, arracacha, buckwheat, banana, barley, cassava, kudzu, oca, sago, sorghum, potato, sweet potato, taro, yams, beans, favas, lentils, peas, grasses, switchgrass, miscanthus, cord grass, reed canary grass, grain residues, canola straw, wheat straw, barley straw, oat straw, rice straw, corn cobs, corn stover, corn fiber, coconut hair, beet pulp, bagasse, soybean stover, grain residues, rice hulls, oat hulls, wheat chaff, barley hulls, or beeswing, or a combination thereof. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein a paper product or waste comprises paper, pigmented papers, loaded papers, coated papers, filled papers, magazines, printed matter, printer paper, polycoated paper, cardstock, cardboard, paperboard, or paper pulp, or a combination thereof. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein a forestry product comprises aspen wood, particle board, wood chips, or sawdust, or a combination thereof. 21. The method of claim 17, wherein a general waste comprises manure, sewage, or offal, or a combination thereof. 22. The method of any of claims 15-21, wherein the inducer biomass is pre-treated to reduce the recalcitrance of the inducer biomass, wherein the pre-treatment of the inducer biomass comprises exposure to an electron beam, bombardment with electrons, sonication, oxidation, pyrolysis, steam explosion, chemical treatment, mechanical treatment, or freeze grinding. 23. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition further comprises cellobiose, β-cellobiono-1,5-lactone, lactose, D-xylose, xylobiose, galactose, and sophorose. 24. The method of any of claims 1-23, wherein the microorganism is a fungal cell. 25. The method of any of claims 1-23, wherein the microorganism that produces a biomass degrading enzyme is from a species in the genera selected from Bacillus, Coprinus, Myceliophthora, Cephalosporium, Scytalidium, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Pseudomonas, Humicola, Fusarium, Thielavia, Acremonium, Chrysosporium or Trichoderma. 26. The method of any of claims 1-24, wherein the microorganism that produces a biomass degrading enzyme is selected from Aspergillus, Humicola insolens (Scytalidium thermophilum), Coprinus cinereus, Fusarium oxysporum, Myceliophthora thermophila, Meripilus giganteus, Thielavia terrestris, Acremonium persicinum, Acremonium acremonium, Acremonium brachypenium, Acremonium dichromosporum, Acremonium obclavatum, Acremonium pinkertoniae, Acremonium roseogriseum, Acremonium incoloratum, Acremonium furatum, Chrysosporium lucknowense, Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma reesei, or Trichoderma koningii. 27. The method of any of claims 1-26, wherein the microorganism is T. reesei or a variant thereof, e.g., RUT-NG14, PC3-7, QM9414, and RUT-C30. 28. The method of any of claims 1-27, wherein the amount of biomass degrading enzyme produced is increased by at least 1-fold, e.g., at least 1.2-fold, 1.5-fold, 1.8-fold, 2-fold, or more, compared the amount of biomass degrading enzyme produced by the microorganism without contacting with a caramelized sugar product. 29. The method of any of claims 1-27, wherein the amount of biomass degrading enzyme produced is increased by at least 1-fold, e.g., at least 1.2-fold, 1.5 fold, 1.8-fold, 2-fold, compared the amount of biomass degrading enzyme produced by contacting the microorganism with a inducer biomass. 30. The method of any of claims 1-29, wherein the biomass degrading enzyme comprises one or more, or all, of the enzymes listed in Table 1. 31. The method of any of claims 2-30, further comprising separating the biomass degrading enzyme from a component of the cell culture, e.g., the microorganism or remaining inducer biomass, e.g., by chromatography or filtration. 32. The method of claim 31, wherein the biomass degrading enzyme is purified from the cell culture. 33. The method of any of claims 1-32, further comprising a step comprising:
a) contacting the microorganism with a sugar in a first container under conditions such that the microorganism proliferates; and b) transferring the microorganism to a second container, wherein the second container is larger, e.g., by volume, than the first container; and wherein said step is performed prior to contacting the microorganism with the composition. 34. The method of claim 33, wherein the step is repeated 1 or more times, e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5 times. 35. A method for producing a product (e.g., hydrogen, a sugar, an alcohol) from a biomass, comprising:
a) inducing the production of a biomass degrading enzyme using a method according to claim 1; b) providing a biomass; and c) contacting the biomass with the microorganism of step (a) or the biomass degrading enzyme that has been separated or purified from the microorganism of step (a), under conditions suitable for production of the product. 36. The method of claim 35, wherein the product is a sugar product. 37. The method of claim 36, wherein the product is glucose and/or xylose. 38. The method of any of claims 35-37, further comprising isolating the product. 39. The method of claim 38, wherein the isolating of the product comprises precipitation, crystallization, chromatography, centrifugation, and/or extraction. 40. The method of any of claims 35-39, wherein the biomass degrading enzyme is an endoglucanase, a cellobiase, a cellobiohydrolase, a xylanase, a ligninase, or a hemicellulase, or a combination thereof. 41. The method of any of claims 35-40, wherein the biomass degrading enzyme comprises one or more, or all, of the enzymes listed in Table 1. 42. The method of any of claims 35-41, further comprises a step of treating the biomass prior to step (c) to reduce the recalcitrance of the biomass. 43. The method of claim 42, wherein the treating comprises exposure to an electron beam, bombardment with electrons, sonication, oxidation, pyrolysis, steam explosion, chemical treatment, mechanical treatment, or freeze-grinding. 44. The method of any of claims 35-43, wherein the biomass comprises a starchy material or a starchy material that includes a cellulosic component. 45. The method any of claims 35-44, wherein the biomass comprises one or more of an agricultural product or waste, a paper product or waste, a forestry product, or a general waste, or any combination thereof; wherein:
a) an agricultural product or waste comprises sugar cane jute, hemp, flax, bamboo, sisal, alfalfa, hay, arracacha, buckwheat, banana, barley, cassava, kudzu, oca, sago, sorghum, potato, sweet potato, taro, yams, beans, favas, lentils, peas, grasses, switchgrass, miscanthus, cord grass, reed canary grass, grain residues, canola straw, wheat straw, barley straw, oat straw, rice straw, corn cobs, corn stover, corn fiber, coconut hair, beet pulp, bagasse, soybean stover, grain residues, rice hulls, oat hulls, wheat chaff, barley hulls, or beeswing, or a combination thereof; b) a paper product or waste comprises paper, pigmented papers, loaded papers, coated papers, filled papers, magazines, printed matter, printer paper, polycoated paper, cardstock, cardboard, paperboard, or paper pulp, or a combination thereof; c) a forestry product comprises aspen wood, particle board, wood chips, or sawdust, or a combination thereof; and d) a general waste comprises manure, sewage, or offal, or a combination thereof. 46. The method of claim 35, wherein the caramelized sugar product is produced by caramelizing glucose, maltose, xylose, lactose, or a combination thereof. 47. The method of claim 46, wherein the caramelized sugar product is produced by caramelizing saccharified biomass comprising xylose and glucose. 48. The method of claim 35 or 46, wherein the caramelized sugar product comprises oligosaccharides, dehydration products of the oligosaccharides, hydration products of the oligosaccharides, disproportionation products of the oligosaccharides, colored aromatic products, or any combination thereof. 49. The method of claim 48, wherein the oligosaccharides comprise disaccharides, trisaccharides, tetrasaccharides, pentasacchrides, hexasaccharides, or a combination thereof. 50. The method of claims 35-49 wherein the caramelized sugar product is produced by caramelizing glucose and wherein the oligosaccharides comprise disaccharides, trisaccharides, tetrasaccharides, pentasaccharides, hexasaccharides, or a combination thereof, comprising glucose. 51. The method of claims 35-49, wherein the caramelized sugar product is produced by caramelizing maltose and wherein the oligosaccharides comprise disaccharides, trisaccharides, tetrasaccharides, pentasaccharides, hexasaccharides, or a combination thereof, comprising maltose. 52. The method of claims 35-49, wherein the caramelized sugar product is produced by caramelizing lactose and wherein the oligosaccharides comprise disaccharides, trisaccharides, tetrasaccharides, pentasaccharides, hexasaccharides, or a combination thereof, comprising lactose. 53. The method of claims 35-49, wherein the caramelized sugar product is produced by caramelizing xylose and wherein the oligosaccharides comprise disaccharides, trisaccharides, tetrasaccharides, pentasaccharides, hexasaccharides, or a combination thereof, comprising xylose. 54. The method of any of claims 48-53, wherein when the oligosaccharides comprise more than one species of oligosaccharides, trisaccharides are the most abundant species. 55. The method of any of claims 47-54, wherein the composition further comprises an inducer biomass. 56. The method of claim 55, wherein the inducer biomass comprises a starchy material or a starchy material that includes a cellulosic component. 57. The method of claim 56, wherein the inducer biomass comprises one or more of an agricultural product or waste, a paper product or waste, a forestry product, or a general waste, or any combination thereof; wherein:
a) an agricultural product or waste comprises sugar cane jute, hemp, flax, bamboo, sisal, alfalfa, hay, arracacha, buckwheat, banana, barley, cassava, kudzu, oca, sago, sorghum, potato, sweet potato, taro, yams, beans, favas, lentils, peas, grasses, switchgrass, miscanthus, cord grass, reed canary grass, grain residues, canola straw, wheat straw, barley straw, oat straw, rice straw, corn cobs, corn stover, corn fiber, coconut hair, beet pulp, bagasse, soybean stover, grain residues, rice hulls, oat hulls, wheat chaff, barley hulls, or beeswing, or a combination thereof; b) a paper product or waste comprises paper, pigmented papers, loaded papers, coated papers, filled papers, magazines, printed matter, printer paper, polycoated paper, cardstock, cardboard, paperboard, or paper pulp, or a combination thereof; c) a forestry product comprises aspen wood, particle board, wood chips, or sawdust, or a combination thereof; and d) a general waste comprises manure, sewage, or offal, or a combination thereof. 58. The method of claims 55-57, wherein the inducer biomass is pre-treated to reduce the recalcitrance of the inducer biomass, wherein the pre-treatment of the biomass comprises exposure to an electron beam, bombardment with electrons, sonication, oxidation, pyrolysis, steam explosion, chemical treatment, mechanical treatment, or freeze grinding. 59. The method of any of claims 35-58 wherein the inducer biomass is the same as the biomass provided in step (b). 60. The method of claim 35, wherein the composition further comprises cellobiose, β-cellobiono-1,5-lactone, lactose, D-xylose, xylobiose, galactose, and sophorose. 61. The method of any of claims 35-60, wherein the microorganism is a fungal cell. 62. The method of any of claims 35-60, wherein the microorganism that produces a biomass degrading enzyme is from species in the genera selected from Bacillus, Coprinus, Myceliophthora, Cephalosporium, Scytalidium, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Pseudomonas, Humicola, Fusarium, Thielavia, Acremonium, Chrysosporium or Trichoderma. 63. The method any of claims 35-61, wherein the microorganism that produces a biomass degrading enzyme is selected from Aspergillus, Humicola insolens (Scytalidium thermophilum), Coprinus cinereus, Fusarium oxysporum, Myceliophthora thermophila, Meripilus giganteus, Thielavia terrestris, Acremonium persicinum, Acremonium acremonium, Acremonium brachypenium, Acremonium dichromosporum, Acremonium obclavatum, Acremonium pinkertoniae, Acremonium roseogriseum, Acremonium incoloratum, Acremonium furatum, Chrysosporium lucknowense, Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma reesei, or Trichoderma koningii. 64. The method of any of claims 35-63 wherein the microorganism is T. reesei or a variant thereof. 65. A composition comprising a caramelized sugar product for use in the method of any of claims 1-64. 66. The composition of claim 65, wherein the caramelized sugar product is produced by caramelizing glucose, maltose, xylose, lactose, or a combination thereof. 67. The composition of claim 66, wherein the caramelized sugar product is produced by caramelizing saccharified biomass comprising xylose and glucose. 68. The composition of claim 65 or 66, wherein the caramelized sugar product comprises oligosaccharides, dehydration products of the oligosaccharides, hydration products of the oligosaccharides, disproportionation products of the oligosaccharides, colored aromatic products, or any combination thereof. 69. The composition of claim 68, wherein the oligosaccharides comprise disaccharides, trisaccharides, tetrasaccharides, pentasacchrides, hexasaccharides, or a combination thereof. 70. The composition of claim 68, wherein the caramelized sugar product is produced by caramelizing glucose and wherein the oligosaccharides comprise disaccharides, trisaccharides, tetrasaccharides, pentasaccharides, hexasaccharides, or a combination thereof, comprising glucose. 71. The composition of claim 68, wherein the caramelized sugar product is produced by caramelizing maltose and wherein the oligosaccharides comprise disaccharides, trisaccharides, tetrasaccharides, pentasaccharides, hexasaccharides, or a combination thereof, comprising maltose. 72. The composition of claim 68, wherein the caramelized sugar product is produced by caramelizing lactose and wherein the oligosaccharides comprise disaccharides, trisaccharides, tetrasaccharides, pentasaccharides, hexasaccharides, or a combination thereof, comprising lactose. 73. The composition of claim 68, wherein the caramelized sugar product is produced by caramelizing xylose and wherein the oligosaccharides comprise disaccharides, trisaccharides, tetrasaccharides, pentasaccharides, hexasaccharides, or a combination thereof, comprising xylose. 74. The composition of any of claims 68-73, wherein when the oligosaccharides comprise more than one species of oligosaccharides, trisaccharides are the most abundant species. 75. The composition of any of claims 65-74 further comprising an inducer biomass. 76. The composition of claim 75, wherein the inducer biomass comprises a starchy material comprising cellulose. 77. The composition of claim 76, wherein the inducer biomass comprises one or more of an agricultural product or waste, a paper product or waste, a forestry product, or a general waste, or any combination thereof; wherein:
a) an agricultural product or waste comprises sugar cane jute, hemp, flax, bamboo, sisal, alfalfa, hay, arracacha, buckwheat, banana, barley, cassava, kudzu, oca, sago, sorghum, potato, sweet potato, taro, yams, beans, favas, lentils, peas, grasses, switchgrass, miscanthus, cord grass, reed canary grass, grain residues, canola straw, wheat straw, barley straw, oat straw, rice straw, corn cobs, corn stover, corn fiber, coconut hair, beet pulp, bagasse, soybean stover, grain residues, rice hulls, oat hulls, wheat chaff, barley hulls, or beeswing, or a combination thereof; b) a paper product or waste comprises paper, pigmented papers, loaded papers, coated papers, filled papers, magazines, printed matter, printer paper, polycoated paper, cardstock, cardboard, paperboard, or paper pulp, or a combination thereof; c) a forestry product comprises aspen wood, particle board, wood chips, or sawdust, or a combination thereof; and d) a general waste comprises manure, sewage, or offal, or a combination thereof. 78. The composition of claims 75-77 wherein the inducer biomass is pre-treated to reduce the recalcitrance of the inducer biomass, wherein the pre-treatment of the biomass comprises exposure to an electron beam, bombardment with electrons, sonication, oxidation, pyrolysis, steam explosion, chemical treatment, mechanical treatment, or freeze grinding. 79. The composition of any of claims 75-77 wherein the composition further comprises cellobiose, β-cellobiono-1,5-lactone, lactose, D-xylose, xylobiose, galactose, and sophorose. 80. A cell culture comprising a microorganism capable of producing a biomass degrading enzyme and a caramelized sugar product. 81. The cell culture of claim 80, further comprising cell culture media. 82. The cell culture of claim 80 or 81, wherein the biomass degrading enzyme is an endoglucanase, a cellobiase, a cellobiohydrolase, a xylanase, a ligninase, or a hemicellulase, or a combination thereof. 83. The cell culture of any of claims 80-82, wherein the biomass degrading enzyme comprises one or more, or all, of the enzymes listed in Table 1. 84. The cell culture of any of claims 80-83, wherein the caramelized sugar product is produced by caramelizing glucose, maltose, xylose, lactose, or a combination thereof. 85. The cell culture of claim 84, wherein the caramelized sugar product is produced by caramelizing saccharified biomass comprising xylose and glucose. 86. The cell culture of any of claims 80-85, wherein the caramelized sugar product comprises oligosaccharides, dehydration products of the oligosaccharides, hydration products of the oligosaccharides, disproportionation products of the oligosaccharides, colored aromatic products, or any combination thereof. 87. The cell culture of any of claims 80-86, wherein the microorganism is T. reesei or a variant thereof, e.g., RUTC30. 88. The cell culture of any of claims 80-87, further comprising an inducer biomass. 89. The cell culture of claim 88, wherein the inducer biomass comprises a starchy material or a starchy material that includes a cellulosic component. 90. The cell culture of claim 89, wherein the inducer biomass comprises one or more of an agricultural product or waste, a paper product or waste, a forestry product, or a general waste, or any combination thereof; wherein:
a) an agricultural product or waste comprises sugar cane jute, hemp, flax, bamboo, sisal, alfalfa, hay, arracacha, buckwheat, banana, barley, cassava, kudzu, oca, sago, sorghum, potato, sweet potato, taro, yams, beans, favas, lentils, peas, grasses, switchgrass, miscanthus, cord grass, reed canary grass, grain residues, canola straw, wheat straw, barley straw, oat straw, rice straw, corn cobs, corn stover, corn fiber, coconut hair, beet pulp, bagasse, soybean stover, grain residues, rice hulls, oat hulls, wheat chaff, barley hulls, or beeswing, or a combination thereof; b) a paper product or waste comprises paper, pigmented papers, loaded papers, coated papers, filled papers, magazines, printed matter, printer paper, polycoated paper, cardstock, cardboard, paperboard, or paper pulp, or a combination thereof; c) a forestry product comprises aspen wood, particle board, wood chips, or sawdust, or a combination thereof; and d) a general waste comprises manure, sewage, or offal, or a combination thereof. 91. The cell culture of any of claims 80-90, further comprising a biomass degrading enzyme produced by the microorganism. | 3,700 |
342,158 | 16,802,529 | 1,745 | A system and method for incorporating and releasing a substance into a smokable element is provided. In one embodiment of the present invention, a smokable element (e.g., a cigarette) includes a first wrapper and a filler (e.g., tobacco, cannabis, etc.) encased by the first wrapper. A capsule is then embedded within a second wrapper and placed at least partially inside the first wrapper. The capsule may comprise a liquid (e.g., cannabinoids, terpenes, etc.) encased within a shell. By squeezing the first wrapper surrounding the capsule, the shell can be crushed (or broken open), releasing the liquid, thereby creating a “splash zone.” Vapors and/or smoke from the splash zone can then be inhaled by a user, enhancing the user's smoking experience. | 1. A smokable element comprising a distal end and a proximal end, comprising:
a first cylindrical wrapper extending from said distal end to said proximal end and having a first length; a chamber comprising a second cylindrical wrapper and having a distal end, a proximal end, and a second length that is shorter than said first length, at least said distal end of said chamber being located inside said first cylindrical wrapper; at least one capsule placed within said chamber, said at least one capsule comprising an inner liquid contained within an outer breakable shell; and a smokable filler placed within said first, cylindrical wrapper and at least between said distal end of said chamber and said distal end of said smokable element, wherein combustion of a portion of said smokable filler adjacent said distal end of said smokable element along with inhalation by a user results in smoke passing through said chamber; wherein said outer breakable shell can be ruptured by applying pressure to a top and bottom portion of said first cylindrical wrapper surrounding said at least one capsule, resulting in a release of said inner liquid into said chamber; wherein said chamber is configured to at least support said capsule prior to said capsule being broken and to allow smoke to pass through said chamber both before and after said capsule has been broken. 2. The smokable element of claim 1, wherein said chamber is entirely inside said first cylindrical wrapper. 3. The smokable element of claim 1, wherein said chamber includes a second smokable filler that is different than said smokable and breaking said shell results in a release of said inner liquid into said second smokable filler. 4. The smokable element of claim 1, wherein said chamber further includes a second portion of said filler and breaking said shell result in a release of said inner liquid into said second portion of said filler. 5. The smokable element of claim 1, wherein said chamber further includes an inner structure inside said second cylindrical wrapper that is configured to support said capsule prior to said capsule being broken and absorb said inner liquid once said capsule has been broken. 6. The smokable element of claim 1, wherein said second cylindrical wrapper has a thickness that is one of equal to and greater than two times that of a thickness of said first cylindrical wrapper. 7. The smokable element of claim 1, wherein said inner liquid comprises at least one cannabinoid. 8. The smokable element of claim 1, wherein said inner liquid comprises at least one terpenoid. 9. The smokable element of claim 1, wherein said inner liquid further comprises at least one flavonoid. 11. A method for incorporating at least one capsule into a smokable element having a distal end and a proximal end, wherein said capsule comprises an inner liquid contained within an outer breakable shell, comprising:
forming a first cylindrical wrapper, said first cylindrical wrapper extending from said distal end of said smokable element to said proximal end of said smokable element, and having a first length; placing a chamber at least partially inside said first cylindrical wrapper, said chamber comprising a second cylindrical wrapper and having a distal end, a proximal end, and a second length that is shorter than said first length, wherein said capsule is located inside said chamber; and placing a smokable filler inside said first cylindrical wrapper, filling said first cylindrical wrapper from said distal end of said chamber to said distal end of said smokable element, wherein combustion of a portion of said smokable filler adjacent said distal end of said smokable element along and inhalation by a user results in smoke passing through said chamber; wherein said outer breakable shell can be ruptured by squeezing said first cylindrical wrapper surrounding said at least one capsule, resulting in a release of said inner liquid into said chamber. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein said first cylindrical wrapper is tapered, having a first diameter at a proximal end that is smaller than a diameter at a distal end. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein said chamber is placed entirely inside said first cylindrical wrapper. 14. The method of claim 11, further comprising placing a second smokable filler inside second cylindrical wrapper substantially surrounding said capsule, wherein said second smokable filler is different from said smokable filler, and rupturing said outer breakable shell results in said inner liquid being dispersed into said second filler. 15. The method of claim 11, further comprising placing a second portion of said smokable filler inside said second cylindrical wrapper, wherein rupturing said outer breakable shell results in said inner liquid being dispersed into said portion of said smokable filler. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein said chamber further comprises an inner structure inside said second cylindrical wrapper that is configured to support said capsule prior to said capsule being broken and absorb said inner liquid once said outer breakable shell has been ruptured. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein said second cylindrical wrapper and said inner structure are constructed from the same material. 18. The method of claim 11, wherein said inner liquid comprises at least one substance extracted from cannabis and selected from tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), cannabinol (CBN), cannabigerol (CBG), and cannabichromene (CBC). 19. The method of claim 11, wherein said substance further comprises at least one terpenoid selected from citrulline, limonene, myrcene, pinene, linalool, humulene, ocimene, terpinolene, and caryophyllene. 20. A cigarette, comprising:
a first wrapper having a distal end, a proximal end, and a first length therebetween; a second wrapper having a distal end, a proximal end, and a second length therebetween that is shorter than said first length, the second wrapper being positioned at least partially inside said first wrapper; at least one capsule placed within said second wrapper, said capsule comprising at least a liquid therein; and a smokable filler placed within said first wrapper and at least between said distal end of said second wrapper and said distal end of said first wrapper, wherein inhalation by a user during combustion of said smokable filler adjacent said distal end of said first cylindrical wrapper results in smoke flowing through said first and second wrappers; wherein said capsule can be ruptured by applying air inward pressure to said first wrapper surrounding said capsule, resulting in a release of said liquid from said capsule. | A system and method for incorporating and releasing a substance into a smokable element is provided. In one embodiment of the present invention, a smokable element (e.g., a cigarette) includes a first wrapper and a filler (e.g., tobacco, cannabis, etc.) encased by the first wrapper. A capsule is then embedded within a second wrapper and placed at least partially inside the first wrapper. The capsule may comprise a liquid (e.g., cannabinoids, terpenes, etc.) encased within a shell. By squeezing the first wrapper surrounding the capsule, the shell can be crushed (or broken open), releasing the liquid, thereby creating a “splash zone.” Vapors and/or smoke from the splash zone can then be inhaled by a user, enhancing the user's smoking experience.1. A smokable element comprising a distal end and a proximal end, comprising:
a first cylindrical wrapper extending from said distal end to said proximal end and having a first length; a chamber comprising a second cylindrical wrapper and having a distal end, a proximal end, and a second length that is shorter than said first length, at least said distal end of said chamber being located inside said first cylindrical wrapper; at least one capsule placed within said chamber, said at least one capsule comprising an inner liquid contained within an outer breakable shell; and a smokable filler placed within said first, cylindrical wrapper and at least between said distal end of said chamber and said distal end of said smokable element, wherein combustion of a portion of said smokable filler adjacent said distal end of said smokable element along with inhalation by a user results in smoke passing through said chamber; wherein said outer breakable shell can be ruptured by applying pressure to a top and bottom portion of said first cylindrical wrapper surrounding said at least one capsule, resulting in a release of said inner liquid into said chamber; wherein said chamber is configured to at least support said capsule prior to said capsule being broken and to allow smoke to pass through said chamber both before and after said capsule has been broken. 2. The smokable element of claim 1, wherein said chamber is entirely inside said first cylindrical wrapper. 3. The smokable element of claim 1, wherein said chamber includes a second smokable filler that is different than said smokable and breaking said shell results in a release of said inner liquid into said second smokable filler. 4. The smokable element of claim 1, wherein said chamber further includes a second portion of said filler and breaking said shell result in a release of said inner liquid into said second portion of said filler. 5. The smokable element of claim 1, wherein said chamber further includes an inner structure inside said second cylindrical wrapper that is configured to support said capsule prior to said capsule being broken and absorb said inner liquid once said capsule has been broken. 6. The smokable element of claim 1, wherein said second cylindrical wrapper has a thickness that is one of equal to and greater than two times that of a thickness of said first cylindrical wrapper. 7. The smokable element of claim 1, wherein said inner liquid comprises at least one cannabinoid. 8. The smokable element of claim 1, wherein said inner liquid comprises at least one terpenoid. 9. The smokable element of claim 1, wherein said inner liquid further comprises at least one flavonoid. 11. A method for incorporating at least one capsule into a smokable element having a distal end and a proximal end, wherein said capsule comprises an inner liquid contained within an outer breakable shell, comprising:
forming a first cylindrical wrapper, said first cylindrical wrapper extending from said distal end of said smokable element to said proximal end of said smokable element, and having a first length; placing a chamber at least partially inside said first cylindrical wrapper, said chamber comprising a second cylindrical wrapper and having a distal end, a proximal end, and a second length that is shorter than said first length, wherein said capsule is located inside said chamber; and placing a smokable filler inside said first cylindrical wrapper, filling said first cylindrical wrapper from said distal end of said chamber to said distal end of said smokable element, wherein combustion of a portion of said smokable filler adjacent said distal end of said smokable element along and inhalation by a user results in smoke passing through said chamber; wherein said outer breakable shell can be ruptured by squeezing said first cylindrical wrapper surrounding said at least one capsule, resulting in a release of said inner liquid into said chamber. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein said first cylindrical wrapper is tapered, having a first diameter at a proximal end that is smaller than a diameter at a distal end. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein said chamber is placed entirely inside said first cylindrical wrapper. 14. The method of claim 11, further comprising placing a second smokable filler inside second cylindrical wrapper substantially surrounding said capsule, wherein said second smokable filler is different from said smokable filler, and rupturing said outer breakable shell results in said inner liquid being dispersed into said second filler. 15. The method of claim 11, further comprising placing a second portion of said smokable filler inside said second cylindrical wrapper, wherein rupturing said outer breakable shell results in said inner liquid being dispersed into said portion of said smokable filler. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein said chamber further comprises an inner structure inside said second cylindrical wrapper that is configured to support said capsule prior to said capsule being broken and absorb said inner liquid once said outer breakable shell has been ruptured. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein said second cylindrical wrapper and said inner structure are constructed from the same material. 18. The method of claim 11, wherein said inner liquid comprises at least one substance extracted from cannabis and selected from tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), cannabinol (CBN), cannabigerol (CBG), and cannabichromene (CBC). 19. The method of claim 11, wherein said substance further comprises at least one terpenoid selected from citrulline, limonene, myrcene, pinene, linalool, humulene, ocimene, terpinolene, and caryophyllene. 20. A cigarette, comprising:
a first wrapper having a distal end, a proximal end, and a first length therebetween; a second wrapper having a distal end, a proximal end, and a second length therebetween that is shorter than said first length, the second wrapper being positioned at least partially inside said first wrapper; at least one capsule placed within said second wrapper, said capsule comprising at least a liquid therein; and a smokable filler placed within said first wrapper and at least between said distal end of said second wrapper and said distal end of said first wrapper, wherein inhalation by a user during combustion of said smokable filler adjacent said distal end of said first cylindrical wrapper results in smoke flowing through said first and second wrappers; wherein said capsule can be ruptured by applying air inward pressure to said first wrapper surrounding said capsule, resulting in a release of said liquid from said capsule. | 1,700 |
342,159 | 16,802,504 | 1,745 | A semiconductor device includes a porous silicon layer on a silicon substrate. The semiconductor device also includes a seal layer on the porous silicon layer. The semiconductor device further includes a high charge carrier mobility material layer on the seal layer. The semiconductor device may further include a strain balancing intermediate layer between the seal layer and the high charge carrier mobility material layer. Different high charge carrier mobility materials can be used in the high charge carrier mobility material layer to form different semiconductor devices. | 1. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a silicon substrate; a porous silicon layer on the silicon substrate; a seal layer on the porous silicon layer; a first strain balancing intermediate layer and a second strain balancing intermediate layer, wherein the first strain balancing intermediate layer is on a first portion of the seal layer and the second strain balancing intermediate layer is on a second portion of the seal layer; and a first high charge carrier mobility material layer and a second high charge carrier mobility material layer, wherein the first high charge carrier mobility material layer is on the first strain balancing intermediate layer and the second high charge carrier mobility material layer is on the second strain balancing intermediate layer. 2. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the first strain balancing intermediate layer and the second strain balancing intermediate layer comprise at least one of Silicon Germanium (SiGe), Silicon Carbide (SiC), and alloys of silicon and III-V materials. 3. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the first high charge carrier mobility material layer and the second high charge carrier mobility material layer comprise at least one of Germanium (Ge) and III-V materials. 4. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein a difference between a lattice constant of the first strain balancing intermediate layer and a lattice constant of the first high charge carrier mobility material layer is smaller than a difference between a lattice constant of silicon and the lattice constant of the first high charge carrier mobility material layer. 5. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein a difference between a lattice constant of the second strain balancing intermediate layer and a lattice constant of the second high charge carrier mobility material layer is smaller than a difference between a lattice constant of silicon and the lattice constant of the second high charge carrier mobility material layer. 6. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the seal layer comprises single crystal silicon. 7. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein a lattice constant of the seal layer is different from a lattice constant of the first strain balancing intermediate layer and a lattice constant of the second strain balancing intermediate layer. 8. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the first strain balancing intermediate layer comprises SiGe and the first high charge carrier mobility material layer comprises high charge carrier mobility materials with a lattice constant higher than a lattice constant of silicon, and wherein the second strain balancing intermediate layer comprises SiC and the second high charge carrier mobility material layer comprises high charge carrier mobility materials with a lattice constant lower than the lattice constant of silicon. 9. The semiconductor device of claim 1, further comprising an oxide layer between the first strain balancing intermediate layer and the second strain balancing intermediate layer on the seal layer. 10. The semiconductor device of claim 1 integrated into a device selected from the group consisting of: a set top box; an entertainment unit; a navigation device; a communication device; a fixed location data unit; a mobile location data unit; a global positioning system (GPS) device; a mobile phone; a cellular phone; a smart phone; a session initiation protocol (SIP) phone; a tablet; a phablet; a server; a computer; a portable computer; a mobile computing device; a wearable computing device; a desktop computer; a personal digital assistant (PDA); a monitor; a computer monitor; a television; a tuner; a radio; a satellite radio; a music player; a digital music player; a portable music player; a digital video player; a video player; a digital video disc (DVD) player; a portable digital video player; an automobile; a vehicle component; avionics systems; and a drone. | A semiconductor device includes a porous silicon layer on a silicon substrate. The semiconductor device also includes a seal layer on the porous silicon layer. The semiconductor device further includes a high charge carrier mobility material layer on the seal layer. The semiconductor device may further include a strain balancing intermediate layer between the seal layer and the high charge carrier mobility material layer. Different high charge carrier mobility materials can be used in the high charge carrier mobility material layer to form different semiconductor devices.1. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a silicon substrate; a porous silicon layer on the silicon substrate; a seal layer on the porous silicon layer; a first strain balancing intermediate layer and a second strain balancing intermediate layer, wherein the first strain balancing intermediate layer is on a first portion of the seal layer and the second strain balancing intermediate layer is on a second portion of the seal layer; and a first high charge carrier mobility material layer and a second high charge carrier mobility material layer, wherein the first high charge carrier mobility material layer is on the first strain balancing intermediate layer and the second high charge carrier mobility material layer is on the second strain balancing intermediate layer. 2. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the first strain balancing intermediate layer and the second strain balancing intermediate layer comprise at least one of Silicon Germanium (SiGe), Silicon Carbide (SiC), and alloys of silicon and III-V materials. 3. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the first high charge carrier mobility material layer and the second high charge carrier mobility material layer comprise at least one of Germanium (Ge) and III-V materials. 4. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein a difference between a lattice constant of the first strain balancing intermediate layer and a lattice constant of the first high charge carrier mobility material layer is smaller than a difference between a lattice constant of silicon and the lattice constant of the first high charge carrier mobility material layer. 5. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein a difference between a lattice constant of the second strain balancing intermediate layer and a lattice constant of the second high charge carrier mobility material layer is smaller than a difference between a lattice constant of silicon and the lattice constant of the second high charge carrier mobility material layer. 6. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the seal layer comprises single crystal silicon. 7. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein a lattice constant of the seal layer is different from a lattice constant of the first strain balancing intermediate layer and a lattice constant of the second strain balancing intermediate layer. 8. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the first strain balancing intermediate layer comprises SiGe and the first high charge carrier mobility material layer comprises high charge carrier mobility materials with a lattice constant higher than a lattice constant of silicon, and wherein the second strain balancing intermediate layer comprises SiC and the second high charge carrier mobility material layer comprises high charge carrier mobility materials with a lattice constant lower than the lattice constant of silicon. 9. The semiconductor device of claim 1, further comprising an oxide layer between the first strain balancing intermediate layer and the second strain balancing intermediate layer on the seal layer. 10. The semiconductor device of claim 1 integrated into a device selected from the group consisting of: a set top box; an entertainment unit; a navigation device; a communication device; a fixed location data unit; a mobile location data unit; a global positioning system (GPS) device; a mobile phone; a cellular phone; a smart phone; a session initiation protocol (SIP) phone; a tablet; a phablet; a server; a computer; a portable computer; a mobile computing device; a wearable computing device; a desktop computer; a personal digital assistant (PDA); a monitor; a computer monitor; a television; a tuner; a radio; a satellite radio; a music player; a digital music player; a portable music player; a digital video player; a video player; a digital video disc (DVD) player; a portable digital video player; an automobile; a vehicle component; avionics systems; and a drone. | 1,700 |
342,160 | 16,802,439 | 1,675 | Provided herein are methods and compositions relating to libraries of optimized antibodies having nucleic acids encoding for an antibody comprising modified sequences. Libraries described herein include variegated libraries comprising nucleic acids each encoding for a predetermined variant of at least one predetermined reference nucleic acid sequence. Further described herein are protein libraries generated when the nucleic acid libraries are translated. Further described herein are cell libraries expressing variegated nucleic acid libraries described herein. | 1. A nucleic acid library comprising:
a plurality of sequences comprising nucleic acids that when translated encode for antibodies or antibody fragments, wherein each of the sequences comprises a predetermined number of mutations within a CDR relative to an input sequence of an antibody; wherein the library comprises at least 50,000 variant sequences, each represented in an amount within 1.5× of a mean frequency; and wherein at least one sequence when translated encodes for an antibody or antibody fragment having at least 2.5× higher binding affinity than a binding affinity of the input sequence. 2. The nucleic acid library of claim 1, wherein the library comprises at least 100,000 variant sequences. 3. The nucleic acid library of claim 1, wherein at least some of the sequences encode for an antibody light chain or an antibody heavy chain. 4. canceled 5. The nucleic acid library of claim 1, wherein each sequence of the plurality of sequences comprises at least one mutation in the CDR of a heavy chain or light chain relative to the input sequence. 6. The nucleic acid library of claim 1, wherein each sequence of the plurality of sequences comprises at least two mutations in the CDR of a heavy chain or light chain relative to the input sequence. 7. The nucleic acid library of claim 1, wherein at least one of the mutations is present in at least two individuals. 8. canceled 9. The nucleic acid library of claim 1, wherein at least one sequence when translated encodes for an antibody or antibody fragment having at least 5× higher binding affinity than a binding affinity of the input sequence. 10.-14. canceled 15. The nucleic acid library of claim 1, wherein the at least one sequence that when translated encodes for an antibody or antibody fragment having at least 70× higher binding affinity than the input sequence. 16. The nucleic acid library of claim 1, wherein the at least one sequence that when translated encodes for an antibody or antibody fragment having a KD of less than 50 nM, less than 25 nM, less than 10 nM, or less than 5 nM. 17. canceled 18. canceled 19. canceled 20. The nucleic acid library of claim 1, wherein the library comprises a CDR sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-6 or 9-70. 21.-31. canceled 32. A computerized system for antibody optimization comprising:
a. a general purpose computer; and b. a computer readable medium comprising functional modules including instructions for the general purpose computer, wherein said computerized system is configured for operating in a method of:
i. receiving operating instructions, wherein the operating instructions comprise a plurality of sequences encoding for an antibody or antibody fragment;
ii. generating a nucleic acid library comprising the plurality of sequences comprising nucleic acids that when translated encode for antibodies or antibody fragments, wherein each of the sequences comprises a predetermined number of mutations within a CDR relative to an input sequence of an antibody; wherein the library comprises at least 50,000 variant sequences, each represented in an amount within 1.5× of a mean frequency; and wherein at least one sequence when translated encodes for an antibody or antibody fragment having at least 2.5× higher binding affinity than a binding affinity of the input sequence; and
iii. synthesizing the at least 50,000 variant sequences. 33. The system of claim 32, wherein the nucleic acid library comprises at least 100,000 sequences. 34. The system of claim 32, wherein the system further comprises enriching a subset of the variant sequences. 35. canceled 36. canceled 37. The system of claim 32, wherein each sequence of the plurality of variant sequences comprises at least one mutation in a CDR of a heavy chain or light chain relative to the input sequence. 38. The system of claim 32, wherein each sequence of the plurality of variant sequences comprises at least two mutations in a CDR of a heavy chain or light chain relative to the input sequence. 39. The system of claim 32, wherein at least one sequence when translated encodes for an antibody or antibody fragment having at least 5× higher binding affinity than a binding affinity of the input sequence. 40.-46. canceled 47. A method for optimizing an antibody comprising:
a. providing a plurality of polynucleotide sequences encoding for an antibody or antibody fragment; b. generating a nucleic acid library comprising the plurality of sequences comprising nucleic acids that when translated encode for antibodies or antibody fragments, wherein each of the sequences comprises a predetermined number of mutations within a CDR relative to an input sequence of an antibody; wherein the library comprises at least 50,000 variant sequences, each represented in an amount within 1.5× of a mean frequency; and wherein at least one sequence when translated encodes for an antibody or antibody fragment having at least 2.5× higher binding affinity than a binding affinity of the input sequence; and c. synthesizing the at least 50,000 variant sequences. 48. The method of claim 47, wherein the antibody library comprises at least 100,000 sequences. 49. The method of claim 47, wherein the method further comprises enriching a subset of the variant sequences. 50. canceled 51. canceled 52. canceled 53. canceled 54. The method of claim 47, wherein at least one sequence when translated encodes for an antibody or antibody fragment having at least 5× higher binding affinity than a binding affinity of the input sequence. 55.-59. canceled | Provided herein are methods and compositions relating to libraries of optimized antibodies having nucleic acids encoding for an antibody comprising modified sequences. Libraries described herein include variegated libraries comprising nucleic acids each encoding for a predetermined variant of at least one predetermined reference nucleic acid sequence. Further described herein are protein libraries generated when the nucleic acid libraries are translated. Further described herein are cell libraries expressing variegated nucleic acid libraries described herein.1. A nucleic acid library comprising:
a plurality of sequences comprising nucleic acids that when translated encode for antibodies or antibody fragments, wherein each of the sequences comprises a predetermined number of mutations within a CDR relative to an input sequence of an antibody; wherein the library comprises at least 50,000 variant sequences, each represented in an amount within 1.5× of a mean frequency; and wherein at least one sequence when translated encodes for an antibody or antibody fragment having at least 2.5× higher binding affinity than a binding affinity of the input sequence. 2. The nucleic acid library of claim 1, wherein the library comprises at least 100,000 variant sequences. 3. The nucleic acid library of claim 1, wherein at least some of the sequences encode for an antibody light chain or an antibody heavy chain. 4. canceled 5. The nucleic acid library of claim 1, wherein each sequence of the plurality of sequences comprises at least one mutation in the CDR of a heavy chain or light chain relative to the input sequence. 6. The nucleic acid library of claim 1, wherein each sequence of the plurality of sequences comprises at least two mutations in the CDR of a heavy chain or light chain relative to the input sequence. 7. The nucleic acid library of claim 1, wherein at least one of the mutations is present in at least two individuals. 8. canceled 9. The nucleic acid library of claim 1, wherein at least one sequence when translated encodes for an antibody or antibody fragment having at least 5× higher binding affinity than a binding affinity of the input sequence. 10.-14. canceled 15. The nucleic acid library of claim 1, wherein the at least one sequence that when translated encodes for an antibody or antibody fragment having at least 70× higher binding affinity than the input sequence. 16. The nucleic acid library of claim 1, wherein the at least one sequence that when translated encodes for an antibody or antibody fragment having a KD of less than 50 nM, less than 25 nM, less than 10 nM, or less than 5 nM. 17. canceled 18. canceled 19. canceled 20. The nucleic acid library of claim 1, wherein the library comprises a CDR sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-6 or 9-70. 21.-31. canceled 32. A computerized system for antibody optimization comprising:
a. a general purpose computer; and b. a computer readable medium comprising functional modules including instructions for the general purpose computer, wherein said computerized system is configured for operating in a method of:
i. receiving operating instructions, wherein the operating instructions comprise a plurality of sequences encoding for an antibody or antibody fragment;
ii. generating a nucleic acid library comprising the plurality of sequences comprising nucleic acids that when translated encode for antibodies or antibody fragments, wherein each of the sequences comprises a predetermined number of mutations within a CDR relative to an input sequence of an antibody; wherein the library comprises at least 50,000 variant sequences, each represented in an amount within 1.5× of a mean frequency; and wherein at least one sequence when translated encodes for an antibody or antibody fragment having at least 2.5× higher binding affinity than a binding affinity of the input sequence; and
iii. synthesizing the at least 50,000 variant sequences. 33. The system of claim 32, wherein the nucleic acid library comprises at least 100,000 sequences. 34. The system of claim 32, wherein the system further comprises enriching a subset of the variant sequences. 35. canceled 36. canceled 37. The system of claim 32, wherein each sequence of the plurality of variant sequences comprises at least one mutation in a CDR of a heavy chain or light chain relative to the input sequence. 38. The system of claim 32, wherein each sequence of the plurality of variant sequences comprises at least two mutations in a CDR of a heavy chain or light chain relative to the input sequence. 39. The system of claim 32, wherein at least one sequence when translated encodes for an antibody or antibody fragment having at least 5× higher binding affinity than a binding affinity of the input sequence. 40.-46. canceled 47. A method for optimizing an antibody comprising:
a. providing a plurality of polynucleotide sequences encoding for an antibody or antibody fragment; b. generating a nucleic acid library comprising the plurality of sequences comprising nucleic acids that when translated encode for antibodies or antibody fragments, wherein each of the sequences comprises a predetermined number of mutations within a CDR relative to an input sequence of an antibody; wherein the library comprises at least 50,000 variant sequences, each represented in an amount within 1.5× of a mean frequency; and wherein at least one sequence when translated encodes for an antibody or antibody fragment having at least 2.5× higher binding affinity than a binding affinity of the input sequence; and c. synthesizing the at least 50,000 variant sequences. 48. The method of claim 47, wherein the antibody library comprises at least 100,000 sequences. 49. The method of claim 47, wherein the method further comprises enriching a subset of the variant sequences. 50. canceled 51. canceled 52. canceled 53. canceled 54. The method of claim 47, wherein at least one sequence when translated encodes for an antibody or antibody fragment having at least 5× higher binding affinity than a binding affinity of the input sequence. 55.-59. canceled | 1,600 |
342,161 | 16,802,513 | 1,675 | An information processing apparatus includes a processor configured to receive image data from a camera, detect a person and an object in the image data, receive information read from an IC chip on the object, the information being (i) personal information of the person or (ii) information used to retrieve the personal information of the person from a database, and execute a predetermined process using the personal information. | 1. An information processing apparatus, comprising:
a processor configured to: receive image data from a camera; detect a person and an object in the image data; receive information read from an IC chip on the object, the information being (i) personal information of the person or (ii) information used to retrieve the personal information of the person from a database; and execute a predetermined process using the personal information. 2. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the detection comprises detecting the person performing a predetermined action in the image data while holding the object. 3. The information processing apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising a reader,
wherein the reading of the information from the IC chip on the object is performed by the reader. 4. The information processing apparatus according to claim 3,
wherein the predetermined action is bringing the object with the IC chip closer to the reader, wherein the reading of the information from the IC chip on the object is done by near field communication. 5. The information processing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the detection further comprises detecting the predetermined action being performed within a predetermined period before the reading of the information from the IC chip. 6. The information processing apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the detection further comprises detecting the predetermined action being performed within a predetermined period before the reading of the information from the IC chip. 7. The information processing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the detection further comprises detecting the predetermined action being performed within a predetermined period before the reading of the information from the IC chip. 8. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:
provide at least one of an audio guide, an image guide, or a text guide, so that the person and the object with the IC chip fit in a shooting area of the camera. 9. The information processing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the processor is further configured to:
provide at least one of an audio guide, an image guide, or a text guide, so that the person and the object with the IC chip fit in a shooting area of the camera. 10. The information processing apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the processor is further configured to:
provide at least one of an audio guide, an image guide, or a text guide, so that the person and the object with the IC chip fit in a shooting area of the camera. 11. The information processing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the processor is further configured to:
provide at least one of an audio guide, an image guide, or a text guide, so that the person and the object with the IC chip fit in a shooting area of the camera. 12. The information processing apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the processor is further configured to:
notify the person if no person or no object is detected in the image data. 13. The information processing apparatus according to claim 8, further comprising a display that, while the image data is received from the camera, displays the received image data with a first frame and a second frame to guide positions of the person and the object,
wherein the processor is further configured to: if the person and the object are not positioned as guided by the first frame and the second frame, provide a prompt to adjust positions of the person and the object as guided by the first frame and the second frame. 14. The information processing apparatus according to claim 8, further comprising a display that, while the video is received from the camera, displays the received image data with a first frame and a second frame to guide positions of the person and the object,
wherein the processor is further configured to: if more than one person is detected in the first frame or more than one object is detected in the second frame, provide a prompt to place only one person in the first frame and only one object in the second frame. 15. The information processing apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the processor is further configured to:
if more than one person is detected in the first frame or more than one object is detected in the second frame, provide a prompt to place only one person in the first frame and only one object in the second frame. 16. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the controller is further configured to:
refrain from the execution of the process, if comparison of a result of the analysis of the image data against the personal information does not find a correspondence. 17. The information processing apparatus according to claim 16,
wherein the personal information comprises a preregistered character string, and wherein the comparison is performed to determine whether the preregistered character string corresponds to a character string on the object in the image data from the camera. 18. The information processing apparatus according to claim 16,
wherein the personal information comprises a preregistered image, and wherein the comparison is performed to determine whether the preregistered image corresponds to an image on the object in the image data from the camera. 19. The information processing apparatus according to claim 16,
wherein the personal information comprises a preregistered shape, and wherein the comparison is performed to determine whether the preregistered shape corresponds to a shape of the object in the image data from the camera. 20. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing an information processing program causing a computer to execute a process comprising:
receiving image data from a camera; detecting a person and an object in the image data; receiving information read from an IC chip on the object, the information being (i) personal information of the person or (ii) information used to retrieve the personal information of the person from a database; and executing a predetermined process using the personal information. | An information processing apparatus includes a processor configured to receive image data from a camera, detect a person and an object in the image data, receive information read from an IC chip on the object, the information being (i) personal information of the person or (ii) information used to retrieve the personal information of the person from a database, and execute a predetermined process using the personal information.1. An information processing apparatus, comprising:
a processor configured to: receive image data from a camera; detect a person and an object in the image data; receive information read from an IC chip on the object, the information being (i) personal information of the person or (ii) information used to retrieve the personal information of the person from a database; and execute a predetermined process using the personal information. 2. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the detection comprises detecting the person performing a predetermined action in the image data while holding the object. 3. The information processing apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising a reader,
wherein the reading of the information from the IC chip on the object is performed by the reader. 4. The information processing apparatus according to claim 3,
wherein the predetermined action is bringing the object with the IC chip closer to the reader, wherein the reading of the information from the IC chip on the object is done by near field communication. 5. The information processing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the detection further comprises detecting the predetermined action being performed within a predetermined period before the reading of the information from the IC chip. 6. The information processing apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the detection further comprises detecting the predetermined action being performed within a predetermined period before the reading of the information from the IC chip. 7. The information processing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the detection further comprises detecting the predetermined action being performed within a predetermined period before the reading of the information from the IC chip. 8. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:
provide at least one of an audio guide, an image guide, or a text guide, so that the person and the object with the IC chip fit in a shooting area of the camera. 9. The information processing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the processor is further configured to:
provide at least one of an audio guide, an image guide, or a text guide, so that the person and the object with the IC chip fit in a shooting area of the camera. 10. The information processing apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the processor is further configured to:
provide at least one of an audio guide, an image guide, or a text guide, so that the person and the object with the IC chip fit in a shooting area of the camera. 11. The information processing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the processor is further configured to:
provide at least one of an audio guide, an image guide, or a text guide, so that the person and the object with the IC chip fit in a shooting area of the camera. 12. The information processing apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the processor is further configured to:
notify the person if no person or no object is detected in the image data. 13. The information processing apparatus according to claim 8, further comprising a display that, while the image data is received from the camera, displays the received image data with a first frame and a second frame to guide positions of the person and the object,
wherein the processor is further configured to: if the person and the object are not positioned as guided by the first frame and the second frame, provide a prompt to adjust positions of the person and the object as guided by the first frame and the second frame. 14. The information processing apparatus according to claim 8, further comprising a display that, while the video is received from the camera, displays the received image data with a first frame and a second frame to guide positions of the person and the object,
wherein the processor is further configured to: if more than one person is detected in the first frame or more than one object is detected in the second frame, provide a prompt to place only one person in the first frame and only one object in the second frame. 15. The information processing apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the processor is further configured to:
if more than one person is detected in the first frame or more than one object is detected in the second frame, provide a prompt to place only one person in the first frame and only one object in the second frame. 16. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the controller is further configured to:
refrain from the execution of the process, if comparison of a result of the analysis of the image data against the personal information does not find a correspondence. 17. The information processing apparatus according to claim 16,
wherein the personal information comprises a preregistered character string, and wherein the comparison is performed to determine whether the preregistered character string corresponds to a character string on the object in the image data from the camera. 18. The information processing apparatus according to claim 16,
wherein the personal information comprises a preregistered image, and wherein the comparison is performed to determine whether the preregistered image corresponds to an image on the object in the image data from the camera. 19. The information processing apparatus according to claim 16,
wherein the personal information comprises a preregistered shape, and wherein the comparison is performed to determine whether the preregistered shape corresponds to a shape of the object in the image data from the camera. 20. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing an information processing program causing a computer to execute a process comprising:
receiving image data from a camera; detecting a person and an object in the image data; receiving information read from an IC chip on the object, the information being (i) personal information of the person or (ii) information used to retrieve the personal information of the person from a database; and executing a predetermined process using the personal information. | 1,600 |
342,162 | 16,802,483 | 1,675 | An apparatus for a nozzle is provided for engaging with lightweight preforms for blow-molding the preforms into plastic containers without damaging the finish portion of the preforms. The nozzle comprises a first cylindrical portion including a first seal, a second cylindrical portion including a second seal, and a tapered portion between the first and second cylindrical portions. The first and second cylindrical portions include diameters that are less than respective diameters of interior surfaces within the finish portion. The first and second seals are disposed around respective circumferences of the first and second cylindrical portions and configured to tightly engage with the interior surfaces of the preform while maintaining clearance between the nozzle and the interior of the finish portion. In some embodiments, the seals are configured to stabilize an orientation of the preform after being pressed onto the nozzle and facilitate conveying the preform along a manufacturing line. | 1. A nozzle for forming a container preform into a plastic container, the nozzle comprising:
a first cylindrical portion including a first seal; a second cylindrical portion including a second seal; and a tapered portion between the first and second cylindrical portions. 2. The nozzle of claim 1, further including a tapered tip comprising a narrowing of a diameter of the first cylindrical portion forward of the first seal so as to provide clearance between the nozzle and an interior surface of the container preform. 3. The nozzle of claim 2, further comprising an opening whereby stretching and/or blow-molding instruments may be inserted into the container preform. 4. The nozzle of claim 3, wherein the tapered tip is configured to prevent damage to interior surfaces of a finish portion comprising the container preform during insertion of the nozzle into the opening. 5. The nozzle of claim 1, wherein the first seal is disposed around a circumference of the first cylindrical portion and configured to tightly engage with a first smooth interior surface of a finish portion of the container preform; and wherein the second seal is disposed around the circumference of the second cylindrical portion and configured to tightly engage with a second smooth interior surface of the finish portion. 6. The nozzle of claim 5, wherein the first cylindrical portion includes a diameter that is substantially less than an inner diameter of the first smooth interior surface so as to provide clearance between the first cylindrical portion and the first smooth interior surface. 7. The nozzle of claim 6, wherein the second cylindrical portion includes a diameter that is substantially less than an inner diameter of the second smooth interior surface so as to provide clearance between the second cylindrical portion and the second smooth interior surface. 8. The nozzle of claim 5, wherein the first seal and the second seal are configured to respectively press against the first smooth interior surface and the second smooth interior surface such that clearance is disposed between the first cylindrical portion and the first smooth interior surface and between the second cylindrical portion and the second smooth interior surface. 9. The nozzle of claim 5, wherein the first seal and the second seal comprise O-rings configured to tightly press against mirror-polished interior surfaces within the finish portion. 10. The nozzle of claim 1, wherein the tapered portion comprises a transition from a diameter of the second cylindrical portion to a diameter of the first cylindrical portion, the diameter of the first cylindrical portion being less than the diameter of the second cylindrical portion. 11. The nozzle of claim 10, wherein the tapered portion is configured to accommodate a decrease in diameter of an interior surface of a finish portion comprising the container preform. 12. A nozzle for forming a container preform into a plastic container, the nozzle comprising:
a first cylindrical portion including a first seal and a tapered tip; a second cylindrical portion coupled to the first cylindrical portion by way of a tapered portion; and a second seal mounted onto the tapered portion. 13. The nozzle of claim 12, wherein the first seal is disposed around a circumference of the first cylindrical portion and configured to tightly engage with a first smooth interior surface of a finish portion of the container preform; and wherein the second seal is disposed around a circumference of the tapered portion and configured to tightly engage with a second smooth interior surface of the finish portion. 14. The nozzle of claim 13, wherein the first seal and the second seal are configured to respectively press against the first smooth interior surface and the second smooth interior surface such that clearance is disposed between the first cylindrical portion and the first smooth interior surface and between the second cylindrical portion and the second smooth interior surface. 15. The nozzle of claim 13, wherein the first seal and the second seal comprise O-rings configured to tightly press against mirror-polished interior surfaces within the finish portion. 16. The nozzle of claim 13, wherein the first seal is configured to forcibly contact a first transition surface of the finish portion and the second seal is configured to forcibly contact a second transition surface of the finish portion, the first transition surface having a diameter less than a diameter of the second transition surface. 17. The nozzle of claim 16, wherein the first seal and the second seal are configured to respectively contact the first transition surface and the second transition surface so as to stabilize an orientation of the container preform after being pressed onto the nozzle. 18. The nozzle of claim 16, wherein the first seal and the second seal are configured to maintain clearance between an interior of the finish portion and the nozzle. 19. The nozzle of claim 16, wherein the first seal and the second seal are configured to maintain clearance between the container preform and equipment to which the nozzle is coupled. | An apparatus for a nozzle is provided for engaging with lightweight preforms for blow-molding the preforms into plastic containers without damaging the finish portion of the preforms. The nozzle comprises a first cylindrical portion including a first seal, a second cylindrical portion including a second seal, and a tapered portion between the first and second cylindrical portions. The first and second cylindrical portions include diameters that are less than respective diameters of interior surfaces within the finish portion. The first and second seals are disposed around respective circumferences of the first and second cylindrical portions and configured to tightly engage with the interior surfaces of the preform while maintaining clearance between the nozzle and the interior of the finish portion. In some embodiments, the seals are configured to stabilize an orientation of the preform after being pressed onto the nozzle and facilitate conveying the preform along a manufacturing line.1. A nozzle for forming a container preform into a plastic container, the nozzle comprising:
a first cylindrical portion including a first seal; a second cylindrical portion including a second seal; and a tapered portion between the first and second cylindrical portions. 2. The nozzle of claim 1, further including a tapered tip comprising a narrowing of a diameter of the first cylindrical portion forward of the first seal so as to provide clearance between the nozzle and an interior surface of the container preform. 3. The nozzle of claim 2, further comprising an opening whereby stretching and/or blow-molding instruments may be inserted into the container preform. 4. The nozzle of claim 3, wherein the tapered tip is configured to prevent damage to interior surfaces of a finish portion comprising the container preform during insertion of the nozzle into the opening. 5. The nozzle of claim 1, wherein the first seal is disposed around a circumference of the first cylindrical portion and configured to tightly engage with a first smooth interior surface of a finish portion of the container preform; and wherein the second seal is disposed around the circumference of the second cylindrical portion and configured to tightly engage with a second smooth interior surface of the finish portion. 6. The nozzle of claim 5, wherein the first cylindrical portion includes a diameter that is substantially less than an inner diameter of the first smooth interior surface so as to provide clearance between the first cylindrical portion and the first smooth interior surface. 7. The nozzle of claim 6, wherein the second cylindrical portion includes a diameter that is substantially less than an inner diameter of the second smooth interior surface so as to provide clearance between the second cylindrical portion and the second smooth interior surface. 8. The nozzle of claim 5, wherein the first seal and the second seal are configured to respectively press against the first smooth interior surface and the second smooth interior surface such that clearance is disposed between the first cylindrical portion and the first smooth interior surface and between the second cylindrical portion and the second smooth interior surface. 9. The nozzle of claim 5, wherein the first seal and the second seal comprise O-rings configured to tightly press against mirror-polished interior surfaces within the finish portion. 10. The nozzle of claim 1, wherein the tapered portion comprises a transition from a diameter of the second cylindrical portion to a diameter of the first cylindrical portion, the diameter of the first cylindrical portion being less than the diameter of the second cylindrical portion. 11. The nozzle of claim 10, wherein the tapered portion is configured to accommodate a decrease in diameter of an interior surface of a finish portion comprising the container preform. 12. A nozzle for forming a container preform into a plastic container, the nozzle comprising:
a first cylindrical portion including a first seal and a tapered tip; a second cylindrical portion coupled to the first cylindrical portion by way of a tapered portion; and a second seal mounted onto the tapered portion. 13. The nozzle of claim 12, wherein the first seal is disposed around a circumference of the first cylindrical portion and configured to tightly engage with a first smooth interior surface of a finish portion of the container preform; and wherein the second seal is disposed around a circumference of the tapered portion and configured to tightly engage with a second smooth interior surface of the finish portion. 14. The nozzle of claim 13, wherein the first seal and the second seal are configured to respectively press against the first smooth interior surface and the second smooth interior surface such that clearance is disposed between the first cylindrical portion and the first smooth interior surface and between the second cylindrical portion and the second smooth interior surface. 15. The nozzle of claim 13, wherein the first seal and the second seal comprise O-rings configured to tightly press against mirror-polished interior surfaces within the finish portion. 16. The nozzle of claim 13, wherein the first seal is configured to forcibly contact a first transition surface of the finish portion and the second seal is configured to forcibly contact a second transition surface of the finish portion, the first transition surface having a diameter less than a diameter of the second transition surface. 17. The nozzle of claim 16, wherein the first seal and the second seal are configured to respectively contact the first transition surface and the second transition surface so as to stabilize an orientation of the container preform after being pressed onto the nozzle. 18. The nozzle of claim 16, wherein the first seal and the second seal are configured to maintain clearance between an interior of the finish portion and the nozzle. 19. The nozzle of claim 16, wherein the first seal and the second seal are configured to maintain clearance between the container preform and equipment to which the nozzle is coupled. | 1,600 |
342,163 | 16,802,522 | 2,842 | A wireless charging system includes a wireless power receiver, at least one receiver-side magnetic coupling member, a wireless power transmitter and at least one transmitter-side magnetic coupling member. The receiver-side magnetic coupling member is disposed on the wireless power receiver. The transmitter-side magnetic coupling member is disposed on the wireless power transmitter and is configured to attract the receiver-side magnetic coupling member. At least one of the wireless power receiver and the wireless power transmitter is movable. | 1. A wireless charging system, comprising:
a wireless power receiver; at least one receiver-side magnetic coupling member disposed on the wireless power receiver; a wireless power transmitter; and at least one transmitter-side magnetic coupling member disposed on the wireless power transmitter and configured to attract the at least one receiver-side magnetic coupling member; wherein at least one of the wireless power receiver and the wireless power transmitter is movable. 2. The wireless charging system of claim 1, wherein the wireless power transmitter is electrically coupled to a power source, the wireless charging system further comprises a contact sensor and a switch, the switch is connected between the wireless power transmitter and the power source, when the contact sensor detects the wireless power transmitter being in contact with the wireless power receiver, the switch allows the power source to deliver electric power to the wireless power transmitter. 3. The wireless charging system of claim 1, wherein the at least one receiver-side magnetic coupling member comprises an electromagnet. 4. The wireless charging system of claim 3, wherein the wireless power receiver is connected to an energy storage device, the wireless charging system further comprises an energy level detector, when the energy level detector detects that an energy level of the energy storage device reaches a predetermined energy level, the electromagnet ceases generating magnetic field. 5. A wireless charging station, comprising:
a base; a wireless power transmitter disposed on the base; and at least one magnetic coupling member disposed on the wireless power transmitter. 6. The wireless charging station of claim 5, further comprising a plurality of mechanical links, wherein the wireless power transmitter is movably connected to the base via the mechanical links. 7. The wireless charging station of claim 5, wherein the base has a frame at least partially surrounding the wireless power transmitter, the wireless charging station further comprises a plurality of elastic members connected between the frame and the wireless power transmitter. 8. A vehicle, comprising:
a vehicular body; a wireless power receiver disposed on the vehicular body; and at least one magnetic coupling member disposed on the wireless power receiver. 9. The vehicle of claim 8, further comprising a movement mechanism connected between the vehicular body and the wireless power receiver, the movement mechanism being configured to move the wireless power receiver between a charging position and a standby position. 10. The vehicle of claim 8, wherein the wireless power receiver is located on a roof of the vehicular body. 11. The vehicle of claim 8, wherein the wireless power receiver is located on a side surface of the vehicular body. 12. The vehicle of claim 8, wherein the wireless power receiver is located on a hood of the vehicular body. 13. The vehicle of claim 8, wherein the wireless power receiver is located on a trunk lid of the vehicular body. 14. A wireless charging station for charging a wireless power receiver, the wireless charging station comprising:
a movable base; a wireless power transmitter disposed on the movable base; and a positioning device disposed on the movable base and configured to detect the wireless power receiver, wherein the wireless power receiver is detected by the positioning device, the positioning device controls the movable base to move the wireless power transmitter to have the wireless power transmitter abut the wireless power receiver to perform wireless charging. | A wireless charging system includes a wireless power receiver, at least one receiver-side magnetic coupling member, a wireless power transmitter and at least one transmitter-side magnetic coupling member. The receiver-side magnetic coupling member is disposed on the wireless power receiver. The transmitter-side magnetic coupling member is disposed on the wireless power transmitter and is configured to attract the receiver-side magnetic coupling member. At least one of the wireless power receiver and the wireless power transmitter is movable.1. A wireless charging system, comprising:
a wireless power receiver; at least one receiver-side magnetic coupling member disposed on the wireless power receiver; a wireless power transmitter; and at least one transmitter-side magnetic coupling member disposed on the wireless power transmitter and configured to attract the at least one receiver-side magnetic coupling member; wherein at least one of the wireless power receiver and the wireless power transmitter is movable. 2. The wireless charging system of claim 1, wherein the wireless power transmitter is electrically coupled to a power source, the wireless charging system further comprises a contact sensor and a switch, the switch is connected between the wireless power transmitter and the power source, when the contact sensor detects the wireless power transmitter being in contact with the wireless power receiver, the switch allows the power source to deliver electric power to the wireless power transmitter. 3. The wireless charging system of claim 1, wherein the at least one receiver-side magnetic coupling member comprises an electromagnet. 4. The wireless charging system of claim 3, wherein the wireless power receiver is connected to an energy storage device, the wireless charging system further comprises an energy level detector, when the energy level detector detects that an energy level of the energy storage device reaches a predetermined energy level, the electromagnet ceases generating magnetic field. 5. A wireless charging station, comprising:
a base; a wireless power transmitter disposed on the base; and at least one magnetic coupling member disposed on the wireless power transmitter. 6. The wireless charging station of claim 5, further comprising a plurality of mechanical links, wherein the wireless power transmitter is movably connected to the base via the mechanical links. 7. The wireless charging station of claim 5, wherein the base has a frame at least partially surrounding the wireless power transmitter, the wireless charging station further comprises a plurality of elastic members connected between the frame and the wireless power transmitter. 8. A vehicle, comprising:
a vehicular body; a wireless power receiver disposed on the vehicular body; and at least one magnetic coupling member disposed on the wireless power receiver. 9. The vehicle of claim 8, further comprising a movement mechanism connected between the vehicular body and the wireless power receiver, the movement mechanism being configured to move the wireless power receiver between a charging position and a standby position. 10. The vehicle of claim 8, wherein the wireless power receiver is located on a roof of the vehicular body. 11. The vehicle of claim 8, wherein the wireless power receiver is located on a side surface of the vehicular body. 12. The vehicle of claim 8, wherein the wireless power receiver is located on a hood of the vehicular body. 13. The vehicle of claim 8, wherein the wireless power receiver is located on a trunk lid of the vehicular body. 14. A wireless charging station for charging a wireless power receiver, the wireless charging station comprising:
a movable base; a wireless power transmitter disposed on the movable base; and a positioning device disposed on the movable base and configured to detect the wireless power receiver, wherein the wireless power receiver is detected by the positioning device, the positioning device controls the movable base to move the wireless power transmitter to have the wireless power transmitter abut the wireless power receiver to perform wireless charging. | 2,800 |
342,164 | 16,802,516 | 2,842 | Implementations are described for automatically storing, in a blockchain, metrics that relate to payments. In one implementation, permissions that identify a set of metrics are retrieved from a database. The permissions are stored by a tenant of a multi-tenant system to grant permission to the multi-tenant system to store the metrics for a second tenant. A metric is selected from the set of metrics, based on a determination that a value of the metric is to be updated responsive to a payment in a transaction between the first and second tenants where the payment has been successfully processed. The value of the metric is determined for the second tenant based on data relating to the payment. The value of the metric is stored, in the blockchain, with an identifier that uniquely identifies the second tenant in the blockchain. | 1. A method comprising:
retrieving, from a database, a first set of permissions that identify a first set of metrics, wherein the first set of permissions are stored by a first tenant of a multi-tenant system to grant permission to the multi-tenant system to store the first set of metrics for a second tenant of the multi-tenant system; selecting a metric from the first set of metrics based on a determination that a value of the metric is to be updated responsive to a payment in a transaction between the first tenant and the second tenant where the payment has been successfully processed; determining the value of the metric for the second tenant based on data relating to the payment; and storing, in a blockchain, the value of the metric with an identifier that uniquely identifies the second tenant in the blockchain. 2. The method of claim 1, the method further comprising:
verifying that the second tenant granted the permission for the first set of metrics to be stored for the second tenant. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the database is reserved to the first tenant, and wherein the verifying includes:
retrieving, from a database that is reserved to the second tenant, a second set of permissions that identify a second set of metrics for which the second tenant granted permission to be stored for the second tenant, and determining that the second set of metrics includes the first set of metrics. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein a response from a payment gateway that processed the payment indicates that the payment has been successfully processed. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein a record in the database stores an indication that the payment has been successfully processed and the data relating to the payment. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the method further comprises:
retrieving, from an event published to a source of events, an indication that the payment has been successfully processed, wherein the event was published to the source of events responsive to inserting or updating the record. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the determination that the value of the metric is to be updated is based on an attribute of an object that represents the metric, wherein the attribute indicates that the metric is to be updated based on successful processing of payments. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the metric represents current balance owed, and wherein the determining the value of the metric for the second tenant is further based on a value of a current balance that the second tenant owes the first tenant and that is stored in the database. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the metric represents number of payments that are currently overdue, wherein the payment was overdue, and wherein the determining the value of the metric is further based on a last value of the metric that is stored, in the blockchain, for the second tenant. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
selecting another metric from the first set of metrics based on another determination that a value of the another metric is to be updated responsive to another payment between the first tenant and the second tenant where the another payment has been unsuccessfully processed; determining the value of the another metric for the second tenant based on data relating to the another payment; and storing, in the blockchain, the value of the another metric with the identifier that uniquely identifies the second tenant in the blockchain. 11. A non-transitory machine-readable storage medium that stores instructions that, when executed by a processor, are capable of causing the processor to perform operations comprising:
retrieving, from a database, a first set of permissions that identify a first set of metrics, wherein the first set of permissions are stored by a first tenant of a multi-tenant system to grant permission to the multi-tenant system to store the first set of metrics for a second tenant of the multi-tenant system; selecting a metric from the first set of metrics based on a determination that a value of the metric is to be updated responsive to a payment in a transaction between the first tenant and the second tenant where the payment has been successfully processed; determining the value of the metric for the second tenant based on data relating to the payment; and storing, in a blockchain, the value of the metric with an identifier that uniquely identifies the second tenant in the blockchain. 12. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 11, wherein the non-transitory machine-readable storage medium further provides instructions that, when executed by the processor, are capable of causing the processor to perform further operations comprising:
verifying that the second tenant granted the permission for the first set of metrics to be stored for the second tenant. 13. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 12, wherein the database is reserved to the first tenant, and wherein the verifying includes:
retrieving, from a database that is reserved to the second tenant, a second set of permissions that identify a second set of metrics for which the second tenant granted permission to be stored for the second tenant, and determining that the second set of metrics includes the first set of metrics. 14. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 11, wherein a response from a payment gateway that processed the payment indicates that the payment has been successfully processed. 15. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 11, wherein a record in the database stores an indication that the payment has been successfully processed and the data relating to the payment. 16. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 11, wherein the determination that the value of the metric is to be updated is based on an attribute of an object that represents the metric, wherein the attribute indicates that the metric is to be updated based on successful processing of payments. 17. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 11, wherein the metric represents number of payments that are currently overdue, wherein the payment was overdue, and wherein the determining the value of the metric is further based on a last value of the metric that is stored, in the blockchain, for the second tenant. 18. A system, comprising:
a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium that stores a blockchain storage service; and a processor coupled to the non-transitory machine-readable storage medium, the processor to execute the blockchain storage service, the blockchain storage service to: retrieve, from a database, a first set of permissions that identify a first set of metrics, wherein the first set of permissions are stored by a first tenant of a multi-tenant system to grant permission to the multi-tenant system to store the first set of metrics for a second tenant of the multi-tenant system, to select a metric from the first set of metrics based on a determination that a value of the metric is to be updated responsive to a payment in a transaction between the first tenant and the second tenant where the payment has been successfully processed, to determine the value of the metric for the second tenant based on data relating to the payment, and to store, in a blockchain, the value of the metric with an identifier that uniquely identifies the second tenant in the blockchain. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the blockchain storage service is further to verify that the second tenant granted the permission for the first set of metrics to be stored for the second tenant. 20. The system of claim 18, wherein a response from a payment gateway that processed the payment indicates that the payment has been successfully processed. | Implementations are described for automatically storing, in a blockchain, metrics that relate to payments. In one implementation, permissions that identify a set of metrics are retrieved from a database. The permissions are stored by a tenant of a multi-tenant system to grant permission to the multi-tenant system to store the metrics for a second tenant. A metric is selected from the set of metrics, based on a determination that a value of the metric is to be updated responsive to a payment in a transaction between the first and second tenants where the payment has been successfully processed. The value of the metric is determined for the second tenant based on data relating to the payment. The value of the metric is stored, in the blockchain, with an identifier that uniquely identifies the second tenant in the blockchain.1. A method comprising:
retrieving, from a database, a first set of permissions that identify a first set of metrics, wherein the first set of permissions are stored by a first tenant of a multi-tenant system to grant permission to the multi-tenant system to store the first set of metrics for a second tenant of the multi-tenant system; selecting a metric from the first set of metrics based on a determination that a value of the metric is to be updated responsive to a payment in a transaction between the first tenant and the second tenant where the payment has been successfully processed; determining the value of the metric for the second tenant based on data relating to the payment; and storing, in a blockchain, the value of the metric with an identifier that uniquely identifies the second tenant in the blockchain. 2. The method of claim 1, the method further comprising:
verifying that the second tenant granted the permission for the first set of metrics to be stored for the second tenant. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the database is reserved to the first tenant, and wherein the verifying includes:
retrieving, from a database that is reserved to the second tenant, a second set of permissions that identify a second set of metrics for which the second tenant granted permission to be stored for the second tenant, and determining that the second set of metrics includes the first set of metrics. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein a response from a payment gateway that processed the payment indicates that the payment has been successfully processed. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein a record in the database stores an indication that the payment has been successfully processed and the data relating to the payment. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the method further comprises:
retrieving, from an event published to a source of events, an indication that the payment has been successfully processed, wherein the event was published to the source of events responsive to inserting or updating the record. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the determination that the value of the metric is to be updated is based on an attribute of an object that represents the metric, wherein the attribute indicates that the metric is to be updated based on successful processing of payments. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the metric represents current balance owed, and wherein the determining the value of the metric for the second tenant is further based on a value of a current balance that the second tenant owes the first tenant and that is stored in the database. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the metric represents number of payments that are currently overdue, wherein the payment was overdue, and wherein the determining the value of the metric is further based on a last value of the metric that is stored, in the blockchain, for the second tenant. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
selecting another metric from the first set of metrics based on another determination that a value of the another metric is to be updated responsive to another payment between the first tenant and the second tenant where the another payment has been unsuccessfully processed; determining the value of the another metric for the second tenant based on data relating to the another payment; and storing, in the blockchain, the value of the another metric with the identifier that uniquely identifies the second tenant in the blockchain. 11. A non-transitory machine-readable storage medium that stores instructions that, when executed by a processor, are capable of causing the processor to perform operations comprising:
retrieving, from a database, a first set of permissions that identify a first set of metrics, wherein the first set of permissions are stored by a first tenant of a multi-tenant system to grant permission to the multi-tenant system to store the first set of metrics for a second tenant of the multi-tenant system; selecting a metric from the first set of metrics based on a determination that a value of the metric is to be updated responsive to a payment in a transaction between the first tenant and the second tenant where the payment has been successfully processed; determining the value of the metric for the second tenant based on data relating to the payment; and storing, in a blockchain, the value of the metric with an identifier that uniquely identifies the second tenant in the blockchain. 12. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 11, wherein the non-transitory machine-readable storage medium further provides instructions that, when executed by the processor, are capable of causing the processor to perform further operations comprising:
verifying that the second tenant granted the permission for the first set of metrics to be stored for the second tenant. 13. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 12, wherein the database is reserved to the first tenant, and wherein the verifying includes:
retrieving, from a database that is reserved to the second tenant, a second set of permissions that identify a second set of metrics for which the second tenant granted permission to be stored for the second tenant, and determining that the second set of metrics includes the first set of metrics. 14. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 11, wherein a response from a payment gateway that processed the payment indicates that the payment has been successfully processed. 15. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 11, wherein a record in the database stores an indication that the payment has been successfully processed and the data relating to the payment. 16. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 11, wherein the determination that the value of the metric is to be updated is based on an attribute of an object that represents the metric, wherein the attribute indicates that the metric is to be updated based on successful processing of payments. 17. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 11, wherein the metric represents number of payments that are currently overdue, wherein the payment was overdue, and wherein the determining the value of the metric is further based on a last value of the metric that is stored, in the blockchain, for the second tenant. 18. A system, comprising:
a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium that stores a blockchain storage service; and a processor coupled to the non-transitory machine-readable storage medium, the processor to execute the blockchain storage service, the blockchain storage service to: retrieve, from a database, a first set of permissions that identify a first set of metrics, wherein the first set of permissions are stored by a first tenant of a multi-tenant system to grant permission to the multi-tenant system to store the first set of metrics for a second tenant of the multi-tenant system, to select a metric from the first set of metrics based on a determination that a value of the metric is to be updated responsive to a payment in a transaction between the first tenant and the second tenant where the payment has been successfully processed, to determine the value of the metric for the second tenant based on data relating to the payment, and to store, in a blockchain, the value of the metric with an identifier that uniquely identifies the second tenant in the blockchain. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the blockchain storage service is further to verify that the second tenant granted the permission for the first set of metrics to be stored for the second tenant. 20. The system of claim 18, wherein a response from a payment gateway that processed the payment indicates that the payment has been successfully processed. | 2,800 |
342,165 | 16,802,503 | 2,842 | A resonator is based on a coplanar waveguide (CPW) structure that includes a first end portion having a first width and configured to be coupled to a first qubit. There is a a middle portion having a second width that is narrower than the first width. There is a second end portion having a third width that is wider than the second width and configured to be coupled to a second qubit. | 1. A resonator, comprising:
a coplanar waveguide (CPW) structure comprising;
a first end portion having a first width and configured to be coupled to a first qubit;
a middle portion having a second width that is narrower than the first width; and
a second end portion having a third width that is wider than the second width and configured to be coupled to a second qubit. 2. The resonator of claim 1, wherein the first width is substantially equal to the third width. 3. The resonator of claim 1, wherein the middle portion of the CPW structure is folded. 4. The resonator of claim 1, wherein at least of the first or second end portions has an S structure. 5. The resonator of claim 4, wherein the S structure is around one or more bonding structures. 6. The resonator of claim 5, wherein at least one of the one or more bonding structures is an under-bump metal (UBM). 7. The resonator of claim 1, wherein the first and third widths are based on a width that provides a capacitance and inductance of the first and second end portions, respectively, that increases a frequency of modes that are above a fundamental frequency of the CPW structure. 8. The resonator of claim 1, wherein the coupling between the first qubit and the first end portion is capacitive. 9. The resonator of claim 1, wherein a length of the first end portion and a length of the second end portion are each shorter than a length of the middle portion. 10. The resonator of claim 1, wherein an inductance of the middle portion is higher than an inductance of each of the first and second end portions. 11. The resonator of claim 10, wherein a capacitance of the middle portion is lower than a capacitance of each of the first and second end portions. 12. The resonator of claim 1, wherein a first mode of the resonator is above a factor of 2 times a fundamental frequency of the resonator. 13. A quantum bus system, comprising:
a first qubit; a second qubit; and a coplanar waveguide (CPW) structure comprising:
a first end portion having a first width and coupled to the first qubit;
a middle portion having a second width that is narrower than the first width; and
a second end portion having a third width that is wider than the second width and coupled to the second qubit. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein:
the middle portion of the CPW structure is folded; and at least of the first or second end portions has an S structure. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the S structure is around one or more bonding structures. 16. The system of claim 13, wherein the first and third widths are based on a width that provides a capacitance and inductance of the first and second end portions, respectively, that increases a frequency of modes that are above a fundamental frequency of the CPW structure. 17. The system of claim 13, wherein the coupling between the first qubit and the first end portion is capacitive. 18. The system of claim 13, wherein a length of the first end portion and a length of the second end portion are each shorter than a length of the middle portion. 19. The system of claim 13, wherein:
an inductance of the middle portion is higher than an inductance of each of the first and second end portions; and a capacitance of the middle portion is lower than a capacitance of each of the first and second end portions. 20. The system of claim 13, wherein a first mode of the resonator is above a factor of 2 times a fundamental frequency of the resonator. 21. A method of coupling qubits, comprising:
coupling a first end portion of a coplanar waveguide (CPW) structure to a first qubit; coupling a second end portion of the CPW structure to a second qubit; and providing a middle portion of the CPW structure to have a width that is less than a width of the first end portion and a width of the second end portion. 22. The method of claim 21, further comprising, increasing a frequency of modes that are above a fundamental frequency of the CPW structure by adjusting a geometry of the first and second end portions of the CPW structure. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein the coupling between the first qubit and the first end portion is capacitive. 24. The method of claim 21, further comprising providing a first mode of the CPW structure to be a factor of at least 2 times a fundamental frequency of the resonator. | A resonator is based on a coplanar waveguide (CPW) structure that includes a first end portion having a first width and configured to be coupled to a first qubit. There is a a middle portion having a second width that is narrower than the first width. There is a second end portion having a third width that is wider than the second width and configured to be coupled to a second qubit.1. A resonator, comprising:
a coplanar waveguide (CPW) structure comprising;
a first end portion having a first width and configured to be coupled to a first qubit;
a middle portion having a second width that is narrower than the first width; and
a second end portion having a third width that is wider than the second width and configured to be coupled to a second qubit. 2. The resonator of claim 1, wherein the first width is substantially equal to the third width. 3. The resonator of claim 1, wherein the middle portion of the CPW structure is folded. 4. The resonator of claim 1, wherein at least of the first or second end portions has an S structure. 5. The resonator of claim 4, wherein the S structure is around one or more bonding structures. 6. The resonator of claim 5, wherein at least one of the one or more bonding structures is an under-bump metal (UBM). 7. The resonator of claim 1, wherein the first and third widths are based on a width that provides a capacitance and inductance of the first and second end portions, respectively, that increases a frequency of modes that are above a fundamental frequency of the CPW structure. 8. The resonator of claim 1, wherein the coupling between the first qubit and the first end portion is capacitive. 9. The resonator of claim 1, wherein a length of the first end portion and a length of the second end portion are each shorter than a length of the middle portion. 10. The resonator of claim 1, wherein an inductance of the middle portion is higher than an inductance of each of the first and second end portions. 11. The resonator of claim 10, wherein a capacitance of the middle portion is lower than a capacitance of each of the first and second end portions. 12. The resonator of claim 1, wherein a first mode of the resonator is above a factor of 2 times a fundamental frequency of the resonator. 13. A quantum bus system, comprising:
a first qubit; a second qubit; and a coplanar waveguide (CPW) structure comprising:
a first end portion having a first width and coupled to the first qubit;
a middle portion having a second width that is narrower than the first width; and
a second end portion having a third width that is wider than the second width and coupled to the second qubit. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein:
the middle portion of the CPW structure is folded; and at least of the first or second end portions has an S structure. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the S structure is around one or more bonding structures. 16. The system of claim 13, wherein the first and third widths are based on a width that provides a capacitance and inductance of the first and second end portions, respectively, that increases a frequency of modes that are above a fundamental frequency of the CPW structure. 17. The system of claim 13, wherein the coupling between the first qubit and the first end portion is capacitive. 18. The system of claim 13, wherein a length of the first end portion and a length of the second end portion are each shorter than a length of the middle portion. 19. The system of claim 13, wherein:
an inductance of the middle portion is higher than an inductance of each of the first and second end portions; and a capacitance of the middle portion is lower than a capacitance of each of the first and second end portions. 20. The system of claim 13, wherein a first mode of the resonator is above a factor of 2 times a fundamental frequency of the resonator. 21. A method of coupling qubits, comprising:
coupling a first end portion of a coplanar waveguide (CPW) structure to a first qubit; coupling a second end portion of the CPW structure to a second qubit; and providing a middle portion of the CPW structure to have a width that is less than a width of the first end portion and a width of the second end portion. 22. The method of claim 21, further comprising, increasing a frequency of modes that are above a fundamental frequency of the CPW structure by adjusting a geometry of the first and second end portions of the CPW structure. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein the coupling between the first qubit and the first end portion is capacitive. 24. The method of claim 21, further comprising providing a first mode of the CPW structure to be a factor of at least 2 times a fundamental frequency of the resonator. | 2,800 |
342,166 | 16,802,532 | 3,711 | Specific classroom tools, toys, and vehicles including a connected plastic and non-conductive materials including encasements around front and back positioned same polarity magnets only and electromagnets train car including train cars with and without energy sources for the purpose of providing invisible contact repulsion between cars and vehicle movement when force is applied to the first car. The invention includes attaching magnetic and electromagnet encasements to the front and back of train cars. The encasements allow close and distant magnet and electromagnet impactful interactions between cars with and without bottom-positioned wheels. The invention is usable for classrooms, toys, and as vehicles and provides a permanently-attached-to-train car thick plastic fence-net-type encasements around magnets providing reduced contact potential and possible magnet-to-magnet contact and desired magnet type, size, power, and only one polarity one-side magnets to reduce magnet attraction and hence provides safety and protection for younger users. | 1. A method of making an included and connected permanently and temporarily positioned solid and with openings plastic and non-conductive materials including fence-type and net-type encasements around front and back and about positioned primarily one-sided same polarity magnets only and electromagnets only and combinations of said magnets and said electromagnets with and without said encasements single and multiple train cars including said train car type vehicle and vehicles all components with and without energy sources for the purpose of providing said train cars non-physical material and invisible contact repelling another said train car type vehicle and vehicle for said single and aligned row of multiple car and vehicle when force is applied to the first said car causing forward movement comprising:
making within and attaching and connecting and positioning said magnetic and electromagnet encasements to the front and back and about said train car type vehicles and vehicles of various sizes and types including a 5.6 inch long said train car including both car-only and said encasements with 0.3 inch long said encasements with said train car-only dimensions 5 inches long 1.1 inches high and 0.95 inches wide and said encasements on each end of said car 0.3 inches long 1.1 inches high and 0.95 inches wide and said train car-only made of varying solid and hollow and varying design said plastic and non-conductive materials and said permanently or temporarily attached and connected said one-sided same polarity magnet and electromagnet encasements made of said fence-type net-type and solid-type designs allowing close and distant said magnet and electromagnet impactful interactions between said cars and said car-only including with and without bottom-positioned wheels as needed to allow easy rolling and sliding with said energy sources as needed for said electromagnets and the entire said train-car and said encasements can be made with a single 5.6 inch long by 1.1 inches high by 0.95 inches said plastic component for both said train car-only and said train car-only with said encasements. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein said train car may include an engine type vehicle powered manually and mechanically and with batteries and fuel and electricity providing initial and sustained said engine car movement and movement of said single and multiple said train cars including invisible magnetic and electromagnetic pressure and separation between said individual train cars as said cars are stationary and move across a surface and on tracks and rails keeping said cars from physically touching. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein said train car may be elevated manually and physically to a desired height above said wheels and base attaching and connecting said train car to sturdy said base-supported beams positioned at the end and corners of said train car and said encasement and said train car may be elevated vertically magnetically and electromagnetically with said same-polarity magnets and electromagnets positioned beneath each of said train car encased magnets and electromagnets with all components connected to said energy sources as needed. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein said train cars move best on smooth surfaces and flat surfaces and said flat-type tracks and single and double rails are made of said plastic and non-conductive and conductive materials and said flat tracks with raised said track outside edges positioned inside said wheels and outside said wheels and downward and other indentions and opening within said tracks and said rails for maintaining a desired alignment and direction of said train cars' movement including horizontal vertical angular and multi-directional movement. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein said manual and mechanical said train car movement is caused by hand-held magnets and electromagnets moving towards and coming into close proximity to said encased magnets and electromagnets on said front and back end of said train cars causing said train car to be repelled and move away from said hand-held magnet and electromagnet on said flat surface and said rail and track and by a pendulum-type device with the front contact face of the end of said pendulum arm includes said same-polarity magnet and electromagnet that when allowed to swing towards said end of said train car is stopped immediately at and before contacting said end of said train car allowing the repulsion of said train car magnet and electromagnet away from said pendulum arm and said end causing said train car to be repelled and move across said flat surface and said rail and said track and away from said swinging pendulum arm end. | Specific classroom tools, toys, and vehicles including a connected plastic and non-conductive materials including encasements around front and back positioned same polarity magnets only and electromagnets train car including train cars with and without energy sources for the purpose of providing invisible contact repulsion between cars and vehicle movement when force is applied to the first car. The invention includes attaching magnetic and electromagnet encasements to the front and back of train cars. The encasements allow close and distant magnet and electromagnet impactful interactions between cars with and without bottom-positioned wheels. The invention is usable for classrooms, toys, and as vehicles and provides a permanently-attached-to-train car thick plastic fence-net-type encasements around magnets providing reduced contact potential and possible magnet-to-magnet contact and desired magnet type, size, power, and only one polarity one-side magnets to reduce magnet attraction and hence provides safety and protection for younger users.1. A method of making an included and connected permanently and temporarily positioned solid and with openings plastic and non-conductive materials including fence-type and net-type encasements around front and back and about positioned primarily one-sided same polarity magnets only and electromagnets only and combinations of said magnets and said electromagnets with and without said encasements single and multiple train cars including said train car type vehicle and vehicles all components with and without energy sources for the purpose of providing said train cars non-physical material and invisible contact repelling another said train car type vehicle and vehicle for said single and aligned row of multiple car and vehicle when force is applied to the first said car causing forward movement comprising:
making within and attaching and connecting and positioning said magnetic and electromagnet encasements to the front and back and about said train car type vehicles and vehicles of various sizes and types including a 5.6 inch long said train car including both car-only and said encasements with 0.3 inch long said encasements with said train car-only dimensions 5 inches long 1.1 inches high and 0.95 inches wide and said encasements on each end of said car 0.3 inches long 1.1 inches high and 0.95 inches wide and said train car-only made of varying solid and hollow and varying design said plastic and non-conductive materials and said permanently or temporarily attached and connected said one-sided same polarity magnet and electromagnet encasements made of said fence-type net-type and solid-type designs allowing close and distant said magnet and electromagnet impactful interactions between said cars and said car-only including with and without bottom-positioned wheels as needed to allow easy rolling and sliding with said energy sources as needed for said electromagnets and the entire said train-car and said encasements can be made with a single 5.6 inch long by 1.1 inches high by 0.95 inches said plastic component for both said train car-only and said train car-only with said encasements. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein said train car may include an engine type vehicle powered manually and mechanically and with batteries and fuel and electricity providing initial and sustained said engine car movement and movement of said single and multiple said train cars including invisible magnetic and electromagnetic pressure and separation between said individual train cars as said cars are stationary and move across a surface and on tracks and rails keeping said cars from physically touching. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein said train car may be elevated manually and physically to a desired height above said wheels and base attaching and connecting said train car to sturdy said base-supported beams positioned at the end and corners of said train car and said encasement and said train car may be elevated vertically magnetically and electromagnetically with said same-polarity magnets and electromagnets positioned beneath each of said train car encased magnets and electromagnets with all components connected to said energy sources as needed. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein said train cars move best on smooth surfaces and flat surfaces and said flat-type tracks and single and double rails are made of said plastic and non-conductive and conductive materials and said flat tracks with raised said track outside edges positioned inside said wheels and outside said wheels and downward and other indentions and opening within said tracks and said rails for maintaining a desired alignment and direction of said train cars' movement including horizontal vertical angular and multi-directional movement. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein said manual and mechanical said train car movement is caused by hand-held magnets and electromagnets moving towards and coming into close proximity to said encased magnets and electromagnets on said front and back end of said train cars causing said train car to be repelled and move away from said hand-held magnet and electromagnet on said flat surface and said rail and track and by a pendulum-type device with the front contact face of the end of said pendulum arm includes said same-polarity magnet and electromagnet that when allowed to swing towards said end of said train car is stopped immediately at and before contacting said end of said train car allowing the repulsion of said train car magnet and electromagnet away from said pendulum arm and said end causing said train car to be repelled and move across said flat surface and said rail and said track and away from said swinging pendulum arm end. | 3,700 |
342,167 | 16,802,530 | 3,694 | Various embodiments are directed to systems and methods for tracking and managing compliance for a plurality of insurance policies on a plurality of properties or other collateral. Insurance, loan, and compliance information may be received and stored in a database. The database may be updated periodically based on new loan, insurance, and compliance information. Users may manage and track the changing compliance status of each loan and policy. Alerts may input, stored, and/or auto-generated to flag compliance issues. Communications such as compliance letters may be automatically generated according to a predetermined schedule based on compliance status. Supporting documents associated with compliance requirements may be stored and displayed to users to facilitate compliance tracking and management. | 1. (canceled) 2. An apparatus comprising:
a memory; a network interface; a screen; at least one processor to:
receive, via the network interface, a plurality of compliance violation records;
generate a queue in the memory;
store the compliance violation records in the queue;
determine whether a given compliance record meets an alert criteria;
in response to determining that the given compliance record meets the alert criteria, render an alert popup on the screen;
display the given compliance record on the screen, in response to detecting a selection of the alert popup;
search the memory for a letter template that corresponds to the given compliance record; and
generate a letter based on the letter template. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to render a compliance queue tab on the screen. 4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to render the plurality of compliance violation records in the queue, in response to detecting a selection of the compliance queue tab. 5. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the alert criteria includes a threshold number of exception items related to the given compliance record. 6. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the alert criteria includes a threshold exception level. 7. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the alert criteria includes an exception type. 8. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to render an alert icon and render an alert form in response to detecting a selection of the alert icon that permits configuration of a new alert. 9. A method comprising:
receiving, by at least one processor, a plurality of compliance violation records via a network interface; generating, by the at least one processor, a queue in a memory; storing, by the at least one processor, the compliance violation records in the queue; determining, by the at least one processor, whether a given compliance record meets an alert criteria; in response to determining that the given compliance record meets the alert criteria, rendering, by the at least one processor, an alert popup on a screen; displaying, by the at least one processor, the given compliance record on the screen, in response to detecting a selection of the alert popup; searching, by the at least one processor, the memory for a letter template that corresponds to the given compliance record; and generating, by the at least one processor, a letter based on the letter template. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising rendering, by the at least one processor, a compliance queue tab on the screen. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising rendering, by the at least one processor, the plurality of compliance violation records in the queue, in response to detecting a selection of the compliance queue tab. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the alert criteria includes a threshold number of exception items related to the given compliance record. 13. The method of claim 9, wherein the alert criteria includes a threshold exception level. 14. The method of claim 9, wherein the alert criteria includes an exception type. 15. The method of claim 9, further comprising rendering, by the at least one processor, an alert icon and render an alert form in response to detecting a selection of the alert icon that permits configuration of a new alert. | Various embodiments are directed to systems and methods for tracking and managing compliance for a plurality of insurance policies on a plurality of properties or other collateral. Insurance, loan, and compliance information may be received and stored in a database. The database may be updated periodically based on new loan, insurance, and compliance information. Users may manage and track the changing compliance status of each loan and policy. Alerts may input, stored, and/or auto-generated to flag compliance issues. Communications such as compliance letters may be automatically generated according to a predetermined schedule based on compliance status. Supporting documents associated with compliance requirements may be stored and displayed to users to facilitate compliance tracking and management.1. (canceled) 2. An apparatus comprising:
a memory; a network interface; a screen; at least one processor to:
receive, via the network interface, a plurality of compliance violation records;
generate a queue in the memory;
store the compliance violation records in the queue;
determine whether a given compliance record meets an alert criteria;
in response to determining that the given compliance record meets the alert criteria, render an alert popup on the screen;
display the given compliance record on the screen, in response to detecting a selection of the alert popup;
search the memory for a letter template that corresponds to the given compliance record; and
generate a letter based on the letter template. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to render a compliance queue tab on the screen. 4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to render the plurality of compliance violation records in the queue, in response to detecting a selection of the compliance queue tab. 5. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the alert criteria includes a threshold number of exception items related to the given compliance record. 6. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the alert criteria includes a threshold exception level. 7. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the alert criteria includes an exception type. 8. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to render an alert icon and render an alert form in response to detecting a selection of the alert icon that permits configuration of a new alert. 9. A method comprising:
receiving, by at least one processor, a plurality of compliance violation records via a network interface; generating, by the at least one processor, a queue in a memory; storing, by the at least one processor, the compliance violation records in the queue; determining, by the at least one processor, whether a given compliance record meets an alert criteria; in response to determining that the given compliance record meets the alert criteria, rendering, by the at least one processor, an alert popup on a screen; displaying, by the at least one processor, the given compliance record on the screen, in response to detecting a selection of the alert popup; searching, by the at least one processor, the memory for a letter template that corresponds to the given compliance record; and generating, by the at least one processor, a letter based on the letter template. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising rendering, by the at least one processor, a compliance queue tab on the screen. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising rendering, by the at least one processor, the plurality of compliance violation records in the queue, in response to detecting a selection of the compliance queue tab. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the alert criteria includes a threshold number of exception items related to the given compliance record. 13. The method of claim 9, wherein the alert criteria includes a threshold exception level. 14. The method of claim 9, wherein the alert criteria includes an exception type. 15. The method of claim 9, further comprising rendering, by the at least one processor, an alert icon and render an alert form in response to detecting a selection of the alert icon that permits configuration of a new alert. | 3,600 |
342,168 | 16,802,511 | 3,694 | The present disclosure is directed to compositions and methods related to an alpha sKlotho variant or fragment, in which 1 to up to about 20 amino acids have been deleted from the C-terminus, optionally also having mutations at V563 and/or K795. The present disclosure also pertains to an alpha sKlotho polypeptide variant or fragment, having mutations at V563 and/or K795, wherein the polypeptide variant or fragment is full-length, or optionally 1 to up to about 20 amino acids have been deleted from the C-terminus. The present disclosure also pertains to fusion polypeptides comprising: (a) an alpha sKlotho, in which 1 to up to about 20 amino acids have been deleted from the C-terminus, optionally also having mutations at V563 and/or K795; (b) a linker; and (c) FGF23, optionally having a mutation at R179, C206 and/or C244, or (c) serum albumin. | 1-34. (canceled) 35. A method of treating or preventing a Klotho-related disease, comprising the step of administering to an individual in need thereof a therapeutically effective dose of a composition comprising an alpha sKlotho, in which about 20 amino acids have been deleted from the C-terminus, optionally also having mutations at V563 and/or K795. 36. (canceled) 37. The method of claim 35 or 36, wherein the Klotho-related disease is selected from the group consisting of: an age-related condition, a metabolic disorder, hyperphosphatemia, calcinosis, chronic renal disease, chronic renal failure, cancer, breast cancer, and muscle atrophy. 38. The method of claim 37, wherein the age-related condition is selected from the group consisting of sarcopenia, skin atrophy, muscle wasting, brain atrophy, atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, pulmonary emphysema, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, immunologic incompetence, high blood pressure, dementia, Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease, cataracts, age-related macular degeneration, prostate cancer, stroke, diminished life expectancy, memory loss, wrinkles, impaired kidney function, and age-related hearing loss. 39. The method of claim 38, wherein the metabolic disorder is selected from the group consisting of Type II Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome, hyperglycemia, and obesity. | The present disclosure is directed to compositions and methods related to an alpha sKlotho variant or fragment, in which 1 to up to about 20 amino acids have been deleted from the C-terminus, optionally also having mutations at V563 and/or K795. The present disclosure also pertains to an alpha sKlotho polypeptide variant or fragment, having mutations at V563 and/or K795, wherein the polypeptide variant or fragment is full-length, or optionally 1 to up to about 20 amino acids have been deleted from the C-terminus. The present disclosure also pertains to fusion polypeptides comprising: (a) an alpha sKlotho, in which 1 to up to about 20 amino acids have been deleted from the C-terminus, optionally also having mutations at V563 and/or K795; (b) a linker; and (c) FGF23, optionally having a mutation at R179, C206 and/or C244, or (c) serum albumin.1-34. (canceled) 35. A method of treating or preventing a Klotho-related disease, comprising the step of administering to an individual in need thereof a therapeutically effective dose of a composition comprising an alpha sKlotho, in which about 20 amino acids have been deleted from the C-terminus, optionally also having mutations at V563 and/or K795. 36. (canceled) 37. The method of claim 35 or 36, wherein the Klotho-related disease is selected from the group consisting of: an age-related condition, a metabolic disorder, hyperphosphatemia, calcinosis, chronic renal disease, chronic renal failure, cancer, breast cancer, and muscle atrophy. 38. The method of claim 37, wherein the age-related condition is selected from the group consisting of sarcopenia, skin atrophy, muscle wasting, brain atrophy, atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, pulmonary emphysema, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, immunologic incompetence, high blood pressure, dementia, Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease, cataracts, age-related macular degeneration, prostate cancer, stroke, diminished life expectancy, memory loss, wrinkles, impaired kidney function, and age-related hearing loss. 39. The method of claim 38, wherein the metabolic disorder is selected from the group consisting of Type II Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome, hyperglycemia, and obesity. | 3,600 |
342,169 | 29,725,551 | 3,694 | The present disclosure is directed to compositions and methods related to an alpha sKlotho variant or fragment, in which 1 to up to about 20 amino acids have been deleted from the C-terminus, optionally also having mutations at V563 and/or K795. The present disclosure also pertains to an alpha sKlotho polypeptide variant or fragment, having mutations at V563 and/or K795, wherein the polypeptide variant or fragment is full-length, or optionally 1 to up to about 20 amino acids have been deleted from the C-terminus. The present disclosure also pertains to fusion polypeptides comprising: (a) an alpha sKlotho, in which 1 to up to about 20 amino acids have been deleted from the C-terminus, optionally also having mutations at V563 and/or K795; (b) a linker; and (c) FGF23, optionally having a mutation at R179, C206 and/or C244, or (c) serum albumin. | 1-34. (canceled) 35. A method of treating or preventing a Klotho-related disease, comprising the step of administering to an individual in need thereof a therapeutically effective dose of a composition comprising an alpha sKlotho, in which about 20 amino acids have been deleted from the C-terminus, optionally also having mutations at V563 and/or K795. 36. (canceled) 37. The method of claim 35 or 36, wherein the Klotho-related disease is selected from the group consisting of: an age-related condition, a metabolic disorder, hyperphosphatemia, calcinosis, chronic renal disease, chronic renal failure, cancer, breast cancer, and muscle atrophy. 38. The method of claim 37, wherein the age-related condition is selected from the group consisting of sarcopenia, skin atrophy, muscle wasting, brain atrophy, atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, pulmonary emphysema, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, immunologic incompetence, high blood pressure, dementia, Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease, cataracts, age-related macular degeneration, prostate cancer, stroke, diminished life expectancy, memory loss, wrinkles, impaired kidney function, and age-related hearing loss. 39. The method of claim 38, wherein the metabolic disorder is selected from the group consisting of Type II Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome, hyperglycemia, and obesity. | The present disclosure is directed to compositions and methods related to an alpha sKlotho variant or fragment, in which 1 to up to about 20 amino acids have been deleted from the C-terminus, optionally also having mutations at V563 and/or K795. The present disclosure also pertains to an alpha sKlotho polypeptide variant or fragment, having mutations at V563 and/or K795, wherein the polypeptide variant or fragment is full-length, or optionally 1 to up to about 20 amino acids have been deleted from the C-terminus. The present disclosure also pertains to fusion polypeptides comprising: (a) an alpha sKlotho, in which 1 to up to about 20 amino acids have been deleted from the C-terminus, optionally also having mutations at V563 and/or K795; (b) a linker; and (c) FGF23, optionally having a mutation at R179, C206 and/or C244, or (c) serum albumin.1-34. (canceled) 35. A method of treating or preventing a Klotho-related disease, comprising the step of administering to an individual in need thereof a therapeutically effective dose of a composition comprising an alpha sKlotho, in which about 20 amino acids have been deleted from the C-terminus, optionally also having mutations at V563 and/or K795. 36. (canceled) 37. The method of claim 35 or 36, wherein the Klotho-related disease is selected from the group consisting of: an age-related condition, a metabolic disorder, hyperphosphatemia, calcinosis, chronic renal disease, chronic renal failure, cancer, breast cancer, and muscle atrophy. 38. The method of claim 37, wherein the age-related condition is selected from the group consisting of sarcopenia, skin atrophy, muscle wasting, brain atrophy, atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, pulmonary emphysema, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, immunologic incompetence, high blood pressure, dementia, Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease, cataracts, age-related macular degeneration, prostate cancer, stroke, diminished life expectancy, memory loss, wrinkles, impaired kidney function, and age-related hearing loss. 39. The method of claim 38, wherein the metabolic disorder is selected from the group consisting of Type II Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome, hyperglycemia, and obesity. | 3,600 |
342,170 | 29,725,545 | 3,694 | The present disclosure is directed to compositions and methods related to an alpha sKlotho variant or fragment, in which 1 to up to about 20 amino acids have been deleted from the C-terminus, optionally also having mutations at V563 and/or K795. The present disclosure also pertains to an alpha sKlotho polypeptide variant or fragment, having mutations at V563 and/or K795, wherein the polypeptide variant or fragment is full-length, or optionally 1 to up to about 20 amino acids have been deleted from the C-terminus. The present disclosure also pertains to fusion polypeptides comprising: (a) an alpha sKlotho, in which 1 to up to about 20 amino acids have been deleted from the C-terminus, optionally also having mutations at V563 and/or K795; (b) a linker; and (c) FGF23, optionally having a mutation at R179, C206 and/or C244, or (c) serum albumin. | 1-34. (canceled) 35. A method of treating or preventing a Klotho-related disease, comprising the step of administering to an individual in need thereof a therapeutically effective dose of a composition comprising an alpha sKlotho, in which about 20 amino acids have been deleted from the C-terminus, optionally also having mutations at V563 and/or K795. 36. (canceled) 37. The method of claim 35 or 36, wherein the Klotho-related disease is selected from the group consisting of: an age-related condition, a metabolic disorder, hyperphosphatemia, calcinosis, chronic renal disease, chronic renal failure, cancer, breast cancer, and muscle atrophy. 38. The method of claim 37, wherein the age-related condition is selected from the group consisting of sarcopenia, skin atrophy, muscle wasting, brain atrophy, atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, pulmonary emphysema, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, immunologic incompetence, high blood pressure, dementia, Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease, cataracts, age-related macular degeneration, prostate cancer, stroke, diminished life expectancy, memory loss, wrinkles, impaired kidney function, and age-related hearing loss. 39. The method of claim 38, wherein the metabolic disorder is selected from the group consisting of Type II Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome, hyperglycemia, and obesity. | The present disclosure is directed to compositions and methods related to an alpha sKlotho variant or fragment, in which 1 to up to about 20 amino acids have been deleted from the C-terminus, optionally also having mutations at V563 and/or K795. The present disclosure also pertains to an alpha sKlotho polypeptide variant or fragment, having mutations at V563 and/or K795, wherein the polypeptide variant or fragment is full-length, or optionally 1 to up to about 20 amino acids have been deleted from the C-terminus. The present disclosure also pertains to fusion polypeptides comprising: (a) an alpha sKlotho, in which 1 to up to about 20 amino acids have been deleted from the C-terminus, optionally also having mutations at V563 and/or K795; (b) a linker; and (c) FGF23, optionally having a mutation at R179, C206 and/or C244, or (c) serum albumin.1-34. (canceled) 35. A method of treating or preventing a Klotho-related disease, comprising the step of administering to an individual in need thereof a therapeutically effective dose of a composition comprising an alpha sKlotho, in which about 20 amino acids have been deleted from the C-terminus, optionally also having mutations at V563 and/or K795. 36. (canceled) 37. The method of claim 35 or 36, wherein the Klotho-related disease is selected from the group consisting of: an age-related condition, a metabolic disorder, hyperphosphatemia, calcinosis, chronic renal disease, chronic renal failure, cancer, breast cancer, and muscle atrophy. 38. The method of claim 37, wherein the age-related condition is selected from the group consisting of sarcopenia, skin atrophy, muscle wasting, brain atrophy, atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, pulmonary emphysema, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, immunologic incompetence, high blood pressure, dementia, Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease, cataracts, age-related macular degeneration, prostate cancer, stroke, diminished life expectancy, memory loss, wrinkles, impaired kidney function, and age-related hearing loss. 39. The method of claim 38, wherein the metabolic disorder is selected from the group consisting of Type II Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome, hyperglycemia, and obesity. | 3,600 |
342,171 | 29,725,548 | 3,694 | The present disclosure is directed to compositions and methods related to an alpha sKlotho variant or fragment, in which 1 to up to about 20 amino acids have been deleted from the C-terminus, optionally also having mutations at V563 and/or K795. The present disclosure also pertains to an alpha sKlotho polypeptide variant or fragment, having mutations at V563 and/or K795, wherein the polypeptide variant or fragment is full-length, or optionally 1 to up to about 20 amino acids have been deleted from the C-terminus. The present disclosure also pertains to fusion polypeptides comprising: (a) an alpha sKlotho, in which 1 to up to about 20 amino acids have been deleted from the C-terminus, optionally also having mutations at V563 and/or K795; (b) a linker; and (c) FGF23, optionally having a mutation at R179, C206 and/or C244, or (c) serum albumin. | 1-34. (canceled) 35. A method of treating or preventing a Klotho-related disease, comprising the step of administering to an individual in need thereof a therapeutically effective dose of a composition comprising an alpha sKlotho, in which about 20 amino acids have been deleted from the C-terminus, optionally also having mutations at V563 and/or K795. 36. (canceled) 37. The method of claim 35 or 36, wherein the Klotho-related disease is selected from the group consisting of: an age-related condition, a metabolic disorder, hyperphosphatemia, calcinosis, chronic renal disease, chronic renal failure, cancer, breast cancer, and muscle atrophy. 38. The method of claim 37, wherein the age-related condition is selected from the group consisting of sarcopenia, skin atrophy, muscle wasting, brain atrophy, atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, pulmonary emphysema, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, immunologic incompetence, high blood pressure, dementia, Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease, cataracts, age-related macular degeneration, prostate cancer, stroke, diminished life expectancy, memory loss, wrinkles, impaired kidney function, and age-related hearing loss. 39. The method of claim 38, wherein the metabolic disorder is selected from the group consisting of Type II Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome, hyperglycemia, and obesity. | The present disclosure is directed to compositions and methods related to an alpha sKlotho variant or fragment, in which 1 to up to about 20 amino acids have been deleted from the C-terminus, optionally also having mutations at V563 and/or K795. The present disclosure also pertains to an alpha sKlotho polypeptide variant or fragment, having mutations at V563 and/or K795, wherein the polypeptide variant or fragment is full-length, or optionally 1 to up to about 20 amino acids have been deleted from the C-terminus. The present disclosure also pertains to fusion polypeptides comprising: (a) an alpha sKlotho, in which 1 to up to about 20 amino acids have been deleted from the C-terminus, optionally also having mutations at V563 and/or K795; (b) a linker; and (c) FGF23, optionally having a mutation at R179, C206 and/or C244, or (c) serum albumin.1-34. (canceled) 35. A method of treating or preventing a Klotho-related disease, comprising the step of administering to an individual in need thereof a therapeutically effective dose of a composition comprising an alpha sKlotho, in which about 20 amino acids have been deleted from the C-terminus, optionally also having mutations at V563 and/or K795. 36. (canceled) 37. The method of claim 35 or 36, wherein the Klotho-related disease is selected from the group consisting of: an age-related condition, a metabolic disorder, hyperphosphatemia, calcinosis, chronic renal disease, chronic renal failure, cancer, breast cancer, and muscle atrophy. 38. The method of claim 37, wherein the age-related condition is selected from the group consisting of sarcopenia, skin atrophy, muscle wasting, brain atrophy, atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, pulmonary emphysema, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, immunologic incompetence, high blood pressure, dementia, Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease, cataracts, age-related macular degeneration, prostate cancer, stroke, diminished life expectancy, memory loss, wrinkles, impaired kidney function, and age-related hearing loss. 39. The method of claim 38, wherein the metabolic disorder is selected from the group consisting of Type II Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome, hyperglycemia, and obesity. | 3,600 |
342,172 | 16,802,528 | 3,694 | In one aspect, the disclosure relates to composite fibers having a structure comprising a core component and sheath component, wherein each of the core component and the sheath layer independently comprise a polymer and a disclosed cooling composition. In various further aspects, the present disclosure pertains to single-covered yarn comprising a core yarn comprising a disclosed composite fiber comprising a core component and a sheath component. In still further aspects, the present disclosure pertains to a fabric, such as a denim fabric, comprising a disclosed single-covered yarn. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure. | 1. A single covered yarn comprising:
(a) a core fiber comprising a composite fiber; and (b) a first fiber comprising a cellulosic fiber; wherein the composite fiber comprises a core component and a sheath component; wherein the core component comprises a polyester polymer and a first cooling composition; wherein the sheath component comprises a polyamide polymer and a second cooling composition; wherein the first cooling composition is present in an amount of about 1 wt % to about 20 wt % based on the weight of the polyester polymer and the first cooling composition; wherein the first cooling composition comprises Ag, Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Si, Ti, or combinations thereof present in at least one ionic or covalent compound; wherein the second cooling composition is present in an amount of about 1 wt % to about 20 wt % based on the weight of the polyamide polymer and the second cooling composition; wherein the second cooling composition comprises Ag, Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Si, Ti, or combinations thereof present in an at least one ionic or covalent compound; and wherein the first fiber is wound around the core yarn to form a single covered yarn. 2. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the first cooling composition comprises one or more of:
(a) Ag in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (b) Al in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 1 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (c) Ca in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (d) Cu in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (e) Fe in an amount of about 0.05 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (f) K in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (g) Mg in an amount of about 0.01 wt % to about 1.0 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (h) Si in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; and (i) Ti in an amount of about 0.01 wt % to about 1.0 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; wherein the weight percent value is based on the weight of the core component. 3. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the second cooling composition comprises one or more of:
(a) Ag in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (b) Al in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 1 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (c) Ca in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (d) Cu in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (e) Fe in an amount of about 0.05 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (f) K in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (g) Mg in an amount of about 0.01 wt % to about 1.0 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (h) Si in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; and (j) Ti in an amount of about 0.01 wt % to about 1.0 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; wherein the weight percent value is based on the weight of the sheath component. 4. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the composite fiber comprises about 30 wt % to about 60 wt % of the polyester polymer and the first cooling composition and about 30 wt % to about 60 wt % of the polyamide polymer and the second cooling composition; and wherein the weight percent is based upon the weight of the composite fiber. 5. The single covered yarn of claim 4, wherein the single-covered yarn comprises about 55 wt % to about 70 wt % of the first fiber; about 10 wt % to about 25 wt % of the polyester polymer; and about 10 wt % to about 25 wt % of the polyamide polymer; wherein the wt % is based upon the weight of the single-covered yarn; and wherein the total wt % of the first fiber, polyester polymer, and polyamide polyamide is not greater than 100%. 6. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the cellulosic fiber is a regenerated cellulosic fiber. 7. The single covered yarn of claim 6, wherein the regenerated cellulosic fiber is a viscose rayon, a high wet modulus rayon, a cuprammonium rayon, a saponified rayon, a modal rayon, a lyocell rayon, or combinations thereof. 8. The single covered yarn of claim 7, wherein the regenerated cellulosic fiber is a viscose rayon. 9. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the composite fiber has a weight of about has a weight of about 130 d/50f to about 180 d/80f. 10. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the first fiber has a weight of about 100 D to about 350 D. 11. A fabric comprising:
a weft yarn comprising a single covered yarn of claim 1; and a warp yarn comprising cotton fibers. 12. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric comprises about 50 wt % to about 85 wt % cotton fibers; about 0.5 wt % to about 10 wt % of a polyester polymer; about 0.5 wt % to about 10 wt % of a polyamide polymer; wherein the wt % is based upon the weight of the fabric; and wherein the total wt % of the cotton fibers, polyester polymer, and polyamide polyamide is not greater than 100%. 13. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a weight of about 4 oz/yd2 to about 10 oz/yd2. 14. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a Qmax value of about 0.16 W/cm2 to about 0.50 W/cm2 when determined in accordance with FTTS-FA-019 as specified by Committee of Conformity Assessment of Accreditation and Certification on Functional and Technical Textiles (Taiwan). 15. The fabric of claim 14, wherein the fabric has a Qmax value of about 0.17 W/cm2 to about 0.30 W/cm2. 16. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a Qmax value that is about 20% greater than the Qmax value for a reference denim fabric; wherein the Qmax value is determined in accordance with FTTS-FA-019 as specified by Committee of Conformity Assessment of Accreditation and Certification on Functional and Technical Textiles (Taiwan); and wherein the reference denim fabric consists essentially of cotton yarn, having a fabric weight that is ±10% of the fabric, and the same weave pattern as the fabric. 17. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a wicking time of less than or equal to about 120 secs when determined in the width direction in accordance with AATCC Test Method 197. 18. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a drying rate of less than or equal to about 1.5 ml/hr when determined in accordance with AATCC Test Method 201. 19. An article of clothing comprising the fabric of claim 11. 20. The article of claim 19, wherein the article is a pair of pants, a shirt, a jacket, a dress, or a skirt. | In one aspect, the disclosure relates to composite fibers having a structure comprising a core component and sheath component, wherein each of the core component and the sheath layer independently comprise a polymer and a disclosed cooling composition. In various further aspects, the present disclosure pertains to single-covered yarn comprising a core yarn comprising a disclosed composite fiber comprising a core component and a sheath component. In still further aspects, the present disclosure pertains to a fabric, such as a denim fabric, comprising a disclosed single-covered yarn. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure.1. A single covered yarn comprising:
(a) a core fiber comprising a composite fiber; and (b) a first fiber comprising a cellulosic fiber; wherein the composite fiber comprises a core component and a sheath component; wherein the core component comprises a polyester polymer and a first cooling composition; wherein the sheath component comprises a polyamide polymer and a second cooling composition; wherein the first cooling composition is present in an amount of about 1 wt % to about 20 wt % based on the weight of the polyester polymer and the first cooling composition; wherein the first cooling composition comprises Ag, Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Si, Ti, or combinations thereof present in at least one ionic or covalent compound; wherein the second cooling composition is present in an amount of about 1 wt % to about 20 wt % based on the weight of the polyamide polymer and the second cooling composition; wherein the second cooling composition comprises Ag, Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Si, Ti, or combinations thereof present in an at least one ionic or covalent compound; and wherein the first fiber is wound around the core yarn to form a single covered yarn. 2. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the first cooling composition comprises one or more of:
(a) Ag in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (b) Al in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 1 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (c) Ca in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (d) Cu in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (e) Fe in an amount of about 0.05 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (f) K in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (g) Mg in an amount of about 0.01 wt % to about 1.0 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (h) Si in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; and (i) Ti in an amount of about 0.01 wt % to about 1.0 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; wherein the weight percent value is based on the weight of the core component. 3. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the second cooling composition comprises one or more of:
(a) Ag in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (b) Al in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 1 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (c) Ca in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (d) Cu in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (e) Fe in an amount of about 0.05 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (f) K in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (g) Mg in an amount of about 0.01 wt % to about 1.0 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (h) Si in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; and (j) Ti in an amount of about 0.01 wt % to about 1.0 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; wherein the weight percent value is based on the weight of the sheath component. 4. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the composite fiber comprises about 30 wt % to about 60 wt % of the polyester polymer and the first cooling composition and about 30 wt % to about 60 wt % of the polyamide polymer and the second cooling composition; and wherein the weight percent is based upon the weight of the composite fiber. 5. The single covered yarn of claim 4, wherein the single-covered yarn comprises about 55 wt % to about 70 wt % of the first fiber; about 10 wt % to about 25 wt % of the polyester polymer; and about 10 wt % to about 25 wt % of the polyamide polymer; wherein the wt % is based upon the weight of the single-covered yarn; and wherein the total wt % of the first fiber, polyester polymer, and polyamide polyamide is not greater than 100%. 6. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the cellulosic fiber is a regenerated cellulosic fiber. 7. The single covered yarn of claim 6, wherein the regenerated cellulosic fiber is a viscose rayon, a high wet modulus rayon, a cuprammonium rayon, a saponified rayon, a modal rayon, a lyocell rayon, or combinations thereof. 8. The single covered yarn of claim 7, wherein the regenerated cellulosic fiber is a viscose rayon. 9. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the composite fiber has a weight of about has a weight of about 130 d/50f to about 180 d/80f. 10. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the first fiber has a weight of about 100 D to about 350 D. 11. A fabric comprising:
a weft yarn comprising a single covered yarn of claim 1; and a warp yarn comprising cotton fibers. 12. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric comprises about 50 wt % to about 85 wt % cotton fibers; about 0.5 wt % to about 10 wt % of a polyester polymer; about 0.5 wt % to about 10 wt % of a polyamide polymer; wherein the wt % is based upon the weight of the fabric; and wherein the total wt % of the cotton fibers, polyester polymer, and polyamide polyamide is not greater than 100%. 13. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a weight of about 4 oz/yd2 to about 10 oz/yd2. 14. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a Qmax value of about 0.16 W/cm2 to about 0.50 W/cm2 when determined in accordance with FTTS-FA-019 as specified by Committee of Conformity Assessment of Accreditation and Certification on Functional and Technical Textiles (Taiwan). 15. The fabric of claim 14, wherein the fabric has a Qmax value of about 0.17 W/cm2 to about 0.30 W/cm2. 16. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a Qmax value that is about 20% greater than the Qmax value for a reference denim fabric; wherein the Qmax value is determined in accordance with FTTS-FA-019 as specified by Committee of Conformity Assessment of Accreditation and Certification on Functional and Technical Textiles (Taiwan); and wherein the reference denim fabric consists essentially of cotton yarn, having a fabric weight that is ±10% of the fabric, and the same weave pattern as the fabric. 17. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a wicking time of less than or equal to about 120 secs when determined in the width direction in accordance with AATCC Test Method 197. 18. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a drying rate of less than or equal to about 1.5 ml/hr when determined in accordance with AATCC Test Method 201. 19. An article of clothing comprising the fabric of claim 11. 20. The article of claim 19, wherein the article is a pair of pants, a shirt, a jacket, a dress, or a skirt. | 3,600 |
342,173 | 29,725,552 | 2,925 | In one aspect, the disclosure relates to composite fibers having a structure comprising a core component and sheath component, wherein each of the core component and the sheath layer independently comprise a polymer and a disclosed cooling composition. In various further aspects, the present disclosure pertains to single-covered yarn comprising a core yarn comprising a disclosed composite fiber comprising a core component and a sheath component. In still further aspects, the present disclosure pertains to a fabric, such as a denim fabric, comprising a disclosed single-covered yarn. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure. | 1. A single covered yarn comprising:
(a) a core fiber comprising a composite fiber; and (b) a first fiber comprising a cellulosic fiber; wherein the composite fiber comprises a core component and a sheath component; wherein the core component comprises a polyester polymer and a first cooling composition; wherein the sheath component comprises a polyamide polymer and a second cooling composition; wherein the first cooling composition is present in an amount of about 1 wt % to about 20 wt % based on the weight of the polyester polymer and the first cooling composition; wherein the first cooling composition comprises Ag, Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Si, Ti, or combinations thereof present in at least one ionic or covalent compound; wherein the second cooling composition is present in an amount of about 1 wt % to about 20 wt % based on the weight of the polyamide polymer and the second cooling composition; wherein the second cooling composition comprises Ag, Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Si, Ti, or combinations thereof present in an at least one ionic or covalent compound; and wherein the first fiber is wound around the core yarn to form a single covered yarn. 2. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the first cooling composition comprises one or more of:
(a) Ag in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (b) Al in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 1 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (c) Ca in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (d) Cu in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (e) Fe in an amount of about 0.05 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (f) K in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (g) Mg in an amount of about 0.01 wt % to about 1.0 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (h) Si in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; and (i) Ti in an amount of about 0.01 wt % to about 1.0 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; wherein the weight percent value is based on the weight of the core component. 3. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the second cooling composition comprises one or more of:
(a) Ag in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (b) Al in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 1 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (c) Ca in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (d) Cu in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (e) Fe in an amount of about 0.05 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (f) K in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (g) Mg in an amount of about 0.01 wt % to about 1.0 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (h) Si in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; and (j) Ti in an amount of about 0.01 wt % to about 1.0 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; wherein the weight percent value is based on the weight of the sheath component. 4. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the composite fiber comprises about 30 wt % to about 60 wt % of the polyester polymer and the first cooling composition and about 30 wt % to about 60 wt % of the polyamide polymer and the second cooling composition; and wherein the weight percent is based upon the weight of the composite fiber. 5. The single covered yarn of claim 4, wherein the single-covered yarn comprises about 55 wt % to about 70 wt % of the first fiber; about 10 wt % to about 25 wt % of the polyester polymer; and about 10 wt % to about 25 wt % of the polyamide polymer; wherein the wt % is based upon the weight of the single-covered yarn; and wherein the total wt % of the first fiber, polyester polymer, and polyamide polyamide is not greater than 100%. 6. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the cellulosic fiber is a regenerated cellulosic fiber. 7. The single covered yarn of claim 6, wherein the regenerated cellulosic fiber is a viscose rayon, a high wet modulus rayon, a cuprammonium rayon, a saponified rayon, a modal rayon, a lyocell rayon, or combinations thereof. 8. The single covered yarn of claim 7, wherein the regenerated cellulosic fiber is a viscose rayon. 9. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the composite fiber has a weight of about has a weight of about 130 d/50f to about 180 d/80f. 10. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the first fiber has a weight of about 100 D to about 350 D. 11. A fabric comprising:
a weft yarn comprising a single covered yarn of claim 1; and a warp yarn comprising cotton fibers. 12. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric comprises about 50 wt % to about 85 wt % cotton fibers; about 0.5 wt % to about 10 wt % of a polyester polymer; about 0.5 wt % to about 10 wt % of a polyamide polymer; wherein the wt % is based upon the weight of the fabric; and wherein the total wt % of the cotton fibers, polyester polymer, and polyamide polyamide is not greater than 100%. 13. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a weight of about 4 oz/yd2 to about 10 oz/yd2. 14. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a Qmax value of about 0.16 W/cm2 to about 0.50 W/cm2 when determined in accordance with FTTS-FA-019 as specified by Committee of Conformity Assessment of Accreditation and Certification on Functional and Technical Textiles (Taiwan). 15. The fabric of claim 14, wherein the fabric has a Qmax value of about 0.17 W/cm2 to about 0.30 W/cm2. 16. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a Qmax value that is about 20% greater than the Qmax value for a reference denim fabric; wherein the Qmax value is determined in accordance with FTTS-FA-019 as specified by Committee of Conformity Assessment of Accreditation and Certification on Functional and Technical Textiles (Taiwan); and wherein the reference denim fabric consists essentially of cotton yarn, having a fabric weight that is ±10% of the fabric, and the same weave pattern as the fabric. 17. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a wicking time of less than or equal to about 120 secs when determined in the width direction in accordance with AATCC Test Method 197. 18. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a drying rate of less than or equal to about 1.5 ml/hr when determined in accordance with AATCC Test Method 201. 19. An article of clothing comprising the fabric of claim 11. 20. The article of claim 19, wherein the article is a pair of pants, a shirt, a jacket, a dress, or a skirt. | In one aspect, the disclosure relates to composite fibers having a structure comprising a core component and sheath component, wherein each of the core component and the sheath layer independently comprise a polymer and a disclosed cooling composition. In various further aspects, the present disclosure pertains to single-covered yarn comprising a core yarn comprising a disclosed composite fiber comprising a core component and a sheath component. In still further aspects, the present disclosure pertains to a fabric, such as a denim fabric, comprising a disclosed single-covered yarn. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure.1. A single covered yarn comprising:
(a) a core fiber comprising a composite fiber; and (b) a first fiber comprising a cellulosic fiber; wherein the composite fiber comprises a core component and a sheath component; wherein the core component comprises a polyester polymer and a first cooling composition; wherein the sheath component comprises a polyamide polymer and a second cooling composition; wherein the first cooling composition is present in an amount of about 1 wt % to about 20 wt % based on the weight of the polyester polymer and the first cooling composition; wherein the first cooling composition comprises Ag, Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Si, Ti, or combinations thereof present in at least one ionic or covalent compound; wherein the second cooling composition is present in an amount of about 1 wt % to about 20 wt % based on the weight of the polyamide polymer and the second cooling composition; wherein the second cooling composition comprises Ag, Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Si, Ti, or combinations thereof present in an at least one ionic or covalent compound; and wherein the first fiber is wound around the core yarn to form a single covered yarn. 2. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the first cooling composition comprises one or more of:
(a) Ag in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (b) Al in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 1 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (c) Ca in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (d) Cu in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (e) Fe in an amount of about 0.05 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (f) K in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (g) Mg in an amount of about 0.01 wt % to about 1.0 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (h) Si in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; and (i) Ti in an amount of about 0.01 wt % to about 1.0 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; wherein the weight percent value is based on the weight of the core component. 3. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the second cooling composition comprises one or more of:
(a) Ag in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (b) Al in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 1 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (c) Ca in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (d) Cu in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (e) Fe in an amount of about 0.05 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (f) K in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (g) Mg in an amount of about 0.01 wt % to about 1.0 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (h) Si in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; and (j) Ti in an amount of about 0.01 wt % to about 1.0 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; wherein the weight percent value is based on the weight of the sheath component. 4. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the composite fiber comprises about 30 wt % to about 60 wt % of the polyester polymer and the first cooling composition and about 30 wt % to about 60 wt % of the polyamide polymer and the second cooling composition; and wherein the weight percent is based upon the weight of the composite fiber. 5. The single covered yarn of claim 4, wherein the single-covered yarn comprises about 55 wt % to about 70 wt % of the first fiber; about 10 wt % to about 25 wt % of the polyester polymer; and about 10 wt % to about 25 wt % of the polyamide polymer; wherein the wt % is based upon the weight of the single-covered yarn; and wherein the total wt % of the first fiber, polyester polymer, and polyamide polyamide is not greater than 100%. 6. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the cellulosic fiber is a regenerated cellulosic fiber. 7. The single covered yarn of claim 6, wherein the regenerated cellulosic fiber is a viscose rayon, a high wet modulus rayon, a cuprammonium rayon, a saponified rayon, a modal rayon, a lyocell rayon, or combinations thereof. 8. The single covered yarn of claim 7, wherein the regenerated cellulosic fiber is a viscose rayon. 9. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the composite fiber has a weight of about has a weight of about 130 d/50f to about 180 d/80f. 10. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the first fiber has a weight of about 100 D to about 350 D. 11. A fabric comprising:
a weft yarn comprising a single covered yarn of claim 1; and a warp yarn comprising cotton fibers. 12. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric comprises about 50 wt % to about 85 wt % cotton fibers; about 0.5 wt % to about 10 wt % of a polyester polymer; about 0.5 wt % to about 10 wt % of a polyamide polymer; wherein the wt % is based upon the weight of the fabric; and wherein the total wt % of the cotton fibers, polyester polymer, and polyamide polyamide is not greater than 100%. 13. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a weight of about 4 oz/yd2 to about 10 oz/yd2. 14. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a Qmax value of about 0.16 W/cm2 to about 0.50 W/cm2 when determined in accordance with FTTS-FA-019 as specified by Committee of Conformity Assessment of Accreditation and Certification on Functional and Technical Textiles (Taiwan). 15. The fabric of claim 14, wherein the fabric has a Qmax value of about 0.17 W/cm2 to about 0.30 W/cm2. 16. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a Qmax value that is about 20% greater than the Qmax value for a reference denim fabric; wherein the Qmax value is determined in accordance with FTTS-FA-019 as specified by Committee of Conformity Assessment of Accreditation and Certification on Functional and Technical Textiles (Taiwan); and wherein the reference denim fabric consists essentially of cotton yarn, having a fabric weight that is ±10% of the fabric, and the same weave pattern as the fabric. 17. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a wicking time of less than or equal to about 120 secs when determined in the width direction in accordance with AATCC Test Method 197. 18. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a drying rate of less than or equal to about 1.5 ml/hr when determined in accordance with AATCC Test Method 201. 19. An article of clothing comprising the fabric of claim 11. 20. The article of claim 19, wherein the article is a pair of pants, a shirt, a jacket, a dress, or a skirt. | 2,900 |
342,174 | 16,802,549 | 2,876 | In one aspect, the disclosure relates to composite fibers having a structure comprising a core component and sheath component, wherein each of the core component and the sheath layer independently comprise a polymer and a disclosed cooling composition. In various further aspects, the present disclosure pertains to single-covered yarn comprising a core yarn comprising a disclosed composite fiber comprising a core component and a sheath component. In still further aspects, the present disclosure pertains to a fabric, such as a denim fabric, comprising a disclosed single-covered yarn. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure. | 1. A single covered yarn comprising:
(a) a core fiber comprising a composite fiber; and (b) a first fiber comprising a cellulosic fiber; wherein the composite fiber comprises a core component and a sheath component; wherein the core component comprises a polyester polymer and a first cooling composition; wherein the sheath component comprises a polyamide polymer and a second cooling composition; wherein the first cooling composition is present in an amount of about 1 wt % to about 20 wt % based on the weight of the polyester polymer and the first cooling composition; wherein the first cooling composition comprises Ag, Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Si, Ti, or combinations thereof present in at least one ionic or covalent compound; wherein the second cooling composition is present in an amount of about 1 wt % to about 20 wt % based on the weight of the polyamide polymer and the second cooling composition; wherein the second cooling composition comprises Ag, Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Si, Ti, or combinations thereof present in an at least one ionic or covalent compound; and wherein the first fiber is wound around the core yarn to form a single covered yarn. 2. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the first cooling composition comprises one or more of:
(a) Ag in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (b) Al in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 1 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (c) Ca in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (d) Cu in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (e) Fe in an amount of about 0.05 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (f) K in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (g) Mg in an amount of about 0.01 wt % to about 1.0 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (h) Si in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; and (i) Ti in an amount of about 0.01 wt % to about 1.0 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; wherein the weight percent value is based on the weight of the core component. 3. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the second cooling composition comprises one or more of:
(a) Ag in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (b) Al in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 1 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (c) Ca in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (d) Cu in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (e) Fe in an amount of about 0.05 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (f) K in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (g) Mg in an amount of about 0.01 wt % to about 1.0 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (h) Si in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; and (j) Ti in an amount of about 0.01 wt % to about 1.0 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; wherein the weight percent value is based on the weight of the sheath component. 4. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the composite fiber comprises about 30 wt % to about 60 wt % of the polyester polymer and the first cooling composition and about 30 wt % to about 60 wt % of the polyamide polymer and the second cooling composition; and wherein the weight percent is based upon the weight of the composite fiber. 5. The single covered yarn of claim 4, wherein the single-covered yarn comprises about 55 wt % to about 70 wt % of the first fiber; about 10 wt % to about 25 wt % of the polyester polymer; and about 10 wt % to about 25 wt % of the polyamide polymer; wherein the wt % is based upon the weight of the single-covered yarn; and wherein the total wt % of the first fiber, polyester polymer, and polyamide polyamide is not greater than 100%. 6. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the cellulosic fiber is a regenerated cellulosic fiber. 7. The single covered yarn of claim 6, wherein the regenerated cellulosic fiber is a viscose rayon, a high wet modulus rayon, a cuprammonium rayon, a saponified rayon, a modal rayon, a lyocell rayon, or combinations thereof. 8. The single covered yarn of claim 7, wherein the regenerated cellulosic fiber is a viscose rayon. 9. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the composite fiber has a weight of about has a weight of about 130 d/50f to about 180 d/80f. 10. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the first fiber has a weight of about 100 D to about 350 D. 11. A fabric comprising:
a weft yarn comprising a single covered yarn of claim 1; and a warp yarn comprising cotton fibers. 12. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric comprises about 50 wt % to about 85 wt % cotton fibers; about 0.5 wt % to about 10 wt % of a polyester polymer; about 0.5 wt % to about 10 wt % of a polyamide polymer; wherein the wt % is based upon the weight of the fabric; and wherein the total wt % of the cotton fibers, polyester polymer, and polyamide polyamide is not greater than 100%. 13. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a weight of about 4 oz/yd2 to about 10 oz/yd2. 14. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a Qmax value of about 0.16 W/cm2 to about 0.50 W/cm2 when determined in accordance with FTTS-FA-019 as specified by Committee of Conformity Assessment of Accreditation and Certification on Functional and Technical Textiles (Taiwan). 15. The fabric of claim 14, wherein the fabric has a Qmax value of about 0.17 W/cm2 to about 0.30 W/cm2. 16. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a Qmax value that is about 20% greater than the Qmax value for a reference denim fabric; wherein the Qmax value is determined in accordance with FTTS-FA-019 as specified by Committee of Conformity Assessment of Accreditation and Certification on Functional and Technical Textiles (Taiwan); and wherein the reference denim fabric consists essentially of cotton yarn, having a fabric weight that is ±10% of the fabric, and the same weave pattern as the fabric. 17. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a wicking time of less than or equal to about 120 secs when determined in the width direction in accordance with AATCC Test Method 197. 18. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a drying rate of less than or equal to about 1.5 ml/hr when determined in accordance with AATCC Test Method 201. 19. An article of clothing comprising the fabric of claim 11. 20. The article of claim 19, wherein the article is a pair of pants, a shirt, a jacket, a dress, or a skirt. | In one aspect, the disclosure relates to composite fibers having a structure comprising a core component and sheath component, wherein each of the core component and the sheath layer independently comprise a polymer and a disclosed cooling composition. In various further aspects, the present disclosure pertains to single-covered yarn comprising a core yarn comprising a disclosed composite fiber comprising a core component and a sheath component. In still further aspects, the present disclosure pertains to a fabric, such as a denim fabric, comprising a disclosed single-covered yarn. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure.1. A single covered yarn comprising:
(a) a core fiber comprising a composite fiber; and (b) a first fiber comprising a cellulosic fiber; wherein the composite fiber comprises a core component and a sheath component; wherein the core component comprises a polyester polymer and a first cooling composition; wherein the sheath component comprises a polyamide polymer and a second cooling composition; wherein the first cooling composition is present in an amount of about 1 wt % to about 20 wt % based on the weight of the polyester polymer and the first cooling composition; wherein the first cooling composition comprises Ag, Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Si, Ti, or combinations thereof present in at least one ionic or covalent compound; wherein the second cooling composition is present in an amount of about 1 wt % to about 20 wt % based on the weight of the polyamide polymer and the second cooling composition; wherein the second cooling composition comprises Ag, Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Si, Ti, or combinations thereof present in an at least one ionic or covalent compound; and wherein the first fiber is wound around the core yarn to form a single covered yarn. 2. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the first cooling composition comprises one or more of:
(a) Ag in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (b) Al in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 1 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (c) Ca in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (d) Cu in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (e) Fe in an amount of about 0.05 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (f) K in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (g) Mg in an amount of about 0.01 wt % to about 1.0 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (h) Si in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; and (i) Ti in an amount of about 0.01 wt % to about 1.0 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; wherein the weight percent value is based on the weight of the core component. 3. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the second cooling composition comprises one or more of:
(a) Ag in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (b) Al in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 1 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (c) Ca in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (d) Cu in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (e) Fe in an amount of about 0.05 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (f) K in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (g) Mg in an amount of about 0.01 wt % to about 1.0 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (h) Si in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; and (j) Ti in an amount of about 0.01 wt % to about 1.0 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; wherein the weight percent value is based on the weight of the sheath component. 4. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the composite fiber comprises about 30 wt % to about 60 wt % of the polyester polymer and the first cooling composition and about 30 wt % to about 60 wt % of the polyamide polymer and the second cooling composition; and wherein the weight percent is based upon the weight of the composite fiber. 5. The single covered yarn of claim 4, wherein the single-covered yarn comprises about 55 wt % to about 70 wt % of the first fiber; about 10 wt % to about 25 wt % of the polyester polymer; and about 10 wt % to about 25 wt % of the polyamide polymer; wherein the wt % is based upon the weight of the single-covered yarn; and wherein the total wt % of the first fiber, polyester polymer, and polyamide polyamide is not greater than 100%. 6. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the cellulosic fiber is a regenerated cellulosic fiber. 7. The single covered yarn of claim 6, wherein the regenerated cellulosic fiber is a viscose rayon, a high wet modulus rayon, a cuprammonium rayon, a saponified rayon, a modal rayon, a lyocell rayon, or combinations thereof. 8. The single covered yarn of claim 7, wherein the regenerated cellulosic fiber is a viscose rayon. 9. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the composite fiber has a weight of about has a weight of about 130 d/50f to about 180 d/80f. 10. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the first fiber has a weight of about 100 D to about 350 D. 11. A fabric comprising:
a weft yarn comprising a single covered yarn of claim 1; and a warp yarn comprising cotton fibers. 12. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric comprises about 50 wt % to about 85 wt % cotton fibers; about 0.5 wt % to about 10 wt % of a polyester polymer; about 0.5 wt % to about 10 wt % of a polyamide polymer; wherein the wt % is based upon the weight of the fabric; and wherein the total wt % of the cotton fibers, polyester polymer, and polyamide polyamide is not greater than 100%. 13. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a weight of about 4 oz/yd2 to about 10 oz/yd2. 14. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a Qmax value of about 0.16 W/cm2 to about 0.50 W/cm2 when determined in accordance with FTTS-FA-019 as specified by Committee of Conformity Assessment of Accreditation and Certification on Functional and Technical Textiles (Taiwan). 15. The fabric of claim 14, wherein the fabric has a Qmax value of about 0.17 W/cm2 to about 0.30 W/cm2. 16. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a Qmax value that is about 20% greater than the Qmax value for a reference denim fabric; wherein the Qmax value is determined in accordance with FTTS-FA-019 as specified by Committee of Conformity Assessment of Accreditation and Certification on Functional and Technical Textiles (Taiwan); and wherein the reference denim fabric consists essentially of cotton yarn, having a fabric weight that is ±10% of the fabric, and the same weave pattern as the fabric. 17. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a wicking time of less than or equal to about 120 secs when determined in the width direction in accordance with AATCC Test Method 197. 18. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a drying rate of less than or equal to about 1.5 ml/hr when determined in accordance with AATCC Test Method 201. 19. An article of clothing comprising the fabric of claim 11. 20. The article of claim 19, wherein the article is a pair of pants, a shirt, a jacket, a dress, or a skirt. | 2,800 |
342,175 | 29,725,555 | 2,921 | In one aspect, the disclosure relates to composite fibers having a structure comprising a core component and sheath component, wherein each of the core component and the sheath layer independently comprise a polymer and a disclosed cooling composition. In various further aspects, the present disclosure pertains to single-covered yarn comprising a core yarn comprising a disclosed composite fiber comprising a core component and a sheath component. In still further aspects, the present disclosure pertains to a fabric, such as a denim fabric, comprising a disclosed single-covered yarn. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure. | 1. A single covered yarn comprising:
(a) a core fiber comprising a composite fiber; and (b) a first fiber comprising a cellulosic fiber; wherein the composite fiber comprises a core component and a sheath component; wherein the core component comprises a polyester polymer and a first cooling composition; wherein the sheath component comprises a polyamide polymer and a second cooling composition; wherein the first cooling composition is present in an amount of about 1 wt % to about 20 wt % based on the weight of the polyester polymer and the first cooling composition; wherein the first cooling composition comprises Ag, Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Si, Ti, or combinations thereof present in at least one ionic or covalent compound; wherein the second cooling composition is present in an amount of about 1 wt % to about 20 wt % based on the weight of the polyamide polymer and the second cooling composition; wherein the second cooling composition comprises Ag, Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Si, Ti, or combinations thereof present in an at least one ionic or covalent compound; and wherein the first fiber is wound around the core yarn to form a single covered yarn. 2. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the first cooling composition comprises one or more of:
(a) Ag in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (b) Al in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 1 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (c) Ca in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (d) Cu in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (e) Fe in an amount of about 0.05 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (f) K in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (g) Mg in an amount of about 0.01 wt % to about 1.0 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (h) Si in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; and (i) Ti in an amount of about 0.01 wt % to about 1.0 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; wherein the weight percent value is based on the weight of the core component. 3. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the second cooling composition comprises one or more of:
(a) Ag in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (b) Al in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 1 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (c) Ca in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (d) Cu in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (e) Fe in an amount of about 0.05 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (f) K in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (g) Mg in an amount of about 0.01 wt % to about 1.0 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (h) Si in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; and (j) Ti in an amount of about 0.01 wt % to about 1.0 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; wherein the weight percent value is based on the weight of the sheath component. 4. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the composite fiber comprises about 30 wt % to about 60 wt % of the polyester polymer and the first cooling composition and about 30 wt % to about 60 wt % of the polyamide polymer and the second cooling composition; and wherein the weight percent is based upon the weight of the composite fiber. 5. The single covered yarn of claim 4, wherein the single-covered yarn comprises about 55 wt % to about 70 wt % of the first fiber; about 10 wt % to about 25 wt % of the polyester polymer; and about 10 wt % to about 25 wt % of the polyamide polymer; wherein the wt % is based upon the weight of the single-covered yarn; and wherein the total wt % of the first fiber, polyester polymer, and polyamide polyamide is not greater than 100%. 6. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the cellulosic fiber is a regenerated cellulosic fiber. 7. The single covered yarn of claim 6, wherein the regenerated cellulosic fiber is a viscose rayon, a high wet modulus rayon, a cuprammonium rayon, a saponified rayon, a modal rayon, a lyocell rayon, or combinations thereof. 8. The single covered yarn of claim 7, wherein the regenerated cellulosic fiber is a viscose rayon. 9. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the composite fiber has a weight of about has a weight of about 130 d/50f to about 180 d/80f. 10. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the first fiber has a weight of about 100 D to about 350 D. 11. A fabric comprising:
a weft yarn comprising a single covered yarn of claim 1; and a warp yarn comprising cotton fibers. 12. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric comprises about 50 wt % to about 85 wt % cotton fibers; about 0.5 wt % to about 10 wt % of a polyester polymer; about 0.5 wt % to about 10 wt % of a polyamide polymer; wherein the wt % is based upon the weight of the fabric; and wherein the total wt % of the cotton fibers, polyester polymer, and polyamide polyamide is not greater than 100%. 13. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a weight of about 4 oz/yd2 to about 10 oz/yd2. 14. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a Qmax value of about 0.16 W/cm2 to about 0.50 W/cm2 when determined in accordance with FTTS-FA-019 as specified by Committee of Conformity Assessment of Accreditation and Certification on Functional and Technical Textiles (Taiwan). 15. The fabric of claim 14, wherein the fabric has a Qmax value of about 0.17 W/cm2 to about 0.30 W/cm2. 16. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a Qmax value that is about 20% greater than the Qmax value for a reference denim fabric; wherein the Qmax value is determined in accordance with FTTS-FA-019 as specified by Committee of Conformity Assessment of Accreditation and Certification on Functional and Technical Textiles (Taiwan); and wherein the reference denim fabric consists essentially of cotton yarn, having a fabric weight that is ±10% of the fabric, and the same weave pattern as the fabric. 17. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a wicking time of less than or equal to about 120 secs when determined in the width direction in accordance with AATCC Test Method 197. 18. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a drying rate of less than or equal to about 1.5 ml/hr when determined in accordance with AATCC Test Method 201. 19. An article of clothing comprising the fabric of claim 11. 20. The article of claim 19, wherein the article is a pair of pants, a shirt, a jacket, a dress, or a skirt. | In one aspect, the disclosure relates to composite fibers having a structure comprising a core component and sheath component, wherein each of the core component and the sheath layer independently comprise a polymer and a disclosed cooling composition. In various further aspects, the present disclosure pertains to single-covered yarn comprising a core yarn comprising a disclosed composite fiber comprising a core component and a sheath component. In still further aspects, the present disclosure pertains to a fabric, such as a denim fabric, comprising a disclosed single-covered yarn. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure.1. A single covered yarn comprising:
(a) a core fiber comprising a composite fiber; and (b) a first fiber comprising a cellulosic fiber; wherein the composite fiber comprises a core component and a sheath component; wherein the core component comprises a polyester polymer and a first cooling composition; wherein the sheath component comprises a polyamide polymer and a second cooling composition; wherein the first cooling composition is present in an amount of about 1 wt % to about 20 wt % based on the weight of the polyester polymer and the first cooling composition; wherein the first cooling composition comprises Ag, Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Si, Ti, or combinations thereof present in at least one ionic or covalent compound; wherein the second cooling composition is present in an amount of about 1 wt % to about 20 wt % based on the weight of the polyamide polymer and the second cooling composition; wherein the second cooling composition comprises Ag, Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Si, Ti, or combinations thereof present in an at least one ionic or covalent compound; and wherein the first fiber is wound around the core yarn to form a single covered yarn. 2. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the first cooling composition comprises one or more of:
(a) Ag in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (b) Al in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 1 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (c) Ca in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (d) Cu in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (e) Fe in an amount of about 0.05 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (f) K in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (g) Mg in an amount of about 0.01 wt % to about 1.0 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (h) Si in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; and (i) Ti in an amount of about 0.01 wt % to about 1.0 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; wherein the weight percent value is based on the weight of the core component. 3. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the second cooling composition comprises one or more of:
(a) Ag in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (b) Al in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 1 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (c) Ca in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (d) Cu in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (e) Fe in an amount of about 0.05 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (f) K in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (g) Mg in an amount of about 0.01 wt % to about 1.0 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (h) Si in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; and (j) Ti in an amount of about 0.01 wt % to about 1.0 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; wherein the weight percent value is based on the weight of the sheath component. 4. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the composite fiber comprises about 30 wt % to about 60 wt % of the polyester polymer and the first cooling composition and about 30 wt % to about 60 wt % of the polyamide polymer and the second cooling composition; and wherein the weight percent is based upon the weight of the composite fiber. 5. The single covered yarn of claim 4, wherein the single-covered yarn comprises about 55 wt % to about 70 wt % of the first fiber; about 10 wt % to about 25 wt % of the polyester polymer; and about 10 wt % to about 25 wt % of the polyamide polymer; wherein the wt % is based upon the weight of the single-covered yarn; and wherein the total wt % of the first fiber, polyester polymer, and polyamide polyamide is not greater than 100%. 6. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the cellulosic fiber is a regenerated cellulosic fiber. 7. The single covered yarn of claim 6, wherein the regenerated cellulosic fiber is a viscose rayon, a high wet modulus rayon, a cuprammonium rayon, a saponified rayon, a modal rayon, a lyocell rayon, or combinations thereof. 8. The single covered yarn of claim 7, wherein the regenerated cellulosic fiber is a viscose rayon. 9. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the composite fiber has a weight of about has a weight of about 130 d/50f to about 180 d/80f. 10. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the first fiber has a weight of about 100 D to about 350 D. 11. A fabric comprising:
a weft yarn comprising a single covered yarn of claim 1; and a warp yarn comprising cotton fibers. 12. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric comprises about 50 wt % to about 85 wt % cotton fibers; about 0.5 wt % to about 10 wt % of a polyester polymer; about 0.5 wt % to about 10 wt % of a polyamide polymer; wherein the wt % is based upon the weight of the fabric; and wherein the total wt % of the cotton fibers, polyester polymer, and polyamide polyamide is not greater than 100%. 13. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a weight of about 4 oz/yd2 to about 10 oz/yd2. 14. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a Qmax value of about 0.16 W/cm2 to about 0.50 W/cm2 when determined in accordance with FTTS-FA-019 as specified by Committee of Conformity Assessment of Accreditation and Certification on Functional and Technical Textiles (Taiwan). 15. The fabric of claim 14, wherein the fabric has a Qmax value of about 0.17 W/cm2 to about 0.30 W/cm2. 16. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a Qmax value that is about 20% greater than the Qmax value for a reference denim fabric; wherein the Qmax value is determined in accordance with FTTS-FA-019 as specified by Committee of Conformity Assessment of Accreditation and Certification on Functional and Technical Textiles (Taiwan); and wherein the reference denim fabric consists essentially of cotton yarn, having a fabric weight that is ±10% of the fabric, and the same weave pattern as the fabric. 17. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a wicking time of less than or equal to about 120 secs when determined in the width direction in accordance with AATCC Test Method 197. 18. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a drying rate of less than or equal to about 1.5 ml/hr when determined in accordance with AATCC Test Method 201. 19. An article of clothing comprising the fabric of claim 11. 20. The article of claim 19, wherein the article is a pair of pants, a shirt, a jacket, a dress, or a skirt. | 2,900 |
342,176 | 29,725,549 | 2,921 | In one aspect, the disclosure relates to composite fibers having a structure comprising a core component and sheath component, wherein each of the core component and the sheath layer independently comprise a polymer and a disclosed cooling composition. In various further aspects, the present disclosure pertains to single-covered yarn comprising a core yarn comprising a disclosed composite fiber comprising a core component and a sheath component. In still further aspects, the present disclosure pertains to a fabric, such as a denim fabric, comprising a disclosed single-covered yarn. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure. | 1. A single covered yarn comprising:
(a) a core fiber comprising a composite fiber; and (b) a first fiber comprising a cellulosic fiber; wherein the composite fiber comprises a core component and a sheath component; wherein the core component comprises a polyester polymer and a first cooling composition; wherein the sheath component comprises a polyamide polymer and a second cooling composition; wherein the first cooling composition is present in an amount of about 1 wt % to about 20 wt % based on the weight of the polyester polymer and the first cooling composition; wherein the first cooling composition comprises Ag, Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Si, Ti, or combinations thereof present in at least one ionic or covalent compound; wherein the second cooling composition is present in an amount of about 1 wt % to about 20 wt % based on the weight of the polyamide polymer and the second cooling composition; wherein the second cooling composition comprises Ag, Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Si, Ti, or combinations thereof present in an at least one ionic or covalent compound; and wherein the first fiber is wound around the core yarn to form a single covered yarn. 2. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the first cooling composition comprises one or more of:
(a) Ag in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (b) Al in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 1 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (c) Ca in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (d) Cu in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (e) Fe in an amount of about 0.05 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (f) K in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (g) Mg in an amount of about 0.01 wt % to about 1.0 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (h) Si in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; and (i) Ti in an amount of about 0.01 wt % to about 1.0 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; wherein the weight percent value is based on the weight of the core component. 3. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the second cooling composition comprises one or more of:
(a) Ag in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (b) Al in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 1 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (c) Ca in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (d) Cu in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (e) Fe in an amount of about 0.05 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (f) K in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (g) Mg in an amount of about 0.01 wt % to about 1.0 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (h) Si in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; and (j) Ti in an amount of about 0.01 wt % to about 1.0 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; wherein the weight percent value is based on the weight of the sheath component. 4. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the composite fiber comprises about 30 wt % to about 60 wt % of the polyester polymer and the first cooling composition and about 30 wt % to about 60 wt % of the polyamide polymer and the second cooling composition; and wherein the weight percent is based upon the weight of the composite fiber. 5. The single covered yarn of claim 4, wherein the single-covered yarn comprises about 55 wt % to about 70 wt % of the first fiber; about 10 wt % to about 25 wt % of the polyester polymer; and about 10 wt % to about 25 wt % of the polyamide polymer; wherein the wt % is based upon the weight of the single-covered yarn; and wherein the total wt % of the first fiber, polyester polymer, and polyamide polyamide is not greater than 100%. 6. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the cellulosic fiber is a regenerated cellulosic fiber. 7. The single covered yarn of claim 6, wherein the regenerated cellulosic fiber is a viscose rayon, a high wet modulus rayon, a cuprammonium rayon, a saponified rayon, a modal rayon, a lyocell rayon, or combinations thereof. 8. The single covered yarn of claim 7, wherein the regenerated cellulosic fiber is a viscose rayon. 9. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the composite fiber has a weight of about has a weight of about 130 d/50f to about 180 d/80f. 10. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the first fiber has a weight of about 100 D to about 350 D. 11. A fabric comprising:
a weft yarn comprising a single covered yarn of claim 1; and a warp yarn comprising cotton fibers. 12. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric comprises about 50 wt % to about 85 wt % cotton fibers; about 0.5 wt % to about 10 wt % of a polyester polymer; about 0.5 wt % to about 10 wt % of a polyamide polymer; wherein the wt % is based upon the weight of the fabric; and wherein the total wt % of the cotton fibers, polyester polymer, and polyamide polyamide is not greater than 100%. 13. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a weight of about 4 oz/yd2 to about 10 oz/yd2. 14. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a Qmax value of about 0.16 W/cm2 to about 0.50 W/cm2 when determined in accordance with FTTS-FA-019 as specified by Committee of Conformity Assessment of Accreditation and Certification on Functional and Technical Textiles (Taiwan). 15. The fabric of claim 14, wherein the fabric has a Qmax value of about 0.17 W/cm2 to about 0.30 W/cm2. 16. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a Qmax value that is about 20% greater than the Qmax value for a reference denim fabric; wherein the Qmax value is determined in accordance with FTTS-FA-019 as specified by Committee of Conformity Assessment of Accreditation and Certification on Functional and Technical Textiles (Taiwan); and wherein the reference denim fabric consists essentially of cotton yarn, having a fabric weight that is ±10% of the fabric, and the same weave pattern as the fabric. 17. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a wicking time of less than or equal to about 120 secs when determined in the width direction in accordance with AATCC Test Method 197. 18. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a drying rate of less than or equal to about 1.5 ml/hr when determined in accordance with AATCC Test Method 201. 19. An article of clothing comprising the fabric of claim 11. 20. The article of claim 19, wherein the article is a pair of pants, a shirt, a jacket, a dress, or a skirt. | In one aspect, the disclosure relates to composite fibers having a structure comprising a core component and sheath component, wherein each of the core component and the sheath layer independently comprise a polymer and a disclosed cooling composition. In various further aspects, the present disclosure pertains to single-covered yarn comprising a core yarn comprising a disclosed composite fiber comprising a core component and a sheath component. In still further aspects, the present disclosure pertains to a fabric, such as a denim fabric, comprising a disclosed single-covered yarn. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure.1. A single covered yarn comprising:
(a) a core fiber comprising a composite fiber; and (b) a first fiber comprising a cellulosic fiber; wherein the composite fiber comprises a core component and a sheath component; wherein the core component comprises a polyester polymer and a first cooling composition; wherein the sheath component comprises a polyamide polymer and a second cooling composition; wherein the first cooling composition is present in an amount of about 1 wt % to about 20 wt % based on the weight of the polyester polymer and the first cooling composition; wherein the first cooling composition comprises Ag, Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Si, Ti, or combinations thereof present in at least one ionic or covalent compound; wherein the second cooling composition is present in an amount of about 1 wt % to about 20 wt % based on the weight of the polyamide polymer and the second cooling composition; wherein the second cooling composition comprises Ag, Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Si, Ti, or combinations thereof present in an at least one ionic or covalent compound; and wherein the first fiber is wound around the core yarn to form a single covered yarn. 2. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the first cooling composition comprises one or more of:
(a) Ag in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (b) Al in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 1 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (c) Ca in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (d) Cu in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (e) Fe in an amount of about 0.05 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (f) K in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (g) Mg in an amount of about 0.01 wt % to about 1.0 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (h) Si in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; and (i) Ti in an amount of about 0.01 wt % to about 1.0 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; wherein the weight percent value is based on the weight of the core component. 3. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the second cooling composition comprises one or more of:
(a) Ag in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (b) Al in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 1 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (c) Ca in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (d) Cu in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (e) Fe in an amount of about 0.05 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (f) K in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (g) Mg in an amount of about 0.01 wt % to about 1.0 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (h) Si in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; and (j) Ti in an amount of about 0.01 wt % to about 1.0 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; wherein the weight percent value is based on the weight of the sheath component. 4. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the composite fiber comprises about 30 wt % to about 60 wt % of the polyester polymer and the first cooling composition and about 30 wt % to about 60 wt % of the polyamide polymer and the second cooling composition; and wherein the weight percent is based upon the weight of the composite fiber. 5. The single covered yarn of claim 4, wherein the single-covered yarn comprises about 55 wt % to about 70 wt % of the first fiber; about 10 wt % to about 25 wt % of the polyester polymer; and about 10 wt % to about 25 wt % of the polyamide polymer; wherein the wt % is based upon the weight of the single-covered yarn; and wherein the total wt % of the first fiber, polyester polymer, and polyamide polyamide is not greater than 100%. 6. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the cellulosic fiber is a regenerated cellulosic fiber. 7. The single covered yarn of claim 6, wherein the regenerated cellulosic fiber is a viscose rayon, a high wet modulus rayon, a cuprammonium rayon, a saponified rayon, a modal rayon, a lyocell rayon, or combinations thereof. 8. The single covered yarn of claim 7, wherein the regenerated cellulosic fiber is a viscose rayon. 9. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the composite fiber has a weight of about has a weight of about 130 d/50f to about 180 d/80f. 10. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the first fiber has a weight of about 100 D to about 350 D. 11. A fabric comprising:
a weft yarn comprising a single covered yarn of claim 1; and a warp yarn comprising cotton fibers. 12. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric comprises about 50 wt % to about 85 wt % cotton fibers; about 0.5 wt % to about 10 wt % of a polyester polymer; about 0.5 wt % to about 10 wt % of a polyamide polymer; wherein the wt % is based upon the weight of the fabric; and wherein the total wt % of the cotton fibers, polyester polymer, and polyamide polyamide is not greater than 100%. 13. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a weight of about 4 oz/yd2 to about 10 oz/yd2. 14. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a Qmax value of about 0.16 W/cm2 to about 0.50 W/cm2 when determined in accordance with FTTS-FA-019 as specified by Committee of Conformity Assessment of Accreditation and Certification on Functional and Technical Textiles (Taiwan). 15. The fabric of claim 14, wherein the fabric has a Qmax value of about 0.17 W/cm2 to about 0.30 W/cm2. 16. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a Qmax value that is about 20% greater than the Qmax value for a reference denim fabric; wherein the Qmax value is determined in accordance with FTTS-FA-019 as specified by Committee of Conformity Assessment of Accreditation and Certification on Functional and Technical Textiles (Taiwan); and wherein the reference denim fabric consists essentially of cotton yarn, having a fabric weight that is ±10% of the fabric, and the same weave pattern as the fabric. 17. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a wicking time of less than or equal to about 120 secs when determined in the width direction in accordance with AATCC Test Method 197. 18. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a drying rate of less than or equal to about 1.5 ml/hr when determined in accordance with AATCC Test Method 201. 19. An article of clothing comprising the fabric of claim 11. 20. The article of claim 19, wherein the article is a pair of pants, a shirt, a jacket, a dress, or a skirt. | 2,900 |
342,177 | 29,725,539 | 2,911 | In one aspect, the disclosure relates to composite fibers having a structure comprising a core component and sheath component, wherein each of the core component and the sheath layer independently comprise a polymer and a disclosed cooling composition. In various further aspects, the present disclosure pertains to single-covered yarn comprising a core yarn comprising a disclosed composite fiber comprising a core component and a sheath component. In still further aspects, the present disclosure pertains to a fabric, such as a denim fabric, comprising a disclosed single-covered yarn. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure. | 1. A single covered yarn comprising:
(a) a core fiber comprising a composite fiber; and (b) a first fiber comprising a cellulosic fiber; wherein the composite fiber comprises a core component and a sheath component; wherein the core component comprises a polyester polymer and a first cooling composition; wherein the sheath component comprises a polyamide polymer and a second cooling composition; wherein the first cooling composition is present in an amount of about 1 wt % to about 20 wt % based on the weight of the polyester polymer and the first cooling composition; wherein the first cooling composition comprises Ag, Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Si, Ti, or combinations thereof present in at least one ionic or covalent compound; wherein the second cooling composition is present in an amount of about 1 wt % to about 20 wt % based on the weight of the polyamide polymer and the second cooling composition; wherein the second cooling composition comprises Ag, Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Si, Ti, or combinations thereof present in an at least one ionic or covalent compound; and wherein the first fiber is wound around the core yarn to form a single covered yarn. 2. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the first cooling composition comprises one or more of:
(a) Ag in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (b) Al in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 1 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (c) Ca in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (d) Cu in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (e) Fe in an amount of about 0.05 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (f) K in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (g) Mg in an amount of about 0.01 wt % to about 1.0 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (h) Si in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; and (i) Ti in an amount of about 0.01 wt % to about 1.0 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; wherein the weight percent value is based on the weight of the core component. 3. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the second cooling composition comprises one or more of:
(a) Ag in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (b) Al in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 1 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (c) Ca in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (d) Cu in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (e) Fe in an amount of about 0.05 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (f) K in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (g) Mg in an amount of about 0.01 wt % to about 1.0 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (h) Si in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; and (j) Ti in an amount of about 0.01 wt % to about 1.0 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; wherein the weight percent value is based on the weight of the sheath component. 4. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the composite fiber comprises about 30 wt % to about 60 wt % of the polyester polymer and the first cooling composition and about 30 wt % to about 60 wt % of the polyamide polymer and the second cooling composition; and wherein the weight percent is based upon the weight of the composite fiber. 5. The single covered yarn of claim 4, wherein the single-covered yarn comprises about 55 wt % to about 70 wt % of the first fiber; about 10 wt % to about 25 wt % of the polyester polymer; and about 10 wt % to about 25 wt % of the polyamide polymer; wherein the wt % is based upon the weight of the single-covered yarn; and wherein the total wt % of the first fiber, polyester polymer, and polyamide polyamide is not greater than 100%. 6. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the cellulosic fiber is a regenerated cellulosic fiber. 7. The single covered yarn of claim 6, wherein the regenerated cellulosic fiber is a viscose rayon, a high wet modulus rayon, a cuprammonium rayon, a saponified rayon, a modal rayon, a lyocell rayon, or combinations thereof. 8. The single covered yarn of claim 7, wherein the regenerated cellulosic fiber is a viscose rayon. 9. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the composite fiber has a weight of about has a weight of about 130 d/50f to about 180 d/80f. 10. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the first fiber has a weight of about 100 D to about 350 D. 11. A fabric comprising:
a weft yarn comprising a single covered yarn of claim 1; and a warp yarn comprising cotton fibers. 12. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric comprises about 50 wt % to about 85 wt % cotton fibers; about 0.5 wt % to about 10 wt % of a polyester polymer; about 0.5 wt % to about 10 wt % of a polyamide polymer; wherein the wt % is based upon the weight of the fabric; and wherein the total wt % of the cotton fibers, polyester polymer, and polyamide polyamide is not greater than 100%. 13. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a weight of about 4 oz/yd2 to about 10 oz/yd2. 14. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a Qmax value of about 0.16 W/cm2 to about 0.50 W/cm2 when determined in accordance with FTTS-FA-019 as specified by Committee of Conformity Assessment of Accreditation and Certification on Functional and Technical Textiles (Taiwan). 15. The fabric of claim 14, wherein the fabric has a Qmax value of about 0.17 W/cm2 to about 0.30 W/cm2. 16. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a Qmax value that is about 20% greater than the Qmax value for a reference denim fabric; wherein the Qmax value is determined in accordance with FTTS-FA-019 as specified by Committee of Conformity Assessment of Accreditation and Certification on Functional and Technical Textiles (Taiwan); and wherein the reference denim fabric consists essentially of cotton yarn, having a fabric weight that is ±10% of the fabric, and the same weave pattern as the fabric. 17. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a wicking time of less than or equal to about 120 secs when determined in the width direction in accordance with AATCC Test Method 197. 18. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a drying rate of less than or equal to about 1.5 ml/hr when determined in accordance with AATCC Test Method 201. 19. An article of clothing comprising the fabric of claim 11. 20. The article of claim 19, wherein the article is a pair of pants, a shirt, a jacket, a dress, or a skirt. | In one aspect, the disclosure relates to composite fibers having a structure comprising a core component and sheath component, wherein each of the core component and the sheath layer independently comprise a polymer and a disclosed cooling composition. In various further aspects, the present disclosure pertains to single-covered yarn comprising a core yarn comprising a disclosed composite fiber comprising a core component and a sheath component. In still further aspects, the present disclosure pertains to a fabric, such as a denim fabric, comprising a disclosed single-covered yarn. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure.1. A single covered yarn comprising:
(a) a core fiber comprising a composite fiber; and (b) a first fiber comprising a cellulosic fiber; wherein the composite fiber comprises a core component and a sheath component; wherein the core component comprises a polyester polymer and a first cooling composition; wherein the sheath component comprises a polyamide polymer and a second cooling composition; wherein the first cooling composition is present in an amount of about 1 wt % to about 20 wt % based on the weight of the polyester polymer and the first cooling composition; wherein the first cooling composition comprises Ag, Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Si, Ti, or combinations thereof present in at least one ionic or covalent compound; wherein the second cooling composition is present in an amount of about 1 wt % to about 20 wt % based on the weight of the polyamide polymer and the second cooling composition; wherein the second cooling composition comprises Ag, Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Si, Ti, or combinations thereof present in an at least one ionic or covalent compound; and wherein the first fiber is wound around the core yarn to form a single covered yarn. 2. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the first cooling composition comprises one or more of:
(a) Ag in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (b) Al in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 1 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (c) Ca in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (d) Cu in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (e) Fe in an amount of about 0.05 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (f) K in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (g) Mg in an amount of about 0.01 wt % to about 1.0 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (h) Si in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; and (i) Ti in an amount of about 0.01 wt % to about 1.0 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; wherein the weight percent value is based on the weight of the core component. 3. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the second cooling composition comprises one or more of:
(a) Ag in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (b) Al in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 1 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (c) Ca in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (d) Cu in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (e) Fe in an amount of about 0.05 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (f) K in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (g) Mg in an amount of about 0.01 wt % to about 1.0 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (h) Si in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; and (j) Ti in an amount of about 0.01 wt % to about 1.0 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; wherein the weight percent value is based on the weight of the sheath component. 4. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the composite fiber comprises about 30 wt % to about 60 wt % of the polyester polymer and the first cooling composition and about 30 wt % to about 60 wt % of the polyamide polymer and the second cooling composition; and wherein the weight percent is based upon the weight of the composite fiber. 5. The single covered yarn of claim 4, wherein the single-covered yarn comprises about 55 wt % to about 70 wt % of the first fiber; about 10 wt % to about 25 wt % of the polyester polymer; and about 10 wt % to about 25 wt % of the polyamide polymer; wherein the wt % is based upon the weight of the single-covered yarn; and wherein the total wt % of the first fiber, polyester polymer, and polyamide polyamide is not greater than 100%. 6. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the cellulosic fiber is a regenerated cellulosic fiber. 7. The single covered yarn of claim 6, wherein the regenerated cellulosic fiber is a viscose rayon, a high wet modulus rayon, a cuprammonium rayon, a saponified rayon, a modal rayon, a lyocell rayon, or combinations thereof. 8. The single covered yarn of claim 7, wherein the regenerated cellulosic fiber is a viscose rayon. 9. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the composite fiber has a weight of about has a weight of about 130 d/50f to about 180 d/80f. 10. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the first fiber has a weight of about 100 D to about 350 D. 11. A fabric comprising:
a weft yarn comprising a single covered yarn of claim 1; and a warp yarn comprising cotton fibers. 12. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric comprises about 50 wt % to about 85 wt % cotton fibers; about 0.5 wt % to about 10 wt % of a polyester polymer; about 0.5 wt % to about 10 wt % of a polyamide polymer; wherein the wt % is based upon the weight of the fabric; and wherein the total wt % of the cotton fibers, polyester polymer, and polyamide polyamide is not greater than 100%. 13. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a weight of about 4 oz/yd2 to about 10 oz/yd2. 14. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a Qmax value of about 0.16 W/cm2 to about 0.50 W/cm2 when determined in accordance with FTTS-FA-019 as specified by Committee of Conformity Assessment of Accreditation and Certification on Functional and Technical Textiles (Taiwan). 15. The fabric of claim 14, wherein the fabric has a Qmax value of about 0.17 W/cm2 to about 0.30 W/cm2. 16. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a Qmax value that is about 20% greater than the Qmax value for a reference denim fabric; wherein the Qmax value is determined in accordance with FTTS-FA-019 as specified by Committee of Conformity Assessment of Accreditation and Certification on Functional and Technical Textiles (Taiwan); and wherein the reference denim fabric consists essentially of cotton yarn, having a fabric weight that is ±10% of the fabric, and the same weave pattern as the fabric. 17. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a wicking time of less than or equal to about 120 secs when determined in the width direction in accordance with AATCC Test Method 197. 18. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a drying rate of less than or equal to about 1.5 ml/hr when determined in accordance with AATCC Test Method 201. 19. An article of clothing comprising the fabric of claim 11. 20. The article of claim 19, wherein the article is a pair of pants, a shirt, a jacket, a dress, or a skirt. | 2,900 |
342,178 | 29,725,537 | 2,911 | In one aspect, the disclosure relates to composite fibers having a structure comprising a core component and sheath component, wherein each of the core component and the sheath layer independently comprise a polymer and a disclosed cooling composition. In various further aspects, the present disclosure pertains to single-covered yarn comprising a core yarn comprising a disclosed composite fiber comprising a core component and a sheath component. In still further aspects, the present disclosure pertains to a fabric, such as a denim fabric, comprising a disclosed single-covered yarn. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure. | 1. A single covered yarn comprising:
(a) a core fiber comprising a composite fiber; and (b) a first fiber comprising a cellulosic fiber; wherein the composite fiber comprises a core component and a sheath component; wherein the core component comprises a polyester polymer and a first cooling composition; wherein the sheath component comprises a polyamide polymer and a second cooling composition; wherein the first cooling composition is present in an amount of about 1 wt % to about 20 wt % based on the weight of the polyester polymer and the first cooling composition; wherein the first cooling composition comprises Ag, Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Si, Ti, or combinations thereof present in at least one ionic or covalent compound; wherein the second cooling composition is present in an amount of about 1 wt % to about 20 wt % based on the weight of the polyamide polymer and the second cooling composition; wherein the second cooling composition comprises Ag, Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Si, Ti, or combinations thereof present in an at least one ionic or covalent compound; and wherein the first fiber is wound around the core yarn to form a single covered yarn. 2. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the first cooling composition comprises one or more of:
(a) Ag in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (b) Al in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 1 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (c) Ca in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (d) Cu in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (e) Fe in an amount of about 0.05 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (f) K in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (g) Mg in an amount of about 0.01 wt % to about 1.0 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (h) Si in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; and (i) Ti in an amount of about 0.01 wt % to about 1.0 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; wherein the weight percent value is based on the weight of the core component. 3. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the second cooling composition comprises one or more of:
(a) Ag in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (b) Al in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 1 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (c) Ca in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (d) Cu in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (e) Fe in an amount of about 0.05 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (f) K in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (g) Mg in an amount of about 0.01 wt % to about 1.0 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (h) Si in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; and (j) Ti in an amount of about 0.01 wt % to about 1.0 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; wherein the weight percent value is based on the weight of the sheath component. 4. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the composite fiber comprises about 30 wt % to about 60 wt % of the polyester polymer and the first cooling composition and about 30 wt % to about 60 wt % of the polyamide polymer and the second cooling composition; and wherein the weight percent is based upon the weight of the composite fiber. 5. The single covered yarn of claim 4, wherein the single-covered yarn comprises about 55 wt % to about 70 wt % of the first fiber; about 10 wt % to about 25 wt % of the polyester polymer; and about 10 wt % to about 25 wt % of the polyamide polymer; wherein the wt % is based upon the weight of the single-covered yarn; and wherein the total wt % of the first fiber, polyester polymer, and polyamide polyamide is not greater than 100%. 6. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the cellulosic fiber is a regenerated cellulosic fiber. 7. The single covered yarn of claim 6, wherein the regenerated cellulosic fiber is a viscose rayon, a high wet modulus rayon, a cuprammonium rayon, a saponified rayon, a modal rayon, a lyocell rayon, or combinations thereof. 8. The single covered yarn of claim 7, wherein the regenerated cellulosic fiber is a viscose rayon. 9. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the composite fiber has a weight of about has a weight of about 130 d/50f to about 180 d/80f. 10. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the first fiber has a weight of about 100 D to about 350 D. 11. A fabric comprising:
a weft yarn comprising a single covered yarn of claim 1; and a warp yarn comprising cotton fibers. 12. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric comprises about 50 wt % to about 85 wt % cotton fibers; about 0.5 wt % to about 10 wt % of a polyester polymer; about 0.5 wt % to about 10 wt % of a polyamide polymer; wherein the wt % is based upon the weight of the fabric; and wherein the total wt % of the cotton fibers, polyester polymer, and polyamide polyamide is not greater than 100%. 13. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a weight of about 4 oz/yd2 to about 10 oz/yd2. 14. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a Qmax value of about 0.16 W/cm2 to about 0.50 W/cm2 when determined in accordance with FTTS-FA-019 as specified by Committee of Conformity Assessment of Accreditation and Certification on Functional and Technical Textiles (Taiwan). 15. The fabric of claim 14, wherein the fabric has a Qmax value of about 0.17 W/cm2 to about 0.30 W/cm2. 16. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a Qmax value that is about 20% greater than the Qmax value for a reference denim fabric; wherein the Qmax value is determined in accordance with FTTS-FA-019 as specified by Committee of Conformity Assessment of Accreditation and Certification on Functional and Technical Textiles (Taiwan); and wherein the reference denim fabric consists essentially of cotton yarn, having a fabric weight that is ±10% of the fabric, and the same weave pattern as the fabric. 17. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a wicking time of less than or equal to about 120 secs when determined in the width direction in accordance with AATCC Test Method 197. 18. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a drying rate of less than or equal to about 1.5 ml/hr when determined in accordance with AATCC Test Method 201. 19. An article of clothing comprising the fabric of claim 11. 20. The article of claim 19, wherein the article is a pair of pants, a shirt, a jacket, a dress, or a skirt. | In one aspect, the disclosure relates to composite fibers having a structure comprising a core component and sheath component, wherein each of the core component and the sheath layer independently comprise a polymer and a disclosed cooling composition. In various further aspects, the present disclosure pertains to single-covered yarn comprising a core yarn comprising a disclosed composite fiber comprising a core component and a sheath component. In still further aspects, the present disclosure pertains to a fabric, such as a denim fabric, comprising a disclosed single-covered yarn. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure.1. A single covered yarn comprising:
(a) a core fiber comprising a composite fiber; and (b) a first fiber comprising a cellulosic fiber; wherein the composite fiber comprises a core component and a sheath component; wherein the core component comprises a polyester polymer and a first cooling composition; wherein the sheath component comprises a polyamide polymer and a second cooling composition; wherein the first cooling composition is present in an amount of about 1 wt % to about 20 wt % based on the weight of the polyester polymer and the first cooling composition; wherein the first cooling composition comprises Ag, Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Si, Ti, or combinations thereof present in at least one ionic or covalent compound; wherein the second cooling composition is present in an amount of about 1 wt % to about 20 wt % based on the weight of the polyamide polymer and the second cooling composition; wherein the second cooling composition comprises Ag, Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Si, Ti, or combinations thereof present in an at least one ionic or covalent compound; and wherein the first fiber is wound around the core yarn to form a single covered yarn. 2. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the first cooling composition comprises one or more of:
(a) Ag in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (b) Al in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 1 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (c) Ca in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (d) Cu in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (e) Fe in an amount of about 0.05 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (f) K in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (g) Mg in an amount of about 0.01 wt % to about 1.0 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (h) Si in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; and (i) Ti in an amount of about 0.01 wt % to about 1.0 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; wherein the weight percent value is based on the weight of the core component. 3. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the second cooling composition comprises one or more of:
(a) Ag in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (b) Al in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 1 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (c) Ca in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (d) Cu in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (e) Fe in an amount of about 0.05 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (f) K in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (g) Mg in an amount of about 0.01 wt % to about 1.0 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (h) Si in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; and (j) Ti in an amount of about 0.01 wt % to about 1.0 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; wherein the weight percent value is based on the weight of the sheath component. 4. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the composite fiber comprises about 30 wt % to about 60 wt % of the polyester polymer and the first cooling composition and about 30 wt % to about 60 wt % of the polyamide polymer and the second cooling composition; and wherein the weight percent is based upon the weight of the composite fiber. 5. The single covered yarn of claim 4, wherein the single-covered yarn comprises about 55 wt % to about 70 wt % of the first fiber; about 10 wt % to about 25 wt % of the polyester polymer; and about 10 wt % to about 25 wt % of the polyamide polymer; wherein the wt % is based upon the weight of the single-covered yarn; and wherein the total wt % of the first fiber, polyester polymer, and polyamide polyamide is not greater than 100%. 6. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the cellulosic fiber is a regenerated cellulosic fiber. 7. The single covered yarn of claim 6, wherein the regenerated cellulosic fiber is a viscose rayon, a high wet modulus rayon, a cuprammonium rayon, a saponified rayon, a modal rayon, a lyocell rayon, or combinations thereof. 8. The single covered yarn of claim 7, wherein the regenerated cellulosic fiber is a viscose rayon. 9. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the composite fiber has a weight of about has a weight of about 130 d/50f to about 180 d/80f. 10. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the first fiber has a weight of about 100 D to about 350 D. 11. A fabric comprising:
a weft yarn comprising a single covered yarn of claim 1; and a warp yarn comprising cotton fibers. 12. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric comprises about 50 wt % to about 85 wt % cotton fibers; about 0.5 wt % to about 10 wt % of a polyester polymer; about 0.5 wt % to about 10 wt % of a polyamide polymer; wherein the wt % is based upon the weight of the fabric; and wherein the total wt % of the cotton fibers, polyester polymer, and polyamide polyamide is not greater than 100%. 13. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a weight of about 4 oz/yd2 to about 10 oz/yd2. 14. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a Qmax value of about 0.16 W/cm2 to about 0.50 W/cm2 when determined in accordance with FTTS-FA-019 as specified by Committee of Conformity Assessment of Accreditation and Certification on Functional and Technical Textiles (Taiwan). 15. The fabric of claim 14, wherein the fabric has a Qmax value of about 0.17 W/cm2 to about 0.30 W/cm2. 16. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a Qmax value that is about 20% greater than the Qmax value for a reference denim fabric; wherein the Qmax value is determined in accordance with FTTS-FA-019 as specified by Committee of Conformity Assessment of Accreditation and Certification on Functional and Technical Textiles (Taiwan); and wherein the reference denim fabric consists essentially of cotton yarn, having a fabric weight that is ±10% of the fabric, and the same weave pattern as the fabric. 17. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a wicking time of less than or equal to about 120 secs when determined in the width direction in accordance with AATCC Test Method 197. 18. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a drying rate of less than or equal to about 1.5 ml/hr when determined in accordance with AATCC Test Method 201. 19. An article of clothing comprising the fabric of claim 11. 20. The article of claim 19, wherein the article is a pair of pants, a shirt, a jacket, a dress, or a skirt. | 2,900 |
342,179 | 29,725,546 | 2,912 | In one aspect, the disclosure relates to composite fibers having a structure comprising a core component and sheath component, wherein each of the core component and the sheath layer independently comprise a polymer and a disclosed cooling composition. In various further aspects, the present disclosure pertains to single-covered yarn comprising a core yarn comprising a disclosed composite fiber comprising a core component and a sheath component. In still further aspects, the present disclosure pertains to a fabric, such as a denim fabric, comprising a disclosed single-covered yarn. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure. | 1. A single covered yarn comprising:
(a) a core fiber comprising a composite fiber; and (b) a first fiber comprising a cellulosic fiber; wherein the composite fiber comprises a core component and a sheath component; wherein the core component comprises a polyester polymer and a first cooling composition; wherein the sheath component comprises a polyamide polymer and a second cooling composition; wherein the first cooling composition is present in an amount of about 1 wt % to about 20 wt % based on the weight of the polyester polymer and the first cooling composition; wherein the first cooling composition comprises Ag, Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Si, Ti, or combinations thereof present in at least one ionic or covalent compound; wherein the second cooling composition is present in an amount of about 1 wt % to about 20 wt % based on the weight of the polyamide polymer and the second cooling composition; wherein the second cooling composition comprises Ag, Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Si, Ti, or combinations thereof present in an at least one ionic or covalent compound; and wherein the first fiber is wound around the core yarn to form a single covered yarn. 2. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the first cooling composition comprises one or more of:
(a) Ag in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (b) Al in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 1 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (c) Ca in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (d) Cu in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (e) Fe in an amount of about 0.05 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (f) K in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (g) Mg in an amount of about 0.01 wt % to about 1.0 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (h) Si in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; and (i) Ti in an amount of about 0.01 wt % to about 1.0 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; wherein the weight percent value is based on the weight of the core component. 3. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the second cooling composition comprises one or more of:
(a) Ag in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (b) Al in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 1 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (c) Ca in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (d) Cu in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (e) Fe in an amount of about 0.05 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (f) K in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (g) Mg in an amount of about 0.01 wt % to about 1.0 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (h) Si in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; and (j) Ti in an amount of about 0.01 wt % to about 1.0 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; wherein the weight percent value is based on the weight of the sheath component. 4. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the composite fiber comprises about 30 wt % to about 60 wt % of the polyester polymer and the first cooling composition and about 30 wt % to about 60 wt % of the polyamide polymer and the second cooling composition; and wherein the weight percent is based upon the weight of the composite fiber. 5. The single covered yarn of claim 4, wherein the single-covered yarn comprises about 55 wt % to about 70 wt % of the first fiber; about 10 wt % to about 25 wt % of the polyester polymer; and about 10 wt % to about 25 wt % of the polyamide polymer; wherein the wt % is based upon the weight of the single-covered yarn; and wherein the total wt % of the first fiber, polyester polymer, and polyamide polyamide is not greater than 100%. 6. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the cellulosic fiber is a regenerated cellulosic fiber. 7. The single covered yarn of claim 6, wherein the regenerated cellulosic fiber is a viscose rayon, a high wet modulus rayon, a cuprammonium rayon, a saponified rayon, a modal rayon, a lyocell rayon, or combinations thereof. 8. The single covered yarn of claim 7, wherein the regenerated cellulosic fiber is a viscose rayon. 9. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the composite fiber has a weight of about has a weight of about 130 d/50f to about 180 d/80f. 10. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the first fiber has a weight of about 100 D to about 350 D. 11. A fabric comprising:
a weft yarn comprising a single covered yarn of claim 1; and a warp yarn comprising cotton fibers. 12. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric comprises about 50 wt % to about 85 wt % cotton fibers; about 0.5 wt % to about 10 wt % of a polyester polymer; about 0.5 wt % to about 10 wt % of a polyamide polymer; wherein the wt % is based upon the weight of the fabric; and wherein the total wt % of the cotton fibers, polyester polymer, and polyamide polyamide is not greater than 100%. 13. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a weight of about 4 oz/yd2 to about 10 oz/yd2. 14. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a Qmax value of about 0.16 W/cm2 to about 0.50 W/cm2 when determined in accordance with FTTS-FA-019 as specified by Committee of Conformity Assessment of Accreditation and Certification on Functional and Technical Textiles (Taiwan). 15. The fabric of claim 14, wherein the fabric has a Qmax value of about 0.17 W/cm2 to about 0.30 W/cm2. 16. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a Qmax value that is about 20% greater than the Qmax value for a reference denim fabric; wherein the Qmax value is determined in accordance with FTTS-FA-019 as specified by Committee of Conformity Assessment of Accreditation and Certification on Functional and Technical Textiles (Taiwan); and wherein the reference denim fabric consists essentially of cotton yarn, having a fabric weight that is ±10% of the fabric, and the same weave pattern as the fabric. 17. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a wicking time of less than or equal to about 120 secs when determined in the width direction in accordance with AATCC Test Method 197. 18. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a drying rate of less than or equal to about 1.5 ml/hr when determined in accordance with AATCC Test Method 201. 19. An article of clothing comprising the fabric of claim 11. 20. The article of claim 19, wherein the article is a pair of pants, a shirt, a jacket, a dress, or a skirt. | In one aspect, the disclosure relates to composite fibers having a structure comprising a core component and sheath component, wherein each of the core component and the sheath layer independently comprise a polymer and a disclosed cooling composition. In various further aspects, the present disclosure pertains to single-covered yarn comprising a core yarn comprising a disclosed composite fiber comprising a core component and a sheath component. In still further aspects, the present disclosure pertains to a fabric, such as a denim fabric, comprising a disclosed single-covered yarn. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure.1. A single covered yarn comprising:
(a) a core fiber comprising a composite fiber; and (b) a first fiber comprising a cellulosic fiber; wherein the composite fiber comprises a core component and a sheath component; wherein the core component comprises a polyester polymer and a first cooling composition; wherein the sheath component comprises a polyamide polymer and a second cooling composition; wherein the first cooling composition is present in an amount of about 1 wt % to about 20 wt % based on the weight of the polyester polymer and the first cooling composition; wherein the first cooling composition comprises Ag, Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Si, Ti, or combinations thereof present in at least one ionic or covalent compound; wherein the second cooling composition is present in an amount of about 1 wt % to about 20 wt % based on the weight of the polyamide polymer and the second cooling composition; wherein the second cooling composition comprises Ag, Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Si, Ti, or combinations thereof present in an at least one ionic or covalent compound; and wherein the first fiber is wound around the core yarn to form a single covered yarn. 2. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the first cooling composition comprises one or more of:
(a) Ag in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (b) Al in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 1 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (c) Ca in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (d) Cu in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (e) Fe in an amount of about 0.05 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (f) K in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (g) Mg in an amount of about 0.01 wt % to about 1.0 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (h) Si in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; and (i) Ti in an amount of about 0.01 wt % to about 1.0 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; wherein the weight percent value is based on the weight of the core component. 3. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the second cooling composition comprises one or more of:
(a) Ag in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (b) Al in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 1 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (c) Ca in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (d) Cu in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (e) Fe in an amount of about 0.05 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (f) K in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (g) Mg in an amount of about 0.01 wt % to about 1.0 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (h) Si in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; and (j) Ti in an amount of about 0.01 wt % to about 1.0 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; wherein the weight percent value is based on the weight of the sheath component. 4. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the composite fiber comprises about 30 wt % to about 60 wt % of the polyester polymer and the first cooling composition and about 30 wt % to about 60 wt % of the polyamide polymer and the second cooling composition; and wherein the weight percent is based upon the weight of the composite fiber. 5. The single covered yarn of claim 4, wherein the single-covered yarn comprises about 55 wt % to about 70 wt % of the first fiber; about 10 wt % to about 25 wt % of the polyester polymer; and about 10 wt % to about 25 wt % of the polyamide polymer; wherein the wt % is based upon the weight of the single-covered yarn; and wherein the total wt % of the first fiber, polyester polymer, and polyamide polyamide is not greater than 100%. 6. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the cellulosic fiber is a regenerated cellulosic fiber. 7. The single covered yarn of claim 6, wherein the regenerated cellulosic fiber is a viscose rayon, a high wet modulus rayon, a cuprammonium rayon, a saponified rayon, a modal rayon, a lyocell rayon, or combinations thereof. 8. The single covered yarn of claim 7, wherein the regenerated cellulosic fiber is a viscose rayon. 9. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the composite fiber has a weight of about has a weight of about 130 d/50f to about 180 d/80f. 10. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the first fiber has a weight of about 100 D to about 350 D. 11. A fabric comprising:
a weft yarn comprising a single covered yarn of claim 1; and a warp yarn comprising cotton fibers. 12. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric comprises about 50 wt % to about 85 wt % cotton fibers; about 0.5 wt % to about 10 wt % of a polyester polymer; about 0.5 wt % to about 10 wt % of a polyamide polymer; wherein the wt % is based upon the weight of the fabric; and wherein the total wt % of the cotton fibers, polyester polymer, and polyamide polyamide is not greater than 100%. 13. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a weight of about 4 oz/yd2 to about 10 oz/yd2. 14. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a Qmax value of about 0.16 W/cm2 to about 0.50 W/cm2 when determined in accordance with FTTS-FA-019 as specified by Committee of Conformity Assessment of Accreditation and Certification on Functional and Technical Textiles (Taiwan). 15. The fabric of claim 14, wherein the fabric has a Qmax value of about 0.17 W/cm2 to about 0.30 W/cm2. 16. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a Qmax value that is about 20% greater than the Qmax value for a reference denim fabric; wherein the Qmax value is determined in accordance with FTTS-FA-019 as specified by Committee of Conformity Assessment of Accreditation and Certification on Functional and Technical Textiles (Taiwan); and wherein the reference denim fabric consists essentially of cotton yarn, having a fabric weight that is ±10% of the fabric, and the same weave pattern as the fabric. 17. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a wicking time of less than or equal to about 120 secs when determined in the width direction in accordance with AATCC Test Method 197. 18. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a drying rate of less than or equal to about 1.5 ml/hr when determined in accordance with AATCC Test Method 201. 19. An article of clothing comprising the fabric of claim 11. 20. The article of claim 19, wherein the article is a pair of pants, a shirt, a jacket, a dress, or a skirt. | 2,900 |
342,180 | 29,725,536 | 2,912 | In one aspect, the disclosure relates to composite fibers having a structure comprising a core component and sheath component, wherein each of the core component and the sheath layer independently comprise a polymer and a disclosed cooling composition. In various further aspects, the present disclosure pertains to single-covered yarn comprising a core yarn comprising a disclosed composite fiber comprising a core component and a sheath component. In still further aspects, the present disclosure pertains to a fabric, such as a denim fabric, comprising a disclosed single-covered yarn. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure. | 1. A single covered yarn comprising:
(a) a core fiber comprising a composite fiber; and (b) a first fiber comprising a cellulosic fiber; wherein the composite fiber comprises a core component and a sheath component; wherein the core component comprises a polyester polymer and a first cooling composition; wherein the sheath component comprises a polyamide polymer and a second cooling composition; wherein the first cooling composition is present in an amount of about 1 wt % to about 20 wt % based on the weight of the polyester polymer and the first cooling composition; wherein the first cooling composition comprises Ag, Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Si, Ti, or combinations thereof present in at least one ionic or covalent compound; wherein the second cooling composition is present in an amount of about 1 wt % to about 20 wt % based on the weight of the polyamide polymer and the second cooling composition; wherein the second cooling composition comprises Ag, Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Si, Ti, or combinations thereof present in an at least one ionic or covalent compound; and wherein the first fiber is wound around the core yarn to form a single covered yarn. 2. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the first cooling composition comprises one or more of:
(a) Ag in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (b) Al in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 1 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (c) Ca in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (d) Cu in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (e) Fe in an amount of about 0.05 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (f) K in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (g) Mg in an amount of about 0.01 wt % to about 1.0 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (h) Si in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; and (i) Ti in an amount of about 0.01 wt % to about 1.0 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; wherein the weight percent value is based on the weight of the core component. 3. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the second cooling composition comprises one or more of:
(a) Ag in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (b) Al in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 1 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (c) Ca in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (d) Cu in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (e) Fe in an amount of about 0.05 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (f) K in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (g) Mg in an amount of about 0.01 wt % to about 1.0 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (h) Si in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; and (j) Ti in an amount of about 0.01 wt % to about 1.0 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; wherein the weight percent value is based on the weight of the sheath component. 4. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the composite fiber comprises about 30 wt % to about 60 wt % of the polyester polymer and the first cooling composition and about 30 wt % to about 60 wt % of the polyamide polymer and the second cooling composition; and wherein the weight percent is based upon the weight of the composite fiber. 5. The single covered yarn of claim 4, wherein the single-covered yarn comprises about 55 wt % to about 70 wt % of the first fiber; about 10 wt % to about 25 wt % of the polyester polymer; and about 10 wt % to about 25 wt % of the polyamide polymer; wherein the wt % is based upon the weight of the single-covered yarn; and wherein the total wt % of the first fiber, polyester polymer, and polyamide polyamide is not greater than 100%. 6. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the cellulosic fiber is a regenerated cellulosic fiber. 7. The single covered yarn of claim 6, wherein the regenerated cellulosic fiber is a viscose rayon, a high wet modulus rayon, a cuprammonium rayon, a saponified rayon, a modal rayon, a lyocell rayon, or combinations thereof. 8. The single covered yarn of claim 7, wherein the regenerated cellulosic fiber is a viscose rayon. 9. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the composite fiber has a weight of about has a weight of about 130 d/50f to about 180 d/80f. 10. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the first fiber has a weight of about 100 D to about 350 D. 11. A fabric comprising:
a weft yarn comprising a single covered yarn of claim 1; and a warp yarn comprising cotton fibers. 12. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric comprises about 50 wt % to about 85 wt % cotton fibers; about 0.5 wt % to about 10 wt % of a polyester polymer; about 0.5 wt % to about 10 wt % of a polyamide polymer; wherein the wt % is based upon the weight of the fabric; and wherein the total wt % of the cotton fibers, polyester polymer, and polyamide polyamide is not greater than 100%. 13. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a weight of about 4 oz/yd2 to about 10 oz/yd2. 14. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a Qmax value of about 0.16 W/cm2 to about 0.50 W/cm2 when determined in accordance with FTTS-FA-019 as specified by Committee of Conformity Assessment of Accreditation and Certification on Functional and Technical Textiles (Taiwan). 15. The fabric of claim 14, wherein the fabric has a Qmax value of about 0.17 W/cm2 to about 0.30 W/cm2. 16. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a Qmax value that is about 20% greater than the Qmax value for a reference denim fabric; wherein the Qmax value is determined in accordance with FTTS-FA-019 as specified by Committee of Conformity Assessment of Accreditation and Certification on Functional and Technical Textiles (Taiwan); and wherein the reference denim fabric consists essentially of cotton yarn, having a fabric weight that is ±10% of the fabric, and the same weave pattern as the fabric. 17. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a wicking time of less than or equal to about 120 secs when determined in the width direction in accordance with AATCC Test Method 197. 18. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a drying rate of less than or equal to about 1.5 ml/hr when determined in accordance with AATCC Test Method 201. 19. An article of clothing comprising the fabric of claim 11. 20. The article of claim 19, wherein the article is a pair of pants, a shirt, a jacket, a dress, or a skirt. | In one aspect, the disclosure relates to composite fibers having a structure comprising a core component and sheath component, wherein each of the core component and the sheath layer independently comprise a polymer and a disclosed cooling composition. In various further aspects, the present disclosure pertains to single-covered yarn comprising a core yarn comprising a disclosed composite fiber comprising a core component and a sheath component. In still further aspects, the present disclosure pertains to a fabric, such as a denim fabric, comprising a disclosed single-covered yarn. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure.1. A single covered yarn comprising:
(a) a core fiber comprising a composite fiber; and (b) a first fiber comprising a cellulosic fiber; wherein the composite fiber comprises a core component and a sheath component; wherein the core component comprises a polyester polymer and a first cooling composition; wherein the sheath component comprises a polyamide polymer and a second cooling composition; wherein the first cooling composition is present in an amount of about 1 wt % to about 20 wt % based on the weight of the polyester polymer and the first cooling composition; wherein the first cooling composition comprises Ag, Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Si, Ti, or combinations thereof present in at least one ionic or covalent compound; wherein the second cooling composition is present in an amount of about 1 wt % to about 20 wt % based on the weight of the polyamide polymer and the second cooling composition; wherein the second cooling composition comprises Ag, Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Si, Ti, or combinations thereof present in an at least one ionic or covalent compound; and wherein the first fiber is wound around the core yarn to form a single covered yarn. 2. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the first cooling composition comprises one or more of:
(a) Ag in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (b) Al in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 1 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (c) Ca in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (d) Cu in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (e) Fe in an amount of about 0.05 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (f) K in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (g) Mg in an amount of about 0.01 wt % to about 1.0 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (h) Si in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; and (i) Ti in an amount of about 0.01 wt % to about 1.0 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; wherein the weight percent value is based on the weight of the core component. 3. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the second cooling composition comprises one or more of:
(a) Ag in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (b) Al in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 1 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (c) Ca in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (d) Cu in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (e) Fe in an amount of about 0.05 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (f) K in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (g) Mg in an amount of about 0.01 wt % to about 1.0 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; (h) Si in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; and (j) Ti in an amount of about 0.01 wt % to about 1.0 wt % as determined in the composite fiber by elemental analysis; wherein the weight percent value is based on the weight of the sheath component. 4. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the composite fiber comprises about 30 wt % to about 60 wt % of the polyester polymer and the first cooling composition and about 30 wt % to about 60 wt % of the polyamide polymer and the second cooling composition; and wherein the weight percent is based upon the weight of the composite fiber. 5. The single covered yarn of claim 4, wherein the single-covered yarn comprises about 55 wt % to about 70 wt % of the first fiber; about 10 wt % to about 25 wt % of the polyester polymer; and about 10 wt % to about 25 wt % of the polyamide polymer; wherein the wt % is based upon the weight of the single-covered yarn; and wherein the total wt % of the first fiber, polyester polymer, and polyamide polyamide is not greater than 100%. 6. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the cellulosic fiber is a regenerated cellulosic fiber. 7. The single covered yarn of claim 6, wherein the regenerated cellulosic fiber is a viscose rayon, a high wet modulus rayon, a cuprammonium rayon, a saponified rayon, a modal rayon, a lyocell rayon, or combinations thereof. 8. The single covered yarn of claim 7, wherein the regenerated cellulosic fiber is a viscose rayon. 9. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the composite fiber has a weight of about has a weight of about 130 d/50f to about 180 d/80f. 10. The single covered yarn of claim 1, wherein the first fiber has a weight of about 100 D to about 350 D. 11. A fabric comprising:
a weft yarn comprising a single covered yarn of claim 1; and a warp yarn comprising cotton fibers. 12. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric comprises about 50 wt % to about 85 wt % cotton fibers; about 0.5 wt % to about 10 wt % of a polyester polymer; about 0.5 wt % to about 10 wt % of a polyamide polymer; wherein the wt % is based upon the weight of the fabric; and wherein the total wt % of the cotton fibers, polyester polymer, and polyamide polyamide is not greater than 100%. 13. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a weight of about 4 oz/yd2 to about 10 oz/yd2. 14. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a Qmax value of about 0.16 W/cm2 to about 0.50 W/cm2 when determined in accordance with FTTS-FA-019 as specified by Committee of Conformity Assessment of Accreditation and Certification on Functional and Technical Textiles (Taiwan). 15. The fabric of claim 14, wherein the fabric has a Qmax value of about 0.17 W/cm2 to about 0.30 W/cm2. 16. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a Qmax value that is about 20% greater than the Qmax value for a reference denim fabric; wherein the Qmax value is determined in accordance with FTTS-FA-019 as specified by Committee of Conformity Assessment of Accreditation and Certification on Functional and Technical Textiles (Taiwan); and wherein the reference denim fabric consists essentially of cotton yarn, having a fabric weight that is ±10% of the fabric, and the same weave pattern as the fabric. 17. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a wicking time of less than or equal to about 120 secs when determined in the width direction in accordance with AATCC Test Method 197. 18. The fabric of claim 11, wherein the fabric has a drying rate of less than or equal to about 1.5 ml/hr when determined in accordance with AATCC Test Method 201. 19. An article of clothing comprising the fabric of claim 11. 20. The article of claim 19, wherein the article is a pair of pants, a shirt, a jacket, a dress, or a skirt. | 2,900 |
342,181 | 16,802,535 | 2,912 | A user equipment (UE) is configured to be connected to multiple wireless networks, including e.g., a 5G New Radio (NR) network and an Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN). The UE may assign one of the networks with a higher priority for connection. The UE monitors wireless signal metrics to determine if the priority assignment of the networks should be inverted. The UE may monitor the expected data throughput, e.g., determined based on the availability of carrier aggregation, the carrier aggregation order, the multiple in multiple out (MIMO) order, the available bandwidth, E-UTRAN NR—Dual connectivity (ENDC) availability, or quality metrics of wireless signals from one or both wireless networks. The UE may further dynamically select a carrier subscription as the Default Data Subscription (DDS) based on the metrics as well as whether a wireless network associated with a carrier subscription supports ENDC. | 1. A method for wireless communication of a user equipment (UE) performed by the UE, wherein the UE supports a first wireless network comprising a Fifth Generation (5G) New Radio (NR) network and a second wireless network comprising an Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN), wherein by default the UE assigns a higher priority for connection to the first wireless network than the second wireless network, the method comprising:
receiving wireless signals from one or more base stations in the first wireless network; determining an expected data throughput for at least the first wireless network based on the received wireless signals; and assigning the higher priority for connection to the second wireless network than the first wireless network at least partially due to the determined expected data throughput for at least the first wireless network. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the expected data throughput for at least the first wireless network comprises determining whether a carrier aggregation mode is possible for at least the first wireless network based on the received wireless signals from the one or more base stations, wherein assigning the higher priority for connection to the second wireless network than the first wireless network is at least partially due to whether the carrier aggregation mode is possible. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein determining the expected data throughput for at least the first wireless network further comprises determining a number of carriers available to be aggregated in the second wireless network by searching availability of frequencies on supported carrier aggregation band combinations in the second wireless network. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein determining the expected data throughput for at least the first wireless network further comprises determining a number of multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) layers to communicate with a serving base station by determining rank using a reference signal from the serving base station. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the expected data throughput from the first wireless network and the second wireless network comprises determining a maximum bandwidth supported by the one or more base stations in the first wireless network based on base station capability and band of operation for the wireless signals from the one or more base stations, wherein assigning the higher priority for connection to the second wireless network than the first wireless network is at least partially due to the maximum bandwidth supported by the one or more base stations. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the UE supports E-UTRAN NR—Dual Connectivity (ENDC), wherein determining the expected data throughput for at least the first wireless network comprises determining whether ENDC is available at a current location of the UE, wherein assigning the higher priority for connection to the second wireless network than the first wireless network is at least partially due to availability of ENDC at the current location of the UE. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
attaching location information for a current location of the UE to signal information comprising one or more of the determined expected data throughput for at least the first wireless network and the assignment of the higher priority for connection to the second wireless network than the first wireless network, or a combination thereof; and uploading the signal information and attached location information to a server. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the UE has multiple carrier subscriptions, wherein the first wireless network is associated with a first carrier subscription and the second wireless network is associated with a second carrier subscription, and the UE supports Default Data Subscription (DDS), the method further comprising:
dynamically selecting the first carrier subscription or the second carrier subscription for DDS, wherein the second carrier subscription is selected for DDS at least partially due to determined expected data throughput for at least the first wireless network. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
monitoring one or more quality metrics of the received wireless signals from the first wireless network; and comparing values of the one or more quality metrics to associated predetermined thresholds; wherein assigning the higher priority for connection to the second wireless network than the first wireless network is further at least partially due to the values of the one or more quality metrics being less than the associated predetermined thresholds. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the UE receives the wireless signals from the first wireless network and monitors the one or more quality metrics of the received wireless signals while in idle mode. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the received wireless signals are Synchronization Signals (SS) and monitoring the one or more quality metrics of the received wireless signals comprises monitoring values of one or more of SS Reference Signal Received Power (SS-RSRP), SS Received Signal Strength Indicator (SS-RSSI), SS Reference Signal Received Quality (SS-RSRQ). 12. The method of claim 9, wherein monitoring the one or more quality metrics of the received wireless signals comprises caching the values of the one or more quality metrics of the received wireless signals until the UE is in connected mode and comparing the values of the one or more quality metrics to the associated predetermined thresholds is performed while the UE is in the connected mode. 13. The method of claim 9, wherein the UE receives the wireless signals from the first wireless network and monitors the one or more quality metrics of the received wireless signals while in connected mode. 14. The method of claim 9, wherein the received wireless signals include at least one of Synchronization Signals (SS) and Channel State Information (CSI) and monitoring the one or more quality metrics of the received wireless signals comprises monitoring values of one or more of SS Reference Signal Received Power (SS-RSRP), SS Received Signal Strength Indicator (SS-RSSI), SS Reference Signal Received Quality (SS-RSRQ), CSI-RSRP, CSI-RSSI, CSI-RSRQ. 15. A user equipment (UE) configured for wireless communications, wherein the UE supports a first wireless network comprising a Fifth Generation (5G) New Radio (NR) network and a second wireless network comprising an Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN), wherein by default the UE assigns a higher priority for connection to the first wireless network than the second wireless network, the UE comprising:
a wireless transceiver configured to wirelessly communicate with network entities in a wireless communication system; at least one memory; at least one processor coupled to the wireless transceiver and the at least one memory, wherein the at least one processor is configured to:
receive wireless signals, via the wireless transceiver, from one or more base stations in the first wireless network;
determine an expected data throughput for at least the first wireless network; and
assign the higher priority for connection to the second wireless network than the first wireless network at least partially due to the determined expected data throughput for at least the first wireless network. 16. The UE of claim 15, wherein the at least one processor is configured to determine the expected data throughput for at least the first wireless network by being configured to determine whether a carrier aggregation mode is possible for at least the first wireless network based on the received wireless signals from the one or more base stations, wherein the at least one processor is configured to assign the higher priority for connection to the second wireless network than the first wireless network at least partially due to whether the carrier aggregation mode is possible. 17. The UE of claim 16, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to determine the expected data throughput for at least the first wireless network by being configured to determine a number of carriers available to be aggregated in the second wireless network by searching availability of frequencies on supported carrier aggregation band combinations in the second wireless network. 18. The UE of claim 16, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to determine the expected data throughput for at least the first wireless network by being configured to determine a number of multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) layers to communicate with a serving base station by determining rank using a reference signal from the serving base station. 19. The UE of claim 15, wherein the at least one processor is configured to determine the expected data throughput from the first wireless network and the second wireless network by being configured to determine a maximum bandwidth supported by the one or more base stations in the first wireless network based on base station capability and band of operation for the wireless signals from the one or more base stations, wherein the at least one processor is configured to assign the higher priority for connection to the second wireless network than the first wireless network at least partially due to the maximum bandwidth supported by the one or more base stations. 20. The UE of claim 15, wherein the UE supports E-UTRAN NR—Dual Connectivity (ENDC), wherein the at least one processor is configured to determine the expected data throughput for at least the first wireless network by being configured to determine whether ENDC is available at a current location of the UE, wherein the at least one processor is configured to assign the higher priority for connection to the second wireless network than the first wireless network at least partially due to availability of ENDC at the current location of the UE. 21. The UE of claim 15, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
attach location information for a current location of the UE to signal information comprising one or more of the determined expected data throughput for at least the first wireless network and the assignment of the higher priority for connection to the second wireless network than the first wireless network, or a combination thereof; and upload, via the wireless transceiver, the signal information and attached location information to a server. 22. The UE of claim 15, wherein the UE has multiple carrier subscriptions, wherein the first wireless network is associated with a first carrier subscription and the second wireless network is associated with a second carrier subscription, and the UE supports Default Data Subscription (DDS), wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
dynamically select the first carrier subscription or the second carrier subscription for DDS, wherein the second carrier subscription is selected for DDS at least partially due to determined expected data throughput for at least the first wireless network. 23. The UE of claim 15, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
monitor one or more quality metrics of the received wireless signals from the first wireless network; and compare values of the one or more quality metrics to associated predetermined thresholds; wherein the at least one processor is further configured to assign the higher priority for connection to the second wireless network than the first wireless network at least partially due to the values of the one or more quality metrics being less than the associated predetermined thresholds. 24. The UE of claim 23, wherein the UE receives the wireless signals from the first wireless network, via the wireless transceiver, and monitors the one or more quality metrics of the received wireless signals while in idle mode. 25. The UE of claim 23, wherein the received wireless signals are Synchronization Signals (SS) and monitoring the one or more quality metrics of the received wireless signals comprises monitoring values of one or more of SS Reference Signal Received Power (SS-RSRP), SS Received Signal Strength Indicator (SS-RSSI), SS Reference Signal Received Quality (SS-RSRQ). 26. The UE of claim 23, wherein the at least one processor is configured to monitor the one or more quality metrics of the received wireless signals by being configured to cache the values of the one or more quality metrics of the received wireless signals until the UE is in connected mode and compare the values of the one or more quality metrics to the associated predetermined thresholds while the UE is in the connected mode. 27. The UE of claim 23, wherein the at least one processor is configured to receive the wireless signals from the first wireless network and monitor the one or more quality metrics of the received wireless signals while in connected mode. 28. The UE of claim 23, wherein the received wireless signals include at least one of Synchronization Signals (SS) and Channel State Information (CSI) and monitoring the one or more quality metrics of the received wireless signals comprises monitoring values of one or more of SS Reference Signal Received Power (SS-RSRP), SS Received Signal Strength Indicator (SS-RSSI), SS Reference Signal Received Quality (SS-RSRQ), CSI-RSRP, CSI-RSSI, CSI-RSRQ. 29. A user equipment (UE) configured for wireless communications, wherein the UE supports a first wireless network comprising a Fifth Generation (5G) New Radio (NR) network and a second wireless network comprising an Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN), wherein by default the UE assigns a higher priority for connection to the first wireless network than the second wireless network, the UE comprising:
means for receiving wireless signals from one or more base stations in the first wireless network; means for determining an expected data throughput for at least the first wireless network; and means for assigning the higher priority for connection to the second wireless network than the first wireless network at least partially due to the determined expected data throughput for at least the first wireless network. 30. A non-transitory storage medium including program code stored thereon, the program code is operable to cause at least one processor in a user equipment (UE) configured for wireless communication, wherein the UE supports a first wireless network comprising a Fifth Generation (5G) New Radio (NR) network and a second wireless network comprising an Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN), wherein by default the UE assigns a higher priority for connection to the first wireless network than the second wireless network, the non-transitory storage medium comprising:
program code to receive wireless signals from one or more base stations in the first wireless network; program code to determine an expected data throughput for at least the first wireless network; and program code to assign the higher priority for connection to the second wireless network than the first wireless network at least partially due to the determined expected data throughput for at least the first wireless network. | A user equipment (UE) is configured to be connected to multiple wireless networks, including e.g., a 5G New Radio (NR) network and an Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN). The UE may assign one of the networks with a higher priority for connection. The UE monitors wireless signal metrics to determine if the priority assignment of the networks should be inverted. The UE may monitor the expected data throughput, e.g., determined based on the availability of carrier aggregation, the carrier aggregation order, the multiple in multiple out (MIMO) order, the available bandwidth, E-UTRAN NR—Dual connectivity (ENDC) availability, or quality metrics of wireless signals from one or both wireless networks. The UE may further dynamically select a carrier subscription as the Default Data Subscription (DDS) based on the metrics as well as whether a wireless network associated with a carrier subscription supports ENDC.1. A method for wireless communication of a user equipment (UE) performed by the UE, wherein the UE supports a first wireless network comprising a Fifth Generation (5G) New Radio (NR) network and a second wireless network comprising an Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN), wherein by default the UE assigns a higher priority for connection to the first wireless network than the second wireless network, the method comprising:
receiving wireless signals from one or more base stations in the first wireless network; determining an expected data throughput for at least the first wireless network based on the received wireless signals; and assigning the higher priority for connection to the second wireless network than the first wireless network at least partially due to the determined expected data throughput for at least the first wireless network. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the expected data throughput for at least the first wireless network comprises determining whether a carrier aggregation mode is possible for at least the first wireless network based on the received wireless signals from the one or more base stations, wherein assigning the higher priority for connection to the second wireless network than the first wireless network is at least partially due to whether the carrier aggregation mode is possible. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein determining the expected data throughput for at least the first wireless network further comprises determining a number of carriers available to be aggregated in the second wireless network by searching availability of frequencies on supported carrier aggregation band combinations in the second wireless network. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein determining the expected data throughput for at least the first wireless network further comprises determining a number of multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) layers to communicate with a serving base station by determining rank using a reference signal from the serving base station. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the expected data throughput from the first wireless network and the second wireless network comprises determining a maximum bandwidth supported by the one or more base stations in the first wireless network based on base station capability and band of operation for the wireless signals from the one or more base stations, wherein assigning the higher priority for connection to the second wireless network than the first wireless network is at least partially due to the maximum bandwidth supported by the one or more base stations. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the UE supports E-UTRAN NR—Dual Connectivity (ENDC), wherein determining the expected data throughput for at least the first wireless network comprises determining whether ENDC is available at a current location of the UE, wherein assigning the higher priority for connection to the second wireless network than the first wireless network is at least partially due to availability of ENDC at the current location of the UE. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
attaching location information for a current location of the UE to signal information comprising one or more of the determined expected data throughput for at least the first wireless network and the assignment of the higher priority for connection to the second wireless network than the first wireless network, or a combination thereof; and uploading the signal information and attached location information to a server. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the UE has multiple carrier subscriptions, wherein the first wireless network is associated with a first carrier subscription and the second wireless network is associated with a second carrier subscription, and the UE supports Default Data Subscription (DDS), the method further comprising:
dynamically selecting the first carrier subscription or the second carrier subscription for DDS, wherein the second carrier subscription is selected for DDS at least partially due to determined expected data throughput for at least the first wireless network. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
monitoring one or more quality metrics of the received wireless signals from the first wireless network; and comparing values of the one or more quality metrics to associated predetermined thresholds; wherein assigning the higher priority for connection to the second wireless network than the first wireless network is further at least partially due to the values of the one or more quality metrics being less than the associated predetermined thresholds. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the UE receives the wireless signals from the first wireless network and monitors the one or more quality metrics of the received wireless signals while in idle mode. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the received wireless signals are Synchronization Signals (SS) and monitoring the one or more quality metrics of the received wireless signals comprises monitoring values of one or more of SS Reference Signal Received Power (SS-RSRP), SS Received Signal Strength Indicator (SS-RSSI), SS Reference Signal Received Quality (SS-RSRQ). 12. The method of claim 9, wherein monitoring the one or more quality metrics of the received wireless signals comprises caching the values of the one or more quality metrics of the received wireless signals until the UE is in connected mode and comparing the values of the one or more quality metrics to the associated predetermined thresholds is performed while the UE is in the connected mode. 13. The method of claim 9, wherein the UE receives the wireless signals from the first wireless network and monitors the one or more quality metrics of the received wireless signals while in connected mode. 14. The method of claim 9, wherein the received wireless signals include at least one of Synchronization Signals (SS) and Channel State Information (CSI) and monitoring the one or more quality metrics of the received wireless signals comprises monitoring values of one or more of SS Reference Signal Received Power (SS-RSRP), SS Received Signal Strength Indicator (SS-RSSI), SS Reference Signal Received Quality (SS-RSRQ), CSI-RSRP, CSI-RSSI, CSI-RSRQ. 15. A user equipment (UE) configured for wireless communications, wherein the UE supports a first wireless network comprising a Fifth Generation (5G) New Radio (NR) network and a second wireless network comprising an Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN), wherein by default the UE assigns a higher priority for connection to the first wireless network than the second wireless network, the UE comprising:
a wireless transceiver configured to wirelessly communicate with network entities in a wireless communication system; at least one memory; at least one processor coupled to the wireless transceiver and the at least one memory, wherein the at least one processor is configured to:
receive wireless signals, via the wireless transceiver, from one or more base stations in the first wireless network;
determine an expected data throughput for at least the first wireless network; and
assign the higher priority for connection to the second wireless network than the first wireless network at least partially due to the determined expected data throughput for at least the first wireless network. 16. The UE of claim 15, wherein the at least one processor is configured to determine the expected data throughput for at least the first wireless network by being configured to determine whether a carrier aggregation mode is possible for at least the first wireless network based on the received wireless signals from the one or more base stations, wherein the at least one processor is configured to assign the higher priority for connection to the second wireless network than the first wireless network at least partially due to whether the carrier aggregation mode is possible. 17. The UE of claim 16, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to determine the expected data throughput for at least the first wireless network by being configured to determine a number of carriers available to be aggregated in the second wireless network by searching availability of frequencies on supported carrier aggregation band combinations in the second wireless network. 18. The UE of claim 16, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to determine the expected data throughput for at least the first wireless network by being configured to determine a number of multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) layers to communicate with a serving base station by determining rank using a reference signal from the serving base station. 19. The UE of claim 15, wherein the at least one processor is configured to determine the expected data throughput from the first wireless network and the second wireless network by being configured to determine a maximum bandwidth supported by the one or more base stations in the first wireless network based on base station capability and band of operation for the wireless signals from the one or more base stations, wherein the at least one processor is configured to assign the higher priority for connection to the second wireless network than the first wireless network at least partially due to the maximum bandwidth supported by the one or more base stations. 20. The UE of claim 15, wherein the UE supports E-UTRAN NR—Dual Connectivity (ENDC), wherein the at least one processor is configured to determine the expected data throughput for at least the first wireless network by being configured to determine whether ENDC is available at a current location of the UE, wherein the at least one processor is configured to assign the higher priority for connection to the second wireless network than the first wireless network at least partially due to availability of ENDC at the current location of the UE. 21. The UE of claim 15, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
attach location information for a current location of the UE to signal information comprising one or more of the determined expected data throughput for at least the first wireless network and the assignment of the higher priority for connection to the second wireless network than the first wireless network, or a combination thereof; and upload, via the wireless transceiver, the signal information and attached location information to a server. 22. The UE of claim 15, wherein the UE has multiple carrier subscriptions, wherein the first wireless network is associated with a first carrier subscription and the second wireless network is associated with a second carrier subscription, and the UE supports Default Data Subscription (DDS), wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
dynamically select the first carrier subscription or the second carrier subscription for DDS, wherein the second carrier subscription is selected for DDS at least partially due to determined expected data throughput for at least the first wireless network. 23. The UE of claim 15, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
monitor one or more quality metrics of the received wireless signals from the first wireless network; and compare values of the one or more quality metrics to associated predetermined thresholds; wherein the at least one processor is further configured to assign the higher priority for connection to the second wireless network than the first wireless network at least partially due to the values of the one or more quality metrics being less than the associated predetermined thresholds. 24. The UE of claim 23, wherein the UE receives the wireless signals from the first wireless network, via the wireless transceiver, and monitors the one or more quality metrics of the received wireless signals while in idle mode. 25. The UE of claim 23, wherein the received wireless signals are Synchronization Signals (SS) and monitoring the one or more quality metrics of the received wireless signals comprises monitoring values of one or more of SS Reference Signal Received Power (SS-RSRP), SS Received Signal Strength Indicator (SS-RSSI), SS Reference Signal Received Quality (SS-RSRQ). 26. The UE of claim 23, wherein the at least one processor is configured to monitor the one or more quality metrics of the received wireless signals by being configured to cache the values of the one or more quality metrics of the received wireless signals until the UE is in connected mode and compare the values of the one or more quality metrics to the associated predetermined thresholds while the UE is in the connected mode. 27. The UE of claim 23, wherein the at least one processor is configured to receive the wireless signals from the first wireless network and monitor the one or more quality metrics of the received wireless signals while in connected mode. 28. The UE of claim 23, wherein the received wireless signals include at least one of Synchronization Signals (SS) and Channel State Information (CSI) and monitoring the one or more quality metrics of the received wireless signals comprises monitoring values of one or more of SS Reference Signal Received Power (SS-RSRP), SS Received Signal Strength Indicator (SS-RSSI), SS Reference Signal Received Quality (SS-RSRQ), CSI-RSRP, CSI-RSSI, CSI-RSRQ. 29. A user equipment (UE) configured for wireless communications, wherein the UE supports a first wireless network comprising a Fifth Generation (5G) New Radio (NR) network and a second wireless network comprising an Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN), wherein by default the UE assigns a higher priority for connection to the first wireless network than the second wireless network, the UE comprising:
means for receiving wireless signals from one or more base stations in the first wireless network; means for determining an expected data throughput for at least the first wireless network; and means for assigning the higher priority for connection to the second wireless network than the first wireless network at least partially due to the determined expected data throughput for at least the first wireless network. 30. A non-transitory storage medium including program code stored thereon, the program code is operable to cause at least one processor in a user equipment (UE) configured for wireless communication, wherein the UE supports a first wireless network comprising a Fifth Generation (5G) New Radio (NR) network and a second wireless network comprising an Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN), wherein by default the UE assigns a higher priority for connection to the first wireless network than the second wireless network, the non-transitory storage medium comprising:
program code to receive wireless signals from one or more base stations in the first wireless network; program code to determine an expected data throughput for at least the first wireless network; and program code to assign the higher priority for connection to the second wireless network than the first wireless network at least partially due to the determined expected data throughput for at least the first wireless network. | 2,900 |
342,182 | 16,802,456 | 2,912 | A solid state light sheet and method of fabricating the sheet are disclosed. In one embodiment, bare LED chips have top and bottom electrodes, where the bottom electrode is a large reflective electrode. The bottom electrodes of an array of LEDs (e.g., 500 LEDs) are bonded to an array of electrodes formed on a flexible bottom substrate. Conductive traces are formed on the bottom substrate connected to the electrodes. A transparent top substrate is then formed over the bottom substrate. Various ways to connect the LEDs in series are described along with many embodiments. In one method, the top substrate contains a conductor pattern that connects to LED electrodes and conductors on the bottom substrate. | 1-20. (canceled) 21. A light emitting device, comprising:
a first layer having an elongate shape extending along a length from a first end to a second end, the first layer having a width and a thickness, the width and thickness being orthogonal to each other and to the length, and the width and the thickness both being less than the length; multiple non-packaged light emitting diode (LED) dies configured to emit light having a first spectral power distribution, each LED die having a first die electrode and a second die electrode, the LED dies being supported by the first layer and spaced apart from one another along the length of the first layer; a second layer having an elongate shape and a non-planar interface facing the first layer, the second layer being in contact with the first layer between the spaced apart LED dies such that the non-planar interface encapsulates each of the LED dies, the second layer comprising a wavelength conversion material for converting light having the first spectral power distribution to light having a second spectral power distribution; and an electrically-conducting material on a surface of the first layer, the electrically-conducting material arranged in a pattern that operatively connects the first and second die electrodes of the multiple LED dies without wire bonds, the LED dies disposed on the pattern; wherein a surface of the material composing the second layer is an outer surface of the light emitting device and the light emitting device is a flexible light emitting device. 22. The light emitting device of claim 21, wherein the material composing the second layer is plastically deformed to encase the LED dies. 23. The light emitting device of claim 21, wherein the first and second layers are coextensive along a length of the light emitting device. 24. The light emitting device of claim 23, wherein the surface of the first layer is a flat surface. 25. The light emitting device of claim 21, wherein the LED dies are blue or UV emitting LED dies. 26. The light emitting device of claim 25, wherein the light emitting device is a white light emitting device. 27. The light emitting device of claim 21, wherein the wavelength conversion material comprises a phosphor. 28. The light emitting device of claim 21, wherein the first layer comprises a light-transmissive material. 29. The light emitting device of claim 28, wherein the first layer is transparent. 30. The light emitting device of claim 21, wherein the first layer comprises a metal. 31. The light emitting device of claim 21, wherein the LED dies are electrically connected in series. 32. The light emitting device of claim 21, wherein the first and second die electrodes are located on a first side of the LED dies. 33. The light emitting device of claim 32, wherein each of the LED dies is configured to emit light through a second side of the LED die opposite the first side of the LED die. 34. The light emitting device of claim 33, wherein the first side of each of the LED dies reflects light from within the LED die back into the LED die. 35. The light emitting device of claim 33, wherein the first side of each of the LED dies faces the first layer. 36. The light emitting device of claim 21, further comprising a third layer, the first layer being arranged between the second layer and the third layer. 37. The light emitting device of claim 36, wherein the third layer comprises the wavelength conversion material. 38. The light emitting device of claim 21, wherein the LED dies are flip-chip LED dies. 39. The light emitting device of claim 21, wherein the light emitting device has a flexible cylinder or half-cylinder shape and the LED dies are arranged in a single string of LED dies connected in series. 40. The light emitting device of claim 21, wherein the light emitting device has a thickness in a range from 1 mm to 1 cm. 41. The light emitting device of claim 21, wherein the second layer comprises a light-transmissive material. 42. The light emitting device of claim 21, wherein the interface of the second layer is a textured interface. 43. The light emitting device of claim 21, wherein a thickness of the second layer is greater than a height of the LED dies. 44. A method, comprising:
positioning a plurality of non-packaged flip chip light emitting diode (LED) dies on a first layer that supports a patterned electrical conductor using a pick-and-place process such that adjacent LED dies are spaced-apart from each other and the patterned electrically-conducting material operatively connects a pair of electrodes of each LED die without wire bonds; and depositing a liquid encapsulant over the LED dies to form a second layer that conforms to the LED dies and spaces between the LED dies, wherein the LED dies are configured to emit light having a first spectral power distribution during operation and the liquid encapsulant comprises a wavelength conversion material for converting light having the first spectral power distribution to light in a second spectral power distribution. | A solid state light sheet and method of fabricating the sheet are disclosed. In one embodiment, bare LED chips have top and bottom electrodes, where the bottom electrode is a large reflective electrode. The bottom electrodes of an array of LEDs (e.g., 500 LEDs) are bonded to an array of electrodes formed on a flexible bottom substrate. Conductive traces are formed on the bottom substrate connected to the electrodes. A transparent top substrate is then formed over the bottom substrate. Various ways to connect the LEDs in series are described along with many embodiments. In one method, the top substrate contains a conductor pattern that connects to LED electrodes and conductors on the bottom substrate.1-20. (canceled) 21. A light emitting device, comprising:
a first layer having an elongate shape extending along a length from a first end to a second end, the first layer having a width and a thickness, the width and thickness being orthogonal to each other and to the length, and the width and the thickness both being less than the length; multiple non-packaged light emitting diode (LED) dies configured to emit light having a first spectral power distribution, each LED die having a first die electrode and a second die electrode, the LED dies being supported by the first layer and spaced apart from one another along the length of the first layer; a second layer having an elongate shape and a non-planar interface facing the first layer, the second layer being in contact with the first layer between the spaced apart LED dies such that the non-planar interface encapsulates each of the LED dies, the second layer comprising a wavelength conversion material for converting light having the first spectral power distribution to light having a second spectral power distribution; and an electrically-conducting material on a surface of the first layer, the electrically-conducting material arranged in a pattern that operatively connects the first and second die electrodes of the multiple LED dies without wire bonds, the LED dies disposed on the pattern; wherein a surface of the material composing the second layer is an outer surface of the light emitting device and the light emitting device is a flexible light emitting device. 22. The light emitting device of claim 21, wherein the material composing the second layer is plastically deformed to encase the LED dies. 23. The light emitting device of claim 21, wherein the first and second layers are coextensive along a length of the light emitting device. 24. The light emitting device of claim 23, wherein the surface of the first layer is a flat surface. 25. The light emitting device of claim 21, wherein the LED dies are blue or UV emitting LED dies. 26. The light emitting device of claim 25, wherein the light emitting device is a white light emitting device. 27. The light emitting device of claim 21, wherein the wavelength conversion material comprises a phosphor. 28. The light emitting device of claim 21, wherein the first layer comprises a light-transmissive material. 29. The light emitting device of claim 28, wherein the first layer is transparent. 30. The light emitting device of claim 21, wherein the first layer comprises a metal. 31. The light emitting device of claim 21, wherein the LED dies are electrically connected in series. 32. The light emitting device of claim 21, wherein the first and second die electrodes are located on a first side of the LED dies. 33. The light emitting device of claim 32, wherein each of the LED dies is configured to emit light through a second side of the LED die opposite the first side of the LED die. 34. The light emitting device of claim 33, wherein the first side of each of the LED dies reflects light from within the LED die back into the LED die. 35. The light emitting device of claim 33, wherein the first side of each of the LED dies faces the first layer. 36. The light emitting device of claim 21, further comprising a third layer, the first layer being arranged between the second layer and the third layer. 37. The light emitting device of claim 36, wherein the third layer comprises the wavelength conversion material. 38. The light emitting device of claim 21, wherein the LED dies are flip-chip LED dies. 39. The light emitting device of claim 21, wherein the light emitting device has a flexible cylinder or half-cylinder shape and the LED dies are arranged in a single string of LED dies connected in series. 40. The light emitting device of claim 21, wherein the light emitting device has a thickness in a range from 1 mm to 1 cm. 41. The light emitting device of claim 21, wherein the second layer comprises a light-transmissive material. 42. The light emitting device of claim 21, wherein the interface of the second layer is a textured interface. 43. The light emitting device of claim 21, wherein a thickness of the second layer is greater than a height of the LED dies. 44. A method, comprising:
positioning a plurality of non-packaged flip chip light emitting diode (LED) dies on a first layer that supports a patterned electrical conductor using a pick-and-place process such that adjacent LED dies are spaced-apart from each other and the patterned electrically-conducting material operatively connects a pair of electrodes of each LED die without wire bonds; and depositing a liquid encapsulant over the LED dies to form a second layer that conforms to the LED dies and spaces between the LED dies, wherein the LED dies are configured to emit light having a first spectral power distribution during operation and the liquid encapsulant comprises a wavelength conversion material for converting light having the first spectral power distribution to light in a second spectral power distribution. | 2,900 |
342,183 | 29,725,535 | 2,912 | A solid state light sheet and method of fabricating the sheet are disclosed. In one embodiment, bare LED chips have top and bottom electrodes, where the bottom electrode is a large reflective electrode. The bottom electrodes of an array of LEDs (e.g., 500 LEDs) are bonded to an array of electrodes formed on a flexible bottom substrate. Conductive traces are formed on the bottom substrate connected to the electrodes. A transparent top substrate is then formed over the bottom substrate. Various ways to connect the LEDs in series are described along with many embodiments. In one method, the top substrate contains a conductor pattern that connects to LED electrodes and conductors on the bottom substrate. | 1-20. (canceled) 21. A light emitting device, comprising:
a first layer having an elongate shape extending along a length from a first end to a second end, the first layer having a width and a thickness, the width and thickness being orthogonal to each other and to the length, and the width and the thickness both being less than the length; multiple non-packaged light emitting diode (LED) dies configured to emit light having a first spectral power distribution, each LED die having a first die electrode and a second die electrode, the LED dies being supported by the first layer and spaced apart from one another along the length of the first layer; a second layer having an elongate shape and a non-planar interface facing the first layer, the second layer being in contact with the first layer between the spaced apart LED dies such that the non-planar interface encapsulates each of the LED dies, the second layer comprising a wavelength conversion material for converting light having the first spectral power distribution to light having a second spectral power distribution; and an electrically-conducting material on a surface of the first layer, the electrically-conducting material arranged in a pattern that operatively connects the first and second die electrodes of the multiple LED dies without wire bonds, the LED dies disposed on the pattern; wherein a surface of the material composing the second layer is an outer surface of the light emitting device and the light emitting device is a flexible light emitting device. 22. The light emitting device of claim 21, wherein the material composing the second layer is plastically deformed to encase the LED dies. 23. The light emitting device of claim 21, wherein the first and second layers are coextensive along a length of the light emitting device. 24. The light emitting device of claim 23, wherein the surface of the first layer is a flat surface. 25. The light emitting device of claim 21, wherein the LED dies are blue or UV emitting LED dies. 26. The light emitting device of claim 25, wherein the light emitting device is a white light emitting device. 27. The light emitting device of claim 21, wherein the wavelength conversion material comprises a phosphor. 28. The light emitting device of claim 21, wherein the first layer comprises a light-transmissive material. 29. The light emitting device of claim 28, wherein the first layer is transparent. 30. The light emitting device of claim 21, wherein the first layer comprises a metal. 31. The light emitting device of claim 21, wherein the LED dies are electrically connected in series. 32. The light emitting device of claim 21, wherein the first and second die electrodes are located on a first side of the LED dies. 33. The light emitting device of claim 32, wherein each of the LED dies is configured to emit light through a second side of the LED die opposite the first side of the LED die. 34. The light emitting device of claim 33, wherein the first side of each of the LED dies reflects light from within the LED die back into the LED die. 35. The light emitting device of claim 33, wherein the first side of each of the LED dies faces the first layer. 36. The light emitting device of claim 21, further comprising a third layer, the first layer being arranged between the second layer and the third layer. 37. The light emitting device of claim 36, wherein the third layer comprises the wavelength conversion material. 38. The light emitting device of claim 21, wherein the LED dies are flip-chip LED dies. 39. The light emitting device of claim 21, wherein the light emitting device has a flexible cylinder or half-cylinder shape and the LED dies are arranged in a single string of LED dies connected in series. 40. The light emitting device of claim 21, wherein the light emitting device has a thickness in a range from 1 mm to 1 cm. 41. The light emitting device of claim 21, wherein the second layer comprises a light-transmissive material. 42. The light emitting device of claim 21, wherein the interface of the second layer is a textured interface. 43. The light emitting device of claim 21, wherein a thickness of the second layer is greater than a height of the LED dies. 44. A method, comprising:
positioning a plurality of non-packaged flip chip light emitting diode (LED) dies on a first layer that supports a patterned electrical conductor using a pick-and-place process such that adjacent LED dies are spaced-apart from each other and the patterned electrically-conducting material operatively connects a pair of electrodes of each LED die without wire bonds; and depositing a liquid encapsulant over the LED dies to form a second layer that conforms to the LED dies and spaces between the LED dies, wherein the LED dies are configured to emit light having a first spectral power distribution during operation and the liquid encapsulant comprises a wavelength conversion material for converting light having the first spectral power distribution to light in a second spectral power distribution. | A solid state light sheet and method of fabricating the sheet are disclosed. In one embodiment, bare LED chips have top and bottom electrodes, where the bottom electrode is a large reflective electrode. The bottom electrodes of an array of LEDs (e.g., 500 LEDs) are bonded to an array of electrodes formed on a flexible bottom substrate. Conductive traces are formed on the bottom substrate connected to the electrodes. A transparent top substrate is then formed over the bottom substrate. Various ways to connect the LEDs in series are described along with many embodiments. In one method, the top substrate contains a conductor pattern that connects to LED electrodes and conductors on the bottom substrate.1-20. (canceled) 21. A light emitting device, comprising:
a first layer having an elongate shape extending along a length from a first end to a second end, the first layer having a width and a thickness, the width and thickness being orthogonal to each other and to the length, and the width and the thickness both being less than the length; multiple non-packaged light emitting diode (LED) dies configured to emit light having a first spectral power distribution, each LED die having a first die electrode and a second die electrode, the LED dies being supported by the first layer and spaced apart from one another along the length of the first layer; a second layer having an elongate shape and a non-planar interface facing the first layer, the second layer being in contact with the first layer between the spaced apart LED dies such that the non-planar interface encapsulates each of the LED dies, the second layer comprising a wavelength conversion material for converting light having the first spectral power distribution to light having a second spectral power distribution; and an electrically-conducting material on a surface of the first layer, the electrically-conducting material arranged in a pattern that operatively connects the first and second die electrodes of the multiple LED dies without wire bonds, the LED dies disposed on the pattern; wherein a surface of the material composing the second layer is an outer surface of the light emitting device and the light emitting device is a flexible light emitting device. 22. The light emitting device of claim 21, wherein the material composing the second layer is plastically deformed to encase the LED dies. 23. The light emitting device of claim 21, wherein the first and second layers are coextensive along a length of the light emitting device. 24. The light emitting device of claim 23, wherein the surface of the first layer is a flat surface. 25. The light emitting device of claim 21, wherein the LED dies are blue or UV emitting LED dies. 26. The light emitting device of claim 25, wherein the light emitting device is a white light emitting device. 27. The light emitting device of claim 21, wherein the wavelength conversion material comprises a phosphor. 28. The light emitting device of claim 21, wherein the first layer comprises a light-transmissive material. 29. The light emitting device of claim 28, wherein the first layer is transparent. 30. The light emitting device of claim 21, wherein the first layer comprises a metal. 31. The light emitting device of claim 21, wherein the LED dies are electrically connected in series. 32. The light emitting device of claim 21, wherein the first and second die electrodes are located on a first side of the LED dies. 33. The light emitting device of claim 32, wherein each of the LED dies is configured to emit light through a second side of the LED die opposite the first side of the LED die. 34. The light emitting device of claim 33, wherein the first side of each of the LED dies reflects light from within the LED die back into the LED die. 35. The light emitting device of claim 33, wherein the first side of each of the LED dies faces the first layer. 36. The light emitting device of claim 21, further comprising a third layer, the first layer being arranged between the second layer and the third layer. 37. The light emitting device of claim 36, wherein the third layer comprises the wavelength conversion material. 38. The light emitting device of claim 21, wherein the LED dies are flip-chip LED dies. 39. The light emitting device of claim 21, wherein the light emitting device has a flexible cylinder or half-cylinder shape and the LED dies are arranged in a single string of LED dies connected in series. 40. The light emitting device of claim 21, wherein the light emitting device has a thickness in a range from 1 mm to 1 cm. 41. The light emitting device of claim 21, wherein the second layer comprises a light-transmissive material. 42. The light emitting device of claim 21, wherein the interface of the second layer is a textured interface. 43. The light emitting device of claim 21, wherein a thickness of the second layer is greater than a height of the LED dies. 44. A method, comprising:
positioning a plurality of non-packaged flip chip light emitting diode (LED) dies on a first layer that supports a patterned electrical conductor using a pick-and-place process such that adjacent LED dies are spaced-apart from each other and the patterned electrically-conducting material operatively connects a pair of electrodes of each LED die without wire bonds; and depositing a liquid encapsulant over the LED dies to form a second layer that conforms to the LED dies and spaces between the LED dies, wherein the LED dies are configured to emit light having a first spectral power distribution during operation and the liquid encapsulant comprises a wavelength conversion material for converting light having the first spectral power distribution to light in a second spectral power distribution. | 2,900 |
342,184 | 16,802,486 | 2,912 | Provided is a thermotherapy device, which includes a first housing (10), a second housing (20) disposed under the first housing (10), a transfer plate (30), at both sides of which transfer rollers (31) are provided, and a pair of guide rails (40) that is provided to the second housing (20) and on which the respective transfer rollers (31) of the transfer plate (30) are placed. The pair of guide rails (40) are integrally molded when the second housing (20) is injection-molded. Thus, since the guide rails on which the transfer rollers of the transfer plate travel are integrally molded when the second housing is injection-molded, inefficiency caused by mounting separate rails as in the related art is removed, and thereby assemblability, productivity, and economic efficiency of the thermotherapy device can be improved. | 1-17. (canceled) 18. A thermotherapy device comprising:
a housing; a cover member connected to the housing; a coupling member that connects the housing and the cover member and allows the cover member to be folded on and unfolded from the housing; and a supporting means that is connected to the cover member and prevents the cover member from sagging when the cover member is unfolded from the housing by the coupling member, wherein the housing and the cover member are configured to support a user's body directly on their top surface when the cover member is unfolded. 19. The thermotherapy device of claim 1, wherein the supporting means includes:
a first contact part; and a second contact part that is formed on the cover member and is supported on the first contact part in contact with the first contact part when the cover member is unfolded. 20. The thermotherapy device of claim 1, wherein the cover member includes a receiving part, and the supporting means further includes a backing member that is hinged to the cover member and is housed in the receiving part. 21. The thermotherapy device of claim 1, further comprising a locking means that is provided to the housing and the cover member and allows mutual locking or unlocking of the housing and the cover member. 22. The thermotherapy device of claim 4, wherein the locking means includes:
a body connected to the housing; an actuating member hinged to the body; a hooking member hinged to the actuating member; and a hooked slot which is formed in the cover member and into and from which the hooking member is inserted and extracted. 23. The thermotherapy device of claim 4, wherein the locking means further includes a transfer member providing convenience of movement. 24. The thermotherapy device of one of claim 1, wherein the cover member further includes a recess formed in an inner surface thereof in order to prevent interference with a massage set disposed inside the housing when the housing is covered with the cover member. 25. The thermotherapy device of one of claim 1, further comprising a damping member formed on the housing and/or the cover member. 26. The thermotherapy device of one of claim 1, wherein the housing and the cover member have a thickness ratio of 1:0.2 to 1:0.8. | Provided is a thermotherapy device, which includes a first housing (10), a second housing (20) disposed under the first housing (10), a transfer plate (30), at both sides of which transfer rollers (31) are provided, and a pair of guide rails (40) that is provided to the second housing (20) and on which the respective transfer rollers (31) of the transfer plate (30) are placed. The pair of guide rails (40) are integrally molded when the second housing (20) is injection-molded. Thus, since the guide rails on which the transfer rollers of the transfer plate travel are integrally molded when the second housing is injection-molded, inefficiency caused by mounting separate rails as in the related art is removed, and thereby assemblability, productivity, and economic efficiency of the thermotherapy device can be improved.1-17. (canceled) 18. A thermotherapy device comprising:
a housing; a cover member connected to the housing; a coupling member that connects the housing and the cover member and allows the cover member to be folded on and unfolded from the housing; and a supporting means that is connected to the cover member and prevents the cover member from sagging when the cover member is unfolded from the housing by the coupling member, wherein the housing and the cover member are configured to support a user's body directly on their top surface when the cover member is unfolded. 19. The thermotherapy device of claim 1, wherein the supporting means includes:
a first contact part; and a second contact part that is formed on the cover member and is supported on the first contact part in contact with the first contact part when the cover member is unfolded. 20. The thermotherapy device of claim 1, wherein the cover member includes a receiving part, and the supporting means further includes a backing member that is hinged to the cover member and is housed in the receiving part. 21. The thermotherapy device of claim 1, further comprising a locking means that is provided to the housing and the cover member and allows mutual locking or unlocking of the housing and the cover member. 22. The thermotherapy device of claim 4, wherein the locking means includes:
a body connected to the housing; an actuating member hinged to the body; a hooking member hinged to the actuating member; and a hooked slot which is formed in the cover member and into and from which the hooking member is inserted and extracted. 23. The thermotherapy device of claim 4, wherein the locking means further includes a transfer member providing convenience of movement. 24. The thermotherapy device of one of claim 1, wherein the cover member further includes a recess formed in an inner surface thereof in order to prevent interference with a massage set disposed inside the housing when the housing is covered with the cover member. 25. The thermotherapy device of one of claim 1, further comprising a damping member formed on the housing and/or the cover member. 26. The thermotherapy device of one of claim 1, wherein the housing and the cover member have a thickness ratio of 1:0.2 to 1:0.8. | 2,900 |
342,185 | 16,802,546 | 2,912 | Provided is a thermotherapy device, which includes a first housing (10), a second housing (20) disposed under the first housing (10), a transfer plate (30), at both sides of which transfer rollers (31) are provided, and a pair of guide rails (40) that is provided to the second housing (20) and on which the respective transfer rollers (31) of the transfer plate (30) are placed. The pair of guide rails (40) are integrally molded when the second housing (20) is injection-molded. Thus, since the guide rails on which the transfer rollers of the transfer plate travel are integrally molded when the second housing is injection-molded, inefficiency caused by mounting separate rails as in the related art is removed, and thereby assemblability, productivity, and economic efficiency of the thermotherapy device can be improved. | 1-17. (canceled) 18. A thermotherapy device comprising:
a housing; a cover member connected to the housing; a coupling member that connects the housing and the cover member and allows the cover member to be folded on and unfolded from the housing; and a supporting means that is connected to the cover member and prevents the cover member from sagging when the cover member is unfolded from the housing by the coupling member, wherein the housing and the cover member are configured to support a user's body directly on their top surface when the cover member is unfolded. 19. The thermotherapy device of claim 1, wherein the supporting means includes:
a first contact part; and a second contact part that is formed on the cover member and is supported on the first contact part in contact with the first contact part when the cover member is unfolded. 20. The thermotherapy device of claim 1, wherein the cover member includes a receiving part, and the supporting means further includes a backing member that is hinged to the cover member and is housed in the receiving part. 21. The thermotherapy device of claim 1, further comprising a locking means that is provided to the housing and the cover member and allows mutual locking or unlocking of the housing and the cover member. 22. The thermotherapy device of claim 4, wherein the locking means includes:
a body connected to the housing; an actuating member hinged to the body; a hooking member hinged to the actuating member; and a hooked slot which is formed in the cover member and into and from which the hooking member is inserted and extracted. 23. The thermotherapy device of claim 4, wherein the locking means further includes a transfer member providing convenience of movement. 24. The thermotherapy device of one of claim 1, wherein the cover member further includes a recess formed in an inner surface thereof in order to prevent interference with a massage set disposed inside the housing when the housing is covered with the cover member. 25. The thermotherapy device of one of claim 1, further comprising a damping member formed on the housing and/or the cover member. 26. The thermotherapy device of one of claim 1, wherein the housing and the cover member have a thickness ratio of 1:0.2 to 1:0.8. | Provided is a thermotherapy device, which includes a first housing (10), a second housing (20) disposed under the first housing (10), a transfer plate (30), at both sides of which transfer rollers (31) are provided, and a pair of guide rails (40) that is provided to the second housing (20) and on which the respective transfer rollers (31) of the transfer plate (30) are placed. The pair of guide rails (40) are integrally molded when the second housing (20) is injection-molded. Thus, since the guide rails on which the transfer rollers of the transfer plate travel are integrally molded when the second housing is injection-molded, inefficiency caused by mounting separate rails as in the related art is removed, and thereby assemblability, productivity, and economic efficiency of the thermotherapy device can be improved.1-17. (canceled) 18. A thermotherapy device comprising:
a housing; a cover member connected to the housing; a coupling member that connects the housing and the cover member and allows the cover member to be folded on and unfolded from the housing; and a supporting means that is connected to the cover member and prevents the cover member from sagging when the cover member is unfolded from the housing by the coupling member, wherein the housing and the cover member are configured to support a user's body directly on their top surface when the cover member is unfolded. 19. The thermotherapy device of claim 1, wherein the supporting means includes:
a first contact part; and a second contact part that is formed on the cover member and is supported on the first contact part in contact with the first contact part when the cover member is unfolded. 20. The thermotherapy device of claim 1, wherein the cover member includes a receiving part, and the supporting means further includes a backing member that is hinged to the cover member and is housed in the receiving part. 21. The thermotherapy device of claim 1, further comprising a locking means that is provided to the housing and the cover member and allows mutual locking or unlocking of the housing and the cover member. 22. The thermotherapy device of claim 4, wherein the locking means includes:
a body connected to the housing; an actuating member hinged to the body; a hooking member hinged to the actuating member; and a hooked slot which is formed in the cover member and into and from which the hooking member is inserted and extracted. 23. The thermotherapy device of claim 4, wherein the locking means further includes a transfer member providing convenience of movement. 24. The thermotherapy device of one of claim 1, wherein the cover member further includes a recess formed in an inner surface thereof in order to prevent interference with a massage set disposed inside the housing when the housing is covered with the cover member. 25. The thermotherapy device of one of claim 1, further comprising a damping member formed on the housing and/or the cover member. 26. The thermotherapy device of one of claim 1, wherein the housing and the cover member have a thickness ratio of 1:0.2 to 1:0.8. | 2,900 |
342,186 | 16,802,551 | 1,727 | The invention relates to a process for the preparation of carbon-deposited alkali metal oxyanion and the use thereof as cathode material in lithium secondary batteries wherein the process comprises synthesis of partially reacted alkali metal oxyanion, a wet-based nanomilling step, a drying step and a subsequent carbon deposition step performed by a thermal CND process. The invention also relates to carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion with less than 80 ppm of sulfur impurities for the preparation of a cathode of lithium secondary batteries with exceptional high-temperature electrochemical properties. | 37. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion particulate composition characterized in that:
a) carbon deposit is obtained by at least one thermal chemical vapor deposition process with a gas-phase carbon source, and wherein carbon deposit is in the form of graphene-like carbon deposit with 1 to 8 layers of said graphene-like carbon deposit; b) sulfur impurities content is less than 80 ppm, preferably less than 60 ppm, more preferably less than 40 ppm, and still more preferably less than 20 ppm, based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion. 38. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein alkali metal oxyanion median primary particle size is less than 500 nm, preferably less than 250 nm, more preferably less than 150 nm. 39. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein alkali metal oxyanion median primary particle size is between 25 and 250 nm, preferably between 50 and 150 nm, more preferably between 70 and 130 nm. 40. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 39, wherein carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion is in the form of carbon deposited spherical secondary agglomerates of alkali metal oxyanion primary particles. 41. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 40, wherein porosity of secondary agglomerates is between 5 and 40%, preferably between 10 and 35%, more preferably between 15 and 30%. 42. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 40, wherein BET of secondary agglomerates is comprised between 3 and 13 m2/g, preferably between 5 and 11 m2/g, more preferably between 5 and 9 m2/g, still more preferably between 5 and 7 m2/g. 43. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 40, wherein BET of secondary agglomerates is ≤13 m2/g, preferably less than ≤11 m2/g, more preferably between ≤9 m2/g, still more preferably between ≤7 m2/g. 44. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 40, wherein D50 of secondary agglomerates is between ≤9 m2/g, preferably less than ≤7 m2/g, more preferably between ≤5 m2/g. 45. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 40, wherein secondary agglomerates press density is comprised between 2.4 and 3 g/cm3, preferably between 2.5 and 2.9 g/cm3, more preferably between 2.6 and 2.8 g/cm3. 46. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 36 or 37, wherein water content is less than 200 ppm, preferably less than 100 ppm, more preferably less than 50 ppm, still more preferably less than 25 ppm, based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion. 47. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 46, wherein water content is less than 100 ppm, based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion. 48. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 47, wherein content of magnetic impurities is less than 300 ppb, preferably less than 200 ppb, more preferably less than 100 ppb, based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion. 49. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein conductivity is more than 5·10−2 S·cm−1, preferably more than 10−1 S·cm−1, more preferably more than 5·10−1 S·cm−1. 50. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein carbon deposit is composed of at least 99.95 wt. % of carbon, preferably at least 99.97 wt. % of carbon, more preferably at least 99.99 wt. % of carbon, based on total weight of carbon deposit. 51. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein carbon deposit content is less than 2.0 wt. %, preferably less than 1.6 wt. %, more preferably less than 1.2 wt. %, based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion. 52. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein carbon deposit content is between 0.2 and 1.2 wt. %, preferably between 0.5 and 1 wt. %, more preferably between 0.6 and 0.95 wt. %, based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion. 53. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein thickness of carbon deposit is between 0.3 and 3.7 nm, preferably between 0.8 and 2.2 nm. 54. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein carbon deposit is in the form of graphene-like carbon deposit with 2 to 5 layers of said graphene-like carbon deposit. 55. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion particulate composition characterized in that:
a) carbon deposit is obtained by a thermal chemical vapor deposition process with a gas-phase carbon source, and wherein carbon deposit content is less than 1.2 wt. % based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion; b) dimensionless ratio of sulfur impurities content relatively to carbon deposit content, both based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion, is less than 0.8%, preferably less than 0.6%, more preferably less than 0.4%, still more preferably less than 0.2%. 56. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion of any one of claims 37 to 57, wherein carbon deposit is in the form of a continuous, adherent, and uniform deposit. | The invention relates to a process for the preparation of carbon-deposited alkali metal oxyanion and the use thereof as cathode material in lithium secondary batteries wherein the process comprises synthesis of partially reacted alkali metal oxyanion, a wet-based nanomilling step, a drying step and a subsequent carbon deposition step performed by a thermal CND process. The invention also relates to carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion with less than 80 ppm of sulfur impurities for the preparation of a cathode of lithium secondary batteries with exceptional high-temperature electrochemical properties.37. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion particulate composition characterized in that:
a) carbon deposit is obtained by at least one thermal chemical vapor deposition process with a gas-phase carbon source, and wherein carbon deposit is in the form of graphene-like carbon deposit with 1 to 8 layers of said graphene-like carbon deposit; b) sulfur impurities content is less than 80 ppm, preferably less than 60 ppm, more preferably less than 40 ppm, and still more preferably less than 20 ppm, based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion. 38. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein alkali metal oxyanion median primary particle size is less than 500 nm, preferably less than 250 nm, more preferably less than 150 nm. 39. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein alkali metal oxyanion median primary particle size is between 25 and 250 nm, preferably between 50 and 150 nm, more preferably between 70 and 130 nm. 40. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 39, wherein carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion is in the form of carbon deposited spherical secondary agglomerates of alkali metal oxyanion primary particles. 41. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 40, wherein porosity of secondary agglomerates is between 5 and 40%, preferably between 10 and 35%, more preferably between 15 and 30%. 42. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 40, wherein BET of secondary agglomerates is comprised between 3 and 13 m2/g, preferably between 5 and 11 m2/g, more preferably between 5 and 9 m2/g, still more preferably between 5 and 7 m2/g. 43. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 40, wherein BET of secondary agglomerates is ≤13 m2/g, preferably less than ≤11 m2/g, more preferably between ≤9 m2/g, still more preferably between ≤7 m2/g. 44. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 40, wherein D50 of secondary agglomerates is between ≤9 m2/g, preferably less than ≤7 m2/g, more preferably between ≤5 m2/g. 45. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 40, wherein secondary agglomerates press density is comprised between 2.4 and 3 g/cm3, preferably between 2.5 and 2.9 g/cm3, more preferably between 2.6 and 2.8 g/cm3. 46. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 36 or 37, wherein water content is less than 200 ppm, preferably less than 100 ppm, more preferably less than 50 ppm, still more preferably less than 25 ppm, based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion. 47. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 46, wherein water content is less than 100 ppm, based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion. 48. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 47, wherein content of magnetic impurities is less than 300 ppb, preferably less than 200 ppb, more preferably less than 100 ppb, based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion. 49. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein conductivity is more than 5·10−2 S·cm−1, preferably more than 10−1 S·cm−1, more preferably more than 5·10−1 S·cm−1. 50. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein carbon deposit is composed of at least 99.95 wt. % of carbon, preferably at least 99.97 wt. % of carbon, more preferably at least 99.99 wt. % of carbon, based on total weight of carbon deposit. 51. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein carbon deposit content is less than 2.0 wt. %, preferably less than 1.6 wt. %, more preferably less than 1.2 wt. %, based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion. 52. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein carbon deposit content is between 0.2 and 1.2 wt. %, preferably between 0.5 and 1 wt. %, more preferably between 0.6 and 0.95 wt. %, based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion. 53. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein thickness of carbon deposit is between 0.3 and 3.7 nm, preferably between 0.8 and 2.2 nm. 54. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein carbon deposit is in the form of graphene-like carbon deposit with 2 to 5 layers of said graphene-like carbon deposit. 55. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion particulate composition characterized in that:
a) carbon deposit is obtained by a thermal chemical vapor deposition process with a gas-phase carbon source, and wherein carbon deposit content is less than 1.2 wt. % based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion; b) dimensionless ratio of sulfur impurities content relatively to carbon deposit content, both based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion, is less than 0.8%, preferably less than 0.6%, more preferably less than 0.4%, still more preferably less than 0.2%. 56. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion of any one of claims 37 to 57, wherein carbon deposit is in the form of a continuous, adherent, and uniform deposit. | 1,700 |
342,187 | 29,725,543 | 2,914 | The invention relates to a process for the preparation of carbon-deposited alkali metal oxyanion and the use thereof as cathode material in lithium secondary batteries wherein the process comprises synthesis of partially reacted alkali metal oxyanion, a wet-based nanomilling step, a drying step and a subsequent carbon deposition step performed by a thermal CND process. The invention also relates to carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion with less than 80 ppm of sulfur impurities for the preparation of a cathode of lithium secondary batteries with exceptional high-temperature electrochemical properties. | 37. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion particulate composition characterized in that:
a) carbon deposit is obtained by at least one thermal chemical vapor deposition process with a gas-phase carbon source, and wherein carbon deposit is in the form of graphene-like carbon deposit with 1 to 8 layers of said graphene-like carbon deposit; b) sulfur impurities content is less than 80 ppm, preferably less than 60 ppm, more preferably less than 40 ppm, and still more preferably less than 20 ppm, based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion. 38. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein alkali metal oxyanion median primary particle size is less than 500 nm, preferably less than 250 nm, more preferably less than 150 nm. 39. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein alkali metal oxyanion median primary particle size is between 25 and 250 nm, preferably between 50 and 150 nm, more preferably between 70 and 130 nm. 40. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 39, wherein carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion is in the form of carbon deposited spherical secondary agglomerates of alkali metal oxyanion primary particles. 41. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 40, wherein porosity of secondary agglomerates is between 5 and 40%, preferably between 10 and 35%, more preferably between 15 and 30%. 42. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 40, wherein BET of secondary agglomerates is comprised between 3 and 13 m2/g, preferably between 5 and 11 m2/g, more preferably between 5 and 9 m2/g, still more preferably between 5 and 7 m2/g. 43. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 40, wherein BET of secondary agglomerates is ≤13 m2/g, preferably less than ≤11 m2/g, more preferably between ≤9 m2/g, still more preferably between ≤7 m2/g. 44. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 40, wherein D50 of secondary agglomerates is between ≤9 m2/g, preferably less than ≤7 m2/g, more preferably between ≤5 m2/g. 45. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 40, wherein secondary agglomerates press density is comprised between 2.4 and 3 g/cm3, preferably between 2.5 and 2.9 g/cm3, more preferably between 2.6 and 2.8 g/cm3. 46. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 36 or 37, wherein water content is less than 200 ppm, preferably less than 100 ppm, more preferably less than 50 ppm, still more preferably less than 25 ppm, based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion. 47. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 46, wherein water content is less than 100 ppm, based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion. 48. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 47, wherein content of magnetic impurities is less than 300 ppb, preferably less than 200 ppb, more preferably less than 100 ppb, based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion. 49. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein conductivity is more than 5·10−2 S·cm−1, preferably more than 10−1 S·cm−1, more preferably more than 5·10−1 S·cm−1. 50. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein carbon deposit is composed of at least 99.95 wt. % of carbon, preferably at least 99.97 wt. % of carbon, more preferably at least 99.99 wt. % of carbon, based on total weight of carbon deposit. 51. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein carbon deposit content is less than 2.0 wt. %, preferably less than 1.6 wt. %, more preferably less than 1.2 wt. %, based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion. 52. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein carbon deposit content is between 0.2 and 1.2 wt. %, preferably between 0.5 and 1 wt. %, more preferably between 0.6 and 0.95 wt. %, based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion. 53. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein thickness of carbon deposit is between 0.3 and 3.7 nm, preferably between 0.8 and 2.2 nm. 54. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein carbon deposit is in the form of graphene-like carbon deposit with 2 to 5 layers of said graphene-like carbon deposit. 55. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion particulate composition characterized in that:
a) carbon deposit is obtained by a thermal chemical vapor deposition process with a gas-phase carbon source, and wherein carbon deposit content is less than 1.2 wt. % based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion; b) dimensionless ratio of sulfur impurities content relatively to carbon deposit content, both based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion, is less than 0.8%, preferably less than 0.6%, more preferably less than 0.4%, still more preferably less than 0.2%. 56. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion of any one of claims 37 to 57, wherein carbon deposit is in the form of a continuous, adherent, and uniform deposit. | The invention relates to a process for the preparation of carbon-deposited alkali metal oxyanion and the use thereof as cathode material in lithium secondary batteries wherein the process comprises synthesis of partially reacted alkali metal oxyanion, a wet-based nanomilling step, a drying step and a subsequent carbon deposition step performed by a thermal CND process. The invention also relates to carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion with less than 80 ppm of sulfur impurities for the preparation of a cathode of lithium secondary batteries with exceptional high-temperature electrochemical properties.37. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion particulate composition characterized in that:
a) carbon deposit is obtained by at least one thermal chemical vapor deposition process with a gas-phase carbon source, and wherein carbon deposit is in the form of graphene-like carbon deposit with 1 to 8 layers of said graphene-like carbon deposit; b) sulfur impurities content is less than 80 ppm, preferably less than 60 ppm, more preferably less than 40 ppm, and still more preferably less than 20 ppm, based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion. 38. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein alkali metal oxyanion median primary particle size is less than 500 nm, preferably less than 250 nm, more preferably less than 150 nm. 39. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein alkali metal oxyanion median primary particle size is between 25 and 250 nm, preferably between 50 and 150 nm, more preferably between 70 and 130 nm. 40. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 39, wherein carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion is in the form of carbon deposited spherical secondary agglomerates of alkali metal oxyanion primary particles. 41. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 40, wherein porosity of secondary agglomerates is between 5 and 40%, preferably between 10 and 35%, more preferably between 15 and 30%. 42. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 40, wherein BET of secondary agglomerates is comprised between 3 and 13 m2/g, preferably between 5 and 11 m2/g, more preferably between 5 and 9 m2/g, still more preferably between 5 and 7 m2/g. 43. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 40, wherein BET of secondary agglomerates is ≤13 m2/g, preferably less than ≤11 m2/g, more preferably between ≤9 m2/g, still more preferably between ≤7 m2/g. 44. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 40, wherein D50 of secondary agglomerates is between ≤9 m2/g, preferably less than ≤7 m2/g, more preferably between ≤5 m2/g. 45. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 40, wherein secondary agglomerates press density is comprised between 2.4 and 3 g/cm3, preferably between 2.5 and 2.9 g/cm3, more preferably between 2.6 and 2.8 g/cm3. 46. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 36 or 37, wherein water content is less than 200 ppm, preferably less than 100 ppm, more preferably less than 50 ppm, still more preferably less than 25 ppm, based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion. 47. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 46, wherein water content is less than 100 ppm, based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion. 48. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 47, wherein content of magnetic impurities is less than 300 ppb, preferably less than 200 ppb, more preferably less than 100 ppb, based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion. 49. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein conductivity is more than 5·10−2 S·cm−1, preferably more than 10−1 S·cm−1, more preferably more than 5·10−1 S·cm−1. 50. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein carbon deposit is composed of at least 99.95 wt. % of carbon, preferably at least 99.97 wt. % of carbon, more preferably at least 99.99 wt. % of carbon, based on total weight of carbon deposit. 51. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein carbon deposit content is less than 2.0 wt. %, preferably less than 1.6 wt. %, more preferably less than 1.2 wt. %, based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion. 52. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein carbon deposit content is between 0.2 and 1.2 wt. %, preferably between 0.5 and 1 wt. %, more preferably between 0.6 and 0.95 wt. %, based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion. 53. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein thickness of carbon deposit is between 0.3 and 3.7 nm, preferably between 0.8 and 2.2 nm. 54. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein carbon deposit is in the form of graphene-like carbon deposit with 2 to 5 layers of said graphene-like carbon deposit. 55. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion particulate composition characterized in that:
a) carbon deposit is obtained by a thermal chemical vapor deposition process with a gas-phase carbon source, and wherein carbon deposit content is less than 1.2 wt. % based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion; b) dimensionless ratio of sulfur impurities content relatively to carbon deposit content, both based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion, is less than 0.8%, preferably less than 0.6%, more preferably less than 0.4%, still more preferably less than 0.2%. 56. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion of any one of claims 37 to 57, wherein carbon deposit is in the form of a continuous, adherent, and uniform deposit. | 2,900 |
342,188 | 29,725,582 | 2,914 | The invention relates to a process for the preparation of carbon-deposited alkali metal oxyanion and the use thereof as cathode material in lithium secondary batteries wherein the process comprises synthesis of partially reacted alkali metal oxyanion, a wet-based nanomilling step, a drying step and a subsequent carbon deposition step performed by a thermal CND process. The invention also relates to carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion with less than 80 ppm of sulfur impurities for the preparation of a cathode of lithium secondary batteries with exceptional high-temperature electrochemical properties. | 37. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion particulate composition characterized in that:
a) carbon deposit is obtained by at least one thermal chemical vapor deposition process with a gas-phase carbon source, and wherein carbon deposit is in the form of graphene-like carbon deposit with 1 to 8 layers of said graphene-like carbon deposit; b) sulfur impurities content is less than 80 ppm, preferably less than 60 ppm, more preferably less than 40 ppm, and still more preferably less than 20 ppm, based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion. 38. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein alkali metal oxyanion median primary particle size is less than 500 nm, preferably less than 250 nm, more preferably less than 150 nm. 39. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein alkali metal oxyanion median primary particle size is between 25 and 250 nm, preferably between 50 and 150 nm, more preferably between 70 and 130 nm. 40. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 39, wherein carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion is in the form of carbon deposited spherical secondary agglomerates of alkali metal oxyanion primary particles. 41. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 40, wherein porosity of secondary agglomerates is between 5 and 40%, preferably between 10 and 35%, more preferably between 15 and 30%. 42. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 40, wherein BET of secondary agglomerates is comprised between 3 and 13 m2/g, preferably between 5 and 11 m2/g, more preferably between 5 and 9 m2/g, still more preferably between 5 and 7 m2/g. 43. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 40, wherein BET of secondary agglomerates is ≤13 m2/g, preferably less than ≤11 m2/g, more preferably between ≤9 m2/g, still more preferably between ≤7 m2/g. 44. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 40, wherein D50 of secondary agglomerates is between ≤9 m2/g, preferably less than ≤7 m2/g, more preferably between ≤5 m2/g. 45. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 40, wherein secondary agglomerates press density is comprised between 2.4 and 3 g/cm3, preferably between 2.5 and 2.9 g/cm3, more preferably between 2.6 and 2.8 g/cm3. 46. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 36 or 37, wherein water content is less than 200 ppm, preferably less than 100 ppm, more preferably less than 50 ppm, still more preferably less than 25 ppm, based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion. 47. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 46, wherein water content is less than 100 ppm, based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion. 48. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 47, wherein content of magnetic impurities is less than 300 ppb, preferably less than 200 ppb, more preferably less than 100 ppb, based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion. 49. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein conductivity is more than 5·10−2 S·cm−1, preferably more than 10−1 S·cm−1, more preferably more than 5·10−1 S·cm−1. 50. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein carbon deposit is composed of at least 99.95 wt. % of carbon, preferably at least 99.97 wt. % of carbon, more preferably at least 99.99 wt. % of carbon, based on total weight of carbon deposit. 51. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein carbon deposit content is less than 2.0 wt. %, preferably less than 1.6 wt. %, more preferably less than 1.2 wt. %, based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion. 52. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein carbon deposit content is between 0.2 and 1.2 wt. %, preferably between 0.5 and 1 wt. %, more preferably between 0.6 and 0.95 wt. %, based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion. 53. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein thickness of carbon deposit is between 0.3 and 3.7 nm, preferably between 0.8 and 2.2 nm. 54. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein carbon deposit is in the form of graphene-like carbon deposit with 2 to 5 layers of said graphene-like carbon deposit. 55. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion particulate composition characterized in that:
a) carbon deposit is obtained by a thermal chemical vapor deposition process with a gas-phase carbon source, and wherein carbon deposit content is less than 1.2 wt. % based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion; b) dimensionless ratio of sulfur impurities content relatively to carbon deposit content, both based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion, is less than 0.8%, preferably less than 0.6%, more preferably less than 0.4%, still more preferably less than 0.2%. 56. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion of any one of claims 37 to 57, wherein carbon deposit is in the form of a continuous, adherent, and uniform deposit. | The invention relates to a process for the preparation of carbon-deposited alkali metal oxyanion and the use thereof as cathode material in lithium secondary batteries wherein the process comprises synthesis of partially reacted alkali metal oxyanion, a wet-based nanomilling step, a drying step and a subsequent carbon deposition step performed by a thermal CND process. The invention also relates to carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion with less than 80 ppm of sulfur impurities for the preparation of a cathode of lithium secondary batteries with exceptional high-temperature electrochemical properties.37. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion particulate composition characterized in that:
a) carbon deposit is obtained by at least one thermal chemical vapor deposition process with a gas-phase carbon source, and wherein carbon deposit is in the form of graphene-like carbon deposit with 1 to 8 layers of said graphene-like carbon deposit; b) sulfur impurities content is less than 80 ppm, preferably less than 60 ppm, more preferably less than 40 ppm, and still more preferably less than 20 ppm, based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion. 38. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein alkali metal oxyanion median primary particle size is less than 500 nm, preferably less than 250 nm, more preferably less than 150 nm. 39. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein alkali metal oxyanion median primary particle size is between 25 and 250 nm, preferably between 50 and 150 nm, more preferably between 70 and 130 nm. 40. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 39, wherein carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion is in the form of carbon deposited spherical secondary agglomerates of alkali metal oxyanion primary particles. 41. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 40, wherein porosity of secondary agglomerates is between 5 and 40%, preferably between 10 and 35%, more preferably between 15 and 30%. 42. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 40, wherein BET of secondary agglomerates is comprised between 3 and 13 m2/g, preferably between 5 and 11 m2/g, more preferably between 5 and 9 m2/g, still more preferably between 5 and 7 m2/g. 43. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 40, wherein BET of secondary agglomerates is ≤13 m2/g, preferably less than ≤11 m2/g, more preferably between ≤9 m2/g, still more preferably between ≤7 m2/g. 44. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 40, wherein D50 of secondary agglomerates is between ≤9 m2/g, preferably less than ≤7 m2/g, more preferably between ≤5 m2/g. 45. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 40, wherein secondary agglomerates press density is comprised between 2.4 and 3 g/cm3, preferably between 2.5 and 2.9 g/cm3, more preferably between 2.6 and 2.8 g/cm3. 46. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 36 or 37, wherein water content is less than 200 ppm, preferably less than 100 ppm, more preferably less than 50 ppm, still more preferably less than 25 ppm, based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion. 47. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 46, wherein water content is less than 100 ppm, based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion. 48. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 47, wherein content of magnetic impurities is less than 300 ppb, preferably less than 200 ppb, more preferably less than 100 ppb, based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion. 49. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein conductivity is more than 5·10−2 S·cm−1, preferably more than 10−1 S·cm−1, more preferably more than 5·10−1 S·cm−1. 50. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein carbon deposit is composed of at least 99.95 wt. % of carbon, preferably at least 99.97 wt. % of carbon, more preferably at least 99.99 wt. % of carbon, based on total weight of carbon deposit. 51. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein carbon deposit content is less than 2.0 wt. %, preferably less than 1.6 wt. %, more preferably less than 1.2 wt. %, based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion. 52. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein carbon deposit content is between 0.2 and 1.2 wt. %, preferably between 0.5 and 1 wt. %, more preferably between 0.6 and 0.95 wt. %, based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion. 53. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein thickness of carbon deposit is between 0.3 and 3.7 nm, preferably between 0.8 and 2.2 nm. 54. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein carbon deposit is in the form of graphene-like carbon deposit with 2 to 5 layers of said graphene-like carbon deposit. 55. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion particulate composition characterized in that:
a) carbon deposit is obtained by a thermal chemical vapor deposition process with a gas-phase carbon source, and wherein carbon deposit content is less than 1.2 wt. % based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion; b) dimensionless ratio of sulfur impurities content relatively to carbon deposit content, both based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion, is less than 0.8%, preferably less than 0.6%, more preferably less than 0.4%, still more preferably less than 0.2%. 56. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion of any one of claims 37 to 57, wherein carbon deposit is in the form of a continuous, adherent, and uniform deposit. | 2,900 |
342,189 | 16,802,553 | 3,691 | The invention relates to a process for the preparation of carbon-deposited alkali metal oxyanion and the use thereof as cathode material in lithium secondary batteries wherein the process comprises synthesis of partially reacted alkali metal oxyanion, a wet-based nanomilling step, a drying step and a subsequent carbon deposition step performed by a thermal CND process. The invention also relates to carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion with less than 80 ppm of sulfur impurities for the preparation of a cathode of lithium secondary batteries with exceptional high-temperature electrochemical properties. | 37. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion particulate composition characterized in that:
a) carbon deposit is obtained by at least one thermal chemical vapor deposition process with a gas-phase carbon source, and wherein carbon deposit is in the form of graphene-like carbon deposit with 1 to 8 layers of said graphene-like carbon deposit; b) sulfur impurities content is less than 80 ppm, preferably less than 60 ppm, more preferably less than 40 ppm, and still more preferably less than 20 ppm, based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion. 38. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein alkali metal oxyanion median primary particle size is less than 500 nm, preferably less than 250 nm, more preferably less than 150 nm. 39. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein alkali metal oxyanion median primary particle size is between 25 and 250 nm, preferably between 50 and 150 nm, more preferably between 70 and 130 nm. 40. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 39, wherein carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion is in the form of carbon deposited spherical secondary agglomerates of alkali metal oxyanion primary particles. 41. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 40, wherein porosity of secondary agglomerates is between 5 and 40%, preferably between 10 and 35%, more preferably between 15 and 30%. 42. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 40, wherein BET of secondary agglomerates is comprised between 3 and 13 m2/g, preferably between 5 and 11 m2/g, more preferably between 5 and 9 m2/g, still more preferably between 5 and 7 m2/g. 43. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 40, wherein BET of secondary agglomerates is ≤13 m2/g, preferably less than ≤11 m2/g, more preferably between ≤9 m2/g, still more preferably between ≤7 m2/g. 44. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 40, wherein D50 of secondary agglomerates is between ≤9 m2/g, preferably less than ≤7 m2/g, more preferably between ≤5 m2/g. 45. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 40, wherein secondary agglomerates press density is comprised between 2.4 and 3 g/cm3, preferably between 2.5 and 2.9 g/cm3, more preferably between 2.6 and 2.8 g/cm3. 46. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 36 or 37, wherein water content is less than 200 ppm, preferably less than 100 ppm, more preferably less than 50 ppm, still more preferably less than 25 ppm, based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion. 47. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 46, wherein water content is less than 100 ppm, based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion. 48. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 47, wherein content of magnetic impurities is less than 300 ppb, preferably less than 200 ppb, more preferably less than 100 ppb, based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion. 49. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein conductivity is more than 5·10−2 S·cm−1, preferably more than 10−1 S·cm−1, more preferably more than 5·10−1 S·cm−1. 50. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein carbon deposit is composed of at least 99.95 wt. % of carbon, preferably at least 99.97 wt. % of carbon, more preferably at least 99.99 wt. % of carbon, based on total weight of carbon deposit. 51. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein carbon deposit content is less than 2.0 wt. %, preferably less than 1.6 wt. %, more preferably less than 1.2 wt. %, based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion. 52. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein carbon deposit content is between 0.2 and 1.2 wt. %, preferably between 0.5 and 1 wt. %, more preferably between 0.6 and 0.95 wt. %, based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion. 53. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein thickness of carbon deposit is between 0.3 and 3.7 nm, preferably between 0.8 and 2.2 nm. 54. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein carbon deposit is in the form of graphene-like carbon deposit with 2 to 5 layers of said graphene-like carbon deposit. 55. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion particulate composition characterized in that:
a) carbon deposit is obtained by a thermal chemical vapor deposition process with a gas-phase carbon source, and wherein carbon deposit content is less than 1.2 wt. % based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion; b) dimensionless ratio of sulfur impurities content relatively to carbon deposit content, both based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion, is less than 0.8%, preferably less than 0.6%, more preferably less than 0.4%, still more preferably less than 0.2%. 56. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion of any one of claims 37 to 57, wherein carbon deposit is in the form of a continuous, adherent, and uniform deposit. | The invention relates to a process for the preparation of carbon-deposited alkali metal oxyanion and the use thereof as cathode material in lithium secondary batteries wherein the process comprises synthesis of partially reacted alkali metal oxyanion, a wet-based nanomilling step, a drying step and a subsequent carbon deposition step performed by a thermal CND process. The invention also relates to carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion with less than 80 ppm of sulfur impurities for the preparation of a cathode of lithium secondary batteries with exceptional high-temperature electrochemical properties.37. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion particulate composition characterized in that:
a) carbon deposit is obtained by at least one thermal chemical vapor deposition process with a gas-phase carbon source, and wherein carbon deposit is in the form of graphene-like carbon deposit with 1 to 8 layers of said graphene-like carbon deposit; b) sulfur impurities content is less than 80 ppm, preferably less than 60 ppm, more preferably less than 40 ppm, and still more preferably less than 20 ppm, based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion. 38. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein alkali metal oxyanion median primary particle size is less than 500 nm, preferably less than 250 nm, more preferably less than 150 nm. 39. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein alkali metal oxyanion median primary particle size is between 25 and 250 nm, preferably between 50 and 150 nm, more preferably between 70 and 130 nm. 40. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 39, wherein carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion is in the form of carbon deposited spherical secondary agglomerates of alkali metal oxyanion primary particles. 41. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 40, wherein porosity of secondary agglomerates is between 5 and 40%, preferably between 10 and 35%, more preferably between 15 and 30%. 42. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 40, wherein BET of secondary agglomerates is comprised between 3 and 13 m2/g, preferably between 5 and 11 m2/g, more preferably between 5 and 9 m2/g, still more preferably between 5 and 7 m2/g. 43. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 40, wherein BET of secondary agglomerates is ≤13 m2/g, preferably less than ≤11 m2/g, more preferably between ≤9 m2/g, still more preferably between ≤7 m2/g. 44. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 40, wherein D50 of secondary agglomerates is between ≤9 m2/g, preferably less than ≤7 m2/g, more preferably between ≤5 m2/g. 45. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 40, wherein secondary agglomerates press density is comprised between 2.4 and 3 g/cm3, preferably between 2.5 and 2.9 g/cm3, more preferably between 2.6 and 2.8 g/cm3. 46. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 36 or 37, wherein water content is less than 200 ppm, preferably less than 100 ppm, more preferably less than 50 ppm, still more preferably less than 25 ppm, based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion. 47. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 46, wherein water content is less than 100 ppm, based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion. 48. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 47, wherein content of magnetic impurities is less than 300 ppb, preferably less than 200 ppb, more preferably less than 100 ppb, based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion. 49. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein conductivity is more than 5·10−2 S·cm−1, preferably more than 10−1 S·cm−1, more preferably more than 5·10−1 S·cm−1. 50. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein carbon deposit is composed of at least 99.95 wt. % of carbon, preferably at least 99.97 wt. % of carbon, more preferably at least 99.99 wt. % of carbon, based on total weight of carbon deposit. 51. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein carbon deposit content is less than 2.0 wt. %, preferably less than 1.6 wt. %, more preferably less than 1.2 wt. %, based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion. 52. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein carbon deposit content is between 0.2 and 1.2 wt. %, preferably between 0.5 and 1 wt. %, more preferably between 0.6 and 0.95 wt. %, based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion. 53. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein thickness of carbon deposit is between 0.3 and 3.7 nm, preferably between 0.8 and 2.2 nm. 54. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein carbon deposit is in the form of graphene-like carbon deposit with 2 to 5 layers of said graphene-like carbon deposit. 55. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion particulate composition characterized in that:
a) carbon deposit is obtained by a thermal chemical vapor deposition process with a gas-phase carbon source, and wherein carbon deposit content is less than 1.2 wt. % based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion; b) dimensionless ratio of sulfur impurities content relatively to carbon deposit content, both based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion, is less than 0.8%, preferably less than 0.6%, more preferably less than 0.4%, still more preferably less than 0.2%. 56. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion of any one of claims 37 to 57, wherein carbon deposit is in the form of a continuous, adherent, and uniform deposit. | 3,600 |
342,190 | 29,725,587 | 3,691 | The invention relates to a process for the preparation of carbon-deposited alkali metal oxyanion and the use thereof as cathode material in lithium secondary batteries wherein the process comprises synthesis of partially reacted alkali metal oxyanion, a wet-based nanomilling step, a drying step and a subsequent carbon deposition step performed by a thermal CND process. The invention also relates to carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion with less than 80 ppm of sulfur impurities for the preparation of a cathode of lithium secondary batteries with exceptional high-temperature electrochemical properties. | 37. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion particulate composition characterized in that:
a) carbon deposit is obtained by at least one thermal chemical vapor deposition process with a gas-phase carbon source, and wherein carbon deposit is in the form of graphene-like carbon deposit with 1 to 8 layers of said graphene-like carbon deposit; b) sulfur impurities content is less than 80 ppm, preferably less than 60 ppm, more preferably less than 40 ppm, and still more preferably less than 20 ppm, based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion. 38. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein alkali metal oxyanion median primary particle size is less than 500 nm, preferably less than 250 nm, more preferably less than 150 nm. 39. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein alkali metal oxyanion median primary particle size is between 25 and 250 nm, preferably between 50 and 150 nm, more preferably between 70 and 130 nm. 40. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 39, wherein carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion is in the form of carbon deposited spherical secondary agglomerates of alkali metal oxyanion primary particles. 41. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 40, wherein porosity of secondary agglomerates is between 5 and 40%, preferably between 10 and 35%, more preferably between 15 and 30%. 42. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 40, wherein BET of secondary agglomerates is comprised between 3 and 13 m2/g, preferably between 5 and 11 m2/g, more preferably between 5 and 9 m2/g, still more preferably between 5 and 7 m2/g. 43. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 40, wherein BET of secondary agglomerates is ≤13 m2/g, preferably less than ≤11 m2/g, more preferably between ≤9 m2/g, still more preferably between ≤7 m2/g. 44. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 40, wherein D50 of secondary agglomerates is between ≤9 m2/g, preferably less than ≤7 m2/g, more preferably between ≤5 m2/g. 45. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 40, wherein secondary agglomerates press density is comprised between 2.4 and 3 g/cm3, preferably between 2.5 and 2.9 g/cm3, more preferably between 2.6 and 2.8 g/cm3. 46. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 36 or 37, wherein water content is less than 200 ppm, preferably less than 100 ppm, more preferably less than 50 ppm, still more preferably less than 25 ppm, based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion. 47. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 46, wherein water content is less than 100 ppm, based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion. 48. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 47, wherein content of magnetic impurities is less than 300 ppb, preferably less than 200 ppb, more preferably less than 100 ppb, based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion. 49. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein conductivity is more than 5·10−2 S·cm−1, preferably more than 10−1 S·cm−1, more preferably more than 5·10−1 S·cm−1. 50. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein carbon deposit is composed of at least 99.95 wt. % of carbon, preferably at least 99.97 wt. % of carbon, more preferably at least 99.99 wt. % of carbon, based on total weight of carbon deposit. 51. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein carbon deposit content is less than 2.0 wt. %, preferably less than 1.6 wt. %, more preferably less than 1.2 wt. %, based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion. 52. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein carbon deposit content is between 0.2 and 1.2 wt. %, preferably between 0.5 and 1 wt. %, more preferably between 0.6 and 0.95 wt. %, based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion. 53. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein thickness of carbon deposit is between 0.3 and 3.7 nm, preferably between 0.8 and 2.2 nm. 54. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein carbon deposit is in the form of graphene-like carbon deposit with 2 to 5 layers of said graphene-like carbon deposit. 55. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion particulate composition characterized in that:
a) carbon deposit is obtained by a thermal chemical vapor deposition process with a gas-phase carbon source, and wherein carbon deposit content is less than 1.2 wt. % based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion; b) dimensionless ratio of sulfur impurities content relatively to carbon deposit content, both based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion, is less than 0.8%, preferably less than 0.6%, more preferably less than 0.4%, still more preferably less than 0.2%. 56. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion of any one of claims 37 to 57, wherein carbon deposit is in the form of a continuous, adherent, and uniform deposit. | The invention relates to a process for the preparation of carbon-deposited alkali metal oxyanion and the use thereof as cathode material in lithium secondary batteries wherein the process comprises synthesis of partially reacted alkali metal oxyanion, a wet-based nanomilling step, a drying step and a subsequent carbon deposition step performed by a thermal CND process. The invention also relates to carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion with less than 80 ppm of sulfur impurities for the preparation of a cathode of lithium secondary batteries with exceptional high-temperature electrochemical properties.37. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion particulate composition characterized in that:
a) carbon deposit is obtained by at least one thermal chemical vapor deposition process with a gas-phase carbon source, and wherein carbon deposit is in the form of graphene-like carbon deposit with 1 to 8 layers of said graphene-like carbon deposit; b) sulfur impurities content is less than 80 ppm, preferably less than 60 ppm, more preferably less than 40 ppm, and still more preferably less than 20 ppm, based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion. 38. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein alkali metal oxyanion median primary particle size is less than 500 nm, preferably less than 250 nm, more preferably less than 150 nm. 39. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein alkali metal oxyanion median primary particle size is between 25 and 250 nm, preferably between 50 and 150 nm, more preferably between 70 and 130 nm. 40. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 39, wherein carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion is in the form of carbon deposited spherical secondary agglomerates of alkali metal oxyanion primary particles. 41. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 40, wherein porosity of secondary agglomerates is between 5 and 40%, preferably between 10 and 35%, more preferably between 15 and 30%. 42. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 40, wherein BET of secondary agglomerates is comprised between 3 and 13 m2/g, preferably between 5 and 11 m2/g, more preferably between 5 and 9 m2/g, still more preferably between 5 and 7 m2/g. 43. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 40, wherein BET of secondary agglomerates is ≤13 m2/g, preferably less than ≤11 m2/g, more preferably between ≤9 m2/g, still more preferably between ≤7 m2/g. 44. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 40, wherein D50 of secondary agglomerates is between ≤9 m2/g, preferably less than ≤7 m2/g, more preferably between ≤5 m2/g. 45. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 40, wherein secondary agglomerates press density is comprised between 2.4 and 3 g/cm3, preferably between 2.5 and 2.9 g/cm3, more preferably between 2.6 and 2.8 g/cm3. 46. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 36 or 37, wherein water content is less than 200 ppm, preferably less than 100 ppm, more preferably less than 50 ppm, still more preferably less than 25 ppm, based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion. 47. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 46, wherein water content is less than 100 ppm, based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion. 48. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 47, wherein content of magnetic impurities is less than 300 ppb, preferably less than 200 ppb, more preferably less than 100 ppb, based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion. 49. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein conductivity is more than 5·10−2 S·cm−1, preferably more than 10−1 S·cm−1, more preferably more than 5·10−1 S·cm−1. 50. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein carbon deposit is composed of at least 99.95 wt. % of carbon, preferably at least 99.97 wt. % of carbon, more preferably at least 99.99 wt. % of carbon, based on total weight of carbon deposit. 51. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein carbon deposit content is less than 2.0 wt. %, preferably less than 1.6 wt. %, more preferably less than 1.2 wt. %, based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion. 52. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein carbon deposit content is between 0.2 and 1.2 wt. %, preferably between 0.5 and 1 wt. %, more preferably between 0.6 and 0.95 wt. %, based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion. 53. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein thickness of carbon deposit is between 0.3 and 3.7 nm, preferably between 0.8 and 2.2 nm. 54. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein carbon deposit is in the form of graphene-like carbon deposit with 2 to 5 layers of said graphene-like carbon deposit. 55. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion particulate composition characterized in that:
a) carbon deposit is obtained by a thermal chemical vapor deposition process with a gas-phase carbon source, and wherein carbon deposit content is less than 1.2 wt. % based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion; b) dimensionless ratio of sulfur impurities content relatively to carbon deposit content, both based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion, is less than 0.8%, preferably less than 0.6%, more preferably less than 0.4%, still more preferably less than 0.2%. 56. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion of any one of claims 37 to 57, wherein carbon deposit is in the form of a continuous, adherent, and uniform deposit. | 3,600 |
342,191 | 16,802,542 | 3,691 | The invention relates to a process for the preparation of carbon-deposited alkali metal oxyanion and the use thereof as cathode material in lithium secondary batteries wherein the process comprises synthesis of partially reacted alkali metal oxyanion, a wet-based nanomilling step, a drying step and a subsequent carbon deposition step performed by a thermal CND process. The invention also relates to carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion with less than 80 ppm of sulfur impurities for the preparation of a cathode of lithium secondary batteries with exceptional high-temperature electrochemical properties. | 37. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion particulate composition characterized in that:
a) carbon deposit is obtained by at least one thermal chemical vapor deposition process with a gas-phase carbon source, and wherein carbon deposit is in the form of graphene-like carbon deposit with 1 to 8 layers of said graphene-like carbon deposit; b) sulfur impurities content is less than 80 ppm, preferably less than 60 ppm, more preferably less than 40 ppm, and still more preferably less than 20 ppm, based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion. 38. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein alkali metal oxyanion median primary particle size is less than 500 nm, preferably less than 250 nm, more preferably less than 150 nm. 39. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein alkali metal oxyanion median primary particle size is between 25 and 250 nm, preferably between 50 and 150 nm, more preferably between 70 and 130 nm. 40. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 39, wherein carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion is in the form of carbon deposited spherical secondary agglomerates of alkali metal oxyanion primary particles. 41. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 40, wherein porosity of secondary agglomerates is between 5 and 40%, preferably between 10 and 35%, more preferably between 15 and 30%. 42. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 40, wherein BET of secondary agglomerates is comprised between 3 and 13 m2/g, preferably between 5 and 11 m2/g, more preferably between 5 and 9 m2/g, still more preferably between 5 and 7 m2/g. 43. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 40, wherein BET of secondary agglomerates is ≤13 m2/g, preferably less than ≤11 m2/g, more preferably between ≤9 m2/g, still more preferably between ≤7 m2/g. 44. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 40, wherein D50 of secondary agglomerates is between ≤9 m2/g, preferably less than ≤7 m2/g, more preferably between ≤5 m2/g. 45. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 40, wherein secondary agglomerates press density is comprised between 2.4 and 3 g/cm3, preferably between 2.5 and 2.9 g/cm3, more preferably between 2.6 and 2.8 g/cm3. 46. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 36 or 37, wherein water content is less than 200 ppm, preferably less than 100 ppm, more preferably less than 50 ppm, still more preferably less than 25 ppm, based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion. 47. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 46, wherein water content is less than 100 ppm, based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion. 48. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 47, wherein content of magnetic impurities is less than 300 ppb, preferably less than 200 ppb, more preferably less than 100 ppb, based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion. 49. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein conductivity is more than 5·10−2 S·cm−1, preferably more than 10−1 S·cm−1, more preferably more than 5·10−1 S·cm−1. 50. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein carbon deposit is composed of at least 99.95 wt. % of carbon, preferably at least 99.97 wt. % of carbon, more preferably at least 99.99 wt. % of carbon, based on total weight of carbon deposit. 51. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein carbon deposit content is less than 2.0 wt. %, preferably less than 1.6 wt. %, more preferably less than 1.2 wt. %, based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion. 52. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein carbon deposit content is between 0.2 and 1.2 wt. %, preferably between 0.5 and 1 wt. %, more preferably between 0.6 and 0.95 wt. %, based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion. 53. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein thickness of carbon deposit is between 0.3 and 3.7 nm, preferably between 0.8 and 2.2 nm. 54. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein carbon deposit is in the form of graphene-like carbon deposit with 2 to 5 layers of said graphene-like carbon deposit. 55. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion particulate composition characterized in that:
a) carbon deposit is obtained by a thermal chemical vapor deposition process with a gas-phase carbon source, and wherein carbon deposit content is less than 1.2 wt. % based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion; b) dimensionless ratio of sulfur impurities content relatively to carbon deposit content, both based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion, is less than 0.8%, preferably less than 0.6%, more preferably less than 0.4%, still more preferably less than 0.2%. 56. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion of any one of claims 37 to 57, wherein carbon deposit is in the form of a continuous, adherent, and uniform deposit. | The invention relates to a process for the preparation of carbon-deposited alkali metal oxyanion and the use thereof as cathode material in lithium secondary batteries wherein the process comprises synthesis of partially reacted alkali metal oxyanion, a wet-based nanomilling step, a drying step and a subsequent carbon deposition step performed by a thermal CND process. The invention also relates to carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion with less than 80 ppm of sulfur impurities for the preparation of a cathode of lithium secondary batteries with exceptional high-temperature electrochemical properties.37. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion particulate composition characterized in that:
a) carbon deposit is obtained by at least one thermal chemical vapor deposition process with a gas-phase carbon source, and wherein carbon deposit is in the form of graphene-like carbon deposit with 1 to 8 layers of said graphene-like carbon deposit; b) sulfur impurities content is less than 80 ppm, preferably less than 60 ppm, more preferably less than 40 ppm, and still more preferably less than 20 ppm, based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion. 38. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein alkali metal oxyanion median primary particle size is less than 500 nm, preferably less than 250 nm, more preferably less than 150 nm. 39. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein alkali metal oxyanion median primary particle size is between 25 and 250 nm, preferably between 50 and 150 nm, more preferably between 70 and 130 nm. 40. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 39, wherein carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion is in the form of carbon deposited spherical secondary agglomerates of alkali metal oxyanion primary particles. 41. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 40, wherein porosity of secondary agglomerates is between 5 and 40%, preferably between 10 and 35%, more preferably between 15 and 30%. 42. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 40, wherein BET of secondary agglomerates is comprised between 3 and 13 m2/g, preferably between 5 and 11 m2/g, more preferably between 5 and 9 m2/g, still more preferably between 5 and 7 m2/g. 43. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 40, wherein BET of secondary agglomerates is ≤13 m2/g, preferably less than ≤11 m2/g, more preferably between ≤9 m2/g, still more preferably between ≤7 m2/g. 44. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 40, wherein D50 of secondary agglomerates is between ≤9 m2/g, preferably less than ≤7 m2/g, more preferably between ≤5 m2/g. 45. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 40, wherein secondary agglomerates press density is comprised between 2.4 and 3 g/cm3, preferably between 2.5 and 2.9 g/cm3, more preferably between 2.6 and 2.8 g/cm3. 46. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 36 or 37, wherein water content is less than 200 ppm, preferably less than 100 ppm, more preferably less than 50 ppm, still more preferably less than 25 ppm, based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion. 47. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 46, wherein water content is less than 100 ppm, based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion. 48. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 47, wherein content of magnetic impurities is less than 300 ppb, preferably less than 200 ppb, more preferably less than 100 ppb, based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion. 49. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein conductivity is more than 5·10−2 S·cm−1, preferably more than 10−1 S·cm−1, more preferably more than 5·10−1 S·cm−1. 50. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein carbon deposit is composed of at least 99.95 wt. % of carbon, preferably at least 99.97 wt. % of carbon, more preferably at least 99.99 wt. % of carbon, based on total weight of carbon deposit. 51. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein carbon deposit content is less than 2.0 wt. %, preferably less than 1.6 wt. %, more preferably less than 1.2 wt. %, based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion. 52. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein carbon deposit content is between 0.2 and 1.2 wt. %, preferably between 0.5 and 1 wt. %, more preferably between 0.6 and 0.95 wt. %, based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion. 53. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein thickness of carbon deposit is between 0.3 and 3.7 nm, preferably between 0.8 and 2.2 nm. 54. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion according to claim 37, wherein carbon deposit is in the form of graphene-like carbon deposit with 2 to 5 layers of said graphene-like carbon deposit. 55. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion particulate composition characterized in that:
a) carbon deposit is obtained by a thermal chemical vapor deposition process with a gas-phase carbon source, and wherein carbon deposit content is less than 1.2 wt. % based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion; b) dimensionless ratio of sulfur impurities content relatively to carbon deposit content, both based on total weight of carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion, is less than 0.8%, preferably less than 0.6%, more preferably less than 0.4%, still more preferably less than 0.2%. 56. Carbon deposited alkali metal oxyanion of any one of claims 37 to 57, wherein carbon deposit is in the form of a continuous, adherent, and uniform deposit. | 3,600 |
342,192 | 16,802,538 | 3,691 | A system and method are presented for adaptive skill level assignments of agents in contact center environments. A client and a service collaborate to automatically determine the effectiveness of an agent handling an interaction that has been routed using skills-based routing. Evaluation operations may be performed including emotion detection, transcription of audio to text, keyword analysis, and sentiment analysis. The results of the evaluation are aggregated with other information such as the interaction's duration, agent skills and agent skill levels, and call requirement skills and skill levels, to update the agent's profile which is then used for subsequent routing operations. | 1. A method for automatically adjusting skill level assignments of agents in a contact center environment comprising the steps of:
obtaining a plurality of recordings corresponding to a plurality of interactions corresponding to an agent of the contact center environment from a recording system associated with the contact center; invoking a client, by the recording system, and providing metadata describing each of the plurality of interactions to the client; invoking, by the client, a service for evaluation of handling of an interaction by the agent, wherein the client provides the metadata to the service; performing, by the service, a number of evaluation operations on the audio of each of the plurality of recordings, wherein the number of evaluation operations comprise:
emotion detection;
segmentation of the audio into a plurality of segments;
speech recognition of each of the plurality of segments;
keyword recognition on each of the plurality of segments; and
sentiment analysis;
providing the results of the evaluation operations, metadata, and interaction duration to a neural network where the neural network determines effectiveness of the agent on handling each of the plurality of interactions; and updating the skill level assignments of the agent based on the effectiveness determination. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the metadata comprises at least one of: interaction identifier, duration of interaction, participants to the interaction, agent skills, skill level requirements, and interaction segments. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the audio comprises two channels. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the two channels are comprised of one channel containing the customer audio and one channel comprising the agent audio. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the emotion detection determines the emotion experienced by the customer and the emotion experienced by the agent during the progress of an interaction. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the segments are a defined interval of time in length. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the sentiment analysis analyzes the agent and the customer during interaction progression. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the effectiveness comprises comparing the agent against other interactions with similar skill requirements and other agents with similar skill levels and skills. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the updating comprises incrementing a skill level of the agent. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the updating comprises decrementing a skill level of the agent. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the updating comprises leaving a skill level at an existing value. 12. A system for automatically adjusting skill level assignments of agents in a contact center environment comprising:
a processor; and a memory in communication with the processor, the memory storing instructions that, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to:
obtain a plurality of recordings corresponding to a plurality of interactions corresponding to an agent of the contact center environment from a recording system associated with the contact center;
invoke a client and providing metadata describing each of the plurality of interactions to the client;
invoke a service for evaluation of handling of an interaction by the agent, wherein the client provides the metadata to the service;
perform a number of evaluation operations on the audio of each of the plurality of recordings, wherein the number of evaluation operations comprise:
emotion detection;
segmentation of the audio into a plurality of segments;
speech recognition of each of the plurality of segments;
keyword recognition on each of the plurality of segments; and
sentiment analysis;
provide the results of the evaluation operations, metadata, and interaction duration to a neural network where the neural network determines effectiveness of the agent on handling each of the plurality of interactions; and update the skill level assignments of the agent based on the effectiveness determination. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the metadata comprises at least one of: interaction identifier, duration of interaction, participants to the interaction, agent skills, skill level requirements, and interaction segments. 14. The system of claim 12, wherein the audio comprises two channels, which are comprised of a customer audio channel and an agent audio channel 15. The system of claim 12, wherein the emotion detection determines the emotion experienced by the customer and the emotion experienced by the agent during the progress of an interaction. 16. The system of claim 12, wherein the sentiment analysis analyzes the agent and the customer during interaction progression. 17. The system of claim 12, wherein the effectiveness comprises comparing the agent against other interactions with similar skill requirements and other agents with similar skill levels and skills. 18. The system of claim 12, wherein the updating comprises incrementing a skill level of the agent. 19. The system of claim 12, wherein the updating comprises decrementing a skill level of the agent. 20. The system of claim 12, wherein the updating comprises leaving a skill level at an existing value. | A system and method are presented for adaptive skill level assignments of agents in contact center environments. A client and a service collaborate to automatically determine the effectiveness of an agent handling an interaction that has been routed using skills-based routing. Evaluation operations may be performed including emotion detection, transcription of audio to text, keyword analysis, and sentiment analysis. The results of the evaluation are aggregated with other information such as the interaction's duration, agent skills and agent skill levels, and call requirement skills and skill levels, to update the agent's profile which is then used for subsequent routing operations.1. A method for automatically adjusting skill level assignments of agents in a contact center environment comprising the steps of:
obtaining a plurality of recordings corresponding to a plurality of interactions corresponding to an agent of the contact center environment from a recording system associated with the contact center; invoking a client, by the recording system, and providing metadata describing each of the plurality of interactions to the client; invoking, by the client, a service for evaluation of handling of an interaction by the agent, wherein the client provides the metadata to the service; performing, by the service, a number of evaluation operations on the audio of each of the plurality of recordings, wherein the number of evaluation operations comprise:
emotion detection;
segmentation of the audio into a plurality of segments;
speech recognition of each of the plurality of segments;
keyword recognition on each of the plurality of segments; and
sentiment analysis;
providing the results of the evaluation operations, metadata, and interaction duration to a neural network where the neural network determines effectiveness of the agent on handling each of the plurality of interactions; and updating the skill level assignments of the agent based on the effectiveness determination. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the metadata comprises at least one of: interaction identifier, duration of interaction, participants to the interaction, agent skills, skill level requirements, and interaction segments. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the audio comprises two channels. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the two channels are comprised of one channel containing the customer audio and one channel comprising the agent audio. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the emotion detection determines the emotion experienced by the customer and the emotion experienced by the agent during the progress of an interaction. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the segments are a defined interval of time in length. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the sentiment analysis analyzes the agent and the customer during interaction progression. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the effectiveness comprises comparing the agent against other interactions with similar skill requirements and other agents with similar skill levels and skills. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the updating comprises incrementing a skill level of the agent. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the updating comprises decrementing a skill level of the agent. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the updating comprises leaving a skill level at an existing value. 12. A system for automatically adjusting skill level assignments of agents in a contact center environment comprising:
a processor; and a memory in communication with the processor, the memory storing instructions that, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to:
obtain a plurality of recordings corresponding to a plurality of interactions corresponding to an agent of the contact center environment from a recording system associated with the contact center;
invoke a client and providing metadata describing each of the plurality of interactions to the client;
invoke a service for evaluation of handling of an interaction by the agent, wherein the client provides the metadata to the service;
perform a number of evaluation operations on the audio of each of the plurality of recordings, wherein the number of evaluation operations comprise:
emotion detection;
segmentation of the audio into a plurality of segments;
speech recognition of each of the plurality of segments;
keyword recognition on each of the plurality of segments; and
sentiment analysis;
provide the results of the evaluation operations, metadata, and interaction duration to a neural network where the neural network determines effectiveness of the agent on handling each of the plurality of interactions; and update the skill level assignments of the agent based on the effectiveness determination. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the metadata comprises at least one of: interaction identifier, duration of interaction, participants to the interaction, agent skills, skill level requirements, and interaction segments. 14. The system of claim 12, wherein the audio comprises two channels, which are comprised of a customer audio channel and an agent audio channel 15. The system of claim 12, wherein the emotion detection determines the emotion experienced by the customer and the emotion experienced by the agent during the progress of an interaction. 16. The system of claim 12, wherein the sentiment analysis analyzes the agent and the customer during interaction progression. 17. The system of claim 12, wherein the effectiveness comprises comparing the agent against other interactions with similar skill requirements and other agents with similar skill levels and skills. 18. The system of claim 12, wherein the updating comprises incrementing a skill level of the agent. 19. The system of claim 12, wherein the updating comprises decrementing a skill level of the agent. 20. The system of claim 12, wherein the updating comprises leaving a skill level at an existing value. | 3,600 |
342,193 | 16,802,531 | 3,691 | A voltage converting apparatus is provided. A control circuit connects a disturbance element to a voltage-dividing resistor network to disturb a feedback voltage and generate a detection voltage during a resistance detection period, and determines whether the voltage-dividing resistor network is aging according to the detection voltage. | 1. A voltage converting apparatus, comprising:
a transformer circuit comprising a primary-side coil and a secondary-side coil; a feedback circuit comprising a voltage-dividing resistor network, wherein the feedback circuit generates a feedback voltage through the voltage-dividing resistor network in response to an output of the secondary-side coil; a first switch coupled to the transformer circuit; and a control circuit coupled to the first switch and the feedback circuit and switching an operation state of the first switch according to the feedback voltage to control an output of the transformer circuit, wherein the control circuit further comprises a disturbance element, and the control circuit connects the disturbance element to the voltage-dividing resistor network to disturb the feedback voltage and generate a detection voltage during a resistance detection period, wherein the resistance detection period falls within an off period of the first switch, and wherein the control circuit determines whether the voltage-dividing resistor network is aging according to the detection voltage. 2. The voltage converting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the control circuit determines whether the detection voltage falls within a preset voltage range, and if the detection voltage falls within the preset voltage range, the control circuit determines that the voltage-dividing resistor network is not aging. 3. The voltage converting apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the preset voltage range is determined according to the detection voltage generated by the control circuit disturbing the feedback voltage for a first time. 4. The voltage converting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the control circuit further comprises:
a second switch coupled between an output terminal of the voltage-dividing resistor network and the disturbance element, wherein the second switch is controlled by the control circuit and is turned on during the resistance detection period. 5. The voltage converting apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the disturbance element comprises:
a resistor coupled between the second switch and a ground. 6. The voltage converting apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the control circuit further comprises:
a DC voltage source coupled between the resistor and the ground. 7. The voltage converting apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the feedback circuit further comprises:
a voltage source providing a voltage in response to the output of the secondary-side coil, wherein the voltage-dividing resistor network divides the voltage to generate the feedback voltage. 8. The voltage converting apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the voltage-dividing resistor network comprises:
a first resistor; and a second resistor, wherein the second resistor and the first resistor are coupled between the voltage source and a ground, and the first resistor and the second resistor divide the voltage and output the feedback voltage at a common junction of the first resistor and the second resistor. 9. The voltage converting apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the voltage source is an auxiliary coil. 10. The voltage converting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the control circuit further comprises:
a sampling circuit coupled to the feedback circuit and sampling the feedback voltage and the detection voltage to generate a sampled feedback voltage and a sampled detection voltage correspondingly; a comparator whose positive and negative input terminals are respectively coupled to a reference voltage and the sampling circuit, wherein the comparator compares the sampled feedback voltage with the reference voltage to generate a comparison signal; and a driving control circuit coupled to an output terminal of the comparator and a control terminal of the first switch, switching a conduction state of the first switch according to the comparison signal, and further determining whether the voltage-dividing resistor network is aging according to the comparison signal. | A voltage converting apparatus is provided. A control circuit connects a disturbance element to a voltage-dividing resistor network to disturb a feedback voltage and generate a detection voltage during a resistance detection period, and determines whether the voltage-dividing resistor network is aging according to the detection voltage.1. A voltage converting apparatus, comprising:
a transformer circuit comprising a primary-side coil and a secondary-side coil; a feedback circuit comprising a voltage-dividing resistor network, wherein the feedback circuit generates a feedback voltage through the voltage-dividing resistor network in response to an output of the secondary-side coil; a first switch coupled to the transformer circuit; and a control circuit coupled to the first switch and the feedback circuit and switching an operation state of the first switch according to the feedback voltage to control an output of the transformer circuit, wherein the control circuit further comprises a disturbance element, and the control circuit connects the disturbance element to the voltage-dividing resistor network to disturb the feedback voltage and generate a detection voltage during a resistance detection period, wherein the resistance detection period falls within an off period of the first switch, and wherein the control circuit determines whether the voltage-dividing resistor network is aging according to the detection voltage. 2. The voltage converting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the control circuit determines whether the detection voltage falls within a preset voltage range, and if the detection voltage falls within the preset voltage range, the control circuit determines that the voltage-dividing resistor network is not aging. 3. The voltage converting apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the preset voltage range is determined according to the detection voltage generated by the control circuit disturbing the feedback voltage for a first time. 4. The voltage converting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the control circuit further comprises:
a second switch coupled between an output terminal of the voltage-dividing resistor network and the disturbance element, wherein the second switch is controlled by the control circuit and is turned on during the resistance detection period. 5. The voltage converting apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the disturbance element comprises:
a resistor coupled between the second switch and a ground. 6. The voltage converting apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the control circuit further comprises:
a DC voltage source coupled between the resistor and the ground. 7. The voltage converting apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the feedback circuit further comprises:
a voltage source providing a voltage in response to the output of the secondary-side coil, wherein the voltage-dividing resistor network divides the voltage to generate the feedback voltage. 8. The voltage converting apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the voltage-dividing resistor network comprises:
a first resistor; and a second resistor, wherein the second resistor and the first resistor are coupled between the voltage source and a ground, and the first resistor and the second resistor divide the voltage and output the feedback voltage at a common junction of the first resistor and the second resistor. 9. The voltage converting apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the voltage source is an auxiliary coil. 10. The voltage converting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the control circuit further comprises:
a sampling circuit coupled to the feedback circuit and sampling the feedback voltage and the detection voltage to generate a sampled feedback voltage and a sampled detection voltage correspondingly; a comparator whose positive and negative input terminals are respectively coupled to a reference voltage and the sampling circuit, wherein the comparator compares the sampled feedback voltage with the reference voltage to generate a comparison signal; and a driving control circuit coupled to an output terminal of the comparator and a control terminal of the first switch, switching a conduction state of the first switch according to the comparison signal, and further determining whether the voltage-dividing resistor network is aging according to the comparison signal. | 3,600 |
342,194 | 16,802,544 | 3,691 | A method of attaching one or more active devices on one or more substrates to a metal carrier by “hot stamping” is disclosed. The method includes contacting the active device(s) on the substrate(s) with the metal carrier, and applying pressure to and heating the active device(s) on the substrate(s) and the metal carrier sufficiently to affix or attach the active device(s) on the substrate(s) to the metal carrier. The active device(s) may include an integrated circuit. The substrate(s) may include a metal substrate on the backside of the active device and a protective/carrier film on the frontside of the active device. The protective/carrier film may be or include an organic polymer. The metal carrier may be or include a metal foil. Various examples of the method further include thinning the metal substrate, dicing the active device(s) and a continuous substrate, and/or separating the active devices. | 1. A method of attaching an active device on one or more substrates to a metal carrier, comprising:
(a) contacting the active device on the one or more substrates with the metal carrier; and (b) applying pressure to and heating the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier sufficiently to affix or attach the active device on the one or more substrates to the metal carrier. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the active device comprises an integrated circuit. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more substrates comprise a metal substrate on a backside of the active device and a protective and/or carrier film on a frontside of the active device, the protective and/or carrier film comprising an organic polymer. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising thinning the metal substrate prior to contacting the active device, the metal substrate, and the protective and/or carrier film with the metal carrier. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the one or more substrates is continuous, and a plurality of the active devices are on the continuous one of the one or more substrates. 6. The method of claim 4, further comprising dicing at least the active device and the continuous one of the one or more substrates prior to contacting the active device and the one or more substrates with the metal carrier. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the active device on the one or more substrates comprises a plurality of the active devices on the one or more substrates, and the method further comprises separating the active devices. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the one or more substrates includes at least one continuous substrate and the plurality of the active devices comprises an n-device wide array of the active devices on the continuous substrate, n being an integer of 2 or more, and separating the active devices comprises:
(a) splitting or dividing the continuous substrate into n individual columns or rows of active devices, each on a divided strip of the continuous substrate; (b) transferring each of one or more columns of the n-device wide array of the active devices to a corresponding individual strip of the metal carrier such that a linear one-device wide column of the active devices is on the corresponding individual strip of the carrier, offsetting the continuous substrate to align a next one or more columns of the n-device wide array with the corresponding individual strip(s) of the metal carrier, then transferring each of the next one or more columns of the n-device wide array of the active devices to the corresponding individual strip(s) of the carrier linearly maintaining the one-device wide column of the active devices on the corresponding individual strip(s) of the metal carrier; or (c) using roll-to-roll processing, transferring the active devices from the continuous substrate to the metal carrier continuously or intermittently while advancing the continuous substrate at a first rate and advancing the metal carrier at a second rate, the second rate being greater than the first rate. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the pressure is 15-350 N/cm2. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein heating the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier comprises heating a pressure-applying device or a common environment of the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier to a temperature of 80-200° C. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more substrates comprises a protective/carrier roll, the metal carrier comprises a roll of metal foil, and (a) contacting the active device on the one or more substrates with the metal carrier and (b) applying pressure to and heating the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier comprises advancing the active device on the protective/carrier roll using one or more first rollers and advancing the roll of metal foil using one or more second rollers, wherein at least one of the one or more first rollers and at least one of the one or more second rollers are configured to bring the active device on the protective/carrier roll into contact with the roll of metal foil. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the one or more substrates further comprises a metal substrate on an opposite surface of the active device from the protective/carrier roll, and when applying pressure to and heating the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier, the roller contacts the protective/carrier roll, and the metal substrate contacts the metal carrier. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein applying pressure to the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier comprises pressing the active device on the one or more substrates into the metal carrier using a stamping die. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the stamping die comprises a pattern of (i) ridges or plateaus and (ii) troughs or depressions configured to transfer a pattern into either a metal layer in the one or more substrates or the metal carrier. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the pattern comprises (i) a first pattern configured to form an antenna, one or more capacitive coupling structures, or one or more traces in metal layer or the metal carrier, and (ii) an optional second pattern to remove or disrupt the metal in a region of the metal layer or the metal carrier overlapping with the active device. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein when pressing the active device on the one or more substrates into the metal carrier, the stamping die contacts the one or more substrates, and the active device contacts the metal carrier. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein at least one of the active device and the metal carrier include an insulating or dielectric layer that is between the active device and the metal carrier when the active device contacts the metal carrier. 18. The method of claim 1, further comprising removing the one or more substrates from the active device during or after applying pressure and heat to the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the one or more substrates includes a release layer between the one or more substrates and the active device. 20. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal carrier comprises a foil of stainless steel, aluminum, copper, titanium, molybdenum or an alloy thereof. | A method of attaching one or more active devices on one or more substrates to a metal carrier by “hot stamping” is disclosed. The method includes contacting the active device(s) on the substrate(s) with the metal carrier, and applying pressure to and heating the active device(s) on the substrate(s) and the metal carrier sufficiently to affix or attach the active device(s) on the substrate(s) to the metal carrier. The active device(s) may include an integrated circuit. The substrate(s) may include a metal substrate on the backside of the active device and a protective/carrier film on the frontside of the active device. The protective/carrier film may be or include an organic polymer. The metal carrier may be or include a metal foil. Various examples of the method further include thinning the metal substrate, dicing the active device(s) and a continuous substrate, and/or separating the active devices.1. A method of attaching an active device on one or more substrates to a metal carrier, comprising:
(a) contacting the active device on the one or more substrates with the metal carrier; and (b) applying pressure to and heating the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier sufficiently to affix or attach the active device on the one or more substrates to the metal carrier. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the active device comprises an integrated circuit. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more substrates comprise a metal substrate on a backside of the active device and a protective and/or carrier film on a frontside of the active device, the protective and/or carrier film comprising an organic polymer. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising thinning the metal substrate prior to contacting the active device, the metal substrate, and the protective and/or carrier film with the metal carrier. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the one or more substrates is continuous, and a plurality of the active devices are on the continuous one of the one or more substrates. 6. The method of claim 4, further comprising dicing at least the active device and the continuous one of the one or more substrates prior to contacting the active device and the one or more substrates with the metal carrier. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the active device on the one or more substrates comprises a plurality of the active devices on the one or more substrates, and the method further comprises separating the active devices. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the one or more substrates includes at least one continuous substrate and the plurality of the active devices comprises an n-device wide array of the active devices on the continuous substrate, n being an integer of 2 or more, and separating the active devices comprises:
(a) splitting or dividing the continuous substrate into n individual columns or rows of active devices, each on a divided strip of the continuous substrate; (b) transferring each of one or more columns of the n-device wide array of the active devices to a corresponding individual strip of the metal carrier such that a linear one-device wide column of the active devices is on the corresponding individual strip of the carrier, offsetting the continuous substrate to align a next one or more columns of the n-device wide array with the corresponding individual strip(s) of the metal carrier, then transferring each of the next one or more columns of the n-device wide array of the active devices to the corresponding individual strip(s) of the carrier linearly maintaining the one-device wide column of the active devices on the corresponding individual strip(s) of the metal carrier; or (c) using roll-to-roll processing, transferring the active devices from the continuous substrate to the metal carrier continuously or intermittently while advancing the continuous substrate at a first rate and advancing the metal carrier at a second rate, the second rate being greater than the first rate. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the pressure is 15-350 N/cm2. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein heating the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier comprises heating a pressure-applying device or a common environment of the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier to a temperature of 80-200° C. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more substrates comprises a protective/carrier roll, the metal carrier comprises a roll of metal foil, and (a) contacting the active device on the one or more substrates with the metal carrier and (b) applying pressure to and heating the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier comprises advancing the active device on the protective/carrier roll using one or more first rollers and advancing the roll of metal foil using one or more second rollers, wherein at least one of the one or more first rollers and at least one of the one or more second rollers are configured to bring the active device on the protective/carrier roll into contact with the roll of metal foil. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the one or more substrates further comprises a metal substrate on an opposite surface of the active device from the protective/carrier roll, and when applying pressure to and heating the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier, the roller contacts the protective/carrier roll, and the metal substrate contacts the metal carrier. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein applying pressure to the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier comprises pressing the active device on the one or more substrates into the metal carrier using a stamping die. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the stamping die comprises a pattern of (i) ridges or plateaus and (ii) troughs or depressions configured to transfer a pattern into either a metal layer in the one or more substrates or the metal carrier. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the pattern comprises (i) a first pattern configured to form an antenna, one or more capacitive coupling structures, or one or more traces in metal layer or the metal carrier, and (ii) an optional second pattern to remove or disrupt the metal in a region of the metal layer or the metal carrier overlapping with the active device. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein when pressing the active device on the one or more substrates into the metal carrier, the stamping die contacts the one or more substrates, and the active device contacts the metal carrier. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein at least one of the active device and the metal carrier include an insulating or dielectric layer that is between the active device and the metal carrier when the active device contacts the metal carrier. 18. The method of claim 1, further comprising removing the one or more substrates from the active device during or after applying pressure and heat to the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the one or more substrates includes a release layer between the one or more substrates and the active device. 20. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal carrier comprises a foil of stainless steel, aluminum, copper, titanium, molybdenum or an alloy thereof. | 3,600 |
342,195 | 29,725,573 | 3,691 | A method of attaching one or more active devices on one or more substrates to a metal carrier by “hot stamping” is disclosed. The method includes contacting the active device(s) on the substrate(s) with the metal carrier, and applying pressure to and heating the active device(s) on the substrate(s) and the metal carrier sufficiently to affix or attach the active device(s) on the substrate(s) to the metal carrier. The active device(s) may include an integrated circuit. The substrate(s) may include a metal substrate on the backside of the active device and a protective/carrier film on the frontside of the active device. The protective/carrier film may be or include an organic polymer. The metal carrier may be or include a metal foil. Various examples of the method further include thinning the metal substrate, dicing the active device(s) and a continuous substrate, and/or separating the active devices. | 1. A method of attaching an active device on one or more substrates to a metal carrier, comprising:
(a) contacting the active device on the one or more substrates with the metal carrier; and (b) applying pressure to and heating the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier sufficiently to affix or attach the active device on the one or more substrates to the metal carrier. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the active device comprises an integrated circuit. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more substrates comprise a metal substrate on a backside of the active device and a protective and/or carrier film on a frontside of the active device, the protective and/or carrier film comprising an organic polymer. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising thinning the metal substrate prior to contacting the active device, the metal substrate, and the protective and/or carrier film with the metal carrier. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the one or more substrates is continuous, and a plurality of the active devices are on the continuous one of the one or more substrates. 6. The method of claim 4, further comprising dicing at least the active device and the continuous one of the one or more substrates prior to contacting the active device and the one or more substrates with the metal carrier. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the active device on the one or more substrates comprises a plurality of the active devices on the one or more substrates, and the method further comprises separating the active devices. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the one or more substrates includes at least one continuous substrate and the plurality of the active devices comprises an n-device wide array of the active devices on the continuous substrate, n being an integer of 2 or more, and separating the active devices comprises:
(a) splitting or dividing the continuous substrate into n individual columns or rows of active devices, each on a divided strip of the continuous substrate; (b) transferring each of one or more columns of the n-device wide array of the active devices to a corresponding individual strip of the metal carrier such that a linear one-device wide column of the active devices is on the corresponding individual strip of the carrier, offsetting the continuous substrate to align a next one or more columns of the n-device wide array with the corresponding individual strip(s) of the metal carrier, then transferring each of the next one or more columns of the n-device wide array of the active devices to the corresponding individual strip(s) of the carrier linearly maintaining the one-device wide column of the active devices on the corresponding individual strip(s) of the metal carrier; or (c) using roll-to-roll processing, transferring the active devices from the continuous substrate to the metal carrier continuously or intermittently while advancing the continuous substrate at a first rate and advancing the metal carrier at a second rate, the second rate being greater than the first rate. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the pressure is 15-350 N/cm2. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein heating the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier comprises heating a pressure-applying device or a common environment of the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier to a temperature of 80-200° C. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more substrates comprises a protective/carrier roll, the metal carrier comprises a roll of metal foil, and (a) contacting the active device on the one or more substrates with the metal carrier and (b) applying pressure to and heating the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier comprises advancing the active device on the protective/carrier roll using one or more first rollers and advancing the roll of metal foil using one or more second rollers, wherein at least one of the one or more first rollers and at least one of the one or more second rollers are configured to bring the active device on the protective/carrier roll into contact with the roll of metal foil. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the one or more substrates further comprises a metal substrate on an opposite surface of the active device from the protective/carrier roll, and when applying pressure to and heating the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier, the roller contacts the protective/carrier roll, and the metal substrate contacts the metal carrier. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein applying pressure to the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier comprises pressing the active device on the one or more substrates into the metal carrier using a stamping die. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the stamping die comprises a pattern of (i) ridges or plateaus and (ii) troughs or depressions configured to transfer a pattern into either a metal layer in the one or more substrates or the metal carrier. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the pattern comprises (i) a first pattern configured to form an antenna, one or more capacitive coupling structures, or one or more traces in metal layer or the metal carrier, and (ii) an optional second pattern to remove or disrupt the metal in a region of the metal layer or the metal carrier overlapping with the active device. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein when pressing the active device on the one or more substrates into the metal carrier, the stamping die contacts the one or more substrates, and the active device contacts the metal carrier. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein at least one of the active device and the metal carrier include an insulating or dielectric layer that is between the active device and the metal carrier when the active device contacts the metal carrier. 18. The method of claim 1, further comprising removing the one or more substrates from the active device during or after applying pressure and heat to the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the one or more substrates includes a release layer between the one or more substrates and the active device. 20. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal carrier comprises a foil of stainless steel, aluminum, copper, titanium, molybdenum or an alloy thereof. | A method of attaching one or more active devices on one or more substrates to a metal carrier by “hot stamping” is disclosed. The method includes contacting the active device(s) on the substrate(s) with the metal carrier, and applying pressure to and heating the active device(s) on the substrate(s) and the metal carrier sufficiently to affix or attach the active device(s) on the substrate(s) to the metal carrier. The active device(s) may include an integrated circuit. The substrate(s) may include a metal substrate on the backside of the active device and a protective/carrier film on the frontside of the active device. The protective/carrier film may be or include an organic polymer. The metal carrier may be or include a metal foil. Various examples of the method further include thinning the metal substrate, dicing the active device(s) and a continuous substrate, and/or separating the active devices.1. A method of attaching an active device on one or more substrates to a metal carrier, comprising:
(a) contacting the active device on the one or more substrates with the metal carrier; and (b) applying pressure to and heating the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier sufficiently to affix or attach the active device on the one or more substrates to the metal carrier. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the active device comprises an integrated circuit. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more substrates comprise a metal substrate on a backside of the active device and a protective and/or carrier film on a frontside of the active device, the protective and/or carrier film comprising an organic polymer. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising thinning the metal substrate prior to contacting the active device, the metal substrate, and the protective and/or carrier film with the metal carrier. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the one or more substrates is continuous, and a plurality of the active devices are on the continuous one of the one or more substrates. 6. The method of claim 4, further comprising dicing at least the active device and the continuous one of the one or more substrates prior to contacting the active device and the one or more substrates with the metal carrier. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the active device on the one or more substrates comprises a plurality of the active devices on the one or more substrates, and the method further comprises separating the active devices. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the one or more substrates includes at least one continuous substrate and the plurality of the active devices comprises an n-device wide array of the active devices on the continuous substrate, n being an integer of 2 or more, and separating the active devices comprises:
(a) splitting or dividing the continuous substrate into n individual columns or rows of active devices, each on a divided strip of the continuous substrate; (b) transferring each of one or more columns of the n-device wide array of the active devices to a corresponding individual strip of the metal carrier such that a linear one-device wide column of the active devices is on the corresponding individual strip of the carrier, offsetting the continuous substrate to align a next one or more columns of the n-device wide array with the corresponding individual strip(s) of the metal carrier, then transferring each of the next one or more columns of the n-device wide array of the active devices to the corresponding individual strip(s) of the carrier linearly maintaining the one-device wide column of the active devices on the corresponding individual strip(s) of the metal carrier; or (c) using roll-to-roll processing, transferring the active devices from the continuous substrate to the metal carrier continuously or intermittently while advancing the continuous substrate at a first rate and advancing the metal carrier at a second rate, the second rate being greater than the first rate. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the pressure is 15-350 N/cm2. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein heating the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier comprises heating a pressure-applying device or a common environment of the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier to a temperature of 80-200° C. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more substrates comprises a protective/carrier roll, the metal carrier comprises a roll of metal foil, and (a) contacting the active device on the one or more substrates with the metal carrier and (b) applying pressure to and heating the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier comprises advancing the active device on the protective/carrier roll using one or more first rollers and advancing the roll of metal foil using one or more second rollers, wherein at least one of the one or more first rollers and at least one of the one or more second rollers are configured to bring the active device on the protective/carrier roll into contact with the roll of metal foil. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the one or more substrates further comprises a metal substrate on an opposite surface of the active device from the protective/carrier roll, and when applying pressure to and heating the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier, the roller contacts the protective/carrier roll, and the metal substrate contacts the metal carrier. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein applying pressure to the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier comprises pressing the active device on the one or more substrates into the metal carrier using a stamping die. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the stamping die comprises a pattern of (i) ridges or plateaus and (ii) troughs or depressions configured to transfer a pattern into either a metal layer in the one or more substrates or the metal carrier. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the pattern comprises (i) a first pattern configured to form an antenna, one or more capacitive coupling structures, or one or more traces in metal layer or the metal carrier, and (ii) an optional second pattern to remove or disrupt the metal in a region of the metal layer or the metal carrier overlapping with the active device. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein when pressing the active device on the one or more substrates into the metal carrier, the stamping die contacts the one or more substrates, and the active device contacts the metal carrier. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein at least one of the active device and the metal carrier include an insulating or dielectric layer that is between the active device and the metal carrier when the active device contacts the metal carrier. 18. The method of claim 1, further comprising removing the one or more substrates from the active device during or after applying pressure and heat to the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the one or more substrates includes a release layer between the one or more substrates and the active device. 20. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal carrier comprises a foil of stainless steel, aluminum, copper, titanium, molybdenum or an alloy thereof. | 3,600 |
342,196 | 29,725,589 | 2,912 | A method of attaching one or more active devices on one or more substrates to a metal carrier by “hot stamping” is disclosed. The method includes contacting the active device(s) on the substrate(s) with the metal carrier, and applying pressure to and heating the active device(s) on the substrate(s) and the metal carrier sufficiently to affix or attach the active device(s) on the substrate(s) to the metal carrier. The active device(s) may include an integrated circuit. The substrate(s) may include a metal substrate on the backside of the active device and a protective/carrier film on the frontside of the active device. The protective/carrier film may be or include an organic polymer. The metal carrier may be or include a metal foil. Various examples of the method further include thinning the metal substrate, dicing the active device(s) and a continuous substrate, and/or separating the active devices. | 1. A method of attaching an active device on one or more substrates to a metal carrier, comprising:
(a) contacting the active device on the one or more substrates with the metal carrier; and (b) applying pressure to and heating the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier sufficiently to affix or attach the active device on the one or more substrates to the metal carrier. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the active device comprises an integrated circuit. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more substrates comprise a metal substrate on a backside of the active device and a protective and/or carrier film on a frontside of the active device, the protective and/or carrier film comprising an organic polymer. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising thinning the metal substrate prior to contacting the active device, the metal substrate, and the protective and/or carrier film with the metal carrier. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the one or more substrates is continuous, and a plurality of the active devices are on the continuous one of the one or more substrates. 6. The method of claim 4, further comprising dicing at least the active device and the continuous one of the one or more substrates prior to contacting the active device and the one or more substrates with the metal carrier. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the active device on the one or more substrates comprises a plurality of the active devices on the one or more substrates, and the method further comprises separating the active devices. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the one or more substrates includes at least one continuous substrate and the plurality of the active devices comprises an n-device wide array of the active devices on the continuous substrate, n being an integer of 2 or more, and separating the active devices comprises:
(a) splitting or dividing the continuous substrate into n individual columns or rows of active devices, each on a divided strip of the continuous substrate; (b) transferring each of one or more columns of the n-device wide array of the active devices to a corresponding individual strip of the metal carrier such that a linear one-device wide column of the active devices is on the corresponding individual strip of the carrier, offsetting the continuous substrate to align a next one or more columns of the n-device wide array with the corresponding individual strip(s) of the metal carrier, then transferring each of the next one or more columns of the n-device wide array of the active devices to the corresponding individual strip(s) of the carrier linearly maintaining the one-device wide column of the active devices on the corresponding individual strip(s) of the metal carrier; or (c) using roll-to-roll processing, transferring the active devices from the continuous substrate to the metal carrier continuously or intermittently while advancing the continuous substrate at a first rate and advancing the metal carrier at a second rate, the second rate being greater than the first rate. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the pressure is 15-350 N/cm2. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein heating the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier comprises heating a pressure-applying device or a common environment of the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier to a temperature of 80-200° C. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more substrates comprises a protective/carrier roll, the metal carrier comprises a roll of metal foil, and (a) contacting the active device on the one or more substrates with the metal carrier and (b) applying pressure to and heating the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier comprises advancing the active device on the protective/carrier roll using one or more first rollers and advancing the roll of metal foil using one or more second rollers, wherein at least one of the one or more first rollers and at least one of the one or more second rollers are configured to bring the active device on the protective/carrier roll into contact with the roll of metal foil. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the one or more substrates further comprises a metal substrate on an opposite surface of the active device from the protective/carrier roll, and when applying pressure to and heating the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier, the roller contacts the protective/carrier roll, and the metal substrate contacts the metal carrier. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein applying pressure to the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier comprises pressing the active device on the one or more substrates into the metal carrier using a stamping die. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the stamping die comprises a pattern of (i) ridges or plateaus and (ii) troughs or depressions configured to transfer a pattern into either a metal layer in the one or more substrates or the metal carrier. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the pattern comprises (i) a first pattern configured to form an antenna, one or more capacitive coupling structures, or one or more traces in metal layer or the metal carrier, and (ii) an optional second pattern to remove or disrupt the metal in a region of the metal layer or the metal carrier overlapping with the active device. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein when pressing the active device on the one or more substrates into the metal carrier, the stamping die contacts the one or more substrates, and the active device contacts the metal carrier. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein at least one of the active device and the metal carrier include an insulating or dielectric layer that is between the active device and the metal carrier when the active device contacts the metal carrier. 18. The method of claim 1, further comprising removing the one or more substrates from the active device during or after applying pressure and heat to the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the one or more substrates includes a release layer between the one or more substrates and the active device. 20. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal carrier comprises a foil of stainless steel, aluminum, copper, titanium, molybdenum or an alloy thereof. | A method of attaching one or more active devices on one or more substrates to a metal carrier by “hot stamping” is disclosed. The method includes contacting the active device(s) on the substrate(s) with the metal carrier, and applying pressure to and heating the active device(s) on the substrate(s) and the metal carrier sufficiently to affix or attach the active device(s) on the substrate(s) to the metal carrier. The active device(s) may include an integrated circuit. The substrate(s) may include a metal substrate on the backside of the active device and a protective/carrier film on the frontside of the active device. The protective/carrier film may be or include an organic polymer. The metal carrier may be or include a metal foil. Various examples of the method further include thinning the metal substrate, dicing the active device(s) and a continuous substrate, and/or separating the active devices.1. A method of attaching an active device on one or more substrates to a metal carrier, comprising:
(a) contacting the active device on the one or more substrates with the metal carrier; and (b) applying pressure to and heating the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier sufficiently to affix or attach the active device on the one or more substrates to the metal carrier. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the active device comprises an integrated circuit. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more substrates comprise a metal substrate on a backside of the active device and a protective and/or carrier film on a frontside of the active device, the protective and/or carrier film comprising an organic polymer. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising thinning the metal substrate prior to contacting the active device, the metal substrate, and the protective and/or carrier film with the metal carrier. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the one or more substrates is continuous, and a plurality of the active devices are on the continuous one of the one or more substrates. 6. The method of claim 4, further comprising dicing at least the active device and the continuous one of the one or more substrates prior to contacting the active device and the one or more substrates with the metal carrier. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the active device on the one or more substrates comprises a plurality of the active devices on the one or more substrates, and the method further comprises separating the active devices. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the one or more substrates includes at least one continuous substrate and the plurality of the active devices comprises an n-device wide array of the active devices on the continuous substrate, n being an integer of 2 or more, and separating the active devices comprises:
(a) splitting or dividing the continuous substrate into n individual columns or rows of active devices, each on a divided strip of the continuous substrate; (b) transferring each of one or more columns of the n-device wide array of the active devices to a corresponding individual strip of the metal carrier such that a linear one-device wide column of the active devices is on the corresponding individual strip of the carrier, offsetting the continuous substrate to align a next one or more columns of the n-device wide array with the corresponding individual strip(s) of the metal carrier, then transferring each of the next one or more columns of the n-device wide array of the active devices to the corresponding individual strip(s) of the carrier linearly maintaining the one-device wide column of the active devices on the corresponding individual strip(s) of the metal carrier; or (c) using roll-to-roll processing, transferring the active devices from the continuous substrate to the metal carrier continuously or intermittently while advancing the continuous substrate at a first rate and advancing the metal carrier at a second rate, the second rate being greater than the first rate. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the pressure is 15-350 N/cm2. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein heating the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier comprises heating a pressure-applying device or a common environment of the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier to a temperature of 80-200° C. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more substrates comprises a protective/carrier roll, the metal carrier comprises a roll of metal foil, and (a) contacting the active device on the one or more substrates with the metal carrier and (b) applying pressure to and heating the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier comprises advancing the active device on the protective/carrier roll using one or more first rollers and advancing the roll of metal foil using one or more second rollers, wherein at least one of the one or more first rollers and at least one of the one or more second rollers are configured to bring the active device on the protective/carrier roll into contact with the roll of metal foil. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the one or more substrates further comprises a metal substrate on an opposite surface of the active device from the protective/carrier roll, and when applying pressure to and heating the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier, the roller contacts the protective/carrier roll, and the metal substrate contacts the metal carrier. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein applying pressure to the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier comprises pressing the active device on the one or more substrates into the metal carrier using a stamping die. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the stamping die comprises a pattern of (i) ridges or plateaus and (ii) troughs or depressions configured to transfer a pattern into either a metal layer in the one or more substrates or the metal carrier. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the pattern comprises (i) a first pattern configured to form an antenna, one or more capacitive coupling structures, or one or more traces in metal layer or the metal carrier, and (ii) an optional second pattern to remove or disrupt the metal in a region of the metal layer or the metal carrier overlapping with the active device. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein when pressing the active device on the one or more substrates into the metal carrier, the stamping die contacts the one or more substrates, and the active device contacts the metal carrier. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein at least one of the active device and the metal carrier include an insulating or dielectric layer that is between the active device and the metal carrier when the active device contacts the metal carrier. 18. The method of claim 1, further comprising removing the one or more substrates from the active device during or after applying pressure and heat to the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the one or more substrates includes a release layer between the one or more substrates and the active device. 20. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal carrier comprises a foil of stainless steel, aluminum, copper, titanium, molybdenum or an alloy thereof. | 2,900 |
342,197 | 29,725,586 | 2,919 | A method of attaching one or more active devices on one or more substrates to a metal carrier by “hot stamping” is disclosed. The method includes contacting the active device(s) on the substrate(s) with the metal carrier, and applying pressure to and heating the active device(s) on the substrate(s) and the metal carrier sufficiently to affix or attach the active device(s) on the substrate(s) to the metal carrier. The active device(s) may include an integrated circuit. The substrate(s) may include a metal substrate on the backside of the active device and a protective/carrier film on the frontside of the active device. The protective/carrier film may be or include an organic polymer. The metal carrier may be or include a metal foil. Various examples of the method further include thinning the metal substrate, dicing the active device(s) and a continuous substrate, and/or separating the active devices. | 1. A method of attaching an active device on one or more substrates to a metal carrier, comprising:
(a) contacting the active device on the one or more substrates with the metal carrier; and (b) applying pressure to and heating the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier sufficiently to affix or attach the active device on the one or more substrates to the metal carrier. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the active device comprises an integrated circuit. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more substrates comprise a metal substrate on a backside of the active device and a protective and/or carrier film on a frontside of the active device, the protective and/or carrier film comprising an organic polymer. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising thinning the metal substrate prior to contacting the active device, the metal substrate, and the protective and/or carrier film with the metal carrier. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the one or more substrates is continuous, and a plurality of the active devices are on the continuous one of the one or more substrates. 6. The method of claim 4, further comprising dicing at least the active device and the continuous one of the one or more substrates prior to contacting the active device and the one or more substrates with the metal carrier. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the active device on the one or more substrates comprises a plurality of the active devices on the one or more substrates, and the method further comprises separating the active devices. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the one or more substrates includes at least one continuous substrate and the plurality of the active devices comprises an n-device wide array of the active devices on the continuous substrate, n being an integer of 2 or more, and separating the active devices comprises:
(a) splitting or dividing the continuous substrate into n individual columns or rows of active devices, each on a divided strip of the continuous substrate; (b) transferring each of one or more columns of the n-device wide array of the active devices to a corresponding individual strip of the metal carrier such that a linear one-device wide column of the active devices is on the corresponding individual strip of the carrier, offsetting the continuous substrate to align a next one or more columns of the n-device wide array with the corresponding individual strip(s) of the metal carrier, then transferring each of the next one or more columns of the n-device wide array of the active devices to the corresponding individual strip(s) of the carrier linearly maintaining the one-device wide column of the active devices on the corresponding individual strip(s) of the metal carrier; or (c) using roll-to-roll processing, transferring the active devices from the continuous substrate to the metal carrier continuously or intermittently while advancing the continuous substrate at a first rate and advancing the metal carrier at a second rate, the second rate being greater than the first rate. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the pressure is 15-350 N/cm2. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein heating the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier comprises heating a pressure-applying device or a common environment of the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier to a temperature of 80-200° C. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more substrates comprises a protective/carrier roll, the metal carrier comprises a roll of metal foil, and (a) contacting the active device on the one or more substrates with the metal carrier and (b) applying pressure to and heating the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier comprises advancing the active device on the protective/carrier roll using one or more first rollers and advancing the roll of metal foil using one or more second rollers, wherein at least one of the one or more first rollers and at least one of the one or more second rollers are configured to bring the active device on the protective/carrier roll into contact with the roll of metal foil. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the one or more substrates further comprises a metal substrate on an opposite surface of the active device from the protective/carrier roll, and when applying pressure to and heating the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier, the roller contacts the protective/carrier roll, and the metal substrate contacts the metal carrier. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein applying pressure to the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier comprises pressing the active device on the one or more substrates into the metal carrier using a stamping die. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the stamping die comprises a pattern of (i) ridges or plateaus and (ii) troughs or depressions configured to transfer a pattern into either a metal layer in the one or more substrates or the metal carrier. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the pattern comprises (i) a first pattern configured to form an antenna, one or more capacitive coupling structures, or one or more traces in metal layer or the metal carrier, and (ii) an optional second pattern to remove or disrupt the metal in a region of the metal layer or the metal carrier overlapping with the active device. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein when pressing the active device on the one or more substrates into the metal carrier, the stamping die contacts the one or more substrates, and the active device contacts the metal carrier. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein at least one of the active device and the metal carrier include an insulating or dielectric layer that is between the active device and the metal carrier when the active device contacts the metal carrier. 18. The method of claim 1, further comprising removing the one or more substrates from the active device during or after applying pressure and heat to the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the one or more substrates includes a release layer between the one or more substrates and the active device. 20. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal carrier comprises a foil of stainless steel, aluminum, copper, titanium, molybdenum or an alloy thereof. | A method of attaching one or more active devices on one or more substrates to a metal carrier by “hot stamping” is disclosed. The method includes contacting the active device(s) on the substrate(s) with the metal carrier, and applying pressure to and heating the active device(s) on the substrate(s) and the metal carrier sufficiently to affix or attach the active device(s) on the substrate(s) to the metal carrier. The active device(s) may include an integrated circuit. The substrate(s) may include a metal substrate on the backside of the active device and a protective/carrier film on the frontside of the active device. The protective/carrier film may be or include an organic polymer. The metal carrier may be or include a metal foil. Various examples of the method further include thinning the metal substrate, dicing the active device(s) and a continuous substrate, and/or separating the active devices.1. A method of attaching an active device on one or more substrates to a metal carrier, comprising:
(a) contacting the active device on the one or more substrates with the metal carrier; and (b) applying pressure to and heating the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier sufficiently to affix or attach the active device on the one or more substrates to the metal carrier. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the active device comprises an integrated circuit. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more substrates comprise a metal substrate on a backside of the active device and a protective and/or carrier film on a frontside of the active device, the protective and/or carrier film comprising an organic polymer. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising thinning the metal substrate prior to contacting the active device, the metal substrate, and the protective and/or carrier film with the metal carrier. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the one or more substrates is continuous, and a plurality of the active devices are on the continuous one of the one or more substrates. 6. The method of claim 4, further comprising dicing at least the active device and the continuous one of the one or more substrates prior to contacting the active device and the one or more substrates with the metal carrier. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the active device on the one or more substrates comprises a plurality of the active devices on the one or more substrates, and the method further comprises separating the active devices. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the one or more substrates includes at least one continuous substrate and the plurality of the active devices comprises an n-device wide array of the active devices on the continuous substrate, n being an integer of 2 or more, and separating the active devices comprises:
(a) splitting or dividing the continuous substrate into n individual columns or rows of active devices, each on a divided strip of the continuous substrate; (b) transferring each of one or more columns of the n-device wide array of the active devices to a corresponding individual strip of the metal carrier such that a linear one-device wide column of the active devices is on the corresponding individual strip of the carrier, offsetting the continuous substrate to align a next one or more columns of the n-device wide array with the corresponding individual strip(s) of the metal carrier, then transferring each of the next one or more columns of the n-device wide array of the active devices to the corresponding individual strip(s) of the carrier linearly maintaining the one-device wide column of the active devices on the corresponding individual strip(s) of the metal carrier; or (c) using roll-to-roll processing, transferring the active devices from the continuous substrate to the metal carrier continuously or intermittently while advancing the continuous substrate at a first rate and advancing the metal carrier at a second rate, the second rate being greater than the first rate. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the pressure is 15-350 N/cm2. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein heating the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier comprises heating a pressure-applying device or a common environment of the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier to a temperature of 80-200° C. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more substrates comprises a protective/carrier roll, the metal carrier comprises a roll of metal foil, and (a) contacting the active device on the one or more substrates with the metal carrier and (b) applying pressure to and heating the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier comprises advancing the active device on the protective/carrier roll using one or more first rollers and advancing the roll of metal foil using one or more second rollers, wherein at least one of the one or more first rollers and at least one of the one or more second rollers are configured to bring the active device on the protective/carrier roll into contact with the roll of metal foil. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the one or more substrates further comprises a metal substrate on an opposite surface of the active device from the protective/carrier roll, and when applying pressure to and heating the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier, the roller contacts the protective/carrier roll, and the metal substrate contacts the metal carrier. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein applying pressure to the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier comprises pressing the active device on the one or more substrates into the metal carrier using a stamping die. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the stamping die comprises a pattern of (i) ridges or plateaus and (ii) troughs or depressions configured to transfer a pattern into either a metal layer in the one or more substrates or the metal carrier. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the pattern comprises (i) a first pattern configured to form an antenna, one or more capacitive coupling structures, or one or more traces in metal layer or the metal carrier, and (ii) an optional second pattern to remove or disrupt the metal in a region of the metal layer or the metal carrier overlapping with the active device. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein when pressing the active device on the one or more substrates into the metal carrier, the stamping die contacts the one or more substrates, and the active device contacts the metal carrier. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein at least one of the active device and the metal carrier include an insulating or dielectric layer that is between the active device and the metal carrier when the active device contacts the metal carrier. 18. The method of claim 1, further comprising removing the one or more substrates from the active device during or after applying pressure and heat to the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the one or more substrates includes a release layer between the one or more substrates and the active device. 20. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal carrier comprises a foil of stainless steel, aluminum, copper, titanium, molybdenum or an alloy thereof. | 2,900 |
342,198 | 29,725,579 | 2,919 | A method of attaching one or more active devices on one or more substrates to a metal carrier by “hot stamping” is disclosed. The method includes contacting the active device(s) on the substrate(s) with the metal carrier, and applying pressure to and heating the active device(s) on the substrate(s) and the metal carrier sufficiently to affix or attach the active device(s) on the substrate(s) to the metal carrier. The active device(s) may include an integrated circuit. The substrate(s) may include a metal substrate on the backside of the active device and a protective/carrier film on the frontside of the active device. The protective/carrier film may be or include an organic polymer. The metal carrier may be or include a metal foil. Various examples of the method further include thinning the metal substrate, dicing the active device(s) and a continuous substrate, and/or separating the active devices. | 1. A method of attaching an active device on one or more substrates to a metal carrier, comprising:
(a) contacting the active device on the one or more substrates with the metal carrier; and (b) applying pressure to and heating the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier sufficiently to affix or attach the active device on the one or more substrates to the metal carrier. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the active device comprises an integrated circuit. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more substrates comprise a metal substrate on a backside of the active device and a protective and/or carrier film on a frontside of the active device, the protective and/or carrier film comprising an organic polymer. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising thinning the metal substrate prior to contacting the active device, the metal substrate, and the protective and/or carrier film with the metal carrier. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the one or more substrates is continuous, and a plurality of the active devices are on the continuous one of the one or more substrates. 6. The method of claim 4, further comprising dicing at least the active device and the continuous one of the one or more substrates prior to contacting the active device and the one or more substrates with the metal carrier. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the active device on the one or more substrates comprises a plurality of the active devices on the one or more substrates, and the method further comprises separating the active devices. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the one or more substrates includes at least one continuous substrate and the plurality of the active devices comprises an n-device wide array of the active devices on the continuous substrate, n being an integer of 2 or more, and separating the active devices comprises:
(a) splitting or dividing the continuous substrate into n individual columns or rows of active devices, each on a divided strip of the continuous substrate; (b) transferring each of one or more columns of the n-device wide array of the active devices to a corresponding individual strip of the metal carrier such that a linear one-device wide column of the active devices is on the corresponding individual strip of the carrier, offsetting the continuous substrate to align a next one or more columns of the n-device wide array with the corresponding individual strip(s) of the metal carrier, then transferring each of the next one or more columns of the n-device wide array of the active devices to the corresponding individual strip(s) of the carrier linearly maintaining the one-device wide column of the active devices on the corresponding individual strip(s) of the metal carrier; or (c) using roll-to-roll processing, transferring the active devices from the continuous substrate to the metal carrier continuously or intermittently while advancing the continuous substrate at a first rate and advancing the metal carrier at a second rate, the second rate being greater than the first rate. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the pressure is 15-350 N/cm2. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein heating the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier comprises heating a pressure-applying device or a common environment of the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier to a temperature of 80-200° C. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more substrates comprises a protective/carrier roll, the metal carrier comprises a roll of metal foil, and (a) contacting the active device on the one or more substrates with the metal carrier and (b) applying pressure to and heating the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier comprises advancing the active device on the protective/carrier roll using one or more first rollers and advancing the roll of metal foil using one or more second rollers, wherein at least one of the one or more first rollers and at least one of the one or more second rollers are configured to bring the active device on the protective/carrier roll into contact with the roll of metal foil. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the one or more substrates further comprises a metal substrate on an opposite surface of the active device from the protective/carrier roll, and when applying pressure to and heating the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier, the roller contacts the protective/carrier roll, and the metal substrate contacts the metal carrier. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein applying pressure to the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier comprises pressing the active device on the one or more substrates into the metal carrier using a stamping die. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the stamping die comprises a pattern of (i) ridges or plateaus and (ii) troughs or depressions configured to transfer a pattern into either a metal layer in the one or more substrates or the metal carrier. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the pattern comprises (i) a first pattern configured to form an antenna, one or more capacitive coupling structures, or one or more traces in metal layer or the metal carrier, and (ii) an optional second pattern to remove or disrupt the metal in a region of the metal layer or the metal carrier overlapping with the active device. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein when pressing the active device on the one or more substrates into the metal carrier, the stamping die contacts the one or more substrates, and the active device contacts the metal carrier. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein at least one of the active device and the metal carrier include an insulating or dielectric layer that is between the active device and the metal carrier when the active device contacts the metal carrier. 18. The method of claim 1, further comprising removing the one or more substrates from the active device during or after applying pressure and heat to the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the one or more substrates includes a release layer between the one or more substrates and the active device. 20. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal carrier comprises a foil of stainless steel, aluminum, copper, titanium, molybdenum or an alloy thereof. | A method of attaching one or more active devices on one or more substrates to a metal carrier by “hot stamping” is disclosed. The method includes contacting the active device(s) on the substrate(s) with the metal carrier, and applying pressure to and heating the active device(s) on the substrate(s) and the metal carrier sufficiently to affix or attach the active device(s) on the substrate(s) to the metal carrier. The active device(s) may include an integrated circuit. The substrate(s) may include a metal substrate on the backside of the active device and a protective/carrier film on the frontside of the active device. The protective/carrier film may be or include an organic polymer. The metal carrier may be or include a metal foil. Various examples of the method further include thinning the metal substrate, dicing the active device(s) and a continuous substrate, and/or separating the active devices.1. A method of attaching an active device on one or more substrates to a metal carrier, comprising:
(a) contacting the active device on the one or more substrates with the metal carrier; and (b) applying pressure to and heating the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier sufficiently to affix or attach the active device on the one or more substrates to the metal carrier. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the active device comprises an integrated circuit. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more substrates comprise a metal substrate on a backside of the active device and a protective and/or carrier film on a frontside of the active device, the protective and/or carrier film comprising an organic polymer. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising thinning the metal substrate prior to contacting the active device, the metal substrate, and the protective and/or carrier film with the metal carrier. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the one or more substrates is continuous, and a plurality of the active devices are on the continuous one of the one or more substrates. 6. The method of claim 4, further comprising dicing at least the active device and the continuous one of the one or more substrates prior to contacting the active device and the one or more substrates with the metal carrier. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the active device on the one or more substrates comprises a plurality of the active devices on the one or more substrates, and the method further comprises separating the active devices. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the one or more substrates includes at least one continuous substrate and the plurality of the active devices comprises an n-device wide array of the active devices on the continuous substrate, n being an integer of 2 or more, and separating the active devices comprises:
(a) splitting or dividing the continuous substrate into n individual columns or rows of active devices, each on a divided strip of the continuous substrate; (b) transferring each of one or more columns of the n-device wide array of the active devices to a corresponding individual strip of the metal carrier such that a linear one-device wide column of the active devices is on the corresponding individual strip of the carrier, offsetting the continuous substrate to align a next one or more columns of the n-device wide array with the corresponding individual strip(s) of the metal carrier, then transferring each of the next one or more columns of the n-device wide array of the active devices to the corresponding individual strip(s) of the carrier linearly maintaining the one-device wide column of the active devices on the corresponding individual strip(s) of the metal carrier; or (c) using roll-to-roll processing, transferring the active devices from the continuous substrate to the metal carrier continuously or intermittently while advancing the continuous substrate at a first rate and advancing the metal carrier at a second rate, the second rate being greater than the first rate. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the pressure is 15-350 N/cm2. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein heating the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier comprises heating a pressure-applying device or a common environment of the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier to a temperature of 80-200° C. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more substrates comprises a protective/carrier roll, the metal carrier comprises a roll of metal foil, and (a) contacting the active device on the one or more substrates with the metal carrier and (b) applying pressure to and heating the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier comprises advancing the active device on the protective/carrier roll using one or more first rollers and advancing the roll of metal foil using one or more second rollers, wherein at least one of the one or more first rollers and at least one of the one or more second rollers are configured to bring the active device on the protective/carrier roll into contact with the roll of metal foil. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the one or more substrates further comprises a metal substrate on an opposite surface of the active device from the protective/carrier roll, and when applying pressure to and heating the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier, the roller contacts the protective/carrier roll, and the metal substrate contacts the metal carrier. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein applying pressure to the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier comprises pressing the active device on the one or more substrates into the metal carrier using a stamping die. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the stamping die comprises a pattern of (i) ridges or plateaus and (ii) troughs or depressions configured to transfer a pattern into either a metal layer in the one or more substrates or the metal carrier. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the pattern comprises (i) a first pattern configured to form an antenna, one or more capacitive coupling structures, or one or more traces in metal layer or the metal carrier, and (ii) an optional second pattern to remove or disrupt the metal in a region of the metal layer or the metal carrier overlapping with the active device. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein when pressing the active device on the one or more substrates into the metal carrier, the stamping die contacts the one or more substrates, and the active device contacts the metal carrier. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein at least one of the active device and the metal carrier include an insulating or dielectric layer that is between the active device and the metal carrier when the active device contacts the metal carrier. 18. The method of claim 1, further comprising removing the one or more substrates from the active device during or after applying pressure and heat to the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the one or more substrates includes a release layer between the one or more substrates and the active device. 20. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal carrier comprises a foil of stainless steel, aluminum, copper, titanium, molybdenum or an alloy thereof. | 2,900 |
342,199 | 29,725,557 | 2,919 | A method of attaching one or more active devices on one or more substrates to a metal carrier by “hot stamping” is disclosed. The method includes contacting the active device(s) on the substrate(s) with the metal carrier, and applying pressure to and heating the active device(s) on the substrate(s) and the metal carrier sufficiently to affix or attach the active device(s) on the substrate(s) to the metal carrier. The active device(s) may include an integrated circuit. The substrate(s) may include a metal substrate on the backside of the active device and a protective/carrier film on the frontside of the active device. The protective/carrier film may be or include an organic polymer. The metal carrier may be or include a metal foil. Various examples of the method further include thinning the metal substrate, dicing the active device(s) and a continuous substrate, and/or separating the active devices. | 1. A method of attaching an active device on one or more substrates to a metal carrier, comprising:
(a) contacting the active device on the one or more substrates with the metal carrier; and (b) applying pressure to and heating the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier sufficiently to affix or attach the active device on the one or more substrates to the metal carrier. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the active device comprises an integrated circuit. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more substrates comprise a metal substrate on a backside of the active device and a protective and/or carrier film on a frontside of the active device, the protective and/or carrier film comprising an organic polymer. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising thinning the metal substrate prior to contacting the active device, the metal substrate, and the protective and/or carrier film with the metal carrier. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the one or more substrates is continuous, and a plurality of the active devices are on the continuous one of the one or more substrates. 6. The method of claim 4, further comprising dicing at least the active device and the continuous one of the one or more substrates prior to contacting the active device and the one or more substrates with the metal carrier. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the active device on the one or more substrates comprises a plurality of the active devices on the one or more substrates, and the method further comprises separating the active devices. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the one or more substrates includes at least one continuous substrate and the plurality of the active devices comprises an n-device wide array of the active devices on the continuous substrate, n being an integer of 2 or more, and separating the active devices comprises:
(a) splitting or dividing the continuous substrate into n individual columns or rows of active devices, each on a divided strip of the continuous substrate; (b) transferring each of one or more columns of the n-device wide array of the active devices to a corresponding individual strip of the metal carrier such that a linear one-device wide column of the active devices is on the corresponding individual strip of the carrier, offsetting the continuous substrate to align a next one or more columns of the n-device wide array with the corresponding individual strip(s) of the metal carrier, then transferring each of the next one or more columns of the n-device wide array of the active devices to the corresponding individual strip(s) of the carrier linearly maintaining the one-device wide column of the active devices on the corresponding individual strip(s) of the metal carrier; or (c) using roll-to-roll processing, transferring the active devices from the continuous substrate to the metal carrier continuously or intermittently while advancing the continuous substrate at a first rate and advancing the metal carrier at a second rate, the second rate being greater than the first rate. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the pressure is 15-350 N/cm2. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein heating the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier comprises heating a pressure-applying device or a common environment of the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier to a temperature of 80-200° C. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more substrates comprises a protective/carrier roll, the metal carrier comprises a roll of metal foil, and (a) contacting the active device on the one or more substrates with the metal carrier and (b) applying pressure to and heating the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier comprises advancing the active device on the protective/carrier roll using one or more first rollers and advancing the roll of metal foil using one or more second rollers, wherein at least one of the one or more first rollers and at least one of the one or more second rollers are configured to bring the active device on the protective/carrier roll into contact with the roll of metal foil. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the one or more substrates further comprises a metal substrate on an opposite surface of the active device from the protective/carrier roll, and when applying pressure to and heating the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier, the roller contacts the protective/carrier roll, and the metal substrate contacts the metal carrier. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein applying pressure to the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier comprises pressing the active device on the one or more substrates into the metal carrier using a stamping die. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the stamping die comprises a pattern of (i) ridges or plateaus and (ii) troughs or depressions configured to transfer a pattern into either a metal layer in the one or more substrates or the metal carrier. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the pattern comprises (i) a first pattern configured to form an antenna, one or more capacitive coupling structures, or one or more traces in metal layer or the metal carrier, and (ii) an optional second pattern to remove or disrupt the metal in a region of the metal layer or the metal carrier overlapping with the active device. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein when pressing the active device on the one or more substrates into the metal carrier, the stamping die contacts the one or more substrates, and the active device contacts the metal carrier. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein at least one of the active device and the metal carrier include an insulating or dielectric layer that is between the active device and the metal carrier when the active device contacts the metal carrier. 18. The method of claim 1, further comprising removing the one or more substrates from the active device during or after applying pressure and heat to the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the one or more substrates includes a release layer between the one or more substrates and the active device. 20. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal carrier comprises a foil of stainless steel, aluminum, copper, titanium, molybdenum or an alloy thereof. | A method of attaching one or more active devices on one or more substrates to a metal carrier by “hot stamping” is disclosed. The method includes contacting the active device(s) on the substrate(s) with the metal carrier, and applying pressure to and heating the active device(s) on the substrate(s) and the metal carrier sufficiently to affix or attach the active device(s) on the substrate(s) to the metal carrier. The active device(s) may include an integrated circuit. The substrate(s) may include a metal substrate on the backside of the active device and a protective/carrier film on the frontside of the active device. The protective/carrier film may be or include an organic polymer. The metal carrier may be or include a metal foil. Various examples of the method further include thinning the metal substrate, dicing the active device(s) and a continuous substrate, and/or separating the active devices.1. A method of attaching an active device on one or more substrates to a metal carrier, comprising:
(a) contacting the active device on the one or more substrates with the metal carrier; and (b) applying pressure to and heating the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier sufficiently to affix or attach the active device on the one or more substrates to the metal carrier. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the active device comprises an integrated circuit. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more substrates comprise a metal substrate on a backside of the active device and a protective and/or carrier film on a frontside of the active device, the protective and/or carrier film comprising an organic polymer. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising thinning the metal substrate prior to contacting the active device, the metal substrate, and the protective and/or carrier film with the metal carrier. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the one or more substrates is continuous, and a plurality of the active devices are on the continuous one of the one or more substrates. 6. The method of claim 4, further comprising dicing at least the active device and the continuous one of the one or more substrates prior to contacting the active device and the one or more substrates with the metal carrier. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the active device on the one or more substrates comprises a plurality of the active devices on the one or more substrates, and the method further comprises separating the active devices. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the one or more substrates includes at least one continuous substrate and the plurality of the active devices comprises an n-device wide array of the active devices on the continuous substrate, n being an integer of 2 or more, and separating the active devices comprises:
(a) splitting or dividing the continuous substrate into n individual columns or rows of active devices, each on a divided strip of the continuous substrate; (b) transferring each of one or more columns of the n-device wide array of the active devices to a corresponding individual strip of the metal carrier such that a linear one-device wide column of the active devices is on the corresponding individual strip of the carrier, offsetting the continuous substrate to align a next one or more columns of the n-device wide array with the corresponding individual strip(s) of the metal carrier, then transferring each of the next one or more columns of the n-device wide array of the active devices to the corresponding individual strip(s) of the carrier linearly maintaining the one-device wide column of the active devices on the corresponding individual strip(s) of the metal carrier; or (c) using roll-to-roll processing, transferring the active devices from the continuous substrate to the metal carrier continuously or intermittently while advancing the continuous substrate at a first rate and advancing the metal carrier at a second rate, the second rate being greater than the first rate. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the pressure is 15-350 N/cm2. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein heating the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier comprises heating a pressure-applying device or a common environment of the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier to a temperature of 80-200° C. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more substrates comprises a protective/carrier roll, the metal carrier comprises a roll of metal foil, and (a) contacting the active device on the one or more substrates with the metal carrier and (b) applying pressure to and heating the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier comprises advancing the active device on the protective/carrier roll using one or more first rollers and advancing the roll of metal foil using one or more second rollers, wherein at least one of the one or more first rollers and at least one of the one or more second rollers are configured to bring the active device on the protective/carrier roll into contact with the roll of metal foil. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the one or more substrates further comprises a metal substrate on an opposite surface of the active device from the protective/carrier roll, and when applying pressure to and heating the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier, the roller contacts the protective/carrier roll, and the metal substrate contacts the metal carrier. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein applying pressure to the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier comprises pressing the active device on the one or more substrates into the metal carrier using a stamping die. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the stamping die comprises a pattern of (i) ridges or plateaus and (ii) troughs or depressions configured to transfer a pattern into either a metal layer in the one or more substrates or the metal carrier. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the pattern comprises (i) a first pattern configured to form an antenna, one or more capacitive coupling structures, or one or more traces in metal layer or the metal carrier, and (ii) an optional second pattern to remove or disrupt the metal in a region of the metal layer or the metal carrier overlapping with the active device. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein when pressing the active device on the one or more substrates into the metal carrier, the stamping die contacts the one or more substrates, and the active device contacts the metal carrier. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein at least one of the active device and the metal carrier include an insulating or dielectric layer that is between the active device and the metal carrier when the active device contacts the metal carrier. 18. The method of claim 1, further comprising removing the one or more substrates from the active device during or after applying pressure and heat to the active device on the one or more substrates and the metal carrier. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the one or more substrates includes a release layer between the one or more substrates and the active device. 20. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal carrier comprises a foil of stainless steel, aluminum, copper, titanium, molybdenum or an alloy thereof. | 2,900 |
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