Unnamed: 0
int64 0
350k
| ApplicationNumber
int64 9.75M
96.1M
| ArtUnit
int64 1.6k
3.99k
| Abstract
stringlengths 7
8.37k
| Claims
stringlengths 3
292k
| abstract-claims
stringlengths 68
293k
| TechCenter
int64 1.6k
3.9k
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
340,000 | 16,800,969 | 3,657 | Disclosed herein is a method of facilitating creating of customizable tutorials for instruments specific to a particular facility, in accordance with some embodiments. Accordingly, the method may include a step of receiving, using a communication device, a facility blueprint of a facility from at least one user device. Further, the method may include a step of receiving, using the communication device, an instrument location of an instrument associated with the facility blueprint from the at least one user device. Further, the method may include a step of receiving, using the communication device, a plurality of tutorial information associated with the instrument corresponding to the instrument location from the at least one user device. Further, the method may include a step of storing, using a storage device, the plurality of tutorial information associated with the instrument corresponding to the instrument location. | 1. A system for facilitating creating of customizable tutorials for instruments specific to a particular facility, the system comprising:
a communication device configured for:
receiving a facility blueprint of a facility from at least one user device, wherein the facility blueprint facilitates locating at least one instrument disposed in the facility;
receiving an instrument location of an instrument associated with the facility blueprint from the at least one user device; and
receiving a plurality of tutorial information associated with the instrument corresponding to the instrument location from the at least one user device, wherein the plurality of tutorial information comprises at least one of visual information and aural information; and
a storage device configured for storing the plurality of tutorial information associated with the instrument corresponding to the instrument location. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the communication device is further configured for:
transmitting the facility blueprint to at least one first user device; receiving an instrument indication corresponding to an instrument of the at least one instrument from the at least one first user device; and transmitting a plurality of tutorial information associated with the instrument to the at least one first user device, wherein the at least one first user device is configured for presenting the plurality of tutorial information, wherein the storage device is configured for retrieving the plurality of tutorial information associated with the instrument based on the instrument indication. 3. The system of claim 1 further comprising a processing device communicatively coupled with the communication device and the storage device, wherein the communication device is configured for receiving at least one user information from the at least one user device, wherein, the processing device is configured for:
analyzing the plurality of tutorial information based on the at least one user information; and
generating a plurality of new tutorial information corresponding to the plurality of tutorial information based on the analyzing, wherein the storage device is configured for storing the plurality of new tutorial information associated with the instrument corresponding to the instrument location. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one user device is configured for generating the plurality of tutorial information. 5. The system of claim 1 further comprising a processing device communicatively coupled with the communication device, wherein the communication device is configured for:
receiving at least one feedback associated with the plurality of tutorial information from the at least one user device; and
transmitting a rating to the at least one user device, wherein the processing device is configured for:
analyzing the at least one feedback; and
generating the rating for the plurality of tutorial information based on the analyzing. 6. The system of claim 1 further comprising a processing device communicatively coupled with the communication device and the storage device, wherein the communication device is further configured for receiving an instrument location request associated with the instrument from the at least one user device, wherein the processing device is configured for:
analyzing the instrument location request; and
determining a new instrument location of the instrument associated with the facility blueprint based on the analyzing, wherein the storage device is configured for storing the plurality of tutorial information associated with the instrument corresponding to the new instrument location. 7. The system of claim 1 further comprising a processing device communicatively coupled with the communication device and the storage device, wherein the processing device is configured for:
identifying a plurality of tutorial metadata associated with the plurality of tutorial information; and
analyzing the plurality of tutorial information based on the plurality of tutorial metadata, wherein the storage device is configured for storing the plurality of tutorial information associated with the instrument corresponding to the instrument location based on the analyzing. 8. The system of claim 1 further comprising a processing device communicatively coupled with the communication device and the storage device, wherein the communication device is configured for:
receiving a plurality of instrument information associated with the instrument from the at least one user device; and
receiving a plurality of additional information corresponding to the plurality of instrument information from the at least one user device, wherein the processing device is configured for:
analyzing the plurality of instrument information and the plurality of additional information; and
generating the plurality of tutorial information based on the analyzing. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of tutorial information is characterized by at least one tutorial characteristic, wherein the at least one tutorial characteristic comprises at least one of a description, an instruction, and a duration. 10. The system of claim 1 further comprising a processing device communicatively coupled with the communication device and the storage device, wherein the communication device is configured for:
receiving at least one sensor data from at least one sensor, wherein the at least one sensor is configured for generating the at least one sensor data associated with the at least one instrument; and
transmitting a plurality of tutorial information to the at least one user device, wherein the processing device is configured for:
analyzing the at least one sensor data; and
identifying an instrument of the at least one instrument based on the analyzing, wherein the storage device is configured for retrieving the plurality of tutorial information based on the identifying. 11. A method for facilitating creating of customizable tutorials for instruments specific to a particular facility, the method comprising:
receiving, using a communication device, a facility blueprint of a facility from at least one user device, wherein the facility blueprint facilitates locating at least one instrument disposed in the facility; receiving, using the communication device, an instrument location of an instrument associated with the facility blueprint from the at least one user device; receiving, using the communication device, a plurality of tutorial information associated with the instrument corresponding to the instrument location from the at least one user device, wherein the plurality of tutorial information comprises at least one of visual information and aural information; and storing, using a storage device, the plurality of tutorial information associated with the instrument corresponding to the instrument location. 12. The method of claim 11 further comprising:
transmitting, using the communication device, the facility blueprint to at least one first user device;
receiving, using the communication device, an instrument indication corresponding to an instrument of the at least one instrument from the at least one first user device;
retrieving, using the storage device, a plurality of tutorial information associated with the instrument based on the instrument indication; and
transmitting, using the communication device, the plurality of tutorial information associated with the instrument to the at least one first user device, wherein the at least one first user device is configured for presenting the plurality of tutorial information. 13. The method of claim 11 further comprising:
receiving, using the communication device, at least one user information from the at least one user device;
analyzing, using a processing device, the plurality of tutorial information based on the at least one user information;
generating, using the processing device, a plurality of new tutorial information corresponding to the plurality of tutorial information based on the analyzing, and
storing, using the storage device, the plurality of new tutorial information associated with the instrument corresponding to the instrument location. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the at least one user device is configured for generating the plurality of tutorial information. 15. The method of claim 11 further comprising:
receiving, using the communication device, at least one feedback associated with the plurality of tutorial information from the at least one user device;
analyzing, using a processing device, the at least one feedback;
generating, using the processing device, a rating for the plurality of tutorial information based on the analyzing; and
transmitting, using the communication device, the rating to the at least one user device. 16. The method of claim 11 further comprising:
receiving, using the communication device, an instrument location request associated with the instrument from the at least one user device;
analyzing, using a processing device, the instrument location request;
determining, using the processing device, a new instrument location of the instrument associated with the facility blueprint based on the analyzing; and
storing, using the storage device, the plurality of tutorial information associated with the instrument corresponding to the new instrument location. 17. The method of claim 11 further comprising:
identifying, using a processing device, a plurality of tutorial metadata associated with the plurality of tutorial information;
analyzing, using the processing device, the plurality of tutorial information based on the plurality of tutorial metadata; and
storing, using the storage device, the plurality of tutorial information associated with the instrument corresponding to the instrument location based on the analyzing. 18. The method of claim 11 further comprising:
receiving, using the communication device, a plurality of instrument information associated with the instrument from the at least one user device;
receiving, using the communication device, a plurality of additional information corresponding to the plurality of instrument information from the at least one user device;
analyzing, using a processing device, the plurality of instrument information and the plurality of additional information; and
generating, using the processing device, the plurality of tutorial information based on the analyzing. 19. The method of claim 11, wherein the plurality of tutorial information is characterized by at least one tutorial characteristic, wherein the at least one tutorial characteristic comprises at least one of a description, an instruction, and a duration. 20. The method of claim 11 further comprising:
receiving, using the communication device, at least one sensor data from at least one sensor, wherein the at least one sensor is configured for generating the at least one sensor data associated with the at least one instrument;
analyzing, using a processing device, the at least one sensor data; and
identifying, using the processing device, an instrument of the at least one instrument based on the analyzing;
retrieving, using the storage device, a plurality of tutorial information associated with the instrument based on the identifying; and
transmitting, using the communication device, the plurality of tutorial information to the at least one user device. | Disclosed herein is a method of facilitating creating of customizable tutorials for instruments specific to a particular facility, in accordance with some embodiments. Accordingly, the method may include a step of receiving, using a communication device, a facility blueprint of a facility from at least one user device. Further, the method may include a step of receiving, using the communication device, an instrument location of an instrument associated with the facility blueprint from the at least one user device. Further, the method may include a step of receiving, using the communication device, a plurality of tutorial information associated with the instrument corresponding to the instrument location from the at least one user device. Further, the method may include a step of storing, using a storage device, the plurality of tutorial information associated with the instrument corresponding to the instrument location.1. A system for facilitating creating of customizable tutorials for instruments specific to a particular facility, the system comprising:
a communication device configured for:
receiving a facility blueprint of a facility from at least one user device, wherein the facility blueprint facilitates locating at least one instrument disposed in the facility;
receiving an instrument location of an instrument associated with the facility blueprint from the at least one user device; and
receiving a plurality of tutorial information associated with the instrument corresponding to the instrument location from the at least one user device, wherein the plurality of tutorial information comprises at least one of visual information and aural information; and
a storage device configured for storing the plurality of tutorial information associated with the instrument corresponding to the instrument location. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the communication device is further configured for:
transmitting the facility blueprint to at least one first user device; receiving an instrument indication corresponding to an instrument of the at least one instrument from the at least one first user device; and transmitting a plurality of tutorial information associated with the instrument to the at least one first user device, wherein the at least one first user device is configured for presenting the plurality of tutorial information, wherein the storage device is configured for retrieving the plurality of tutorial information associated with the instrument based on the instrument indication. 3. The system of claim 1 further comprising a processing device communicatively coupled with the communication device and the storage device, wherein the communication device is configured for receiving at least one user information from the at least one user device, wherein, the processing device is configured for:
analyzing the plurality of tutorial information based on the at least one user information; and
generating a plurality of new tutorial information corresponding to the plurality of tutorial information based on the analyzing, wherein the storage device is configured for storing the plurality of new tutorial information associated with the instrument corresponding to the instrument location. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one user device is configured for generating the plurality of tutorial information. 5. The system of claim 1 further comprising a processing device communicatively coupled with the communication device, wherein the communication device is configured for:
receiving at least one feedback associated with the plurality of tutorial information from the at least one user device; and
transmitting a rating to the at least one user device, wherein the processing device is configured for:
analyzing the at least one feedback; and
generating the rating for the plurality of tutorial information based on the analyzing. 6. The system of claim 1 further comprising a processing device communicatively coupled with the communication device and the storage device, wherein the communication device is further configured for receiving an instrument location request associated with the instrument from the at least one user device, wherein the processing device is configured for:
analyzing the instrument location request; and
determining a new instrument location of the instrument associated with the facility blueprint based on the analyzing, wherein the storage device is configured for storing the plurality of tutorial information associated with the instrument corresponding to the new instrument location. 7. The system of claim 1 further comprising a processing device communicatively coupled with the communication device and the storage device, wherein the processing device is configured for:
identifying a plurality of tutorial metadata associated with the plurality of tutorial information; and
analyzing the plurality of tutorial information based on the plurality of tutorial metadata, wherein the storage device is configured for storing the plurality of tutorial information associated with the instrument corresponding to the instrument location based on the analyzing. 8. The system of claim 1 further comprising a processing device communicatively coupled with the communication device and the storage device, wherein the communication device is configured for:
receiving a plurality of instrument information associated with the instrument from the at least one user device; and
receiving a plurality of additional information corresponding to the plurality of instrument information from the at least one user device, wherein the processing device is configured for:
analyzing the plurality of instrument information and the plurality of additional information; and
generating the plurality of tutorial information based on the analyzing. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of tutorial information is characterized by at least one tutorial characteristic, wherein the at least one tutorial characteristic comprises at least one of a description, an instruction, and a duration. 10. The system of claim 1 further comprising a processing device communicatively coupled with the communication device and the storage device, wherein the communication device is configured for:
receiving at least one sensor data from at least one sensor, wherein the at least one sensor is configured for generating the at least one sensor data associated with the at least one instrument; and
transmitting a plurality of tutorial information to the at least one user device, wherein the processing device is configured for:
analyzing the at least one sensor data; and
identifying an instrument of the at least one instrument based on the analyzing, wherein the storage device is configured for retrieving the plurality of tutorial information based on the identifying. 11. A method for facilitating creating of customizable tutorials for instruments specific to a particular facility, the method comprising:
receiving, using a communication device, a facility blueprint of a facility from at least one user device, wherein the facility blueprint facilitates locating at least one instrument disposed in the facility; receiving, using the communication device, an instrument location of an instrument associated with the facility blueprint from the at least one user device; receiving, using the communication device, a plurality of tutorial information associated with the instrument corresponding to the instrument location from the at least one user device, wherein the plurality of tutorial information comprises at least one of visual information and aural information; and storing, using a storage device, the plurality of tutorial information associated with the instrument corresponding to the instrument location. 12. The method of claim 11 further comprising:
transmitting, using the communication device, the facility blueprint to at least one first user device;
receiving, using the communication device, an instrument indication corresponding to an instrument of the at least one instrument from the at least one first user device;
retrieving, using the storage device, a plurality of tutorial information associated with the instrument based on the instrument indication; and
transmitting, using the communication device, the plurality of tutorial information associated with the instrument to the at least one first user device, wherein the at least one first user device is configured for presenting the plurality of tutorial information. 13. The method of claim 11 further comprising:
receiving, using the communication device, at least one user information from the at least one user device;
analyzing, using a processing device, the plurality of tutorial information based on the at least one user information;
generating, using the processing device, a plurality of new tutorial information corresponding to the plurality of tutorial information based on the analyzing, and
storing, using the storage device, the plurality of new tutorial information associated with the instrument corresponding to the instrument location. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the at least one user device is configured for generating the plurality of tutorial information. 15. The method of claim 11 further comprising:
receiving, using the communication device, at least one feedback associated with the plurality of tutorial information from the at least one user device;
analyzing, using a processing device, the at least one feedback;
generating, using the processing device, a rating for the plurality of tutorial information based on the analyzing; and
transmitting, using the communication device, the rating to the at least one user device. 16. The method of claim 11 further comprising:
receiving, using the communication device, an instrument location request associated with the instrument from the at least one user device;
analyzing, using a processing device, the instrument location request;
determining, using the processing device, a new instrument location of the instrument associated with the facility blueprint based on the analyzing; and
storing, using the storage device, the plurality of tutorial information associated with the instrument corresponding to the new instrument location. 17. The method of claim 11 further comprising:
identifying, using a processing device, a plurality of tutorial metadata associated with the plurality of tutorial information;
analyzing, using the processing device, the plurality of tutorial information based on the plurality of tutorial metadata; and
storing, using the storage device, the plurality of tutorial information associated with the instrument corresponding to the instrument location based on the analyzing. 18. The method of claim 11 further comprising:
receiving, using the communication device, a plurality of instrument information associated with the instrument from the at least one user device;
receiving, using the communication device, a plurality of additional information corresponding to the plurality of instrument information from the at least one user device;
analyzing, using a processing device, the plurality of instrument information and the plurality of additional information; and
generating, using the processing device, the plurality of tutorial information based on the analyzing. 19. The method of claim 11, wherein the plurality of tutorial information is characterized by at least one tutorial characteristic, wherein the at least one tutorial characteristic comprises at least one of a description, an instruction, and a duration. 20. The method of claim 11 further comprising:
receiving, using the communication device, at least one sensor data from at least one sensor, wherein the at least one sensor is configured for generating the at least one sensor data associated with the at least one instrument;
analyzing, using a processing device, the at least one sensor data; and
identifying, using the processing device, an instrument of the at least one instrument based on the analyzing;
retrieving, using the storage device, a plurality of tutorial information associated with the instrument based on the identifying; and
transmitting, using the communication device, the plurality of tutorial information to the at least one user device. | 3,600 |
340,001 | 16,800,948 | 3,657 | A computing system receives data from one or more hearing instruments. Additionally, the computing system determines, based on the data received from the one or more hearing instruments, a heart health measure for a user of the one or more hearing instruments. The heart health measure is an indication of one or more aspects of a health of a heart of the user. The computing system may output an indication of the heart health measure. | 1. A computer-implemented method comprising:
receiving, by a computing system comprising a set of one or more electronic computing devices, heart-related data from one or more hearing instruments; determining, by the computing system, based on the heart-related data received from the one or more hearing instruments, a heart health measure for a user of the one or more hearing instruments, the heart health measure being an indication of one or more aspects of a health of a heart of the user; and outputting, by the computing system, an indication of the heart health measure to the user of the hearing instruments. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein:
a particular hearing instrument in the set of hearing instruments is configured to receive a request for the heart-related data and wirelessly transmit the heart-related data in response to the request, wherein the request is initiated by the user of the one or more hearing instruments, the particular hearing instrument uses electrical energy from a battery internal to the particular hearing instrument to wirelessly transmit the heart-related data to the computing system in response to the request, determining the heart health measure comprises increasing, by the computing system, a point total of the user by one or more points based on a number of times that the user initiated a request for the heart-related data during a scoring time period; and the method further comprises:
determining, by the computing system, based on the heart-related data, whether to generate a notification; and
based on a determination to generate the notification, sending, by the computing device, the notification to one or more recipients. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein the one or more recipients include at least one of:
the user of the hearing instruments, or a third party, wherein the third party is a party other than the user of the hearing instruments and other than a provider of the computing system. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein determining the heart health measure comprises:
determining, by the computing system, a plurality of sub-components of the heart health measure; and determining, by the computing system, the heart health measure based on the plurality of sub-components of the heart health measure. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 4, wherein determining the plurality of sub-components comprises one or more of:
determining, by the computing system, a heart rate sub-component, or determining, by the computing system, a heart rate recovery sub-component. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining, by the computing system, based on the data received from the one or more hearing instruments, a body measure for the user, the body measure being an indication of physical health of the user; and outputting, by the computing system, an indication of the body measure. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 6, wherein the heart health measure is a sub-component of the body measure. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 6, further comprising determining a wellness measure based on the body measure and the heart health measure, the wellness measure being an indication of an overall wellness of the user. 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein:
the heart-related data from the one or more hearing instruments is based on one or more of:
a signal from a photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor of the one or more hearing instruments,
a signal from an inertial measurement unit (IMU) of the one or more hearing instruments, or
one or more signals from electrocardiogram (ECG) electrodes of the one or more hearing instruments. 10. A computing system comprising:
a communication unit configured to receive data from one or more hearing instruments; and one or more processors configured to:
receive heart-related data from one or more hearing instruments;
determine, based on the heart-related data received from the one or more hearing instruments, a heart health measure for a user of the one or more hearing instruments, the heart health measure being an indication of one or more aspects of a health of a heart of the user; and
output an indication of the heart health measure to the user of the hearing instruments. 11. The computing system of claim 10, wherein:
a particular hearing instrument in the set of hearing instruments is configured to receive a request for the heart-related data and wirelessly transmit the heart-related data in response to the request, wherein the request is initiated by the user of the one or more hearing instruments, the particular hearing instrument uses electrical energy from a battery internal to the particular hearing instrument to wirelessly transmit the heart-related data to the computing system in response to the request, the one or more processors are configured such that, as part of determining the heart health measure, the one or more processors are configured to increase a point total of the user by one or more points based on a number of times that the user initiated a request for the heart-related data during a scoring time period; and the one or more processors are further configured to:
determine, based on the heart-related data, whether to generate a notification; and
based on a determination to generate the notification, send the notification to one or more recipients. 12. The computing system of claim 11, wherein the one or more recipients include at least one of:
the user of the hearing instruments, or a third party, wherein the third party is a party other than the user of the hearing instruments and other than a provider of the computing system. 13. The computing system of claim 10, wherein the one or more processors are configured such that, as part of determining the heart health measure, the one or more processors:
determine a plurality of sub-components of the heart health measure; and determine the heart health measure based on the plurality of sub-components of the heart health measure. 14. The computing system of claim 13, wherein the one or more processors are configured such that, as part of determining the plurality of sub-components, the one or more processors:
determine a heart rate sub-component, or determine a heart rate recovery sub-component. 15. The computing system of claim 10, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:
determine, based on the data received from the one or more hearing instruments, a body measure for the user, the body measure being an indication of physical health of the user; and output an indication of the body measure. 16. The computer system of claim 15, wherein the heart health measure is a sub-component of the body measure. 17. The computing system of claim 15, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to determine a wellness measure based on the body measure and the heart health measure, the wellness measure being an indication of an overall wellness of the user. 18. The computing system of claim 10, wherein:
the heart-related data from the one or more hearing instruments is based on one or more of:
a signal from a photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor of the one or more hearing instruments,
a signal from an inertial measurement unit (IMU) of the one or more hearing instruments, or
one or more signals from electrocardiogram (ECG) electrodes of the one or more hearing instruments. 19. A computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon that, when executed, cause a computing system to:
receive heart-related data from one or more hearing instruments; determine, based on the heart-related data received from the one or more hearing instruments, a heart health measure for a user of the one or more hearing instruments, the heart health measure being an indication of one or more aspects of a health of a heart of the user; and output an indication of the heart health measure to the user of the hearing instruments. 20. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein:
a particular hearing instrument in the set of hearing instruments is configured to receive a request for the heart-related data and wirelessly transmit the heart-related data in response to the request, wherein the request is initiated by the user of the one or more hearing instruments, the particular hearing instrument uses electrical energy from a battery internal to the particular hearing instrument to wirelessly transmit the heart-related data to the computing system in response to the request, as part of causing the computing system to determine the heart health measure, execution of the instructions causes the computing system to increase a point total of the user by one or more points based on a number of times that the user initiated a request for the heart-related data during a scoring time period; and execution of the instructions further causes the computing system to:
determine, based on the heart-related data, whether to generate a notification; and
based on a determination to generate the notification, send the notification to one or more recipients. | A computing system receives data from one or more hearing instruments. Additionally, the computing system determines, based on the data received from the one or more hearing instruments, a heart health measure for a user of the one or more hearing instruments. The heart health measure is an indication of one or more aspects of a health of a heart of the user. The computing system may output an indication of the heart health measure.1. A computer-implemented method comprising:
receiving, by a computing system comprising a set of one or more electronic computing devices, heart-related data from one or more hearing instruments; determining, by the computing system, based on the heart-related data received from the one or more hearing instruments, a heart health measure for a user of the one or more hearing instruments, the heart health measure being an indication of one or more aspects of a health of a heart of the user; and outputting, by the computing system, an indication of the heart health measure to the user of the hearing instruments. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein:
a particular hearing instrument in the set of hearing instruments is configured to receive a request for the heart-related data and wirelessly transmit the heart-related data in response to the request, wherein the request is initiated by the user of the one or more hearing instruments, the particular hearing instrument uses electrical energy from a battery internal to the particular hearing instrument to wirelessly transmit the heart-related data to the computing system in response to the request, determining the heart health measure comprises increasing, by the computing system, a point total of the user by one or more points based on a number of times that the user initiated a request for the heart-related data during a scoring time period; and the method further comprises:
determining, by the computing system, based on the heart-related data, whether to generate a notification; and
based on a determination to generate the notification, sending, by the computing device, the notification to one or more recipients. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein the one or more recipients include at least one of:
the user of the hearing instruments, or a third party, wherein the third party is a party other than the user of the hearing instruments and other than a provider of the computing system. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein determining the heart health measure comprises:
determining, by the computing system, a plurality of sub-components of the heart health measure; and determining, by the computing system, the heart health measure based on the plurality of sub-components of the heart health measure. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 4, wherein determining the plurality of sub-components comprises one or more of:
determining, by the computing system, a heart rate sub-component, or determining, by the computing system, a heart rate recovery sub-component. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining, by the computing system, based on the data received from the one or more hearing instruments, a body measure for the user, the body measure being an indication of physical health of the user; and outputting, by the computing system, an indication of the body measure. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 6, wherein the heart health measure is a sub-component of the body measure. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 6, further comprising determining a wellness measure based on the body measure and the heart health measure, the wellness measure being an indication of an overall wellness of the user. 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein:
the heart-related data from the one or more hearing instruments is based on one or more of:
a signal from a photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor of the one or more hearing instruments,
a signal from an inertial measurement unit (IMU) of the one or more hearing instruments, or
one or more signals from electrocardiogram (ECG) electrodes of the one or more hearing instruments. 10. A computing system comprising:
a communication unit configured to receive data from one or more hearing instruments; and one or more processors configured to:
receive heart-related data from one or more hearing instruments;
determine, based on the heart-related data received from the one or more hearing instruments, a heart health measure for a user of the one or more hearing instruments, the heart health measure being an indication of one or more aspects of a health of a heart of the user; and
output an indication of the heart health measure to the user of the hearing instruments. 11. The computing system of claim 10, wherein:
a particular hearing instrument in the set of hearing instruments is configured to receive a request for the heart-related data and wirelessly transmit the heart-related data in response to the request, wherein the request is initiated by the user of the one or more hearing instruments, the particular hearing instrument uses electrical energy from a battery internal to the particular hearing instrument to wirelessly transmit the heart-related data to the computing system in response to the request, the one or more processors are configured such that, as part of determining the heart health measure, the one or more processors are configured to increase a point total of the user by one or more points based on a number of times that the user initiated a request for the heart-related data during a scoring time period; and the one or more processors are further configured to:
determine, based on the heart-related data, whether to generate a notification; and
based on a determination to generate the notification, send the notification to one or more recipients. 12. The computing system of claim 11, wherein the one or more recipients include at least one of:
the user of the hearing instruments, or a third party, wherein the third party is a party other than the user of the hearing instruments and other than a provider of the computing system. 13. The computing system of claim 10, wherein the one or more processors are configured such that, as part of determining the heart health measure, the one or more processors:
determine a plurality of sub-components of the heart health measure; and determine the heart health measure based on the plurality of sub-components of the heart health measure. 14. The computing system of claim 13, wherein the one or more processors are configured such that, as part of determining the plurality of sub-components, the one or more processors:
determine a heart rate sub-component, or determine a heart rate recovery sub-component. 15. The computing system of claim 10, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:
determine, based on the data received from the one or more hearing instruments, a body measure for the user, the body measure being an indication of physical health of the user; and output an indication of the body measure. 16. The computer system of claim 15, wherein the heart health measure is a sub-component of the body measure. 17. The computing system of claim 15, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to determine a wellness measure based on the body measure and the heart health measure, the wellness measure being an indication of an overall wellness of the user. 18. The computing system of claim 10, wherein:
the heart-related data from the one or more hearing instruments is based on one or more of:
a signal from a photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor of the one or more hearing instruments,
a signal from an inertial measurement unit (IMU) of the one or more hearing instruments, or
one or more signals from electrocardiogram (ECG) electrodes of the one or more hearing instruments. 19. A computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon that, when executed, cause a computing system to:
receive heart-related data from one or more hearing instruments; determine, based on the heart-related data received from the one or more hearing instruments, a heart health measure for a user of the one or more hearing instruments, the heart health measure being an indication of one or more aspects of a health of a heart of the user; and output an indication of the heart health measure to the user of the hearing instruments. 20. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein:
a particular hearing instrument in the set of hearing instruments is configured to receive a request for the heart-related data and wirelessly transmit the heart-related data in response to the request, wherein the request is initiated by the user of the one or more hearing instruments, the particular hearing instrument uses electrical energy from a battery internal to the particular hearing instrument to wirelessly transmit the heart-related data to the computing system in response to the request, as part of causing the computing system to determine the heart health measure, execution of the instructions causes the computing system to increase a point total of the user by one or more points based on a number of times that the user initiated a request for the heart-related data during a scoring time period; and execution of the instructions further causes the computing system to:
determine, based on the heart-related data, whether to generate a notification; and
based on a determination to generate the notification, send the notification to one or more recipients. | 3,600 |
340,002 | 16,800,905 | 3,657 | A system for treating a bifurcation includes a first radially expandable stent and a second radially expandable stent. The first stent has a side hole and a plurality of lateral elements extending from the side hole. The second stent has a plurality of axial elements extending away from the proximal end of the second stent. The axial elements of the second stent interdigitate with the lateral elements of the first stent when both stents have been expanded. | 1. A system for treating a bifurcation, the system comprising:
a first radially expandable stent comprising a proximal end, a distal end, a sidewall having a side hole therethrough, and a plurality of lateral elements extending laterally away from the side hole, wherein the first radially expandable stent has a collapsed configuration and an expanded configuration, in the collapsed configuration the first radially expandable stent configured for delivery to the bifurcation, and in the expanded configuration the first radially expandable stent configured to support a vessel wall adjacent the bifurcation; a second radially expandable stent comprising a proximal end, a distal end, and a plurality of axial elements extending axially away from the proximal end of the second radially expandable stent, and wherein the second radially expandable stent has a collapsed configuration and an expanded configuration, in the collapsed configuration the second radially expandable stent configured for delivery to the bifurcation, and in the expanded configuration the second radially expandable stent configured to support a vessel wall adjacent the bifurcation, and wherein the plurality of axial elements of the second radially expandable stent are interdigitated with the plurality of lateral elements of the first radially expandable stern when the first radially expandable stent and the second radially expandable stent are in the expanded configuration; a first delivery catheter comprising a first elongate shaft with a proximal end and a distal end, and a first expandable member adjacent the distal end of the first elongate shaft, wherein the first radially expandable stent is disposed on the first expandable member; and a second delivery catheter comprising a second elongate shaft with a proximal end and a distal end, and a second expandable member adjacent the distal end of the second elongate shaft, wherein the second radially expandable stent disposed on the second expandable member, and wherein the first delivery catheter is coupled to the second delivery catheter, so that the first and second delivery catheters are alongside each other during advancement to the bifurcation. 2. The system of claim 1; wherein the plurality of axial elements comprise a plurality of interconnected struts. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of lateral elements comprise a plurality of interconnected struts. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the first radially expandable stent or the second radially expandable stent is balloon expandable. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of axial elements form an edge with a plurality of peaks and valleys. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of lateral elements form an edge with a plurality of peaks and valleys. 7. The system of claim 1, further comprising a therapeutic agent disposed on the first radially expandable stent or the second radially expandable stent, the therapeutic agent adapted to being eluted therefrom. 8.The system of claim 1, wherein the first expandable member and the second expandable member are independently expandable of one another. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the first expandable member or the second expandable member is a balloon. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the second expandable member is axially spaced apart from the first expandable member such that the second expandable member is distal to the first expandable member during advancement to the bifurcation. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of axial elements comprise one or more struts formed into a series of peaks and valleys, and the plurality of lateral elements comprise one or more struts formed into a series of peaks and valleys, wherein the interdigitation comprises a peak on one of the axial elements being positioned into a valley on one of the lateral elements, or a peak on one of the lateral elements being positioned into a valley on one of the axial elements. 12. The system of claim 1, wherein the interdigitation of axial and lateral elements provide uniform scaffolding to tissue around the bifurcation 13. The system of claim 1, wherein the interdigitation of axial and lateral elements provide continuous scaffolding to tissue around the bifurcation. | A system for treating a bifurcation includes a first radially expandable stent and a second radially expandable stent. The first stent has a side hole and a plurality of lateral elements extending from the side hole. The second stent has a plurality of axial elements extending away from the proximal end of the second stent. The axial elements of the second stent interdigitate with the lateral elements of the first stent when both stents have been expanded.1. A system for treating a bifurcation, the system comprising:
a first radially expandable stent comprising a proximal end, a distal end, a sidewall having a side hole therethrough, and a plurality of lateral elements extending laterally away from the side hole, wherein the first radially expandable stent has a collapsed configuration and an expanded configuration, in the collapsed configuration the first radially expandable stent configured for delivery to the bifurcation, and in the expanded configuration the first radially expandable stent configured to support a vessel wall adjacent the bifurcation; a second radially expandable stent comprising a proximal end, a distal end, and a plurality of axial elements extending axially away from the proximal end of the second radially expandable stent, and wherein the second radially expandable stent has a collapsed configuration and an expanded configuration, in the collapsed configuration the second radially expandable stent configured for delivery to the bifurcation, and in the expanded configuration the second radially expandable stent configured to support a vessel wall adjacent the bifurcation, and wherein the plurality of axial elements of the second radially expandable stent are interdigitated with the plurality of lateral elements of the first radially expandable stern when the first radially expandable stent and the second radially expandable stent are in the expanded configuration; a first delivery catheter comprising a first elongate shaft with a proximal end and a distal end, and a first expandable member adjacent the distal end of the first elongate shaft, wherein the first radially expandable stent is disposed on the first expandable member; and a second delivery catheter comprising a second elongate shaft with a proximal end and a distal end, and a second expandable member adjacent the distal end of the second elongate shaft, wherein the second radially expandable stent disposed on the second expandable member, and wherein the first delivery catheter is coupled to the second delivery catheter, so that the first and second delivery catheters are alongside each other during advancement to the bifurcation. 2. The system of claim 1; wherein the plurality of axial elements comprise a plurality of interconnected struts. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of lateral elements comprise a plurality of interconnected struts. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the first radially expandable stent or the second radially expandable stent is balloon expandable. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of axial elements form an edge with a plurality of peaks and valleys. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of lateral elements form an edge with a plurality of peaks and valleys. 7. The system of claim 1, further comprising a therapeutic agent disposed on the first radially expandable stent or the second radially expandable stent, the therapeutic agent adapted to being eluted therefrom. 8.The system of claim 1, wherein the first expandable member and the second expandable member are independently expandable of one another. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the first expandable member or the second expandable member is a balloon. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the second expandable member is axially spaced apart from the first expandable member such that the second expandable member is distal to the first expandable member during advancement to the bifurcation. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of axial elements comprise one or more struts formed into a series of peaks and valleys, and the plurality of lateral elements comprise one or more struts formed into a series of peaks and valleys, wherein the interdigitation comprises a peak on one of the axial elements being positioned into a valley on one of the lateral elements, or a peak on one of the lateral elements being positioned into a valley on one of the axial elements. 12. The system of claim 1, wherein the interdigitation of axial and lateral elements provide uniform scaffolding to tissue around the bifurcation 13. The system of claim 1, wherein the interdigitation of axial and lateral elements provide continuous scaffolding to tissue around the bifurcation. | 3,600 |
340,003 | 16,800,934 | 3,657 | Methods and systems for data auto-tiering are disclosed. According to some embodiments, the method receives a multiplicity of data streams. For each data stream, the method detects a data change within the data stream. The method further determines a magnitude of the data change. The method further assigns a tier level to the data stream based on the magnitude of the data change. | 1. A computer-implemented method of data auto-tiering, comprising:
receiving a plurality of data streams; and for each data stream,
detecting a data change within the data stream,
determining a magnitude of the data change, and
assigning a tier level to the data stream based on the magnitude of the data change. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein detecting the data change within the data stream comprises:
using a first sliding window on a data point where a last data change was detected, and using a second sliding window that slides a step forward every time there is new data in the data stream. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein determining the magnitude of the data change comprises: evaluating a supremum based on a first probabilistic distribution associated with the first sliding window and a second probabilistic distribution associated with the second sliding window. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the assigned tier level is a lowest tier level representing minimum bandwidth and storage, a medium tier level representing optimum bandwidth and storage, or a highest tier level representing maximum bandwidth and storage. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the magnitude of the data change is a factor of a predetermined value. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the factor is between 0 and 0.5, greater than 0.5 but less than 0.75, or greater than 0.75. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the predetermined value is 1. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the detection of the data change, the determination of the magnitude of the data change, and the assignment of the tier level to the data stream are run in parallel for each of the data streams. 9. A non-transitory machine-readable medium having instructions stored therein, which when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform operations, the operations comprising:
receiving a plurality of data streams; and for each data stream,
detecting a data change within the data stream,
determining a magnitude of the data change, and
assigning a tier level to the data stream based on the magnitude of the data change. 10. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 9, wherein detecting the data change within the data stream comprises:
using a first sliding window on a data point where a last data change was detected, and using a second sliding window that slides a step forward every time there is new data in the data stream. 11. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 10, wherein determining the magnitude of the data change comprises: evaluating a supremum based on a first probabilistic distribution associated with the first sliding window and a second probabilistic distribution associated with the second sliding window. 12. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the assigned tier level is a lowest tier level representing minimum bandwidth and storage, a medium tier level representing optimum bandwidth and storage, or a highest tier level representing maximum bandwidth and storage. 13. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the magnitude of the data change is a factor of a predetermined value. 14. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 13, wherein the factor is between 0 and 0.5, greater than 0.5 but less than 0.75, or greater than 0.75. 15. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 14, wherein the predetermined value is 1. 16. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the detection of the data change, the determination of the magnitude of the data change, and the assignment of the tier level to the data stream are run in parallel for each of the data streams. 17. A data processing system, comprising:
a processor; and a memory coupled to the processor to store instructions, which when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform operations, the operations comprising: receiving a plurality of data streams; and for each data stream,
detecting a data change within the data stream,
determining a magnitude of the data change, and
assigning a tier level to the data stream based on the magnitude of the data change. 18. The data processing system of claim 17, wherein detecting the data change within the data stream comprises:
using a first sliding window on a data point where a last data change was detected, and using a second sliding window that slides a step forward every time there is new data in the data stream. 19. The data processing system of claim 18, wherein determining the magnitude of the data change comprises: evaluating a supremum based on a first probabilistic distribution associated with the first sliding window and a second probabilistic distribution associated with the second sliding window. 20. The data processing system of claim 17, wherein the assigned tier level is a lowest tier level representing minimum bandwidth and storage, a medium tier level representing optimum bandwidth and storage, or a highest tier level representing maximum bandwidth and storage. | Methods and systems for data auto-tiering are disclosed. According to some embodiments, the method receives a multiplicity of data streams. For each data stream, the method detects a data change within the data stream. The method further determines a magnitude of the data change. The method further assigns a tier level to the data stream based on the magnitude of the data change.1. A computer-implemented method of data auto-tiering, comprising:
receiving a plurality of data streams; and for each data stream,
detecting a data change within the data stream,
determining a magnitude of the data change, and
assigning a tier level to the data stream based on the magnitude of the data change. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein detecting the data change within the data stream comprises:
using a first sliding window on a data point where a last data change was detected, and using a second sliding window that slides a step forward every time there is new data in the data stream. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein determining the magnitude of the data change comprises: evaluating a supremum based on a first probabilistic distribution associated with the first sliding window and a second probabilistic distribution associated with the second sliding window. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the assigned tier level is a lowest tier level representing minimum bandwidth and storage, a medium tier level representing optimum bandwidth and storage, or a highest tier level representing maximum bandwidth and storage. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the magnitude of the data change is a factor of a predetermined value. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the factor is between 0 and 0.5, greater than 0.5 but less than 0.75, or greater than 0.75. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the predetermined value is 1. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the detection of the data change, the determination of the magnitude of the data change, and the assignment of the tier level to the data stream are run in parallel for each of the data streams. 9. A non-transitory machine-readable medium having instructions stored therein, which when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform operations, the operations comprising:
receiving a plurality of data streams; and for each data stream,
detecting a data change within the data stream,
determining a magnitude of the data change, and
assigning a tier level to the data stream based on the magnitude of the data change. 10. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 9, wherein detecting the data change within the data stream comprises:
using a first sliding window on a data point where a last data change was detected, and using a second sliding window that slides a step forward every time there is new data in the data stream. 11. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 10, wherein determining the magnitude of the data change comprises: evaluating a supremum based on a first probabilistic distribution associated with the first sliding window and a second probabilistic distribution associated with the second sliding window. 12. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the assigned tier level is a lowest tier level representing minimum bandwidth and storage, a medium tier level representing optimum bandwidth and storage, or a highest tier level representing maximum bandwidth and storage. 13. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the magnitude of the data change is a factor of a predetermined value. 14. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 13, wherein the factor is between 0 and 0.5, greater than 0.5 but less than 0.75, or greater than 0.75. 15. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 14, wherein the predetermined value is 1. 16. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the detection of the data change, the determination of the magnitude of the data change, and the assignment of the tier level to the data stream are run in parallel for each of the data streams. 17. A data processing system, comprising:
a processor; and a memory coupled to the processor to store instructions, which when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform operations, the operations comprising: receiving a plurality of data streams; and for each data stream,
detecting a data change within the data stream,
determining a magnitude of the data change, and
assigning a tier level to the data stream based on the magnitude of the data change. 18. The data processing system of claim 17, wherein detecting the data change within the data stream comprises:
using a first sliding window on a data point where a last data change was detected, and using a second sliding window that slides a step forward every time there is new data in the data stream. 19. The data processing system of claim 18, wherein determining the magnitude of the data change comprises: evaluating a supremum based on a first probabilistic distribution associated with the first sliding window and a second probabilistic distribution associated with the second sliding window. 20. The data processing system of claim 17, wherein the assigned tier level is a lowest tier level representing minimum bandwidth and storage, a medium tier level representing optimum bandwidth and storage, or a highest tier level representing maximum bandwidth and storage. | 3,600 |
340,004 | 16,800,965 | 3,657 | The present invention relates to the field of remote-control technology, and provides a remote control for remotely controlling a motorized device, the remote control including a first rocking lever device, a second rocking lever device, a processor and a signal transmitting device. A rod of the first rocking lever device is configured to perform a linear movement along a first direction and a second direction, so as to trigger the remote control to generate a first remote control instruction and a second remote control instruction, and is further configured to rotate along a third rotation direction and a fourth rotation direction, so as to trigger the remote control to generate a third direction and a fourth direction. The first direction is opposite to the second direction, and the third direction is opposite to the fourth direction. The processor is connected to the first rocking lever device and the second rocking lever device to process the first remote control instruction, the second remote control instruction, the third remote control instruction and the fourth remote control instruction. | 1. A remote control, configured to remotely control a motorized device, wherein the remote control comprises:
a first rocking lever device, a rod of the first rocking lever device being configured to perform a linear motion along a first direction or a second direction, so as to trigger the remote control to generate a first remote control instruction or a second remote control instruction, a rod of the first rocking lever device being further configured to be rotated along a third rotation direction or a fourth rotation direction, so as to trigger the remote control to generate a third remote control instruction or a fourth remote control instruction, the first direction being opposite to the second direction, the third rotation direction being opposite to the fourth rotation direction, the first remote control instruction being used to control the motorized device to perform a linear motion along the first direction, the second remote control instruction being used to control the motorized device to perform a linear motion along the second direction, the third remote control instruction being used to control the motorized device to auto-rotate along the third rotation direction, and the fourth remote control instruction being used to control the motorized device to auto-rotate along the fourth rotation direction; a second rocking lever device; a processor, the processor being connected to the first rocking lever device and the second rocking lever device, and being configured to process the first remote control instruction, the second remote control instruction, the third remote control instruction and the fourth remote control instruction; and a signal transmitting device, the signal transmitting device being connected to the processor and being configured to receive and send the first remote control instruction, the second remote control instruction, the third remote control instruction and the fourth remote control instruction that are processed by the processor. 2. The remote control according to claim 1, wherein the first rocking lever device comprises:
an operating lever assembly; a first magnetic element, the first magnetic element being mounted to the operating lever assembly; and a first circuit board comprising a first magnetic sensor, the first magnetic sensor facing the first magnetic element, wherein the first magnetic element may be driven by the operating lever assembly from an initial position of the first magnetic element to perform a linear movement along the first direction or the second direction relative to the first magnetic sensor. 3. The remote control according to claim 2, wherein the first rocking lever device comprises;
a second magnetic element, the second magnetic element being mounted to the operating lever assembly; and a second circuit board comprising a second magnetic sensor, the second magnetic sensor facing the second magnetic element, wherein the second magnetic element may be driven by the operating lever assembly from an initial position of the second magnetic element to be rotated along the third rotation direction or the fourth rotation direction relative to the second magnetic sensor. 4. The remote control according to claim 3, wherein the first rocking lever device comprises a first resetting assembly, the first resetting assembly being connected to the operating lever assembly, and the first resetting assembly being configured to reset the operating lever assembly along the second direction or the first direction, so that the first magnetic element is reset to an initial position thereof. 5. The remote control according to claim 4, wherein the first rocking lever device comprises a second resetting assembly, the second resetting assembly being connected to the operating lever assembly, and the second resetting assembly being configured to reset the operating lever assembly along the fourth rotation direction or the third rotation direction, so that the second magnetic element is reset to an initial position thereof. 6. The remote control according to claim 5, wherein the operating lever assembly comprises a first rod, a second rod and a pin shaft;
central shafts of the first rod and the second rod being both disposed along the first direction and the second direction; wherein an accommodating channel and a pin hole are disposed at the first rod, the accommodating channel being disposed along an axial direction of the first rod, and the pin hole being disposed at an outer side wall of the first rod; a sliding groove is disposed on an outer side wall of the second rod, the sliding groove being disposed along an axial direction of the second rod, and the second rod being partially accommodated in the accommodating channel and moving along the axial direction thereof relative to the first rod; and one end of the pin shaft passes through the pin hole and is accommodated in the sliding groove. 7. The remote control according to claim 6, wherein the second rod is connected to the first resetting assembly and the second resetting assembly; and
the first magnetic element is mounted to the first rod, the first rod, the pin shaft and the first magnetic element performing a linear movement along the first direction or the second direction relative to the second rod; and the first resetting assembly being configured to drive the pin shaft to be reset along the first direction or the second direction, so that the first magnetic element is reset to an initial position thereof. 8. The remote control according to claim 7, wherein the first resetting assembly comprises a fixing frame, a swinging block and an elastic element;
the fixing frame comprising a first limiting post and being provided with a first guide groove; there being two swinging blocks, one end of one swinging block and one end of the other swinging block being jointly hinged to the fixing frame; two ends of the elastic element being connected to the other end of each of the swinging blocks, respectively; the second rod being fixedly mounted to the fixing frame; and the pin shaft passing through the first guide groove, and moving along the first direction or the second direction within the first guide groove, and the pin shaft and the first limiting post being located between the two swinging blocks. 9. The remote control according to claim 8, wherein each of the swinging blocks comprises a hinging end, an abutting portion and a free end, the abutting portion being located between the hinging end and the free end;
two hinging ends of the two swinging blocks being jointly hinged to the fixing frame; two ends of the elastic element being connected to the two free ends of the two swinging blocks, respectively; and the pin shaft and the first limiting post are disposed side by side between the two abutting portions of the two swinging blocks. 10. The remote control according to claim 8, wherein the first circuit board is fixedly mounted to the fixing frame;
a lever channel being disposed at the fixing frame, the first rod and the second rod being partially accommodated in the lever channel; the second rod being connected to the second resetting assembly and the second magnetic element, wherein the second magnetic element may be driven by the second rod from an initial position of the second magnetic element to rotate along the third rotation direction or the fourth rotation direction relative to the second magnetic sensor; and the second resetting assembly is configured to reset the second rod along the fourth rotation direction or the third rotation direction, so that the second magnetic element is reset to an initial position thereof. 11. The remote control according to claim 10, wherein the second resetting assembly comprises a connecting frame, a rotating member and a torsion spring;
the connecting frame comprising a bottom, a second limiting post and an arc-shaped inner side wall, wherein the arc-shaped inner side wall is connected to the bottom, one end of the second limiting post being connected to the bottom; the rotating member comprising a bottom plate and an arc-shaped outer side wall, wherein the arc-shaped outer side wall is connected to the bottom plate; an arc-shaped second guide groove being disposed at the bottom plate, a gap being formed between two ends of the arc-shaped side wall; the second limiting post passing through the second guide groove; the torsion spring being partially accommodated in a space defined by the arc-shaped outer side wall, the torsion spring comprising two torsion spring arms, the two torsion spring arms passing through the gap and respectively abutting against both ends of the arc-shaped outer side wall; and the second rod passing through the connecting frame and the rotating member, and the second rod driving the rotating member to rotate along the third direction or the fourth direction relative to the connecting frame. 12. The remote control according to claim 11, wherein the second rod comprises a connecting end, the connecting end being fixedly connected to the second magnetic element. 13. The remote control according to claim 12, wherein the second resetting assembly comprises a fixing member, the second magnetic element being mounted to the fixing member, and the connecting end being fixedly connected to the fixing member. 14. The remote control according to claim 11, wherein the second circuit board is fixedly connected to the connecting frame. 15. The remote control according to claim 3, wherein the first magnetic sensor and the second magnetic sensor are both Hall elements. 16. The remote control according to claim 1, wherein a rod of the second rocking lever device is configured to move, so as to trigger the remote control to generate a remote control instruction of translation, the remote control instruction of translation being used to control the motorized device to move in a horizontal plane. 17. A motorized device, comprising a fuselage, and further comprising the remote control configured to remotely control a motorized device, wherein the remote control comprises:
a first rocking lever device, a rod of the first rocking lever device being configured to perform a linear motion along a first direction or a second direction, so as to trigger the remote control to generate a first remote control instruction or a second remote control instruction, a rod of the first rocking lever device being further configured to be rotated along a third rotation direction or a fourth rotation direction, so as to trigger the remote control to generate a third remote control instruction or a fourth remote control instruction, the first direction being opposite to the second direction, the third rotation direction being opposite to the fourth rotation direction, the first remote control instruction being used to control the motorized device to perform a linear motion along the first direction, the second remote control instruction being used to control the motorized device to perform a linear motion along the second direction, the third remote control instruction being used to control the motorized device to auto-rotate along the third rotation direction, and the fourth remote control instruction being used to control the motorized device to auto-rotate along the fourth rotation direction; a second rocking lever device; a processor, the processor being connected to the first rocking lever device and the second rocking lever device, and being configured to process the first remote control instruction, the second remote control instruction, the third remote control instruction and the fourth remote control instruction; and a signal transmitting device, the signal transmitting device being connected to the processor and being configured to receive and send the first remote control instruction, the second remote control instruction, the third remote control instruction and the fourth remote control instruction that are processed by the processor, the remote control being communicatively connected to the fuselage and being configured to control a flight status of the fuselage according to a remote control instruction generated by the first rocking lever device and the second rocking lever device; wherein the first remote control instruction is used to control the motorized device to perform a linear motion along the first direction, the second remote control instruction is used to control the motorized device to perform a linear motion along the second direction, the third remote control instruction is used to control the motorized device to auto-rotate along the third rotation direction, and the fourth remote control instruction is used to control the motorized device to auto-rotate along the fourth rotation direction. 18. The motorized device according to claim 17, wherein a rod of the second rocking lever device of the remote control is configured to move, so as to trigger the remote control to generate a remote control instruction of translation; wherein the remote control instruction of translation is used to control the motorized device to move within a horizontal plane. 19. The motorized device according to claim 17, wherein the motorized device is an unmanned aerial vehicle. | The present invention relates to the field of remote-control technology, and provides a remote control for remotely controlling a motorized device, the remote control including a first rocking lever device, a second rocking lever device, a processor and a signal transmitting device. A rod of the first rocking lever device is configured to perform a linear movement along a first direction and a second direction, so as to trigger the remote control to generate a first remote control instruction and a second remote control instruction, and is further configured to rotate along a third rotation direction and a fourth rotation direction, so as to trigger the remote control to generate a third direction and a fourth direction. The first direction is opposite to the second direction, and the third direction is opposite to the fourth direction. The processor is connected to the first rocking lever device and the second rocking lever device to process the first remote control instruction, the second remote control instruction, the third remote control instruction and the fourth remote control instruction.1. A remote control, configured to remotely control a motorized device, wherein the remote control comprises:
a first rocking lever device, a rod of the first rocking lever device being configured to perform a linear motion along a first direction or a second direction, so as to trigger the remote control to generate a first remote control instruction or a second remote control instruction, a rod of the first rocking lever device being further configured to be rotated along a third rotation direction or a fourth rotation direction, so as to trigger the remote control to generate a third remote control instruction or a fourth remote control instruction, the first direction being opposite to the second direction, the third rotation direction being opposite to the fourth rotation direction, the first remote control instruction being used to control the motorized device to perform a linear motion along the first direction, the second remote control instruction being used to control the motorized device to perform a linear motion along the second direction, the third remote control instruction being used to control the motorized device to auto-rotate along the third rotation direction, and the fourth remote control instruction being used to control the motorized device to auto-rotate along the fourth rotation direction; a second rocking lever device; a processor, the processor being connected to the first rocking lever device and the second rocking lever device, and being configured to process the first remote control instruction, the second remote control instruction, the third remote control instruction and the fourth remote control instruction; and a signal transmitting device, the signal transmitting device being connected to the processor and being configured to receive and send the first remote control instruction, the second remote control instruction, the third remote control instruction and the fourth remote control instruction that are processed by the processor. 2. The remote control according to claim 1, wherein the first rocking lever device comprises:
an operating lever assembly; a first magnetic element, the first magnetic element being mounted to the operating lever assembly; and a first circuit board comprising a first magnetic sensor, the first magnetic sensor facing the first magnetic element, wherein the first magnetic element may be driven by the operating lever assembly from an initial position of the first magnetic element to perform a linear movement along the first direction or the second direction relative to the first magnetic sensor. 3. The remote control according to claim 2, wherein the first rocking lever device comprises;
a second magnetic element, the second magnetic element being mounted to the operating lever assembly; and a second circuit board comprising a second magnetic sensor, the second magnetic sensor facing the second magnetic element, wherein the second magnetic element may be driven by the operating lever assembly from an initial position of the second magnetic element to be rotated along the third rotation direction or the fourth rotation direction relative to the second magnetic sensor. 4. The remote control according to claim 3, wherein the first rocking lever device comprises a first resetting assembly, the first resetting assembly being connected to the operating lever assembly, and the first resetting assembly being configured to reset the operating lever assembly along the second direction or the first direction, so that the first magnetic element is reset to an initial position thereof. 5. The remote control according to claim 4, wherein the first rocking lever device comprises a second resetting assembly, the second resetting assembly being connected to the operating lever assembly, and the second resetting assembly being configured to reset the operating lever assembly along the fourth rotation direction or the third rotation direction, so that the second magnetic element is reset to an initial position thereof. 6. The remote control according to claim 5, wherein the operating lever assembly comprises a first rod, a second rod and a pin shaft;
central shafts of the first rod and the second rod being both disposed along the first direction and the second direction; wherein an accommodating channel and a pin hole are disposed at the first rod, the accommodating channel being disposed along an axial direction of the first rod, and the pin hole being disposed at an outer side wall of the first rod; a sliding groove is disposed on an outer side wall of the second rod, the sliding groove being disposed along an axial direction of the second rod, and the second rod being partially accommodated in the accommodating channel and moving along the axial direction thereof relative to the first rod; and one end of the pin shaft passes through the pin hole and is accommodated in the sliding groove. 7. The remote control according to claim 6, wherein the second rod is connected to the first resetting assembly and the second resetting assembly; and
the first magnetic element is mounted to the first rod, the first rod, the pin shaft and the first magnetic element performing a linear movement along the first direction or the second direction relative to the second rod; and the first resetting assembly being configured to drive the pin shaft to be reset along the first direction or the second direction, so that the first magnetic element is reset to an initial position thereof. 8. The remote control according to claim 7, wherein the first resetting assembly comprises a fixing frame, a swinging block and an elastic element;
the fixing frame comprising a first limiting post and being provided with a first guide groove; there being two swinging blocks, one end of one swinging block and one end of the other swinging block being jointly hinged to the fixing frame; two ends of the elastic element being connected to the other end of each of the swinging blocks, respectively; the second rod being fixedly mounted to the fixing frame; and the pin shaft passing through the first guide groove, and moving along the first direction or the second direction within the first guide groove, and the pin shaft and the first limiting post being located between the two swinging blocks. 9. The remote control according to claim 8, wherein each of the swinging blocks comprises a hinging end, an abutting portion and a free end, the abutting portion being located between the hinging end and the free end;
two hinging ends of the two swinging blocks being jointly hinged to the fixing frame; two ends of the elastic element being connected to the two free ends of the two swinging blocks, respectively; and the pin shaft and the first limiting post are disposed side by side between the two abutting portions of the two swinging blocks. 10. The remote control according to claim 8, wherein the first circuit board is fixedly mounted to the fixing frame;
a lever channel being disposed at the fixing frame, the first rod and the second rod being partially accommodated in the lever channel; the second rod being connected to the second resetting assembly and the second magnetic element, wherein the second magnetic element may be driven by the second rod from an initial position of the second magnetic element to rotate along the third rotation direction or the fourth rotation direction relative to the second magnetic sensor; and the second resetting assembly is configured to reset the second rod along the fourth rotation direction or the third rotation direction, so that the second magnetic element is reset to an initial position thereof. 11. The remote control according to claim 10, wherein the second resetting assembly comprises a connecting frame, a rotating member and a torsion spring;
the connecting frame comprising a bottom, a second limiting post and an arc-shaped inner side wall, wherein the arc-shaped inner side wall is connected to the bottom, one end of the second limiting post being connected to the bottom; the rotating member comprising a bottom plate and an arc-shaped outer side wall, wherein the arc-shaped outer side wall is connected to the bottom plate; an arc-shaped second guide groove being disposed at the bottom plate, a gap being formed between two ends of the arc-shaped side wall; the second limiting post passing through the second guide groove; the torsion spring being partially accommodated in a space defined by the arc-shaped outer side wall, the torsion spring comprising two torsion spring arms, the two torsion spring arms passing through the gap and respectively abutting against both ends of the arc-shaped outer side wall; and the second rod passing through the connecting frame and the rotating member, and the second rod driving the rotating member to rotate along the third direction or the fourth direction relative to the connecting frame. 12. The remote control according to claim 11, wherein the second rod comprises a connecting end, the connecting end being fixedly connected to the second magnetic element. 13. The remote control according to claim 12, wherein the second resetting assembly comprises a fixing member, the second magnetic element being mounted to the fixing member, and the connecting end being fixedly connected to the fixing member. 14. The remote control according to claim 11, wherein the second circuit board is fixedly connected to the connecting frame. 15. The remote control according to claim 3, wherein the first magnetic sensor and the second magnetic sensor are both Hall elements. 16. The remote control according to claim 1, wherein a rod of the second rocking lever device is configured to move, so as to trigger the remote control to generate a remote control instruction of translation, the remote control instruction of translation being used to control the motorized device to move in a horizontal plane. 17. A motorized device, comprising a fuselage, and further comprising the remote control configured to remotely control a motorized device, wherein the remote control comprises:
a first rocking lever device, a rod of the first rocking lever device being configured to perform a linear motion along a first direction or a second direction, so as to trigger the remote control to generate a first remote control instruction or a second remote control instruction, a rod of the first rocking lever device being further configured to be rotated along a third rotation direction or a fourth rotation direction, so as to trigger the remote control to generate a third remote control instruction or a fourth remote control instruction, the first direction being opposite to the second direction, the third rotation direction being opposite to the fourth rotation direction, the first remote control instruction being used to control the motorized device to perform a linear motion along the first direction, the second remote control instruction being used to control the motorized device to perform a linear motion along the second direction, the third remote control instruction being used to control the motorized device to auto-rotate along the third rotation direction, and the fourth remote control instruction being used to control the motorized device to auto-rotate along the fourth rotation direction; a second rocking lever device; a processor, the processor being connected to the first rocking lever device and the second rocking lever device, and being configured to process the first remote control instruction, the second remote control instruction, the third remote control instruction and the fourth remote control instruction; and a signal transmitting device, the signal transmitting device being connected to the processor and being configured to receive and send the first remote control instruction, the second remote control instruction, the third remote control instruction and the fourth remote control instruction that are processed by the processor, the remote control being communicatively connected to the fuselage and being configured to control a flight status of the fuselage according to a remote control instruction generated by the first rocking lever device and the second rocking lever device; wherein the first remote control instruction is used to control the motorized device to perform a linear motion along the first direction, the second remote control instruction is used to control the motorized device to perform a linear motion along the second direction, the third remote control instruction is used to control the motorized device to auto-rotate along the third rotation direction, and the fourth remote control instruction is used to control the motorized device to auto-rotate along the fourth rotation direction. 18. The motorized device according to claim 17, wherein a rod of the second rocking lever device of the remote control is configured to move, so as to trigger the remote control to generate a remote control instruction of translation; wherein the remote control instruction of translation is used to control the motorized device to move within a horizontal plane. 19. The motorized device according to claim 17, wherein the motorized device is an unmanned aerial vehicle. | 3,600 |
340,005 | 16,800,944 | 3,657 | Some embodiments provide a method including determining one or more areas of a display to remain active responsive to received user input, determining one or more areas to be dimmed responsive to the received user input, and dimming the one or more areas of the display to be dimmed to reduce a power consumption of the display. The user input may include mouse cursor, keyboard, touch, eye position or movement information, voice commands, or a power policy of an electronic device including the display. The dimming may include dimming pixels of the display in the one or more areas of the display to be dimmed or changing a color of such pixels. The display may include multiple displays and the dimming including dimming areas on multiple ones of displays, including turning off one or more of the displays. The dimming may be turned and off based on user input. | 1. A method, comprising:
determining one or more areas of a display to remain active in response to received user input; determining one or more areas of the display to be dimmed in response to the received user input; and dimming the one or more areas of the display to be dimmed to reduce a power consumption of the display. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the received user input comprises at least one of:
cursor information received from a mouse; keystroke information received from a keyboard; touch information received from a touch screen; a position of the eyes of the user indicating a location on the display where the user is looking; a voice command from the user; manual input received from a user; or a power policy setting of an electronic device including the display. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the display comprises a plurality of pixels, and wherein dimming the one or more areas of the display to be dimmed comprises dimming at least some of the pixels of the display in the one or more areas of the display to be dimmed. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein dimming at least some of the pixels of the display in the one or more areas of the display to be dimmed comprises changing a color of at least some of the plurality of pixels of the display in the one or more areas of the display to be dimmed. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein changing a color of at least some of the plurality of pixels of the display in the one or more areas of the display to be dimmed comprises changing the color to black. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the display includes a plurality of displays and wherein dimming one or more areas of the display to be dimmed comprises dimming one or more areas on each of the plurality of displays. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein dimming one or more areas on each of the plurality displays comprises turning off one or more of the plurality of displays. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising enabling and disabling dimming the one or more areas of the display to be dimmed in response to received user input. 9. A non-transitory machine-readable medium storing a program executable by at least one processing unit of an electronic device including a display, the program comprising sets of instructions for:
determining one or more areas of the display to remain active in response to received user input; determining one or more areas of the display to be dimmed in response to the received user input; and dimming the one or more areas of the display to be dimmed to reduce a power consumption of the display. 10. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the program comprises a set of instructions in a desktop composition module of the electronic device. 11. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 10, wherein the electronic device executes the Windows operating system, and wherein the desktop composition module comprises the desktop windows manager (DWM) of the Windows operating system. 12. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the program comprises a set of instructions in a graphics driver of the electronic device. 13. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 12, wherein the program further comprises a set of instructions of a plugin of the graphics driver. 14. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the plugin comprises a set of instructions for receiving, from an operating system of the electronic device, the received user input. 15. A system, comprising:
one or more displays; a set of processors; and a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions that when executed by at least one processor in the set of processors cause the at least one processor to:
determine one or more areas of the one more displays that are to remain active in response to user input;
determine one or more areas of the one more displays that are to be dimmed in response to the user input; and
dim the one or more areas of the one or more displays to be dimmed to reduce a power consumption of the one or more displays. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the set of instructions stored in the non-transitory computer-readable medium comprise instructions in a desktop composition module of the system. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the non-transitory computer-readable medium stores instructions of the Windows operating system, and wherein the desktop composition module comprises the desktop windows manager (DWM) of the Windows operating system. 18. The system of claim 15, wherein the set of instructions stored in the non-transitory computer-readable medium further comprise a set of instructions of a graphics driver of the system. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the set of instructions stored in the non-transitory computer-readable medium include a plugin of the graphics driver. 20. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 19, wherein the graphics driver includes a dimming shader program and the dimming shader program includes the plugin comprising a set of instructions for receiving, from an operating system of the system, the user input. | Some embodiments provide a method including determining one or more areas of a display to remain active responsive to received user input, determining one or more areas to be dimmed responsive to the received user input, and dimming the one or more areas of the display to be dimmed to reduce a power consumption of the display. The user input may include mouse cursor, keyboard, touch, eye position or movement information, voice commands, or a power policy of an electronic device including the display. The dimming may include dimming pixels of the display in the one or more areas of the display to be dimmed or changing a color of such pixels. The display may include multiple displays and the dimming including dimming areas on multiple ones of displays, including turning off one or more of the displays. The dimming may be turned and off based on user input.1. A method, comprising:
determining one or more areas of a display to remain active in response to received user input; determining one or more areas of the display to be dimmed in response to the received user input; and dimming the one or more areas of the display to be dimmed to reduce a power consumption of the display. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the received user input comprises at least one of:
cursor information received from a mouse; keystroke information received from a keyboard; touch information received from a touch screen; a position of the eyes of the user indicating a location on the display where the user is looking; a voice command from the user; manual input received from a user; or a power policy setting of an electronic device including the display. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the display comprises a plurality of pixels, and wherein dimming the one or more areas of the display to be dimmed comprises dimming at least some of the pixels of the display in the one or more areas of the display to be dimmed. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein dimming at least some of the pixels of the display in the one or more areas of the display to be dimmed comprises changing a color of at least some of the plurality of pixels of the display in the one or more areas of the display to be dimmed. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein changing a color of at least some of the plurality of pixels of the display in the one or more areas of the display to be dimmed comprises changing the color to black. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the display includes a plurality of displays and wherein dimming one or more areas of the display to be dimmed comprises dimming one or more areas on each of the plurality of displays. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein dimming one or more areas on each of the plurality displays comprises turning off one or more of the plurality of displays. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising enabling and disabling dimming the one or more areas of the display to be dimmed in response to received user input. 9. A non-transitory machine-readable medium storing a program executable by at least one processing unit of an electronic device including a display, the program comprising sets of instructions for:
determining one or more areas of the display to remain active in response to received user input; determining one or more areas of the display to be dimmed in response to the received user input; and dimming the one or more areas of the display to be dimmed to reduce a power consumption of the display. 10. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the program comprises a set of instructions in a desktop composition module of the electronic device. 11. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 10, wherein the electronic device executes the Windows operating system, and wherein the desktop composition module comprises the desktop windows manager (DWM) of the Windows operating system. 12. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the program comprises a set of instructions in a graphics driver of the electronic device. 13. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 12, wherein the program further comprises a set of instructions of a plugin of the graphics driver. 14. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the plugin comprises a set of instructions for receiving, from an operating system of the electronic device, the received user input. 15. A system, comprising:
one or more displays; a set of processors; and a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions that when executed by at least one processor in the set of processors cause the at least one processor to:
determine one or more areas of the one more displays that are to remain active in response to user input;
determine one or more areas of the one more displays that are to be dimmed in response to the user input; and
dim the one or more areas of the one or more displays to be dimmed to reduce a power consumption of the one or more displays. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the set of instructions stored in the non-transitory computer-readable medium comprise instructions in a desktop composition module of the system. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the non-transitory computer-readable medium stores instructions of the Windows operating system, and wherein the desktop composition module comprises the desktop windows manager (DWM) of the Windows operating system. 18. The system of claim 15, wherein the set of instructions stored in the non-transitory computer-readable medium further comprise a set of instructions of a graphics driver of the system. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the set of instructions stored in the non-transitory computer-readable medium include a plugin of the graphics driver. 20. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 19, wherein the graphics driver includes a dimming shader program and the dimming shader program includes the plugin comprising a set of instructions for receiving, from an operating system of the system, the user input. | 3,600 |
340,006 | 16,801,006 | 2,872 | The invention relates to spectacles, systems and methods for visibility enhancement, including by glare suppression. The spectacles, systems and methods for visibility enhancement includes spectacles and a spectacle lens having a liquid crystal cell (LC), the transmission (TR) of which may be varied by a suitable control and the liquid crystal cell (LC) designed so that the transmission (TR) of the liquid crystal cell (LC) may be switched between high and low transmission states. The liquid crystal cell (LC) includes a control for regulating the times of the state of high transmission (Ton) of the liquid crystal cell (LC) such that the temporal position of the times of the high transmission state (Ton) within a period of times of the high transmission state (Ton) and times of the low transmission state (Toff) may be altered continuously or discontinuously; and/or the duration of a period of times of the high transmission state (Ton) and times of the low transmission state (Toff) may be altered continuously or discontinuously. Such changes may be determined by a secret coding key. | 1. System for visibility enhancement by glare suppression with:
spectacles for a wearer with at least one eye, with at least one spectacle lens; wherein the at least one spectacle lens has a liquid crystal cell (LC), the transmission (TR) of which may be varied by a suitable control; wherein the liquid crystal cell (LC) is so designed that the transmission (TR) of the liquid crystal cell (LC) may be switched between high and low transmission states; and with means for controlling or regulating the times of the state of high transmission (Ton) of the liquid crystal cell (LC); and with a light source (S) comprising means for controlling the lighting times and the luminous intensity of the light source (S) such that it illuminates during the times of the state of high transmission (Ton) of the liquid crystal cell (LC); wherein the temporal integral of the product of the luminous intensity of the light source (S) and the transmission (TR) of the liquid crystal cell (LC) remains constant within a predetermined tolerance upon a change in the times of the state of high transmission (Ton); wherein the regulation or control of the liquid crystal cell (LC) and of the light source (S) is so formed that the temporal position of the times of the high transmission state (Ton) within a period of times of the high transmission state (Ton) and times of the low transmission state (Toff) may be altered continuously or discontinuously; and/or that the duration of a period of times of the high transmission state (Ton) and times of the low transmission state (Toff) may be altered continuously or discontinuously; wherein the changes are determined by a secret coding key. 2. System according to claim 1,
wherein the spectacles further comprise at least one sensor (IL, IR) for measuring the brightness of the visible light incident on the sensor; wherein the at least one sensor (IL, IR) is arranged on the eye-side of the spectacle lens; wherein the at least one sensor (IL, IR) measures the brightness through the at least one spectacle lens; the spectacles further comprise a closed-loop control circuit (MC) for regulating the transmission of the liquid crystal cell (LC); wherein a setpoint value is preset for the brightness at the eye of the spectacle wearer; wherein the control circuit takes the brightness measured by the sensor as the actual value. 3. System according to claim 2,
wherein the at least one sensor (IL, IR) comprises an imaging system with a camera or at least three sensors which span a coordinate system, or a compound eye; the spectacles further comprise an eye tracker (ET) capable of determining the viewing direction of the eye; the at least one sensor can determine the brightness of the visible light which is incident upon it from the viewing direction of the eye determined by the eye tracker (ET); and the control circuit takes the brightness measured by the sensor in the viewing direction of the eye as the actual value. 4. System according to claim 1,
wherein a second light source for the dazzling of a living being, an optical sensor or a camera, which illuminates during the times of the low transmission (Toff) state of the liquid crystal cell (LC). 5. System according to claim 1,
wherein the light source is a light source for the dazzling of a living being, an optical sensor or a camera. 6. System according to claim 1,
wherein the light source is a display. 7. Method for visual enhancement by glare suppression, comprising the following steps:
spectacles for a wearer with at least one eye are provided, wherein the spectacles have at least one spectacle lens; wherein the at least one spectacle lens has a liquid crystal cell (LC), the transmission (TR) of which may be varied by a suitable control; wherein the liquid crystal cell (LC) is so selected that the transmission (TR) of the liquid crystal cell (LC) may be switched between high and low transmission states; wherein the times of the high transmission (Ton) states of the liquid crystal cell (LC) are controlled or regulated; a light source (S) is provided; wherein the luminance times and the intensity of the light source (S) are controlled or regulated such that the latter illuminates during the times of the state of high transmission (Ton) of the liquid crystal cell (LC), wherein the temporal integral of the product of the intensity of the light source (S) and the transmission (TR) of the liquid crystal cell (LC) remains constant within a predetermined tolerance upon a change in the times of the state of high transmission (Ton); wherein the regulation or control of the liquid crystal cell (LC) and of the light source (S) is so formed that the temporal position of the times of the state of high transmission (Ton) within a period of times of the high transmission state (Ton) and times of the low transmission state (Toff) may be changed continuously or discontinuously; and/or that the duration of a period of times of the high transmission state (Ton) and times of the low transmission state (Toff) may be altered continuously or discontinuously; wherein the changes are determined by a secret coding key. | The invention relates to spectacles, systems and methods for visibility enhancement, including by glare suppression. The spectacles, systems and methods for visibility enhancement includes spectacles and a spectacle lens having a liquid crystal cell (LC), the transmission (TR) of which may be varied by a suitable control and the liquid crystal cell (LC) designed so that the transmission (TR) of the liquid crystal cell (LC) may be switched between high and low transmission states. The liquid crystal cell (LC) includes a control for regulating the times of the state of high transmission (Ton) of the liquid crystal cell (LC) such that the temporal position of the times of the high transmission state (Ton) within a period of times of the high transmission state (Ton) and times of the low transmission state (Toff) may be altered continuously or discontinuously; and/or the duration of a period of times of the high transmission state (Ton) and times of the low transmission state (Toff) may be altered continuously or discontinuously. Such changes may be determined by a secret coding key.1. System for visibility enhancement by glare suppression with:
spectacles for a wearer with at least one eye, with at least one spectacle lens; wherein the at least one spectacle lens has a liquid crystal cell (LC), the transmission (TR) of which may be varied by a suitable control; wherein the liquid crystal cell (LC) is so designed that the transmission (TR) of the liquid crystal cell (LC) may be switched between high and low transmission states; and with means for controlling or regulating the times of the state of high transmission (Ton) of the liquid crystal cell (LC); and with a light source (S) comprising means for controlling the lighting times and the luminous intensity of the light source (S) such that it illuminates during the times of the state of high transmission (Ton) of the liquid crystal cell (LC); wherein the temporal integral of the product of the luminous intensity of the light source (S) and the transmission (TR) of the liquid crystal cell (LC) remains constant within a predetermined tolerance upon a change in the times of the state of high transmission (Ton); wherein the regulation or control of the liquid crystal cell (LC) and of the light source (S) is so formed that the temporal position of the times of the high transmission state (Ton) within a period of times of the high transmission state (Ton) and times of the low transmission state (Toff) may be altered continuously or discontinuously; and/or that the duration of a period of times of the high transmission state (Ton) and times of the low transmission state (Toff) may be altered continuously or discontinuously; wherein the changes are determined by a secret coding key. 2. System according to claim 1,
wherein the spectacles further comprise at least one sensor (IL, IR) for measuring the brightness of the visible light incident on the sensor; wherein the at least one sensor (IL, IR) is arranged on the eye-side of the spectacle lens; wherein the at least one sensor (IL, IR) measures the brightness through the at least one spectacle lens; the spectacles further comprise a closed-loop control circuit (MC) for regulating the transmission of the liquid crystal cell (LC); wherein a setpoint value is preset for the brightness at the eye of the spectacle wearer; wherein the control circuit takes the brightness measured by the sensor as the actual value. 3. System according to claim 2,
wherein the at least one sensor (IL, IR) comprises an imaging system with a camera or at least three sensors which span a coordinate system, or a compound eye; the spectacles further comprise an eye tracker (ET) capable of determining the viewing direction of the eye; the at least one sensor can determine the brightness of the visible light which is incident upon it from the viewing direction of the eye determined by the eye tracker (ET); and the control circuit takes the brightness measured by the sensor in the viewing direction of the eye as the actual value. 4. System according to claim 1,
wherein a second light source for the dazzling of a living being, an optical sensor or a camera, which illuminates during the times of the low transmission (Toff) state of the liquid crystal cell (LC). 5. System according to claim 1,
wherein the light source is a light source for the dazzling of a living being, an optical sensor or a camera. 6. System according to claim 1,
wherein the light source is a display. 7. Method for visual enhancement by glare suppression, comprising the following steps:
spectacles for a wearer with at least one eye are provided, wherein the spectacles have at least one spectacle lens; wherein the at least one spectacle lens has a liquid crystal cell (LC), the transmission (TR) of which may be varied by a suitable control; wherein the liquid crystal cell (LC) is so selected that the transmission (TR) of the liquid crystal cell (LC) may be switched between high and low transmission states; wherein the times of the high transmission (Ton) states of the liquid crystal cell (LC) are controlled or regulated; a light source (S) is provided; wherein the luminance times and the intensity of the light source (S) are controlled or regulated such that the latter illuminates during the times of the state of high transmission (Ton) of the liquid crystal cell (LC), wherein the temporal integral of the product of the intensity of the light source (S) and the transmission (TR) of the liquid crystal cell (LC) remains constant within a predetermined tolerance upon a change in the times of the state of high transmission (Ton); wherein the regulation or control of the liquid crystal cell (LC) and of the light source (S) is so formed that the temporal position of the times of the state of high transmission (Ton) within a period of times of the high transmission state (Ton) and times of the low transmission state (Toff) may be changed continuously or discontinuously; and/or that the duration of a period of times of the high transmission state (Ton) and times of the low transmission state (Toff) may be altered continuously or discontinuously; wherein the changes are determined by a secret coding key. | 2,800 |
340,007 | 16,800,986 | 2,872 | This disclosure describes techniques for performing context preservation related to a conversational user interface of a first user device. The techniques include receiving an inquiry regarding an operational status of a computing resource network and based at least in part on the inquiry, generating a response to the inquiry for display in the conversational user interface. The techniques also include identifying supplemental data as being relevant to the support session, and causing the response to the inquiry and the supplemental data to be displayed concurrently. A data package may be created that represents the support session, including the inquiry, the response, the supplemental data, and an indication that the response and the supplemental data were displayed concurrently. The techniques may include exporting the data package to a second user device for presentation of the support session. | 1. A system comprising:
one or more processors; and one or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to: initialize a support session between a user and a support agent associated with a computing network, the support session displayed via a conversational user interface of a display of a first user device; receive, via the conversational user interface, an inquiry regarding an operational status of the computing network; based at least in part on the inquiry, generate a response to the inquiry for display in the conversational user interface; based at least in part on the inquiry, identify supplemental data as being relevant to the support session for the computing network; cause the response to the inquiry to be displayed via the conversational user interface on the display; cause the supplemental data to be displayed via the display concurrent with the response to the inquiry; create a data package representing the support session, the data package including a representation of the inquiry, the response, the supplemental data, and an indication that the response and the supplemental data were displayed concurrently; and export the data package to a second user device for presentation of the support session. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the indication that the response and the supplemental data were displayed concurrently comprises a first timestamp corresponding to display of the response and a second timestamp corresponding to display of the supplemental data. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the indication further comprises the first timestamp and the second timestamp being within a range of time. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the indication that the response and the supplemental data were displayed concurrently comprises a first range of time of display of the response and a second range of time of display of the supplemental data, and wherein the first range and the second range at least partly overlap. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the first user device of the system includes the one or more processors. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the computer-executable instructions further cause the one or more processors to:
receive a selection of the response to the inquiry via the second user device; and at least partly in response to the selection, display the supplemental data concurrently with the response on a second display of the second user device. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are manifest in a server device of the system that is separate from the first user device and the second user device. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the supplemental data comprises a diagram, a chart, or a list. 9. A method comprising:
initializing a support session between a user and a support agent associated with a computing network, the support session displayed via a conversational user interface of a display of a first user device; receiving, via the conversational user interface, an inquiry regarding an operational status of the computing network; based at least in part on the inquiry, generating a response to the inquiry for display in the conversational user interface; based at least in part on the inquiry, identifying supplemental data as being relevant to the support session for the computing network; causing the response to the inquiry to be displayed via the conversational user interface on the display; causing the supplemental data to be displayed via the display concurrent with the response to the inquiry; creating a data package representing the support session, the data package including the inquiry, the response, the supplemental data, and an indication that the response and the supplemental data were displayed concurrently; and exporting the data package to a second user device for presentation of the support session. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the method is performed by a server device that is separate from the first user device and the second user device. 11. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
causing the support session to be displayed via another display of the second user device. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
receiving a selection of the response to the inquiry via the second user device; and at least partly in response to the selection, displaying the supplemental data concurrently with the response on the another display. 13. The method of claim 9, wherein the generating the response to the inquiry is based at least in part on applying natural language processing to the inquiry. 14. The method of claim 9, wherein the supplemental data comprises a diagram, a chart, or a list. 15. A computing device comprising:
one or more processors; a display; and one or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to: receive a data package representing a support session between a user and a virtual agent associated with a computing network, the data package including a text portion and supplemental data of the support session and an indication that the text portion and the supplemental data were displayed concurrently during the support session; using the data package, cause presentation of the support session via the display, including presentation of the text portion in a first section of the display; receive a selection of the text portion of the support session; and responsive to the selection, cause presentation of the supplemental data in a second section of the display concurrent with the presentation of the text portion in the first section of the display. 16. The computing device of claim 15, wherein the first section of the display comprises a conversational user interface, and wherein the computer-executable instructions further cause the one or more processors to:
receive an indication from another user to resume the support session; and responsive to the indication, resume the support session by activating the conversational user interface. 17. The computing device of claim 16, wherein the computer-executable instructions further cause the one or more processors to:
receive, via the activated conversational user interface, an inquiry regarding an operational status of the computing network; based at least in part on the inquiry, generate a response to the inquiry for display in the conversational user interface; and cause the response to the inquiry to be displayed via the conversational user interface on the display. 18. The computing device of claim 17, wherein the computer-executable instructions further cause the one or more processors to:
generate an updated data package representing the resumed support session, the updated data package including the indication that the text portion and the supplemental data were displayed concurrently during the support session, the inquiry, and the response; and export the updated data package to another computing device. 19. The computing device of claim 17, wherein the response to the inquiry is further based on the text portion of the support session. 20. The computing device of claim 15, wherein the supplemental data comprises a diagram, a chart, or a list. | This disclosure describes techniques for performing context preservation related to a conversational user interface of a first user device. The techniques include receiving an inquiry regarding an operational status of a computing resource network and based at least in part on the inquiry, generating a response to the inquiry for display in the conversational user interface. The techniques also include identifying supplemental data as being relevant to the support session, and causing the response to the inquiry and the supplemental data to be displayed concurrently. A data package may be created that represents the support session, including the inquiry, the response, the supplemental data, and an indication that the response and the supplemental data were displayed concurrently. The techniques may include exporting the data package to a second user device for presentation of the support session.1. A system comprising:
one or more processors; and one or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to: initialize a support session between a user and a support agent associated with a computing network, the support session displayed via a conversational user interface of a display of a first user device; receive, via the conversational user interface, an inquiry regarding an operational status of the computing network; based at least in part on the inquiry, generate a response to the inquiry for display in the conversational user interface; based at least in part on the inquiry, identify supplemental data as being relevant to the support session for the computing network; cause the response to the inquiry to be displayed via the conversational user interface on the display; cause the supplemental data to be displayed via the display concurrent with the response to the inquiry; create a data package representing the support session, the data package including a representation of the inquiry, the response, the supplemental data, and an indication that the response and the supplemental data were displayed concurrently; and export the data package to a second user device for presentation of the support session. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the indication that the response and the supplemental data were displayed concurrently comprises a first timestamp corresponding to display of the response and a second timestamp corresponding to display of the supplemental data. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the indication further comprises the first timestamp and the second timestamp being within a range of time. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the indication that the response and the supplemental data were displayed concurrently comprises a first range of time of display of the response and a second range of time of display of the supplemental data, and wherein the first range and the second range at least partly overlap. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the first user device of the system includes the one or more processors. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the computer-executable instructions further cause the one or more processors to:
receive a selection of the response to the inquiry via the second user device; and at least partly in response to the selection, display the supplemental data concurrently with the response on a second display of the second user device. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are manifest in a server device of the system that is separate from the first user device and the second user device. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the supplemental data comprises a diagram, a chart, or a list. 9. A method comprising:
initializing a support session between a user and a support agent associated with a computing network, the support session displayed via a conversational user interface of a display of a first user device; receiving, via the conversational user interface, an inquiry regarding an operational status of the computing network; based at least in part on the inquiry, generating a response to the inquiry for display in the conversational user interface; based at least in part on the inquiry, identifying supplemental data as being relevant to the support session for the computing network; causing the response to the inquiry to be displayed via the conversational user interface on the display; causing the supplemental data to be displayed via the display concurrent with the response to the inquiry; creating a data package representing the support session, the data package including the inquiry, the response, the supplemental data, and an indication that the response and the supplemental data were displayed concurrently; and exporting the data package to a second user device for presentation of the support session. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the method is performed by a server device that is separate from the first user device and the second user device. 11. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
causing the support session to be displayed via another display of the second user device. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
receiving a selection of the response to the inquiry via the second user device; and at least partly in response to the selection, displaying the supplemental data concurrently with the response on the another display. 13. The method of claim 9, wherein the generating the response to the inquiry is based at least in part on applying natural language processing to the inquiry. 14. The method of claim 9, wherein the supplemental data comprises a diagram, a chart, or a list. 15. A computing device comprising:
one or more processors; a display; and one or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to: receive a data package representing a support session between a user and a virtual agent associated with a computing network, the data package including a text portion and supplemental data of the support session and an indication that the text portion and the supplemental data were displayed concurrently during the support session; using the data package, cause presentation of the support session via the display, including presentation of the text portion in a first section of the display; receive a selection of the text portion of the support session; and responsive to the selection, cause presentation of the supplemental data in a second section of the display concurrent with the presentation of the text portion in the first section of the display. 16. The computing device of claim 15, wherein the first section of the display comprises a conversational user interface, and wherein the computer-executable instructions further cause the one or more processors to:
receive an indication from another user to resume the support session; and responsive to the indication, resume the support session by activating the conversational user interface. 17. The computing device of claim 16, wherein the computer-executable instructions further cause the one or more processors to:
receive, via the activated conversational user interface, an inquiry regarding an operational status of the computing network; based at least in part on the inquiry, generate a response to the inquiry for display in the conversational user interface; and cause the response to the inquiry to be displayed via the conversational user interface on the display. 18. The computing device of claim 17, wherein the computer-executable instructions further cause the one or more processors to:
generate an updated data package representing the resumed support session, the updated data package including the indication that the text portion and the supplemental data were displayed concurrently during the support session, the inquiry, and the response; and export the updated data package to another computing device. 19. The computing device of claim 17, wherein the response to the inquiry is further based on the text portion of the support session. 20. The computing device of claim 15, wherein the supplemental data comprises a diagram, a chart, or a list. | 2,800 |
340,008 | 16,800,996 | 2,667 | Techniques for selectively associating frames with content entities and using such associations to dynamically generate web content related to the content entities. One embodiment performs a facial recognition analysis on frames of one or more instances of video content to identify a plurality of frames that each depict a first content entity. A measure of quality and a measure of confidence that the frame contains the depiction of the first content entity are determined for each of the identified plurality of frames. Embodiments select one or more frames from the identified plurality of frames, based on the measures of quality and the measures of confidence. The selected one or more frames are associated with the first content entity and web content associated with the first content entity is generated that includes a depiction of the selected one or more frames in association with an instance of video content. | 1. A non-transitory computer-readable medium containing computer program code that, when executed by operation of one or more computer processors, performs an operation comprising:
analyzing a first one or more instances of video content to select a first plurality of frames, each containing a respective group of pixels determined to depict a first content entity; generating a first plurality of instances of web content, each including a depiction of one of the frames from the plurality of frames in association with the first content entity; monitoring interactions with the plurality of instances of web content across a plurality of client devices; selectively removing one or more frames from the selected plurality of frames to produce a modified plurality of frames, based on the monitored interactions; and generating a second plurality of instances of web content, each including a depiction of one of the frames from the modified plurality of frames in association with the first content entity. 2. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 1, wherein selectively removing one or more frames from the selected plurality of frames to produce the modified plurality of frames, based on the monitored interactions comprises:
calculating, for each of the selected plurality of frames, a respective interaction score representing how a frequency with which the depiction of the frame was interacted with when the web content was displayed on one of the plurality of client devices; ranking the first plurality of frames, based on the calculated interaction scores; and selecting one or more frames having a lowest one or more calculated interaction scores for removal. 3. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 1, the operation further comprising:
analyzing a second one or more instances of video content to select a second plurality of frames, each containing a respective group of pixels determined to depict the first content entity; combining the second plurality of frames with the modified plurality of frames, to produce a combined plurality of frames; and generating a third plurality of instances of web content, each including a depiction of one of the frames from the combined plurality of frames in association with the first content entity. 4. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 1, wherein analyzing the first one or more instances of video content to select the first plurality of frames comprises:
analyzing the first one or more instances of video content to identify a set of frames that each contain a respective depiction of the first content entity; determining a measure of quality for each of the identified set of frames; and determining, for each of the identified set of frames, a respective measure of confidence that the frame contains the depiction of the first content entity. 5. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 4, wherein analyzing the first one or more instances of video content to select the first plurality of frames, further comprises selecting one or more frames from the identified set of frames, based on the measures of quality and the measures of confidence. 6. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 1, the operation further comprising determining a placement of at least one of the second plurality of instances of web content within a page comprising a third plurality of instances of web content. 7. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 6, wherein the page comprising the third plurality of instances of web content is not associated with the first content entity. 8. A computer-implemented method comprising:
analyzing a first one or more instances of video content to select a first plurality of frames, each containing a respective group of pixels determined to depict a first content entity; generating a first plurality of instances of web content, each including a depiction of one of the frames from the plurality of frames in association with the first content entity; monitoring interactions with the plurality of instances of web content across a plurality of client devices; selectively removing one or more frames from the selected plurality of frames to produce a modified plurality of frames, based on the monitored interactions; and generating a second plurality of instances of web content, each including a depiction of one of the frames from the modified plurality of frames in association with the first content entity. 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, wherein selectively removing one or more frames from the selected plurality of frames to produce the modified plurality of frames, based on the monitored interactions comprises:
calculating, for each of the selected plurality of frames, a respective interaction score representing how a frequency with which the depiction of the frame was interacted with when the web content was displayed on one of the plurality of client devices; ranking the first plurality of frames, based on the calculated interaction scores; and selecting one or more frames having a lowest one or more calculated interaction scores for removal. 10. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, the operation further comprising:
analyzing a second one or more instances of video content to select a second plurality of frames, each containing a respective group of pixels determined to depict the first content entity; combining the second plurality of frames with the modified plurality of frames, to produce a combined plurality of frames; and generating a third plurality of instances of web content, each including a depiction of one of the frames from the combined plurality of frames in association with the first content entity. 11. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, wherein analyzing the first one or more instances of video content to select the first plurality of frames comprises:
analyzing the first one or more instances of video content to identify a set of frames that each contain a respective depiction of the first content entity; determining a measure of quality for each of the identified set of frames; and determining, for each of the identified set of frames, a respective measure of confidence that the frame contains the depiction of the first content entity. 12. The computer-implemented method of claim 11, wherein analyzing the first one or more instances of video content to select the first plurality of frames further comprises selecting one or more frames from the identified set of frames, based on the measures of quality and the measures of confidence. 13. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, further comprising determining a placement of at least one of the second plurality of instances of web content within a page comprising a third plurality of instances of web content. 14. The computer-implemented method of claim 13, wherein the page comprising the third plurality of instances of web content is not associated with the first content entity. 15. A system comprising:
one or more computer processors; and a memory containing computer program code that, when executed by operation of the one or more computer processors, performs an operation comprising:
analyzing a first one or more instances of video content to select a first plurality of frames, each containing a respective group of pixels determined to depict a first content entity;
generating a first plurality of instances of web content, each including a depiction of one of the frames from the plurality of frames in association with the first content entity;
monitoring interactions with the plurality of instances of web content across a plurality of client devices;
selectively removing one or more frames from the selected plurality of frames to produce a modified plurality of frames, based on the monitored interactions; and
generating a second plurality of instances of web content, each including a depiction of one of the frames from the modified plurality of frames in association with the first content entity. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein selectively removing one or more frames from the selected plurality of frames to produce the modified plurality of frames, based on the monitored interactions comprises:
calculating, for each of the selected plurality of frames, a respective interaction score representing how a frequency with which the depiction of the frame was interacted with when the web content was displayed on one of the plurality of client devices; ranking the first plurality of frames, based on the calculated interaction scores; and selecting one or more frames having a lowest one or more calculated interaction scores for removal. 17. The system of claim 15, the operation further comprising:
analyzing a second one or more instances of video content to select a second plurality of frames, each containing a respective group of pixels determined to depict the first content entity; combining the second plurality of frames with the modified plurality of frames, to produce a combined plurality of frames; and generating a third plurality of instances of web content, each including a depiction of one of the frames from the combined plurality of frames in association with the first content entity. 18. The system of claim 15, wherein analyzing the first one or more instances of video content to select the first plurality of frames comprises:
analyzing the first one or more instances of video content to identify a set of frames that each contain a respective depiction of the first content entity; determining a measure of quality for each of the identified set of frames; and determining, for each of the identified set of frames, a respective measure of confidence that the frame contains the depiction of the first content entity. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein analyzing the first one or more instances of video content to select the first plurality of frames further comprises selecting one or more frames from the identified set of frames, based on the measures of quality and the measures of confidence. 20. The system of claim 1, the operation further comprising determining a placement of at least one of the second plurality of instances of web content within a page comprising a third plurality of instances of web content. | Techniques for selectively associating frames with content entities and using such associations to dynamically generate web content related to the content entities. One embodiment performs a facial recognition analysis on frames of one or more instances of video content to identify a plurality of frames that each depict a first content entity. A measure of quality and a measure of confidence that the frame contains the depiction of the first content entity are determined for each of the identified plurality of frames. Embodiments select one or more frames from the identified plurality of frames, based on the measures of quality and the measures of confidence. The selected one or more frames are associated with the first content entity and web content associated with the first content entity is generated that includes a depiction of the selected one or more frames in association with an instance of video content.1. A non-transitory computer-readable medium containing computer program code that, when executed by operation of one or more computer processors, performs an operation comprising:
analyzing a first one or more instances of video content to select a first plurality of frames, each containing a respective group of pixels determined to depict a first content entity; generating a first plurality of instances of web content, each including a depiction of one of the frames from the plurality of frames in association with the first content entity; monitoring interactions with the plurality of instances of web content across a plurality of client devices; selectively removing one or more frames from the selected plurality of frames to produce a modified plurality of frames, based on the monitored interactions; and generating a second plurality of instances of web content, each including a depiction of one of the frames from the modified plurality of frames in association with the first content entity. 2. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 1, wherein selectively removing one or more frames from the selected plurality of frames to produce the modified plurality of frames, based on the monitored interactions comprises:
calculating, for each of the selected plurality of frames, a respective interaction score representing how a frequency with which the depiction of the frame was interacted with when the web content was displayed on one of the plurality of client devices; ranking the first plurality of frames, based on the calculated interaction scores; and selecting one or more frames having a lowest one or more calculated interaction scores for removal. 3. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 1, the operation further comprising:
analyzing a second one or more instances of video content to select a second plurality of frames, each containing a respective group of pixels determined to depict the first content entity; combining the second plurality of frames with the modified plurality of frames, to produce a combined plurality of frames; and generating a third plurality of instances of web content, each including a depiction of one of the frames from the combined plurality of frames in association with the first content entity. 4. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 1, wherein analyzing the first one or more instances of video content to select the first plurality of frames comprises:
analyzing the first one or more instances of video content to identify a set of frames that each contain a respective depiction of the first content entity; determining a measure of quality for each of the identified set of frames; and determining, for each of the identified set of frames, a respective measure of confidence that the frame contains the depiction of the first content entity. 5. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 4, wherein analyzing the first one or more instances of video content to select the first plurality of frames, further comprises selecting one or more frames from the identified set of frames, based on the measures of quality and the measures of confidence. 6. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 1, the operation further comprising determining a placement of at least one of the second plurality of instances of web content within a page comprising a third plurality of instances of web content. 7. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 6, wherein the page comprising the third plurality of instances of web content is not associated with the first content entity. 8. A computer-implemented method comprising:
analyzing a first one or more instances of video content to select a first plurality of frames, each containing a respective group of pixels determined to depict a first content entity; generating a first plurality of instances of web content, each including a depiction of one of the frames from the plurality of frames in association with the first content entity; monitoring interactions with the plurality of instances of web content across a plurality of client devices; selectively removing one or more frames from the selected plurality of frames to produce a modified plurality of frames, based on the monitored interactions; and generating a second plurality of instances of web content, each including a depiction of one of the frames from the modified plurality of frames in association with the first content entity. 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, wherein selectively removing one or more frames from the selected plurality of frames to produce the modified plurality of frames, based on the monitored interactions comprises:
calculating, for each of the selected plurality of frames, a respective interaction score representing how a frequency with which the depiction of the frame was interacted with when the web content was displayed on one of the plurality of client devices; ranking the first plurality of frames, based on the calculated interaction scores; and selecting one or more frames having a lowest one or more calculated interaction scores for removal. 10. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, the operation further comprising:
analyzing a second one or more instances of video content to select a second plurality of frames, each containing a respective group of pixels determined to depict the first content entity; combining the second plurality of frames with the modified plurality of frames, to produce a combined plurality of frames; and generating a third plurality of instances of web content, each including a depiction of one of the frames from the combined plurality of frames in association with the first content entity. 11. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, wherein analyzing the first one or more instances of video content to select the first plurality of frames comprises:
analyzing the first one or more instances of video content to identify a set of frames that each contain a respective depiction of the first content entity; determining a measure of quality for each of the identified set of frames; and determining, for each of the identified set of frames, a respective measure of confidence that the frame contains the depiction of the first content entity. 12. The computer-implemented method of claim 11, wherein analyzing the first one or more instances of video content to select the first plurality of frames further comprises selecting one or more frames from the identified set of frames, based on the measures of quality and the measures of confidence. 13. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, further comprising determining a placement of at least one of the second plurality of instances of web content within a page comprising a third plurality of instances of web content. 14. The computer-implemented method of claim 13, wherein the page comprising the third plurality of instances of web content is not associated with the first content entity. 15. A system comprising:
one or more computer processors; and a memory containing computer program code that, when executed by operation of the one or more computer processors, performs an operation comprising:
analyzing a first one or more instances of video content to select a first plurality of frames, each containing a respective group of pixels determined to depict a first content entity;
generating a first plurality of instances of web content, each including a depiction of one of the frames from the plurality of frames in association with the first content entity;
monitoring interactions with the plurality of instances of web content across a plurality of client devices;
selectively removing one or more frames from the selected plurality of frames to produce a modified plurality of frames, based on the monitored interactions; and
generating a second plurality of instances of web content, each including a depiction of one of the frames from the modified plurality of frames in association with the first content entity. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein selectively removing one or more frames from the selected plurality of frames to produce the modified plurality of frames, based on the monitored interactions comprises:
calculating, for each of the selected plurality of frames, a respective interaction score representing how a frequency with which the depiction of the frame was interacted with when the web content was displayed on one of the plurality of client devices; ranking the first plurality of frames, based on the calculated interaction scores; and selecting one or more frames having a lowest one or more calculated interaction scores for removal. 17. The system of claim 15, the operation further comprising:
analyzing a second one or more instances of video content to select a second plurality of frames, each containing a respective group of pixels determined to depict the first content entity; combining the second plurality of frames with the modified plurality of frames, to produce a combined plurality of frames; and generating a third plurality of instances of web content, each including a depiction of one of the frames from the combined plurality of frames in association with the first content entity. 18. The system of claim 15, wherein analyzing the first one or more instances of video content to select the first plurality of frames comprises:
analyzing the first one or more instances of video content to identify a set of frames that each contain a respective depiction of the first content entity; determining a measure of quality for each of the identified set of frames; and determining, for each of the identified set of frames, a respective measure of confidence that the frame contains the depiction of the first content entity. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein analyzing the first one or more instances of video content to select the first plurality of frames further comprises selecting one or more frames from the identified set of frames, based on the measures of quality and the measures of confidence. 20. The system of claim 1, the operation further comprising determining a placement of at least one of the second plurality of instances of web content within a page comprising a third plurality of instances of web content. | 2,600 |
340,009 | 16,800,995 | 2,667 | The present disclosure relates to weatherproof or moisture-resistant writable or printable paper or paper-containing substrates (i.e., targets), which include recyclable cellulosic targets coated with a single layer coating and an optional weatherproof coating. The targets visibly react to a projectile, resist degradation, remain legible, can be written upon when wet, and are recyclable. | 1. A target comprising:
a substrate having a thickness between 0.001 mm and 1.0 mm and two substantially planar sides; a single layer coating on at least one planar side of the substrate, the single layer coating comprising an encapsulated color-changing dye and a media, wherein the encapsulated color-changing dye detectably changes color in response to kinetic energy applied to the target. 2. The target of claim 1, wherein the dye is a leuco dye. 3. The target of claim 1, wherein the color-changing dye is a lactone dye, a phthalein dye, an oxazine dye, a redox indicator, or a combination thereof 4. The target of claim 1, wherein the color-changing dye is crystal violet lactone. 5. The target of claim 1, wherein the color-changing dye is a phthalein dye. 6. The target of claim 1, wherein the target has a Taber stiffness greater than about 10 mN as measured by ISO 17025. 7. The target of claim 1, wherein the target has a Clarke stiffness greater than about 0.05 gf·cm as measured by Tappi T451. 8. The target of claim 1, wherein the substrate comprises a plurality of cellulose fibers. 9. The target of claim 1, wherein the substrate is in direct contact with and is impregnantly covered by a weatherproof material on at least one of the two substantially planar sides, the weatherproof material comprising a plurality of first polymers. 10. The target of claim 9, wherein the weatherproof material comprises a weatherproof coating between the substrate and the single-layer coating. 11. The target of claim 9, wherein the substrate and the weatherproof material together comprise at least one cross-link between:
i) one of the plurality of cellulose fibers and one of the plurality of first polymers; ii) two of the plurality of first polymers; or iii) two of the plurality of cellulose fibers. 12. The target of claim 9, wherein the first polymer comprises a copolymer, the copolymer comprising at least one polyacrylic polymer and at least one polystyrene polymer. 13. The target of claim 9, wherein the first polymer comprises polystyrene, poly butyl acrylate, poly 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, polyacrylic acid or a mixture thereof. 14. The target of claim 9, wherein the weatherproof material further comprises a plurality of second polymers. 15. The target of claim 10, wherein the density of the weatherproof coating on the target ranges from about 0.5 grams per square meter of the target to about 10.0 grams per square meter of the target. 16. The target of claim 9, wherein the weatherproof material further comprises a wax. 17. The target of claim 11, wherein the at least one cross-link comprises one of the following structures (I), (II), (III) or (IV): 18. The target of claim 9, wherein the single layer coating further comprises the weatherproof material. 19. A target comprising:
a substrate comprising a paper sheet having a thickness between 0.001 mm and 1.0 mm; a coating on a planar side of the substrate, the coating comprising a color-changing dye that irreversibly changes color in response to kinetic energy from a projectile. 20. A device, comprising:
a target that includes:
a flexible paper-based substrate having a first surface opposite a second surface;
a pattern on the first surface of the substrate, the pattern including a plurality of visual indicators; and
a first coating on the first surface of the substrate, the first coating including an encapsulated dye and media, wherein the first coating changes color in response to kinetic energy from a projectile. | The present disclosure relates to weatherproof or moisture-resistant writable or printable paper or paper-containing substrates (i.e., targets), which include recyclable cellulosic targets coated with a single layer coating and an optional weatherproof coating. The targets visibly react to a projectile, resist degradation, remain legible, can be written upon when wet, and are recyclable.1. A target comprising:
a substrate having a thickness between 0.001 mm and 1.0 mm and two substantially planar sides; a single layer coating on at least one planar side of the substrate, the single layer coating comprising an encapsulated color-changing dye and a media, wherein the encapsulated color-changing dye detectably changes color in response to kinetic energy applied to the target. 2. The target of claim 1, wherein the dye is a leuco dye. 3. The target of claim 1, wherein the color-changing dye is a lactone dye, a phthalein dye, an oxazine dye, a redox indicator, or a combination thereof 4. The target of claim 1, wherein the color-changing dye is crystal violet lactone. 5. The target of claim 1, wherein the color-changing dye is a phthalein dye. 6. The target of claim 1, wherein the target has a Taber stiffness greater than about 10 mN as measured by ISO 17025. 7. The target of claim 1, wherein the target has a Clarke stiffness greater than about 0.05 gf·cm as measured by Tappi T451. 8. The target of claim 1, wherein the substrate comprises a plurality of cellulose fibers. 9. The target of claim 1, wherein the substrate is in direct contact with and is impregnantly covered by a weatherproof material on at least one of the two substantially planar sides, the weatherproof material comprising a plurality of first polymers. 10. The target of claim 9, wherein the weatherproof material comprises a weatherproof coating between the substrate and the single-layer coating. 11. The target of claim 9, wherein the substrate and the weatherproof material together comprise at least one cross-link between:
i) one of the plurality of cellulose fibers and one of the plurality of first polymers; ii) two of the plurality of first polymers; or iii) two of the plurality of cellulose fibers. 12. The target of claim 9, wherein the first polymer comprises a copolymer, the copolymer comprising at least one polyacrylic polymer and at least one polystyrene polymer. 13. The target of claim 9, wherein the first polymer comprises polystyrene, poly butyl acrylate, poly 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, polyacrylic acid or a mixture thereof. 14. The target of claim 9, wherein the weatherproof material further comprises a plurality of second polymers. 15. The target of claim 10, wherein the density of the weatherproof coating on the target ranges from about 0.5 grams per square meter of the target to about 10.0 grams per square meter of the target. 16. The target of claim 9, wherein the weatherproof material further comprises a wax. 17. The target of claim 11, wherein the at least one cross-link comprises one of the following structures (I), (II), (III) or (IV): 18. The target of claim 9, wherein the single layer coating further comprises the weatherproof material. 19. A target comprising:
a substrate comprising a paper sheet having a thickness between 0.001 mm and 1.0 mm; a coating on a planar side of the substrate, the coating comprising a color-changing dye that irreversibly changes color in response to kinetic energy from a projectile. 20. A device, comprising:
a target that includes:
a flexible paper-based substrate having a first surface opposite a second surface;
a pattern on the first surface of the substrate, the pattern including a plurality of visual indicators; and
a first coating on the first surface of the substrate, the first coating including an encapsulated dye and media, wherein the first coating changes color in response to kinetic energy from a projectile. | 2,600 |
340,010 | 16,801,007 | 2,667 | A power supply apparatus wake-up circuit is provided. The power supply apparatus wake-up circuit includes a power consumption control circuit and a wake-up circuit connected to the power consumption control circuit. The power consumption control circuit includes a voltage regulation module and a protection circuit connected to the voltage regulation module. The voltage regulation module adjusts a voltage output to the protection circuit according to a sleep control signal. The protection circuit determines whether to trigger over-discharge protection according to an input voltage. The wake-up circuit includes a first switching device, and the wake-up circuit outputs a wake-up control signal to the protection circuit based on an operation of the first switching device by a user such that the protection circuit stops triggering the over-discharge protection. | 1. A power supply apparatus wake-up circuit, comprising:
a power consumption control circuit comprising a voltage regulation module and a protection circuit, the voltage regulation module being electrically connected to the protection circuit; a wake-up circuit connected to the power consumption control circuit; and wherein the voltage regulation module adjusts a voltage output to the protection circuit according to a sleep control signal; Wherein the protection circuit determines whether to trigger over-discharge protection according to the input voltage; and Wherein the wake-up circuit comprises a first switching device, and the wake-up circuit outputs a wake-up control signal to the protection circuit based on an operation of the first switching device by a user such that the protection circuit stops the triggering of the over-discharge protection. 2. The power supply apparatus wake-up circuit of claim 1, wherein the power consumption control circuit further comprises a control circuit connected to the voltage regulation module is configured to output the sleep control signal. 3. The power supply apparatus wake-up circuit of claim 2, wherein the voltage regulation module is a voltage dividing resistor. 4. The power supply apparatus wake-up circuit of claim 2, wherein the voltage regulation module is a PWM voltage regulation circuit adjusting a duty ratio of an output PWM signal according to the sleep control signal. 5. The power supply apparatus wake-up circuit of claim 2, wherein the voltage regulation module is a digital-analog control circuit configured to output, according to the sleep control signal, a preset voltage to the protection circuit to cause the protection circuit to trigger the over-discharge protection. 6. The power supply apparatus wake-up circuit of claim 2, wherein the protection circuit comprises:
a protection unit an input terminal of which being connected to an output terminal of the voltage regulation module; a second switching device an input terminal of which being connected to an output terminal of the protection unit; wherein the protection unit controls the second switching device to cut off system power supply of the power supply apparatus wake-up circuit in response to that a voltage output by the voltage regulation module is lower than a voltage threshold. 7. The power supply apparatus wake-up circuit of claim 6, wherein the protection unit adopts a type S-8211 lithium battery protection chip. 8. The power supply apparatus wake-up circuit of claim 6; wherein the second switching device is a field effect transistor. 9. The power supply apparatus wake-up circuit of claim 1, wherein the first switching device comprises any one of a key switch, a travel switch, a contact switch, or a magnetic control switch. 10. The power supply apparatus wake-up circuit of claim 9, wherein the wake-up circuit further comprises a field effect transistor Q1, a resistor R33, a resistor R34, a resistor R35, and a capacitor C13, one end of the resistor R35 being connected to a negative electrode of a battery, and the other end of the resistor R35 being connected to the first switching device, the other end of the first switching device being connected to a source of the field effect transistor Q1, a gate of the field effect transistor Q1 being connected to the capacitor C13, and a drain of the field effect transistor Q1 being grounded, the other end of the capacitor C13 being connected to a positive electrode of the battery, the resistor R34 being connected between the gate and the source of the field effect transistor Q1, the resistor R33 being connected between the source and the drain of the field effect transistor Q1. 11. The power supply apparatus wake-up circuit of claim 9, wherein the wake-up circuit further comprises a field effect transistor Q10, a resistor R38, a resistor R40, and a capacitor C37, one end of the resistor R40 being connected to the negative electrode of the battery, and the other end of the resistor R40 being connected to the first switching device, the other end of the first switching device being connected to a source of the field effect transistor Q10, a gate of the field effect transistor Q10 being connected to the capacitor C37, and a drain of the field effect transistor Q10 being grounded, the other end of the capacitor C37 being connected to the positive electrode of the battery, the resistor R38 being connected between the gate and the drain of the field effect transistor Q10. | A power supply apparatus wake-up circuit is provided. The power supply apparatus wake-up circuit includes a power consumption control circuit and a wake-up circuit connected to the power consumption control circuit. The power consumption control circuit includes a voltage regulation module and a protection circuit connected to the voltage regulation module. The voltage regulation module adjusts a voltage output to the protection circuit according to a sleep control signal. The protection circuit determines whether to trigger over-discharge protection according to an input voltage. The wake-up circuit includes a first switching device, and the wake-up circuit outputs a wake-up control signal to the protection circuit based on an operation of the first switching device by a user such that the protection circuit stops triggering the over-discharge protection.1. A power supply apparatus wake-up circuit, comprising:
a power consumption control circuit comprising a voltage regulation module and a protection circuit, the voltage regulation module being electrically connected to the protection circuit; a wake-up circuit connected to the power consumption control circuit; and wherein the voltage regulation module adjusts a voltage output to the protection circuit according to a sleep control signal; Wherein the protection circuit determines whether to trigger over-discharge protection according to the input voltage; and Wherein the wake-up circuit comprises a first switching device, and the wake-up circuit outputs a wake-up control signal to the protection circuit based on an operation of the first switching device by a user such that the protection circuit stops the triggering of the over-discharge protection. 2. The power supply apparatus wake-up circuit of claim 1, wherein the power consumption control circuit further comprises a control circuit connected to the voltage regulation module is configured to output the sleep control signal. 3. The power supply apparatus wake-up circuit of claim 2, wherein the voltage regulation module is a voltage dividing resistor. 4. The power supply apparatus wake-up circuit of claim 2, wherein the voltage regulation module is a PWM voltage regulation circuit adjusting a duty ratio of an output PWM signal according to the sleep control signal. 5. The power supply apparatus wake-up circuit of claim 2, wherein the voltage regulation module is a digital-analog control circuit configured to output, according to the sleep control signal, a preset voltage to the protection circuit to cause the protection circuit to trigger the over-discharge protection. 6. The power supply apparatus wake-up circuit of claim 2, wherein the protection circuit comprises:
a protection unit an input terminal of which being connected to an output terminal of the voltage regulation module; a second switching device an input terminal of which being connected to an output terminal of the protection unit; wherein the protection unit controls the second switching device to cut off system power supply of the power supply apparatus wake-up circuit in response to that a voltage output by the voltage regulation module is lower than a voltage threshold. 7. The power supply apparatus wake-up circuit of claim 6, wherein the protection unit adopts a type S-8211 lithium battery protection chip. 8. The power supply apparatus wake-up circuit of claim 6; wherein the second switching device is a field effect transistor. 9. The power supply apparatus wake-up circuit of claim 1, wherein the first switching device comprises any one of a key switch, a travel switch, a contact switch, or a magnetic control switch. 10. The power supply apparatus wake-up circuit of claim 9, wherein the wake-up circuit further comprises a field effect transistor Q1, a resistor R33, a resistor R34, a resistor R35, and a capacitor C13, one end of the resistor R35 being connected to a negative electrode of a battery, and the other end of the resistor R35 being connected to the first switching device, the other end of the first switching device being connected to a source of the field effect transistor Q1, a gate of the field effect transistor Q1 being connected to the capacitor C13, and a drain of the field effect transistor Q1 being grounded, the other end of the capacitor C13 being connected to a positive electrode of the battery, the resistor R34 being connected between the gate and the source of the field effect transistor Q1, the resistor R33 being connected between the source and the drain of the field effect transistor Q1. 11. The power supply apparatus wake-up circuit of claim 9, wherein the wake-up circuit further comprises a field effect transistor Q10, a resistor R38, a resistor R40, and a capacitor C37, one end of the resistor R40 being connected to the negative electrode of the battery, and the other end of the resistor R40 being connected to the first switching device, the other end of the first switching device being connected to a source of the field effect transistor Q10, a gate of the field effect transistor Q10 being connected to the capacitor C37, and a drain of the field effect transistor Q10 being grounded, the other end of the capacitor C37 being connected to the positive electrode of the battery, the resistor R38 being connected between the gate and the drain of the field effect transistor Q10. | 2,600 |
340,011 | 16,800,982 | 2,667 | A liquid discharge head includes a nozzle, a cover, a connector board, and a cap. The nozzle is configured to discharge liquid. The cover covers at least a part of the liquid discharge head except the nozzle. The connector board includes a connector, and a first engaging portion. The connector is detachably connected to a wiring component. The first engaging portion is configured to engage the cover in a first direction. The cap is detachably attached to the cover. The cap includes an opening and a second engaging portion. The opening is configured to engage at least one of the connector and the connector board in a second direction intersecting the first direction and expose at least a part of the connector. The second engaging portion is configured to engage the cover in a third direction. | 1. A liquid discharge head comprising:
a nozzle configured to discharge liquid; a cover covering at least a part of the liquid discharge head except the nozzle; a connector board including:
a connector detachably connected to a wiring component; and
a first engaging portion configured to engage the cover in a first direction; and
a cap detachably attached to the cover, the cap including:
an opening configured to engage at least one of the connector and the connector board in a second direction intersecting the first direction and expose at least a part of the connector; and
a second engaging portion configured to engage the cover in a third direction. 2. The liquid discharge head according to claim 1,
wherein the first direction is substantially orthogonal to the second direction. 3. The liquid discharge head according to claim 1,
wherein the third direction is substantially parallel to the second direction. 4. The liquid discharge head according to claim 1, further comprising a terminal unit connected to the wiring component,
wherein the terminal unit is disposed to project from the opening of the cap. 5. The liquid discharge head according to claim 1,
wherein the opening of the cap is opposite to the nozzle. 6. A liquid discharge device comprising:
a movable carriage; and a plurality of liquid discharge heads mounted on the carriage, the liquid discharge heads including:
a nozzle configured to discharge liquid;
a cover covering at least a part of the liquid discharge heads except the nozzle;
a connector board including:
a connector detachably connected to a wiring component; and
a first engaging portion configured to engage the cover in a first direction; and
a cap detachably attached to the cover,
the cap including:
an opening configured to engage at least one of the connector and the connector board in a second direction intersecting the first direction and expose at least a part of the connector; and
a second engaging portion configured to engage the cover in a third direction. 7. The liquid discharge device according to claim 6,
wherein the first direction is substantially orthogonal to the second direction. 8. The liquid discharge device according to claim 6,
wherein the third direction is substantially parallel to the second direction. 9. The liquid discharge device according to claim 6, further comprising a terminal unit connected to the wiring component,
wherein the terminal unit is disposed to project from the opening of the cap. 10. The liquid discharge device according to claim 6,
wherein the opening of the cap is opposite to the nozzle. 11. A liquid discharge apparatus comprising:
a cartridge configured to store liquid; a feed tray configured to feed a medium; an ejection tray configured to receive the medium; and a liquid discharge device configured to receive the liquid from the cartridge, the liquid discharge device including:
a movable carriage; and
a plurality of liquid discharge heads mounted on the carriage,
the liquid discharge heads including:
a nozzle configured to discharge liquid;
a cover covering at least a part of the liquid discharge heads except the nozzle;
a connector board including:
a connector detachably connected to a wiring component; and
a first engaging portion configured to engage the cover in a first direction; and
a cap detachably attached to the cover,
the cap including:
an opening configured to engage at least one of the connector and the connector board in a second direction intersecting the first direction and expose at least a part of the connector; and
a second engaging portion configured to engage the cover in a third direction. 12. The liquid discharge apparatus according to claim 11,
wherein the first direction is substantially orthogonal to the second direction. 13. The liquid discharge apparatus according to claim 11,
wherein the third direction is substantially parallel to the second direction. 14. The liquid discharge apparatus according to claim 11, further comprising a terminal unit connected to the wiring component,
wherein the terminal unit is disposed to project from the opening of the cap. 15. The liquid discharge apparatus according to claim 11,
wherein the opening of the cap is opposite to the nozzle. | A liquid discharge head includes a nozzle, a cover, a connector board, and a cap. The nozzle is configured to discharge liquid. The cover covers at least a part of the liquid discharge head except the nozzle. The connector board includes a connector, and a first engaging portion. The connector is detachably connected to a wiring component. The first engaging portion is configured to engage the cover in a first direction. The cap is detachably attached to the cover. The cap includes an opening and a second engaging portion. The opening is configured to engage at least one of the connector and the connector board in a second direction intersecting the first direction and expose at least a part of the connector. The second engaging portion is configured to engage the cover in a third direction.1. A liquid discharge head comprising:
a nozzle configured to discharge liquid; a cover covering at least a part of the liquid discharge head except the nozzle; a connector board including:
a connector detachably connected to a wiring component; and
a first engaging portion configured to engage the cover in a first direction; and
a cap detachably attached to the cover, the cap including:
an opening configured to engage at least one of the connector and the connector board in a second direction intersecting the first direction and expose at least a part of the connector; and
a second engaging portion configured to engage the cover in a third direction. 2. The liquid discharge head according to claim 1,
wherein the first direction is substantially orthogonal to the second direction. 3. The liquid discharge head according to claim 1,
wherein the third direction is substantially parallel to the second direction. 4. The liquid discharge head according to claim 1, further comprising a terminal unit connected to the wiring component,
wherein the terminal unit is disposed to project from the opening of the cap. 5. The liquid discharge head according to claim 1,
wherein the opening of the cap is opposite to the nozzle. 6. A liquid discharge device comprising:
a movable carriage; and a plurality of liquid discharge heads mounted on the carriage, the liquid discharge heads including:
a nozzle configured to discharge liquid;
a cover covering at least a part of the liquid discharge heads except the nozzle;
a connector board including:
a connector detachably connected to a wiring component; and
a first engaging portion configured to engage the cover in a first direction; and
a cap detachably attached to the cover,
the cap including:
an opening configured to engage at least one of the connector and the connector board in a second direction intersecting the first direction and expose at least a part of the connector; and
a second engaging portion configured to engage the cover in a third direction. 7. The liquid discharge device according to claim 6,
wherein the first direction is substantially orthogonal to the second direction. 8. The liquid discharge device according to claim 6,
wherein the third direction is substantially parallel to the second direction. 9. The liquid discharge device according to claim 6, further comprising a terminal unit connected to the wiring component,
wherein the terminal unit is disposed to project from the opening of the cap. 10. The liquid discharge device according to claim 6,
wherein the opening of the cap is opposite to the nozzle. 11. A liquid discharge apparatus comprising:
a cartridge configured to store liquid; a feed tray configured to feed a medium; an ejection tray configured to receive the medium; and a liquid discharge device configured to receive the liquid from the cartridge, the liquid discharge device including:
a movable carriage; and
a plurality of liquid discharge heads mounted on the carriage,
the liquid discharge heads including:
a nozzle configured to discharge liquid;
a cover covering at least a part of the liquid discharge heads except the nozzle;
a connector board including:
a connector detachably connected to a wiring component; and
a first engaging portion configured to engage the cover in a first direction; and
a cap detachably attached to the cover,
the cap including:
an opening configured to engage at least one of the connector and the connector board in a second direction intersecting the first direction and expose at least a part of the connector; and
a second engaging portion configured to engage the cover in a third direction. 12. The liquid discharge apparatus according to claim 11,
wherein the first direction is substantially orthogonal to the second direction. 13. The liquid discharge apparatus according to claim 11,
wherein the third direction is substantially parallel to the second direction. 14. The liquid discharge apparatus according to claim 11, further comprising a terminal unit connected to the wiring component,
wherein the terminal unit is disposed to project from the opening of the cap. 15. The liquid discharge apparatus according to claim 11,
wherein the opening of the cap is opposite to the nozzle. | 2,600 |
340,012 | 16,801,022 | 2,836 | A system for transferring electric power is provided. A power supply conductor conducts a power supply current that generates a first resultant magnetic field. An electric motor has a power input terminal connected to the power supply conductor and a movable output component. A generator has a movable input component connected to the movable output component such that the movable output component causes movement of the movable input component. The generator converts the movement of the movable input component into a power output current to the power output terminal that generates a second resultant magnetic field. A plurality of field line guides are positioned for field lines of the second resultant magnetic field to couple to the plurality of field line guides and are formed to guide the field lines into a helical shape. | 1-18. (canceled) 19. A method of transferring electric power comprising:
conducting a power supply current that generates a first resultant magnetic field; converting the power supply current to movement of the movable output component; converting the movement into a second electric current that generates a second resultant magnetic field that is uncoupled from the first resultant magnetic field; and coupling field lines of the second resultant magnetic field to a plurality of field line guides formed to guide the field lines into a helical shape. 20. (canceled) 21. The method of claim 19, wherein at least one motor power supply conductor connecting the speed controller to the motor, operating a speed controller, connected to the single phase alternating current power supply and to a single phase alternating current ground to control a speed of the movable output component. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein three three-phase motor power supply conductors connect the speed controller to the electric motor. 23. The method of claim 19, wherein the movable output component is a rotating output axle. 24, (New) The method of claim 19, wherein the movable input component is a rotating input axle. 25. The method of claim 19 further comprising:
creating a current generation magnetic field between first and second magnets, wherein at least a first set of the field line guides are formed in the first magnet. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein at least a second set of the field line guides are formed in the second magnet. 27. The method of claim 24, wherein the movable input component moves a coil and the first magnet relative to one another to generate a current in the coil. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein the movable input component rotates the coil and the first magnet relative to one another to generate a current in the coil. 29. The method of claim 28, wherein at least a first commutator connects a first end of the coil to a delivery circuit. 30. The method of claim 29, wherein at least a second commutator connects a second end of the coil to the delivery circuit, the coil having a section between the first and second ends thereof that travels through a current generation magnetic field created by the magnets to generate the current in the coil. 31. The method of claim 25, wherein the first and second magnets are first and second permanent magnets. 32. The method of claim 25, wherein the first and second magnets are first and second electromagnets, further comprising:
delivering power to the first and second electromagnets. 33. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
charging a first battery using the second electric current through at least a first set of charging terminals including a positive charging terminal and a negative terminal that are positioned relative to one another for charging the first battery. 34. The method of claim 33, wherein the second resultant magnetic field has a helical shape around the first battery and a pitch of the helical shape around the first battery is the same as a pitch of the field line guides. 35. The method of claim 33, further comprising:
charging a second battery using the second electric current through at least a second set of charging terminals including a positive charging terminal and a negative terminal that are positioned relative to one another for charging the second battery. 36. The method of claim 33, wherein the second resultant magnetic field has a helical shape around the second battery and a pitch of the helical shape around the second battery is the same as a pitch of the field line guides. 37. The method of claim 19, wherein the first resultant magnetic field has a helical shape with a pitch that is larger than a pitch of the field line guides. | A system for transferring electric power is provided. A power supply conductor conducts a power supply current that generates a first resultant magnetic field. An electric motor has a power input terminal connected to the power supply conductor and a movable output component. A generator has a movable input component connected to the movable output component such that the movable output component causes movement of the movable input component. The generator converts the movement of the movable input component into a power output current to the power output terminal that generates a second resultant magnetic field. A plurality of field line guides are positioned for field lines of the second resultant magnetic field to couple to the plurality of field line guides and are formed to guide the field lines into a helical shape.1-18. (canceled) 19. A method of transferring electric power comprising:
conducting a power supply current that generates a first resultant magnetic field; converting the power supply current to movement of the movable output component; converting the movement into a second electric current that generates a second resultant magnetic field that is uncoupled from the first resultant magnetic field; and coupling field lines of the second resultant magnetic field to a plurality of field line guides formed to guide the field lines into a helical shape. 20. (canceled) 21. The method of claim 19, wherein at least one motor power supply conductor connecting the speed controller to the motor, operating a speed controller, connected to the single phase alternating current power supply and to a single phase alternating current ground to control a speed of the movable output component. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein three three-phase motor power supply conductors connect the speed controller to the electric motor. 23. The method of claim 19, wherein the movable output component is a rotating output axle. 24, (New) The method of claim 19, wherein the movable input component is a rotating input axle. 25. The method of claim 19 further comprising:
creating a current generation magnetic field between first and second magnets, wherein at least a first set of the field line guides are formed in the first magnet. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein at least a second set of the field line guides are formed in the second magnet. 27. The method of claim 24, wherein the movable input component moves a coil and the first magnet relative to one another to generate a current in the coil. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein the movable input component rotates the coil and the first magnet relative to one another to generate a current in the coil. 29. The method of claim 28, wherein at least a first commutator connects a first end of the coil to a delivery circuit. 30. The method of claim 29, wherein at least a second commutator connects a second end of the coil to the delivery circuit, the coil having a section between the first and second ends thereof that travels through a current generation magnetic field created by the magnets to generate the current in the coil. 31. The method of claim 25, wherein the first and second magnets are first and second permanent magnets. 32. The method of claim 25, wherein the first and second magnets are first and second electromagnets, further comprising:
delivering power to the first and second electromagnets. 33. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
charging a first battery using the second electric current through at least a first set of charging terminals including a positive charging terminal and a negative terminal that are positioned relative to one another for charging the first battery. 34. The method of claim 33, wherein the second resultant magnetic field has a helical shape around the first battery and a pitch of the helical shape around the first battery is the same as a pitch of the field line guides. 35. The method of claim 33, further comprising:
charging a second battery using the second electric current through at least a second set of charging terminals including a positive charging terminal and a negative terminal that are positioned relative to one another for charging the second battery. 36. The method of claim 33, wherein the second resultant magnetic field has a helical shape around the second battery and a pitch of the helical shape around the second battery is the same as a pitch of the field line guides. 37. The method of claim 19, wherein the first resultant magnetic field has a helical shape with a pitch that is larger than a pitch of the field line guides. | 2,800 |
340,013 | 16,801,012 | 2,836 | A helmet that includes an outer shell having at least a first outer magnetic member, an inner shell having at least a first inner magnetic member, and padding secured inside the inner shell. The first inner magnetic member is spaced from and opposed to the first outer magnetic member, such that the first inner magnetic member repels the first outer magnetic member. The outer shell is connected to the inner shell. | 1. A helmet comprising:
an outer shell comprising at least a first outer magnetic member, an inner shell comprising at least a first inner magnetic member, wherein the first inner magnetic member is spaced from and opposed to the first outer magnetic member, such that the first inner magnetic member repels the first outer magnetic member, wherein the outer shell is connected to the inner shell, and padding secured inside the inner shell. 2. The helmet of claim 1 wherein the first outer magnetic member is bonded to an inner surface of the outer shell, and wherein the first inner magnetic member is bonded to an outer surface of the inner shell. 3. The helmet of claim 1 wherein the first outer magnetic member is embedded in the outer shell, and wherein the first inner magnetic member is embedded in the inner shell. 4. The helmet of claim 3 wherein the first outer magnetic member is received in a recess defined in an inner surface of the outer shell, and wherein the first inner magnetic member is received in a recess defined in an outer surface of the inner shell. 5. The helmet of claim 3 at least one of the first outer magnetic member and the first inner magnetic member comprises a powder. 6. The helmet of claim 1 wherein the inner shell is connected to the outer shell by at least a first connection member. 7. The helmet of claim 6 wherein the first connection member comprises an elastic material, such that the outer shell can move with respect to the inner shell. 8. The helmet of claim 1 wherein the outer shell comprises a plurality of outer magnetic members and the an inner shell comprises a plurality of inner magnetic members, wherein the inner magnetic members are spaced from the outer magnetic members, and wherein at least some of the inner magnetic members oppose at least some of the outer magnetic members, such that the inner magnetic members repel the outer magnetic members. 9. The helmet of claim 1 wherein one of the inner shell or the outer shell comprises a set of magnetic members that oppose either the first inner magnetic member or the first outer magnetic member. 10. The helmet of claim 9 wherein the set of magnetic members includes a central magnetic member and a plurality of surrounding magnetic members that surround the central magnetic member. 11. The helmet of claim 10 wherein the surrounding magnetic members have a stronger magnetism than the central magnetic member. 12. The helmet of claim 11 wherein the surrounding magnetic members are not opposed to any magnetic members. 13. The helmet of claim 1 wherein one or both of the first outer magnetic member and the first inner magnetic member are electromagnets. 14. A method of creating a helmet, the method comprising the steps of:
providing a curved outer shell that comprises a first outer magnetic member, and securing a first inner magnetic member in a position such that it is spaced from the first outer magnetic member, wherein the first inner magnetic member opposes and repels the first outer magnetic member. 15. The method of claim 14 further comprising the step of securing padding within the helmet, wherein the first inner magnetic member is positioned between the padding and the first outer magnetic member. 16. The method of claim 14 wherein one of the first inner magnetic member or the first outer magnetic member is a central magnetic member that is surrounded by a plurality of surrounding magnetic members. 17. The method of claim 14 wherein the helmet includes an inner shell that comprises the first inner magnetic member, and wherein the method further comprises the step of securing the inner shell to the outer shell with a first connection member. 18. The method of claim 17 wherein the first connection member comprises an elastic material, such that the outer shell can move with respect to the inner shell. 19. The method of claim 14 wherein the first outer magnetic member comprises a powder that is embedded in the outer shell. | A helmet that includes an outer shell having at least a first outer magnetic member, an inner shell having at least a first inner magnetic member, and padding secured inside the inner shell. The first inner magnetic member is spaced from and opposed to the first outer magnetic member, such that the first inner magnetic member repels the first outer magnetic member. The outer shell is connected to the inner shell.1. A helmet comprising:
an outer shell comprising at least a first outer magnetic member, an inner shell comprising at least a first inner magnetic member, wherein the first inner magnetic member is spaced from and opposed to the first outer magnetic member, such that the first inner magnetic member repels the first outer magnetic member, wherein the outer shell is connected to the inner shell, and padding secured inside the inner shell. 2. The helmet of claim 1 wherein the first outer magnetic member is bonded to an inner surface of the outer shell, and wherein the first inner magnetic member is bonded to an outer surface of the inner shell. 3. The helmet of claim 1 wherein the first outer magnetic member is embedded in the outer shell, and wherein the first inner magnetic member is embedded in the inner shell. 4. The helmet of claim 3 wherein the first outer magnetic member is received in a recess defined in an inner surface of the outer shell, and wherein the first inner magnetic member is received in a recess defined in an outer surface of the inner shell. 5. The helmet of claim 3 at least one of the first outer magnetic member and the first inner magnetic member comprises a powder. 6. The helmet of claim 1 wherein the inner shell is connected to the outer shell by at least a first connection member. 7. The helmet of claim 6 wherein the first connection member comprises an elastic material, such that the outer shell can move with respect to the inner shell. 8. The helmet of claim 1 wherein the outer shell comprises a plurality of outer magnetic members and the an inner shell comprises a plurality of inner magnetic members, wherein the inner magnetic members are spaced from the outer magnetic members, and wherein at least some of the inner magnetic members oppose at least some of the outer magnetic members, such that the inner magnetic members repel the outer magnetic members. 9. The helmet of claim 1 wherein one of the inner shell or the outer shell comprises a set of magnetic members that oppose either the first inner magnetic member or the first outer magnetic member. 10. The helmet of claim 9 wherein the set of magnetic members includes a central magnetic member and a plurality of surrounding magnetic members that surround the central magnetic member. 11. The helmet of claim 10 wherein the surrounding magnetic members have a stronger magnetism than the central magnetic member. 12. The helmet of claim 11 wherein the surrounding magnetic members are not opposed to any magnetic members. 13. The helmet of claim 1 wherein one or both of the first outer magnetic member and the first inner magnetic member are electromagnets. 14. A method of creating a helmet, the method comprising the steps of:
providing a curved outer shell that comprises a first outer magnetic member, and securing a first inner magnetic member in a position such that it is spaced from the first outer magnetic member, wherein the first inner magnetic member opposes and repels the first outer magnetic member. 15. The method of claim 14 further comprising the step of securing padding within the helmet, wherein the first inner magnetic member is positioned between the padding and the first outer magnetic member. 16. The method of claim 14 wherein one of the first inner magnetic member or the first outer magnetic member is a central magnetic member that is surrounded by a plurality of surrounding magnetic members. 17. The method of claim 14 wherein the helmet includes an inner shell that comprises the first inner magnetic member, and wherein the method further comprises the step of securing the inner shell to the outer shell with a first connection member. 18. The method of claim 17 wherein the first connection member comprises an elastic material, such that the outer shell can move with respect to the inner shell. 19. The method of claim 14 wherein the first outer magnetic member comprises a powder that is embedded in the outer shell. | 2,800 |
340,014 | 16,800,935 | 2,836 | Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. According to one or more aspects, a user equipment (UE) may receive a configuration message from a base station. The configuration message may configure the UE based on one or more identifiers associated with a group of UEs. The UE may determine at least one identifier based on receiving the configuration message, and may monitor a signal based on the at least one identifier. In some cases, the signal may indicate whether the UE should skip an upcoming duration associated with a discontinuous reception. The UE may then communicate with the base station, based on monitoring the signal. | 1. A method for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), comprising:
receiving, from a base station, a configuration message that includes one or more identifiers associated with a group of UEs; determining at least one identifier based at least in part on receiving the configuration message; monitoring a signal based at least in part on the at least one identifier, wherein the signal indicates whether to skip an upcoming duration associated with a discontinuous reception; and communicating, with the base station, based at least in part on monitoring the signal. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining that a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) in a downlink control information (DCI) associated with the signal is scrambled using the at least one identifier, wherein monitoring the signal is based at least in part on the determining. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the at least one identifier is a wake-up signal radio network temporary identifier (RNTI), wherein monitoring the signal further comprises monitoring a wake-up signal based at least in part on the wake-up signal RNTI. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the wake-up signal RNTI is same for the group of UEs. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein determining at least one identifier further comprises:
receiving a downlink control information (DCI) associated with the signal; and analyzing content of the DCI to identify a bit mask associated with one or more intended recipients of the signal. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the bit mask indicates whether to skip the upcoming duration associated with the discontinuous reception, and wherein monitoring the signal is based at least in part on the bit mask. 7. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
determining whether to monitor a second signal based at least in part on the bit mask, wherein monitoring the second signal is based at least in part on determining that the UE is included in the one or more intended recipients. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) scrambling seed associated with the signal, wherein monitoring the signal is based at least in part on determining the DMRS scrambling seed. 9. The method of claim 2, wherein the at least one identifier is a cell radio network temporary identifier (C-RNTI), wherein monitoring the signal further comprises monitoring a wake-up signal based at least in part on the C-RNTI. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the C-RNTI is uniquely associated with the UE. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining that the UE is not configured with a first indicator based at least in part on the configuration message, wherein monitoring the signal further comprises monitoring the signal based at least in part on a second identifier, and wherein the first identifier is a wake-up signal radio network temporary identifier (RNTI) and the second identifier is a cell RNTI (C-RNTI). 12. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining a second identifier based at least in part on receiving the configuration message, wherein the at least one identifier is a wake-up signal radio network temporary identifier (RNTI) and the second identifier is a cell RNTI (C-RNTI). 13. The method of claim 12, wherein monitoring the signal further comprises:
monitoring a first wake-up signal based at least in part on the at least one identifier; and monitoring a second wake-up signal based at least in part on the second identifier. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein monitoring the first wake-up signal and the second wake-up signal occurs during a monitoring occasion. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein monitoring the first wake-up signal and the second wake-up signal occurs during different monitoring occasions. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the signal is a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH)-based wake-up signal. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the configuration message is a radio resource control (RRC) configuration message. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein the group of UEs comprise one or more UEs. 19. A method for wireless communication at a base station, comprising:
transmitting, to a user equipment (UE), a configuration message that includes one or more identifiers associated with a group of UEs; configuring the UE with at least one identifier based at least in part on transmitting the configuration message; transmitting a signal based at least in part on the at least one identifier, wherein the signal indicates whether to skip an upcoming duration associated with a discontinuous reception; and communicating, with the UE, based at least in part on the signal. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
scrambling, using the at least one identifier, a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) in a downlink control information (DCI) associated with the signal, wherein transmitting the signal further comprising transmitting the signal including the scrambled CRC. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the at least one identifier is a wake-up signal radio network temporary identifier (RNTI), wherein transmitting the signal further comprises transmitting a wake-up signal based at least in part on the wake-up signal RNTI. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the wake-up signal RNTI is same for the group of UEs. 23. The method of claim 20, wherein the at least one identifier is a cell radio network temporary identifier (C-RNTI), wherein transmitting the signal further comprises transmitting a wake-up signal based at least in part on the C-RNTI. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the C-RNTI is uniquely associated with the UE. 25. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
configuring the UE with a second identifier based at least in part on transmitting the configuration message, wherein the at least one identifier is a wake-up signal radio network temporary identifier (RNTI) and the second identifier is a cell RNTI (C-RNTI). 26. The method of claim 25, wherein transmitting the signal further comprises:
transmitting a first wake-up signal based at least in part on the at least one identifier; and transmitting a second wake-up signal based at least in part on the second identifier. 27. The method of claim 19, wherein the signal is a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH)-based wake-up signal. 28. The method of claim 19, wherein the configuration message is a radio resource control (RRC) configuration message. 29. An apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), comprising:
a processor, memory in communication with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
receive, from a base station, a configuration message that includes one or more identifiers associated with a group of UEs;
determine at least one identifier based at least in part on receiving the configuration message;
monitor a signal based at least in part on the at least one identifier, wherein the signal indicates whether to skip an upcoming duration associated with a discontinuous reception; and
communicate, with the base station, based at least in part on monitoring the signal. 30. An apparatus for wireless communication at a base station, comprising:
a processor, memory in electronic communication with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
transmit, to a user equipment (UE), a configuration message that includes one or more identifiers associated with a group of UEs;
configure the UE with at least one identifier based at least in part on transmitting the configuration message;
transmit a signal based at least in part on the at least one identifier, wherein the signal indicates whether to skip an upcoming duration associated with a discontinuous reception; and
communicate, with the UE, based at least in part on the signal. | Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. According to one or more aspects, a user equipment (UE) may receive a configuration message from a base station. The configuration message may configure the UE based on one or more identifiers associated with a group of UEs. The UE may determine at least one identifier based on receiving the configuration message, and may monitor a signal based on the at least one identifier. In some cases, the signal may indicate whether the UE should skip an upcoming duration associated with a discontinuous reception. The UE may then communicate with the base station, based on monitoring the signal.1. A method for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), comprising:
receiving, from a base station, a configuration message that includes one or more identifiers associated with a group of UEs; determining at least one identifier based at least in part on receiving the configuration message; monitoring a signal based at least in part on the at least one identifier, wherein the signal indicates whether to skip an upcoming duration associated with a discontinuous reception; and communicating, with the base station, based at least in part on monitoring the signal. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining that a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) in a downlink control information (DCI) associated with the signal is scrambled using the at least one identifier, wherein monitoring the signal is based at least in part on the determining. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the at least one identifier is a wake-up signal radio network temporary identifier (RNTI), wherein monitoring the signal further comprises monitoring a wake-up signal based at least in part on the wake-up signal RNTI. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the wake-up signal RNTI is same for the group of UEs. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein determining at least one identifier further comprises:
receiving a downlink control information (DCI) associated with the signal; and analyzing content of the DCI to identify a bit mask associated with one or more intended recipients of the signal. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the bit mask indicates whether to skip the upcoming duration associated with the discontinuous reception, and wherein monitoring the signal is based at least in part on the bit mask. 7. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
determining whether to monitor a second signal based at least in part on the bit mask, wherein monitoring the second signal is based at least in part on determining that the UE is included in the one or more intended recipients. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) scrambling seed associated with the signal, wherein monitoring the signal is based at least in part on determining the DMRS scrambling seed. 9. The method of claim 2, wherein the at least one identifier is a cell radio network temporary identifier (C-RNTI), wherein monitoring the signal further comprises monitoring a wake-up signal based at least in part on the C-RNTI. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the C-RNTI is uniquely associated with the UE. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining that the UE is not configured with a first indicator based at least in part on the configuration message, wherein monitoring the signal further comprises monitoring the signal based at least in part on a second identifier, and wherein the first identifier is a wake-up signal radio network temporary identifier (RNTI) and the second identifier is a cell RNTI (C-RNTI). 12. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining a second identifier based at least in part on receiving the configuration message, wherein the at least one identifier is a wake-up signal radio network temporary identifier (RNTI) and the second identifier is a cell RNTI (C-RNTI). 13. The method of claim 12, wherein monitoring the signal further comprises:
monitoring a first wake-up signal based at least in part on the at least one identifier; and monitoring a second wake-up signal based at least in part on the second identifier. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein monitoring the first wake-up signal and the second wake-up signal occurs during a monitoring occasion. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein monitoring the first wake-up signal and the second wake-up signal occurs during different monitoring occasions. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the signal is a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH)-based wake-up signal. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the configuration message is a radio resource control (RRC) configuration message. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein the group of UEs comprise one or more UEs. 19. A method for wireless communication at a base station, comprising:
transmitting, to a user equipment (UE), a configuration message that includes one or more identifiers associated with a group of UEs; configuring the UE with at least one identifier based at least in part on transmitting the configuration message; transmitting a signal based at least in part on the at least one identifier, wherein the signal indicates whether to skip an upcoming duration associated with a discontinuous reception; and communicating, with the UE, based at least in part on the signal. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
scrambling, using the at least one identifier, a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) in a downlink control information (DCI) associated with the signal, wherein transmitting the signal further comprising transmitting the signal including the scrambled CRC. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the at least one identifier is a wake-up signal radio network temporary identifier (RNTI), wherein transmitting the signal further comprises transmitting a wake-up signal based at least in part on the wake-up signal RNTI. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the wake-up signal RNTI is same for the group of UEs. 23. The method of claim 20, wherein the at least one identifier is a cell radio network temporary identifier (C-RNTI), wherein transmitting the signal further comprises transmitting a wake-up signal based at least in part on the C-RNTI. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the C-RNTI is uniquely associated with the UE. 25. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
configuring the UE with a second identifier based at least in part on transmitting the configuration message, wherein the at least one identifier is a wake-up signal radio network temporary identifier (RNTI) and the second identifier is a cell RNTI (C-RNTI). 26. The method of claim 25, wherein transmitting the signal further comprises:
transmitting a first wake-up signal based at least in part on the at least one identifier; and transmitting a second wake-up signal based at least in part on the second identifier. 27. The method of claim 19, wherein the signal is a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH)-based wake-up signal. 28. The method of claim 19, wherein the configuration message is a radio resource control (RRC) configuration message. 29. An apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), comprising:
a processor, memory in communication with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
receive, from a base station, a configuration message that includes one or more identifiers associated with a group of UEs;
determine at least one identifier based at least in part on receiving the configuration message;
monitor a signal based at least in part on the at least one identifier, wherein the signal indicates whether to skip an upcoming duration associated with a discontinuous reception; and
communicate, with the base station, based at least in part on monitoring the signal. 30. An apparatus for wireless communication at a base station, comprising:
a processor, memory in electronic communication with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
transmit, to a user equipment (UE), a configuration message that includes one or more identifiers associated with a group of UEs;
configure the UE with at least one identifier based at least in part on transmitting the configuration message;
transmit a signal based at least in part on the at least one identifier, wherein the signal indicates whether to skip an upcoming duration associated with a discontinuous reception; and
communicate, with the UE, based at least in part on the signal. | 2,800 |
340,015 | 16,801,003 | 2,836 | A multi-point seat belt system is applied to a seat of a vehicle and has a webbing locking device, an emergency locking-retracting mechanism, and two automatic locking retractors. The webbing locking device has a buckle assembly and a tongue assembly detachably disposed on the buckle assembly. The emergency locking-retracting mechanism is disposed on the seat and has two shoulder webbings connected to the buckle assembly and the tongue assembly respectively. The two automatic locking retractors are disposed on two sides of the seat and have two lower webbings connected to the buckle assembly and the tongue assembly respectively. The two shoulder webbings locked by the two emergency locking retractors and the two lower webbings tightened by the two automatic locking retractors are distributed around the body of the occupant and can fasten the occupant on the seat steadily for promoting the safety protection performance. | 1. A multi-point seat belt system comprising:
a webbing locking device having
a buckle assembly having
a buckle base being rigid and having
a first connecting portion; and
a first insertion portion formed below the first connecting portion and having a first through hole formed through the first insertion portion; and
a locking assembly disposed on the buckle base; and
a tongue assembly having
a tongue base being rigid and having a tongue portion, a second connecting portion, and a second insertion portion, the tongue portion selectively inserted into the locking assembly of the buckle assembly for locking or unlocking, the second connecting portion and the second insertion portion formed on an end of the tongue portion, the second connecting portion located above the second insertion portion of the tongue base, the second insertion portion of the tongue base having a second through hole formed through the second insertion portion of the tongue base;
an emergency locking-retracting mechanism having at least one emergency locking retractor and two shoulder webbings, the two shoulder webbings connected to the at least one emergency locking retractor for being extracted, retracted, and locked automatically, one of the two shoulder webbings connected to the first connecting portion of the buckle assembly, the other one of the two shoulder webbings connected to the second connecting portion of the tongue assembly, wherein the emergency locking-retracting mechanism is adapted to be disposed on a seat or a vehicle body; and two automatic locking retractors, each one of the two automatic locking retractors having a lower webbing being extracted, retracted, and locked automatically, wherein the two automatic locking retractors are adapted to be disposed on two sides of the seat, the lower webbing of one of the two automatic locking retractors is inserted through the first through hole of the first insertion portion of the buckle base and is disposed on a side of a cushion of the seat, and the lower webbing of the other one of the two automatic locking retractors is inserted through the second through hole of the second insertion portion of the tongue base and is disposed on another side of the cushion of the seat. 2. The multi-point seat belt system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the amount of the at least one emergency locking retractor is one, and the two shoulder webbings are connected to each other to form a Y-shaped webbing for connecting the emergency locking retractor. 3. The multi-point seat belt system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the amount of the at least one emergency locking retractor is two, and the two shoulder webbings are respectively connected to the two emergency locking retractors. 4. The multi-point seat belt system as claimed in claim 1, wherein
the buckle assembly has a buckle outer shell, the buckle outer shell covers the buckle base and the locking assembly; the first connecting portion of the buckle base and the first insertion portion of the buckle base are exposed out of the buckle outer shell; the locking assembly has a pressing member, the pressing member is exposed out of the buckle outer shell of the buckle assembly; and the tongue assembly has a tongue outer shell, the tongue outer shell covers the tongue base and the tongue portion of the tongue base; the second connecting portion of the tongue base and the second insertion portion of the tongue base are exposed out of the tongue outer shell. 5. The multi-point seat belt system as claimed in claim 2, wherein
the buckle assembly has a buckle outer shell, the buckle outer shell covers the buckle base and the locking assembly; the first connecting portion of the buckle base and the first insertion portion of the buckle base are exposed out of the buckle outer shell; the locking assembly has a pressing member, the pressing member is exposed out of the buckle outer shell of the buckle assembly; and the tongue assembly has a tongue outer shell, the tongue outer shell covers the tongue base and the tongue portion of the tongue base; the second connecting portion of the tongue base and the second insertion portion of the tongue base are exposed out of the tongue outer shell. 6. The multi-point seat belt system as claimed in claim 3, wherein
the buckle assembly has a buckle outer shell, the buckle outer shell covers the buckle base and the locking assembly; the first connecting portion of the buckle base and the first insertion portion of the buckle base are exposed out of the buckle outer shell; the locking assembly has a pressing member, the pressing member is exposed out of the buckle outer shell of the buckle assembly; and the tongue assembly has a tongue outer shell, the tongue outer shell covers the tongue base and the tongue portion of the tongue base; the second connecting portion of the tongue base and the second insertion portion of the tongue base are exposed out of the tongue outer shell. 7. The multi-point seat belt system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the multi-point seat belt system has a shoulder webbing connecting device, and the shoulder webbing connecting device is detachable and is selectively disposed between the two shoulder webbings for limiting a distance between the two shoulder webbings. 8. The multi-point seat belt system as claimed in claim 2, wherein the multi-point seat belt system has a shoulder webbing connecting device, and the shoulder webbing connecting device is detachable and is selectively disposed between the two shoulder webbings for limiting a distance between the two shoulder webbings. 9. The multi-point seat belt system as claimed in claim 3, wherein the multi-point seat belt system has a shoulder webbing connecting device, and the shoulder webbing connecting device is detachable and is selectively disposed between the two shoulder webbings for limiting a distance between the two shoulder webbings. 10. A multi-point seat belt system comprising:
a webbing locking device having
a buckle assembly having
a buckle base being rigid and having
a first connecting portion; and
a first insertion portion formed below the first connecting portion and having a first through hole formed through the first insertion portion; and
a locking assembly disposed on the buckle base; and
a tongue assembly having
a tongue base being rigid and having a tongue portion, a second connecting portion, and a second insertion portion, the tongue portion selectively inserted into the locking assembly of the buckle assembly for locking or unlocking, the second connecting portion and the second insertion portion formed on an end of the tongue portion, the second insertion portion located above the second connecting portion of the tongue base, the second insertion portion of the tongue base having a second through hole formed through the second insertion portion of the tongue base;
two sliding members, one of the two sliding members inserted through the first through hole of the first insertion portion of the buckle assembly and being able to move relative to the first insertion portion of the buckle base, the other one of the two sliding members inserted through the second through hole of the second insertion portion of the tongue assembly and being able to move relative to the second insertion portion of the tongue base, and each one of the two sliding members having a through groove being inclined;
an emergency locking-retracting mechanism having at least one emergency locking retractor and two shoulder webbings, the two shoulder webbings connected to the at least one emergency locking retractor for being extracted, retracted, and locked automatically, one of the two shoulder webbings inserted through the first through hole of the first insertion portion of the buckle assembly and the through groove of one of the two sliding members, the other one of the two shoulder webbings inserted through the second through hole of the second insertion portion of the tongue assembly and the through groove of the other one of the two sliding members, wherein the emergency locking-retracting mechanism is adapted to be disposed on a seat or a vehicle body, and the two shoulder webbings are respectively disposed on two sides of a cushion of the seat; and two automatic locking retractors, each one of the two automatic locking retractors having a lower webbing being extracted, retracted, and locked automatically, the lower webbing of one of the two automatic locking retractors connected to the first connecting portion of the buckle assembly, the lower webbing of the other one of the two automatic locking retractors connected to the second connecting portion of the tongue assembly, wherein the two automatic locking retractors are adapted to be disposed on two sides of the seat. 11. The multi-point seat belt system as claimed in claim 10, wherein the amount of the at least one emergency locking retractor is one, and the two shoulder webbings are connected to each other to form a Y-shaped webbing for connecting the emergency locking retractor. 12. The multi-point seat belt system as claimed in claim 10, wherein the amount of the at least one emergency locking retractor is two, and the two shoulder webbings are respectively connected to the two emergency locking retractors. 13. The multi-point seat belt system as claimed in claim 10, wherein each one of the two sliding members has
a first side plate having a top end; a second side plate being opposite to the first side plate at a spaced interval and having a bottom end; a base portion formed between the first side plate and the second side plate and having
two walls both connected to the first side plate and the second side plate; and
the through groove downwardly and inclinedly extending from the top end of the first side plate to the bottom end of the second side plate; and
wherein in one of the two sliding members, the base portion is inserted through the first through hole of the first insertion portion of the buckle assembly, and the first side plate and the second side plate are respectively located at two opposite sides of the first insertion portion of the buckle assembly, and in the other one of the two sliding members, the base portion is inserted through the second through hole of the second insertion portion of the tongue assembly, and the first side plate and the second side plate are respectively located at two opposite sides of the second insertion portion of the tongue assembly. 14. The multi-point seat belt system as claimed in claim 11, wherein each one of the two sliding members has
a first side plate having a top end; a second side plate being opposite to the first side plate at a spaced interval and having a bottom end; a base portion formed between the first side plate and the second side plate and having
two walls both connected to the first side plate and the second side plate; and
the through groove downwardly and inclinedly extending from the top end of the first side plate to the bottom end of the second side plate; and
wherein in one of the two sliding members, the base portion is inserted through the first through hole of the first insertion portion of the buckle assembly, and the first side plate and the second side plate are respectively located at two opposite sides of the first insertion portion of the buckle assembly, and in the other one of the two sliding members, the base portion is inserted through the second through hole of the second insertion portion of the tongue assembly, and the first side plate and the second side plate are respectively located at two opposite sides of the second insertion portion of the tongue assembly. 15. The multi-point seat belt system as claimed in claim 12, wherein each one of the two sliding members has
a first side plate having a top end; a second side plate being opposite to the first side plate at a spaced interval and having a bottom end; a base portion formed between the first side plate and the second side plate and having
two walls both connected to the first side plate and the second side plate; and
the through groove downwardly and inclinedly extending from the top end of the first side plate to the bottom end of the second side plate; and
wherein in one of the two sliding members, the base portion is inserted through the first through hole of the first insertion portion of the buckle assembly, and the first side plate and the second side plate are respectively located at two opposite sides of the first insertion portion of the buckle assembly, and in the other one of the two sliding members, the base portion is inserted through the second through hole of the second insertion portion of the tongue assembly, and the first side plate and the second side plate are respectively located at two opposite sides of the second insertion portion of the tongue assembly. 16. The multi-point seat belt system as claimed in claim 13, wherein
the buckle assembly has a buckle outer shell, the buckle outer shell covers the buckle base and the locking assembly; the first connecting portion of the buckle base and the first insertion portion of the buckle base having one of the two sliding members are exposed out of the buckle outer shell; the locking assembly has a pressing member, the pressing member is exposed out of the buckle outer shell of the buckle assembly; and the tongue assembly has a tongue outer shell, the tongue outer shell covers the tongue base and the tongue portion of the tongue base; the second connecting portion of the tongue base and the second insertion portion of the tongue base having the other one of the two sliding members are exposed out of the tongue outer shell. 17. The multi-point seat belt system as claimed in claim 14, wherein
the buckle assembly has a buckle outer shell, the buckle outer shell covers the buckle base and the locking assembly; the first connecting portion of the buckle base and the first insertion portion of the buckle base having one of the two sliding members are exposed out of the buckle outer shell; the locking assembly has a pressing member, the pressing member is exposed out of the buckle outer shell of the buckle assembly; and the tongue assembly has a tongue outer shell, the tongue outer shell covers the tongue base and the tongue portion of the tongue base; the second connecting portion of the tongue base and the second insertion portion of the tongue base having the other one of the two sliding members are exposed out of the tongue outer shell. 18. The multi-point seat belt system as claimed in claim 15, wherein
the buckle assembly has a buckle outer shell, the buckle outer shell covers the buckle base and the locking assembly; the first connecting portion of the buckle base and the first insertion portion of the buckle base having one of the two sliding members are exposed out of the buckle outer shell; the locking assembly has a pressing member, the pressing member is exposed out of the buckle outer shell of the buckle assembly; and the tongue assembly has a tongue outer shell, the tongue outer shell covers the tongue base and the tongue portion of the tongue base; the second connecting portion of the tongue base and the second insertion portion of the tongue base having the other one of the two sliding members are exposed out of the tongue outer shell. 19. The multi-point seat belt system as claimed in claim 10, wherein the multi-point seat belt system has a shoulder webbing connecting device, and the shoulder webbing connecting device is detachable and is selectively disposed between the two shoulder webbings for limiting a distance between the two shoulder webbings. 20. The multi-point seat belt system as claimed in claim 11, wherein the multi-point seat belt system has a shoulder webbing connecting device, and the shoulder webbing connecting device is detachable and is selectively disposed between the two shoulder webbings for limiting a distance between the two shoulder webbings. 21. The multi-point seat belt system as claimed in claim 12, wherein the multi-point seat belt system has a shoulder webbing connecting device, and the shoulder webbing connecting device is detachable and is selectively disposed between the two shoulder webbings for limiting a distance between the two shoulder webbings. | A multi-point seat belt system is applied to a seat of a vehicle and has a webbing locking device, an emergency locking-retracting mechanism, and two automatic locking retractors. The webbing locking device has a buckle assembly and a tongue assembly detachably disposed on the buckle assembly. The emergency locking-retracting mechanism is disposed on the seat and has two shoulder webbings connected to the buckle assembly and the tongue assembly respectively. The two automatic locking retractors are disposed on two sides of the seat and have two lower webbings connected to the buckle assembly and the tongue assembly respectively. The two shoulder webbings locked by the two emergency locking retractors and the two lower webbings tightened by the two automatic locking retractors are distributed around the body of the occupant and can fasten the occupant on the seat steadily for promoting the safety protection performance.1. A multi-point seat belt system comprising:
a webbing locking device having
a buckle assembly having
a buckle base being rigid and having
a first connecting portion; and
a first insertion portion formed below the first connecting portion and having a first through hole formed through the first insertion portion; and
a locking assembly disposed on the buckle base; and
a tongue assembly having
a tongue base being rigid and having a tongue portion, a second connecting portion, and a second insertion portion, the tongue portion selectively inserted into the locking assembly of the buckle assembly for locking or unlocking, the second connecting portion and the second insertion portion formed on an end of the tongue portion, the second connecting portion located above the second insertion portion of the tongue base, the second insertion portion of the tongue base having a second through hole formed through the second insertion portion of the tongue base;
an emergency locking-retracting mechanism having at least one emergency locking retractor and two shoulder webbings, the two shoulder webbings connected to the at least one emergency locking retractor for being extracted, retracted, and locked automatically, one of the two shoulder webbings connected to the first connecting portion of the buckle assembly, the other one of the two shoulder webbings connected to the second connecting portion of the tongue assembly, wherein the emergency locking-retracting mechanism is adapted to be disposed on a seat or a vehicle body; and two automatic locking retractors, each one of the two automatic locking retractors having a lower webbing being extracted, retracted, and locked automatically, wherein the two automatic locking retractors are adapted to be disposed on two sides of the seat, the lower webbing of one of the two automatic locking retractors is inserted through the first through hole of the first insertion portion of the buckle base and is disposed on a side of a cushion of the seat, and the lower webbing of the other one of the two automatic locking retractors is inserted through the second through hole of the second insertion portion of the tongue base and is disposed on another side of the cushion of the seat. 2. The multi-point seat belt system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the amount of the at least one emergency locking retractor is one, and the two shoulder webbings are connected to each other to form a Y-shaped webbing for connecting the emergency locking retractor. 3. The multi-point seat belt system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the amount of the at least one emergency locking retractor is two, and the two shoulder webbings are respectively connected to the two emergency locking retractors. 4. The multi-point seat belt system as claimed in claim 1, wherein
the buckle assembly has a buckle outer shell, the buckle outer shell covers the buckle base and the locking assembly; the first connecting portion of the buckle base and the first insertion portion of the buckle base are exposed out of the buckle outer shell; the locking assembly has a pressing member, the pressing member is exposed out of the buckle outer shell of the buckle assembly; and the tongue assembly has a tongue outer shell, the tongue outer shell covers the tongue base and the tongue portion of the tongue base; the second connecting portion of the tongue base and the second insertion portion of the tongue base are exposed out of the tongue outer shell. 5. The multi-point seat belt system as claimed in claim 2, wherein
the buckle assembly has a buckle outer shell, the buckle outer shell covers the buckle base and the locking assembly; the first connecting portion of the buckle base and the first insertion portion of the buckle base are exposed out of the buckle outer shell; the locking assembly has a pressing member, the pressing member is exposed out of the buckle outer shell of the buckle assembly; and the tongue assembly has a tongue outer shell, the tongue outer shell covers the tongue base and the tongue portion of the tongue base; the second connecting portion of the tongue base and the second insertion portion of the tongue base are exposed out of the tongue outer shell. 6. The multi-point seat belt system as claimed in claim 3, wherein
the buckle assembly has a buckle outer shell, the buckle outer shell covers the buckle base and the locking assembly; the first connecting portion of the buckle base and the first insertion portion of the buckle base are exposed out of the buckle outer shell; the locking assembly has a pressing member, the pressing member is exposed out of the buckle outer shell of the buckle assembly; and the tongue assembly has a tongue outer shell, the tongue outer shell covers the tongue base and the tongue portion of the tongue base; the second connecting portion of the tongue base and the second insertion portion of the tongue base are exposed out of the tongue outer shell. 7. The multi-point seat belt system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the multi-point seat belt system has a shoulder webbing connecting device, and the shoulder webbing connecting device is detachable and is selectively disposed between the two shoulder webbings for limiting a distance between the two shoulder webbings. 8. The multi-point seat belt system as claimed in claim 2, wherein the multi-point seat belt system has a shoulder webbing connecting device, and the shoulder webbing connecting device is detachable and is selectively disposed between the two shoulder webbings for limiting a distance between the two shoulder webbings. 9. The multi-point seat belt system as claimed in claim 3, wherein the multi-point seat belt system has a shoulder webbing connecting device, and the shoulder webbing connecting device is detachable and is selectively disposed between the two shoulder webbings for limiting a distance between the two shoulder webbings. 10. A multi-point seat belt system comprising:
a webbing locking device having
a buckle assembly having
a buckle base being rigid and having
a first connecting portion; and
a first insertion portion formed below the first connecting portion and having a first through hole formed through the first insertion portion; and
a locking assembly disposed on the buckle base; and
a tongue assembly having
a tongue base being rigid and having a tongue portion, a second connecting portion, and a second insertion portion, the tongue portion selectively inserted into the locking assembly of the buckle assembly for locking or unlocking, the second connecting portion and the second insertion portion formed on an end of the tongue portion, the second insertion portion located above the second connecting portion of the tongue base, the second insertion portion of the tongue base having a second through hole formed through the second insertion portion of the tongue base;
two sliding members, one of the two sliding members inserted through the first through hole of the first insertion portion of the buckle assembly and being able to move relative to the first insertion portion of the buckle base, the other one of the two sliding members inserted through the second through hole of the second insertion portion of the tongue assembly and being able to move relative to the second insertion portion of the tongue base, and each one of the two sliding members having a through groove being inclined;
an emergency locking-retracting mechanism having at least one emergency locking retractor and two shoulder webbings, the two shoulder webbings connected to the at least one emergency locking retractor for being extracted, retracted, and locked automatically, one of the two shoulder webbings inserted through the first through hole of the first insertion portion of the buckle assembly and the through groove of one of the two sliding members, the other one of the two shoulder webbings inserted through the second through hole of the second insertion portion of the tongue assembly and the through groove of the other one of the two sliding members, wherein the emergency locking-retracting mechanism is adapted to be disposed on a seat or a vehicle body, and the two shoulder webbings are respectively disposed on two sides of a cushion of the seat; and two automatic locking retractors, each one of the two automatic locking retractors having a lower webbing being extracted, retracted, and locked automatically, the lower webbing of one of the two automatic locking retractors connected to the first connecting portion of the buckle assembly, the lower webbing of the other one of the two automatic locking retractors connected to the second connecting portion of the tongue assembly, wherein the two automatic locking retractors are adapted to be disposed on two sides of the seat. 11. The multi-point seat belt system as claimed in claim 10, wherein the amount of the at least one emergency locking retractor is one, and the two shoulder webbings are connected to each other to form a Y-shaped webbing for connecting the emergency locking retractor. 12. The multi-point seat belt system as claimed in claim 10, wherein the amount of the at least one emergency locking retractor is two, and the two shoulder webbings are respectively connected to the two emergency locking retractors. 13. The multi-point seat belt system as claimed in claim 10, wherein each one of the two sliding members has
a first side plate having a top end; a second side plate being opposite to the first side plate at a spaced interval and having a bottom end; a base portion formed between the first side plate and the second side plate and having
two walls both connected to the first side plate and the second side plate; and
the through groove downwardly and inclinedly extending from the top end of the first side plate to the bottom end of the second side plate; and
wherein in one of the two sliding members, the base portion is inserted through the first through hole of the first insertion portion of the buckle assembly, and the first side plate and the second side plate are respectively located at two opposite sides of the first insertion portion of the buckle assembly, and in the other one of the two sliding members, the base portion is inserted through the second through hole of the second insertion portion of the tongue assembly, and the first side plate and the second side plate are respectively located at two opposite sides of the second insertion portion of the tongue assembly. 14. The multi-point seat belt system as claimed in claim 11, wherein each one of the two sliding members has
a first side plate having a top end; a second side plate being opposite to the first side plate at a spaced interval and having a bottom end; a base portion formed between the first side plate and the second side plate and having
two walls both connected to the first side plate and the second side plate; and
the through groove downwardly and inclinedly extending from the top end of the first side plate to the bottom end of the second side plate; and
wherein in one of the two sliding members, the base portion is inserted through the first through hole of the first insertion portion of the buckle assembly, and the first side plate and the second side plate are respectively located at two opposite sides of the first insertion portion of the buckle assembly, and in the other one of the two sliding members, the base portion is inserted through the second through hole of the second insertion portion of the tongue assembly, and the first side plate and the second side plate are respectively located at two opposite sides of the second insertion portion of the tongue assembly. 15. The multi-point seat belt system as claimed in claim 12, wherein each one of the two sliding members has
a first side plate having a top end; a second side plate being opposite to the first side plate at a spaced interval and having a bottom end; a base portion formed between the first side plate and the second side plate and having
two walls both connected to the first side plate and the second side plate; and
the through groove downwardly and inclinedly extending from the top end of the first side plate to the bottom end of the second side plate; and
wherein in one of the two sliding members, the base portion is inserted through the first through hole of the first insertion portion of the buckle assembly, and the first side plate and the second side plate are respectively located at two opposite sides of the first insertion portion of the buckle assembly, and in the other one of the two sliding members, the base portion is inserted through the second through hole of the second insertion portion of the tongue assembly, and the first side plate and the second side plate are respectively located at two opposite sides of the second insertion portion of the tongue assembly. 16. The multi-point seat belt system as claimed in claim 13, wherein
the buckle assembly has a buckle outer shell, the buckle outer shell covers the buckle base and the locking assembly; the first connecting portion of the buckle base and the first insertion portion of the buckle base having one of the two sliding members are exposed out of the buckle outer shell; the locking assembly has a pressing member, the pressing member is exposed out of the buckle outer shell of the buckle assembly; and the tongue assembly has a tongue outer shell, the tongue outer shell covers the tongue base and the tongue portion of the tongue base; the second connecting portion of the tongue base and the second insertion portion of the tongue base having the other one of the two sliding members are exposed out of the tongue outer shell. 17. The multi-point seat belt system as claimed in claim 14, wherein
the buckle assembly has a buckle outer shell, the buckle outer shell covers the buckle base and the locking assembly; the first connecting portion of the buckle base and the first insertion portion of the buckle base having one of the two sliding members are exposed out of the buckle outer shell; the locking assembly has a pressing member, the pressing member is exposed out of the buckle outer shell of the buckle assembly; and the tongue assembly has a tongue outer shell, the tongue outer shell covers the tongue base and the tongue portion of the tongue base; the second connecting portion of the tongue base and the second insertion portion of the tongue base having the other one of the two sliding members are exposed out of the tongue outer shell. 18. The multi-point seat belt system as claimed in claim 15, wherein
the buckle assembly has a buckle outer shell, the buckle outer shell covers the buckle base and the locking assembly; the first connecting portion of the buckle base and the first insertion portion of the buckle base having one of the two sliding members are exposed out of the buckle outer shell; the locking assembly has a pressing member, the pressing member is exposed out of the buckle outer shell of the buckle assembly; and the tongue assembly has a tongue outer shell, the tongue outer shell covers the tongue base and the tongue portion of the tongue base; the second connecting portion of the tongue base and the second insertion portion of the tongue base having the other one of the two sliding members are exposed out of the tongue outer shell. 19. The multi-point seat belt system as claimed in claim 10, wherein the multi-point seat belt system has a shoulder webbing connecting device, and the shoulder webbing connecting device is detachable and is selectively disposed between the two shoulder webbings for limiting a distance between the two shoulder webbings. 20. The multi-point seat belt system as claimed in claim 11, wherein the multi-point seat belt system has a shoulder webbing connecting device, and the shoulder webbing connecting device is detachable and is selectively disposed between the two shoulder webbings for limiting a distance between the two shoulder webbings. 21. The multi-point seat belt system as claimed in claim 12, wherein the multi-point seat belt system has a shoulder webbing connecting device, and the shoulder webbing connecting device is detachable and is selectively disposed between the two shoulder webbings for limiting a distance between the two shoulder webbings. | 2,800 |
340,016 | 16,800,966 | 2,836 | A method of electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide includes the use of multi-faceted Cu2O crystals as a catalyst to convert CO2 to value-added products. An electrochemical cell for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide includes a cathode including the multi-faceted Cu2O crystals. The multi-faceted Cu2O crystals have at least two different types of facets with different Miller indices. The multi-faceted Cu2O crystals include steps and kinks present at the transitions between the different types of facets. These steps and kinks improve the Faradaic Efficiency of the conversion of carbon dioxide. The multi-faceted Cu2O crystals may be nanosized. The multi-faceted Cu2O crystals may include 18-facet, 20-facet, and/or 50-facet Cu2O crystals. | 1. A method of electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide or CO3 −2 including:
providing an electrochemical cell including an anode, and a cathode including crystals of multi-faceted copper (I) oxide having facets with at least two different Miller indices and with steps and kinks between facets of different Miller indices; introducing an aqueous medium containing carbon dioxide or CO3 −2 into the cell; and reducing the carbon dioxide or CO3 −2 by contacting the crystals with the aqueous medium while supplying electricity to the cell. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the carbon dioxide or CO3 2 is reduced to an organic feedstock including formic acid, methanol, ethylene, methane, carbon monoxide, ethylene glycol, acetic acid, ethanol, ethane, carbon monoxide, acetic acid, acetone, or combinations thereof. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the crystals of multi-faceted copper (I) oxide include 18-facet crystals including (110) facets and (100) facets. 4. The method according to claim 3, further including preparing the 18-facet crystals by:
forming a solution including a copper ion contributor dissolved in a solvent; adding a pH adjuster to the solution, wherein the solution has a pH of from 2-12; heating the solution to a first predetermine temperature of from 55-65° C. and agitated the solution until a precipitate forms in the solution; adding a reducing agent to the solution to thereby form a reaction mixture; and reacting the reaction mixture at a second predetermined temperature that is greater than the first predetermined temperature and ranges from 60° C. to 70° C., to thereby precipitate the 18-facet crystals from the reaction mixture. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the crystals of multi-faceted copper (I) oxide include 20-facet crystals including (111) facets and (110) facets. 6. The method according to claim 5, further including preparing the 20-facet crystals by:
forming a solution including a copper ion contributor and a capping agent dissolved in a solvent; heating the solution to a predetermined temperature of from 95° C. to 105° C.; adding a pH adjuster to the solution; adding a reducing agent to the solution to thereby form a reaction mixture; and reacting the reaction mixture at the predetermined temperature to thereby precipitate the 20-facet crystals. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the crystals have an average size of 10-500 nm. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the crystals of multi-faceted copper (I) oxide include 50-facet crystals including (100) facets, (111) facets, (110) facets and (311) facets. 9. An electrochemical cell for electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide or CO3 2 including:
an anode; a cathode including crystals of multi-faceted copper (I) oxide having facets with at least two different Miller indices and with steps and kinks between facets of different Miller indices; an electrolyte arranged between the anode and the cathode; and an aqueous medium containing carbon dioxide or CO3 −2 in contact with the cathode. 10. The cell according to claim 9, wherein the crystals include 18-facet crystals including (110) facets and (100) facets. 11. The cell according to claim 10, wherein a ratio of the (110) facets to the (100) facets is from 2.1:1 to 1.9:1. 12. The cell according to claim 11, wherein the crystals include facets other than the (110) facets and the (100) facets at an amount less than 5% by surface area of the crystals. 13. The cell according to claim 10, wherein:
a ratio of copper to oxygen in the crystals is from 2.35:1 to 2:1; and an average size of the 18-facet crystals is 10 nm to 5 μm. 14. The cell according to claim 9, wherein:
the crystals include 20-facet crystals including (110) facets and (111) facets; and a ratio of the (110) facets to the (111) facets is from 3.1:2 to 2.9:2. 15. The cell according to claim 14, wherein the crystals include facets other than the (110) facets and the (111) facets at an amount less than 5% by surface area of the crystals. 16. The cell according to claim 14, wherein:
a ratio of copper to oxygen in the crystals is from 2.6:1 to 2.3:1; and an average size of the 20-facet crystals is 10 nm to 5 μm. 17. The cell according to claim 9, wherein the crystals include 50-facet crystals including (100) facets, (110) facets, (111) facets, and (311) facets. 18. The cell according to claim 17, wherein the 50-facet crystals include six (100) facets, twelve (110) facets, eight (111) facets, and twenty four (311) facets. 19. The cell according to claim 18, wherein the crystals include facets other than the 100) facets, (110) facets, (111) facets, and (311) facets at an amount less than 5% by surface area of the crystals. 20. The cell according to claim 18, wherein:
a ratio of copper to oxygen in the crystals is from 2.8:1 to 2:1; and an average size of the 50-facet crystals is 10 nm to 5 μm. | A method of electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide includes the use of multi-faceted Cu2O crystals as a catalyst to convert CO2 to value-added products. An electrochemical cell for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide includes a cathode including the multi-faceted Cu2O crystals. The multi-faceted Cu2O crystals have at least two different types of facets with different Miller indices. The multi-faceted Cu2O crystals include steps and kinks present at the transitions between the different types of facets. These steps and kinks improve the Faradaic Efficiency of the conversion of carbon dioxide. The multi-faceted Cu2O crystals may be nanosized. The multi-faceted Cu2O crystals may include 18-facet, 20-facet, and/or 50-facet Cu2O crystals.1. A method of electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide or CO3 −2 including:
providing an electrochemical cell including an anode, and a cathode including crystals of multi-faceted copper (I) oxide having facets with at least two different Miller indices and with steps and kinks between facets of different Miller indices; introducing an aqueous medium containing carbon dioxide or CO3 −2 into the cell; and reducing the carbon dioxide or CO3 −2 by contacting the crystals with the aqueous medium while supplying electricity to the cell. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the carbon dioxide or CO3 2 is reduced to an organic feedstock including formic acid, methanol, ethylene, methane, carbon monoxide, ethylene glycol, acetic acid, ethanol, ethane, carbon monoxide, acetic acid, acetone, or combinations thereof. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the crystals of multi-faceted copper (I) oxide include 18-facet crystals including (110) facets and (100) facets. 4. The method according to claim 3, further including preparing the 18-facet crystals by:
forming a solution including a copper ion contributor dissolved in a solvent; adding a pH adjuster to the solution, wherein the solution has a pH of from 2-12; heating the solution to a first predetermine temperature of from 55-65° C. and agitated the solution until a precipitate forms in the solution; adding a reducing agent to the solution to thereby form a reaction mixture; and reacting the reaction mixture at a second predetermined temperature that is greater than the first predetermined temperature and ranges from 60° C. to 70° C., to thereby precipitate the 18-facet crystals from the reaction mixture. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the crystals of multi-faceted copper (I) oxide include 20-facet crystals including (111) facets and (110) facets. 6. The method according to claim 5, further including preparing the 20-facet crystals by:
forming a solution including a copper ion contributor and a capping agent dissolved in a solvent; heating the solution to a predetermined temperature of from 95° C. to 105° C.; adding a pH adjuster to the solution; adding a reducing agent to the solution to thereby form a reaction mixture; and reacting the reaction mixture at the predetermined temperature to thereby precipitate the 20-facet crystals. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the crystals have an average size of 10-500 nm. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the crystals of multi-faceted copper (I) oxide include 50-facet crystals including (100) facets, (111) facets, (110) facets and (311) facets. 9. An electrochemical cell for electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide or CO3 2 including:
an anode; a cathode including crystals of multi-faceted copper (I) oxide having facets with at least two different Miller indices and with steps and kinks between facets of different Miller indices; an electrolyte arranged between the anode and the cathode; and an aqueous medium containing carbon dioxide or CO3 −2 in contact with the cathode. 10. The cell according to claim 9, wherein the crystals include 18-facet crystals including (110) facets and (100) facets. 11. The cell according to claim 10, wherein a ratio of the (110) facets to the (100) facets is from 2.1:1 to 1.9:1. 12. The cell according to claim 11, wherein the crystals include facets other than the (110) facets and the (100) facets at an amount less than 5% by surface area of the crystals. 13. The cell according to claim 10, wherein:
a ratio of copper to oxygen in the crystals is from 2.35:1 to 2:1; and an average size of the 18-facet crystals is 10 nm to 5 μm. 14. The cell according to claim 9, wherein:
the crystals include 20-facet crystals including (110) facets and (111) facets; and a ratio of the (110) facets to the (111) facets is from 3.1:2 to 2.9:2. 15. The cell according to claim 14, wherein the crystals include facets other than the (110) facets and the (111) facets at an amount less than 5% by surface area of the crystals. 16. The cell according to claim 14, wherein:
a ratio of copper to oxygen in the crystals is from 2.6:1 to 2.3:1; and an average size of the 20-facet crystals is 10 nm to 5 μm. 17. The cell according to claim 9, wherein the crystals include 50-facet crystals including (100) facets, (110) facets, (111) facets, and (311) facets. 18. The cell according to claim 17, wherein the 50-facet crystals include six (100) facets, twelve (110) facets, eight (111) facets, and twenty four (311) facets. 19. The cell according to claim 18, wherein the crystals include facets other than the 100) facets, (110) facets, (111) facets, and (311) facets at an amount less than 5% by surface area of the crystals. 20. The cell according to claim 18, wherein:
a ratio of copper to oxygen in the crystals is from 2.8:1 to 2:1; and an average size of the 50-facet crystals is 10 nm to 5 μm. | 2,800 |
340,017 | 16,800,997 | 2,836 | According to an embodiment, a laminated catalyst includes a first catalyst layer mainly including a noble metal mainly containing Pt, a second catalyst layer mainly including a mixture of an oxide of a noble metal mainly containing Ir and Ru and a noble metal mainly containing Pt, and a third catalyst layer mainly including an oxide of a noble metal mainly containing Ir and Ru The first catalyst layer, the second catalyst layer, and the third catalyst layer are laminated in order. | 1. A laminated catalyst comprising: a first catalyst layer mainly including a noble metal mainly containing Pt;
a second catalyst layer mainly including a mixture of an oxide of a noble metal mainly containing Ir and Ru and a noble metal mainly containing Pt; and a third catalyst layer mainly including an oxide of a noble metal mainly containing Ir and Ru, wherein the first catalyst layer, the second catalyst layer, and the third catalyst layer are laminated in order. 2. The catalyst according to claim 1, wherein,
in the first catalyst layer, a total amount of Pt metal and an alloy containing Pt is equal to or more than 90% by mass, a concentration of Pt with respect to a sum of concentrations of Pt, Ir, and Ru contained in the first catalyst layer is equal to or more than 90 atom %, in the second catalyst layer, a total amount of Pt metal, an alloy containing Pt, Ir oxide, Ru oxide, a composite oxide of Ir and Ru is equal to or more than 90% by mass, a concentration of Pt with respect to a sum of concentrations of Pt, Ir, and Ru contained in the second catalyst layer is less than 90 atom %, a sum of concentrations of Ir and Ru with respect to a sum of concentrations of Pt, Ir, and Ru contained in the second catalyst layer is less than 90 atom %, in the third catalyst layer, a total amount of Ir oxide, Ru oxide, a composite oxide of Ir and Ru is equal to or more than 90% by mass, and a sum of concentrations of Ir and Ru with respect to a sum of concentrations of Pt, Ir, and Ru contained in the third catalyst layer, Ir, and Ru is equal to or more than 90 atom %. 3. The catalyst according to claim 1, wherein
the first catalyst layer has a thickness of equal to or more than 100 nm, the second catalyst layer has a thickness of equal to or more than 4 nm, and the third catalyst layer has a thickness of equal to or more than 100 nm. 4. The catalyst according to claim 1, wherein
the first catalyst layer has a porous structure in which a sheet-like carrierless noble metal catalyst layer mainly containing Pt and a void layer are laminated, and/or a porous structure in which carrierless particles of a noble metal mainly containing Pt are aggregated, the second catalyst layer has a porous structure in which a sheet-like carrierless noble metal catalyst layer mainly containing Pt and a void layer are laminated, and/or a porous structure in which carrierless particles of a noble metal mainly containing Pt are aggregated, and a porous structure in which a carrierless noble metal catalyst layer that is a sheet-like oxide mainly containing Ir and Ru and a void layer are laminated, and/or a porous structure in which carrierless particles of noble metal oxides mainly containing Ir and Ru are aggregated, and the third catalyst layer has a porous structure in which a carrierless noble metal catalyst layer that is a sheet-like oxide mainly containing Ir and Ru and a void layer are laminated, and/or a porous structure in which carrierless particles that is a noble metal oxide mainly containing Ir and Ru are aggregated. 5. The catalyst according to claim 1, wherein
in the first catalyst layer, a total amount of Pt metal and an alloy containing Pt is equal to or more than 90% by mass, the first catalyst layer includes at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Co, Ni, Fe, Mn, Ta, W, Hf, Si, Mo, Ti, Zr, Nb, V, Cr, Al, and Sn, in the second catalyst layer, a total amount of a Pt metal, an alloy containing Pt, an Ir oxide, an Ru oxide, and a composite oxide of Ir and Ru is equal to or more than 90% by mass, the second catalyst layer includes at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Co, Ni, Fe, Mn, Ta, W, Hf, Si, Mo, Ti, Zr, Nb, V, Cr, Al, and Sn, the second catalyst layer further includes at least one metal oxide selected from the group consisting of Rh, Au, Ta, W, Si, Ti, Zr, Sn, Pt, Pd, Hf, V, Mo, Cr, Co, Ni, Nb, Fe, Mn, Al, and Zn, in the third catalyst layer, a total amount of an Ir oxide, an Ru oxide, a composite oxide of Ir and Ru is equal to or more than 90% by mass, and the third catalyst layer further includes at least one metal oxide selected from the group consisting of Rh, Au, Ta, W, Si, Ti, Zr, Sn, Pt, Pd, Hf, V, Mo, Cr, Co, Ni, Nb, Fe, Mn, Al, and Zn. 6. The catalyst according to claim 1, wherein
in the first catalyst layer, a total amount of Pt metal and an alloy containing Pt is equal to or more than 90% by mass, the alloy containing Pt in the first catalyst layer is Pt and at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Co, Ni, Fe, Mn, Ta, W, Hf, Si, Mo, Ti, Zr, Nb, V, Cr, Al, and Sn, in the second catalyst layer, a total amount of a Pt metal, an alloy containing Pt, an Ir oxide, an Ru oxide, and a composite oxide of Ir and Ru is equal to or more than 90% by mass, the alloy containing Pt in the second catalyst layer is Pt and at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Co, Ni, Fe, Mn, Ta, W, Hf, Si, Mo, Ti, Zr, Nb, V, Cr, Al, and Sn, the second catalyst layer further includes a composite oxide of Ir or/and Ru and at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Rh, Au, Ta, W, Si, Ti, Zr, Sn, Pt, Pd, Hf, V, Mo, Cr, Co, Ni, Nb, Fe, Mn, Al, and Zn, in the third catalyst layer, a total amount of an Ir oxide, an Ru oxide, a composite oxide of Ir and Ru is equal to or more than 90% by mass, and the third catalyst layer further includes a composite oxide of Ir or/and Ru and at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Rh, Au, Ta, W, Si, Ti, Zr, Sn, Pt, Pd, Hf, V, Mo, Cr, Co, Ni, Nb, Fe, Mn, Al, and Zn. 7. The catalyst according to claim 1, wherein
the first catalyst layer has a thickness of equal to or more than 200 nm and equal to or less than 2000 nm, the second catalyst layer has a thickness of equal to or more than 4 nm and equal to or less than 200 nm, and the third catalyst layer has a thickness of equal to or more than 200 nm and equal to or less than 2000 nm. 8. The catalyst according to claim 1, wherein
a surface of the first catalyst layer facing the second catalyst layer is in direct contact with a surface of the second catalyst layer facing the first catalyst layer, and a surface of the second catalyst layer facing the third catalyst layer is in direct contact with a surface of the third catalyst layer facing the second catalyst layer. 9. The catalyst according to claim 1, wherein
when the thickness of the first catalyst layer is TA, the thickness of the second catalyst layer is TB, and the thickness of the third catalyst layer is TC, TA, TB, and TC satisfy a relationship of 1/300≤(TB/(TA+TC))≤1/5. 10. The catalyst according to claim 1, wherein
when the thickness of the first catalyst layer is TA, and the thickness of the third catalyst layer is TC, TA and TC satisfy a relationship of 1/5 (TA/TC)≤5. 11. An electrode using the laminated catalyst according to claim 1, and a substrate. 12. The electrode according to claim 11, wherein a first catalyst layer or a third catalyst layer is located on the substrate side. 13. The electrode according to claim 11, wherein the first catalyst layer or the third catalyst layer is in direct contact with the substrate. 14. A membrane electrode assembly using the electrode according to claim 11. 15. An electrochemical cell using the membrane electrode assembly according to claim 14. 16. A stack using the membrane electrode assembly according to claim 14. 17. A fuel cell and water electrolysis reversible device using the membrane electrode assembly according to claim 14. 18. A vehicle using the fuel cell and water electrolysis reversible device according to claim 17. 19. A flying object using the fuel cell and water electrolysis reversible device according to claim 17. | According to an embodiment, a laminated catalyst includes a first catalyst layer mainly including a noble metal mainly containing Pt, a second catalyst layer mainly including a mixture of an oxide of a noble metal mainly containing Ir and Ru and a noble metal mainly containing Pt, and a third catalyst layer mainly including an oxide of a noble metal mainly containing Ir and Ru The first catalyst layer, the second catalyst layer, and the third catalyst layer are laminated in order.1. A laminated catalyst comprising: a first catalyst layer mainly including a noble metal mainly containing Pt;
a second catalyst layer mainly including a mixture of an oxide of a noble metal mainly containing Ir and Ru and a noble metal mainly containing Pt; and a third catalyst layer mainly including an oxide of a noble metal mainly containing Ir and Ru, wherein the first catalyst layer, the second catalyst layer, and the third catalyst layer are laminated in order. 2. The catalyst according to claim 1, wherein,
in the first catalyst layer, a total amount of Pt metal and an alloy containing Pt is equal to or more than 90% by mass, a concentration of Pt with respect to a sum of concentrations of Pt, Ir, and Ru contained in the first catalyst layer is equal to or more than 90 atom %, in the second catalyst layer, a total amount of Pt metal, an alloy containing Pt, Ir oxide, Ru oxide, a composite oxide of Ir and Ru is equal to or more than 90% by mass, a concentration of Pt with respect to a sum of concentrations of Pt, Ir, and Ru contained in the second catalyst layer is less than 90 atom %, a sum of concentrations of Ir and Ru with respect to a sum of concentrations of Pt, Ir, and Ru contained in the second catalyst layer is less than 90 atom %, in the third catalyst layer, a total amount of Ir oxide, Ru oxide, a composite oxide of Ir and Ru is equal to or more than 90% by mass, and a sum of concentrations of Ir and Ru with respect to a sum of concentrations of Pt, Ir, and Ru contained in the third catalyst layer, Ir, and Ru is equal to or more than 90 atom %. 3. The catalyst according to claim 1, wherein
the first catalyst layer has a thickness of equal to or more than 100 nm, the second catalyst layer has a thickness of equal to or more than 4 nm, and the third catalyst layer has a thickness of equal to or more than 100 nm. 4. The catalyst according to claim 1, wherein
the first catalyst layer has a porous structure in which a sheet-like carrierless noble metal catalyst layer mainly containing Pt and a void layer are laminated, and/or a porous structure in which carrierless particles of a noble metal mainly containing Pt are aggregated, the second catalyst layer has a porous structure in which a sheet-like carrierless noble metal catalyst layer mainly containing Pt and a void layer are laminated, and/or a porous structure in which carrierless particles of a noble metal mainly containing Pt are aggregated, and a porous structure in which a carrierless noble metal catalyst layer that is a sheet-like oxide mainly containing Ir and Ru and a void layer are laminated, and/or a porous structure in which carrierless particles of noble metal oxides mainly containing Ir and Ru are aggregated, and the third catalyst layer has a porous structure in which a carrierless noble metal catalyst layer that is a sheet-like oxide mainly containing Ir and Ru and a void layer are laminated, and/or a porous structure in which carrierless particles that is a noble metal oxide mainly containing Ir and Ru are aggregated. 5. The catalyst according to claim 1, wherein
in the first catalyst layer, a total amount of Pt metal and an alloy containing Pt is equal to or more than 90% by mass, the first catalyst layer includes at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Co, Ni, Fe, Mn, Ta, W, Hf, Si, Mo, Ti, Zr, Nb, V, Cr, Al, and Sn, in the second catalyst layer, a total amount of a Pt metal, an alloy containing Pt, an Ir oxide, an Ru oxide, and a composite oxide of Ir and Ru is equal to or more than 90% by mass, the second catalyst layer includes at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Co, Ni, Fe, Mn, Ta, W, Hf, Si, Mo, Ti, Zr, Nb, V, Cr, Al, and Sn, the second catalyst layer further includes at least one metal oxide selected from the group consisting of Rh, Au, Ta, W, Si, Ti, Zr, Sn, Pt, Pd, Hf, V, Mo, Cr, Co, Ni, Nb, Fe, Mn, Al, and Zn, in the third catalyst layer, a total amount of an Ir oxide, an Ru oxide, a composite oxide of Ir and Ru is equal to or more than 90% by mass, and the third catalyst layer further includes at least one metal oxide selected from the group consisting of Rh, Au, Ta, W, Si, Ti, Zr, Sn, Pt, Pd, Hf, V, Mo, Cr, Co, Ni, Nb, Fe, Mn, Al, and Zn. 6. The catalyst according to claim 1, wherein
in the first catalyst layer, a total amount of Pt metal and an alloy containing Pt is equal to or more than 90% by mass, the alloy containing Pt in the first catalyst layer is Pt and at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Co, Ni, Fe, Mn, Ta, W, Hf, Si, Mo, Ti, Zr, Nb, V, Cr, Al, and Sn, in the second catalyst layer, a total amount of a Pt metal, an alloy containing Pt, an Ir oxide, an Ru oxide, and a composite oxide of Ir and Ru is equal to or more than 90% by mass, the alloy containing Pt in the second catalyst layer is Pt and at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Co, Ni, Fe, Mn, Ta, W, Hf, Si, Mo, Ti, Zr, Nb, V, Cr, Al, and Sn, the second catalyst layer further includes a composite oxide of Ir or/and Ru and at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Rh, Au, Ta, W, Si, Ti, Zr, Sn, Pt, Pd, Hf, V, Mo, Cr, Co, Ni, Nb, Fe, Mn, Al, and Zn, in the third catalyst layer, a total amount of an Ir oxide, an Ru oxide, a composite oxide of Ir and Ru is equal to or more than 90% by mass, and the third catalyst layer further includes a composite oxide of Ir or/and Ru and at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Rh, Au, Ta, W, Si, Ti, Zr, Sn, Pt, Pd, Hf, V, Mo, Cr, Co, Ni, Nb, Fe, Mn, Al, and Zn. 7. The catalyst according to claim 1, wherein
the first catalyst layer has a thickness of equal to or more than 200 nm and equal to or less than 2000 nm, the second catalyst layer has a thickness of equal to or more than 4 nm and equal to or less than 200 nm, and the third catalyst layer has a thickness of equal to or more than 200 nm and equal to or less than 2000 nm. 8. The catalyst according to claim 1, wherein
a surface of the first catalyst layer facing the second catalyst layer is in direct contact with a surface of the second catalyst layer facing the first catalyst layer, and a surface of the second catalyst layer facing the third catalyst layer is in direct contact with a surface of the third catalyst layer facing the second catalyst layer. 9. The catalyst according to claim 1, wherein
when the thickness of the first catalyst layer is TA, the thickness of the second catalyst layer is TB, and the thickness of the third catalyst layer is TC, TA, TB, and TC satisfy a relationship of 1/300≤(TB/(TA+TC))≤1/5. 10. The catalyst according to claim 1, wherein
when the thickness of the first catalyst layer is TA, and the thickness of the third catalyst layer is TC, TA and TC satisfy a relationship of 1/5 (TA/TC)≤5. 11. An electrode using the laminated catalyst according to claim 1, and a substrate. 12. The electrode according to claim 11, wherein a first catalyst layer or a third catalyst layer is located on the substrate side. 13. The electrode according to claim 11, wherein the first catalyst layer or the third catalyst layer is in direct contact with the substrate. 14. A membrane electrode assembly using the electrode according to claim 11. 15. An electrochemical cell using the membrane electrode assembly according to claim 14. 16. A stack using the membrane electrode assembly according to claim 14. 17. A fuel cell and water electrolysis reversible device using the membrane electrode assembly according to claim 14. 18. A vehicle using the fuel cell and water electrolysis reversible device according to claim 17. 19. A flying object using the fuel cell and water electrolysis reversible device according to claim 17. | 2,800 |
340,018 | 16,800,990 | 2,836 | A method and apparatus for relaxation of mobility condition based on serving cell quality is provided. A wireless device, which has been configured with conditional mobility, performs a conditional mobility to a target cell by using a mobility condition related to the target cell upon detecting a radio link problem on a serving cell. | 1. A method for a wireless device in a wireless communication system, the method comprising:
receiving information for a conditional mobility condition related to a target cell; detecting a radio link problem on a serving cell; and performing a conditional mobility to the target cell by using a mobility condition related to the target cell upon detecting the radio link problem on the serving cell. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the mobility condition corresponds to a satisfaction of a cell selection criterion. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the satisfaction of the cell selection criterion corresponds to that a measurement result of the target cell is above a default threshold. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the conditional mobility condition is configured by comparison between the measurement result of the target cell and a measurement result of the serving cell. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the conditional mobility condition is that the measurement result of the target cell is better than the measurement result of the serving cell by an offset. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the serving cell is a primary cell (PCell). 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the conditional mobility to the target cell is performed upon that the measurement result of the target cell is above the threshold, regardless of a quality of the serving cell. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the conditional mobility includes a conditional serving cell change, a conditional serving cell addition and/or a conditional serving cell release. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the information for the conditional mobility condition related to the target cell is received via a conditional mobility configuration. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the conditional mobility configuration includes a list of candidate target cells including the target cell. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the list of candidate target cells includes an identifier (ID) of the candidate target cells. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the conditional mobility condition includes an ID of the serving cell and/or type of the conditional mobility. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the radio link problem is detected upon 1) expiry of a timer, which starts to running upon receiving N-consecutive out-of-sync indications for the serving cell from lower layers, 2) receiving a random access problem indication from a media access control (MAC) entity of a master cell group (MCG), or receiving an indication from a radio link control (RLC) entity of the MCG that a maximum number of retransmissions has been reached. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the wireless device is in communication with at least one of a mobile device, a network, and/or autonomous vehicles other than the wireless device. 15. A wireless device in a wireless communication system, the wireless device comprising:
at least one transceiver; at least processor; and at least one computer memory operably connectable to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, based on being executed by the at least one processor, perform operations comprising: receiving information for a conditional mobility condition related to a target cell; detecting a radio link problem on a serving cell; and performing a conditional mobility to the target cell by using a mobility condition related to the target cell upon detecting the radio link problem on the serving cell. | A method and apparatus for relaxation of mobility condition based on serving cell quality is provided. A wireless device, which has been configured with conditional mobility, performs a conditional mobility to a target cell by using a mobility condition related to the target cell upon detecting a radio link problem on a serving cell.1. A method for a wireless device in a wireless communication system, the method comprising:
receiving information for a conditional mobility condition related to a target cell; detecting a radio link problem on a serving cell; and performing a conditional mobility to the target cell by using a mobility condition related to the target cell upon detecting the radio link problem on the serving cell. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the mobility condition corresponds to a satisfaction of a cell selection criterion. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the satisfaction of the cell selection criterion corresponds to that a measurement result of the target cell is above a default threshold. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the conditional mobility condition is configured by comparison between the measurement result of the target cell and a measurement result of the serving cell. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the conditional mobility condition is that the measurement result of the target cell is better than the measurement result of the serving cell by an offset. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the serving cell is a primary cell (PCell). 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the conditional mobility to the target cell is performed upon that the measurement result of the target cell is above the threshold, regardless of a quality of the serving cell. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the conditional mobility includes a conditional serving cell change, a conditional serving cell addition and/or a conditional serving cell release. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the information for the conditional mobility condition related to the target cell is received via a conditional mobility configuration. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the conditional mobility configuration includes a list of candidate target cells including the target cell. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the list of candidate target cells includes an identifier (ID) of the candidate target cells. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the conditional mobility condition includes an ID of the serving cell and/or type of the conditional mobility. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the radio link problem is detected upon 1) expiry of a timer, which starts to running upon receiving N-consecutive out-of-sync indications for the serving cell from lower layers, 2) receiving a random access problem indication from a media access control (MAC) entity of a master cell group (MCG), or receiving an indication from a radio link control (RLC) entity of the MCG that a maximum number of retransmissions has been reached. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the wireless device is in communication with at least one of a mobile device, a network, and/or autonomous vehicles other than the wireless device. 15. A wireless device in a wireless communication system, the wireless device comprising:
at least one transceiver; at least processor; and at least one computer memory operably connectable to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, based on being executed by the at least one processor, perform operations comprising: receiving information for a conditional mobility condition related to a target cell; detecting a radio link problem on a serving cell; and performing a conditional mobility to the target cell by using a mobility condition related to the target cell upon detecting the radio link problem on the serving cell. | 2,800 |
340,019 | 16,800,985 | 2,836 | A spa filtration and massage system for a hot tub is an apparatus that is a universal tool that connects with a jet of a hot tub. The apparatus includes a transformer and a dispensing wand. The transformer connects the dispensing wand with a jet. The transformer serves as an adapter for the dispensing wand. The dispenser wand is preferably connected with the transformer with a flexible hose and an adapter to lengthen the connection between transformer and the dispensing wand. In a first embodiment, the dispensing wand serves to filter the water of the hot tub as the dispensing wand includes a filtration receptacle, a cap, and a plurality of holes. A plurality of filters is positioned within the filtration receptacle. In a second embodiment, the dispensing wand dispenses the pressurized water as a spray. In a third embodiment, the dispensing wand serves as a massager. | 1. A spa filtration and massage system for a hot tub comprises:
a transformer; a dispensing wand; the transformer comprises an elongated tube, an inlet plug, a tightening bolt, and a hose coupler; the inlet plug being terminally positioned to the elongated tube; the tightening bolt being externally mounted with the inlet plug; the hose coupler being terminally positioned to the elongated tube, opposite the inlet plug; the dispensing wand being hermetically connected with the hose coupler; the inlet plug being in fluid communication with the elongated tube; the elongated tube being in fluid communication with the hose coupler; and, the hose coupler being in fluid communication with the dispensing wand. 2. The spa filtration and massage system for a hot tub as claimed in claim 1 comprises:
a flexible hose;
an adapter;
the flexible hose being terminally positioned to the hose coupler;
the adapter and the dispensing wand being terminally positioned to the flexible hose, opposite the hose coupler;
the hose coupler being in fluid communication with the flexible hose; and, the flexible hose being in fluid communication with the dispensing wand through the adapter. 3. The spa filtration and massage system for a hot tub as claimed in claim 2 comprises:
a plurality of floating nodes;
the flexible hose being traversing through each of the plurality of floating nodes; and,
the plurality of floating nodes being attached along with the flexible hose. 4. The spa filtration and massage system for a hot tub as claimed in claim 1 comprises:
a plurality of filters;
the dispensing wand comprises a filtration receptacle, a cap, and a plurality of holes;
the filtration receptacle comprises a first end, a second end, an inlet, and an outlet;
the first end being positioned opposite the second end about the filtration receptacle;
the filtration receptacle tapering from the second end to the first end;
the inlet being integrated into the first end;
the outlet being integrated into the second end;
the first end being connected with the hose coupler;
the cap traversing across the outlet;
the cap being removably coupled with the second end;
the plurality of holes traversing through the cap;
the plurality of holes being distributed across the cap; and,
the plurality of filters being positioned within the filtration receptacle. 5. The spa filtration and massage system for a hot tub as claimed in claim 4 comprises:
the plurality of filters comprises a plurality of first filter balls, a plurality of second filter balls, a plurality of third filter balls, at least one first filter sheet, and at least one second filter sheet;
the plurality of first filter balls being positioned adjacent with the first end;
the at least one first filter sheet being positioned adjacent with the plurality of first filter balls, opposite the first end;
the plurality of second filter balls being positioned adjacent with the at least one first filter sheet, opposite the plurality of first filter balls;
the at least one second sheet being positioned adjacent with the plurality of second filter balls, opposite the at least one first filter sheet; and,
the plurality of third filter balls being positioned adjacent with the at least one second filter sheet, opposite the plurality of second filter balls. 6. The spa filtration and massage system for a hot tub as claimed in claim 5 comprises:
the at least one first filter sheet being a 50-micron polished pad. 7. The spa filtration and massage system for a hot tub as claimed in claim 5 comprises:
the at least one second filter sheet being a 100-micron polished pad. 8. The spa filtration and massage system for a hot tub as claimed in claim 5 comprises:
each of the plurality of first filter balls being a 30-to-60-micron filter. 9. The spa filtration and massage system for a hot tub as claimed in claim 5 comprises:
each of the plurality of second filter balls being a 60-to-90-micron filter. 10. The spa filtration and massage system for a hot tub as claimed in claim 5 comprises:
each of the plurality of third filter balls being a 90-to-120-micron filter. 11. The spa filtration and massage system for a hot tub as claimed in claim 4 comprises:
a mesh pouch;
the mesh pouch being positioned within the filtration receptacle; and,
the plurality of filters being positioned within the mesh pouch. 12. The spa filtration and massage system for a hot tub as claimed in claim 4 comprises:
at least one decorative ornament; and,
the at least one decorative ornament being externally mounted to the filtration receptacle. 13. The spa filtration and massage system for a hot tub as claimed in claim 1 comprises:
the dispensing wand comprises a spray nozzle, a valve, an actuator;
the spray nozzle being hermetically connected with the hose coupler;
the actuator being mounted onto the spray nozzle;
the valve being integrated into the spray nozzle;
the transformer being in fluid communication with the spray nozzle; and,
the actuator being operatively coupled to the valve, wherein the actuator is used to open or close the valve for the spray nozzle. 14. The spa filtration and massage system for a hot tub as claimed in claim 1 comprises:
the dispensing wand comprises a spout;
the spout being hermetically connected with the hose coupler; and,
the transformer being in fluid communication with the spout. 15. A spa filtration and massage system for a hot tub comprises:
a transformer; a dispensing wand; a flexible hose; an adapter; the transformer comprises an elongated tube, an inlet plug, a tightening bolt, and a hose coupler; the inlet plug being terminally positioned to the elongated tube; the tightening bolt being externally mounted with the inlet plug; the hose coupler being terminally positioned to the elongated tube, opposite the inlet plug; the dispensing wand being hermetically connected with the hose coupler; the inlet plug being in fluid communication with the elongated tube; the elongated tube being in fluid communication with the hose coupler; the hose coupler being in fluid communication with the dispensing wand; the flexible hose being terminally positioned to the hose coupler; the adapter and the dispensing wand being terminally positioned to the flexible hose, opposite the hose coupler; the hose coupler being in fluid communication with the flexible hose; and, the flexible hose being in fluid communication with the dispensing wand through the adapter. 16. The spa filtration and massage system for a hot tub as claimed in claim 15 comprises:
a plurality of floating nodes;
the flexible hose being traversing through each of the plurality of floating nodes; and,
the plurality of floating nodes being attached along with the flexible hose. 17. The spa filtration and massage system for a hot tub as claimed in claim 15 comprises:
a plurality of filters;
a mesh pouch;
at least one decorative ornament;
the dispensing wand comprises a filtration receptacle, a cap, and a plurality of holes;
the filtration receptacle comprises a first end, a second end, an inlet, and an outlet;
the first end being positioned opposite the second end about the filtration receptacle;
the filtration receptacle tapering from the second end to the first end;
the inlet being integrated into the first end;
the outlet being integrated into the second end;
the first end being connected with the hose coupler;
the cap traversing across the outlet;
the cap being removably coupled with the second end;
the plurality of holes traversing through the cap;
the plurality of holes being distributed across the cap;
the plurality of filters being positioned within the filtration receptacle;
the mesh pouch being positioned within the filtration receptacle;
the plurality of filters being positioned within the mesh pouch; and,
the at least one decorative ornament being externally mounted to the filtration receptacle. 18. The spa filtration and massage system for a hot tub as claimed in claim 17 comprises:
the plurality of filters comprises a plurality of first filter balls, a plurality of second filter balls, a plurality of third filter balls, at least one first filter sheet, and at least one second filter sheet;
the at least one first filter sheet being a 50-micron polished pad;
the at least one second filter sheet being a 100-micron polished pad;
each of the plurality of first filter balls being a 30-to-60-micron filter;
each of the plurality of second filter balls being a 60-to-90-micron filter;
each of the plurality of third filter balls being a 90-to-120-micron filter;
the plurality of first filter balls being positioned adjacent with the first end;
the at least one first filter sheet being positioned adjacent with the plurality of first filter balls, opposite the first end;
the plurality of second filter balls being positioned adjacent with the at least one first filter sheet, opposite the plurality of first filter balls;
the at least one second sheet being positioned adjacent with the plurality of second filter balls, opposite the at least one first filter sheet; and,
the plurality of third filter balls being positioned adjacent with the at least one second filter sheet, opposite the plurality of second filter balls. 19. The spa filtration and massage system for a hot tub as claimed in claim 15 comprises:
the dispensing wand comprises a spray nozzle, a valve, an actuator;
the spray nozzle being hermetically connected with the hose coupler;
the actuator being mounted onto the spray nozzle;
the valve being integrated into the spray nozzle;
the transformer being in fluid communication with the spray nozzle; and,
the actuator being operatively coupled to the valve, wherein the actuator is used to open or close the valve for the spray nozzle. 20. The spa filtration and massage system for a hot tub as claimed in claim 15 comprises:
the dispensing wand comprises a spout;
the spout being hermetically connected with the hose coupler; and,
the transformer being in fluid communication with the spout. | A spa filtration and massage system for a hot tub is an apparatus that is a universal tool that connects with a jet of a hot tub. The apparatus includes a transformer and a dispensing wand. The transformer connects the dispensing wand with a jet. The transformer serves as an adapter for the dispensing wand. The dispenser wand is preferably connected with the transformer with a flexible hose and an adapter to lengthen the connection between transformer and the dispensing wand. In a first embodiment, the dispensing wand serves to filter the water of the hot tub as the dispensing wand includes a filtration receptacle, a cap, and a plurality of holes. A plurality of filters is positioned within the filtration receptacle. In a second embodiment, the dispensing wand dispenses the pressurized water as a spray. In a third embodiment, the dispensing wand serves as a massager.1. A spa filtration and massage system for a hot tub comprises:
a transformer; a dispensing wand; the transformer comprises an elongated tube, an inlet plug, a tightening bolt, and a hose coupler; the inlet plug being terminally positioned to the elongated tube; the tightening bolt being externally mounted with the inlet plug; the hose coupler being terminally positioned to the elongated tube, opposite the inlet plug; the dispensing wand being hermetically connected with the hose coupler; the inlet plug being in fluid communication with the elongated tube; the elongated tube being in fluid communication with the hose coupler; and, the hose coupler being in fluid communication with the dispensing wand. 2. The spa filtration and massage system for a hot tub as claimed in claim 1 comprises:
a flexible hose;
an adapter;
the flexible hose being terminally positioned to the hose coupler;
the adapter and the dispensing wand being terminally positioned to the flexible hose, opposite the hose coupler;
the hose coupler being in fluid communication with the flexible hose; and, the flexible hose being in fluid communication with the dispensing wand through the adapter. 3. The spa filtration and massage system for a hot tub as claimed in claim 2 comprises:
a plurality of floating nodes;
the flexible hose being traversing through each of the plurality of floating nodes; and,
the plurality of floating nodes being attached along with the flexible hose. 4. The spa filtration and massage system for a hot tub as claimed in claim 1 comprises:
a plurality of filters;
the dispensing wand comprises a filtration receptacle, a cap, and a plurality of holes;
the filtration receptacle comprises a first end, a second end, an inlet, and an outlet;
the first end being positioned opposite the second end about the filtration receptacle;
the filtration receptacle tapering from the second end to the first end;
the inlet being integrated into the first end;
the outlet being integrated into the second end;
the first end being connected with the hose coupler;
the cap traversing across the outlet;
the cap being removably coupled with the second end;
the plurality of holes traversing through the cap;
the plurality of holes being distributed across the cap; and,
the plurality of filters being positioned within the filtration receptacle. 5. The spa filtration and massage system for a hot tub as claimed in claim 4 comprises:
the plurality of filters comprises a plurality of first filter balls, a plurality of second filter balls, a plurality of third filter balls, at least one first filter sheet, and at least one second filter sheet;
the plurality of first filter balls being positioned adjacent with the first end;
the at least one first filter sheet being positioned adjacent with the plurality of first filter balls, opposite the first end;
the plurality of second filter balls being positioned adjacent with the at least one first filter sheet, opposite the plurality of first filter balls;
the at least one second sheet being positioned adjacent with the plurality of second filter balls, opposite the at least one first filter sheet; and,
the plurality of third filter balls being positioned adjacent with the at least one second filter sheet, opposite the plurality of second filter balls. 6. The spa filtration and massage system for a hot tub as claimed in claim 5 comprises:
the at least one first filter sheet being a 50-micron polished pad. 7. The spa filtration and massage system for a hot tub as claimed in claim 5 comprises:
the at least one second filter sheet being a 100-micron polished pad. 8. The spa filtration and massage system for a hot tub as claimed in claim 5 comprises:
each of the plurality of first filter balls being a 30-to-60-micron filter. 9. The spa filtration and massage system for a hot tub as claimed in claim 5 comprises:
each of the plurality of second filter balls being a 60-to-90-micron filter. 10. The spa filtration and massage system for a hot tub as claimed in claim 5 comprises:
each of the plurality of third filter balls being a 90-to-120-micron filter. 11. The spa filtration and massage system for a hot tub as claimed in claim 4 comprises:
a mesh pouch;
the mesh pouch being positioned within the filtration receptacle; and,
the plurality of filters being positioned within the mesh pouch. 12. The spa filtration and massage system for a hot tub as claimed in claim 4 comprises:
at least one decorative ornament; and,
the at least one decorative ornament being externally mounted to the filtration receptacle. 13. The spa filtration and massage system for a hot tub as claimed in claim 1 comprises:
the dispensing wand comprises a spray nozzle, a valve, an actuator;
the spray nozzle being hermetically connected with the hose coupler;
the actuator being mounted onto the spray nozzle;
the valve being integrated into the spray nozzle;
the transformer being in fluid communication with the spray nozzle; and,
the actuator being operatively coupled to the valve, wherein the actuator is used to open or close the valve for the spray nozzle. 14. The spa filtration and massage system for a hot tub as claimed in claim 1 comprises:
the dispensing wand comprises a spout;
the spout being hermetically connected with the hose coupler; and,
the transformer being in fluid communication with the spout. 15. A spa filtration and massage system for a hot tub comprises:
a transformer; a dispensing wand; a flexible hose; an adapter; the transformer comprises an elongated tube, an inlet plug, a tightening bolt, and a hose coupler; the inlet plug being terminally positioned to the elongated tube; the tightening bolt being externally mounted with the inlet plug; the hose coupler being terminally positioned to the elongated tube, opposite the inlet plug; the dispensing wand being hermetically connected with the hose coupler; the inlet plug being in fluid communication with the elongated tube; the elongated tube being in fluid communication with the hose coupler; the hose coupler being in fluid communication with the dispensing wand; the flexible hose being terminally positioned to the hose coupler; the adapter and the dispensing wand being terminally positioned to the flexible hose, opposite the hose coupler; the hose coupler being in fluid communication with the flexible hose; and, the flexible hose being in fluid communication with the dispensing wand through the adapter. 16. The spa filtration and massage system for a hot tub as claimed in claim 15 comprises:
a plurality of floating nodes;
the flexible hose being traversing through each of the plurality of floating nodes; and,
the plurality of floating nodes being attached along with the flexible hose. 17. The spa filtration and massage system for a hot tub as claimed in claim 15 comprises:
a plurality of filters;
a mesh pouch;
at least one decorative ornament;
the dispensing wand comprises a filtration receptacle, a cap, and a plurality of holes;
the filtration receptacle comprises a first end, a second end, an inlet, and an outlet;
the first end being positioned opposite the second end about the filtration receptacle;
the filtration receptacle tapering from the second end to the first end;
the inlet being integrated into the first end;
the outlet being integrated into the second end;
the first end being connected with the hose coupler;
the cap traversing across the outlet;
the cap being removably coupled with the second end;
the plurality of holes traversing through the cap;
the plurality of holes being distributed across the cap;
the plurality of filters being positioned within the filtration receptacle;
the mesh pouch being positioned within the filtration receptacle;
the plurality of filters being positioned within the mesh pouch; and,
the at least one decorative ornament being externally mounted to the filtration receptacle. 18. The spa filtration and massage system for a hot tub as claimed in claim 17 comprises:
the plurality of filters comprises a plurality of first filter balls, a plurality of second filter balls, a plurality of third filter balls, at least one first filter sheet, and at least one second filter sheet;
the at least one first filter sheet being a 50-micron polished pad;
the at least one second filter sheet being a 100-micron polished pad;
each of the plurality of first filter balls being a 30-to-60-micron filter;
each of the plurality of second filter balls being a 60-to-90-micron filter;
each of the plurality of third filter balls being a 90-to-120-micron filter;
the plurality of first filter balls being positioned adjacent with the first end;
the at least one first filter sheet being positioned adjacent with the plurality of first filter balls, opposite the first end;
the plurality of second filter balls being positioned adjacent with the at least one first filter sheet, opposite the plurality of first filter balls;
the at least one second sheet being positioned adjacent with the plurality of second filter balls, opposite the at least one first filter sheet; and,
the plurality of third filter balls being positioned adjacent with the at least one second filter sheet, opposite the plurality of second filter balls. 19. The spa filtration and massage system for a hot tub as claimed in claim 15 comprises:
the dispensing wand comprises a spray nozzle, a valve, an actuator;
the spray nozzle being hermetically connected with the hose coupler;
the actuator being mounted onto the spray nozzle;
the valve being integrated into the spray nozzle;
the transformer being in fluid communication with the spray nozzle; and,
the actuator being operatively coupled to the valve, wherein the actuator is used to open or close the valve for the spray nozzle. 20. The spa filtration and massage system for a hot tub as claimed in claim 15 comprises:
the dispensing wand comprises a spout;
the spout being hermetically connected with the hose coupler; and,
the transformer being in fluid communication with the spout. | 2,800 |
340,020 | 16,801,010 | 3,685 | Disclosed are systems and methods for providing secure end-to-end transactions between consumers, merchants, and banks. A unique identifier is generated based on information specific to the device and information specific to the user and stored in a secure area of a device. A programming module executing on the device may initiate a transaction and interact with a merchant system to complete the transaction. Information provided by the programming module may enable the merchant system to negotiate with a banking system to complete the transaction. Profile information of a user may be collected by a programming module according to user selected preferences. An interface system may provide visual content to a merchant system and a banking system to verify consumer identity. | 1. A system for providing secure end-to-end transactions, the system comprising:
one or more processors; and memory storing a set of instructions that, as a result of execution by the one or more processors, cause the system to:
send, over the network, profile information of a consumer to a merchant computing system identified in a list of merchants authorized for online transactions by the consumer;
receive, over the network, a request to authenticate the consumer operating a computing device, the request including a first encrypted hash value;
generate a decrypted hash value by decrypting the first encrypted hash value using a first cryptographic key of a financial institution identified in payment information associated with the consumer;
generate a second encrypted hash value by encrypting the decrypted hash value using a second cryptographic key of a merchant corresponding to the merchant computing system; and
send the second encrypted hash value to the merchant computing system. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the set of instructions, as a result of execution by the one or more processors, further cause the system to:
receive, over the network from a banking computing system, profile information of a consumer and the list of merchants authorized for online transactions by the consumer, wherein the profile information is sent to the merchant computing system in response to receipt of the profile information. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the profile information includes payment information indicating a set of authorized payment methods authorized by the consumer for fulfillment of online transactions. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the request to authenticate the consumer is generated by a program module of a merchant application on the computing device. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the set of instructions, as a result of execution by the one or more processors, further cause the system to:
receive, over the network, a first hash value from a merchant application operating on the computing device and an identifier of the consumer; obtain a second hash value associated with the identifier of the customer; determine a match between the first hash value and the second hash value based on a comparison between the first hash value and the second hash value; and send, as a result of the match determined, an indication of successful validation to the merchant application. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the set of instructions, as a result of execution by the one or more processors, further cause the system to:
receive, over the network from the merchant computing system, a request to process a payment in connection with a transaction initiated by the consumer; send, over the network to a financial computing system of the financial institution, a request to determine whether the payment requested is authorized by the consumer; receive, over the network from the financial computing system, information regarding consumer authorization of the payment; and send, over the network to the merchant computing system, a communication indicating whether the payment is authorized by the consumer. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein at least one of the request to process a payment and the request to determine whether the payment requested is authorized by the consumer include an encrypted hash value. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the set of instructions, as a result of execution by the one or more processors, further cause the system to:
generate a blockchain ledger associated with the consumer; for each communication received in connection with the consumer, determine a validity of one or more transactions in the blockchain ledger by verifying a cryptographic entry for each of the one or more transactions; and for each communication sent in connection with the consumer, generate a new entry in the blockchain ledger by performing a cryptographic hash function involving a cryptographic key associated with an entity interacting with the blockchain ledger. 9. At least one non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions that, as a result of execution by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to:
establish a secure storage area in memory of the device that is inaccessible by an operating system of a device corresponding to the one or more processors; obtain a first set of information specific to the device; obtain a second set of information specific to a user of the device; generate an encrypted hash value by causing the one or more processors to
apply a hash function to the first set of information and the second set of information to obtain a hash value, and
encrypt the hash value using a cryptographic key; and
store the encrypted hash value in the secure storage area of the device. 10. The at least one non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the at least one non-transitory computer-readable medium stores further instructions that, as a result of execution by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to:
receive, over a network from a first entity, a request to authenticate a consumer associated with an internet transaction; search for the encrypted hash value in the secure storage area based on information associated with the consumer; and send, as a result of successfully locating the encrypted hash value in the secure storage area based on the search, the encrypted hash value to a second entity over the network. 11. The at least one non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 10, wherein the at least one non-transitory computer-readable medium stores further instructions that, as a result of execution by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to:
send, as a result of determining that the encrypted hash value is stored in the secure storage area, customer profile information to the second entity. 12. The at least one non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 11, wherein the first entity is a computer system of a merchant and the third entity is a computer system facilitating interaction between the merchant, the consumer, and a financial institute. 13. The at least one non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 9, the at least one non-transitory computer-readable medium stores further instructions that, as a result of execution by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to:
receive, from the second entity over the network, the cryptographic key. 14. A system for providing secure end-to-end transactions, comprising:
one or more processors; and memory storing a set of instructions that, as a result of execution by the one or more processors, cause the system to:
receive, over a network from a merchant computer system, a request to verify payment for an online transaction purportedly initiated by a consumer via a computing device;
determine a risk of fraud associated with the online transaction based on a set of factors;
generate, as a result of the risk of fraud determined, a correct data object;
send, over the network, the correct data object to a financial computing system of a financial institution associated with the consumer;
send, over the network, a request to verify an identity of the consumer that includes the correct data object to the merchant computing system;
receive, over the network, an indication of an object submitted from the computing device in connection with the request to verify the identity;
determine whether the object is a match to the correct data object;
send a communication to the merchant computing system indicating whether the identity of the consumer is verified based on a determination of whether the object is a match for the correct data object. 15. A method for providing secure end-to-end transactions involving a merchant, comprising:
receiving, over a network from a computer system, consumer profile information for a particular consumer at a first time; storing the consumer profile information in data storage; receiving, over a network from a consumer device, a request to obtain profile information regarding a user operating the consumer device at a second time after the first time, the request including a hash value associated with a consumer operating the consumer device; obtaining, from data storage, the consumer profile information using the hash value; and providing, over the network to the consumer device, the consumer profile information. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
receiving, subsequent to providing the consumer profile information, information representative of consumer behavior in a virtual environment of the merchant; evaluating the information representative of the consumer behavior; generating customized content for presentation to the consumer on the consumer device based on a result of the evaluation; and sending the customized content to the consumer device over the network. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the information representative of consumer behavior in the merchant virtual environment is not a cookie. 18. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
receiving, over the network from a program module executing on the consumer device, a request to complete an online transaction in a merchant virtual environment; obtaining, from data storage, a set of payment methods authorized by the consumer on the consumer device as a result of processing the hash value; sending information regarding the set of payment methods to the consumer device; receiving a communication specifying a payment method selected by a consumer; and submitting a request to fulfill payment for the online transaction to a financial computing system of a financial institution. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the request to fulfill payment includes a second hash value associated with the consumer. 20. The method of claim 15, wherein the hash value is an encrypted hash value, the method further comprising:
applying a hash function to the consumer profile information received at the first time to generate a second hash value, wherein the consumer profile information is stored in the data storage in a location corresponding to the second hash value; applying a cryptographic key to the encrypted hash value to obtain a decrypted hash value; and obtaining the consumer profile information from the location in the data storage based on the decrypted hash value. 21. A method for providing secure end-to-end transactions involving a financial institution, comprising:
receiving, over a network, an encrypted hash value generated via a program module executing on a consumer device; providing, over the network, a list of merchants to the consumer device; receiving, over the network from the consumer device, a selection of one or more merchants authorized to receive information regarding a consumer associated with the encrypted hash value, profile information of the consumer, and payment information for the consumer; verifying the payment information; and sending the payment information and profile information to a computer system via an application programming interface. 22. The method of claim 21, further comprising:
decrypting the encrypted hash value using a cryptographic key to generate a hash value; and storing the profile information and payment information in a location in data storage based on the hash value. 23. The method of claim 21, further comprising:
receiving, over the network from the computer system, a request to remit payment to a merchant on behalf of the consumer, the request including a second encrypted hash value; and fulfilling the request to remit payment as a result of verifying that the second encrypted hash value corresponds to the profile information of the consumer. 24. A method for providing secure end-to-end transactions, comprising:
receiving, over a network from a program module executing on a consumer device, a first encrypted hash value, consumer profile information, and a list of consumer selected merchants; applying a first cryptographic key to the first encrypted hash value to produce a first hash value; storing the consumer profile information in a location in data storage according to the first hash value; and sending, over the network to a merchant computer system of a merchant specified in the list of consumer selected merchants, the consumer profile information over an application programming interface. | Disclosed are systems and methods for providing secure end-to-end transactions between consumers, merchants, and banks. A unique identifier is generated based on information specific to the device and information specific to the user and stored in a secure area of a device. A programming module executing on the device may initiate a transaction and interact with a merchant system to complete the transaction. Information provided by the programming module may enable the merchant system to negotiate with a banking system to complete the transaction. Profile information of a user may be collected by a programming module according to user selected preferences. An interface system may provide visual content to a merchant system and a banking system to verify consumer identity.1. A system for providing secure end-to-end transactions, the system comprising:
one or more processors; and memory storing a set of instructions that, as a result of execution by the one or more processors, cause the system to:
send, over the network, profile information of a consumer to a merchant computing system identified in a list of merchants authorized for online transactions by the consumer;
receive, over the network, a request to authenticate the consumer operating a computing device, the request including a first encrypted hash value;
generate a decrypted hash value by decrypting the first encrypted hash value using a first cryptographic key of a financial institution identified in payment information associated with the consumer;
generate a second encrypted hash value by encrypting the decrypted hash value using a second cryptographic key of a merchant corresponding to the merchant computing system; and
send the second encrypted hash value to the merchant computing system. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the set of instructions, as a result of execution by the one or more processors, further cause the system to:
receive, over the network from a banking computing system, profile information of a consumer and the list of merchants authorized for online transactions by the consumer, wherein the profile information is sent to the merchant computing system in response to receipt of the profile information. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the profile information includes payment information indicating a set of authorized payment methods authorized by the consumer for fulfillment of online transactions. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the request to authenticate the consumer is generated by a program module of a merchant application on the computing device. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the set of instructions, as a result of execution by the one or more processors, further cause the system to:
receive, over the network, a first hash value from a merchant application operating on the computing device and an identifier of the consumer; obtain a second hash value associated with the identifier of the customer; determine a match between the first hash value and the second hash value based on a comparison between the first hash value and the second hash value; and send, as a result of the match determined, an indication of successful validation to the merchant application. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the set of instructions, as a result of execution by the one or more processors, further cause the system to:
receive, over the network from the merchant computing system, a request to process a payment in connection with a transaction initiated by the consumer; send, over the network to a financial computing system of the financial institution, a request to determine whether the payment requested is authorized by the consumer; receive, over the network from the financial computing system, information regarding consumer authorization of the payment; and send, over the network to the merchant computing system, a communication indicating whether the payment is authorized by the consumer. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein at least one of the request to process a payment and the request to determine whether the payment requested is authorized by the consumer include an encrypted hash value. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the set of instructions, as a result of execution by the one or more processors, further cause the system to:
generate a blockchain ledger associated with the consumer; for each communication received in connection with the consumer, determine a validity of one or more transactions in the blockchain ledger by verifying a cryptographic entry for each of the one or more transactions; and for each communication sent in connection with the consumer, generate a new entry in the blockchain ledger by performing a cryptographic hash function involving a cryptographic key associated with an entity interacting with the blockchain ledger. 9. At least one non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions that, as a result of execution by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to:
establish a secure storage area in memory of the device that is inaccessible by an operating system of a device corresponding to the one or more processors; obtain a first set of information specific to the device; obtain a second set of information specific to a user of the device; generate an encrypted hash value by causing the one or more processors to
apply a hash function to the first set of information and the second set of information to obtain a hash value, and
encrypt the hash value using a cryptographic key; and
store the encrypted hash value in the secure storage area of the device. 10. The at least one non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the at least one non-transitory computer-readable medium stores further instructions that, as a result of execution by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to:
receive, over a network from a first entity, a request to authenticate a consumer associated with an internet transaction; search for the encrypted hash value in the secure storage area based on information associated with the consumer; and send, as a result of successfully locating the encrypted hash value in the secure storage area based on the search, the encrypted hash value to a second entity over the network. 11. The at least one non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 10, wherein the at least one non-transitory computer-readable medium stores further instructions that, as a result of execution by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to:
send, as a result of determining that the encrypted hash value is stored in the secure storage area, customer profile information to the second entity. 12. The at least one non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 11, wherein the first entity is a computer system of a merchant and the third entity is a computer system facilitating interaction between the merchant, the consumer, and a financial institute. 13. The at least one non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 9, the at least one non-transitory computer-readable medium stores further instructions that, as a result of execution by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to:
receive, from the second entity over the network, the cryptographic key. 14. A system for providing secure end-to-end transactions, comprising:
one or more processors; and memory storing a set of instructions that, as a result of execution by the one or more processors, cause the system to:
receive, over a network from a merchant computer system, a request to verify payment for an online transaction purportedly initiated by a consumer via a computing device;
determine a risk of fraud associated with the online transaction based on a set of factors;
generate, as a result of the risk of fraud determined, a correct data object;
send, over the network, the correct data object to a financial computing system of a financial institution associated with the consumer;
send, over the network, a request to verify an identity of the consumer that includes the correct data object to the merchant computing system;
receive, over the network, an indication of an object submitted from the computing device in connection with the request to verify the identity;
determine whether the object is a match to the correct data object;
send a communication to the merchant computing system indicating whether the identity of the consumer is verified based on a determination of whether the object is a match for the correct data object. 15. A method for providing secure end-to-end transactions involving a merchant, comprising:
receiving, over a network from a computer system, consumer profile information for a particular consumer at a first time; storing the consumer profile information in data storage; receiving, over a network from a consumer device, a request to obtain profile information regarding a user operating the consumer device at a second time after the first time, the request including a hash value associated with a consumer operating the consumer device; obtaining, from data storage, the consumer profile information using the hash value; and providing, over the network to the consumer device, the consumer profile information. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
receiving, subsequent to providing the consumer profile information, information representative of consumer behavior in a virtual environment of the merchant; evaluating the information representative of the consumer behavior; generating customized content for presentation to the consumer on the consumer device based on a result of the evaluation; and sending the customized content to the consumer device over the network. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the information representative of consumer behavior in the merchant virtual environment is not a cookie. 18. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
receiving, over the network from a program module executing on the consumer device, a request to complete an online transaction in a merchant virtual environment; obtaining, from data storage, a set of payment methods authorized by the consumer on the consumer device as a result of processing the hash value; sending information regarding the set of payment methods to the consumer device; receiving a communication specifying a payment method selected by a consumer; and submitting a request to fulfill payment for the online transaction to a financial computing system of a financial institution. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the request to fulfill payment includes a second hash value associated with the consumer. 20. The method of claim 15, wherein the hash value is an encrypted hash value, the method further comprising:
applying a hash function to the consumer profile information received at the first time to generate a second hash value, wherein the consumer profile information is stored in the data storage in a location corresponding to the second hash value; applying a cryptographic key to the encrypted hash value to obtain a decrypted hash value; and obtaining the consumer profile information from the location in the data storage based on the decrypted hash value. 21. A method for providing secure end-to-end transactions involving a financial institution, comprising:
receiving, over a network, an encrypted hash value generated via a program module executing on a consumer device; providing, over the network, a list of merchants to the consumer device; receiving, over the network from the consumer device, a selection of one or more merchants authorized to receive information regarding a consumer associated with the encrypted hash value, profile information of the consumer, and payment information for the consumer; verifying the payment information; and sending the payment information and profile information to a computer system via an application programming interface. 22. The method of claim 21, further comprising:
decrypting the encrypted hash value using a cryptographic key to generate a hash value; and storing the profile information and payment information in a location in data storage based on the hash value. 23. The method of claim 21, further comprising:
receiving, over the network from the computer system, a request to remit payment to a merchant on behalf of the consumer, the request including a second encrypted hash value; and fulfilling the request to remit payment as a result of verifying that the second encrypted hash value corresponds to the profile information of the consumer. 24. A method for providing secure end-to-end transactions, comprising:
receiving, over a network from a program module executing on a consumer device, a first encrypted hash value, consumer profile information, and a list of consumer selected merchants; applying a first cryptographic key to the first encrypted hash value to produce a first hash value; storing the consumer profile information in a location in data storage according to the first hash value; and sending, over the network to a merchant computer system of a merchant specified in the list of consumer selected merchants, the consumer profile information over an application programming interface. | 3,600 |
340,021 | 16,800,979 | 3,685 | Salts and solid forms of 3-(4-((4-(morpholinomethyl)benzyl)oxy)-1-oxoisoindolin-2-yl)piperidine-2,6-dione, or a stereoisomer thereof, are disclosed. Compositions comprising and methods of using the salts and solid forms are also disclosed. | 1-38. (canceled) 39. A process for preparing Form A of HCl salt of Compound (I-S): 40. The process of claim 39, wherein the hydrate of HCl salt of Compound (I-S) is Form D of HCl salt of Compound (I-S) characterized by an XRPD pattern comprising peaks at approximately 13.52, 14.16, and 25.00 degrees 2θ. 41. The process of claim 39, wherein the hydrate of HCl salt of Compound (I-S) is Form E of HCl salt of Compound (I-S) characterized by an XRPD pattern comprising peaks at approximately 9.82, 17.06, and 17.73 degrees 2θ. 42. The process of claim 39, wherein the hydrate of HCl salt of Compound (I-S) is Form F of HCl salt of Compound (I-S) characterized by an XRPD pattern comprising peaks at approximately 13.71, 14.22, and 20.87 degrees 2θ. 43. A process for preparing Form A of HCl salt of Compound (I-S): 44. The process of claim 43, wherein the solvent is water. 45. The process of claim 43, wherein the solvent is MeOAc saturated with water. 46. The process of claim 43, wherein the solvent is a mixture of 2-propanol and water. 47. The process of claim 46, wherein the solvent is a 50/50 mixture of 2-propanol and water. 48. The process of claim 46, wherein the solvent is a 65/35 mixture of 2-propanol and water. 49. The process of claim 46, wherein the solvent is a 80/20 mixture of 2-propanol and water. 50. The process of claim 46, wherein the solvent is a 95/5 mixture of 2-propanol and water. 51. A compound, which is Compound (II): | Salts and solid forms of 3-(4-((4-(morpholinomethyl)benzyl)oxy)-1-oxoisoindolin-2-yl)piperidine-2,6-dione, or a stereoisomer thereof, are disclosed. Compositions comprising and methods of using the salts and solid forms are also disclosed.1-38. (canceled) 39. A process for preparing Form A of HCl salt of Compound (I-S): 40. The process of claim 39, wherein the hydrate of HCl salt of Compound (I-S) is Form D of HCl salt of Compound (I-S) characterized by an XRPD pattern comprising peaks at approximately 13.52, 14.16, and 25.00 degrees 2θ. 41. The process of claim 39, wherein the hydrate of HCl salt of Compound (I-S) is Form E of HCl salt of Compound (I-S) characterized by an XRPD pattern comprising peaks at approximately 9.82, 17.06, and 17.73 degrees 2θ. 42. The process of claim 39, wherein the hydrate of HCl salt of Compound (I-S) is Form F of HCl salt of Compound (I-S) characterized by an XRPD pattern comprising peaks at approximately 13.71, 14.22, and 20.87 degrees 2θ. 43. A process for preparing Form A of HCl salt of Compound (I-S): 44. The process of claim 43, wherein the solvent is water. 45. The process of claim 43, wherein the solvent is MeOAc saturated with water. 46. The process of claim 43, wherein the solvent is a mixture of 2-propanol and water. 47. The process of claim 46, wherein the solvent is a 50/50 mixture of 2-propanol and water. 48. The process of claim 46, wherein the solvent is a 65/35 mixture of 2-propanol and water. 49. The process of claim 46, wherein the solvent is a 80/20 mixture of 2-propanol and water. 50. The process of claim 46, wherein the solvent is a 95/5 mixture of 2-propanol and water. 51. A compound, which is Compound (II): | 3,600 |
340,022 | 16,800,993 | 3,685 | A reproduction control method realized by a computer includes analyzing an actual performance of an actual performer, controlling a reproduction of a performance sound of a musical piece represented by music data in accordance with a result of the analyzing of the actual performance, and outputting a message relating to the actual performance in accordance with the result of the analyzing of the actual performance. | 1. A reproduction control method realized by a computer, comprising:
analyzing an actual performance of an actual performer; controlling a reproduction of a performance sound of a musical piece represented by music data in accordance with a result of the analyzing of the actual performance; and outputting a message relating to the actual performance in accordance with the result of the analyzing of the actual performance. 2. The reproduction control method according to claim 1, wherein
in the analyzing of the actual performance, a position in the musical piece that is being played by the actual performer is estimated, and in the controlling of the reproduction, the reproduction of the performance sound of the musical piece is controlled so as to follow a progress of the position that has been estimated. 3. The reproduction control method according to claim 1, wherein
in the analyzing of the actual performance, a first index indicating a position in the musical piece that is being played by the actual performer and a second index indicating a speed of the actual performance are calculated. 4. The reproduction control method according to claim 1, wherein
in the analyzing of the actual performance, a third index indicating a skill level of the actual performance, a fourth index indicating a temporal error between the actual performance and the performance sound of the musical piece, and a fifth index indicating a presence or absence of a mistake of the actual performance by the actual performer are calculated. 5. The reproduction control method according to claim 1, wherein
in the outputting, determination of whether the result of the analyzing of the actual performance satisfies a prescribed condition is performed, and the message is output each time a result of the determination changes. 6. The reproduction control method according to claim 5, wherein
in the determination, whether indices calculated by the analyzing of the actual performance are within prescribed ranges is determined. 7. The reproduction control method according to claim 1, wherein
the message represents an emotion relating to the result of the analyzing of the actual performance. 8. A reproduction control device comprising:
an electronic controller including at least one processor, the electronic controller being configured to execute a plurality of modules including
an analysis processing module that analyzes an actual performance of an actual performer,
a reproduction control module that causes a sound output device to reproduce a performance sound of a musical piece represented by music data and that controls a reproduction of the performance sound in accordance with a result of analysis by the analysis processing module, and
an output processing module that outputs a message relating to the actual performance in accordance with the result of the analysis by the analysis processing module. 9. The reproduction control device according to claim 8, wherein
the analysis processing module estimates a position in the musical piece that is being played by the actual performer, and the reproduction control module causes the sound output device to reproduce the performance sound of the musical piece so as to follow a progress of the position that has been estimated. 10. The reproduction control device according to claim 8, wherein
the analysis processing module calculates a first index indicating a position in the musical piece that is being played by the actual performer and a second index indicating a speed of the actual performance. 11. The reproduction control device according to claim 8, wherein
the analysis processing module calculates a third index indicating a skill level of the actual performance, a fourth index indicating a temporal error between the actual performance and the performance sound to be reproduced by the sound output device, and a fifth index indicating a presence or absence of a mistake of the actual performance by the actual performer. 12. The reproduction control device according to claim 8, wherein
the output processing module performs determination of whether the result of the analysis satisfies a prescribed condition, and outputs the message each time a result of the determination changes. 13. The reproduction control device according to claim 12, wherein
the output processing module determines whether indices calculated by the analysis processing module are within prescribed ranges. 14. The reproduction control device according to claim 8, wherein
the message represents an emotion relating to the result of the analysis. 15. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing a program that causes a computer to execute:
an analysis process that analyzes an actual performance of an actual performer; a reproduction control process that causes a sound output device to reproduce a performance sound of a musical piece represented by music data and that controls a reproduction of the performance sound in accordance with a result of analysis by the analysis process; and an output process that outputs a message relating to the actual performance in accordance with the result of the analysis by the analysis process. 16. The non-transitory computer readable medium according to claim 15, wherein
in the analysis process, a position in the musical piece that is being played by the actual performer is estimated, and in the reproduction control process, the reproduction of the performance sound of the musical piece is controlled so as to follow a progress of the position that has been estimated. 17. The non-transitory computer readable medium according to claim 15, wherein
in the analysis process, a first index indicating a position in the musical piece that is being played by the actual performer and a second index indicating a speed of the actual performance are calculated. 18. The non-transitory computer readable medium according to claim 15, wherein
in the analysis process, a third index indicating a skill level of the actual performance, a fourth index indicating a temporal error between the actual performance and the performance sound of the musical piece, and a fifth index indicating a presence or absence of a mistake of the actual performance by the actual performer are calculated. 19. The non-transitory computer readable medium according to claim 15, wherein
in the output process, determination of whether the result of the analysis satisfies a prescribed condition is performed, and the message is output each time a result of the determination changes. 20. The non-transitory computer readable medium according to claim 19, wherein
in the determination, whether indices calculated by the analysis are within prescribed ranges is determined. | A reproduction control method realized by a computer includes analyzing an actual performance of an actual performer, controlling a reproduction of a performance sound of a musical piece represented by music data in accordance with a result of the analyzing of the actual performance, and outputting a message relating to the actual performance in accordance with the result of the analyzing of the actual performance.1. A reproduction control method realized by a computer, comprising:
analyzing an actual performance of an actual performer; controlling a reproduction of a performance sound of a musical piece represented by music data in accordance with a result of the analyzing of the actual performance; and outputting a message relating to the actual performance in accordance with the result of the analyzing of the actual performance. 2. The reproduction control method according to claim 1, wherein
in the analyzing of the actual performance, a position in the musical piece that is being played by the actual performer is estimated, and in the controlling of the reproduction, the reproduction of the performance sound of the musical piece is controlled so as to follow a progress of the position that has been estimated. 3. The reproduction control method according to claim 1, wherein
in the analyzing of the actual performance, a first index indicating a position in the musical piece that is being played by the actual performer and a second index indicating a speed of the actual performance are calculated. 4. The reproduction control method according to claim 1, wherein
in the analyzing of the actual performance, a third index indicating a skill level of the actual performance, a fourth index indicating a temporal error between the actual performance and the performance sound of the musical piece, and a fifth index indicating a presence or absence of a mistake of the actual performance by the actual performer are calculated. 5. The reproduction control method according to claim 1, wherein
in the outputting, determination of whether the result of the analyzing of the actual performance satisfies a prescribed condition is performed, and the message is output each time a result of the determination changes. 6. The reproduction control method according to claim 5, wherein
in the determination, whether indices calculated by the analyzing of the actual performance are within prescribed ranges is determined. 7. The reproduction control method according to claim 1, wherein
the message represents an emotion relating to the result of the analyzing of the actual performance. 8. A reproduction control device comprising:
an electronic controller including at least one processor, the electronic controller being configured to execute a plurality of modules including
an analysis processing module that analyzes an actual performance of an actual performer,
a reproduction control module that causes a sound output device to reproduce a performance sound of a musical piece represented by music data and that controls a reproduction of the performance sound in accordance with a result of analysis by the analysis processing module, and
an output processing module that outputs a message relating to the actual performance in accordance with the result of the analysis by the analysis processing module. 9. The reproduction control device according to claim 8, wherein
the analysis processing module estimates a position in the musical piece that is being played by the actual performer, and the reproduction control module causes the sound output device to reproduce the performance sound of the musical piece so as to follow a progress of the position that has been estimated. 10. The reproduction control device according to claim 8, wherein
the analysis processing module calculates a first index indicating a position in the musical piece that is being played by the actual performer and a second index indicating a speed of the actual performance. 11. The reproduction control device according to claim 8, wherein
the analysis processing module calculates a third index indicating a skill level of the actual performance, a fourth index indicating a temporal error between the actual performance and the performance sound to be reproduced by the sound output device, and a fifth index indicating a presence or absence of a mistake of the actual performance by the actual performer. 12. The reproduction control device according to claim 8, wherein
the output processing module performs determination of whether the result of the analysis satisfies a prescribed condition, and outputs the message each time a result of the determination changes. 13. The reproduction control device according to claim 12, wherein
the output processing module determines whether indices calculated by the analysis processing module are within prescribed ranges. 14. The reproduction control device according to claim 8, wherein
the message represents an emotion relating to the result of the analysis. 15. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing a program that causes a computer to execute:
an analysis process that analyzes an actual performance of an actual performer; a reproduction control process that causes a sound output device to reproduce a performance sound of a musical piece represented by music data and that controls a reproduction of the performance sound in accordance with a result of analysis by the analysis process; and an output process that outputs a message relating to the actual performance in accordance with the result of the analysis by the analysis process. 16. The non-transitory computer readable medium according to claim 15, wherein
in the analysis process, a position in the musical piece that is being played by the actual performer is estimated, and in the reproduction control process, the reproduction of the performance sound of the musical piece is controlled so as to follow a progress of the position that has been estimated. 17. The non-transitory computer readable medium according to claim 15, wherein
in the analysis process, a first index indicating a position in the musical piece that is being played by the actual performer and a second index indicating a speed of the actual performance are calculated. 18. The non-transitory computer readable medium according to claim 15, wherein
in the analysis process, a third index indicating a skill level of the actual performance, a fourth index indicating a temporal error between the actual performance and the performance sound of the musical piece, and a fifth index indicating a presence or absence of a mistake of the actual performance by the actual performer are calculated. 19. The non-transitory computer readable medium according to claim 15, wherein
in the output process, determination of whether the result of the analysis satisfies a prescribed condition is performed, and the message is output each time a result of the determination changes. 20. The non-transitory computer readable medium according to claim 19, wherein
in the determination, whether indices calculated by the analysis are within prescribed ranges is determined. | 3,600 |
340,023 | 16,800,949 | 3,685 | An apparatus including a dielectric layer; and a set of thin-film resistors arranged in a row extending in a first direction on the dielectric layer, wherein lengths of the set of thin-film resistors in a second direction substantially orthogonal to the first direction are substantially the same, wherein the set of thin-film resistors includes a first subset of one or more thin-film resistors with respective terminals spaced apart by a first distance, and wherein the set of thin-film resistors includes a second subset of one or more thin-film resistors with respective terminals spaced apart by a second distance, the first distance being different than the second distance. | 1. An apparatus, comprising:
a dielectric layer; and a set of thin-film resistors arranged in a row extending in a first direction on the dielectric layer, wherein lengths of the set of thin-film resistors extending in a second direction substantially orthogonal to the first direction are substantially the same, wherein the set of thin-film resistors includes a first subset of one or more thin-film resistors with respective terminals spaced apart by a first distance, and wherein the set of thin-film resistors includes a second subset of one or more thin-film resistors with respective terminals spaced apart by a second distance, the first distance being different than the second distance. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein one or more boundaries of the first subset of one or more thin-film resistors is substantially aligned in the first direction with one or more boundaries of the second subset of one or more thin-film resistors. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein one or more terminals of the first subset of one or more thin-film resistors is substantially aligned in the first direction with one or more terminals of the second subset of one or more thin-film resistors. 4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein one or more other terminals of the first subset of one or more thin-film resistors is not aligned in the first direction with one or more other terminals of the second subset of one or more thin-film resistors. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein one or more pairs of terminals of the first subset of one or more thin-film resistors is not aligned in the first direction with one or more pairs of terminals of the second subset of one or more thin-film resistors, respectively. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the set of thin-film resistors have substantially the same width. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the set of thin-film resistors are made out of the same material. 8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the material comprises Titanium-Nitride (TiN). 9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein a first subset of one or more terminals of the first subset of one or more thin-film resistors is substantially aligned in the first direction with a first subset of one or more terminals of the second subset of one or more thin-film resistors, and wherein a second subset of one or more terminals of the first subset of thin-film resistors is not aligned in the first direction with a second subset of one or more terminals of the second subset of one or more thin-film resistors. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the second subset of one or more terminals of the second subset of one or more thin-film resistors is configured to receive a voltage potential, and wherein one or more regions of thin-film resistive material upon which the second subset of one or more terminals are disposed are configured to receive the voltage potential from another one or more electrical connection, respectively. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the voltage potential comprises ground. 12. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the voltage potential comprises a voltage on a supply rail. 13. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein a spacing between each adjacent thin-film resistors of the set is less than a threshold. 14. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the set of thin-film resistors are bounded on opposite sides of the row by one or more dummy resistors, respectively. 15. An apparatus, comprising:
a dielectric layer; and a set of thin-film resistors arranged in a row extending in a first direction on the dielectric layer, wherein a first subset of one or more thin-film resistors of the set has a first length in a second direction substantially orthogonal to the first direction, and wherein a second subset of one or more thin-film resistors of the set has a second length in the second direction, the second length being different than the first length. 16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein boundaries of the first and second subsets of thin-film resistors substantially align in the first direction. 17. The apparatus of claim 15, further comprising one or more thin-film resistive material layers separated from the second subset of one or more thin-film resistors in the second direction by one or more gaps, respectively. 18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein one or more boundaries of the first subset of one or more thin-film resistors substantially align in the first direction with one or more boundaries of the one or more thin-film resistive material layers. 19. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the one or more thin-film resistive material layers are floating. 20. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the one or more thin-film resistive material layers are configured to receive a supply voltage potential. 21. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the one or more gaps has a spacing in the second direction at or above a defined minimum spacing. 22. The apparatus of claim 15, further comprising:
a first set of one or more thin-film resistive material layers separated from the second subset of one or more thin-film resistors in the second direction by a first set of one or more gaps, respectively; and a second set of one or more thin-film resistive material layers separated from the second subset of one or more thin-film resistors in the second direction by a second set of one or more gaps, respectively. 23. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein one or more boundaries of the first set of one or more thin-film resistive material layers substantially align in the first direction with one or more boundaries of the first subset of one or more thin-film resistors. 24. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein one or more boundaries of the second set of one or more thin-film resistive material layers substantially align in the first direction with one or more other boundaries of the first subset of one or more thin-film resistors. 25. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the set of thin-film resistors are bounded on opposite sides of the row by one or more dummy resistors, respectively. 26. An apparatus, comprising:
a dielectric layer; and a set of thin-film resistors arranged in a row extending in a first direction on the dielectric layer, wherein a first subset of one or more thin-film resistors of the set include a first number of one or more thin-film resistors stacked in a second direction substantially orthogonal to the first direction, and wherein a second subset of one or more thin-film resistors of the set include a second number of one or more thin-film resistors stacked in the second direction, the first number being different than the second number. 27. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein opposite boundaries of the set of thin-film resistors in the second direction substantially align in the first direction. 28. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the stacked thin-film resistors of the first or second subset are electrically isolated from each other by one or more gaps, respectively. 29. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the stacked thin-film resistors of the first or second subset have substantially the same or different resistances. 30. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the set of thin-film resistors are bounded on opposite sides of the row by one or more dummy resistors, respectively. | An apparatus including a dielectric layer; and a set of thin-film resistors arranged in a row extending in a first direction on the dielectric layer, wherein lengths of the set of thin-film resistors in a second direction substantially orthogonal to the first direction are substantially the same, wherein the set of thin-film resistors includes a first subset of one or more thin-film resistors with respective terminals spaced apart by a first distance, and wherein the set of thin-film resistors includes a second subset of one or more thin-film resistors with respective terminals spaced apart by a second distance, the first distance being different than the second distance.1. An apparatus, comprising:
a dielectric layer; and a set of thin-film resistors arranged in a row extending in a first direction on the dielectric layer, wherein lengths of the set of thin-film resistors extending in a second direction substantially orthogonal to the first direction are substantially the same, wherein the set of thin-film resistors includes a first subset of one or more thin-film resistors with respective terminals spaced apart by a first distance, and wherein the set of thin-film resistors includes a second subset of one or more thin-film resistors with respective terminals spaced apart by a second distance, the first distance being different than the second distance. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein one or more boundaries of the first subset of one or more thin-film resistors is substantially aligned in the first direction with one or more boundaries of the second subset of one or more thin-film resistors. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein one or more terminals of the first subset of one or more thin-film resistors is substantially aligned in the first direction with one or more terminals of the second subset of one or more thin-film resistors. 4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein one or more other terminals of the first subset of one or more thin-film resistors is not aligned in the first direction with one or more other terminals of the second subset of one or more thin-film resistors. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein one or more pairs of terminals of the first subset of one or more thin-film resistors is not aligned in the first direction with one or more pairs of terminals of the second subset of one or more thin-film resistors, respectively. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the set of thin-film resistors have substantially the same width. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the set of thin-film resistors are made out of the same material. 8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the material comprises Titanium-Nitride (TiN). 9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein a first subset of one or more terminals of the first subset of one or more thin-film resistors is substantially aligned in the first direction with a first subset of one or more terminals of the second subset of one or more thin-film resistors, and wherein a second subset of one or more terminals of the first subset of thin-film resistors is not aligned in the first direction with a second subset of one or more terminals of the second subset of one or more thin-film resistors. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the second subset of one or more terminals of the second subset of one or more thin-film resistors is configured to receive a voltage potential, and wherein one or more regions of thin-film resistive material upon which the second subset of one or more terminals are disposed are configured to receive the voltage potential from another one or more electrical connection, respectively. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the voltage potential comprises ground. 12. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the voltage potential comprises a voltage on a supply rail. 13. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein a spacing between each adjacent thin-film resistors of the set is less than a threshold. 14. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the set of thin-film resistors are bounded on opposite sides of the row by one or more dummy resistors, respectively. 15. An apparatus, comprising:
a dielectric layer; and a set of thin-film resistors arranged in a row extending in a first direction on the dielectric layer, wherein a first subset of one or more thin-film resistors of the set has a first length in a second direction substantially orthogonal to the first direction, and wherein a second subset of one or more thin-film resistors of the set has a second length in the second direction, the second length being different than the first length. 16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein boundaries of the first and second subsets of thin-film resistors substantially align in the first direction. 17. The apparatus of claim 15, further comprising one or more thin-film resistive material layers separated from the second subset of one or more thin-film resistors in the second direction by one or more gaps, respectively. 18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein one or more boundaries of the first subset of one or more thin-film resistors substantially align in the first direction with one or more boundaries of the one or more thin-film resistive material layers. 19. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the one or more thin-film resistive material layers are floating. 20. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the one or more thin-film resistive material layers are configured to receive a supply voltage potential. 21. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the one or more gaps has a spacing in the second direction at or above a defined minimum spacing. 22. The apparatus of claim 15, further comprising:
a first set of one or more thin-film resistive material layers separated from the second subset of one or more thin-film resistors in the second direction by a first set of one or more gaps, respectively; and a second set of one or more thin-film resistive material layers separated from the second subset of one or more thin-film resistors in the second direction by a second set of one or more gaps, respectively. 23. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein one or more boundaries of the first set of one or more thin-film resistive material layers substantially align in the first direction with one or more boundaries of the first subset of one or more thin-film resistors. 24. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein one or more boundaries of the second set of one or more thin-film resistive material layers substantially align in the first direction with one or more other boundaries of the first subset of one or more thin-film resistors. 25. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the set of thin-film resistors are bounded on opposite sides of the row by one or more dummy resistors, respectively. 26. An apparatus, comprising:
a dielectric layer; and a set of thin-film resistors arranged in a row extending in a first direction on the dielectric layer, wherein a first subset of one or more thin-film resistors of the set include a first number of one or more thin-film resistors stacked in a second direction substantially orthogonal to the first direction, and wherein a second subset of one or more thin-film resistors of the set include a second number of one or more thin-film resistors stacked in the second direction, the first number being different than the second number. 27. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein opposite boundaries of the set of thin-film resistors in the second direction substantially align in the first direction. 28. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the stacked thin-film resistors of the first or second subset are electrically isolated from each other by one or more gaps, respectively. 29. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the stacked thin-film resistors of the first or second subset have substantially the same or different resistances. 30. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the set of thin-film resistors are bounded on opposite sides of the row by one or more dummy resistors, respectively. | 3,600 |
340,024 | 16,800,932 | 3,685 | A foil-based package and a method for manufacturing a foil-based package includes, among other things, a first and a second foil substrate. An electronic component is arranged between the two foil substrates in a sandwich-like manner. Due to the component thickness, there is a distance difference between the two foil substrates between the mounting area of the component and ears outside of the mounting area. The foil-based package and the method provides means for reducing and/or compensating a distance difference between the first foil substrate and the second foil substrate caused by the component thickness. | 1. A foil-based package, comprising:
a first foil substrate with a first main side and an opposite second main side, wherein a multitude of electrical contact elements are arranged on the first main side, wherein each contact element comprises a first contact portion and a second contact portion laterally spaced apart therefrom, wherein the first and second contact portions of a contact element are galvanically connected to each other by means of a connecting portion, a second foil substrate with a first main side and an opposite second main side, an electronic component with a first component side and an opposite second component side, wherein a multitude of component terminal pads for electrically contacting the component are arranged on the first component side, and wherein the electronic component comprises a component thickness to be measured between the first and second component sides, wherein the first foil substrate and the second foil substrate are arranged on top of each other such that the first main side of the first foil substrate and the first main side of the second foil substrate are opposite to each other, wherein the electronic component is arranged between the first foil substrate and the second foil substrate such that at least some of the multitude of the component terminal pads are connected to a respective one of the first contact portions of the contact elements arranged on the first main side of the first foil substrate, wherein the respective second contact portion of the contact elements connected to the component terminal pads is connected to a respective one of a multitude of package-externally arranged package terminal pads for electrically contacting the foil-based package, and wherein the foil-based package comprises means for reducing and/or compensating a distance difference between the first foil substrate and the second foil substrate caused by the component thickness. 2. The foil-based package according to claim 1,
wherein the means for reducing and/or compensating the distance difference comprise a cavity implemented in the second foil substrate, wherein the second foil substrate comprises a foil thickness to be measured between its first and second main sides, wherein the cavity extends in the second foil substrate from its first main side to its second main side such that the second foil substrate comprises a reduced foil thickness at this location, and wherein the electronic component is arranged within this cavity. 3. The foil-based package according to claim 1,
wherein the multitude of package terminal pads are arranged at the second main side of the first foil substrate, wherein a galvanic connection is realized between a respective one of the second contact portions and one of the package terminal pads by means of a via extending through the first foil substrate, and wherein the electronic component may be contacted from the outside from the second main side of the first foil substrate. 4. The foil-based package according to claim 1,
resulting in a signal path to be traversed in the following order, wherein said signal path extends starting from one of the multitude of component terminal pads by way of one of the connected first contact portions of a contact element, by way of the connecting portion connecting the respective first and second contact portions of this contact element, by way of the respective second contact portion of the contact element and by way of a galvanic connection connected to the second contact portion and extending through the first foil substrate, up to a package terminal pad connected to this galvanic connection. 5. The foil-based package according to claim 1,
wherein the multitude of package terminal pads are arranged at the second main side of the second foil substrate, wherein a galvanic connection is realized between a respective one of the second contact portions and one of the package terminal pads by means of a via extending through the second foil substrate, and wherein the electronic component may be contacted from the outside from the second main side of the second foil substrate. 6. The foil-based package according to claim 5,
resulting in a signal path to be traversed in the following order, wherein said signal path extends starting from one of the multitude of component terminal pads by way of one of the first contact portions of a contact element, by way of the connecting portion connecting the respective first and second contact portions of this contact element, by way of the respective second contact portion of the contact element and by way of a galvanic connection connected to the second contact portion and extending through the second foil substrate, up to a package terminal pad connected to this galvanic connection. 7. The foil-based package according to claim 2,
wherein the cavity comprises a depth to be measured between the first and second main sides of the second foil substrate, and wherein the depth of the cavity is larger than or equal to the component thickness of the electronic component arranged therein comprising the component terminal pads. 8. The foil-based package according to claim 2,
wherein the foil thickness of the second foil substrate is smaller than or equal to 130 μm, or smaller than or equal to 100 μm, or smaller than or equal to 50 μm, respectively, and wherein the component thickness of the component comprising the component terminal pads is smaller than or equal to 60 μm, or smaller than or equal to 50 μm, or smaller than or equal to 40 μm. 9. The foil-based package according to claim 2,
wherein the first foil substrate comprises a foil thickness to be measured between its first and second main sides, and wherein the reduced foil thickness of the second foil substrate is as large as the foil thickness of the first foil substrate. 10. The foil-based package according to claim 1,
wherein the means for reducing and/or compensating the distance difference comprise at least two spacer elements arranged between the first and second foil substrates and fully extending through a gap between the first main side of the first foil substrate and the first main side of the second foil substrate and configured to create a distance between the first main side of the first foil substrate and the first main side of the second foil substrate. 11. The foil-based package according to claim 10,
wherein the spacer elements are dimensioned such that the distance between the first main side of the first foil substrate and the first main side of the second foil substrate is larger than or equal to the component thickness of the electronic component comprising the component terminal pads. 12. The foil-based package according to claim 10,
wherein the spacer elements comprises a structured material layer arranged between the first and second foil substrates, wherein the material layer comprises a layer thickness to be measured between the first and second foil substrates and defining the distance between the first main side of the first foil substrate and the first main side of the second foil substrate. 13. The foil-based package according to claim 10,
wherein the spacer elements comprise at least one material layer grown by means of additive material addition, wherein this at least one material layer comprises a layer thickness to be measured between the first and second foil substrates and defining the distance between the first main side of the first foil substrate and the first main side of the second foil substrate. 14. The foil-based package according to claim 10,
wherein the spacer elements are galvanically conductive and wherein a respective one of the at least two spacer elements connects a respective one of the second contact portions of a contact element in a galvanically conductive manner to a respective one of the package terminal pads. 15. The foil-based package according to claim 10,
wherein the first foil substrate comprises a foil thickness to be measured between its first and second main sides, and wherein the second foil substrate comprises a foil thickness to be measured between its first and second main sides, wherein the foil thickness of the first foil substrate and the foil thickness of the second foil substrate are each smaller than or equal to 130 μm, or smaller than or equal to 100 μm, or smaller than or equal to 50 μm. 16. The foil-based package according to claim 1,
wherein the means for reducing and/or compensating the distance difference are dimensioned such that, despite the component arranged between the first and second foil substrates, the second main side of the first foil substrate and/or the second main side of the second foil substrate each comprise a flat surface. 17. The foil-based package according to claim 1,
wherein the means for reducing and/or compensating the distance difference are dimensioned such that the first and/or the second foil substrate do not comprise a deformation caused by the component thickness of the component. 18. The foil-based package according to claim 1,
wherein a metallization for electrically shielding the component and/or for heat dissipation of a heat radiation originating from the component is arranged on the second main side of the first foil substrate and/or on the second main side of the second foil substrate respectively opposite to the electronic component. 19. The foil-based package according to claim 1,
wherein the foil-based package comprises an overall thickness to be measured between the second main side of the first foil substrate and the second main side of the second foil substrate, the thickness being smaller than or equal to 250 μm, or smaller than or equal to 150 μm, or smaller than or equal to 80 μm. 20. A method for manufacturing a foil-based package, comprising:
providing a first foil substrate with a first main side and an opposite second main side, wherein a multitude of electrical contact elements are arranged on the first main side, wherein each contact element comprises a first contact portion and a second contact portion arranged laterally spaced apart therefrom, wherein the first and second contact portions of a contact element are galvanically connected to each other by means of a connecting portion, providing a second foil substrate with a first main side and an opposite second main side, introducing a cavity into the second foil substrate such that the cavity extends starting from the first main side towards the second main side of the second foil substrate, providing an electronic component with a first component side and an opposite second component side, wherein a multitude of component terminal pads for electrically contacting the component are arranged on the first component side, and wherein the electronic component comprises a component thickness to be measured between the first and second component sides, and arranging the components on the first main side of the first foil substrate such that at least some of the multitude of component terminal pads are connected to a respective one of the first contact portions of the contact elements, and arranging the first foil substrate on the second foil substrate such that the component is placed into the cavity, and such that the first main side of the first foil substrate and the first main side of the second foil substrate are opposite to each other and cover the electronic component arranged in the cavity on both sides. 21. A method for manufacturing a foil-based package, comprising:
providing a first foil substrate with a first main side and an opposite second main side, wherein a multitude of electrical contact elements are arranged on the first main side, wherein each contact element comprises a first contact portion and a second contact portion arranged laterally spaced apart therefrom, wherein the first and second contact portions of a contact element are galvanically connected to each other by means of a connecting portion, providing a second foil substrate with a first main side and an opposite second main side, arranging at least two spacer elements between the first main side of the first foil substrate and the first main side of the second foil substrate, wherein a first spacer element is connected to one of the second contact portions of one of the contact elements, and wherein a second spacer element is connected to one of the second contact portions of another one of the contact elements, providing an electronic component with a first component side and an opposite second component side, wherein a multitude of component terminal pads for electrically contacting the component are arranged on the first component side, and wherein the electronic component comprises a component thickness to be measured between the first and the second component sides, arranging the component on the first main side of the first foil substrate such that some of the multitude of the component terminal pads are connected to a respective first contact portion of the contact elements arranged on the first main side of the first foil substrate, and arranging the first foil substrate on the second foil substrate such that the first main side of the first foil substrate and the first main side of the second foil substrate are opposite to each other and cover the electronic component on both sides, and such that the spacer elements keep the first main side of the first foil substrate and the first main side of the second foil substrate spaced apart from each other. 22. The method according to claim 20, wherein the method is performed as a reel-to-reel method. 23. The method according to claim 21, wherein the method is performed as a reel-to-reel method. | A foil-based package and a method for manufacturing a foil-based package includes, among other things, a first and a second foil substrate. An electronic component is arranged between the two foil substrates in a sandwich-like manner. Due to the component thickness, there is a distance difference between the two foil substrates between the mounting area of the component and ears outside of the mounting area. The foil-based package and the method provides means for reducing and/or compensating a distance difference between the first foil substrate and the second foil substrate caused by the component thickness.1. A foil-based package, comprising:
a first foil substrate with a first main side and an opposite second main side, wherein a multitude of electrical contact elements are arranged on the first main side, wherein each contact element comprises a first contact portion and a second contact portion laterally spaced apart therefrom, wherein the first and second contact portions of a contact element are galvanically connected to each other by means of a connecting portion, a second foil substrate with a first main side and an opposite second main side, an electronic component with a first component side and an opposite second component side, wherein a multitude of component terminal pads for electrically contacting the component are arranged on the first component side, and wherein the electronic component comprises a component thickness to be measured between the first and second component sides, wherein the first foil substrate and the second foil substrate are arranged on top of each other such that the first main side of the first foil substrate and the first main side of the second foil substrate are opposite to each other, wherein the electronic component is arranged between the first foil substrate and the second foil substrate such that at least some of the multitude of the component terminal pads are connected to a respective one of the first contact portions of the contact elements arranged on the first main side of the first foil substrate, wherein the respective second contact portion of the contact elements connected to the component terminal pads is connected to a respective one of a multitude of package-externally arranged package terminal pads for electrically contacting the foil-based package, and wherein the foil-based package comprises means for reducing and/or compensating a distance difference between the first foil substrate and the second foil substrate caused by the component thickness. 2. The foil-based package according to claim 1,
wherein the means for reducing and/or compensating the distance difference comprise a cavity implemented in the second foil substrate, wherein the second foil substrate comprises a foil thickness to be measured between its first and second main sides, wherein the cavity extends in the second foil substrate from its first main side to its second main side such that the second foil substrate comprises a reduced foil thickness at this location, and wherein the electronic component is arranged within this cavity. 3. The foil-based package according to claim 1,
wherein the multitude of package terminal pads are arranged at the second main side of the first foil substrate, wherein a galvanic connection is realized between a respective one of the second contact portions and one of the package terminal pads by means of a via extending through the first foil substrate, and wherein the electronic component may be contacted from the outside from the second main side of the first foil substrate. 4. The foil-based package according to claim 1,
resulting in a signal path to be traversed in the following order, wherein said signal path extends starting from one of the multitude of component terminal pads by way of one of the connected first contact portions of a contact element, by way of the connecting portion connecting the respective first and second contact portions of this contact element, by way of the respective second contact portion of the contact element and by way of a galvanic connection connected to the second contact portion and extending through the first foil substrate, up to a package terminal pad connected to this galvanic connection. 5. The foil-based package according to claim 1,
wherein the multitude of package terminal pads are arranged at the second main side of the second foil substrate, wherein a galvanic connection is realized between a respective one of the second contact portions and one of the package terminal pads by means of a via extending through the second foil substrate, and wherein the electronic component may be contacted from the outside from the second main side of the second foil substrate. 6. The foil-based package according to claim 5,
resulting in a signal path to be traversed in the following order, wherein said signal path extends starting from one of the multitude of component terminal pads by way of one of the first contact portions of a contact element, by way of the connecting portion connecting the respective first and second contact portions of this contact element, by way of the respective second contact portion of the contact element and by way of a galvanic connection connected to the second contact portion and extending through the second foil substrate, up to a package terminal pad connected to this galvanic connection. 7. The foil-based package according to claim 2,
wherein the cavity comprises a depth to be measured between the first and second main sides of the second foil substrate, and wherein the depth of the cavity is larger than or equal to the component thickness of the electronic component arranged therein comprising the component terminal pads. 8. The foil-based package according to claim 2,
wherein the foil thickness of the second foil substrate is smaller than or equal to 130 μm, or smaller than or equal to 100 μm, or smaller than or equal to 50 μm, respectively, and wherein the component thickness of the component comprising the component terminal pads is smaller than or equal to 60 μm, or smaller than or equal to 50 μm, or smaller than or equal to 40 μm. 9. The foil-based package according to claim 2,
wherein the first foil substrate comprises a foil thickness to be measured between its first and second main sides, and wherein the reduced foil thickness of the second foil substrate is as large as the foil thickness of the first foil substrate. 10. The foil-based package according to claim 1,
wherein the means for reducing and/or compensating the distance difference comprise at least two spacer elements arranged between the first and second foil substrates and fully extending through a gap between the first main side of the first foil substrate and the first main side of the second foil substrate and configured to create a distance between the first main side of the first foil substrate and the first main side of the second foil substrate. 11. The foil-based package according to claim 10,
wherein the spacer elements are dimensioned such that the distance between the first main side of the first foil substrate and the first main side of the second foil substrate is larger than or equal to the component thickness of the electronic component comprising the component terminal pads. 12. The foil-based package according to claim 10,
wherein the spacer elements comprises a structured material layer arranged between the first and second foil substrates, wherein the material layer comprises a layer thickness to be measured between the first and second foil substrates and defining the distance between the first main side of the first foil substrate and the first main side of the second foil substrate. 13. The foil-based package according to claim 10,
wherein the spacer elements comprise at least one material layer grown by means of additive material addition, wherein this at least one material layer comprises a layer thickness to be measured between the first and second foil substrates and defining the distance between the first main side of the first foil substrate and the first main side of the second foil substrate. 14. The foil-based package according to claim 10,
wherein the spacer elements are galvanically conductive and wherein a respective one of the at least two spacer elements connects a respective one of the second contact portions of a contact element in a galvanically conductive manner to a respective one of the package terminal pads. 15. The foil-based package according to claim 10,
wherein the first foil substrate comprises a foil thickness to be measured between its first and second main sides, and wherein the second foil substrate comprises a foil thickness to be measured between its first and second main sides, wherein the foil thickness of the first foil substrate and the foil thickness of the second foil substrate are each smaller than or equal to 130 μm, or smaller than or equal to 100 μm, or smaller than or equal to 50 μm. 16. The foil-based package according to claim 1,
wherein the means for reducing and/or compensating the distance difference are dimensioned such that, despite the component arranged between the first and second foil substrates, the second main side of the first foil substrate and/or the second main side of the second foil substrate each comprise a flat surface. 17. The foil-based package according to claim 1,
wherein the means for reducing and/or compensating the distance difference are dimensioned such that the first and/or the second foil substrate do not comprise a deformation caused by the component thickness of the component. 18. The foil-based package according to claim 1,
wherein a metallization for electrically shielding the component and/or for heat dissipation of a heat radiation originating from the component is arranged on the second main side of the first foil substrate and/or on the second main side of the second foil substrate respectively opposite to the electronic component. 19. The foil-based package according to claim 1,
wherein the foil-based package comprises an overall thickness to be measured between the second main side of the first foil substrate and the second main side of the second foil substrate, the thickness being smaller than or equal to 250 μm, or smaller than or equal to 150 μm, or smaller than or equal to 80 μm. 20. A method for manufacturing a foil-based package, comprising:
providing a first foil substrate with a first main side and an opposite second main side, wherein a multitude of electrical contact elements are arranged on the first main side, wherein each contact element comprises a first contact portion and a second contact portion arranged laterally spaced apart therefrom, wherein the first and second contact portions of a contact element are galvanically connected to each other by means of a connecting portion, providing a second foil substrate with a first main side and an opposite second main side, introducing a cavity into the second foil substrate such that the cavity extends starting from the first main side towards the second main side of the second foil substrate, providing an electronic component with a first component side and an opposite second component side, wherein a multitude of component terminal pads for electrically contacting the component are arranged on the first component side, and wherein the electronic component comprises a component thickness to be measured between the first and second component sides, and arranging the components on the first main side of the first foil substrate such that at least some of the multitude of component terminal pads are connected to a respective one of the first contact portions of the contact elements, and arranging the first foil substrate on the second foil substrate such that the component is placed into the cavity, and such that the first main side of the first foil substrate and the first main side of the second foil substrate are opposite to each other and cover the electronic component arranged in the cavity on both sides. 21. A method for manufacturing a foil-based package, comprising:
providing a first foil substrate with a first main side and an opposite second main side, wherein a multitude of electrical contact elements are arranged on the first main side, wherein each contact element comprises a first contact portion and a second contact portion arranged laterally spaced apart therefrom, wherein the first and second contact portions of a contact element are galvanically connected to each other by means of a connecting portion, providing a second foil substrate with a first main side and an opposite second main side, arranging at least two spacer elements between the first main side of the first foil substrate and the first main side of the second foil substrate, wherein a first spacer element is connected to one of the second contact portions of one of the contact elements, and wherein a second spacer element is connected to one of the second contact portions of another one of the contact elements, providing an electronic component with a first component side and an opposite second component side, wherein a multitude of component terminal pads for electrically contacting the component are arranged on the first component side, and wherein the electronic component comprises a component thickness to be measured between the first and the second component sides, arranging the component on the first main side of the first foil substrate such that some of the multitude of the component terminal pads are connected to a respective first contact portion of the contact elements arranged on the first main side of the first foil substrate, and arranging the first foil substrate on the second foil substrate such that the first main side of the first foil substrate and the first main side of the second foil substrate are opposite to each other and cover the electronic component on both sides, and such that the spacer elements keep the first main side of the first foil substrate and the first main side of the second foil substrate spaced apart from each other. 22. The method according to claim 20, wherein the method is performed as a reel-to-reel method. 23. The method according to claim 21, wherein the method is performed as a reel-to-reel method. | 3,600 |
340,025 | 16,801,002 | 3,685 | A system is described that includes a sputter target and a magnetic element array including multiple sets of magnets arranged to have a Hall-Effect region that extends along a length of the sputter target. The elongated sputtering electrode material tube is interposed between the magnetic array and an object to be deposited with a sputtered material from the sputter target. During a direct current high-power impulse magnetron sputtering operation, the system performs a depositing on a surface of the object by generating and controlling an ion and neutral particle flux by: providing a vacuum apparatus containing a sputter target holder electrode; first generating a high-power pulsed plasma magnetron discharge with a high-current negative direct current (DC) pulse to the sputter a target holder electrode; and second generating a configurable positive voltage kick pulse to the sputter target holder electrode after terminating the negative DC pulse. | 1. A system comprising:
a sputter target; and a magnetic element array including multiple sets of magnets arranged to have a Hall-Effect region that extends along a length of the sputter target; wherein the elongated sputtering electrode material tube is interposed between the magnetic array and an object to be deposited with a sputtered material from the sputter target, wherein, during a direct current high-power impulse magnetron sputtering operation, the system is configured to perform a depositing on a surface of the object by generating and controlling an ion and neutral particle flux by:
providing a vacuum apparatus containing a sputter target holder electrode;
first generating a high-power pulsed plasma magnetron discharge with a high-current negative direct current (DC) pulse to the sputter a target holder electrode; and
second generating a configurable positive voltage kick pulse to the sputter target holder electrode after terminating the negative DC pulse. 2. The system of claim 1 wherein during the second generating, a program processor configured logic circuitry issues a control signal to the positive kick pulse power transistor to control a kick pulse property of the sustained positive voltage kick pulse taken from the group consisting of: onset delay, amplitude and duration. 3. The system of claim 1 wherein the magnetic array and the sputter target relatively rotate along a common lengthwise axis. 4. The system of claim 1 wherein the magnetic element array is physically arranged in a continuous serpentine path. 5. The system of claim 4 wherein the continuous serpentine path comprises a turnaround profile magnetic assembly, wherein the turnaround profile magnet assembly is magnetically tailored to produce a desired plasma density change relative to a centerline of the continuous serpentine path. 6. The system of claim 1 wherein a magnetic path comprises magnetic elements arranged to create a magnetic null near the object for plasma concentration. 7. The system of claim 1 wherein the system is configured to further carry out a continuous hybrid production process including both a layer deposition operation and an etch process operation, wherein the continuous hybrid process is performed:
without removing the object from a chamber within the system, and
by varying a timing and/or an amplitude of a pulse during the first generating operation and/or the second generating operation. 8. The system of claim 7 wherein the operation of the continuous hybrid production process is configurable such that a deposition operation and an etch operation on the object occurs without process stoppage by using the IMPULSE+Positive Kick for performing two or more operations of: a cleaning, etching, mixing, adhesion, and/or layer control. 9. The system of claim 1 wherein the direct current high-power impulse magnetron sputtering operation is synchronized with a bias of the object. 10. The system of claim 1 wherein the object is nuclear fuel. 11. The system of claim 1 wherein the sputter target comprises an elongated sputtering electrode material tube. | A system is described that includes a sputter target and a magnetic element array including multiple sets of magnets arranged to have a Hall-Effect region that extends along a length of the sputter target. The elongated sputtering electrode material tube is interposed between the magnetic array and an object to be deposited with a sputtered material from the sputter target. During a direct current high-power impulse magnetron sputtering operation, the system performs a depositing on a surface of the object by generating and controlling an ion and neutral particle flux by: providing a vacuum apparatus containing a sputter target holder electrode; first generating a high-power pulsed plasma magnetron discharge with a high-current negative direct current (DC) pulse to the sputter a target holder electrode; and second generating a configurable positive voltage kick pulse to the sputter target holder electrode after terminating the negative DC pulse.1. A system comprising:
a sputter target; and a magnetic element array including multiple sets of magnets arranged to have a Hall-Effect region that extends along a length of the sputter target; wherein the elongated sputtering electrode material tube is interposed between the magnetic array and an object to be deposited with a sputtered material from the sputter target, wherein, during a direct current high-power impulse magnetron sputtering operation, the system is configured to perform a depositing on a surface of the object by generating and controlling an ion and neutral particle flux by:
providing a vacuum apparatus containing a sputter target holder electrode;
first generating a high-power pulsed plasma magnetron discharge with a high-current negative direct current (DC) pulse to the sputter a target holder electrode; and
second generating a configurable positive voltage kick pulse to the sputter target holder electrode after terminating the negative DC pulse. 2. The system of claim 1 wherein during the second generating, a program processor configured logic circuitry issues a control signal to the positive kick pulse power transistor to control a kick pulse property of the sustained positive voltage kick pulse taken from the group consisting of: onset delay, amplitude and duration. 3. The system of claim 1 wherein the magnetic array and the sputter target relatively rotate along a common lengthwise axis. 4. The system of claim 1 wherein the magnetic element array is physically arranged in a continuous serpentine path. 5. The system of claim 4 wherein the continuous serpentine path comprises a turnaround profile magnetic assembly, wherein the turnaround profile magnet assembly is magnetically tailored to produce a desired plasma density change relative to a centerline of the continuous serpentine path. 6. The system of claim 1 wherein a magnetic path comprises magnetic elements arranged to create a magnetic null near the object for plasma concentration. 7. The system of claim 1 wherein the system is configured to further carry out a continuous hybrid production process including both a layer deposition operation and an etch process operation, wherein the continuous hybrid process is performed:
without removing the object from a chamber within the system, and
by varying a timing and/or an amplitude of a pulse during the first generating operation and/or the second generating operation. 8. The system of claim 7 wherein the operation of the continuous hybrid production process is configurable such that a deposition operation and an etch operation on the object occurs without process stoppage by using the IMPULSE+Positive Kick for performing two or more operations of: a cleaning, etching, mixing, adhesion, and/or layer control. 9. The system of claim 1 wherein the direct current high-power impulse magnetron sputtering operation is synchronized with a bias of the object. 10. The system of claim 1 wherein the object is nuclear fuel. 11. The system of claim 1 wherein the sputter target comprises an elongated sputtering electrode material tube. | 3,600 |
340,026 | 16,801,034 | 3,685 | A system and a method for operating a data center. The operating comprising executing predictive maintenance of the data center or network monitoring of the data center. The operating being based on a generated machine learning (ML) pipeline, the method comprising accessing data relating to operations of the data center, the data being suitable for evaluating respective performances of the plurality of ML pipelines. The method comprises generating the plurality of ML pipelines, selecting a sub-set of ML pipelines from the plurality of ML pipelines, evolving the sub-set of ML pipelines to generate evolved ML pipelines, selecting a sub-set of evolved ML pipelines from the evolved ML pipelines and iterating until determination is made that iterating is to be stopped. The method also involves operating, by an operation monitoring system of the data center, at least one of the ML pipelines from the sub-set of evolved ML pipelines. | 1. A computer-implemented method for generating a machine learning (ML) pipeline, the method comprising:
(a) generating, from a plurality of ML pipeline primitives, a plurality of ML pipelines each associated with a respective ML pipeline configuration; (b) accessing a dataset comprising data suitable for evaluating respective performances of the plurality of ML pipelines; (c) selecting a sub-set of ML pipelines from the plurality of ML pipelines, the selecting being based on a first set of the data, the first set being a first sub-set of the data and defining a first volume of data, a number of ML pipelines from the sub-set of ML pipelines being less than a number of ML pipelines from the plurality of ML pipelines; (d) evolving the sub-set of ML pipelines to generate evolved ML pipelines; (e) selecting a sub-set of evolved ML pipelines from the evolved ML pipelines, the selecting being based on a second set of the data, the second set being a second sub-set of the data and defining a second volume of data, the second volume being larger than the first volume, a number of ML pipelines from the sub-set of evolved ML pipelines being less than a number of ML pipelines from the evolved ML pipelines; and (f) iterating (d) to (e) until determination is made that iterating (d) to (e) is to be stopped. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the determination that iterating (d) to (e) is to be stopped is based on at least one of the number of ML pipelines from the sub-set of evolved ML pipelines being equal to one (1), performances of the ML pipelines from the sub-set of evolved ML pipelines being equal or superior to a performance threshold required for operations of the datacenter, an amount of time being exceeded or an amount of processing resources being used. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the number of ML pipelines from the sub-set of evolved ML pipelines is half the number of ML pipelines from the evolved ML pipelines and the second volume is twice the first volume. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein evolving the sub-set of ML pipelines to generate evolved ML pipelines comprises one of applying a mutation, applying a crossover or applying a cloning to each ML pipelines of the sub-set of ML pipelines. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein a probability that a mutation is applied is 90% and a probability that a crossover is applied is 10%. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the second sub-set of the data comprises the first sub-set of the data. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the selecting a sub-set of evolved ML pipelines from the evolved ML pipelines comprises scoring each one of the ML pipelines of the evolved ML pipelines and sorting the ML pipelines of the evolved ML pipelines. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the performances of the plurality of ML pipelines and the scoring are based on (1) an accuracy of a ML pipeline and (2) a complexity of the ML pipeline. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the sorting is based on one of non-dominated sorting or crowding distance sorting. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the ML pipeline primitives comprise one of parameters relating to principal component analysis (PCA), parameters relating to polynomial features, parameters relating to combine features and parameters relating to a decision tree. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the ML pipeline comprises one or more of a pre-processing routine, a selection of an algorithm, configuration parameters associated with the algorithm, a training routine of the algorithm on a dataset and/or a trained ML model. 12. A computer-implemented method for operating a data center, the operating comprising executing predictive maintenance of the data center or network monitoring of the data center, the operating being based on a generated machine learning (ML) pipeline, the method comprising:
(a) accessing, from a database, data relating to operations of the data center, the data being suitable for evaluating respective performances of a plurality of ML pipelines; (b) generating, from a plurality of ML pipeline primitives, the plurality of ML pipelines each associated with a respective ML pipeline configuration; (c) selecting a sub-set of ML pipelines from the plurality of ML pipelines, the selecting being based on a first set of the data, the first set being a first sub-set of the data and defining a first volume of data, a number of ML pipelines from the sub-set of ML pipelines being less than a number of ML pipelines from the plurality of ML pipelines; (d) evolving the sub-set of ML pipelines to generate evolved ML pipelines, the evolving the sub-set of ML pipelines to generate evolved ML pipelines comprising one of applying a mutation, applying a crossover or applying a cloning to each ML pipelines of the sub-set of ML pipelines; (e) selecting a sub-set of evolved ML pipelines from the evolved ML pipelines, the selecting being based on a second set of the data, the second set being a second sub-set of the data and defining a second volume of data, the second volume being larger than the first volume, a number of ML pipelines from the sub-set of evolved ML pipelines being less than a number of ML pipelines from the evolved ML pipelines; (f) iterating (d) to (e) until determination is made that iterating (d) to (e) is to be stopped based on at least one of the number of ML pipelines from the sub-set of evolved ML pipelines being equal to one (1), performances of the ML pipelines from the sub-set of evolved ML pipelines being equal or superior to a performance threshold required for operations of the data center, an amount of time being exceeded or an amount of processing resources being used; and (g) operating, by an operation monitoring system of the data center, at least one of the ML pipelines from the sub-set of evolved ML pipelines. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the number of ML pipelines from the sub-set of evolved ML pipelines is half the number of ML pipelines from the evolved ML pipelines and the second volume is twice the first volume. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein a probability that a mutation is applied is 90% and a probability that a crossover is applied is 10%. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein the second sub-set of the data comprises the first sub-set of the data. 16. The method of claim 12, wherein the selecting a sub-set of evolved ML pipelines from the evolved ML pipelines comprises scoring each one of the ML pipelines of the evolved ML pipelines and sorting the ML pipelines of the evolved ML pipelines. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the performances of the plurality of ML pipelines and the scoring are based on (1) an accuracy of a ML pipeline and (2) a complexity of the ML pipeline. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the sorting is based on one of non-dominated sorting or crowding distance sorting. 19. The method of claim 12, wherein the ML pipeline primitives comprise one of parameters relating to principal component analysis (PCA), parameters relating to polynomial features, parameters relating to combine features and parameters relating to a decision tree. 20. A computer-implemented system for generating a machine learning (ML) pipeline, the system comprising:
a processor; a non-transitory computer-readable medium, the non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising control logic which, upon execution by the processor, causes: (a) generating, from a plurality of ML pipeline primitives, a plurality of ML pipelines each associated with a respective ML pipeline configuration; (b) accessing a dataset comprising data suitable for evaluating respective performances of the plurality of ML pipelines; (c) selecting a sub-set of ML pipelines from the plurality of ML pipelines, the selecting being based on a first set of the data, the first set being a first sub-set of the data and defining a first volume of data, a number of ML pipelines from the sub-set of ML pipelines being less than a number of ML pipelines from the plurality of ML pipelines; (d) evolving the sub-set of ML pipelines to generate evolved ML pipelines; (e) selecting a sub-set of evolved ML pipelines from the evolved ML pipelines, the selecting being based on a second set of the data, the second set being a second sub-set of the data and defining a second volume of data, the second volume being larger than the first volume, a number of ML pipelines from the sub-set of evolved ML pipelines being less than a number of ML pipelines from the evolved ML pipelines; and (f) iterating (d) to (e) until determination is made that iterating (d) to (e) is to be stopped. | A system and a method for operating a data center. The operating comprising executing predictive maintenance of the data center or network monitoring of the data center. The operating being based on a generated machine learning (ML) pipeline, the method comprising accessing data relating to operations of the data center, the data being suitable for evaluating respective performances of the plurality of ML pipelines. The method comprises generating the plurality of ML pipelines, selecting a sub-set of ML pipelines from the plurality of ML pipelines, evolving the sub-set of ML pipelines to generate evolved ML pipelines, selecting a sub-set of evolved ML pipelines from the evolved ML pipelines and iterating until determination is made that iterating is to be stopped. The method also involves operating, by an operation monitoring system of the data center, at least one of the ML pipelines from the sub-set of evolved ML pipelines.1. A computer-implemented method for generating a machine learning (ML) pipeline, the method comprising:
(a) generating, from a plurality of ML pipeline primitives, a plurality of ML pipelines each associated with a respective ML pipeline configuration; (b) accessing a dataset comprising data suitable for evaluating respective performances of the plurality of ML pipelines; (c) selecting a sub-set of ML pipelines from the plurality of ML pipelines, the selecting being based on a first set of the data, the first set being a first sub-set of the data and defining a first volume of data, a number of ML pipelines from the sub-set of ML pipelines being less than a number of ML pipelines from the plurality of ML pipelines; (d) evolving the sub-set of ML pipelines to generate evolved ML pipelines; (e) selecting a sub-set of evolved ML pipelines from the evolved ML pipelines, the selecting being based on a second set of the data, the second set being a second sub-set of the data and defining a second volume of data, the second volume being larger than the first volume, a number of ML pipelines from the sub-set of evolved ML pipelines being less than a number of ML pipelines from the evolved ML pipelines; and (f) iterating (d) to (e) until determination is made that iterating (d) to (e) is to be stopped. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the determination that iterating (d) to (e) is to be stopped is based on at least one of the number of ML pipelines from the sub-set of evolved ML pipelines being equal to one (1), performances of the ML pipelines from the sub-set of evolved ML pipelines being equal or superior to a performance threshold required for operations of the datacenter, an amount of time being exceeded or an amount of processing resources being used. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the number of ML pipelines from the sub-set of evolved ML pipelines is half the number of ML pipelines from the evolved ML pipelines and the second volume is twice the first volume. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein evolving the sub-set of ML pipelines to generate evolved ML pipelines comprises one of applying a mutation, applying a crossover or applying a cloning to each ML pipelines of the sub-set of ML pipelines. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein a probability that a mutation is applied is 90% and a probability that a crossover is applied is 10%. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the second sub-set of the data comprises the first sub-set of the data. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the selecting a sub-set of evolved ML pipelines from the evolved ML pipelines comprises scoring each one of the ML pipelines of the evolved ML pipelines and sorting the ML pipelines of the evolved ML pipelines. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the performances of the plurality of ML pipelines and the scoring are based on (1) an accuracy of a ML pipeline and (2) a complexity of the ML pipeline. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the sorting is based on one of non-dominated sorting or crowding distance sorting. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the ML pipeline primitives comprise one of parameters relating to principal component analysis (PCA), parameters relating to polynomial features, parameters relating to combine features and parameters relating to a decision tree. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the ML pipeline comprises one or more of a pre-processing routine, a selection of an algorithm, configuration parameters associated with the algorithm, a training routine of the algorithm on a dataset and/or a trained ML model. 12. A computer-implemented method for operating a data center, the operating comprising executing predictive maintenance of the data center or network monitoring of the data center, the operating being based on a generated machine learning (ML) pipeline, the method comprising:
(a) accessing, from a database, data relating to operations of the data center, the data being suitable for evaluating respective performances of a plurality of ML pipelines; (b) generating, from a plurality of ML pipeline primitives, the plurality of ML pipelines each associated with a respective ML pipeline configuration; (c) selecting a sub-set of ML pipelines from the plurality of ML pipelines, the selecting being based on a first set of the data, the first set being a first sub-set of the data and defining a first volume of data, a number of ML pipelines from the sub-set of ML pipelines being less than a number of ML pipelines from the plurality of ML pipelines; (d) evolving the sub-set of ML pipelines to generate evolved ML pipelines, the evolving the sub-set of ML pipelines to generate evolved ML pipelines comprising one of applying a mutation, applying a crossover or applying a cloning to each ML pipelines of the sub-set of ML pipelines; (e) selecting a sub-set of evolved ML pipelines from the evolved ML pipelines, the selecting being based on a second set of the data, the second set being a second sub-set of the data and defining a second volume of data, the second volume being larger than the first volume, a number of ML pipelines from the sub-set of evolved ML pipelines being less than a number of ML pipelines from the evolved ML pipelines; (f) iterating (d) to (e) until determination is made that iterating (d) to (e) is to be stopped based on at least one of the number of ML pipelines from the sub-set of evolved ML pipelines being equal to one (1), performances of the ML pipelines from the sub-set of evolved ML pipelines being equal or superior to a performance threshold required for operations of the data center, an amount of time being exceeded or an amount of processing resources being used; and (g) operating, by an operation monitoring system of the data center, at least one of the ML pipelines from the sub-set of evolved ML pipelines. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the number of ML pipelines from the sub-set of evolved ML pipelines is half the number of ML pipelines from the evolved ML pipelines and the second volume is twice the first volume. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein a probability that a mutation is applied is 90% and a probability that a crossover is applied is 10%. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein the second sub-set of the data comprises the first sub-set of the data. 16. The method of claim 12, wherein the selecting a sub-set of evolved ML pipelines from the evolved ML pipelines comprises scoring each one of the ML pipelines of the evolved ML pipelines and sorting the ML pipelines of the evolved ML pipelines. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the performances of the plurality of ML pipelines and the scoring are based on (1) an accuracy of a ML pipeline and (2) a complexity of the ML pipeline. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the sorting is based on one of non-dominated sorting or crowding distance sorting. 19. The method of claim 12, wherein the ML pipeline primitives comprise one of parameters relating to principal component analysis (PCA), parameters relating to polynomial features, parameters relating to combine features and parameters relating to a decision tree. 20. A computer-implemented system for generating a machine learning (ML) pipeline, the system comprising:
a processor; a non-transitory computer-readable medium, the non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising control logic which, upon execution by the processor, causes: (a) generating, from a plurality of ML pipeline primitives, a plurality of ML pipelines each associated with a respective ML pipeline configuration; (b) accessing a dataset comprising data suitable for evaluating respective performances of the plurality of ML pipelines; (c) selecting a sub-set of ML pipelines from the plurality of ML pipelines, the selecting being based on a first set of the data, the first set being a first sub-set of the data and defining a first volume of data, a number of ML pipelines from the sub-set of ML pipelines being less than a number of ML pipelines from the plurality of ML pipelines; (d) evolving the sub-set of ML pipelines to generate evolved ML pipelines; (e) selecting a sub-set of evolved ML pipelines from the evolved ML pipelines, the selecting being based on a second set of the data, the second set being a second sub-set of the data and defining a second volume of data, the second volume being larger than the first volume, a number of ML pipelines from the sub-set of evolved ML pipelines being less than a number of ML pipelines from the evolved ML pipelines; and (f) iterating (d) to (e) until determination is made that iterating (d) to (e) is to be stopped. | 3,600 |
340,027 | 16,800,999 | 3,685 | A system and a method for operating a data center. The operating comprising executing predictive maintenance of the data center or network monitoring of the data center. The operating being based on a generated machine learning (ML) pipeline, the method comprising accessing data relating to operations of the data center, the data being suitable for evaluating respective performances of the plurality of ML pipelines. The method comprises generating the plurality of ML pipelines, selecting a sub-set of ML pipelines from the plurality of ML pipelines, evolving the sub-set of ML pipelines to generate evolved ML pipelines, selecting a sub-set of evolved ML pipelines from the evolved ML pipelines and iterating until determination is made that iterating is to be stopped. The method also involves operating, by an operation monitoring system of the data center, at least one of the ML pipelines from the sub-set of evolved ML pipelines. | 1. A computer-implemented method for generating a machine learning (ML) pipeline, the method comprising:
(a) generating, from a plurality of ML pipeline primitives, a plurality of ML pipelines each associated with a respective ML pipeline configuration; (b) accessing a dataset comprising data suitable for evaluating respective performances of the plurality of ML pipelines; (c) selecting a sub-set of ML pipelines from the plurality of ML pipelines, the selecting being based on a first set of the data, the first set being a first sub-set of the data and defining a first volume of data, a number of ML pipelines from the sub-set of ML pipelines being less than a number of ML pipelines from the plurality of ML pipelines; (d) evolving the sub-set of ML pipelines to generate evolved ML pipelines; (e) selecting a sub-set of evolved ML pipelines from the evolved ML pipelines, the selecting being based on a second set of the data, the second set being a second sub-set of the data and defining a second volume of data, the second volume being larger than the first volume, a number of ML pipelines from the sub-set of evolved ML pipelines being less than a number of ML pipelines from the evolved ML pipelines; and (f) iterating (d) to (e) until determination is made that iterating (d) to (e) is to be stopped. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the determination that iterating (d) to (e) is to be stopped is based on at least one of the number of ML pipelines from the sub-set of evolved ML pipelines being equal to one (1), performances of the ML pipelines from the sub-set of evolved ML pipelines being equal or superior to a performance threshold required for operations of the datacenter, an amount of time being exceeded or an amount of processing resources being used. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the number of ML pipelines from the sub-set of evolved ML pipelines is half the number of ML pipelines from the evolved ML pipelines and the second volume is twice the first volume. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein evolving the sub-set of ML pipelines to generate evolved ML pipelines comprises one of applying a mutation, applying a crossover or applying a cloning to each ML pipelines of the sub-set of ML pipelines. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein a probability that a mutation is applied is 90% and a probability that a crossover is applied is 10%. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the second sub-set of the data comprises the first sub-set of the data. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the selecting a sub-set of evolved ML pipelines from the evolved ML pipelines comprises scoring each one of the ML pipelines of the evolved ML pipelines and sorting the ML pipelines of the evolved ML pipelines. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the performances of the plurality of ML pipelines and the scoring are based on (1) an accuracy of a ML pipeline and (2) a complexity of the ML pipeline. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the sorting is based on one of non-dominated sorting or crowding distance sorting. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the ML pipeline primitives comprise one of parameters relating to principal component analysis (PCA), parameters relating to polynomial features, parameters relating to combine features and parameters relating to a decision tree. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the ML pipeline comprises one or more of a pre-processing routine, a selection of an algorithm, configuration parameters associated with the algorithm, a training routine of the algorithm on a dataset and/or a trained ML model. 12. A computer-implemented method for operating a data center, the operating comprising executing predictive maintenance of the data center or network monitoring of the data center, the operating being based on a generated machine learning (ML) pipeline, the method comprising:
(a) accessing, from a database, data relating to operations of the data center, the data being suitable for evaluating respective performances of a plurality of ML pipelines; (b) generating, from a plurality of ML pipeline primitives, the plurality of ML pipelines each associated with a respective ML pipeline configuration; (c) selecting a sub-set of ML pipelines from the plurality of ML pipelines, the selecting being based on a first set of the data, the first set being a first sub-set of the data and defining a first volume of data, a number of ML pipelines from the sub-set of ML pipelines being less than a number of ML pipelines from the plurality of ML pipelines; (d) evolving the sub-set of ML pipelines to generate evolved ML pipelines, the evolving the sub-set of ML pipelines to generate evolved ML pipelines comprising one of applying a mutation, applying a crossover or applying a cloning to each ML pipelines of the sub-set of ML pipelines; (e) selecting a sub-set of evolved ML pipelines from the evolved ML pipelines, the selecting being based on a second set of the data, the second set being a second sub-set of the data and defining a second volume of data, the second volume being larger than the first volume, a number of ML pipelines from the sub-set of evolved ML pipelines being less than a number of ML pipelines from the evolved ML pipelines; (f) iterating (d) to (e) until determination is made that iterating (d) to (e) is to be stopped based on at least one of the number of ML pipelines from the sub-set of evolved ML pipelines being equal to one (1), performances of the ML pipelines from the sub-set of evolved ML pipelines being equal or superior to a performance threshold required for operations of the data center, an amount of time being exceeded or an amount of processing resources being used; and (g) operating, by an operation monitoring system of the data center, at least one of the ML pipelines from the sub-set of evolved ML pipelines. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the number of ML pipelines from the sub-set of evolved ML pipelines is half the number of ML pipelines from the evolved ML pipelines and the second volume is twice the first volume. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein a probability that a mutation is applied is 90% and a probability that a crossover is applied is 10%. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein the second sub-set of the data comprises the first sub-set of the data. 16. The method of claim 12, wherein the selecting a sub-set of evolved ML pipelines from the evolved ML pipelines comprises scoring each one of the ML pipelines of the evolved ML pipelines and sorting the ML pipelines of the evolved ML pipelines. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the performances of the plurality of ML pipelines and the scoring are based on (1) an accuracy of a ML pipeline and (2) a complexity of the ML pipeline. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the sorting is based on one of non-dominated sorting or crowding distance sorting. 19. The method of claim 12, wherein the ML pipeline primitives comprise one of parameters relating to principal component analysis (PCA), parameters relating to polynomial features, parameters relating to combine features and parameters relating to a decision tree. 20. A computer-implemented system for generating a machine learning (ML) pipeline, the system comprising:
a processor; a non-transitory computer-readable medium, the non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising control logic which, upon execution by the processor, causes: (a) generating, from a plurality of ML pipeline primitives, a plurality of ML pipelines each associated with a respective ML pipeline configuration; (b) accessing a dataset comprising data suitable for evaluating respective performances of the plurality of ML pipelines; (c) selecting a sub-set of ML pipelines from the plurality of ML pipelines, the selecting being based on a first set of the data, the first set being a first sub-set of the data and defining a first volume of data, a number of ML pipelines from the sub-set of ML pipelines being less than a number of ML pipelines from the plurality of ML pipelines; (d) evolving the sub-set of ML pipelines to generate evolved ML pipelines; (e) selecting a sub-set of evolved ML pipelines from the evolved ML pipelines, the selecting being based on a second set of the data, the second set being a second sub-set of the data and defining a second volume of data, the second volume being larger than the first volume, a number of ML pipelines from the sub-set of evolved ML pipelines being less than a number of ML pipelines from the evolved ML pipelines; and (f) iterating (d) to (e) until determination is made that iterating (d) to (e) is to be stopped. | A system and a method for operating a data center. The operating comprising executing predictive maintenance of the data center or network monitoring of the data center. The operating being based on a generated machine learning (ML) pipeline, the method comprising accessing data relating to operations of the data center, the data being suitable for evaluating respective performances of the plurality of ML pipelines. The method comprises generating the plurality of ML pipelines, selecting a sub-set of ML pipelines from the plurality of ML pipelines, evolving the sub-set of ML pipelines to generate evolved ML pipelines, selecting a sub-set of evolved ML pipelines from the evolved ML pipelines and iterating until determination is made that iterating is to be stopped. The method also involves operating, by an operation monitoring system of the data center, at least one of the ML pipelines from the sub-set of evolved ML pipelines.1. A computer-implemented method for generating a machine learning (ML) pipeline, the method comprising:
(a) generating, from a plurality of ML pipeline primitives, a plurality of ML pipelines each associated with a respective ML pipeline configuration; (b) accessing a dataset comprising data suitable for evaluating respective performances of the plurality of ML pipelines; (c) selecting a sub-set of ML pipelines from the plurality of ML pipelines, the selecting being based on a first set of the data, the first set being a first sub-set of the data and defining a first volume of data, a number of ML pipelines from the sub-set of ML pipelines being less than a number of ML pipelines from the plurality of ML pipelines; (d) evolving the sub-set of ML pipelines to generate evolved ML pipelines; (e) selecting a sub-set of evolved ML pipelines from the evolved ML pipelines, the selecting being based on a second set of the data, the second set being a second sub-set of the data and defining a second volume of data, the second volume being larger than the first volume, a number of ML pipelines from the sub-set of evolved ML pipelines being less than a number of ML pipelines from the evolved ML pipelines; and (f) iterating (d) to (e) until determination is made that iterating (d) to (e) is to be stopped. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the determination that iterating (d) to (e) is to be stopped is based on at least one of the number of ML pipelines from the sub-set of evolved ML pipelines being equal to one (1), performances of the ML pipelines from the sub-set of evolved ML pipelines being equal or superior to a performance threshold required for operations of the datacenter, an amount of time being exceeded or an amount of processing resources being used. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the number of ML pipelines from the sub-set of evolved ML pipelines is half the number of ML pipelines from the evolved ML pipelines and the second volume is twice the first volume. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein evolving the sub-set of ML pipelines to generate evolved ML pipelines comprises one of applying a mutation, applying a crossover or applying a cloning to each ML pipelines of the sub-set of ML pipelines. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein a probability that a mutation is applied is 90% and a probability that a crossover is applied is 10%. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the second sub-set of the data comprises the first sub-set of the data. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the selecting a sub-set of evolved ML pipelines from the evolved ML pipelines comprises scoring each one of the ML pipelines of the evolved ML pipelines and sorting the ML pipelines of the evolved ML pipelines. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the performances of the plurality of ML pipelines and the scoring are based on (1) an accuracy of a ML pipeline and (2) a complexity of the ML pipeline. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the sorting is based on one of non-dominated sorting or crowding distance sorting. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the ML pipeline primitives comprise one of parameters relating to principal component analysis (PCA), parameters relating to polynomial features, parameters relating to combine features and parameters relating to a decision tree. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the ML pipeline comprises one or more of a pre-processing routine, a selection of an algorithm, configuration parameters associated with the algorithm, a training routine of the algorithm on a dataset and/or a trained ML model. 12. A computer-implemented method for operating a data center, the operating comprising executing predictive maintenance of the data center or network monitoring of the data center, the operating being based on a generated machine learning (ML) pipeline, the method comprising:
(a) accessing, from a database, data relating to operations of the data center, the data being suitable for evaluating respective performances of a plurality of ML pipelines; (b) generating, from a plurality of ML pipeline primitives, the plurality of ML pipelines each associated with a respective ML pipeline configuration; (c) selecting a sub-set of ML pipelines from the plurality of ML pipelines, the selecting being based on a first set of the data, the first set being a first sub-set of the data and defining a first volume of data, a number of ML pipelines from the sub-set of ML pipelines being less than a number of ML pipelines from the plurality of ML pipelines; (d) evolving the sub-set of ML pipelines to generate evolved ML pipelines, the evolving the sub-set of ML pipelines to generate evolved ML pipelines comprising one of applying a mutation, applying a crossover or applying a cloning to each ML pipelines of the sub-set of ML pipelines; (e) selecting a sub-set of evolved ML pipelines from the evolved ML pipelines, the selecting being based on a second set of the data, the second set being a second sub-set of the data and defining a second volume of data, the second volume being larger than the first volume, a number of ML pipelines from the sub-set of evolved ML pipelines being less than a number of ML pipelines from the evolved ML pipelines; (f) iterating (d) to (e) until determination is made that iterating (d) to (e) is to be stopped based on at least one of the number of ML pipelines from the sub-set of evolved ML pipelines being equal to one (1), performances of the ML pipelines from the sub-set of evolved ML pipelines being equal or superior to a performance threshold required for operations of the data center, an amount of time being exceeded or an amount of processing resources being used; and (g) operating, by an operation monitoring system of the data center, at least one of the ML pipelines from the sub-set of evolved ML pipelines. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the number of ML pipelines from the sub-set of evolved ML pipelines is half the number of ML pipelines from the evolved ML pipelines and the second volume is twice the first volume. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein a probability that a mutation is applied is 90% and a probability that a crossover is applied is 10%. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein the second sub-set of the data comprises the first sub-set of the data. 16. The method of claim 12, wherein the selecting a sub-set of evolved ML pipelines from the evolved ML pipelines comprises scoring each one of the ML pipelines of the evolved ML pipelines and sorting the ML pipelines of the evolved ML pipelines. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the performances of the plurality of ML pipelines and the scoring are based on (1) an accuracy of a ML pipeline and (2) a complexity of the ML pipeline. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the sorting is based on one of non-dominated sorting or crowding distance sorting. 19. The method of claim 12, wherein the ML pipeline primitives comprise one of parameters relating to principal component analysis (PCA), parameters relating to polynomial features, parameters relating to combine features and parameters relating to a decision tree. 20. A computer-implemented system for generating a machine learning (ML) pipeline, the system comprising:
a processor; a non-transitory computer-readable medium, the non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising control logic which, upon execution by the processor, causes: (a) generating, from a plurality of ML pipeline primitives, a plurality of ML pipelines each associated with a respective ML pipeline configuration; (b) accessing a dataset comprising data suitable for evaluating respective performances of the plurality of ML pipelines; (c) selecting a sub-set of ML pipelines from the plurality of ML pipelines, the selecting being based on a first set of the data, the first set being a first sub-set of the data and defining a first volume of data, a number of ML pipelines from the sub-set of ML pipelines being less than a number of ML pipelines from the plurality of ML pipelines; (d) evolving the sub-set of ML pipelines to generate evolved ML pipelines; (e) selecting a sub-set of evolved ML pipelines from the evolved ML pipelines, the selecting being based on a second set of the data, the second set being a second sub-set of the data and defining a second volume of data, the second volume being larger than the first volume, a number of ML pipelines from the sub-set of evolved ML pipelines being less than a number of ML pipelines from the evolved ML pipelines; and (f) iterating (d) to (e) until determination is made that iterating (d) to (e) is to be stopped. | 3,600 |
340,028 | 16,801,023 | 3,685 | A power semiconductor package comprises a lead frame, a low side field-effect transistor (FET), a high side FET, a capacitor, a resistor, an inductor assembly, a first plurality of bonding wires, and a molding encapsulation. In one example, an entirety of the inductor assembly is disposed at a position higher than an entirety of the low side FET, higher than an entirety of the high side FET, and higher than an entirety of the first plurality of bonding wires. In another example, a bottom surface of the low side FET and a bottom surface of the inductor assembly are co-planar. | 1. A power semiconductor package comprising:
a lead frame comprising
a first die paddle;
a second die paddle;
a first end paddle; and
a second end paddle, wherein the first end paddle and the second end paddle being disposed higher than the first die paddle and the second die paddle;
a low side field-effect transistor (FET) having a bottom surface drain electrode attached to the first die paddle, the low side FET comprising a source electrode and a gate electrode on a top surface of the low side FET; a high side FET having a bottom surface drain electrode attached to the second die paddle, the high side FET comprising a source electrode and a gate electrode on a top surface of the high side FET; a first plurality of bonding wires connecting the top surface source electrode of the high side FET to the first die paddle; an inductor assembly comprising a first terminal and a second terminal, the first terminal stack on the first end paddle and the second terminal stack on the second end paddle; a first lead connecting to the first end paddle; and a second lead connecting to the second end paddle; and a molding encapsulation enclosing the low side FET, the high side FET, the first plurality of bonding wires, the inductor assembly, a majority portion of the first lead, a majority portion of the second lead, and a majority portion of the lead frame. 2. The power semiconductor package of claim 1, wherein the first lead comprising a first elevated section above the first die paddle and the second die paddle, the second lead comprising a second elevated section above the first die paddle and the second die paddle; wherein at least a portion of the first elevated section forms the first end paddle and at least a portion of the second elevated section forms the second end paddle. 3. The power semiconductor package of claim 2, wherein the first elevated section of the first lead is electrically and mechanically connected to the inductor assembly by a first conductive material; and wherein the second elevated section of the second lead is electrically and mechanically connected to the inductor assembly by a second conductive material. 4. The power semiconductor package of claim 3, wherein each of the first conductive material and the second conductive material comprises a powder metallurgy material. 5. The power semiconductor package of claim 3, wherein each of the first conductive material and the second conductive material comprises an elastomer material. 6. The power semiconductor package of claim 3, wherein a bottom surface of the lead frame is exposed from the molding encapsulation. 7. The power semiconductor package of claim 3 further comprising an integrated circuit (IC) mounted on the second die paddle, wherein a second plurality of bonding wires connect the IC to a plurality of leads of the lead frame. 8. The power semiconductor package of claim 7, wherein the molding encapsulation encloses the IC. 9. A power semiconductor package comprising:
a lead frame comprising
a first die paddle;
a second die paddle; and
a first end paddle;
a low side field-effect transistor (FET) having a bottom surface drain electrode attached to the first die paddle, the low side FET comprising a source electrode and a gate electrode on a top surface of the low side FET; a high side FET having a bottom surface drain electrode attached to the second die paddle, the high side FET comprising a source electrode and a gate electrode on a top surface of the high side FET; a first plurality of bonding wires connecting the source electrode of the high side FET to the first die paddle; an inductor assembly, a first terminal of the inductor assembly being attached to the second die paddle, and a second terminal of the inductor assembly being attached to the first end paddle; and a molding encapsulation enclosing the low side FET, the high side FET, the first plurality of bonding wires, the inductor assembly, and a majority portion of the lead frame. 10. The power semiconductor package of claim 9, wherein a bottom surface of the low side FET and a bottom surface of the inductor assembly are co-planar. 11. The power semiconductor package of claim 9, wherein the first terminal of the inductor assembly is electrically and mechanically connected to the first die paddle by a first conductive material; and wherein the second terminal of the inductor assembly is electrically and mechanically connected to the first end paddle by a second conductive material. 12. The power semiconductor package of claim 11, wherein each of the first conductive material and the second conductive material comprises a powder metallurgy material. 13. The power semiconductor package of claim 11, wherein each of the first conductive material and the second conductive material comprises an elastomer material. 14. The power semiconductor package of claim 11, wherein a bottom surface of the lead frame is exposed from the molding encapsulation. 15. The power semiconductor package of claim 11, further comprising an integrated circuit (IC) mounted on the first die paddle, wherein a second plurality of bonding wires connect the IC to a plurality of leads of the lead frame. 16. The power semiconductor package of claim 15, wherein the molding encapsulation encloses the IC. | A power semiconductor package comprises a lead frame, a low side field-effect transistor (FET), a high side FET, a capacitor, a resistor, an inductor assembly, a first plurality of bonding wires, and a molding encapsulation. In one example, an entirety of the inductor assembly is disposed at a position higher than an entirety of the low side FET, higher than an entirety of the high side FET, and higher than an entirety of the first plurality of bonding wires. In another example, a bottom surface of the low side FET and a bottom surface of the inductor assembly are co-planar.1. A power semiconductor package comprising:
a lead frame comprising
a first die paddle;
a second die paddle;
a first end paddle; and
a second end paddle, wherein the first end paddle and the second end paddle being disposed higher than the first die paddle and the second die paddle;
a low side field-effect transistor (FET) having a bottom surface drain electrode attached to the first die paddle, the low side FET comprising a source electrode and a gate electrode on a top surface of the low side FET; a high side FET having a bottom surface drain electrode attached to the second die paddle, the high side FET comprising a source electrode and a gate electrode on a top surface of the high side FET; a first plurality of bonding wires connecting the top surface source electrode of the high side FET to the first die paddle; an inductor assembly comprising a first terminal and a second terminal, the first terminal stack on the first end paddle and the second terminal stack on the second end paddle; a first lead connecting to the first end paddle; and a second lead connecting to the second end paddle; and a molding encapsulation enclosing the low side FET, the high side FET, the first plurality of bonding wires, the inductor assembly, a majority portion of the first lead, a majority portion of the second lead, and a majority portion of the lead frame. 2. The power semiconductor package of claim 1, wherein the first lead comprising a first elevated section above the first die paddle and the second die paddle, the second lead comprising a second elevated section above the first die paddle and the second die paddle; wherein at least a portion of the first elevated section forms the first end paddle and at least a portion of the second elevated section forms the second end paddle. 3. The power semiconductor package of claim 2, wherein the first elevated section of the first lead is electrically and mechanically connected to the inductor assembly by a first conductive material; and wherein the second elevated section of the second lead is electrically and mechanically connected to the inductor assembly by a second conductive material. 4. The power semiconductor package of claim 3, wherein each of the first conductive material and the second conductive material comprises a powder metallurgy material. 5. The power semiconductor package of claim 3, wherein each of the first conductive material and the second conductive material comprises an elastomer material. 6. The power semiconductor package of claim 3, wherein a bottom surface of the lead frame is exposed from the molding encapsulation. 7. The power semiconductor package of claim 3 further comprising an integrated circuit (IC) mounted on the second die paddle, wherein a second plurality of bonding wires connect the IC to a plurality of leads of the lead frame. 8. The power semiconductor package of claim 7, wherein the molding encapsulation encloses the IC. 9. A power semiconductor package comprising:
a lead frame comprising
a first die paddle;
a second die paddle; and
a first end paddle;
a low side field-effect transistor (FET) having a bottom surface drain electrode attached to the first die paddle, the low side FET comprising a source electrode and a gate electrode on a top surface of the low side FET; a high side FET having a bottom surface drain electrode attached to the second die paddle, the high side FET comprising a source electrode and a gate electrode on a top surface of the high side FET; a first plurality of bonding wires connecting the source electrode of the high side FET to the first die paddle; an inductor assembly, a first terminal of the inductor assembly being attached to the second die paddle, and a second terminal of the inductor assembly being attached to the first end paddle; and a molding encapsulation enclosing the low side FET, the high side FET, the first plurality of bonding wires, the inductor assembly, and a majority portion of the lead frame. 10. The power semiconductor package of claim 9, wherein a bottom surface of the low side FET and a bottom surface of the inductor assembly are co-planar. 11. The power semiconductor package of claim 9, wherein the first terminal of the inductor assembly is electrically and mechanically connected to the first die paddle by a first conductive material; and wherein the second terminal of the inductor assembly is electrically and mechanically connected to the first end paddle by a second conductive material. 12. The power semiconductor package of claim 11, wherein each of the first conductive material and the second conductive material comprises a powder metallurgy material. 13. The power semiconductor package of claim 11, wherein each of the first conductive material and the second conductive material comprises an elastomer material. 14. The power semiconductor package of claim 11, wherein a bottom surface of the lead frame is exposed from the molding encapsulation. 15. The power semiconductor package of claim 11, further comprising an integrated circuit (IC) mounted on the first die paddle, wherein a second plurality of bonding wires connect the IC to a plurality of leads of the lead frame. 16. The power semiconductor package of claim 15, wherein the molding encapsulation encloses the IC. | 3,600 |
340,029 | 16,801,024 | 3,631 | A power semiconductor package comprises a lead frame, a low side field-effect transistor (FET), a high side FET, a capacitor, a resistor, an inductor assembly, a first plurality of bonding wires, and a molding encapsulation. In one example, an entirety of the inductor assembly is disposed at a position higher than an entirety of the low side FET, higher than an entirety of the high side FET, and higher than an entirety of the first plurality of bonding wires. In another example, a bottom surface of the low side FET and a bottom surface of the inductor assembly are co-planar. | 1. A power semiconductor package comprising:
a lead frame comprising
a first die paddle;
a second die paddle;
a first end paddle; and
a second end paddle, wherein the first end paddle and the second end paddle being disposed higher than the first die paddle and the second die paddle;
a low side field-effect transistor (FET) having a bottom surface drain electrode attached to the first die paddle, the low side FET comprising a source electrode and a gate electrode on a top surface of the low side FET; a high side FET having a bottom surface drain electrode attached to the second die paddle, the high side FET comprising a source electrode and a gate electrode on a top surface of the high side FET; a first plurality of bonding wires connecting the top surface source electrode of the high side FET to the first die paddle; an inductor assembly comprising a first terminal and a second terminal, the first terminal stack on the first end paddle and the second terminal stack on the second end paddle; a first lead connecting to the first end paddle; and a second lead connecting to the second end paddle; and a molding encapsulation enclosing the low side FET, the high side FET, the first plurality of bonding wires, the inductor assembly, a majority portion of the first lead, a majority portion of the second lead, and a majority portion of the lead frame. 2. The power semiconductor package of claim 1, wherein the first lead comprising a first elevated section above the first die paddle and the second die paddle, the second lead comprising a second elevated section above the first die paddle and the second die paddle; wherein at least a portion of the first elevated section forms the first end paddle and at least a portion of the second elevated section forms the second end paddle. 3. The power semiconductor package of claim 2, wherein the first elevated section of the first lead is electrically and mechanically connected to the inductor assembly by a first conductive material; and wherein the second elevated section of the second lead is electrically and mechanically connected to the inductor assembly by a second conductive material. 4. The power semiconductor package of claim 3, wherein each of the first conductive material and the second conductive material comprises a powder metallurgy material. 5. The power semiconductor package of claim 3, wherein each of the first conductive material and the second conductive material comprises an elastomer material. 6. The power semiconductor package of claim 3, wherein a bottom surface of the lead frame is exposed from the molding encapsulation. 7. The power semiconductor package of claim 3 further comprising an integrated circuit (IC) mounted on the second die paddle, wherein a second plurality of bonding wires connect the IC to a plurality of leads of the lead frame. 8. The power semiconductor package of claim 7, wherein the molding encapsulation encloses the IC. 9. A power semiconductor package comprising:
a lead frame comprising
a first die paddle;
a second die paddle; and
a first end paddle;
a low side field-effect transistor (FET) having a bottom surface drain electrode attached to the first die paddle, the low side FET comprising a source electrode and a gate electrode on a top surface of the low side FET; a high side FET having a bottom surface drain electrode attached to the second die paddle, the high side FET comprising a source electrode and a gate electrode on a top surface of the high side FET; a first plurality of bonding wires connecting the source electrode of the high side FET to the first die paddle; an inductor assembly, a first terminal of the inductor assembly being attached to the second die paddle, and a second terminal of the inductor assembly being attached to the first end paddle; and a molding encapsulation enclosing the low side FET, the high side FET, the first plurality of bonding wires, the inductor assembly, and a majority portion of the lead frame. 10. The power semiconductor package of claim 9, wherein a bottom surface of the low side FET and a bottom surface of the inductor assembly are co-planar. 11. The power semiconductor package of claim 9, wherein the first terminal of the inductor assembly is electrically and mechanically connected to the first die paddle by a first conductive material; and wherein the second terminal of the inductor assembly is electrically and mechanically connected to the first end paddle by a second conductive material. 12. The power semiconductor package of claim 11, wherein each of the first conductive material and the second conductive material comprises a powder metallurgy material. 13. The power semiconductor package of claim 11, wherein each of the first conductive material and the second conductive material comprises an elastomer material. 14. The power semiconductor package of claim 11, wherein a bottom surface of the lead frame is exposed from the molding encapsulation. 15. The power semiconductor package of claim 11, further comprising an integrated circuit (IC) mounted on the first die paddle, wherein a second plurality of bonding wires connect the IC to a plurality of leads of the lead frame. 16. The power semiconductor package of claim 15, wherein the molding encapsulation encloses the IC. | A power semiconductor package comprises a lead frame, a low side field-effect transistor (FET), a high side FET, a capacitor, a resistor, an inductor assembly, a first plurality of bonding wires, and a molding encapsulation. In one example, an entirety of the inductor assembly is disposed at a position higher than an entirety of the low side FET, higher than an entirety of the high side FET, and higher than an entirety of the first plurality of bonding wires. In another example, a bottom surface of the low side FET and a bottom surface of the inductor assembly are co-planar.1. A power semiconductor package comprising:
a lead frame comprising
a first die paddle;
a second die paddle;
a first end paddle; and
a second end paddle, wherein the first end paddle and the second end paddle being disposed higher than the first die paddle and the second die paddle;
a low side field-effect transistor (FET) having a bottom surface drain electrode attached to the first die paddle, the low side FET comprising a source electrode and a gate electrode on a top surface of the low side FET; a high side FET having a bottom surface drain electrode attached to the second die paddle, the high side FET comprising a source electrode and a gate electrode on a top surface of the high side FET; a first plurality of bonding wires connecting the top surface source electrode of the high side FET to the first die paddle; an inductor assembly comprising a first terminal and a second terminal, the first terminal stack on the first end paddle and the second terminal stack on the second end paddle; a first lead connecting to the first end paddle; and a second lead connecting to the second end paddle; and a molding encapsulation enclosing the low side FET, the high side FET, the first plurality of bonding wires, the inductor assembly, a majority portion of the first lead, a majority portion of the second lead, and a majority portion of the lead frame. 2. The power semiconductor package of claim 1, wherein the first lead comprising a first elevated section above the first die paddle and the second die paddle, the second lead comprising a second elevated section above the first die paddle and the second die paddle; wherein at least a portion of the first elevated section forms the first end paddle and at least a portion of the second elevated section forms the second end paddle. 3. The power semiconductor package of claim 2, wherein the first elevated section of the first lead is electrically and mechanically connected to the inductor assembly by a first conductive material; and wherein the second elevated section of the second lead is electrically and mechanically connected to the inductor assembly by a second conductive material. 4. The power semiconductor package of claim 3, wherein each of the first conductive material and the second conductive material comprises a powder metallurgy material. 5. The power semiconductor package of claim 3, wherein each of the first conductive material and the second conductive material comprises an elastomer material. 6. The power semiconductor package of claim 3, wherein a bottom surface of the lead frame is exposed from the molding encapsulation. 7. The power semiconductor package of claim 3 further comprising an integrated circuit (IC) mounted on the second die paddle, wherein a second plurality of bonding wires connect the IC to a plurality of leads of the lead frame. 8. The power semiconductor package of claim 7, wherein the molding encapsulation encloses the IC. 9. A power semiconductor package comprising:
a lead frame comprising
a first die paddle;
a second die paddle; and
a first end paddle;
a low side field-effect transistor (FET) having a bottom surface drain electrode attached to the first die paddle, the low side FET comprising a source electrode and a gate electrode on a top surface of the low side FET; a high side FET having a bottom surface drain electrode attached to the second die paddle, the high side FET comprising a source electrode and a gate electrode on a top surface of the high side FET; a first plurality of bonding wires connecting the source electrode of the high side FET to the first die paddle; an inductor assembly, a first terminal of the inductor assembly being attached to the second die paddle, and a second terminal of the inductor assembly being attached to the first end paddle; and a molding encapsulation enclosing the low side FET, the high side FET, the first plurality of bonding wires, the inductor assembly, and a majority portion of the lead frame. 10. The power semiconductor package of claim 9, wherein a bottom surface of the low side FET and a bottom surface of the inductor assembly are co-planar. 11. The power semiconductor package of claim 9, wherein the first terminal of the inductor assembly is electrically and mechanically connected to the first die paddle by a first conductive material; and wherein the second terminal of the inductor assembly is electrically and mechanically connected to the first end paddle by a second conductive material. 12. The power semiconductor package of claim 11, wherein each of the first conductive material and the second conductive material comprises a powder metallurgy material. 13. The power semiconductor package of claim 11, wherein each of the first conductive material and the second conductive material comprises an elastomer material. 14. The power semiconductor package of claim 11, wherein a bottom surface of the lead frame is exposed from the molding encapsulation. 15. The power semiconductor package of claim 11, further comprising an integrated circuit (IC) mounted on the first die paddle, wherein a second plurality of bonding wires connect the IC to a plurality of leads of the lead frame. 16. The power semiconductor package of claim 15, wherein the molding encapsulation encloses the IC. | 3,600 |
340,030 | 16,801,028 | 3,631 | If current path is switched via switching, voltage overshoot exceeding the device breakdown voltage may be generated. A flying capacitor circuit is provided, having a plurality of switching devices cascade-connected on a first surface of a substrate; a plurality of rectifier devices cascade-connected on a second surface of the substrate; and at least one capacitor provided in a wiring connecting main terminals of a switching device and a rectifier device that are associated with each other and included in the plurality of switching devices and the plurality of rectifier devices; and at least part of the wiring runs sandwiching the substrate in parallel. | 1. A flying capacitor circuit comprising:
a plurality of switching devices cascade-connected on a first surface of a substrate; a plurality of rectifier devices cascade-connected on a second surface of the substrate; and at least one capacitor provided in a wiring connecting main terminals of a switching device and a rectifier device that are associated with each other and included in the plurality of switching devices and the plurality of rectifier devices; wherein at least part of the wiring runs sandwiching the substrate in parallel. 2. The flying capacitor circuit according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of switching devices are cascade-connected in a straight line and the plurality of rectifier devices are cascade-connected in a straight line parallel to the line in which the plurality of switching devices are cascade-connected. 3. The flying capacitor circuit according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of switching devices are cascade-connected in a straight line and the plurality of rectifier devices are cascade-connected in a straight line which is the same straight line in a planar view as the line in which the switching devices are cascade-connected. 4. The flying capacitor circuit according to claim 1, wherein the at least one capacitor is included in each of a plurality of wirings except a wiring connecting a main terminal of the plurality of cascade-connected switching devices which is the closest to one end and a main terminal of the plurality of cascade-connected rectifier devices which is the closest to the one end, the plurality of wirings each connecting main terminals of a switching device and a rectifier device that are associated with each other and included in the plurality of switching devices and the plurality of rectifier devices. 5. The flying capacitor circuit according to claim 1, wherein the number of capacitors provided between main terminals of a switching device and a rectifier device of one set associated with each other is different from the number of capacitors provided between main terminals of a switching device and a rectifier device of another set, the switching device and the rectifier device of the one set and the switching device and the rectifier device of the other set being included in the plurality of switching devices and the plurality of rectifier devices. 6. The flying capacitor circuit according to claim 4, wherein the number of capacitors provided between main terminals of a switching device and a rectifier device on an input terminal side of the flying capacitor is different from the number of capacitors provided between main terminals of a switching device and a rectifier device on an output terminal side of the flying capacitor circuit, the switching device and the rectifier device on the input terminal side and the switching device and the rectifier device on the output terminal side being included in the plurality of switching devices and the plurality of rectifier devices. 7. The flying capacitor circuit according to claim 1, wherein each wiring is provided in a straight line on each of the first surface and the second surface. 8. The flying capacitor circuit according to claim 1, wherein:
each wiring has a connecting-direction extending portion on each of the first surface and the second surface, the connecting-direction extending portion extending along a current path of the plurality of switching devices cascade-connected on the first surface or the plurality of rectifier devices cascade-connected on the second surface; and the at least one capacitor is provided in the connecting-direction extending portion. 9. The flying capacitor circuit according to claim 1, wherein the at least one capacitor includes a plurality of capacitors provided in series in the wiring and positioned on the first surface and the second surface. 10. The flying capacitor circuit according to claim 9, wherein a capacitor positioned on the first surface and a capacitor positioned on the second surface, which are included in the plurality of capacitors, are positioned offset from each other in a planar view. 11. The flying capacitor circuit according to claim 1, wherein each switching device and each rectifier device are positioned offset from each other in a planar view. 12. The flying capacitor circuit according to claim 10, further comprising a heat sink provided at at least one of a position facing each capacitor across the substrate, a position facing each switching device across the substrate and a position facing each rectifier device across the substrate. 13. The flying capacitor circuit according to claim 1, wherein
each rectifier device is a switching device. 14. The flying capacitor circuit according to claim 13, wherein
the flying capacitor circuit is an inverter; an output terminal is provided at a midpoint of a wiring connecting a main terminal of the plurality of cascade-connected switching devices which is the closest to one end and a main terminal of the plurality of cascade-connected rectifier devices which is the closest to the one end; and a main terminal of the plurality of cascade-connected switching devices which is the closest to the other end and a main terminal of the plurality of cascade-connected rectifier devices which is the closest to the other end are input terminals for direct current power. 15. The flying capacitor circuit according to claim 13, further comprising:
a plurality of first drive circuits, positioned on the first surface, for individually driving the plurality of switching devices; and a plurality of second drive circuits, positioned on the second surface, for individually driving the plurality of rectifier devices each being a switching device; wherein each of the first drive circuits and each of the second drive circuits are positioned offset from each other in a planar view. 16. The flying capacitor circuit according to claim 1, wherein each of the rectifier devices is a diode. 17. A circuit module comprising:
a switching device mounted on a first surface of a substrate; a rectifier device mounted on a second surface of the substrate; and at least one capacitor provided in a wiring for connecting a main terminal of the switching device and a main terminal of the rectifier device; wherein at least part of the wiring runs sandwiching the substrate in parallel. 18. The circuit module according to claim 17, comprising:
a first connection terminal connected to a first main terminal of the switching device and a second connection terminal connected to a first main terminal of the rectifier device at one end portion, the first main terminal being the main terminal; and a third connection terminal connected to a second main terminal of the switching device and a fourth connection terminal connected to a second main terminal of the rectifier device at the other end portion, the second main terminal being the main terminal. 19. A flying capacitor circuit comprising a plurality of circuit modules cascade-connected therein, each of the plurality of circuit modules being the circuit module according to claim 18. 20. A power conversion apparatus comprising:
the flying capacitor circuit according to claim 1; and a direct current power source for supplying direct current power to the flying capacitor circuit. | If current path is switched via switching, voltage overshoot exceeding the device breakdown voltage may be generated. A flying capacitor circuit is provided, having a plurality of switching devices cascade-connected on a first surface of a substrate; a plurality of rectifier devices cascade-connected on a second surface of the substrate; and at least one capacitor provided in a wiring connecting main terminals of a switching device and a rectifier device that are associated with each other and included in the plurality of switching devices and the plurality of rectifier devices; and at least part of the wiring runs sandwiching the substrate in parallel.1. A flying capacitor circuit comprising:
a plurality of switching devices cascade-connected on a first surface of a substrate; a plurality of rectifier devices cascade-connected on a second surface of the substrate; and at least one capacitor provided in a wiring connecting main terminals of a switching device and a rectifier device that are associated with each other and included in the plurality of switching devices and the plurality of rectifier devices; wherein at least part of the wiring runs sandwiching the substrate in parallel. 2. The flying capacitor circuit according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of switching devices are cascade-connected in a straight line and the plurality of rectifier devices are cascade-connected in a straight line parallel to the line in which the plurality of switching devices are cascade-connected. 3. The flying capacitor circuit according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of switching devices are cascade-connected in a straight line and the plurality of rectifier devices are cascade-connected in a straight line which is the same straight line in a planar view as the line in which the switching devices are cascade-connected. 4. The flying capacitor circuit according to claim 1, wherein the at least one capacitor is included in each of a plurality of wirings except a wiring connecting a main terminal of the plurality of cascade-connected switching devices which is the closest to one end and a main terminal of the plurality of cascade-connected rectifier devices which is the closest to the one end, the plurality of wirings each connecting main terminals of a switching device and a rectifier device that are associated with each other and included in the plurality of switching devices and the plurality of rectifier devices. 5. The flying capacitor circuit according to claim 1, wherein the number of capacitors provided between main terminals of a switching device and a rectifier device of one set associated with each other is different from the number of capacitors provided between main terminals of a switching device and a rectifier device of another set, the switching device and the rectifier device of the one set and the switching device and the rectifier device of the other set being included in the plurality of switching devices and the plurality of rectifier devices. 6. The flying capacitor circuit according to claim 4, wherein the number of capacitors provided between main terminals of a switching device and a rectifier device on an input terminal side of the flying capacitor is different from the number of capacitors provided between main terminals of a switching device and a rectifier device on an output terminal side of the flying capacitor circuit, the switching device and the rectifier device on the input terminal side and the switching device and the rectifier device on the output terminal side being included in the plurality of switching devices and the plurality of rectifier devices. 7. The flying capacitor circuit according to claim 1, wherein each wiring is provided in a straight line on each of the first surface and the second surface. 8. The flying capacitor circuit according to claim 1, wherein:
each wiring has a connecting-direction extending portion on each of the first surface and the second surface, the connecting-direction extending portion extending along a current path of the plurality of switching devices cascade-connected on the first surface or the plurality of rectifier devices cascade-connected on the second surface; and the at least one capacitor is provided in the connecting-direction extending portion. 9. The flying capacitor circuit according to claim 1, wherein the at least one capacitor includes a plurality of capacitors provided in series in the wiring and positioned on the first surface and the second surface. 10. The flying capacitor circuit according to claim 9, wherein a capacitor positioned on the first surface and a capacitor positioned on the second surface, which are included in the plurality of capacitors, are positioned offset from each other in a planar view. 11. The flying capacitor circuit according to claim 1, wherein each switching device and each rectifier device are positioned offset from each other in a planar view. 12. The flying capacitor circuit according to claim 10, further comprising a heat sink provided at at least one of a position facing each capacitor across the substrate, a position facing each switching device across the substrate and a position facing each rectifier device across the substrate. 13. The flying capacitor circuit according to claim 1, wherein
each rectifier device is a switching device. 14. The flying capacitor circuit according to claim 13, wherein
the flying capacitor circuit is an inverter; an output terminal is provided at a midpoint of a wiring connecting a main terminal of the plurality of cascade-connected switching devices which is the closest to one end and a main terminal of the plurality of cascade-connected rectifier devices which is the closest to the one end; and a main terminal of the plurality of cascade-connected switching devices which is the closest to the other end and a main terminal of the plurality of cascade-connected rectifier devices which is the closest to the other end are input terminals for direct current power. 15. The flying capacitor circuit according to claim 13, further comprising:
a plurality of first drive circuits, positioned on the first surface, for individually driving the plurality of switching devices; and a plurality of second drive circuits, positioned on the second surface, for individually driving the plurality of rectifier devices each being a switching device; wherein each of the first drive circuits and each of the second drive circuits are positioned offset from each other in a planar view. 16. The flying capacitor circuit according to claim 1, wherein each of the rectifier devices is a diode. 17. A circuit module comprising:
a switching device mounted on a first surface of a substrate; a rectifier device mounted on a second surface of the substrate; and at least one capacitor provided in a wiring for connecting a main terminal of the switching device and a main terminal of the rectifier device; wherein at least part of the wiring runs sandwiching the substrate in parallel. 18. The circuit module according to claim 17, comprising:
a first connection terminal connected to a first main terminal of the switching device and a second connection terminal connected to a first main terminal of the rectifier device at one end portion, the first main terminal being the main terminal; and a third connection terminal connected to a second main terminal of the switching device and a fourth connection terminal connected to a second main terminal of the rectifier device at the other end portion, the second main terminal being the main terminal. 19. A flying capacitor circuit comprising a plurality of circuit modules cascade-connected therein, each of the plurality of circuit modules being the circuit module according to claim 18. 20. A power conversion apparatus comprising:
the flying capacitor circuit according to claim 1; and a direct current power source for supplying direct current power to the flying capacitor circuit. | 3,600 |
340,031 | 16,800,947 | 3,631 | The present disclosure relates to improved holographic reconstruction device and a method. In one aspect, the present disclosure relates to improved holographic reconstruction device and method that can measure a digital hologram regardless of optical characteristics of an object to be measured, by an all-in-one type system integrating a transmissive system that measures an object transmitting light and a reflective system that measures an object reflecting light. | 1. A holographic reconstruction device comprising:
a light source unit configured to emit single wavelength light; a first beam splitter configured to split the single wavelength light emitted from the light source unit into a first transmitted split beam and a second transmitted split beam; a plurality of optical mirrors configured to reflect the first transmitted split beam split by the first beam splitter; a second beam splitter configured to split the second transmitted split beam split by the first beam splitter into a first reflected split beam and a second reflected split beam; an object beam objective lens configured to allow the first transmitted split beam reflected from the plurality of optical mirrors and then transmitted through an object to be measured or the first reflected split beam split by the second beam splitter to pass therethrough; a reference beam objective lens configured to allow the second reflected split beam split by the second beam splitter to pass therethrough; a position adjustment mirror to which the second reflected split beam passing through the reference beam objective lens is transmitted; a recording medium configured to record an interference pattern formed when the first transmitted split beam transmitted through the object to be measured or the first reflected split beam reflected from a surface of the object to be measured and the second reflected split beam passing through the reference beam objective lens and reflected from the position adjustment mirror respectively pass through the object beam objective lens and the reference beam objective lens and are transmitted to the second beam splitter; and a processor configured to receive and store an image file generated by converting the interference pattern transmitted from the recording medium, wherein the processor is configured to selectively acquire a beam transmitting object hologram and a beam reflecting object hologram according to a transmissive mode and a reflective mode. 2. The holographic reconstruction device of claim 1, wherein the beam transmitting object hologram is expressed as a complex conjugated hologram corresponding to an interference pattern for a beam transmitting part of the object to be measured as in Equation 1 below:
|U T(x,y,0)|2 =|O T(x,y)|2 +|R T(x,y)|2 +O* T(x,y)R T(x,y)+O T(x,y)R* T(x,y) (1)
wherein x and y denote spatial coordinates, UT(x,y,0) denotes the acquired beam transmitting object hologram, OT(x,y), RT(x,y) denote an object beam and a reference beam of the beam transmitting object hologram, and OT*(x,y), RT*(x,y) denote complex conjugates of the object beam and the reference beam of the beam transmitting object hologram. 3. The holographic reconstruction device of claim 1, wherein the beam reflecting object hologram is expressed as a complex conjugated hologram corresponding to an interference pattern for a beam reflecting part of the object to be measured as in Equation 2 below:
|U R(x,y,0)|2 =|O R(x,y)|2 +|R R(x,y)|2 +O* R(x,y)R R(x,y)+O R(x,y)R* R(x,y) (2)
wherein x and y denote spatial coordinates, UR(x,y,0) denotes the acquired beam reflecting object hologram, OR(x,y), RR(x,y) denote an object beam and a reference beam of the beam reflecting object hologram, and OR*(x,y), RR*(x,y) denote complex conjugates of the object beam and the reference beam of the beam reflecting object hologram. 4. The holographic reconstruction device of claim 2, wherein the beam transmitting object hologram is the interference pattern formed for the beam transmitting part of the object to be measured, by the first transmitted split beam and the second transmitted split beam. 5. The holographic reconstruction device of claim 3, wherein the beam reflecting object hologram is the interference pattern formed for the beam reflecting part of the object to be measured, by the first reflected split beam and the second reflected split beam. 6. The holographic reconstruction device of claim 1, wherein:
the processor is configured to correct a difference in an optical path of light in the transmissive mode and the reflective mode by adjusting a position of the position adjustment mirror, and the beam transmitting object hologram and the beam reflecting object hologram are configured to be transmitted from the recording medium to the processor to be acquired in the form of an image file. 7. A holographic reconstruction method comprising:
a) selecting two types of measurement modes of an object hologram of an object to be measured (S1); b) measuring the object hologram according the selected mode (S2); c) removing direct current, imaginary image; curvature information of the measured object hologram (S3); d) extracting phase information of the object hologram (S4); and e) reconstructing three-dimensional shape information and quantitative thickness information of the object to be measured (S5). 8. The holographic reconstruction method of claim 7, wherein operation b) comprises measuring the object hologram in a transmissive mode (S21) or measuring the object hologram in a reflective mode (S22). 9. The holographic reconstruction method of claim 8, wherein a beam transmitting object hologram acquired in operation S21 is expressed as a complex conjugated hologram corresponding to an interference pattern for a beam transmitting part of the object to be measured as in Equation 1 below:
|U T(x,y,0)|2 =|O T(x,y)|2 +|R T(x,y)|2 +O* T(x,y)R T(x,y)+O T(x,y)R* T(x,y) (1)
wherein x and y denote spatial coordinates, UT(x,y,0) denotes the acquired beam transmitting object hologram, OT(x,y), RT(x,y) denote an object beam and a reference beam of the beam transmitting object hologram, and OT*(x,y), RT*(x,y) denote complex conjugates of the object beam and the reference beam of the beam transmitting object hologram. 10. The holographic reconstruction method of claim 8, wherein a beam reflecting object hologram acquired in operation S22 is expressed as a complex conjugated hologram corresponding to an interference pattern for a beam reflecting part of the object to be measured as in Equation 2 below:
|U R(x,y,0)|2 =|O R(x,y)|2 +|R R(x,y)|2 +O* R(x,y)R R(x,y)+O R(x,y)R* R(x,y) (2)
wherein x and y denote spatial coordinates, UR(x,y,0) denotes the acquired beam reflecting object hologram, OR(x,y), RT(x,y) denote an object beam and a reference beam of the beam reflecting object hologram, and OR*(x,y), RR*(x,y) denote complex conjugates of the object beam and the reference beam of the beam reflecting object hologram. 11. The holographic reconstruction method of claim 7, wherein:
operation c), for each case wherein the measured object hologram is the beam transmitting object hologram or the beam reflecting object hologram, comprises: c1) dividing a frequency spectrum of the beam transmitting object hologram or the beam reflecting object hologram, which acquired by performing 2D Fourier Transform, into real image, imaginary image, and direct current information of the beam transmitting object hologram or the beam reflecting object hologram to remove the direct current and imaginary image information from the beam transmitting object hologram or the beam reflecting object hologram (S31); c2) extracting a real image spot-position by applying an automatic real image spot-position extraction algorithm to remove the divided imaginary image and direct current (DC) information of the beam transmitting object hologram or the beam reflecting object hologram (S32); c3) extracting reference beam information of the beam transmitting object hologram or the beam reflecting object hologram by using a frequency filtering algorithm (S33); c4) calculating a wavenumber vector constant of the extracted reference beam information (S34); c5) calculating a compensation term of the extracted reference beam information by using the calculated wavenumber vector constant (S35); c6) extracting curvature information from the beam transmitting object hologram or the beam reflecting object hologram to compensate for a curvature aberration of an object beam objective lens used when measuring the object hologram (S36); and c7) converting the beam transmitting object hologram or the beam reflecting object hologram having the compensated compensation term and the compensated curvature information into information of a reconstruction image plane by using an angular spectrum propagation algorithm (S37). 12. The holographic reconstruction method of claim 11; wherein operation c6) comprises: generating a curvature information compensation term by using an automatic frequency curvature compensation algorithm; and acquiring a compensated beam transmitting object hologram or a compensated beam reflecting object hologram by multiplying the beam transmitting object hologram or the beam reflecting object hologram by the compensation term of the extracted reference beam information and the curvature information compensation term. 13. The holographic reconstruction method of claim 12, wherein the compensated beam transmitting object hologram or the compensated beam reflecting object hologram is expressed as in Equation 3 or 4 below:
|U CT(f x ,f y,0)|2 =F{O T(x,y)R* T(x,y)R CT(x,y)R CAT(x,y)} (3)
|U CR(f x ,f y,0)|2 =F{O R(x,y)R* R(x,y)R CR(x,y)R CAR(x,y)} (4)
wherein UCT(fx,fy,0) denote the compensated beam transmitting object hologram, UCR(fx,fy,0) denotes the compensated beam reflecting object hologram, OT(x,y), RT*(x,y) denote an object beam and a reference beam of the beam transmitting object hologram, OR(x,y), RR*(x,y) denote an object beam and a reference beam of the beam reflecting hologram, RCT(x,y) denotes the compensation term of the reference beam information of the beam transmitting object hologram, RCAT(x,y) denotes the curvature information compensation term of the beam transmitting object hologram, RCR(x,y) denotes the compensation term of the reference beam information of the beam reflecting object hologram, and RCAR(x,y) denotes the curvature information compensation term of the beam reflecting object hologram. 14. The holographic reconstruction method of claim 7, wherein operation d) comprises extracting phase information from a converted compensated object hologram through inverse 2D Fourier Transform,
wherein the acquired phase information comprises only phase information of the beam transmitting or reflecting part of the object to be measured, from which remaining information is removed except for the phase information of the beam transmitting or reflecting part of the object to be measured that the acquired beam transmitting object hologram or the acquired beam reflecting object hologram has. 15. The holographic reconstruction method of claim 7, wherein;
operation e) comprises: respectively compensating the extracted phase information of the beam transmitting part of the object to be measured or the extracted phase information of the beam reflecting part of the object to be measured for distorted phase information, by using a 2D phase unwrapping algorithm; calculating the quantitative thickness information of the object to be measured, by using the compensated phase information; and reconstructing the three-dimensional shape information of the object to be measured, by using the calculated quantitative thickness information of the object to be measured. 16. The holographic reconstruction method of claim 15, wherein the calculated thickness information of the object to be measured is expressed as in Equation 5 below: | The present disclosure relates to improved holographic reconstruction device and a method. In one aspect, the present disclosure relates to improved holographic reconstruction device and method that can measure a digital hologram regardless of optical characteristics of an object to be measured, by an all-in-one type system integrating a transmissive system that measures an object transmitting light and a reflective system that measures an object reflecting light.1. A holographic reconstruction device comprising:
a light source unit configured to emit single wavelength light; a first beam splitter configured to split the single wavelength light emitted from the light source unit into a first transmitted split beam and a second transmitted split beam; a plurality of optical mirrors configured to reflect the first transmitted split beam split by the first beam splitter; a second beam splitter configured to split the second transmitted split beam split by the first beam splitter into a first reflected split beam and a second reflected split beam; an object beam objective lens configured to allow the first transmitted split beam reflected from the plurality of optical mirrors and then transmitted through an object to be measured or the first reflected split beam split by the second beam splitter to pass therethrough; a reference beam objective lens configured to allow the second reflected split beam split by the second beam splitter to pass therethrough; a position adjustment mirror to which the second reflected split beam passing through the reference beam objective lens is transmitted; a recording medium configured to record an interference pattern formed when the first transmitted split beam transmitted through the object to be measured or the first reflected split beam reflected from a surface of the object to be measured and the second reflected split beam passing through the reference beam objective lens and reflected from the position adjustment mirror respectively pass through the object beam objective lens and the reference beam objective lens and are transmitted to the second beam splitter; and a processor configured to receive and store an image file generated by converting the interference pattern transmitted from the recording medium, wherein the processor is configured to selectively acquire a beam transmitting object hologram and a beam reflecting object hologram according to a transmissive mode and a reflective mode. 2. The holographic reconstruction device of claim 1, wherein the beam transmitting object hologram is expressed as a complex conjugated hologram corresponding to an interference pattern for a beam transmitting part of the object to be measured as in Equation 1 below:
|U T(x,y,0)|2 =|O T(x,y)|2 +|R T(x,y)|2 +O* T(x,y)R T(x,y)+O T(x,y)R* T(x,y) (1)
wherein x and y denote spatial coordinates, UT(x,y,0) denotes the acquired beam transmitting object hologram, OT(x,y), RT(x,y) denote an object beam and a reference beam of the beam transmitting object hologram, and OT*(x,y), RT*(x,y) denote complex conjugates of the object beam and the reference beam of the beam transmitting object hologram. 3. The holographic reconstruction device of claim 1, wherein the beam reflecting object hologram is expressed as a complex conjugated hologram corresponding to an interference pattern for a beam reflecting part of the object to be measured as in Equation 2 below:
|U R(x,y,0)|2 =|O R(x,y)|2 +|R R(x,y)|2 +O* R(x,y)R R(x,y)+O R(x,y)R* R(x,y) (2)
wherein x and y denote spatial coordinates, UR(x,y,0) denotes the acquired beam reflecting object hologram, OR(x,y), RR(x,y) denote an object beam and a reference beam of the beam reflecting object hologram, and OR*(x,y), RR*(x,y) denote complex conjugates of the object beam and the reference beam of the beam reflecting object hologram. 4. The holographic reconstruction device of claim 2, wherein the beam transmitting object hologram is the interference pattern formed for the beam transmitting part of the object to be measured, by the first transmitted split beam and the second transmitted split beam. 5. The holographic reconstruction device of claim 3, wherein the beam reflecting object hologram is the interference pattern formed for the beam reflecting part of the object to be measured, by the first reflected split beam and the second reflected split beam. 6. The holographic reconstruction device of claim 1, wherein:
the processor is configured to correct a difference in an optical path of light in the transmissive mode and the reflective mode by adjusting a position of the position adjustment mirror, and the beam transmitting object hologram and the beam reflecting object hologram are configured to be transmitted from the recording medium to the processor to be acquired in the form of an image file. 7. A holographic reconstruction method comprising:
a) selecting two types of measurement modes of an object hologram of an object to be measured (S1); b) measuring the object hologram according the selected mode (S2); c) removing direct current, imaginary image; curvature information of the measured object hologram (S3); d) extracting phase information of the object hologram (S4); and e) reconstructing three-dimensional shape information and quantitative thickness information of the object to be measured (S5). 8. The holographic reconstruction method of claim 7, wherein operation b) comprises measuring the object hologram in a transmissive mode (S21) or measuring the object hologram in a reflective mode (S22). 9. The holographic reconstruction method of claim 8, wherein a beam transmitting object hologram acquired in operation S21 is expressed as a complex conjugated hologram corresponding to an interference pattern for a beam transmitting part of the object to be measured as in Equation 1 below:
|U T(x,y,0)|2 =|O T(x,y)|2 +|R T(x,y)|2 +O* T(x,y)R T(x,y)+O T(x,y)R* T(x,y) (1)
wherein x and y denote spatial coordinates, UT(x,y,0) denotes the acquired beam transmitting object hologram, OT(x,y), RT(x,y) denote an object beam and a reference beam of the beam transmitting object hologram, and OT*(x,y), RT*(x,y) denote complex conjugates of the object beam and the reference beam of the beam transmitting object hologram. 10. The holographic reconstruction method of claim 8, wherein a beam reflecting object hologram acquired in operation S22 is expressed as a complex conjugated hologram corresponding to an interference pattern for a beam reflecting part of the object to be measured as in Equation 2 below:
|U R(x,y,0)|2 =|O R(x,y)|2 +|R R(x,y)|2 +O* R(x,y)R R(x,y)+O R(x,y)R* R(x,y) (2)
wherein x and y denote spatial coordinates, UR(x,y,0) denotes the acquired beam reflecting object hologram, OR(x,y), RT(x,y) denote an object beam and a reference beam of the beam reflecting object hologram, and OR*(x,y), RR*(x,y) denote complex conjugates of the object beam and the reference beam of the beam reflecting object hologram. 11. The holographic reconstruction method of claim 7, wherein:
operation c), for each case wherein the measured object hologram is the beam transmitting object hologram or the beam reflecting object hologram, comprises: c1) dividing a frequency spectrum of the beam transmitting object hologram or the beam reflecting object hologram, which acquired by performing 2D Fourier Transform, into real image, imaginary image, and direct current information of the beam transmitting object hologram or the beam reflecting object hologram to remove the direct current and imaginary image information from the beam transmitting object hologram or the beam reflecting object hologram (S31); c2) extracting a real image spot-position by applying an automatic real image spot-position extraction algorithm to remove the divided imaginary image and direct current (DC) information of the beam transmitting object hologram or the beam reflecting object hologram (S32); c3) extracting reference beam information of the beam transmitting object hologram or the beam reflecting object hologram by using a frequency filtering algorithm (S33); c4) calculating a wavenumber vector constant of the extracted reference beam information (S34); c5) calculating a compensation term of the extracted reference beam information by using the calculated wavenumber vector constant (S35); c6) extracting curvature information from the beam transmitting object hologram or the beam reflecting object hologram to compensate for a curvature aberration of an object beam objective lens used when measuring the object hologram (S36); and c7) converting the beam transmitting object hologram or the beam reflecting object hologram having the compensated compensation term and the compensated curvature information into information of a reconstruction image plane by using an angular spectrum propagation algorithm (S37). 12. The holographic reconstruction method of claim 11; wherein operation c6) comprises: generating a curvature information compensation term by using an automatic frequency curvature compensation algorithm; and acquiring a compensated beam transmitting object hologram or a compensated beam reflecting object hologram by multiplying the beam transmitting object hologram or the beam reflecting object hologram by the compensation term of the extracted reference beam information and the curvature information compensation term. 13. The holographic reconstruction method of claim 12, wherein the compensated beam transmitting object hologram or the compensated beam reflecting object hologram is expressed as in Equation 3 or 4 below:
|U CT(f x ,f y,0)|2 =F{O T(x,y)R* T(x,y)R CT(x,y)R CAT(x,y)} (3)
|U CR(f x ,f y,0)|2 =F{O R(x,y)R* R(x,y)R CR(x,y)R CAR(x,y)} (4)
wherein UCT(fx,fy,0) denote the compensated beam transmitting object hologram, UCR(fx,fy,0) denotes the compensated beam reflecting object hologram, OT(x,y), RT*(x,y) denote an object beam and a reference beam of the beam transmitting object hologram, OR(x,y), RR*(x,y) denote an object beam and a reference beam of the beam reflecting hologram, RCT(x,y) denotes the compensation term of the reference beam information of the beam transmitting object hologram, RCAT(x,y) denotes the curvature information compensation term of the beam transmitting object hologram, RCR(x,y) denotes the compensation term of the reference beam information of the beam reflecting object hologram, and RCAR(x,y) denotes the curvature information compensation term of the beam reflecting object hologram. 14. The holographic reconstruction method of claim 7, wherein operation d) comprises extracting phase information from a converted compensated object hologram through inverse 2D Fourier Transform,
wherein the acquired phase information comprises only phase information of the beam transmitting or reflecting part of the object to be measured, from which remaining information is removed except for the phase information of the beam transmitting or reflecting part of the object to be measured that the acquired beam transmitting object hologram or the acquired beam reflecting object hologram has. 15. The holographic reconstruction method of claim 7, wherein;
operation e) comprises: respectively compensating the extracted phase information of the beam transmitting part of the object to be measured or the extracted phase information of the beam reflecting part of the object to be measured for distorted phase information, by using a 2D phase unwrapping algorithm; calculating the quantitative thickness information of the object to be measured, by using the compensated phase information; and reconstructing the three-dimensional shape information of the object to be measured, by using the calculated quantitative thickness information of the object to be measured. 16. The holographic reconstruction method of claim 15, wherein the calculated thickness information of the object to be measured is expressed as in Equation 5 below: | 3,600 |
340,032 | 16,801,011 | 3,631 | A method of forming one or more structures by additive manufacturing comprises introducing a first layer of a powder mixture comprising graphite and a fuel on a surface of a substrate. The first layer is at least partially compacted and then exposed to laser radiation to form a first layer of material comprising the fuel dispersed within a graphite matrix material. At least a second layer of the powder mixture is provided over the first layer of material and exposed to laser radiation to form inter-granular bonds between the second layer and the first layer. Related structures and methods of forming one or more structures are also disclosed. | 1. A method of additively manufacturing a structure, the method comprising:
disposing a first layer of a powder onto a surface of a substrate; compacting the first layer of the powder on the surface of the substrate; exposing the first layer of the powder to defocused laser radiation to form a first layer of a structure comprising inter-granular bonds between particles of the powder; disposing a second layer of another powder on the first layer of the structure; and exposing the second layer of the another powder to defocused laser radiation to form a second layer of the structure. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising selecting the powder and the another powder to comprise a different material. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising selecting the powder to comprise one of a metal and a ceramic material and selecting the another powder to comprise the other of the metal and the ceramic material. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising selecting the powder and the another powder to comprise graphite. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising selecting the powder and the another powder to comprise a uranium-containing material. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising selecting the powder to comprise a matrix material and the another powder to comprise a fuel material. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein exposing the first layer of the powder to defocused laser radiation comprises exposing the first layer of the powder to defocused laser radiation having a spot size between about 1 mm and about 10 mm. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising forming a third layer of a powder over the second layer of the structure, the third layer of the powder having a same composition as the first layer of the powder. 9. A structure including a fissile fuel material, comprising:
at least a first layer comprising a fuel material dispersed in a graphite matrix material, wherein particles of the fuel material are directly bonded to adjacent particles of the graphite matrix material, the structure exhibiting a graphite to total carbon ratio equal to about 1.0:1.0; and at least a second layer of another material bonded to the first layer. 10. The structure of claim 9, wherein the fuel material comprises at least one of uranium dioxide, uranium silicide, or uranium carbide. 11. The structure of claim 9, wherein the fuel material comprises at least a portion of a fuel block or at least a portion of a fuel rod. 12. The structure of claim 9, wherein the fuel material exhibits a porosity between about 0.01 and about 0.05. 13. The structure of claim 9, wherein the fuel material comprises a carbon to uranium ratio between about 700:1 and about 10,000:1 14. The structure of claim 9, wherein the graphite matrix material constitutes between about 97.0 weight percent and about 99.9 weight percent of the structure. 15. The structure of claim 9, wherein the at least a first layer and the at least a second layer comprise the same material. 16. A method of additively manufacturing a structure, the method comprising:
introducing a first layer of a powder mixture over a surface; exposing the first layer of the powder mixture to defocused laser radiation to form a first layer of a structure having the same composition as the first layer of the powder mixture; forming a second layer of the structure over the first layer of the structure. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein exposing the first layer of the powder mixture to defocused laser radiation comprises exposing the first layer of the powder mixture to laser radiation having a power between about 5 W and about 60 W. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein exposing the first layer of the powder mixture to defocused laser radiation comprises exposing the first layer of the powder mixture to defocused laser radiation to heat the first layer of the powder mixture to a temperature less than about 1,000° C. 19. The method of claim 16, wherein exposing the first layer of the powder mixture to defocused laser radiation comprises exposing the first layer of the powder mixture to laser radiation having a spot size between about 0.5 mm and about 10.0 mm. 20. The method of claim 16, wherein exposing the first layer of the powder mixture to defocused laser radiation comprises exposing the first layer of the powder mixture to laser radiation having a spot size between about 1.0 mm and about 5.0 mm. 21. The method of claim 16, wherein exposing the first layer of the powder mixture to defocused laser radiation comprises exposing the first layer of the powder mixture to defocused laser radiation having a beam divergence between about 5 milliradians and about 100 milliradians. 22. The method of claim 16, wherein introducing a first layer of a powder mixture over a surface comprises introducing a first layer of a powder mixture comprising a uranium-containing material over a surface. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein introducing a first layer of a powder mixture comprising a uranium-containing material over a surface comprises introducing a first layer of a powder mixture comprising a composite material comprising a graphite matrix material and the uranium-containing material dispersed win the graphite matrix material. 24. The method of claim 16, wherein introducing a first layer of a powder mixture over a surface comprises introducing a first layer of a powder mixture comprising particles of a fuel material coated with another material over the surface. | A method of forming one or more structures by additive manufacturing comprises introducing a first layer of a powder mixture comprising graphite and a fuel on a surface of a substrate. The first layer is at least partially compacted and then exposed to laser radiation to form a first layer of material comprising the fuel dispersed within a graphite matrix material. At least a second layer of the powder mixture is provided over the first layer of material and exposed to laser radiation to form inter-granular bonds between the second layer and the first layer. Related structures and methods of forming one or more structures are also disclosed.1. A method of additively manufacturing a structure, the method comprising:
disposing a first layer of a powder onto a surface of a substrate; compacting the first layer of the powder on the surface of the substrate; exposing the first layer of the powder to defocused laser radiation to form a first layer of a structure comprising inter-granular bonds between particles of the powder; disposing a second layer of another powder on the first layer of the structure; and exposing the second layer of the another powder to defocused laser radiation to form a second layer of the structure. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising selecting the powder and the another powder to comprise a different material. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising selecting the powder to comprise one of a metal and a ceramic material and selecting the another powder to comprise the other of the metal and the ceramic material. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising selecting the powder and the another powder to comprise graphite. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising selecting the powder and the another powder to comprise a uranium-containing material. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising selecting the powder to comprise a matrix material and the another powder to comprise a fuel material. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein exposing the first layer of the powder to defocused laser radiation comprises exposing the first layer of the powder to defocused laser radiation having a spot size between about 1 mm and about 10 mm. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising forming a third layer of a powder over the second layer of the structure, the third layer of the powder having a same composition as the first layer of the powder. 9. A structure including a fissile fuel material, comprising:
at least a first layer comprising a fuel material dispersed in a graphite matrix material, wherein particles of the fuel material are directly bonded to adjacent particles of the graphite matrix material, the structure exhibiting a graphite to total carbon ratio equal to about 1.0:1.0; and at least a second layer of another material bonded to the first layer. 10. The structure of claim 9, wherein the fuel material comprises at least one of uranium dioxide, uranium silicide, or uranium carbide. 11. The structure of claim 9, wherein the fuel material comprises at least a portion of a fuel block or at least a portion of a fuel rod. 12. The structure of claim 9, wherein the fuel material exhibits a porosity between about 0.01 and about 0.05. 13. The structure of claim 9, wherein the fuel material comprises a carbon to uranium ratio between about 700:1 and about 10,000:1 14. The structure of claim 9, wherein the graphite matrix material constitutes between about 97.0 weight percent and about 99.9 weight percent of the structure. 15. The structure of claim 9, wherein the at least a first layer and the at least a second layer comprise the same material. 16. A method of additively manufacturing a structure, the method comprising:
introducing a first layer of a powder mixture over a surface; exposing the first layer of the powder mixture to defocused laser radiation to form a first layer of a structure having the same composition as the first layer of the powder mixture; forming a second layer of the structure over the first layer of the structure. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein exposing the first layer of the powder mixture to defocused laser radiation comprises exposing the first layer of the powder mixture to laser radiation having a power between about 5 W and about 60 W. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein exposing the first layer of the powder mixture to defocused laser radiation comprises exposing the first layer of the powder mixture to defocused laser radiation to heat the first layer of the powder mixture to a temperature less than about 1,000° C. 19. The method of claim 16, wherein exposing the first layer of the powder mixture to defocused laser radiation comprises exposing the first layer of the powder mixture to laser radiation having a spot size between about 0.5 mm and about 10.0 mm. 20. The method of claim 16, wherein exposing the first layer of the powder mixture to defocused laser radiation comprises exposing the first layer of the powder mixture to laser radiation having a spot size between about 1.0 mm and about 5.0 mm. 21. The method of claim 16, wherein exposing the first layer of the powder mixture to defocused laser radiation comprises exposing the first layer of the powder mixture to defocused laser radiation having a beam divergence between about 5 milliradians and about 100 milliradians. 22. The method of claim 16, wherein introducing a first layer of a powder mixture over a surface comprises introducing a first layer of a powder mixture comprising a uranium-containing material over a surface. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein introducing a first layer of a powder mixture comprising a uranium-containing material over a surface comprises introducing a first layer of a powder mixture comprising a composite material comprising a graphite matrix material and the uranium-containing material dispersed win the graphite matrix material. 24. The method of claim 16, wherein introducing a first layer of a powder mixture over a surface comprises introducing a first layer of a powder mixture comprising particles of a fuel material coated with another material over the surface. | 3,600 |
340,033 | 16,801,043 | 3,675 | A vertical rod coupler includes a bracket, bolt, and cam lock. The bolt is disposed through the bracket and the cam lock, and includes a head and a transverse pin. When the bolt is rotated relative to the cam lock, a pin camming surface cams the transverse pin to adjust the tension in the bolt and/or a distance between the head and the bracket. | 1. A vertical rod coupler comprising:
a bracket including a bracket through-hole; a bolt disposed in the bracket through-hole and including a head and a shaft, wherein the shaft includes a transverse pin; and a cam lock including a cam lock through-hole and a pin camming surface, wherein the cam lock through-hole is configured to receive the shaft, wherein the pin camming surface is configured to cam the transverse pin to adjust a tension force in the shaft when the shaft is rotated; wherein the bracket and the cam lock are configured to apply a clamping force to a vertical rod, wherein the clamping force is based at least partly on one of the distance and the tension force. 2. The vertical rod coupler of claim 1, wherein a portion of the bracket which contacts the vertical rod includes a material with a dry static coefficient of friction greater than 1. 3. (canceled) 4. The vertical rod coupler of claim 1, wherein the bracket includes at least one channel configured to receive the vertical rod and sliding motion of the vertical rod relative to the bracket. 5. The vertical rod coupler of claim 1, wherein the bracket includes a central portion positioned between a first bracket channel and a second bracket channel, wherein the first bracket channel and the second bracket channel are configured to receive a first portion of the vertical rod and a second portion of the vertical rod, respectively. 6. The vertical rod coupler of claim 5, wherein the bracket through-hole is formed in the central portion. 7-9. (canceled) 10. The vertical rod of claim 1, wherein the cam lock includes at least one depression configured to releasably capture the transverse pin to inhibit rotational movement of the shaft unless a threshold torque is applied to the shaft and/or transverse pin. 11. (canceled) 12. The vertical rod coupler of claim 1, wherein an end of the shaft includes a socket configured to receive torque from an adjustment tool. 13. (canceled) 14. The vertical rod coupler of claim 1, wherein the bolt is movable between a first rotational position and a second rotational position, wherein the in the first rotational position the vertical rod is slidable relative to the bracket, and wherein in the second rotational position the vertical rod is stationary relative to the bracket. 15. The vertical rod coupler of claim 14, wherein in the first rotational position the clamping force applied to the vertical rod is below a threshold force wherein in the second rotational position the clamping force applied to the vertical rod is at or above the threshold force. 16-17. (canceled) 18. The vertical rod coupler of claim 1, further comprising a compression spring configured to apply an urging force to the bracket and the head, wherein the tension force is proportional to the urging force. 19. The vertical rod coupler of claim 18, wherein the compression spring is a stacked wave disc spring. 20. The vertical rod coupler of claim 1, further comprising the vertical rod, wherein the vertical rod includes a first portion and a second potion separated by a through channel which extends along a longitudinal axis of the rod. 21. The vertical rod coupler of claim 20, wherein the bracket includes a central portion positioned between a first bracket channel and a second bracket channel, wherein the first bracket channel and the second bracket channel are configured to receive the first portion and the second portion, respectively. 22. The vertical rod coupler of claim 21, wherein the central portion is disposed in the through channel, and wherein the bracket through-hole is formed in the central portion. 23-45. (canceled) 46. A vertical rod latching device for a door comprising:
a latch movable between an engaged and disengaged position; an actuator movable between an actuated and an unactuated position, wherein in the actuated position the actuator moves the latch to the disengaged position and in the unactuated position the actuator moves the latch to the engaged position; a vertical rod configured to transmit reciprocal force; and a vertical rod coupler configured to selectively couple the actuator to the vertical rod, wherein the vertical rod coupler includes a bolt movable between a first rotational position and a second rotational position, wherein when the bolt is in the first rotational position the vertical rod is decoupled to the actuator, and wherein when the bolt is in the second rotational position the vertical rod is coupled to the actuator. 47. The vertical rod latching device of claim 46, wherein when the bolt is in the first rotational position the vertical rod is free to move under force of gravity relative to the vertical rod coupler. 48. The vertical rod latching device of claim 46, wherein the latch includes a biasing member, wherein when the bolt is in the first rotational position the vertical rod is free to move under force of the biasing member relative to the vertical rod coupler. 49. The vertical rod latching device of claim 46, wherein the bolt is accessible when the door is mounted in a door frame. 50. (canceled) 51. The vertical rod latching device of claim 46, wherein the vertical rod coupler further comprises:
a bracket including a bracket through-hole, wherein the bolt is disposed in the bracket through-hole, and wherein the bolt includes a head and a shaft, wherein the shaft includes a transverse pin; and a cam lock including a cam lock through-hole and a pin camming surface, wherein the cam lock through-hole is configured to receive the shaft, wherein the pin camming surface is configured to cam the transverse pin to adjust a tension force in the shaft when the bolt is rotated between the first rotational position and the second rotational position; wherein the bracket and the cam lock are configured to apply a clamping force to a vertical rod, wherein the clamping force is based at least partly on one of the distance and the tension force. 52. The vertical rod coupler of claim 51, wherein the vertical rod includes a first portion and a second potion separated by a through channel which extends along a longitudinal axis of the rod. 53. The vertical rod coupler of claim 52, wherein the bracket includes a central portion positioned between a first bracket channel and a second bracket channel, wherein the first bracket channel and the second bracket channel are configured to receive the first portion and the second portion, respectively. 54. The vertical rod coupler of claim 53, wherein the central portion is disposed in the through channel, and wherein the bracket through-hole is formed in the central portion. 55-70. (canceled) | A vertical rod coupler includes a bracket, bolt, and cam lock. The bolt is disposed through the bracket and the cam lock, and includes a head and a transverse pin. When the bolt is rotated relative to the cam lock, a pin camming surface cams the transverse pin to adjust the tension in the bolt and/or a distance between the head and the bracket.1. A vertical rod coupler comprising:
a bracket including a bracket through-hole; a bolt disposed in the bracket through-hole and including a head and a shaft, wherein the shaft includes a transverse pin; and a cam lock including a cam lock through-hole and a pin camming surface, wherein the cam lock through-hole is configured to receive the shaft, wherein the pin camming surface is configured to cam the transverse pin to adjust a tension force in the shaft when the shaft is rotated; wherein the bracket and the cam lock are configured to apply a clamping force to a vertical rod, wherein the clamping force is based at least partly on one of the distance and the tension force. 2. The vertical rod coupler of claim 1, wherein a portion of the bracket which contacts the vertical rod includes a material with a dry static coefficient of friction greater than 1. 3. (canceled) 4. The vertical rod coupler of claim 1, wherein the bracket includes at least one channel configured to receive the vertical rod and sliding motion of the vertical rod relative to the bracket. 5. The vertical rod coupler of claim 1, wherein the bracket includes a central portion positioned between a first bracket channel and a second bracket channel, wherein the first bracket channel and the second bracket channel are configured to receive a first portion of the vertical rod and a second portion of the vertical rod, respectively. 6. The vertical rod coupler of claim 5, wherein the bracket through-hole is formed in the central portion. 7-9. (canceled) 10. The vertical rod of claim 1, wherein the cam lock includes at least one depression configured to releasably capture the transverse pin to inhibit rotational movement of the shaft unless a threshold torque is applied to the shaft and/or transverse pin. 11. (canceled) 12. The vertical rod coupler of claim 1, wherein an end of the shaft includes a socket configured to receive torque from an adjustment tool. 13. (canceled) 14. The vertical rod coupler of claim 1, wherein the bolt is movable between a first rotational position and a second rotational position, wherein the in the first rotational position the vertical rod is slidable relative to the bracket, and wherein in the second rotational position the vertical rod is stationary relative to the bracket. 15. The vertical rod coupler of claim 14, wherein in the first rotational position the clamping force applied to the vertical rod is below a threshold force wherein in the second rotational position the clamping force applied to the vertical rod is at or above the threshold force. 16-17. (canceled) 18. The vertical rod coupler of claim 1, further comprising a compression spring configured to apply an urging force to the bracket and the head, wherein the tension force is proportional to the urging force. 19. The vertical rod coupler of claim 18, wherein the compression spring is a stacked wave disc spring. 20. The vertical rod coupler of claim 1, further comprising the vertical rod, wherein the vertical rod includes a first portion and a second potion separated by a through channel which extends along a longitudinal axis of the rod. 21. The vertical rod coupler of claim 20, wherein the bracket includes a central portion positioned between a first bracket channel and a second bracket channel, wherein the first bracket channel and the second bracket channel are configured to receive the first portion and the second portion, respectively. 22. The vertical rod coupler of claim 21, wherein the central portion is disposed in the through channel, and wherein the bracket through-hole is formed in the central portion. 23-45. (canceled) 46. A vertical rod latching device for a door comprising:
a latch movable between an engaged and disengaged position; an actuator movable between an actuated and an unactuated position, wherein in the actuated position the actuator moves the latch to the disengaged position and in the unactuated position the actuator moves the latch to the engaged position; a vertical rod configured to transmit reciprocal force; and a vertical rod coupler configured to selectively couple the actuator to the vertical rod, wherein the vertical rod coupler includes a bolt movable between a first rotational position and a second rotational position, wherein when the bolt is in the first rotational position the vertical rod is decoupled to the actuator, and wherein when the bolt is in the second rotational position the vertical rod is coupled to the actuator. 47. The vertical rod latching device of claim 46, wherein when the bolt is in the first rotational position the vertical rod is free to move under force of gravity relative to the vertical rod coupler. 48. The vertical rod latching device of claim 46, wherein the latch includes a biasing member, wherein when the bolt is in the first rotational position the vertical rod is free to move under force of the biasing member relative to the vertical rod coupler. 49. The vertical rod latching device of claim 46, wherein the bolt is accessible when the door is mounted in a door frame. 50. (canceled) 51. The vertical rod latching device of claim 46, wherein the vertical rod coupler further comprises:
a bracket including a bracket through-hole, wherein the bolt is disposed in the bracket through-hole, and wherein the bolt includes a head and a shaft, wherein the shaft includes a transverse pin; and a cam lock including a cam lock through-hole and a pin camming surface, wherein the cam lock through-hole is configured to receive the shaft, wherein the pin camming surface is configured to cam the transverse pin to adjust a tension force in the shaft when the bolt is rotated between the first rotational position and the second rotational position; wherein the bracket and the cam lock are configured to apply a clamping force to a vertical rod, wherein the clamping force is based at least partly on one of the distance and the tension force. 52. The vertical rod coupler of claim 51, wherein the vertical rod includes a first portion and a second potion separated by a through channel which extends along a longitudinal axis of the rod. 53. The vertical rod coupler of claim 52, wherein the bracket includes a central portion positioned between a first bracket channel and a second bracket channel, wherein the first bracket channel and the second bracket channel are configured to receive the first portion and the second portion, respectively. 54. The vertical rod coupler of claim 53, wherein the central portion is disposed in the through channel, and wherein the bracket through-hole is formed in the central portion. 55-70. (canceled) | 3,600 |
340,034 | 16,801,004 | 3,675 | Prosthetic mitral valves described herein can be deployed using a transcatheter mitral valve delivery system and technique to interface and anchor in cooperation with the anatomical structures of a native mitral valve. This document describes prosthetic heart valve designs that interface with native mitral valve structures to create a fluid seal, thereby minimizing mitral regurgitation and paravalvular leaks. This document also describes prosthetic heart valve designs and techniques to manage blood flow through the left ventricular outflow tract. In addition, this document describes prosthetic heart valve designs and techniques that reduce the risk of interference between the prosthetic valves and chordae tendineae. | 1. A prosthetic heart valve for implanting at a native valve annulus having a sub-annular gutter, the prosthetic heart valve comprising:
an anchor assembly configured for coupling with a native heart valve and comprising a hub member configured for releasable attachment to a delivery catheter; wherein, the anchor assembly comprises an expandable anchor frame defining an interior space and including the hub member and a first sub-annular support arm extending to a first surface configured for engagement with the sub-annular gutter of the native heart valve; and a valve assembly connected to the interior space of the anchor assembly and comprising an occluder having an open configuration adapted to allow open blood flow and a closed configuration adapted to occlude blood flow. 2. The prosthetic heart valve of claim 1 wherein the anchor assembly is configured for coupling with a native mitral valve. 3. The prosthetic heart valve of claim 1 wherein the occluder, in the closed configuration, completely blocks blood flow. 4. The prosthetic heart valve of claim 1 wherein the anchor and the valve assembly are two distinct structures and further wherein the valve assembly is coupled with the anchor assembly. 5. The prosthetic heart valve of claim 1 wherein the expandable anchor frame includes a second sub-annular support arm extending to a second surface configured for engagement with the sub-annular gutter of the native heart valve, wherein an angle between the first and second sub-annular support arms is between 100 degrees to 135 degrees. 6. The prosthetic heart valve of claim 5 wherein the first anchor surface of the expandable anchor frame is positioned to contact a first anterior portion of the sub-annular gutter and the second anchor surface of the expandable anchor frame is positioned to contact a first posterior portion of the sub-annular gutter. 7. The prosthetic heart valve of claim 6 wherein the expandable anchor frame includes a third anchor surface and a fourth anchor surface, the third anchor surface positioned to contact a second anterior portion of the sub-annular gutter and the fourth anchor surface positioned to contact a second posterior portion of the sub-annular gutter. 8. The prosthetic heart valve of claim 7 wherein, in an implanted configuration, the first anchor surface and the third anchor surface are spaced apart from each other by a distance of between about 30 mm to about 45 mm. 9. The prosthetic heart valve of claim 7 wherein the anchor surfaces are positioned at locations adapted to minimize inhibition of the native heart valve leaflets. 10. The prosthetic heart valve of claim 1 wherein the first the anchor surface includes an atraumatic surface adapted to inhibit the first anchor surface from penetrating the tissue of the native heart valve. 11. A method of implanting a prosthetic heart valve at a native heart valve annulus having a sub-annular gutter, the method comprising:
providing a prosthetic heart valve including an expandable anchor frame having a hub member configured for releasable attachment to a delivery catheter and a first sub-annular support arm extending to a first anchor surface configured for engagement with the sub-annular gutter of the native heart valve, and the prosthetic heart valve further including a valve assembly coupleable with the anchor assembly and including an occluder having an open configuration adapted to allow open blood flow and a closed configuration adapted to occlude blood flow; coupling a delivery catheter to the hub of the expandable anchor frame; advancing expandable anchor frame using the delivery catheter to the native heart valve site; and deploying the expandable anchor frame such that the first anchor surface engages the sub-annular gutter of the native heart valve. 12. The method of claim 11 wherein the expandable anchor frame is adapted for coupling with a native mitral valve and further wherein the expandable anchor frame includes a second sub-annular support arm extending to a second anchor surface configured for engagement with the sub-annular gutter of the native mitral valve, wherein an angle between the first and second sub-annular support arms is between 100 degrees and 135 degrees. 13. The method of claim 12 wherein the first anchor surface of the expandable anchor frame is positioned to contact a first anterior portion of the sub-annular gutter and the second anchor surface of the expandable anchor frame is positioned to contact a first posterior portion of the sub-annular gutter. 14. The method of claim 11 wherein the deploying step includes positioning the first anchor surface at a location of the sub-annular gutter that minimizes inhibition of the native heart valve leaflets. 15. The method of claim 11 wherein the occluder, in the closed configuration, completely blocks blood flow. 16. The method of claim 11 wherein the first the anchor surface includes an atraumatic surface adapted to inhibit the first anchor surface from penetrating the tissue of the native heart valve. 17. The method of claim 11 further comprising the step of releasing the delivery catheter from the hub of the expandable anchor frame and withdrawing the catheter from the native heart valve site. 18. The method of claim 11 wherein, before the advancing step, the valve assembly is coupled with the expandable anchor frame such that the valve assembly and expandable anchor frame are advanced together to the native mitral valve site. 19. The method of claim 17 further comprising advancing the valve assembly to the native mitral valve site. 20. The method of claim 19 further comprising releasing the valve assembly such that it expands and couples with an interior surface of the expandable anchor frame. | Prosthetic mitral valves described herein can be deployed using a transcatheter mitral valve delivery system and technique to interface and anchor in cooperation with the anatomical structures of a native mitral valve. This document describes prosthetic heart valve designs that interface with native mitral valve structures to create a fluid seal, thereby minimizing mitral regurgitation and paravalvular leaks. This document also describes prosthetic heart valve designs and techniques to manage blood flow through the left ventricular outflow tract. In addition, this document describes prosthetic heart valve designs and techniques that reduce the risk of interference between the prosthetic valves and chordae tendineae.1. A prosthetic heart valve for implanting at a native valve annulus having a sub-annular gutter, the prosthetic heart valve comprising:
an anchor assembly configured for coupling with a native heart valve and comprising a hub member configured for releasable attachment to a delivery catheter; wherein, the anchor assembly comprises an expandable anchor frame defining an interior space and including the hub member and a first sub-annular support arm extending to a first surface configured for engagement with the sub-annular gutter of the native heart valve; and a valve assembly connected to the interior space of the anchor assembly and comprising an occluder having an open configuration adapted to allow open blood flow and a closed configuration adapted to occlude blood flow. 2. The prosthetic heart valve of claim 1 wherein the anchor assembly is configured for coupling with a native mitral valve. 3. The prosthetic heart valve of claim 1 wherein the occluder, in the closed configuration, completely blocks blood flow. 4. The prosthetic heart valve of claim 1 wherein the anchor and the valve assembly are two distinct structures and further wherein the valve assembly is coupled with the anchor assembly. 5. The prosthetic heart valve of claim 1 wherein the expandable anchor frame includes a second sub-annular support arm extending to a second surface configured for engagement with the sub-annular gutter of the native heart valve, wherein an angle between the first and second sub-annular support arms is between 100 degrees to 135 degrees. 6. The prosthetic heart valve of claim 5 wherein the first anchor surface of the expandable anchor frame is positioned to contact a first anterior portion of the sub-annular gutter and the second anchor surface of the expandable anchor frame is positioned to contact a first posterior portion of the sub-annular gutter. 7. The prosthetic heart valve of claim 6 wherein the expandable anchor frame includes a third anchor surface and a fourth anchor surface, the third anchor surface positioned to contact a second anterior portion of the sub-annular gutter and the fourth anchor surface positioned to contact a second posterior portion of the sub-annular gutter. 8. The prosthetic heart valve of claim 7 wherein, in an implanted configuration, the first anchor surface and the third anchor surface are spaced apart from each other by a distance of between about 30 mm to about 45 mm. 9. The prosthetic heart valve of claim 7 wherein the anchor surfaces are positioned at locations adapted to minimize inhibition of the native heart valve leaflets. 10. The prosthetic heart valve of claim 1 wherein the first the anchor surface includes an atraumatic surface adapted to inhibit the first anchor surface from penetrating the tissue of the native heart valve. 11. A method of implanting a prosthetic heart valve at a native heart valve annulus having a sub-annular gutter, the method comprising:
providing a prosthetic heart valve including an expandable anchor frame having a hub member configured for releasable attachment to a delivery catheter and a first sub-annular support arm extending to a first anchor surface configured for engagement with the sub-annular gutter of the native heart valve, and the prosthetic heart valve further including a valve assembly coupleable with the anchor assembly and including an occluder having an open configuration adapted to allow open blood flow and a closed configuration adapted to occlude blood flow; coupling a delivery catheter to the hub of the expandable anchor frame; advancing expandable anchor frame using the delivery catheter to the native heart valve site; and deploying the expandable anchor frame such that the first anchor surface engages the sub-annular gutter of the native heart valve. 12. The method of claim 11 wherein the expandable anchor frame is adapted for coupling with a native mitral valve and further wherein the expandable anchor frame includes a second sub-annular support arm extending to a second anchor surface configured for engagement with the sub-annular gutter of the native mitral valve, wherein an angle between the first and second sub-annular support arms is between 100 degrees and 135 degrees. 13. The method of claim 12 wherein the first anchor surface of the expandable anchor frame is positioned to contact a first anterior portion of the sub-annular gutter and the second anchor surface of the expandable anchor frame is positioned to contact a first posterior portion of the sub-annular gutter. 14. The method of claim 11 wherein the deploying step includes positioning the first anchor surface at a location of the sub-annular gutter that minimizes inhibition of the native heart valve leaflets. 15. The method of claim 11 wherein the occluder, in the closed configuration, completely blocks blood flow. 16. The method of claim 11 wherein the first the anchor surface includes an atraumatic surface adapted to inhibit the first anchor surface from penetrating the tissue of the native heart valve. 17. The method of claim 11 further comprising the step of releasing the delivery catheter from the hub of the expandable anchor frame and withdrawing the catheter from the native heart valve site. 18. The method of claim 11 wherein, before the advancing step, the valve assembly is coupled with the expandable anchor frame such that the valve assembly and expandable anchor frame are advanced together to the native mitral valve site. 19. The method of claim 17 further comprising advancing the valve assembly to the native mitral valve site. 20. The method of claim 19 further comprising releasing the valve assembly such that it expands and couples with an interior surface of the expandable anchor frame. | 3,600 |
340,035 | 16,801,037 | 3,675 | A non-transitory machine-readable storage medium is described that determines whether an object can be stored in a most recently created bucket in a data structure based on a time window associated with the bucket, and if the object cannot be stored in the most recently created bucket, a new bucket is created to replace a bucket that is associated with an expired time window, and the object is stored in the new bucket. | 1. A non-transitory machine-readable storage medium encoded with instructions that, when executed, cause at least one processor that has access to a data structure comprising a plurality of buckets, in which each bucket is associated with a time window, to:
determine whether an object can be stored in a most recently created one of the plurality of buckets in dependence on the time window associated with the most recently created bucket; and based on determining that the object cannot be stored in the most recently created bucket: create a new bucket; replace a bucket that is associated with an expired time window with the new bucket; and store the object in the new bucket. 2. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 1, wherein the time window associated with each bucket has a duration that is dependent on a time to live value, TTL, of objects to be stored in the bucket. 3. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 2, wherein the bucket associated with an expired time window stores objects for which the time elapsed since the object was created is greater than the TTL. 4. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 1, wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause the at least one processor to store the object in the most recently created bucket based on determining that the object can be stored in the most recently created bucket. 5. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 1, wherein the determining whether an object can be stored in the most recently created bucket comprises determining whether the time window associated with the most recently created bucket is a current time window. 6. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 5, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the at least one processor to:
store the object into the most recently created bucket based on the time window associated with the most recently created bucket being a current time window, and create a new bucket into which to store the object based on the time window associated with the most recently created bucket being a time window that precedes a current time window. 7. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 5, wherein the determining whether the time window associated with the most recently created bucket is a current time window comprises comparing a first window identifier of the time window associated with a selected bucket, with a second window identifier of the current time window, wherein the first window identifier is based on a first system time value at the time of creation of the selected bucket, and the second window identifier is based on a second system time value representing the current time. 8. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 7, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the at least one processor to calculate the first and second window identifiers by taking the integer result of the division of the first and second system time values respectively, by a time window length, based on a time to live, TTL, of objects to be stored in the data structure. 9. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 1, wherein the creating a new bucket comprises allocating an area of memory to the new bucket in dependence on a current time window identifier that represents a current time window. 10. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 9, wherein the area of memory allocated to the new bucket is the same as an area of memory allocated to a bucket having an expired time window. 11. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 9, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the at least one processor to allocate the memory at an index position within the data structure, and calculate the index position as:
the current time window identifier MODULO n, where n is the number of buckets. 12. A non-transitory machine-readable storage medium encoded with instructions that, when executed, cause at least one processor that has access to a data structure comprising a plurality of buckets, in which each bucket is associated with a time window that is represented by a time window identifier, to:
determine at least one bucket for which the time window has not expired; and search for the object in each of the at least one bucket for which the time window has not expired. 13. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 12, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the at least one processor to allocate a value indicating that a bucket is empty to each bucket that is associated with an expired time window, and search for an object only in a bucket that is not allocated a value that indicates that it is empty. 14. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 12, wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause the at least on processor to retrieve an object, and where the object is an object that is to be retained in the data structure for longer than a time to live, TTL, associated with the objects in the data structure, write the object to a bucket associated with a current time window. 15. A computer system comprising:
at least one processor that has access to a data structure comprising a plurality of buckets, in which each bucket is associated with a time window; and at least one memory comprising instructions that when executed, cause the at least one processor to:
determine whether an object can be stored in a most recently created one of the plurality of buckets in dependence on the time window associated with the most recently created bucket; and
based on determining that the object cannot be stored in the most recently created bucket:
create a new bucket;
replace a bucket that is associated with an expired time window with the new bucket; and
store the object in the new bucket. | A non-transitory machine-readable storage medium is described that determines whether an object can be stored in a most recently created bucket in a data structure based on a time window associated with the bucket, and if the object cannot be stored in the most recently created bucket, a new bucket is created to replace a bucket that is associated with an expired time window, and the object is stored in the new bucket.1. A non-transitory machine-readable storage medium encoded with instructions that, when executed, cause at least one processor that has access to a data structure comprising a plurality of buckets, in which each bucket is associated with a time window, to:
determine whether an object can be stored in a most recently created one of the plurality of buckets in dependence on the time window associated with the most recently created bucket; and based on determining that the object cannot be stored in the most recently created bucket: create a new bucket; replace a bucket that is associated with an expired time window with the new bucket; and store the object in the new bucket. 2. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 1, wherein the time window associated with each bucket has a duration that is dependent on a time to live value, TTL, of objects to be stored in the bucket. 3. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 2, wherein the bucket associated with an expired time window stores objects for which the time elapsed since the object was created is greater than the TTL. 4. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 1, wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause the at least one processor to store the object in the most recently created bucket based on determining that the object can be stored in the most recently created bucket. 5. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 1, wherein the determining whether an object can be stored in the most recently created bucket comprises determining whether the time window associated with the most recently created bucket is a current time window. 6. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 5, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the at least one processor to:
store the object into the most recently created bucket based on the time window associated with the most recently created bucket being a current time window, and create a new bucket into which to store the object based on the time window associated with the most recently created bucket being a time window that precedes a current time window. 7. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 5, wherein the determining whether the time window associated with the most recently created bucket is a current time window comprises comparing a first window identifier of the time window associated with a selected bucket, with a second window identifier of the current time window, wherein the first window identifier is based on a first system time value at the time of creation of the selected bucket, and the second window identifier is based on a second system time value representing the current time. 8. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 7, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the at least one processor to calculate the first and second window identifiers by taking the integer result of the division of the first and second system time values respectively, by a time window length, based on a time to live, TTL, of objects to be stored in the data structure. 9. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 1, wherein the creating a new bucket comprises allocating an area of memory to the new bucket in dependence on a current time window identifier that represents a current time window. 10. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 9, wherein the area of memory allocated to the new bucket is the same as an area of memory allocated to a bucket having an expired time window. 11. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 9, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the at least one processor to allocate the memory at an index position within the data structure, and calculate the index position as:
the current time window identifier MODULO n, where n is the number of buckets. 12. A non-transitory machine-readable storage medium encoded with instructions that, when executed, cause at least one processor that has access to a data structure comprising a plurality of buckets, in which each bucket is associated with a time window that is represented by a time window identifier, to:
determine at least one bucket for which the time window has not expired; and search for the object in each of the at least one bucket for which the time window has not expired. 13. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 12, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the at least one processor to allocate a value indicating that a bucket is empty to each bucket that is associated with an expired time window, and search for an object only in a bucket that is not allocated a value that indicates that it is empty. 14. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 12, wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause the at least on processor to retrieve an object, and where the object is an object that is to be retained in the data structure for longer than a time to live, TTL, associated with the objects in the data structure, write the object to a bucket associated with a current time window. 15. A computer system comprising:
at least one processor that has access to a data structure comprising a plurality of buckets, in which each bucket is associated with a time window; and at least one memory comprising instructions that when executed, cause the at least one processor to:
determine whether an object can be stored in a most recently created one of the plurality of buckets in dependence on the time window associated with the most recently created bucket; and
based on determining that the object cannot be stored in the most recently created bucket:
create a new bucket;
replace a bucket that is associated with an expired time window with the new bucket; and
store the object in the new bucket. | 3,600 |
340,036 | 16,801,009 | 3,675 | The invention provides methods of diagnosing and treating multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, including methods of identifying and treating multiple sclerosis patients who are at increased risk of developing a secondary autoimmune disease following lymphocyte depletion, caused, e.g., by treatment with an anti-CD52 antibody. Also embraced are methods of selecting treatment regimens for MS patients, and reagents useful in the above methods. | 1. A method for detecting elevated IL-21 level in a multiple sclerosis (MS) patient, comprising the steps of:
a) obtaining a blood sample from an MS patient, measuring the IL-21 level in the blood sample, and comparing the IL-21 level to the IL-21 level in a control blood sample from a subject without an autoimmune disease; or b) obtaining a DNA sample from an MS patient, and genotyping the patient to detect the presence or absence of one or more genotypes of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) selected from the group consisting of: A/A at SNP rs13151961, G/G at SNP rs6822844, and C/C at SNP rs6840978. 2. A method for treating a multiple sclerosis (MS) patient, comprising the steps of:
a) selecting an MS patient who has been diagnosed as being in need of heightened monitoring for development of a secondary autoimmune disease after lymphocyte depleting therapy, wherein the need has been diagnosed by
(i) measuring IL-21 in a blood sample from the patient, or
(ii) determining the presence or absence of one or more genotypes of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) selected from the group consisting of: A/A at SNP rs13151961, G/G at SNP rs6822844, and C/C at SNP rs6840978,
wherein elevated IL-21 in said patient compared to a subject without an autoimmune disease or the presence of one or more of said SNPs indicates that the patient is in need of heightened monitoring for development of a secondary autoimmune disease after lymphocyte depleting therapy, compared to MS patients without elevated IL-21 or without said SNPs;
administering a therapeutic agent that targets CD52-bearing cells to said patient; and monitoring said patient for development of a secondary autoimmune disease; or b) selecting a patient who has been diagnosed as not being at increased risk of developing a secondary autoimmune disease after lymphocyte depletion therapy, wherein the risk has been diagnosed by
(i) measuring IL-21 in a blood sample from the patient, or
(ii) determining the presence or absence of one or more genotypes of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) selected from the group consisting of: A/A at SNP rs13151961, G/G at SNP rs6822844 G/G, and C/C at SNP rs6840978,
wherein a normal IL-21 level compared to a subject without an autoimmune disease or the absence of said SNPs indicates that the patient is not at increased risk of developing a secondary autoimmune disease after lymphocyte depletion therapy, compared to MS patients without elevated IL-21 or without said SNPs; and
administering a therapeutic agent that targets CD52-bearing cells to said patient. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising administering an IL-21 antagonist to the patient. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the measuring is of serum IL-21. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the secondary autoimmune disease is selected from the group consisting of: immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), Graves' disease, Goodpasture's disease, autoimmune thyroid disease, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, autoimmune neutropenia, and autoimmune lymphopenia. 6. The method of claim 2, wherein the blood sample is obtained from the patient prior to a lymphocyte depleting therapy. 7. The method of claim 2, wherein the multiple sclerosis is relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, primary progressive multiple sclerosis, or secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. 8. The method of claim 2, wherein the therapeutic agent that targets CD52-bearing cells is an anti-CD52 antibody or an antigen-binding portion thereof. 9. The method of claim 2, wherein the therapeutic agent that targets CD52-bearing cells is alemtuzumab. 10. A kit for performing the method of claim 2, comprising:
an anti-interleukin-21 (IL-21) antibody and one or more reagents for detecting the binding of said antibody to IL-21 in a blood sample from the MS patient; and/or one or more reagents suitable for identifying the genotype of one or more single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) selected from the group consisting of: SNP rs13151961, SNP rs6822844, and SNP rs6840978, in a sample obtained from an individual; and a therapeutic agent that targets CD52-bearing cells. 11. A method for assessing T cell responsiveness to treatment with a lymphocyte depleting therapy in a multiple sclerosis patient, comprising:
measuring caspase-3 in T cells obtained from said patient after said therapy, wherein an increase in caspase-3 in said T cells compared to T cells from an MS patient not receiving said therapy is indicative of T cell responsiveness to said therapy. | The invention provides methods of diagnosing and treating multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, including methods of identifying and treating multiple sclerosis patients who are at increased risk of developing a secondary autoimmune disease following lymphocyte depletion, caused, e.g., by treatment with an anti-CD52 antibody. Also embraced are methods of selecting treatment regimens for MS patients, and reagents useful in the above methods.1. A method for detecting elevated IL-21 level in a multiple sclerosis (MS) patient, comprising the steps of:
a) obtaining a blood sample from an MS patient, measuring the IL-21 level in the blood sample, and comparing the IL-21 level to the IL-21 level in a control blood sample from a subject without an autoimmune disease; or b) obtaining a DNA sample from an MS patient, and genotyping the patient to detect the presence or absence of one or more genotypes of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) selected from the group consisting of: A/A at SNP rs13151961, G/G at SNP rs6822844, and C/C at SNP rs6840978. 2. A method for treating a multiple sclerosis (MS) patient, comprising the steps of:
a) selecting an MS patient who has been diagnosed as being in need of heightened monitoring for development of a secondary autoimmune disease after lymphocyte depleting therapy, wherein the need has been diagnosed by
(i) measuring IL-21 in a blood sample from the patient, or
(ii) determining the presence or absence of one or more genotypes of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) selected from the group consisting of: A/A at SNP rs13151961, G/G at SNP rs6822844, and C/C at SNP rs6840978,
wherein elevated IL-21 in said patient compared to a subject without an autoimmune disease or the presence of one or more of said SNPs indicates that the patient is in need of heightened monitoring for development of a secondary autoimmune disease after lymphocyte depleting therapy, compared to MS patients without elevated IL-21 or without said SNPs;
administering a therapeutic agent that targets CD52-bearing cells to said patient; and monitoring said patient for development of a secondary autoimmune disease; or b) selecting a patient who has been diagnosed as not being at increased risk of developing a secondary autoimmune disease after lymphocyte depletion therapy, wherein the risk has been diagnosed by
(i) measuring IL-21 in a blood sample from the patient, or
(ii) determining the presence or absence of one or more genotypes of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) selected from the group consisting of: A/A at SNP rs13151961, G/G at SNP rs6822844 G/G, and C/C at SNP rs6840978,
wherein a normal IL-21 level compared to a subject without an autoimmune disease or the absence of said SNPs indicates that the patient is not at increased risk of developing a secondary autoimmune disease after lymphocyte depletion therapy, compared to MS patients without elevated IL-21 or without said SNPs; and
administering a therapeutic agent that targets CD52-bearing cells to said patient. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising administering an IL-21 antagonist to the patient. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the measuring is of serum IL-21. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the secondary autoimmune disease is selected from the group consisting of: immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), Graves' disease, Goodpasture's disease, autoimmune thyroid disease, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, autoimmune neutropenia, and autoimmune lymphopenia. 6. The method of claim 2, wherein the blood sample is obtained from the patient prior to a lymphocyte depleting therapy. 7. The method of claim 2, wherein the multiple sclerosis is relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, primary progressive multiple sclerosis, or secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. 8. The method of claim 2, wherein the therapeutic agent that targets CD52-bearing cells is an anti-CD52 antibody or an antigen-binding portion thereof. 9. The method of claim 2, wherein the therapeutic agent that targets CD52-bearing cells is alemtuzumab. 10. A kit for performing the method of claim 2, comprising:
an anti-interleukin-21 (IL-21) antibody and one or more reagents for detecting the binding of said antibody to IL-21 in a blood sample from the MS patient; and/or one or more reagents suitable for identifying the genotype of one or more single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) selected from the group consisting of: SNP rs13151961, SNP rs6822844, and SNP rs6840978, in a sample obtained from an individual; and a therapeutic agent that targets CD52-bearing cells. 11. A method for assessing T cell responsiveness to treatment with a lymphocyte depleting therapy in a multiple sclerosis patient, comprising:
measuring caspase-3 in T cells obtained from said patient after said therapy, wherein an increase in caspase-3 in said T cells compared to T cells from an MS patient not receiving said therapy is indicative of T cell responsiveness to said therapy. | 3,600 |
340,037 | 16,801,031 | 3,675 | An apparatus includes a display control unit, a receiving unit, an adjusting unit, and a determination unit. The display control unit is configured to display an image showing a result of detection of a defect from a captured image of a structure on a display device. The receiving unit is configured to receive an operation to specify part of the displayed image as a first region and an operation to give an instruction to correct at least part of the detection data corresponding to the first region. The adjusting unit is configured to adjust a parameter to be applied to the first region according to the instruction. The determination unit is configured to determine one or more second regions to which the adjusted parameter is to be applied from a plurality of segmented regions of the image. | 1. An apparatus comprising:
an acquisition unit configured to acquire detection data indicating a result of detection of a defect from a captured image of a structure; a display control unit configured to display an image showing the detection data on a display device; a receiving unit configured to receive an operation to specify part of the displayed image as a first region and an instruction to correct at least part of the detection data corresponding to the first region; an adjusting unit configured to adjust a parameter related to the detection data and corresponding to the first region according to the received instruction; and a determination unit configured to determine one or more second regions to which the parameter applied to the first region is to be applied, the parameter being adjusted by the adjusting unit, from a plurality of partial regions obtained by segmenting the image. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the display control unit displays the image showing the detection data on the display device in a manner as to superpose the image on the captured image. 3. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a segmentation unit configured to segment the image into the plurality of partial regions, wherein the determination unit determines the one or more second regions from among the plurality of partial regions based on an attribute of the first region and an attribute of each of the plurality of partial regions. 4. The apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the determination unit determines a plurality of second-region candidates from among the plurality of partial regions based on an attribute of the first region and an attribute of each of the plurality of partial regions, wherein the display control unit displays the plurality of second-region candidates on the display device, and wherein the determination unit determines the one or more second regions from among the displayed second-region candidates according to a user operation on the plurality of displayed second-region candidates. 5. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the attribute comprises information on color, saturation, luminance, and texture of the image. 6. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the segmentation unit segments the image into the plurality of partial regions based on an attribute of the image. 7. The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the attribute comprises at least one of a feature of the image, the result of detection of the defect on the image, coordinates, and a histogram obtained from a convolutional neural network (CNN) feature. 8. The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the display control unit distinguishably displays, of the plurality of partial regions, the second-region candidates and a region other than the second-region candidates. 9. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the display control unit displays a boundary between the second-region candidates and the region other than the second-region candidates in a different color from a color of the image. 10. The apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the display control unit displays the image after superposing an image of a predetermined color on a region other than the second-region candidates or converting brightness of the region other than the second-region candidates. 11. The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the display control unit distinguishably displays the second-region candidates and other regions in sequence in units of the partial regions. 12. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the image showing the detection data is a binary image obtained by binarizing pixels of the captured image based on a score of each pixel indicating a possible defect. 13. The apparatus according to claim 12,
wherein the parameter is a threshold value for an area of a detected region of the binary image in which pixels that are determined to be possibly defects continue, and wherein a detected region whose area is smaller than the threshold value is deleted from the binary image by increasing the parameter. 14. The apparatus according to claim 12,
wherein the parameter is a threshold value for binarizing the score indicating the possible defect of each pixel of the captured image to generate the binary image, and wherein a pixel that exhibits the defect is increased in the binary image by decreasing the parameter. 15. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, after image processing is executed on the first region using a predetermined parameter, the adjusting unit repeats processing for generating an image showing the detection data while changing the parameter based on the instruction received by the receiving unit and determines a parameter to be applied to the first region based on a comparison between the image showing the detection result and the image requested by the instruction. 16. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the adjusting unit determines the parameter to be applied to the first region according to a user operation. 17. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a management unit configured to store the region specified as the first region in a storage unit, wherein the determination unit determines the one or more second regions from a region other than the region set as the first region. 18. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the defect comprises a crack generated on a surface of the structure. 19. A method for information processing executed by an apparatus, the method comprising:
acquiring detection data indicating a result of detection of a defect from a captured image of a structure; displaying an image showing the detection data on a display device; receiving an operation to specify part of the displayed image as a first region and an instruction to correct at least part of the detection data corresponding to the first region; adjusting a parameter to be applied to the first region according to the received instruction; and determining one or more second regions to which the parameter applied to the first region is to be applied, the parameter being adjusted by the adjusting unit, from a plurality of partial regions obtained by segmenting the image. 20. A non-transitory computer-readable recording medium storing a program that causes a computer to function as:
an acquisition unit configured to acquire detection data indicating a result of detection of a defect from a captured image of a structure; a display control unit configured to display an image showing the detection data on a display device; a receiving unit configured to receive an operation to specify part of the displayed image as a first region and an instruction to correct at least part of the detection data corresponding to the first region; an adjusting unit configured to adjust a parameter related to the detection data and corresponding to the first region according to the received instruction; and a determination unit configured to determine one or more second regions to which the parameter applied to the first region is to be applied, the parameter being adjusted by the adjusting unit, from a plurality of partial regions obtained by segmenting the image. | An apparatus includes a display control unit, a receiving unit, an adjusting unit, and a determination unit. The display control unit is configured to display an image showing a result of detection of a defect from a captured image of a structure on a display device. The receiving unit is configured to receive an operation to specify part of the displayed image as a first region and an operation to give an instruction to correct at least part of the detection data corresponding to the first region. The adjusting unit is configured to adjust a parameter to be applied to the first region according to the instruction. The determination unit is configured to determine one or more second regions to which the adjusted parameter is to be applied from a plurality of segmented regions of the image.1. An apparatus comprising:
an acquisition unit configured to acquire detection data indicating a result of detection of a defect from a captured image of a structure; a display control unit configured to display an image showing the detection data on a display device; a receiving unit configured to receive an operation to specify part of the displayed image as a first region and an instruction to correct at least part of the detection data corresponding to the first region; an adjusting unit configured to adjust a parameter related to the detection data and corresponding to the first region according to the received instruction; and a determination unit configured to determine one or more second regions to which the parameter applied to the first region is to be applied, the parameter being adjusted by the adjusting unit, from a plurality of partial regions obtained by segmenting the image. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the display control unit displays the image showing the detection data on the display device in a manner as to superpose the image on the captured image. 3. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a segmentation unit configured to segment the image into the plurality of partial regions, wherein the determination unit determines the one or more second regions from among the plurality of partial regions based on an attribute of the first region and an attribute of each of the plurality of partial regions. 4. The apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the determination unit determines a plurality of second-region candidates from among the plurality of partial regions based on an attribute of the first region and an attribute of each of the plurality of partial regions, wherein the display control unit displays the plurality of second-region candidates on the display device, and wherein the determination unit determines the one or more second regions from among the displayed second-region candidates according to a user operation on the plurality of displayed second-region candidates. 5. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the attribute comprises information on color, saturation, luminance, and texture of the image. 6. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the segmentation unit segments the image into the plurality of partial regions based on an attribute of the image. 7. The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the attribute comprises at least one of a feature of the image, the result of detection of the defect on the image, coordinates, and a histogram obtained from a convolutional neural network (CNN) feature. 8. The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the display control unit distinguishably displays, of the plurality of partial regions, the second-region candidates and a region other than the second-region candidates. 9. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the display control unit displays a boundary between the second-region candidates and the region other than the second-region candidates in a different color from a color of the image. 10. The apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the display control unit displays the image after superposing an image of a predetermined color on a region other than the second-region candidates or converting brightness of the region other than the second-region candidates. 11. The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the display control unit distinguishably displays the second-region candidates and other regions in sequence in units of the partial regions. 12. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the image showing the detection data is a binary image obtained by binarizing pixels of the captured image based on a score of each pixel indicating a possible defect. 13. The apparatus according to claim 12,
wherein the parameter is a threshold value for an area of a detected region of the binary image in which pixels that are determined to be possibly defects continue, and wherein a detected region whose area is smaller than the threshold value is deleted from the binary image by increasing the parameter. 14. The apparatus according to claim 12,
wherein the parameter is a threshold value for binarizing the score indicating the possible defect of each pixel of the captured image to generate the binary image, and wherein a pixel that exhibits the defect is increased in the binary image by decreasing the parameter. 15. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, after image processing is executed on the first region using a predetermined parameter, the adjusting unit repeats processing for generating an image showing the detection data while changing the parameter based on the instruction received by the receiving unit and determines a parameter to be applied to the first region based on a comparison between the image showing the detection result and the image requested by the instruction. 16. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the adjusting unit determines the parameter to be applied to the first region according to a user operation. 17. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a management unit configured to store the region specified as the first region in a storage unit, wherein the determination unit determines the one or more second regions from a region other than the region set as the first region. 18. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the defect comprises a crack generated on a surface of the structure. 19. A method for information processing executed by an apparatus, the method comprising:
acquiring detection data indicating a result of detection of a defect from a captured image of a structure; displaying an image showing the detection data on a display device; receiving an operation to specify part of the displayed image as a first region and an instruction to correct at least part of the detection data corresponding to the first region; adjusting a parameter to be applied to the first region according to the received instruction; and determining one or more second regions to which the parameter applied to the first region is to be applied, the parameter being adjusted by the adjusting unit, from a plurality of partial regions obtained by segmenting the image. 20. A non-transitory computer-readable recording medium storing a program that causes a computer to function as:
an acquisition unit configured to acquire detection data indicating a result of detection of a defect from a captured image of a structure; a display control unit configured to display an image showing the detection data on a display device; a receiving unit configured to receive an operation to specify part of the displayed image as a first region and an instruction to correct at least part of the detection data corresponding to the first region; an adjusting unit configured to adjust a parameter related to the detection data and corresponding to the first region according to the received instruction; and a determination unit configured to determine one or more second regions to which the parameter applied to the first region is to be applied, the parameter being adjusted by the adjusting unit, from a plurality of partial regions obtained by segmenting the image. | 3,600 |
340,038 | 16,801,001 | 3,675 | A method for preparing a borehole for fracturing including inserting an assembly comprising a fracture plug, a setting tool, a perforating gun and a controller into a borehole, delivering the assembly to a target location, automatically recognizing the target location, automatically setting the plug of the assembly at the target location, and automatically initiating the gun of the assembly to perforate the borehole. | 1. A method for preparing a borehole for fracturing comprising:
inserting an assembly comprising a fracture plug, a setting tool, a perforating gun and a controller into a borehole; delivering the assembly to a target location; automatically recognizing the target location; automatically setting the plug of the assembly at the target location; and automatically initiating the gun of the assembly to perforate the borehole. 2. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the delivering is dropping. 3. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the delivering includes pumping. 4. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the recognizing is by sensing one or more of a physical feature, an electromagnetic feature, a radiologic feature or a chemical feature. 5. The method as claimed in claim 4 wherein the physical feature is a casing collar, a recess or a profile. 6. The method as claimed in claim 4 wherein the electromagnetic feature is a field. 7. The method as claimed in claim 4 wherein the electromagnetic feature is a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tag. 8. The method as claimed in claim 4 wherein the radiologic feature is a seismic signal or a gamma ray signature. 9. The method as claimed in claim 4 wherein the chemical feature is a chemical signature. 10. A method for fracturing a borehole comprising:
inserting an assembly comprising a fracture plug, a setting tool, a perforating gun and a controller into a borehole; delivering the assembly to a target location; automatically recognizing the target location; automatically setting the plug of the assembly at the target location; automatically initiating the gun of the assembly to perforate the borehole; and pressuring on the borehole to fracture a formation surrounding the borehole. 11. The method as claimed in claim 10 further comprising milling the assembly out of the borehole. 12. A fracturing assembly for a borehole comprising:
a fracturing plug; a setting tool operably connected to the fracturing plug; a perforating gun assembled in the assembly; a controller disposed in the assembly, the controller configured to sense location of the assembly and upon the assembly reaching a target location, the controller configured to autonomously cause setting of the fracturing plug and the firing of the gun. 13. The assembly as claimed in claim 12 further including a physical feature sensor. 14. The assembly as claimed in claim 12 further including a electromagnetic feature sensor. 15. The assembly as claimed in claim 12 further including a radiologic feature sensor. 16. The assembly as claimed in claim 12 further including a chemical feature sensor. 17. The assembly as claimed in claim 12 further including a braking system. 18. The assembly as claimed in claim 17 wherein the braking system includes an extendable arm. 19. The assembly as claimed in claim 12 further including a perforating gun interlock. 20. A fracturing assembly for a borehole consisting of:
a fracturing plug; a setting tool operably connected to the fracturing plug; a perforating gun assembled in the assembly; a controller disposed in the assembly, the controller configured to sense location of the assembly and upon the assembly reaching a target location, the controller configured to autonomously cause setting of the fracturing plug and the firing of the gun. 21. A borehole system having a fracturing assembly as claimed in claim 12 therein. 22. A borehole system having a fracturing assembly as claimed in claim 20 therein. | A method for preparing a borehole for fracturing including inserting an assembly comprising a fracture plug, a setting tool, a perforating gun and a controller into a borehole, delivering the assembly to a target location, automatically recognizing the target location, automatically setting the plug of the assembly at the target location, and automatically initiating the gun of the assembly to perforate the borehole.1. A method for preparing a borehole for fracturing comprising:
inserting an assembly comprising a fracture plug, a setting tool, a perforating gun and a controller into a borehole; delivering the assembly to a target location; automatically recognizing the target location; automatically setting the plug of the assembly at the target location; and automatically initiating the gun of the assembly to perforate the borehole. 2. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the delivering is dropping. 3. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the delivering includes pumping. 4. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the recognizing is by sensing one or more of a physical feature, an electromagnetic feature, a radiologic feature or a chemical feature. 5. The method as claimed in claim 4 wherein the physical feature is a casing collar, a recess or a profile. 6. The method as claimed in claim 4 wherein the electromagnetic feature is a field. 7. The method as claimed in claim 4 wherein the electromagnetic feature is a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tag. 8. The method as claimed in claim 4 wherein the radiologic feature is a seismic signal or a gamma ray signature. 9. The method as claimed in claim 4 wherein the chemical feature is a chemical signature. 10. A method for fracturing a borehole comprising:
inserting an assembly comprising a fracture plug, a setting tool, a perforating gun and a controller into a borehole; delivering the assembly to a target location; automatically recognizing the target location; automatically setting the plug of the assembly at the target location; automatically initiating the gun of the assembly to perforate the borehole; and pressuring on the borehole to fracture a formation surrounding the borehole. 11. The method as claimed in claim 10 further comprising milling the assembly out of the borehole. 12. A fracturing assembly for a borehole comprising:
a fracturing plug; a setting tool operably connected to the fracturing plug; a perforating gun assembled in the assembly; a controller disposed in the assembly, the controller configured to sense location of the assembly and upon the assembly reaching a target location, the controller configured to autonomously cause setting of the fracturing plug and the firing of the gun. 13. The assembly as claimed in claim 12 further including a physical feature sensor. 14. The assembly as claimed in claim 12 further including a electromagnetic feature sensor. 15. The assembly as claimed in claim 12 further including a radiologic feature sensor. 16. The assembly as claimed in claim 12 further including a chemical feature sensor. 17. The assembly as claimed in claim 12 further including a braking system. 18. The assembly as claimed in claim 17 wherein the braking system includes an extendable arm. 19. The assembly as claimed in claim 12 further including a perforating gun interlock. 20. A fracturing assembly for a borehole consisting of:
a fracturing plug; a setting tool operably connected to the fracturing plug; a perforating gun assembled in the assembly; a controller disposed in the assembly, the controller configured to sense location of the assembly and upon the assembly reaching a target location, the controller configured to autonomously cause setting of the fracturing plug and the firing of the gun. 21. A borehole system having a fracturing assembly as claimed in claim 12 therein. 22. A borehole system having a fracturing assembly as claimed in claim 20 therein. | 3,600 |
340,039 | 16,801,000 | 3,675 | Provided herein are methods of using compounds and compositions for treating, managing, and/or preventing systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Pharmaceutical compositions and dosing regimens for use in the methods are also provided herein. | 1-35. (canceled) 36. A method of assessing the efficacy of a compound of formula I 37. The method of claim 36, further comprising adjusting the amount of the compound administered to the subject. 38. The method of claim 36, wherein (i) the reference is prepared by using a second sample obtained from a healthy subject not having SLE; and wherein the second sample is from the same source as the first sample; or (ii) wherein the reference is prepared by using a second sample obtained from the subject before administration of the compound; and wherein the second sample is from the same source as the first sample. 39. (canceled) 40. The method of claim 36, wherein the biomarker is CRBN, IKZF1, or IKZF3. 41. (canceled) 42. (canceled) 43. The method of claim 36, wherein the biomarker is an SLE autoantibody. 44. The method of claim 43, wherein the SLE autoantibody is an anti-dsDNA autoantibody. 45. The method of claim 43, wherein the SLE autoantibody is an anti-phospholipid autoantibody. 46. The method of claim 36, wherein the biomarker is peripheral blood B cell count. 47. The method of claim 36, wherein the biomarker is peripheral blood T cell count. 48. The method of claim 36, wherein the biomarker is IL-1β. 49. The method of claim 36, wherein the biomarker is CRBN, IKZF1, IKZF3, an SLE antibody, peripheral blood B cell count, peripheral blood T cell count, or IL-1β, and wherein a decrease in the level of the biomarker in the first sample as compared to the reference is indicative of the efficacy of the compound in treating SLE. 50. The method of claim 36, wherein the biomarker is IL-2. 51. The method of claim 50, wherein an increase in the level of the biomarker in the first sample as compared to the reference is indicative of the efficacy of the compound in treating SLE. 52. The method of claim 36, wherein the level of only one of the biomarkers is measured. 53. The method of claim 36, wherein the levels of two or more of the biomarkers are measured. 54. (canceled) 55. The method of claim 36, wherein the first sample is peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) or whole blood leukocyte. 56. The method of claim 55, wherein the whole blood leukocyte is CD19+ B cells, CD3+ T cells, CD14+ monocytes, or granulocytes. 57. The method of claim 36, wherein the levels of one or more of the biomarkers are measured by determining the mRNA, cDNA, or protein levels of the biomarkers. 58. (canceled) 59. (canceled) 60. The method of claim 36, wherein the compound is (S)-3-(4-((4-(morpholinomethyl)benzyl)oxy)-1-oxoisoindolin-2-yl)piperidine-2,6-dione. 61. The method of claim 36, wherein the compound is (S)-3-(4-((4-(morpholinomethyl)benzyl)oxy)-1-oxoisoindolin-2-yl)piperidine-2,6-dione hydrochloride. 62. A compound, which is: | Provided herein are methods of using compounds and compositions for treating, managing, and/or preventing systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Pharmaceutical compositions and dosing regimens for use in the methods are also provided herein.1-35. (canceled) 36. A method of assessing the efficacy of a compound of formula I 37. The method of claim 36, further comprising adjusting the amount of the compound administered to the subject. 38. The method of claim 36, wherein (i) the reference is prepared by using a second sample obtained from a healthy subject not having SLE; and wherein the second sample is from the same source as the first sample; or (ii) wherein the reference is prepared by using a second sample obtained from the subject before administration of the compound; and wherein the second sample is from the same source as the first sample. 39. (canceled) 40. The method of claim 36, wherein the biomarker is CRBN, IKZF1, or IKZF3. 41. (canceled) 42. (canceled) 43. The method of claim 36, wherein the biomarker is an SLE autoantibody. 44. The method of claim 43, wherein the SLE autoantibody is an anti-dsDNA autoantibody. 45. The method of claim 43, wherein the SLE autoantibody is an anti-phospholipid autoantibody. 46. The method of claim 36, wherein the biomarker is peripheral blood B cell count. 47. The method of claim 36, wherein the biomarker is peripheral blood T cell count. 48. The method of claim 36, wherein the biomarker is IL-1β. 49. The method of claim 36, wherein the biomarker is CRBN, IKZF1, IKZF3, an SLE antibody, peripheral blood B cell count, peripheral blood T cell count, or IL-1β, and wherein a decrease in the level of the biomarker in the first sample as compared to the reference is indicative of the efficacy of the compound in treating SLE. 50. The method of claim 36, wherein the biomarker is IL-2. 51. The method of claim 50, wherein an increase in the level of the biomarker in the first sample as compared to the reference is indicative of the efficacy of the compound in treating SLE. 52. The method of claim 36, wherein the level of only one of the biomarkers is measured. 53. The method of claim 36, wherein the levels of two or more of the biomarkers are measured. 54. (canceled) 55. The method of claim 36, wherein the first sample is peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) or whole blood leukocyte. 56. The method of claim 55, wherein the whole blood leukocyte is CD19+ B cells, CD3+ T cells, CD14+ monocytes, or granulocytes. 57. The method of claim 36, wherein the levels of one or more of the biomarkers are measured by determining the mRNA, cDNA, or protein levels of the biomarkers. 58. (canceled) 59. (canceled) 60. The method of claim 36, wherein the compound is (S)-3-(4-((4-(morpholinomethyl)benzyl)oxy)-1-oxoisoindolin-2-yl)piperidine-2,6-dione. 61. The method of claim 36, wherein the compound is (S)-3-(4-((4-(morpholinomethyl)benzyl)oxy)-1-oxoisoindolin-2-yl)piperidine-2,6-dione hydrochloride. 62. A compound, which is: | 3,600 |
340,040 | 16,800,994 | 3,675 | Systems and methods for providing adaptive and responsive media are disclosed. In various implementations, a video for playback is received at a user device having a plurality of associated properties. Based on at least one of the properties, a first state of the video is configured, and the video is presented according to the first state. During playback of the video, a change in one of the device properties is detected, and the video is seamlessly transitioned to a second state based on the change. | 1-20. (canceled) 21. A computer-implemented method comprising:
receiving, from a sensor embedded within a mobile device, an indication of a physical orientation of the user device; simultaneously receiving at the user device over a network a first video file having a first aspect ratio and a second, different video file having a second aspect ratio; storing, on the user device, the first video file and the second video file; presenting the first video file on the user device based on the orientation associated with the user device; and during presentation of the first video file on the user device:
receiving, from the sensor, an indication that a change in orientation of the user device has occurred; and
in response to the change in orientation, retrieving the second video file from storage on the user device and seamlessly transitioning from presentation of the first video file to presentation of the second video file on the user device. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein presenting the first video file according to the orientation of the device further comprises setting a quality of presentation of the first video file. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein presenting the first video file according to the orientation of the device further comprises setting a viewing region of the first video file to a partial dimensional area of the first video file. 24. The method of claim 21, wherein presenting the first video file according to the orientation of the device further comprises setting a viewing region of the first video file to a full dimensional area of the first video file. 25. The method of claim 21, further comprising:
playing a first audio file during presentation of the first video file on the user device; and in response to the change in the orientation of the device, seamlessly transitioning from playing the first audio file to playing a second, different audio file on the user device. 26. The method of claim 21, further comprising, in transitioning to presentation of the second video file, modifying a position, a shape, and/or a size of a viewing region of the second video file. 27. A system comprising:
at least one memory storing computer-executable instructions; and at least one processor for executing the instructions stored on the memory, wherein execution of the instructions programs the at least one processor to perform operations comprising:
receiving, from a sensor embedded within a mobile device, an indication of a physical orientation of the user device;
simultaneously receiving at the user device over a network a first video file having a first aspect ratio and a second, different video file having a second aspect ratio;
storing, on the user device, the first video file and the second video file;
presenting the first video file on the user device based on the orientation associated with the user device; and
during presentation of the first video file on the user device:
receiving, from the sensor, an indication that a change in orientation of the user device has occurred; and
in response to the change in orientation, retrieving the second video file from storage on the user device and seamlessly transitioning from presentation of the first video file to presentation of the second video file on the user device. 28. The system of claim 27, wherein presenting the first video file according to the orientation of the device further comprises setting a quality of presentation of the first video file. 29. The system of claim 27, wherein presenting the first video file according to the orientation of the device further comprises setting a viewing region of the first video file to a partial dimensional area of the first video file. 30. The system of claim 27, wherein presenting the first video file according to the orientation of the device further comprises setting a viewing region of the first video file to a full dimensional area of the first video file. 31. The system of claim 27, wherein the operations further comprise:
playing a first audio file during presentation of the first video file on the user device; and in response to the change in the orientation of the device, seamlessly transitioning from playing the first audio file to playing a second, different audio file on the user device. 32. The system of claim 27, wherein the operations further comprise, in transitioning to presentation of the second video file, modifying a position, a shape, and/or a size of a viewing region of the second video file. | Systems and methods for providing adaptive and responsive media are disclosed. In various implementations, a video for playback is received at a user device having a plurality of associated properties. Based on at least one of the properties, a first state of the video is configured, and the video is presented according to the first state. During playback of the video, a change in one of the device properties is detected, and the video is seamlessly transitioned to a second state based on the change.1-20. (canceled) 21. A computer-implemented method comprising:
receiving, from a sensor embedded within a mobile device, an indication of a physical orientation of the user device; simultaneously receiving at the user device over a network a first video file having a first aspect ratio and a second, different video file having a second aspect ratio; storing, on the user device, the first video file and the second video file; presenting the first video file on the user device based on the orientation associated with the user device; and during presentation of the first video file on the user device:
receiving, from the sensor, an indication that a change in orientation of the user device has occurred; and
in response to the change in orientation, retrieving the second video file from storage on the user device and seamlessly transitioning from presentation of the first video file to presentation of the second video file on the user device. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein presenting the first video file according to the orientation of the device further comprises setting a quality of presentation of the first video file. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein presenting the first video file according to the orientation of the device further comprises setting a viewing region of the first video file to a partial dimensional area of the first video file. 24. The method of claim 21, wherein presenting the first video file according to the orientation of the device further comprises setting a viewing region of the first video file to a full dimensional area of the first video file. 25. The method of claim 21, further comprising:
playing a first audio file during presentation of the first video file on the user device; and in response to the change in the orientation of the device, seamlessly transitioning from playing the first audio file to playing a second, different audio file on the user device. 26. The method of claim 21, further comprising, in transitioning to presentation of the second video file, modifying a position, a shape, and/or a size of a viewing region of the second video file. 27. A system comprising:
at least one memory storing computer-executable instructions; and at least one processor for executing the instructions stored on the memory, wherein execution of the instructions programs the at least one processor to perform operations comprising:
receiving, from a sensor embedded within a mobile device, an indication of a physical orientation of the user device;
simultaneously receiving at the user device over a network a first video file having a first aspect ratio and a second, different video file having a second aspect ratio;
storing, on the user device, the first video file and the second video file;
presenting the first video file on the user device based on the orientation associated with the user device; and
during presentation of the first video file on the user device:
receiving, from the sensor, an indication that a change in orientation of the user device has occurred; and
in response to the change in orientation, retrieving the second video file from storage on the user device and seamlessly transitioning from presentation of the first video file to presentation of the second video file on the user device. 28. The system of claim 27, wherein presenting the first video file according to the orientation of the device further comprises setting a quality of presentation of the first video file. 29. The system of claim 27, wherein presenting the first video file according to the orientation of the device further comprises setting a viewing region of the first video file to a partial dimensional area of the first video file. 30. The system of claim 27, wherein presenting the first video file according to the orientation of the device further comprises setting a viewing region of the first video file to a full dimensional area of the first video file. 31. The system of claim 27, wherein the operations further comprise:
playing a first audio file during presentation of the first video file on the user device; and in response to the change in the orientation of the device, seamlessly transitioning from playing the first audio file to playing a second, different audio file on the user device. 32. The system of claim 27, wherein the operations further comprise, in transitioning to presentation of the second video file, modifying a position, a shape, and/or a size of a viewing region of the second video file. | 3,600 |
340,041 | 16,801,021 | 2,896 | The present invention provides an apparatus and a corresponding method useful for electron paramagnetic resonance imaging, in situ and in vivo, using high-isolation transmit/receive (TX/RX) coils, which, in some embodiments, provide microenvironmental images that are representative of particular internal structures in the human body and spatially resolved images of tissue/cell protein signals responding to conditions (such as hypoxia) that show the temporal sequence of certain biological processes, and, in some embodiments, that distinguish malignant tissue from healthy tissue. In some embodiments, the TX/RX coils are in a surface, volume or surface-volume configuration. In some embodiments, the transmit coils are oriented to generate an RF magnetic field in directions substantially orthogonal to a static gradient field, and the receive coils are oriented to sense RF EPR signal in directions substantially orthogonal to the transmitted field and to the static field, to minimize coupling of the transmitted signal to the receive coils. | 1. An apparatus for electron paramagnetic resonance imaging (EPRI) of a volume of animal tissue in vivo, the apparatus comprising:
a set of RF transmit coils; a set of RF receive coils, wherein the set of transmit coils generates an excitation RF magnetic field in the volume of animal tissue in response to an applied electrical signal, and the set of receive coils generates a sensed electrical signal in response to a sensed RF magnetization in the volume of animal tissue, wherein the sensed electrical signal represents an electron paramagnetic spin spectrum of oxygen; and a main-and-gradient magnetic-field generator configured to generate a substantially static magnetic field in the volume of animal tissue, wherein the static magnetic field has a direction that is generally orthogonal to the excitation RF magnetic field and to the sensed RF magnetization in the volume of animal tissue, and wherein the excitation RF magnetic field is generally orthogonal to the sensed RF magnetization in the volume of animal tissue, wherein the set of transmit coils and the set of receive coils are oriented relative to one another such that the sensed magnetization has a reduced component directly due to the excitation magnetic field. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the RF excitation magnetic field is pulsed and has a carrier frequency of no more than 500 MHz. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
an RF electrical pulse generation circuit operatively coupled to the set of RF transmit coils; an RF receiver circuit operatively coupled to the set of surface receive coils to receive the sensed electrical signal from the set of RF receive coils and to generate a received electrical signal; a digital-signal processor (DSP) unit operatively coupled to the RF receiver circuit and configured to process the received electrical signal and to generate image data; a storage unit operatively coupled to the DSP unit to receive and store the image data; and a display unit operatively coupled to the storage unit to receive and display the image data. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
an RF electrical pulse generation circuit operatively coupled to the set of RF transmit coils; an RF receiver circuit operatively coupled to the set of surface receive coils to receive the sensed electrical signal from the set of RF receive coils and to generate a received electrical signal; a digital-signal processor (DSP) unit operatively coupled to the RF receiver circuit and configured to process the received electrical signal and to generate image data, wherein the DSP unit performs image reconstruction by filtered backprojection inverse Radon transformation of frequency information obtained by Fourier transformation of time domain signals for a plurality of different gradient directions to obtain spatial EPR signal strength for a plurality of voxels in a three-dimensional configuration; a storage unit operatively coupled to the DSP unit to receive and store the image data; and a display unit operatively coupled to the storage unit to receive and display the image data. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
an RF electrical pulse generation circuit operatively coupled to the set of RF transmit coils; an RF receiver circuit operatively coupled to the set of surface receive coils to receive the sensed electrical signal from the set of RF receive coils and to generate a received electrical signal; a digital-signal processor (DSP) unit operatively coupled to the RF receiver circuit and configured to process the received electrical signal and to generate image data, wherein the DSP unit Fourier transforms time-domain signals to obtain frequency information for a plurality of different gradient directions to obtain spatial EPR signal strength for a plurality of voxels in a three-dimensional configuration; a storage unit operatively coupled to the DSP unit to receive and store the image data; and a display unit operatively coupled to the storage unit to receive and display the image data. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the substantially static magnetic field has a gradient field strength. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein surface-normal vectors for surfaces of the set of RF transmit coils and the set of RF receive coils are at acute angles to a center axis of the set of RF transmit coils and the set of RF receive coils. 8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus produces a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at a first value, wherein a surface-coil configuration produces a SNR at a second value, and wherein the first value is three orders of magnitude greater than the second value. 9. A method for electron paramagnetic resonance imaging (EPRI) of a volume of animal tissue in vivo in an animal, the method comprising:
providing a set of radio-frequency (RF) transmit coils and a set of RF receive coils, generating, with the set of RF transmit coils, an RF excitation magnetic field; sensing, with the set of RF receive coils, an RF magnetization, wherein the sensed RF magnetization is in a direction generally orthogonal to the RF excitation magnetic field at the RF receive coils, wherein the set of transmit coils and the set of receive coils are oriented relative to one another such that the sensed RF magnetization has a reduced component directly due to the RF excitation magnetic field; generating, with the set of RF receive coils, a sensed electrical signal in response to the sensed RF magnetization, wherein the sensed electrical signal represents an electron paramagnetic spin spectrum of oxygen; and generating a substantially static magnetic field in the volume of animal tissue, wherein the static magnetic field has a direction, wherein the RF excitation magnetic field is in a direction generally orthogonal to the direction of the substantially static magnetic field in the volume of animal tissue from a first surface next to the volume of animal tissue, and wherein the sensed RF magnetization is in a direction generally orthogonal to the direction of the substantially static magnetic field in the volume of animal tissue from a second surface next to the volume of animal tissue. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the RF excitation magnetic field is pulsed and has a carrier frequency of no more than 500 MHz. 11. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
generating a received electrical signal based on the sensed RF magnetization; digitally signal processing the received electrical signal to generate image data using a computer; storing the image data using the computer; and displaying the stored image data on a computer monitor. 12. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
generating a received electrical signal based on the sensed RF magnetization; digitally signal processing the received electrical signal to generate image data using a computer, wherein the digitally signal processing includes performing image reconstruction by filtered backprojection inverse Radon transformation of frequency information obtained by Fourier transforming time-domain signals to obtain frequency information for a plurality of different gradient directions to obtain spatial EPR signal strength for a plurality of voxels in a three-dimensional configuration; storing the image data using the computer; and displaying the stored image data on a computer monitor. 13. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
generating a received electrical signal based on the sensed RF magnetization; digitally signal processing the received electrical signal to generate image data using a computer, wherein the digitally signal processing includes Fourier transforming time-domain signals to obtain frequency information for a plurality of different gradient directions to obtain spatial EPR signal strength for a plurality of voxels in a three-dimensional configuration; storing the image data using the computer; and displaying the stored image data on a computer monitor. 14. The method of claim 9, wherein the generating of the substantially static magnetic field includes generating a gradient field strength in the substantially static magnetic field. 15. The method of claim 9, wherein surface-normal vectors for surfaces of the set of RF transmit coils and the set of RF receive coils are at acute angles to a center axis of the set of RF transmit coils and the set of RF receive coils. 16. The method of claim 9, wherein the set of transmit coils and the set of receive coils produce a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at a first value, wherein a surface-coil configuration produces a SNR at a second value, and wherein the first value is three orders of magnitude greater than the second value. 17. A non-transitory computer-readable medium having instructions stored thereon for causing a suitably programmed computer system operatively coupled to a set of radio-frequency (RF) transmit coils and a set of RF receive coils to execute a method, the method comprising:
generating, with the set of RF transmit coils, an RF excitation magnetic field; sensing, with the set of RF receive coils, an RF magnetization, wherein the sensed RF magnetization is in a direction generally orthogonal to the RF excitation magnetic field at the RF receive coils, wherein the set of transmit coils and the set of receive coils are oriented relative to one another such that the sensed RF magnetization has a reduced component directly due to the RF excitation magnetic field; generating, with the set of RF receive coils, a sensed electrical signal in response to the sensed RF magnetization, wherein the sensed electrical signal represents an electron paramagnetic spin spectrum of oxygen; and generating a substantially static magnetic field in the volume of animal tissue, wherein the static magnetic field has a direction, wherein the RF excitation magnetic field is in a direction generally orthogonal to the direction of the substantially static magnetic field in the volume of animal tissue from a first surface next to the volume of animal tissue, and wherein the sensed RF magnetization is in a direction generally orthogonal to the direction of the substantially static magnetic field in the volume of animal tissue from a second surface next to the volume of animal tissue. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 17, further comprising instructions such that the RF excitation magnetic field is pulsed and has a carrier frequency of no more than 500 MHz. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 17, further comprising instructions such that the method further comprises:
generating a received electrical signal based on the sensed RF magnetization; digitally signal processing the received electrical signal to generate image data; storing the image data; and displaying the stored image data on a computer monitor operatively coupled to the computer system. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 17, further comprising instructions such that the generating of the substantially static magnetic field includes generating a gradient field strength in the substantially static magnetic field. | The present invention provides an apparatus and a corresponding method useful for electron paramagnetic resonance imaging, in situ and in vivo, using high-isolation transmit/receive (TX/RX) coils, which, in some embodiments, provide microenvironmental images that are representative of particular internal structures in the human body and spatially resolved images of tissue/cell protein signals responding to conditions (such as hypoxia) that show the temporal sequence of certain biological processes, and, in some embodiments, that distinguish malignant tissue from healthy tissue. In some embodiments, the TX/RX coils are in a surface, volume or surface-volume configuration. In some embodiments, the transmit coils are oriented to generate an RF magnetic field in directions substantially orthogonal to a static gradient field, and the receive coils are oriented to sense RF EPR signal in directions substantially orthogonal to the transmitted field and to the static field, to minimize coupling of the transmitted signal to the receive coils.1. An apparatus for electron paramagnetic resonance imaging (EPRI) of a volume of animal tissue in vivo, the apparatus comprising:
a set of RF transmit coils; a set of RF receive coils, wherein the set of transmit coils generates an excitation RF magnetic field in the volume of animal tissue in response to an applied electrical signal, and the set of receive coils generates a sensed electrical signal in response to a sensed RF magnetization in the volume of animal tissue, wherein the sensed electrical signal represents an electron paramagnetic spin spectrum of oxygen; and a main-and-gradient magnetic-field generator configured to generate a substantially static magnetic field in the volume of animal tissue, wherein the static magnetic field has a direction that is generally orthogonal to the excitation RF magnetic field and to the sensed RF magnetization in the volume of animal tissue, and wherein the excitation RF magnetic field is generally orthogonal to the sensed RF magnetization in the volume of animal tissue, wherein the set of transmit coils and the set of receive coils are oriented relative to one another such that the sensed magnetization has a reduced component directly due to the excitation magnetic field. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the RF excitation magnetic field is pulsed and has a carrier frequency of no more than 500 MHz. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
an RF electrical pulse generation circuit operatively coupled to the set of RF transmit coils; an RF receiver circuit operatively coupled to the set of surface receive coils to receive the sensed electrical signal from the set of RF receive coils and to generate a received electrical signal; a digital-signal processor (DSP) unit operatively coupled to the RF receiver circuit and configured to process the received electrical signal and to generate image data; a storage unit operatively coupled to the DSP unit to receive and store the image data; and a display unit operatively coupled to the storage unit to receive and display the image data. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
an RF electrical pulse generation circuit operatively coupled to the set of RF transmit coils; an RF receiver circuit operatively coupled to the set of surface receive coils to receive the sensed electrical signal from the set of RF receive coils and to generate a received electrical signal; a digital-signal processor (DSP) unit operatively coupled to the RF receiver circuit and configured to process the received electrical signal and to generate image data, wherein the DSP unit performs image reconstruction by filtered backprojection inverse Radon transformation of frequency information obtained by Fourier transformation of time domain signals for a plurality of different gradient directions to obtain spatial EPR signal strength for a plurality of voxels in a three-dimensional configuration; a storage unit operatively coupled to the DSP unit to receive and store the image data; and a display unit operatively coupled to the storage unit to receive and display the image data. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
an RF electrical pulse generation circuit operatively coupled to the set of RF transmit coils; an RF receiver circuit operatively coupled to the set of surface receive coils to receive the sensed electrical signal from the set of RF receive coils and to generate a received electrical signal; a digital-signal processor (DSP) unit operatively coupled to the RF receiver circuit and configured to process the received electrical signal and to generate image data, wherein the DSP unit Fourier transforms time-domain signals to obtain frequency information for a plurality of different gradient directions to obtain spatial EPR signal strength for a plurality of voxels in a three-dimensional configuration; a storage unit operatively coupled to the DSP unit to receive and store the image data; and a display unit operatively coupled to the storage unit to receive and display the image data. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the substantially static magnetic field has a gradient field strength. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein surface-normal vectors for surfaces of the set of RF transmit coils and the set of RF receive coils are at acute angles to a center axis of the set of RF transmit coils and the set of RF receive coils. 8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus produces a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at a first value, wherein a surface-coil configuration produces a SNR at a second value, and wherein the first value is three orders of magnitude greater than the second value. 9. A method for electron paramagnetic resonance imaging (EPRI) of a volume of animal tissue in vivo in an animal, the method comprising:
providing a set of radio-frequency (RF) transmit coils and a set of RF receive coils, generating, with the set of RF transmit coils, an RF excitation magnetic field; sensing, with the set of RF receive coils, an RF magnetization, wherein the sensed RF magnetization is in a direction generally orthogonal to the RF excitation magnetic field at the RF receive coils, wherein the set of transmit coils and the set of receive coils are oriented relative to one another such that the sensed RF magnetization has a reduced component directly due to the RF excitation magnetic field; generating, with the set of RF receive coils, a sensed electrical signal in response to the sensed RF magnetization, wherein the sensed electrical signal represents an electron paramagnetic spin spectrum of oxygen; and generating a substantially static magnetic field in the volume of animal tissue, wherein the static magnetic field has a direction, wherein the RF excitation magnetic field is in a direction generally orthogonal to the direction of the substantially static magnetic field in the volume of animal tissue from a first surface next to the volume of animal tissue, and wherein the sensed RF magnetization is in a direction generally orthogonal to the direction of the substantially static magnetic field in the volume of animal tissue from a second surface next to the volume of animal tissue. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the RF excitation magnetic field is pulsed and has a carrier frequency of no more than 500 MHz. 11. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
generating a received electrical signal based on the sensed RF magnetization; digitally signal processing the received electrical signal to generate image data using a computer; storing the image data using the computer; and displaying the stored image data on a computer monitor. 12. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
generating a received electrical signal based on the sensed RF magnetization; digitally signal processing the received electrical signal to generate image data using a computer, wherein the digitally signal processing includes performing image reconstruction by filtered backprojection inverse Radon transformation of frequency information obtained by Fourier transforming time-domain signals to obtain frequency information for a plurality of different gradient directions to obtain spatial EPR signal strength for a plurality of voxels in a three-dimensional configuration; storing the image data using the computer; and displaying the stored image data on a computer monitor. 13. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
generating a received electrical signal based on the sensed RF magnetization; digitally signal processing the received electrical signal to generate image data using a computer, wherein the digitally signal processing includes Fourier transforming time-domain signals to obtain frequency information for a plurality of different gradient directions to obtain spatial EPR signal strength for a plurality of voxels in a three-dimensional configuration; storing the image data using the computer; and displaying the stored image data on a computer monitor. 14. The method of claim 9, wherein the generating of the substantially static magnetic field includes generating a gradient field strength in the substantially static magnetic field. 15. The method of claim 9, wherein surface-normal vectors for surfaces of the set of RF transmit coils and the set of RF receive coils are at acute angles to a center axis of the set of RF transmit coils and the set of RF receive coils. 16. The method of claim 9, wherein the set of transmit coils and the set of receive coils produce a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at a first value, wherein a surface-coil configuration produces a SNR at a second value, and wherein the first value is three orders of magnitude greater than the second value. 17. A non-transitory computer-readable medium having instructions stored thereon for causing a suitably programmed computer system operatively coupled to a set of radio-frequency (RF) transmit coils and a set of RF receive coils to execute a method, the method comprising:
generating, with the set of RF transmit coils, an RF excitation magnetic field; sensing, with the set of RF receive coils, an RF magnetization, wherein the sensed RF magnetization is in a direction generally orthogonal to the RF excitation magnetic field at the RF receive coils, wherein the set of transmit coils and the set of receive coils are oriented relative to one another such that the sensed RF magnetization has a reduced component directly due to the RF excitation magnetic field; generating, with the set of RF receive coils, a sensed electrical signal in response to the sensed RF magnetization, wherein the sensed electrical signal represents an electron paramagnetic spin spectrum of oxygen; and generating a substantially static magnetic field in the volume of animal tissue, wherein the static magnetic field has a direction, wherein the RF excitation magnetic field is in a direction generally orthogonal to the direction of the substantially static magnetic field in the volume of animal tissue from a first surface next to the volume of animal tissue, and wherein the sensed RF magnetization is in a direction generally orthogonal to the direction of the substantially static magnetic field in the volume of animal tissue from a second surface next to the volume of animal tissue. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 17, further comprising instructions such that the RF excitation magnetic field is pulsed and has a carrier frequency of no more than 500 MHz. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 17, further comprising instructions such that the method further comprises:
generating a received electrical signal based on the sensed RF magnetization; digitally signal processing the received electrical signal to generate image data; storing the image data; and displaying the stored image data on a computer monitor operatively coupled to the computer system. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 17, further comprising instructions such that the generating of the substantially static magnetic field includes generating a gradient field strength in the substantially static magnetic field. | 2,800 |
340,042 | 16,800,980 | 2,896 | The present disclosure is directed to a computing device including one or more processors and a foldable display. A non-transitory computer-readable medium stores a set of instructions that when executed by at least one processor of the one more processors cause the at least one processor to detect a usage mode of the foldable electronic device, detect user input to the foldable electronic device, and control a brightness of an active area on the display based on the detected usage mode and detected user input. | 1. A method, comprising:
detecting a usage mode of a foldable electronic device including a display; detecting user input to the foldable electronic device; and controlling a brightness of an active area on the display based on the detected usage mode and detected user input. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein detecting user input comprises detecting at least one of:
detecting eye focus of a user; detecting a presence of one or more users proximate the foldable electronic device; detecting whether a keyboard is to be used to interface with the foldable electronic device; or detecting a power policy of the foldable electronic device. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein detecting whether a keyboard is to be used to interface with the foldable electronic device comprises detecting whether the keyboard is a virtual keyboard or a physical keyboard. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein detecting eye focus of a user comprises detecting one or more of eye movement and a point of gaze of the user. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein controlling a brightness of an active area on the display comprises dimming a non-focus area of the active area around a focus area of the active area. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein dimming the non-focus area comprises decreasing a brightness in the non-focus area from a higher brightness at an inner side of the non-focus area adjoining the focus area to a lower brightness at an outer side of the non-focus area. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein decreasing a brightness in the non-focus area comprises decreasing a brightness of groups of pixels from the inner side to the outer side of the non-focus area. 8. The method of claim 5, wherein the focus area is in a center of the active area and the non-focus area comprises a first non-focus area on one side of focus area and a second non-focus area on a second side of the focus area opposite the first side. 9. The method of claim 5, wherein detecting user input to the foldable electronic device comprises detecting eye focus of the user and wherein the method comprises determining a position of the focus area in the active area based on the detected eye focus of the user. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein detecting a usage mode of a foldable electronic device including a display comprises:
detecting whether the foldable electronic device is operating in an unfolded mode; detecting whether the foldable electronic device is operating in a laptop mode; and detecting whether the foldable electronic device is operating in a tent mode. 11. A non-transitory machine-readable medium storing a program executable by at least one processing unit of an electronic device including a display, the program comprising sets of instructions for:
detecting a usage mode of a foldable electronic device including a display; detecting user input to the foldable electronic device; and controlling a brightness of an active area on the display based on the detected usage mode and detected user input. 12. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 11, wherein the set of instructions include instructions for detecting user input that further comprise instructions for detecting at least one of:
eye focus of a user; a presence of one or more users proximate the foldable electronic device; whether a keyboard is to be used to interface with the foldable electronic device; or a power policy of the foldable electronic device. 13. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 12, wherein the set of instructions include instructions for detecting whether a keyboard is to be used that further comprising instructions for detecting whether the keyboard is a virtual keyboard or a physical keyboard. 14. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 12, wherein the set of instructions include instructions for detecting eye focus of a user that further comprise instructions for detecting one or more of eye movement and a point of gaze of the user. 15. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 11, wherein the set of instructions include instructions for controlling the brightness of an active area on the display that further comprise instructions for dimming a non-focus area of the active area around a focus area of the active area. 16. A computing device, comprising:
one or more processors; a foldable display; and a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions that when executed by at least one processor of the one more processors cause the at least one processor to:
detect a usage mode of the foldable electronic device;
detect user input to the foldable electronic device; and
control a brightness of an active area on the display based on the detected usage mode and detected user input. 17. The computing device of claim 16, wherein the set of instructions stored in the non-transitory computer-readable medium include instructions to detect user input that further comprise instructions to detect at least one of:
eye focus of a user; presence of one or more users proximate the foldable electronic device; whether a keyboard is to be used to interface with the foldable electronic device; or a power policy of the foldable electronic device. 18. The computing device of claim 17, wherein the set of instructions stored in the non-transitory computer-readable medium include instructions to detect whether a keyboard is to be used that further comprise instructions to detect whether the keyboard is a virtual keyboard or a physical keyboard. 19. The computing device of claim 17, wherein the set of instructions stored in the non-transitory computer-readable medium include instructions to detect eye focus of a user that further comprise instructions to detect one or more of eye movement and a point of gaze of the user. 20. The computing device of claim 16, wherein the set of instructions stored in the non-transitory computer-readable medium include instructions to detect the usage mode that further comprise instructions to:
detect whether the foldable electronic device is operating in an unfolded mode; detect whether the foldable electronic device is operating in a laptop mode; and detect whether the foldable electronic device is operating in a tent mode. | The present disclosure is directed to a computing device including one or more processors and a foldable display. A non-transitory computer-readable medium stores a set of instructions that when executed by at least one processor of the one more processors cause the at least one processor to detect a usage mode of the foldable electronic device, detect user input to the foldable electronic device, and control a brightness of an active area on the display based on the detected usage mode and detected user input.1. A method, comprising:
detecting a usage mode of a foldable electronic device including a display; detecting user input to the foldable electronic device; and controlling a brightness of an active area on the display based on the detected usage mode and detected user input. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein detecting user input comprises detecting at least one of:
detecting eye focus of a user; detecting a presence of one or more users proximate the foldable electronic device; detecting whether a keyboard is to be used to interface with the foldable electronic device; or detecting a power policy of the foldable electronic device. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein detecting whether a keyboard is to be used to interface with the foldable electronic device comprises detecting whether the keyboard is a virtual keyboard or a physical keyboard. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein detecting eye focus of a user comprises detecting one or more of eye movement and a point of gaze of the user. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein controlling a brightness of an active area on the display comprises dimming a non-focus area of the active area around a focus area of the active area. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein dimming the non-focus area comprises decreasing a brightness in the non-focus area from a higher brightness at an inner side of the non-focus area adjoining the focus area to a lower brightness at an outer side of the non-focus area. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein decreasing a brightness in the non-focus area comprises decreasing a brightness of groups of pixels from the inner side to the outer side of the non-focus area. 8. The method of claim 5, wherein the focus area is in a center of the active area and the non-focus area comprises a first non-focus area on one side of focus area and a second non-focus area on a second side of the focus area opposite the first side. 9. The method of claim 5, wherein detecting user input to the foldable electronic device comprises detecting eye focus of the user and wherein the method comprises determining a position of the focus area in the active area based on the detected eye focus of the user. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein detecting a usage mode of a foldable electronic device including a display comprises:
detecting whether the foldable electronic device is operating in an unfolded mode; detecting whether the foldable electronic device is operating in a laptop mode; and detecting whether the foldable electronic device is operating in a tent mode. 11. A non-transitory machine-readable medium storing a program executable by at least one processing unit of an electronic device including a display, the program comprising sets of instructions for:
detecting a usage mode of a foldable electronic device including a display; detecting user input to the foldable electronic device; and controlling a brightness of an active area on the display based on the detected usage mode and detected user input. 12. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 11, wherein the set of instructions include instructions for detecting user input that further comprise instructions for detecting at least one of:
eye focus of a user; a presence of one or more users proximate the foldable electronic device; whether a keyboard is to be used to interface with the foldable electronic device; or a power policy of the foldable electronic device. 13. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 12, wherein the set of instructions include instructions for detecting whether a keyboard is to be used that further comprising instructions for detecting whether the keyboard is a virtual keyboard or a physical keyboard. 14. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 12, wherein the set of instructions include instructions for detecting eye focus of a user that further comprise instructions for detecting one or more of eye movement and a point of gaze of the user. 15. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 11, wherein the set of instructions include instructions for controlling the brightness of an active area on the display that further comprise instructions for dimming a non-focus area of the active area around a focus area of the active area. 16. A computing device, comprising:
one or more processors; a foldable display; and a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions that when executed by at least one processor of the one more processors cause the at least one processor to:
detect a usage mode of the foldable electronic device;
detect user input to the foldable electronic device; and
control a brightness of an active area on the display based on the detected usage mode and detected user input. 17. The computing device of claim 16, wherein the set of instructions stored in the non-transitory computer-readable medium include instructions to detect user input that further comprise instructions to detect at least one of:
eye focus of a user; presence of one or more users proximate the foldable electronic device; whether a keyboard is to be used to interface with the foldable electronic device; or a power policy of the foldable electronic device. 18. The computing device of claim 17, wherein the set of instructions stored in the non-transitory computer-readable medium include instructions to detect whether a keyboard is to be used that further comprise instructions to detect whether the keyboard is a virtual keyboard or a physical keyboard. 19. The computing device of claim 17, wherein the set of instructions stored in the non-transitory computer-readable medium include instructions to detect eye focus of a user that further comprise instructions to detect one or more of eye movement and a point of gaze of the user. 20. The computing device of claim 16, wherein the set of instructions stored in the non-transitory computer-readable medium include instructions to detect the usage mode that further comprise instructions to:
detect whether the foldable electronic device is operating in an unfolded mode; detect whether the foldable electronic device is operating in a laptop mode; and detect whether the foldable electronic device is operating in a tent mode. | 2,800 |
340,043 | 16,800,992 | 2,896 | A fuel and gas mixing structure for an engine is provided. This mixing structure includes a body configured to be positioned between a fuel injector and a cylinder of an engine. The body defines an interior volume that is configured to receive gas (e.g., air) from outside the body and to receive one or more streams of fuel from the fuel injector in the interior volume. The body also includes one or more upper channels and one or more lower channels that are configured to provide a substantially similar amount of flow relative to each other to the interior volume The body also defines one or more mixture conduits configured to conduct plumes of the fuel and gas, while mixing, from the interior volume to one or more exit ports and therethrough to the cylinder. | 1. A mixing structure, comprising:
a body extending from an injector side to an opposite piston side and having an inward-facing surface and an opposing outward-facing surface, the injector side of the body is configured to face a fuel injector of an engine cylinder while the piston side of the body is configured to face a piston head of the engine cylinder, the body having one or more fuel-and-gas mixture conduits extending through the body to a central volume that is at least partially bounded by the inward-facing surface, the body including one or more upper channels extending through the body from the central volume and disposed closer to the injector side than the one or more fuel-and-gas mixture conduits, the body including one or more lower channels extending through the body from the central volume, the one or more lower channels disposed more closely to the piston side than the one or more fuel-and-gas mixture conduits, and the central volume is configured to receive one or more streams of fuel and one or more streams of gas from the one or more upper channels and the one or more lower channels, the one or more upper channels and the one or more lower channels are configured to provide a substantially similar amount of gas flow to the central volume. 2. The mixing structure of claim 1, wherein:
the one or more fuel-and-gas mixture conduits extending through the body from the central volume includes a series of conduits disposed about a circumference of the body, each conduit extending from the outward facing surface to the central volume, the one or more upper channels include a series of upper channels extending from the outward facing surface to the central volume, each upper channel having a corresponding upper opening, with the upper openings arranged in an alternating fashion with the conduits along the circumference of the body, and the one or more lower channels include a series of lower channels extending from the outward facing surface to the central volume, each lower channel having a corresponding lower opening, with the lower openings arranged in an alternating fashion with the conduits along the circumference of the body. 3. The mixing structure of claim 2, wherein the upper openings and lower openings are aligned with each other along a direction defined by the axis. 4. The mixing structure of claim 2, wherein the body comprises a common number of upper channels and lower channels, the upper openings and lower openings defining a corresponding upper cross-sectional area and lower cross-sectional area that are substantially similar. 5. The mixing structure of claim 4, wherein the upper openings define an upper opening shape and the lower openings define a lower opening shape, the upper opening shape and lower opening shape being substantially similar. 6. The mixing structure of claim 5, wherein the upper opening shape and lower opening shape each define a crescent shape. 7. The mixing structure of claim 1, wherein:
the one or more fuel-and-gas mixture conduits extending through the body from the central volume includes a series of conduits disposed about a circumference of the body, each conduit extending from the outward facing surface to the central volume, the one or more upper channels include a series of upper channels extending from the outward facing surface to the central volume, each upper channel having a corresponding upper opening, with the upper openings arranged in an alternating fashion with the conduits along the circumference of the body, and the one or more lower channels include a single lower opening extending through the piston side to the central volume. 8. The mixing structure of claim 7, wherein the single lower opening is generally circular in cross-section and centered about the axis. 9. The mixing structure of claim 7, wherein the upper openings define an upper opening shape, the upper opening shape defining a crescent shape. 10. The mixing structure of claim 1, wherein the one or more fuel-and-gas mixture conduits each have a generally circular cross-section extending from the outward facing surface to the central volume having a diameter of greater than 2 millimeters. 11. The mixing structure of claim 10, wherein the diameter is 2.8 millimeters or less. 12. The mixing structure of claim 10, wherein each fuel-and-gas mixture conduit has a length of about 15 millimeters. 13. The mixing structure of claim 1, wherein a minimum distance between one of the one or more upper channels and one of the one or more fuel-and-gas mixture conduits is between about 1.75 millimeters and 2.25 millimeters. 14. A mixing structure, comprising:
a body extending from an injector side to an opposite piston side and having an inward facing surface and an opposing outward facing surface, the injector side of the body is configured to face a fuel injector of an engine cylinder while the piston side of the body is configured to face a piston head of the engine cylinder, the body having a series of fuel-and-gas mixture conduits disposed about a circumference of the body and extending through the body from the central volume, each conduit extending from the outward facing surface to the central volume, the body including a series of upper channels extending from the outward facing surface to the central volume, each upper channel having a corresponding upper opening, with the upper openings arranged in an alternating fashion with the conduits along the circumference of the body, the upper channels are disposed closer to the injector side than the fuel-and-gas mixture conduits, the body including a series of lower channels extending from the outward facing surface to the central volume, each lower channel having a corresponding lower opening, with the lower openings arranged in an alternating fashion with the conduits along the circumference of the body, the lower channels disposed closer to the piston side than the fuel-and-gas mixture conduits, and the central volume is configured to receive one or more streams of fuel, and one or more streams of gas from the upper channels and the lower channels. 15. The mixing structure of claim 14, wherein the upper openings and lower openings are aligned with each other along a direction defined by the axis. 16. The mixing structure of claim 14, wherein the body comprises a common number of upper channels and lower channels, the upper openings and lower openings defining a corresponding upper cross-sectional area and lower cross-sectional area that are substantially similar. 17. The mixing structure of claim 14, wherein the upper openings define an upper opening shape and the lower openings define a lower opening shape, the upper opening shape and lower opening shape being substantially similar. 18. The mixing structure of claim 17, wherein the upper opening shape and lower opening shape each define a crescent shape. 19. The mixing structure of claim 14, wherein the fuel-and-gas mixture conduits each have a generally circular cross-section having a diameter of greater than 2 millimeters. 20. The mixing structure of claim 19, wherein the diameter is 2.8 millimeters or less. 21. The mixing structure of claim 14, wherein each fuel-and-gas mixture conduit has a length of about 15 millimeters. 22. A mixing structure, comprising:
a body extending from an injector side to an opposite piston side and having an inward facing surface and an opposing outward facing surface, the injector side of the body is configured to face a fuel injector of an engine cylinder while the piston side of the body is configured to face a piston head of the engine cylinder, the body having a series of fuel-and-gas mixture conduits disposed about a circumference of the body and extending from the outward facing surface to the central volume, the body including a series of upper channels extending from the outward facing surface to the central volume, each upper channel having a corresponding upper opening, with the upper openings arranged in an alternating fashion with the conduits along the circumference of the body, the one or more upper channels disposed closer to the injector side than the one or more fuel-and-gas mixture conduits proximate the central volume, the body including a single lower channel comprising an opening extending through the piston side to the central volume, and the central volume is configured to receive one or more streams of fuel from the fuel injector, and one or more streams of gas from the upper channels and the lower channel, wherein the upper channels combined and the lower channel are configured to provide a substantially similar amount of flow relative to each other to the central volume. 23. The mixing structure of claim 22, wherein the single lower opening is generally circular in cross-section and centered about the axis. 24. The mixing structure of claim 22, wherein the upper openings define an upper opening shape, the upper opening shape defining a crescent shape. 25. The mixing structure of claim 22, wherein a minimum distance between one of the upper channels and one of the fuel-and-gas mixture conduits is between about 1.75 millimeters and 2.25 millimeters. | A fuel and gas mixing structure for an engine is provided. This mixing structure includes a body configured to be positioned between a fuel injector and a cylinder of an engine. The body defines an interior volume that is configured to receive gas (e.g., air) from outside the body and to receive one or more streams of fuel from the fuel injector in the interior volume. The body also includes one or more upper channels and one or more lower channels that are configured to provide a substantially similar amount of flow relative to each other to the interior volume The body also defines one or more mixture conduits configured to conduct plumes of the fuel and gas, while mixing, from the interior volume to one or more exit ports and therethrough to the cylinder.1. A mixing structure, comprising:
a body extending from an injector side to an opposite piston side and having an inward-facing surface and an opposing outward-facing surface, the injector side of the body is configured to face a fuel injector of an engine cylinder while the piston side of the body is configured to face a piston head of the engine cylinder, the body having one or more fuel-and-gas mixture conduits extending through the body to a central volume that is at least partially bounded by the inward-facing surface, the body including one or more upper channels extending through the body from the central volume and disposed closer to the injector side than the one or more fuel-and-gas mixture conduits, the body including one or more lower channels extending through the body from the central volume, the one or more lower channels disposed more closely to the piston side than the one or more fuel-and-gas mixture conduits, and the central volume is configured to receive one or more streams of fuel and one or more streams of gas from the one or more upper channels and the one or more lower channels, the one or more upper channels and the one or more lower channels are configured to provide a substantially similar amount of gas flow to the central volume. 2. The mixing structure of claim 1, wherein:
the one or more fuel-and-gas mixture conduits extending through the body from the central volume includes a series of conduits disposed about a circumference of the body, each conduit extending from the outward facing surface to the central volume, the one or more upper channels include a series of upper channels extending from the outward facing surface to the central volume, each upper channel having a corresponding upper opening, with the upper openings arranged in an alternating fashion with the conduits along the circumference of the body, and the one or more lower channels include a series of lower channels extending from the outward facing surface to the central volume, each lower channel having a corresponding lower opening, with the lower openings arranged in an alternating fashion with the conduits along the circumference of the body. 3. The mixing structure of claim 2, wherein the upper openings and lower openings are aligned with each other along a direction defined by the axis. 4. The mixing structure of claim 2, wherein the body comprises a common number of upper channels and lower channels, the upper openings and lower openings defining a corresponding upper cross-sectional area and lower cross-sectional area that are substantially similar. 5. The mixing structure of claim 4, wherein the upper openings define an upper opening shape and the lower openings define a lower opening shape, the upper opening shape and lower opening shape being substantially similar. 6. The mixing structure of claim 5, wherein the upper opening shape and lower opening shape each define a crescent shape. 7. The mixing structure of claim 1, wherein:
the one or more fuel-and-gas mixture conduits extending through the body from the central volume includes a series of conduits disposed about a circumference of the body, each conduit extending from the outward facing surface to the central volume, the one or more upper channels include a series of upper channels extending from the outward facing surface to the central volume, each upper channel having a corresponding upper opening, with the upper openings arranged in an alternating fashion with the conduits along the circumference of the body, and the one or more lower channels include a single lower opening extending through the piston side to the central volume. 8. The mixing structure of claim 7, wherein the single lower opening is generally circular in cross-section and centered about the axis. 9. The mixing structure of claim 7, wherein the upper openings define an upper opening shape, the upper opening shape defining a crescent shape. 10. The mixing structure of claim 1, wherein the one or more fuel-and-gas mixture conduits each have a generally circular cross-section extending from the outward facing surface to the central volume having a diameter of greater than 2 millimeters. 11. The mixing structure of claim 10, wherein the diameter is 2.8 millimeters or less. 12. The mixing structure of claim 10, wherein each fuel-and-gas mixture conduit has a length of about 15 millimeters. 13. The mixing structure of claim 1, wherein a minimum distance between one of the one or more upper channels and one of the one or more fuel-and-gas mixture conduits is between about 1.75 millimeters and 2.25 millimeters. 14. A mixing structure, comprising:
a body extending from an injector side to an opposite piston side and having an inward facing surface and an opposing outward facing surface, the injector side of the body is configured to face a fuel injector of an engine cylinder while the piston side of the body is configured to face a piston head of the engine cylinder, the body having a series of fuel-and-gas mixture conduits disposed about a circumference of the body and extending through the body from the central volume, each conduit extending from the outward facing surface to the central volume, the body including a series of upper channels extending from the outward facing surface to the central volume, each upper channel having a corresponding upper opening, with the upper openings arranged in an alternating fashion with the conduits along the circumference of the body, the upper channels are disposed closer to the injector side than the fuel-and-gas mixture conduits, the body including a series of lower channels extending from the outward facing surface to the central volume, each lower channel having a corresponding lower opening, with the lower openings arranged in an alternating fashion with the conduits along the circumference of the body, the lower channels disposed closer to the piston side than the fuel-and-gas mixture conduits, and the central volume is configured to receive one or more streams of fuel, and one or more streams of gas from the upper channels and the lower channels. 15. The mixing structure of claim 14, wherein the upper openings and lower openings are aligned with each other along a direction defined by the axis. 16. The mixing structure of claim 14, wherein the body comprises a common number of upper channels and lower channels, the upper openings and lower openings defining a corresponding upper cross-sectional area and lower cross-sectional area that are substantially similar. 17. The mixing structure of claim 14, wherein the upper openings define an upper opening shape and the lower openings define a lower opening shape, the upper opening shape and lower opening shape being substantially similar. 18. The mixing structure of claim 17, wherein the upper opening shape and lower opening shape each define a crescent shape. 19. The mixing structure of claim 14, wherein the fuel-and-gas mixture conduits each have a generally circular cross-section having a diameter of greater than 2 millimeters. 20. The mixing structure of claim 19, wherein the diameter is 2.8 millimeters or less. 21. The mixing structure of claim 14, wherein each fuel-and-gas mixture conduit has a length of about 15 millimeters. 22. A mixing structure, comprising:
a body extending from an injector side to an opposite piston side and having an inward facing surface and an opposing outward facing surface, the injector side of the body is configured to face a fuel injector of an engine cylinder while the piston side of the body is configured to face a piston head of the engine cylinder, the body having a series of fuel-and-gas mixture conduits disposed about a circumference of the body and extending from the outward facing surface to the central volume, the body including a series of upper channels extending from the outward facing surface to the central volume, each upper channel having a corresponding upper opening, with the upper openings arranged in an alternating fashion with the conduits along the circumference of the body, the one or more upper channels disposed closer to the injector side than the one or more fuel-and-gas mixture conduits proximate the central volume, the body including a single lower channel comprising an opening extending through the piston side to the central volume, and the central volume is configured to receive one or more streams of fuel from the fuel injector, and one or more streams of gas from the upper channels and the lower channel, wherein the upper channels combined and the lower channel are configured to provide a substantially similar amount of flow relative to each other to the central volume. 23. The mixing structure of claim 22, wherein the single lower opening is generally circular in cross-section and centered about the axis. 24. The mixing structure of claim 22, wherein the upper openings define an upper opening shape, the upper opening shape defining a crescent shape. 25. The mixing structure of claim 22, wherein a minimum distance between one of the upper channels and one of the fuel-and-gas mixture conduits is between about 1.75 millimeters and 2.25 millimeters. | 2,800 |
340,044 | 16,801,050 | 2,896 | Methods and systems are provided for dynamic collimation adjustment during various x-ray imaging and image-guided procedures. In one example, collimation for an x-ray mammography system is adjusted based on a volume of interest, and further based on a workflow step of an imaging procedure. As an example, prior to a target selection, collimation may be adjusted to irradiate a larger volume of interest and x-ray system acquisition parameters, and hence, a greater area of a detector is irradiated; and after target coordinates are selected (e.g., for an interventional procedure), collimation may be adjusted to irradiate a reduced volume of interest based on the selected target and x-ray system acquisition parameters, and hence, a smaller area of detector is irradiated. | 1. A method for an x-ray system, comprising:
during an imaging procedure performed with the x-ray system, adjusting collimation to image a corresponding volume of interest based on a workflow step of the imaging procedure. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein adjusting collimation includes during a first positioning acquisition prior to selecting a target region of interest, irradiating a first larger area on a detector of the x-ray system based on a first volume of interest. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein adjusting collimation includes responsive to selecting the target region of interest, irradiating a second smaller area on the detector based on a second volume of interest; and wherein the first volume of interest is greater than the second volume of interest. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the first larger area and the second smaller area are further based on an angular position of the x-ray source of the x-ray system. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the second volume of interest is determined based on the selected region of interest, compressed breast thickness, and one or more compression paddle parameters. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the one or more compression paddle parameters includes a size and location of a compression paddle aperture. 7. The method of claim 4, further comprising during a digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) acquisition, for each angular position of the x-ray source, responsive to selecting the target region of interest, adjusting collimation based on the second volume of interest and a corresponding angular position of the x-ray source. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein adjusting collimation based on the second volume of interest and the corresponding angular position of the x-ray source includes adjusting one or more collimator blade positions at each angular position of the x-ray source. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein adjusting collimation based on the second volume of interest and the corresponding angular position of the x-ray source includes changing the area to irradiate at each angular position of the x-ray source. 10. The method of claim 7, further comprising during the DBT acquisition, prior to selecting the target region of interest, adjusting collimation based on the first volume of interest and the corresponding angular position of the x-ray source. 11. A method for an x-ray system, comprising:
during an image-guided interventional procedure, prior to selecting a target, performing a first tomosynthesis scan of a compressed breast with first collimation at a plurality of angular positions of an x-ray source of the x-ray system; reconstructing a first set of images from first tomosynthesis scan data; responsive to target selection from the first set of images, performing a second tomosynthesis scan of the compressed breast with second collimation at the plurality of angular positions of the x-ray system; and reconstructing a second set of images from first tomosynthesis scan data; wherein the first collimation is based on a greater volume of interest; and wherein the second collimation is based on a reduced volume of interest. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the first collimation is further based on a corresponding x-ray source angulation and the first collimation is adjusted to irradiate a corresponding greater area on a detector of the x-ray system at each of the plurality of angular positions; wherein the second collimation is further based on the corresponding x-ray source angulation and the second collimation is adjusted to irradiate a corresponding reduced area on the detector at each of the plurality of angular positions. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein each of the greater area and the reduced area is changed at each angular position by adjusting one or more of lateral and rear collimator blade positions at each angular position; and wherein a first average detector area irradiated during the first tomosynthesis scan is greater than a second average detector area irradiated during the second tomosynthesis scan. 14. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
when an interventional tool is in a pre-fire position, performing a pre-fire tomosynthesis scan of the compressed breast with the interventional tool in the pre-fire position with the second collimation; and reconstructing pre-fire images based on pre-fire scan data from the pre-fire tomosynthesis scan. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the reduced volume of interest is based on a position of the selected target, a compressed breast size, and one or more compression paddle parameters. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein the image guided interventional procedure is an image guided biopsy procedure. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the volume of interest increases with increase in compressed breast thickness; and wherein the compression paddle parameters includes a compression paddle aperture size and location. 18. An imaging system, comprising:
a radiation source rotating within an angular range about an axis of the imaging system; a collimator to adjust emission of radiation from the radiation source; a detector for receiving radiation rays from the radiation source via the collimator and generating a plurality of projection images of a specimen positioned between the radiation source and the detector; a compression paddle for positioning the specimen between the compression paddle and the detector; a biopsy device including a biopsy tool and a biopsy needle mounted on the biopsy tool, the biopsy device coupled to the imaging system and positioned between the radiation source and the detector; and a processor with executable instructions stored in non-transitory memory for: prior to receiving biopsy target coordinates,
adjusting one or more collimator blades to irradiate an area on the detector based on a whole volume of specimen, and performing a first tomosynthesis scan by adjusting one or more collimator blade positions at each angular position of the radiation source;
reconstructing first set of images from the first tomosynthesis scan;
displaying the first set of images on a user interface of the imaging system;
responsive to receiving biopsy target coordinates,
determining a reduced volume of interest based on the biopsy target coordinates, compressed breast thickness, and one or more compression paddle parameters;
determining a corresponding area to irradiate on the detector based on the reduced volume of interest for each radiation source angular position;
performing a second tomosynthesis scan by adjusting one or more collimator blades at each radiation source angular position based on the corresponding area to irradiate;
reconstructing second set of images from the first tomosynthesis scan; and
displaying the second set of images on the user interface. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the corresponding area to irradiate increases with increase in angulation of the radiation source with respect to a medial position at which a vertical axis of the radiation source is perpendicular to a detection surface of the detector. 20. The system of claim 18, wherein adjusting one or more collimator blades includes adjusting one or more of lateral blades and rear blade positions. | Methods and systems are provided for dynamic collimation adjustment during various x-ray imaging and image-guided procedures. In one example, collimation for an x-ray mammography system is adjusted based on a volume of interest, and further based on a workflow step of an imaging procedure. As an example, prior to a target selection, collimation may be adjusted to irradiate a larger volume of interest and x-ray system acquisition parameters, and hence, a greater area of a detector is irradiated; and after target coordinates are selected (e.g., for an interventional procedure), collimation may be adjusted to irradiate a reduced volume of interest based on the selected target and x-ray system acquisition parameters, and hence, a smaller area of detector is irradiated.1. A method for an x-ray system, comprising:
during an imaging procedure performed with the x-ray system, adjusting collimation to image a corresponding volume of interest based on a workflow step of the imaging procedure. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein adjusting collimation includes during a first positioning acquisition prior to selecting a target region of interest, irradiating a first larger area on a detector of the x-ray system based on a first volume of interest. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein adjusting collimation includes responsive to selecting the target region of interest, irradiating a second smaller area on the detector based on a second volume of interest; and wherein the first volume of interest is greater than the second volume of interest. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the first larger area and the second smaller area are further based on an angular position of the x-ray source of the x-ray system. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the second volume of interest is determined based on the selected region of interest, compressed breast thickness, and one or more compression paddle parameters. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the one or more compression paddle parameters includes a size and location of a compression paddle aperture. 7. The method of claim 4, further comprising during a digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) acquisition, for each angular position of the x-ray source, responsive to selecting the target region of interest, adjusting collimation based on the second volume of interest and a corresponding angular position of the x-ray source. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein adjusting collimation based on the second volume of interest and the corresponding angular position of the x-ray source includes adjusting one or more collimator blade positions at each angular position of the x-ray source. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein adjusting collimation based on the second volume of interest and the corresponding angular position of the x-ray source includes changing the area to irradiate at each angular position of the x-ray source. 10. The method of claim 7, further comprising during the DBT acquisition, prior to selecting the target region of interest, adjusting collimation based on the first volume of interest and the corresponding angular position of the x-ray source. 11. A method for an x-ray system, comprising:
during an image-guided interventional procedure, prior to selecting a target, performing a first tomosynthesis scan of a compressed breast with first collimation at a plurality of angular positions of an x-ray source of the x-ray system; reconstructing a first set of images from first tomosynthesis scan data; responsive to target selection from the first set of images, performing a second tomosynthesis scan of the compressed breast with second collimation at the plurality of angular positions of the x-ray system; and reconstructing a second set of images from first tomosynthesis scan data; wherein the first collimation is based on a greater volume of interest; and wherein the second collimation is based on a reduced volume of interest. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the first collimation is further based on a corresponding x-ray source angulation and the first collimation is adjusted to irradiate a corresponding greater area on a detector of the x-ray system at each of the plurality of angular positions; wherein the second collimation is further based on the corresponding x-ray source angulation and the second collimation is adjusted to irradiate a corresponding reduced area on the detector at each of the plurality of angular positions. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein each of the greater area and the reduced area is changed at each angular position by adjusting one or more of lateral and rear collimator blade positions at each angular position; and wherein a first average detector area irradiated during the first tomosynthesis scan is greater than a second average detector area irradiated during the second tomosynthesis scan. 14. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
when an interventional tool is in a pre-fire position, performing a pre-fire tomosynthesis scan of the compressed breast with the interventional tool in the pre-fire position with the second collimation; and reconstructing pre-fire images based on pre-fire scan data from the pre-fire tomosynthesis scan. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the reduced volume of interest is based on a position of the selected target, a compressed breast size, and one or more compression paddle parameters. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein the image guided interventional procedure is an image guided biopsy procedure. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the volume of interest increases with increase in compressed breast thickness; and wherein the compression paddle parameters includes a compression paddle aperture size and location. 18. An imaging system, comprising:
a radiation source rotating within an angular range about an axis of the imaging system; a collimator to adjust emission of radiation from the radiation source; a detector for receiving radiation rays from the radiation source via the collimator and generating a plurality of projection images of a specimen positioned between the radiation source and the detector; a compression paddle for positioning the specimen between the compression paddle and the detector; a biopsy device including a biopsy tool and a biopsy needle mounted on the biopsy tool, the biopsy device coupled to the imaging system and positioned between the radiation source and the detector; and a processor with executable instructions stored in non-transitory memory for: prior to receiving biopsy target coordinates,
adjusting one or more collimator blades to irradiate an area on the detector based on a whole volume of specimen, and performing a first tomosynthesis scan by adjusting one or more collimator blade positions at each angular position of the radiation source;
reconstructing first set of images from the first tomosynthesis scan;
displaying the first set of images on a user interface of the imaging system;
responsive to receiving biopsy target coordinates,
determining a reduced volume of interest based on the biopsy target coordinates, compressed breast thickness, and one or more compression paddle parameters;
determining a corresponding area to irradiate on the detector based on the reduced volume of interest for each radiation source angular position;
performing a second tomosynthesis scan by adjusting one or more collimator blades at each radiation source angular position based on the corresponding area to irradiate;
reconstructing second set of images from the first tomosynthesis scan; and
displaying the second set of images on the user interface. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the corresponding area to irradiate increases with increase in angulation of the radiation source with respect to a medial position at which a vertical axis of the radiation source is perpendicular to a detection surface of the detector. 20. The system of claim 18, wherein adjusting one or more collimator blades includes adjusting one or more of lateral blades and rear blade positions. | 2,800 |
340,045 | 16,801,042 | 2,896 | Various methods and systems are provided for reducing blur in a diagnostic image. In one example, a method includes reducing blur in a diagnostic image by applying a deconvolution filter to the diagnostic image, the deconvolution filter generated from a point spread function (PSF) estimation of blur at each pixel of the diagnostic image, the PSF estimation generated based on a motion vector field between the diagnostic image and a pre-shot image acquired prior to the diagnostic image. | 1. A method, comprising:
reducing blur in a diagnostic image by applying a deconvolution filter to the diagnostic image, the deconvolution filter generated from a point spread function (PSF) estimation of blur at each pixel of the diagnostic image, the PSF estimation generated based on a motion vector field between the diagnostic image and a pre-shot image acquired prior to the diagnostic image. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the diagnostic image is an x-ray image acquired with an x-ray imaging system at a first, higher x-ray radiation dose, and the pre-shot image is an x-ray image acquired with the x-ray imaging system at a second, lower x-ray radiation dose. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the diagnostic image is acquired with a first, longer x-ray radiation exposure and the pre-shot image is acquired with a second, shorter x-ray radiation exposure. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the first x-ray radiation dose is determined based on a brightness of the pre-shot image and the second x-ray radiation dose. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising outputting the reduced blur diagnostic image for display on a display device. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising generating the motion vector field by selecting a plurality of control points in the pre-shot image, calculating a local shift vector for each control point relative to a corresponding control point in the diagnostic image, and interpolating each pixel of the diagnostic image based on each local shift vector to generate the motion vector field. 7. A method, comprising:
acquiring, with an x-ray imaging system, a pre-shot image of a patient and a diagnostic image of the patient; generating a motion vector field by registering the diagnostic image to the pre-shot image; applying a deconvolution filter to the diagnostic image to generate a reduced-blur diagnostic image, the deconvolution filter generated based on the motion field vector; and outputting the reduced-blur diagnostic image for display on a display device. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the diagnostic image is acquired with the x-ray imaging system at a first, higher x-ray radiation dose, and the pre-shot image is acquired with the x-ray imaging system at a second, lower x-ray radiation dose. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the diagnostic image is acquired with a first, longer x-ray radiation exposure and the pre-shot image is acquired with a second, shorter x-ray radiation exposure. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the first x-ray radiation dose is determined based on a brightness of the pre-shot image. 11. The method of claim 7, wherein the deconvolution filter is generated based on the motion vector field by estimating a point spread function for each pixel of the diagnostic image based on the motion vector field and generating the deconvolution filter based on each point spread function. 12. The method of claim 7, wherein generating the motion vector field comprises selecting a plurality of control points in the pre-shot image, calculating a local shift vector for each control point relative to a corresponding control point in the diagnostic image, and interpolating each pixel of the diagnostic image based on each local shift vector to generate the motion vector field. 13. An imaging system, comprising:
an x-ray source in communication with a detector; a display device; and a computing device connected in communication with the display device and the detector, the computing device including a processor and non-transitory memory storing instructions executable by the processor to:
acquire, with the x-ray source and detector, a pre-shot image of a patient at a first x-ray dose and for a first exposure duration;
acquire, with the x-ray source and detector, a diagnostic image of the patient at a second, higher x-ray dose and for a second, longer exposure duration;
correct blur in the diagnostic image based on the pre-shot image to generate a reduced-blur diagnostic image; and
output the reduced-blur diagnostic image for display on the display. 14. The imaging system of claim 13, wherein correcting blur in the diagnostic image based on the pre-shot image comprises estimating a respective motion vector for one or more pixels of the diagnostic image via a registration process with the pre-shot image; and applying a deconvolution filter to the diagnostic image to generate a reduced-blur diagnostic image, the deconvolution filter generated based on each respective motion vector. 15. The imaging system of claim 14, wherein generating the deconvolution filter comprises generating a point spread function for each pixel of the diagnostic image based on each respective motion vector and generating the deconvolution filter based on each point spread function. 16. The imaging system of claim 13, wherein the second x-ray dose is determined based on a brightness of the pre-shot image and the first x-ray dose. | Various methods and systems are provided for reducing blur in a diagnostic image. In one example, a method includes reducing blur in a diagnostic image by applying a deconvolution filter to the diagnostic image, the deconvolution filter generated from a point spread function (PSF) estimation of blur at each pixel of the diagnostic image, the PSF estimation generated based on a motion vector field between the diagnostic image and a pre-shot image acquired prior to the diagnostic image.1. A method, comprising:
reducing blur in a diagnostic image by applying a deconvolution filter to the diagnostic image, the deconvolution filter generated from a point spread function (PSF) estimation of blur at each pixel of the diagnostic image, the PSF estimation generated based on a motion vector field between the diagnostic image and a pre-shot image acquired prior to the diagnostic image. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the diagnostic image is an x-ray image acquired with an x-ray imaging system at a first, higher x-ray radiation dose, and the pre-shot image is an x-ray image acquired with the x-ray imaging system at a second, lower x-ray radiation dose. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the diagnostic image is acquired with a first, longer x-ray radiation exposure and the pre-shot image is acquired with a second, shorter x-ray radiation exposure. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the first x-ray radiation dose is determined based on a brightness of the pre-shot image and the second x-ray radiation dose. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising outputting the reduced blur diagnostic image for display on a display device. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising generating the motion vector field by selecting a plurality of control points in the pre-shot image, calculating a local shift vector for each control point relative to a corresponding control point in the diagnostic image, and interpolating each pixel of the diagnostic image based on each local shift vector to generate the motion vector field. 7. A method, comprising:
acquiring, with an x-ray imaging system, a pre-shot image of a patient and a diagnostic image of the patient; generating a motion vector field by registering the diagnostic image to the pre-shot image; applying a deconvolution filter to the diagnostic image to generate a reduced-blur diagnostic image, the deconvolution filter generated based on the motion field vector; and outputting the reduced-blur diagnostic image for display on a display device. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the diagnostic image is acquired with the x-ray imaging system at a first, higher x-ray radiation dose, and the pre-shot image is acquired with the x-ray imaging system at a second, lower x-ray radiation dose. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the diagnostic image is acquired with a first, longer x-ray radiation exposure and the pre-shot image is acquired with a second, shorter x-ray radiation exposure. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the first x-ray radiation dose is determined based on a brightness of the pre-shot image. 11. The method of claim 7, wherein the deconvolution filter is generated based on the motion vector field by estimating a point spread function for each pixel of the diagnostic image based on the motion vector field and generating the deconvolution filter based on each point spread function. 12. The method of claim 7, wherein generating the motion vector field comprises selecting a plurality of control points in the pre-shot image, calculating a local shift vector for each control point relative to a corresponding control point in the diagnostic image, and interpolating each pixel of the diagnostic image based on each local shift vector to generate the motion vector field. 13. An imaging system, comprising:
an x-ray source in communication with a detector; a display device; and a computing device connected in communication with the display device and the detector, the computing device including a processor and non-transitory memory storing instructions executable by the processor to:
acquire, with the x-ray source and detector, a pre-shot image of a patient at a first x-ray dose and for a first exposure duration;
acquire, with the x-ray source and detector, a diagnostic image of the patient at a second, higher x-ray dose and for a second, longer exposure duration;
correct blur in the diagnostic image based on the pre-shot image to generate a reduced-blur diagnostic image; and
output the reduced-blur diagnostic image for display on the display. 14. The imaging system of claim 13, wherein correcting blur in the diagnostic image based on the pre-shot image comprises estimating a respective motion vector for one or more pixels of the diagnostic image via a registration process with the pre-shot image; and applying a deconvolution filter to the diagnostic image to generate a reduced-blur diagnostic image, the deconvolution filter generated based on each respective motion vector. 15. The imaging system of claim 14, wherein generating the deconvolution filter comprises generating a point spread function for each pixel of the diagnostic image based on each respective motion vector and generating the deconvolution filter based on each point spread function. 16. The imaging system of claim 13, wherein the second x-ray dose is determined based on a brightness of the pre-shot image and the first x-ray dose. | 2,800 |
340,046 | 16,800,983 | 2,896 | An electronic flanging device is for flanging the operation of a system. The system can be either a remote monitoring device for a fleet of autonomous motor vehicles for the remote piloting of the fleet by an operator or an autonomous vehicle belonging to a fleet of vehicles monitored by a remote monitoring device. The electronic flanging device includes a measuring module for measuring a lag in the communication between one of the autonomous vehicles and the monitoring device and a limiting module in order to limit the piloting of said autonomous vehicle by the operator as a function of the measured lag. | 1. An electronic flanging device for flanging the operation of a system, the system being selected from the group consisting of:
a remote monitoring device for a fleet of autonomous motor vehicles for the remote piloting of the fleet by an operator; and an autonomous motor vehicle belonging to a fleet of vehicles monitored by a remote monitoring device allowing the remote piloting of the fleet by an operator; the monitoring device and the or each autonomous motor vehicle being able to communicate with one another, the electronic flanging device comprising: a measuring module for measuring a lag in the communication between one of the autonomous motor vehicles and the monitoring device; and a limiting module in order to limit the piloting of said autonomous motor vehicle by the operator as a function of the measured lag. 2. The electronic flanging device according to claim 1, wherein the limiting module is configured to limit the piloting when the measured lag is above a predetermined safety threshold. 3. A monitoring device comprising an electronic flanging device according to claim 1, the or each autonomous motor vehicle comprising at least one embedded sensor able to send at least one piece of information to the monitoring device, the monitoring device being able to receive at least one piece of information from at least one sensor formed by an embedded sensor on board one of the autonomous motor vehicles and comprising at least one display screen able to display the at least one piece of information, the measuring module being configured to measure the lag between the sending of the at least one piece of information by the first sensor and the display of the at least one piece of information on the display screen. 4. The monitoring device according to claim 3, wherein the monitoring device comprises a control module able to send at least one movement command to the fleet, the limiting module being able to block the sending of any movement command to the autonomous motor vehicle. 5. The monitoring device according to claim 3, wherein the monitoring device is able to receive at least one piece of information from at least one second sensor, the second sensor being selected from the group consisting of: a sensor embedded on board one of the autonomous motor vehicles and an infrastructure sensor positioned outside the autonomous motor vehicles, the limiting module being able to deactivate the communication between the monitoring device and the at least one second sensor. 6. The monitoring device according to claim 3, wherein the limiting module is able to deactivate the communication between the monitoring device and at least one of the vehicles of the fleet. 7. The monitoring device according to claim 3, wherein the flanging device comprises an alert module able to emit an alert signal as a function of the calculated lag, the display screen being able to display the alert signal. 8. An autonomous motor vehicle comprising an electronic flanging device according to claim 1, the monitoring device comprising a control module able to send at least one movement command to the fleet, the autonomous motor vehicle comprising at least one receiving module able to receive the at least one command, the measuring module being configured to measure the lag between the sending of the at least one command by the control module and the reception of the at least one command by the receiving module. 9. The autonomous motor vehicle according to claim 8, wherein the autonomous vehicle comprises a transmission module able to transmit the at least one command to the rest of the vehicle, the limiting module being able to block the transmission of any movement command. 10. A transport system comprising:
a monitoring device according to claim 3; and a fleet of autonomous motor vehicles monitored remotely by the monitoring device. 11. A transport system comprising:
a monitoring device; and a fleet of autonomous motor vehicles monitored remotely by the monitoring device, at least one of the autonomous motor vehicles being according to claim 8. 12. A flanging method for the remote piloting of an autonomous motor vehicle belonging to a fleet of autonomous motor vehicles monitored using a remote monitoring device allowing the remote piloting of the fleet by an operator, the flanging method comprising the following steps:
computing a lag in the communication between one of the autonomous motor vehicles and the monitoring device; and limiting the piloting of said autonomous motor vehicle by the operator as a function of the computed lag. 13. A non-transitory computer-readable medium including a computer program product including the software instructions which, when implemented by a piece of computer equipment, carry out the flanging method according to claim 12. | An electronic flanging device is for flanging the operation of a system. The system can be either a remote monitoring device for a fleet of autonomous motor vehicles for the remote piloting of the fleet by an operator or an autonomous vehicle belonging to a fleet of vehicles monitored by a remote monitoring device. The electronic flanging device includes a measuring module for measuring a lag in the communication between one of the autonomous vehicles and the monitoring device and a limiting module in order to limit the piloting of said autonomous vehicle by the operator as a function of the measured lag.1. An electronic flanging device for flanging the operation of a system, the system being selected from the group consisting of:
a remote monitoring device for a fleet of autonomous motor vehicles for the remote piloting of the fleet by an operator; and an autonomous motor vehicle belonging to a fleet of vehicles monitored by a remote monitoring device allowing the remote piloting of the fleet by an operator; the monitoring device and the or each autonomous motor vehicle being able to communicate with one another, the electronic flanging device comprising: a measuring module for measuring a lag in the communication between one of the autonomous motor vehicles and the monitoring device; and a limiting module in order to limit the piloting of said autonomous motor vehicle by the operator as a function of the measured lag. 2. The electronic flanging device according to claim 1, wherein the limiting module is configured to limit the piloting when the measured lag is above a predetermined safety threshold. 3. A monitoring device comprising an electronic flanging device according to claim 1, the or each autonomous motor vehicle comprising at least one embedded sensor able to send at least one piece of information to the monitoring device, the monitoring device being able to receive at least one piece of information from at least one sensor formed by an embedded sensor on board one of the autonomous motor vehicles and comprising at least one display screen able to display the at least one piece of information, the measuring module being configured to measure the lag between the sending of the at least one piece of information by the first sensor and the display of the at least one piece of information on the display screen. 4. The monitoring device according to claim 3, wherein the monitoring device comprises a control module able to send at least one movement command to the fleet, the limiting module being able to block the sending of any movement command to the autonomous motor vehicle. 5. The monitoring device according to claim 3, wherein the monitoring device is able to receive at least one piece of information from at least one second sensor, the second sensor being selected from the group consisting of: a sensor embedded on board one of the autonomous motor vehicles and an infrastructure sensor positioned outside the autonomous motor vehicles, the limiting module being able to deactivate the communication between the monitoring device and the at least one second sensor. 6. The monitoring device according to claim 3, wherein the limiting module is able to deactivate the communication between the monitoring device and at least one of the vehicles of the fleet. 7. The monitoring device according to claim 3, wherein the flanging device comprises an alert module able to emit an alert signal as a function of the calculated lag, the display screen being able to display the alert signal. 8. An autonomous motor vehicle comprising an electronic flanging device according to claim 1, the monitoring device comprising a control module able to send at least one movement command to the fleet, the autonomous motor vehicle comprising at least one receiving module able to receive the at least one command, the measuring module being configured to measure the lag between the sending of the at least one command by the control module and the reception of the at least one command by the receiving module. 9. The autonomous motor vehicle according to claim 8, wherein the autonomous vehicle comprises a transmission module able to transmit the at least one command to the rest of the vehicle, the limiting module being able to block the transmission of any movement command. 10. A transport system comprising:
a monitoring device according to claim 3; and a fleet of autonomous motor vehicles monitored remotely by the monitoring device. 11. A transport system comprising:
a monitoring device; and a fleet of autonomous motor vehicles monitored remotely by the monitoring device, at least one of the autonomous motor vehicles being according to claim 8. 12. A flanging method for the remote piloting of an autonomous motor vehicle belonging to a fleet of autonomous motor vehicles monitored using a remote monitoring device allowing the remote piloting of the fleet by an operator, the flanging method comprising the following steps:
computing a lag in the communication between one of the autonomous motor vehicles and the monitoring device; and limiting the piloting of said autonomous motor vehicle by the operator as a function of the computed lag. 13. A non-transitory computer-readable medium including a computer program product including the software instructions which, when implemented by a piece of computer equipment, carry out the flanging method according to claim 12. | 2,800 |
340,047 | 16,801,025 | 2,896 | An arithmetic device includes storage, a controller, and operation circuitry. The storage stores therein P-dimensional input vectors, P×N-dimensional matrixes, N-dimensional intermediate value vectors, and N-dimensional output vectors, and is capable of executing, in parallel, two or more of reading processing of the input vector, reading processing of the matrix, reading processing of the intermediate value vector, and writing processing of the output vector. The controller sets read timings of a first input vector, a first matrix, and a first intermediate value vector, and write timing of a first output vector, in operation processing including a D-dimensional processing loop. The operation circuitry calculates product of the first input vector and the first matrix, calculates sum of the product and the first intermediate value vector, and stores the sum as the first output vector in the storage. | 1. An arithmetic device comprising:
storage storing therein one or more P-dimensional input vectors, one or more P×N-dimensional matrixes, one or more N-dimensional intermediate value vectors, and one or more N-dimensional output vectors, and capable of executing, in parallel, two or more of reading processing of the input vector, reading processing of the matrix, reading processing of the intermediate value vector, and writing processing of the output vector, P being an integer of 2 or more, N being an integer of 2 or more; a controller setting read timings and write timing in operation processing including a D-dimensional (D is an integer of 3 or more) processing loop, the read timings being timings of a first input vector to be read in the input vectors, a first matrix to be read in the matrixes, and a first intermediate value vector to be read in the intermediate value vectors, the write timing being timing of a first output vector to be written in the output vectors; and operation circuitry calculating product of the first input vector and the first matrix read from the storage in accordance with the read timings, calculating sum of the product and the first intermediate value vector read from the storage in accordance with the read timing, and storing the sum as the first output vector in the storage at the write timing. 2. The arithmetic device according to claim 1, wherein
the controller sets a reference value of an address of the first input vector, a reference value of an address of the first matrix, and a reference value of an address of the first intermediate value vector, an increment value of the address of the first input vector, an increment value of the address of the first matrix, and an increment value of the address of the first intermediate value vector in a processing loop of each of dimensions included in the D dimensions, and the operation circuitry determines the addresses of the first input vector, the first matrix, and the first intermediate value vector on the basis of the corresponding reference values and increment values. 3. The arithmetic device according to claim 1, wherein
the controller sets an offset for the reference value of the address of the first input vector, an offset for the reference value of the address of the first matrix, and an offset for the reference value of the address of the first intermediate value vector, and the operation circuitry determines the addresses of the first input vector, the first matrix, and the first intermediate value vector on the basis of the corresponding offsets. 4. The arithmetic device according to claim 1, wherein
the controller sets a range of the first input vector, a range of the first matrix, and a range of the first intermediate value vector to be processed in a processing loop of each of dimensions included in the D dimensions, and an offset for the range of the first input vector, an offset for the range of the first matrix, and an offset for the range of the first intermediate value vector, and the operation circuitry determines the ranges of the first input vector, the first matrix, and the first intermediate value vector on the basis of the corresponding ranges and offsets. 5. The arithmetic device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a register storing therein an initial value of the intermediate value vector, wherein the operation circuitry reads the first intermediate value vector from the register when a set initial condition is satisfied. 6. The arithmetic device according to claim 5, wherein the initial condition includes a condition to limit a range of data to which processing executed when the initial condition is satisfied is applied. 7. The arithmetic device according to claim 1, wherein the operation circuitry executes a nonlinear operation for the output vector when a set last condition is satisfied, and stores the first output vector for which the nonlinear operation has been executed in the storage at the write timing. 8. The arithmetic device according to claim 7, wherein the last condition includes a condition to limit a range of data to which processing executed when the last condition is satisfied is applied. 9. The arithmetic device according to claim 1, wherein the controller sets the read timings on the basis of parameters determining whether to update values of addresses designating the first input vector, the first matrix, and the first intermediate value vector in the processing loop. 10. The arithmetic device according to claim 1, wherein
the storage includes a plurality of memories each capable of storing therein Q P-dimensional vectors and accessible simultaneously, Q being an integer of 1 or more, the input vectors, the intermediate value vectors, and the output vectors are stored in any of the memories, and the matrix is divided into N memories in the memories, and stored therein. 11. An arithmetic method executed in an arithmetic device including storage,
the storage storing therein one or more P-dimensional input vectors, one or more P×N-dimensional matrixes, one or more N-dimensional intermediate value vectors, and one or more N-dimensional output vectors, and capable of executing, in parallel, two or more of reading processing of the input vector, reading processing of the matrix, reading processing of the intermediate value vector, and writing processing of the output vector, P being an integer of 2 or more, N being an integer of 2 or more, the arithmetic method comprising: controlling by setting read timings and write timing in operation processing including a D-dimensional (D is an integer of 3 or more) processing loop, the read timings being timings of a first input vector to be read in the input vectors, a first matrix to be read in the matrixes, and a first intermediate value vector to be read in the intermediate value vectors, the write timing being timing of a first output vector to be written in the output vectors; and calculating product of the first input vector and the first matrix read from the storage in accordance with the read timings, calculating sum of the product and the first intermediate value vector read from the storage in accordance with the read timing, and storing the sum as the first output vector in the storage at the write timing. | An arithmetic device includes storage, a controller, and operation circuitry. The storage stores therein P-dimensional input vectors, P×N-dimensional matrixes, N-dimensional intermediate value vectors, and N-dimensional output vectors, and is capable of executing, in parallel, two or more of reading processing of the input vector, reading processing of the matrix, reading processing of the intermediate value vector, and writing processing of the output vector. The controller sets read timings of a first input vector, a first matrix, and a first intermediate value vector, and write timing of a first output vector, in operation processing including a D-dimensional processing loop. The operation circuitry calculates product of the first input vector and the first matrix, calculates sum of the product and the first intermediate value vector, and stores the sum as the first output vector in the storage.1. An arithmetic device comprising:
storage storing therein one or more P-dimensional input vectors, one or more P×N-dimensional matrixes, one or more N-dimensional intermediate value vectors, and one or more N-dimensional output vectors, and capable of executing, in parallel, two or more of reading processing of the input vector, reading processing of the matrix, reading processing of the intermediate value vector, and writing processing of the output vector, P being an integer of 2 or more, N being an integer of 2 or more; a controller setting read timings and write timing in operation processing including a D-dimensional (D is an integer of 3 or more) processing loop, the read timings being timings of a first input vector to be read in the input vectors, a first matrix to be read in the matrixes, and a first intermediate value vector to be read in the intermediate value vectors, the write timing being timing of a first output vector to be written in the output vectors; and operation circuitry calculating product of the first input vector and the first matrix read from the storage in accordance with the read timings, calculating sum of the product and the first intermediate value vector read from the storage in accordance with the read timing, and storing the sum as the first output vector in the storage at the write timing. 2. The arithmetic device according to claim 1, wherein
the controller sets a reference value of an address of the first input vector, a reference value of an address of the first matrix, and a reference value of an address of the first intermediate value vector, an increment value of the address of the first input vector, an increment value of the address of the first matrix, and an increment value of the address of the first intermediate value vector in a processing loop of each of dimensions included in the D dimensions, and the operation circuitry determines the addresses of the first input vector, the first matrix, and the first intermediate value vector on the basis of the corresponding reference values and increment values. 3. The arithmetic device according to claim 1, wherein
the controller sets an offset for the reference value of the address of the first input vector, an offset for the reference value of the address of the first matrix, and an offset for the reference value of the address of the first intermediate value vector, and the operation circuitry determines the addresses of the first input vector, the first matrix, and the first intermediate value vector on the basis of the corresponding offsets. 4. The arithmetic device according to claim 1, wherein
the controller sets a range of the first input vector, a range of the first matrix, and a range of the first intermediate value vector to be processed in a processing loop of each of dimensions included in the D dimensions, and an offset for the range of the first input vector, an offset for the range of the first matrix, and an offset for the range of the first intermediate value vector, and the operation circuitry determines the ranges of the first input vector, the first matrix, and the first intermediate value vector on the basis of the corresponding ranges and offsets. 5. The arithmetic device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a register storing therein an initial value of the intermediate value vector, wherein the operation circuitry reads the first intermediate value vector from the register when a set initial condition is satisfied. 6. The arithmetic device according to claim 5, wherein the initial condition includes a condition to limit a range of data to which processing executed when the initial condition is satisfied is applied. 7. The arithmetic device according to claim 1, wherein the operation circuitry executes a nonlinear operation for the output vector when a set last condition is satisfied, and stores the first output vector for which the nonlinear operation has been executed in the storage at the write timing. 8. The arithmetic device according to claim 7, wherein the last condition includes a condition to limit a range of data to which processing executed when the last condition is satisfied is applied. 9. The arithmetic device according to claim 1, wherein the controller sets the read timings on the basis of parameters determining whether to update values of addresses designating the first input vector, the first matrix, and the first intermediate value vector in the processing loop. 10. The arithmetic device according to claim 1, wherein
the storage includes a plurality of memories each capable of storing therein Q P-dimensional vectors and accessible simultaneously, Q being an integer of 1 or more, the input vectors, the intermediate value vectors, and the output vectors are stored in any of the memories, and the matrix is divided into N memories in the memories, and stored therein. 11. An arithmetic method executed in an arithmetic device including storage,
the storage storing therein one or more P-dimensional input vectors, one or more P×N-dimensional matrixes, one or more N-dimensional intermediate value vectors, and one or more N-dimensional output vectors, and capable of executing, in parallel, two or more of reading processing of the input vector, reading processing of the matrix, reading processing of the intermediate value vector, and writing processing of the output vector, P being an integer of 2 or more, N being an integer of 2 or more, the arithmetic method comprising: controlling by setting read timings and write timing in operation processing including a D-dimensional (D is an integer of 3 or more) processing loop, the read timings being timings of a first input vector to be read in the input vectors, a first matrix to be read in the matrixes, and a first intermediate value vector to be read in the intermediate value vectors, the write timing being timing of a first output vector to be written in the output vectors; and calculating product of the first input vector and the first matrix read from the storage in accordance with the read timings, calculating sum of the product and the first intermediate value vector read from the storage in accordance with the read timing, and storing the sum as the first output vector in the storage at the write timing. | 2,800 |
340,048 | 16,801,016 | 2,896 | An arithmetic device includes storage, a controller, and operation circuitry. The storage stores therein P-dimensional input vectors, P×N-dimensional matrixes, N-dimensional intermediate value vectors, and N-dimensional output vectors, and is capable of executing, in parallel, two or more of reading processing of the input vector, reading processing of the matrix, reading processing of the intermediate value vector, and writing processing of the output vector. The controller sets read timings of a first input vector, a first matrix, and a first intermediate value vector, and write timing of a first output vector, in operation processing including a D-dimensional processing loop. The operation circuitry calculates product of the first input vector and the first matrix, calculates sum of the product and the first intermediate value vector, and stores the sum as the first output vector in the storage. | 1. An arithmetic device comprising:
storage storing therein one or more P-dimensional input vectors, one or more P×N-dimensional matrixes, one or more N-dimensional intermediate value vectors, and one or more N-dimensional output vectors, and capable of executing, in parallel, two or more of reading processing of the input vector, reading processing of the matrix, reading processing of the intermediate value vector, and writing processing of the output vector, P being an integer of 2 or more, N being an integer of 2 or more; a controller setting read timings and write timing in operation processing including a D-dimensional (D is an integer of 3 or more) processing loop, the read timings being timings of a first input vector to be read in the input vectors, a first matrix to be read in the matrixes, and a first intermediate value vector to be read in the intermediate value vectors, the write timing being timing of a first output vector to be written in the output vectors; and operation circuitry calculating product of the first input vector and the first matrix read from the storage in accordance with the read timings, calculating sum of the product and the first intermediate value vector read from the storage in accordance with the read timing, and storing the sum as the first output vector in the storage at the write timing. 2. The arithmetic device according to claim 1, wherein
the controller sets a reference value of an address of the first input vector, a reference value of an address of the first matrix, and a reference value of an address of the first intermediate value vector, an increment value of the address of the first input vector, an increment value of the address of the first matrix, and an increment value of the address of the first intermediate value vector in a processing loop of each of dimensions included in the D dimensions, and the operation circuitry determines the addresses of the first input vector, the first matrix, and the first intermediate value vector on the basis of the corresponding reference values and increment values. 3. The arithmetic device according to claim 1, wherein
the controller sets an offset for the reference value of the address of the first input vector, an offset for the reference value of the address of the first matrix, and an offset for the reference value of the address of the first intermediate value vector, and the operation circuitry determines the addresses of the first input vector, the first matrix, and the first intermediate value vector on the basis of the corresponding offsets. 4. The arithmetic device according to claim 1, wherein
the controller sets a range of the first input vector, a range of the first matrix, and a range of the first intermediate value vector to be processed in a processing loop of each of dimensions included in the D dimensions, and an offset for the range of the first input vector, an offset for the range of the first matrix, and an offset for the range of the first intermediate value vector, and the operation circuitry determines the ranges of the first input vector, the first matrix, and the first intermediate value vector on the basis of the corresponding ranges and offsets. 5. The arithmetic device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a register storing therein an initial value of the intermediate value vector, wherein the operation circuitry reads the first intermediate value vector from the register when a set initial condition is satisfied. 6. The arithmetic device according to claim 5, wherein the initial condition includes a condition to limit a range of data to which processing executed when the initial condition is satisfied is applied. 7. The arithmetic device according to claim 1, wherein the operation circuitry executes a nonlinear operation for the output vector when a set last condition is satisfied, and stores the first output vector for which the nonlinear operation has been executed in the storage at the write timing. 8. The arithmetic device according to claim 7, wherein the last condition includes a condition to limit a range of data to which processing executed when the last condition is satisfied is applied. 9. The arithmetic device according to claim 1, wherein the controller sets the read timings on the basis of parameters determining whether to update values of addresses designating the first input vector, the first matrix, and the first intermediate value vector in the processing loop. 10. The arithmetic device according to claim 1, wherein
the storage includes a plurality of memories each capable of storing therein Q P-dimensional vectors and accessible simultaneously, Q being an integer of 1 or more, the input vectors, the intermediate value vectors, and the output vectors are stored in any of the memories, and the matrix is divided into N memories in the memories, and stored therein. 11. An arithmetic method executed in an arithmetic device including storage,
the storage storing therein one or more P-dimensional input vectors, one or more P×N-dimensional matrixes, one or more N-dimensional intermediate value vectors, and one or more N-dimensional output vectors, and capable of executing, in parallel, two or more of reading processing of the input vector, reading processing of the matrix, reading processing of the intermediate value vector, and writing processing of the output vector, P being an integer of 2 or more, N being an integer of 2 or more, the arithmetic method comprising: controlling by setting read timings and write timing in operation processing including a D-dimensional (D is an integer of 3 or more) processing loop, the read timings being timings of a first input vector to be read in the input vectors, a first matrix to be read in the matrixes, and a first intermediate value vector to be read in the intermediate value vectors, the write timing being timing of a first output vector to be written in the output vectors; and calculating product of the first input vector and the first matrix read from the storage in accordance with the read timings, calculating sum of the product and the first intermediate value vector read from the storage in accordance with the read timing, and storing the sum as the first output vector in the storage at the write timing. | An arithmetic device includes storage, a controller, and operation circuitry. The storage stores therein P-dimensional input vectors, P×N-dimensional matrixes, N-dimensional intermediate value vectors, and N-dimensional output vectors, and is capable of executing, in parallel, two or more of reading processing of the input vector, reading processing of the matrix, reading processing of the intermediate value vector, and writing processing of the output vector. The controller sets read timings of a first input vector, a first matrix, and a first intermediate value vector, and write timing of a first output vector, in operation processing including a D-dimensional processing loop. The operation circuitry calculates product of the first input vector and the first matrix, calculates sum of the product and the first intermediate value vector, and stores the sum as the first output vector in the storage.1. An arithmetic device comprising:
storage storing therein one or more P-dimensional input vectors, one or more P×N-dimensional matrixes, one or more N-dimensional intermediate value vectors, and one or more N-dimensional output vectors, and capable of executing, in parallel, two or more of reading processing of the input vector, reading processing of the matrix, reading processing of the intermediate value vector, and writing processing of the output vector, P being an integer of 2 or more, N being an integer of 2 or more; a controller setting read timings and write timing in operation processing including a D-dimensional (D is an integer of 3 or more) processing loop, the read timings being timings of a first input vector to be read in the input vectors, a first matrix to be read in the matrixes, and a first intermediate value vector to be read in the intermediate value vectors, the write timing being timing of a first output vector to be written in the output vectors; and operation circuitry calculating product of the first input vector and the first matrix read from the storage in accordance with the read timings, calculating sum of the product and the first intermediate value vector read from the storage in accordance with the read timing, and storing the sum as the first output vector in the storage at the write timing. 2. The arithmetic device according to claim 1, wherein
the controller sets a reference value of an address of the first input vector, a reference value of an address of the first matrix, and a reference value of an address of the first intermediate value vector, an increment value of the address of the first input vector, an increment value of the address of the first matrix, and an increment value of the address of the first intermediate value vector in a processing loop of each of dimensions included in the D dimensions, and the operation circuitry determines the addresses of the first input vector, the first matrix, and the first intermediate value vector on the basis of the corresponding reference values and increment values. 3. The arithmetic device according to claim 1, wherein
the controller sets an offset for the reference value of the address of the first input vector, an offset for the reference value of the address of the first matrix, and an offset for the reference value of the address of the first intermediate value vector, and the operation circuitry determines the addresses of the first input vector, the first matrix, and the first intermediate value vector on the basis of the corresponding offsets. 4. The arithmetic device according to claim 1, wherein
the controller sets a range of the first input vector, a range of the first matrix, and a range of the first intermediate value vector to be processed in a processing loop of each of dimensions included in the D dimensions, and an offset for the range of the first input vector, an offset for the range of the first matrix, and an offset for the range of the first intermediate value vector, and the operation circuitry determines the ranges of the first input vector, the first matrix, and the first intermediate value vector on the basis of the corresponding ranges and offsets. 5. The arithmetic device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a register storing therein an initial value of the intermediate value vector, wherein the operation circuitry reads the first intermediate value vector from the register when a set initial condition is satisfied. 6. The arithmetic device according to claim 5, wherein the initial condition includes a condition to limit a range of data to which processing executed when the initial condition is satisfied is applied. 7. The arithmetic device according to claim 1, wherein the operation circuitry executes a nonlinear operation for the output vector when a set last condition is satisfied, and stores the first output vector for which the nonlinear operation has been executed in the storage at the write timing. 8. The arithmetic device according to claim 7, wherein the last condition includes a condition to limit a range of data to which processing executed when the last condition is satisfied is applied. 9. The arithmetic device according to claim 1, wherein the controller sets the read timings on the basis of parameters determining whether to update values of addresses designating the first input vector, the first matrix, and the first intermediate value vector in the processing loop. 10. The arithmetic device according to claim 1, wherein
the storage includes a plurality of memories each capable of storing therein Q P-dimensional vectors and accessible simultaneously, Q being an integer of 1 or more, the input vectors, the intermediate value vectors, and the output vectors are stored in any of the memories, and the matrix is divided into N memories in the memories, and stored therein. 11. An arithmetic method executed in an arithmetic device including storage,
the storage storing therein one or more P-dimensional input vectors, one or more P×N-dimensional matrixes, one or more N-dimensional intermediate value vectors, and one or more N-dimensional output vectors, and capable of executing, in parallel, two or more of reading processing of the input vector, reading processing of the matrix, reading processing of the intermediate value vector, and writing processing of the output vector, P being an integer of 2 or more, N being an integer of 2 or more, the arithmetic method comprising: controlling by setting read timings and write timing in operation processing including a D-dimensional (D is an integer of 3 or more) processing loop, the read timings being timings of a first input vector to be read in the input vectors, a first matrix to be read in the matrixes, and a first intermediate value vector to be read in the intermediate value vectors, the write timing being timing of a first output vector to be written in the output vectors; and calculating product of the first input vector and the first matrix read from the storage in accordance with the read timings, calculating sum of the product and the first intermediate value vector read from the storage in accordance with the read timing, and storing the sum as the first output vector in the storage at the write timing. | 2,800 |
340,049 | 16,801,013 | 2,896 | A semiconductor device of an embodiment includes: a first nitride semiconductor layer of a first conductive type; a second nitride semiconductor layer which is the first conductive type and is provided on the first nitride semiconductor layer; a third nitride semiconductor layer which is a second conductive type and is provided on the second nitride semiconductor layer; a fourth nitride semiconductor layer which is the first conductive type and is provided on the third nitride semiconductor layer; and a first electrode provided in a trench provided in the second nitride semiconductor layer, the third nitride semiconductor layer, and the fourth nitride semiconductor layer, via a first insulating film. | 1. A semiconductor device comprising:
a first nitride semiconductor layer of a first conductive type; a second nitride semiconductor layer which is the first conductive type and is provided on the first nitride semiconductor layer; a third nitride semiconductor layer which is a second conductive type and is provided on the second nitride semiconductor layer; a fourth nitride semiconductor layer which is the first conductive type and is provided on the third nitride semiconductor layer; and a first electrode provided in a trench provided in the second nitride semiconductor layer, the third nitride semiconductor layer, and the fourth nitride semiconductor layer, via a first insulating film, wherein the third nitride semiconductor layer and the first electrode extend in a direction perpendicular to a direction in which the first nitride semiconductor layer and the second nitride semiconductor layer are stacked and are bent in zigzag. 2. The semiconductor device according to claim 1,
wherein a plurality of third nitride semiconductor layers are provided to interpose the first electrode between the third nitride semiconductor layers, and the third nitride semiconductor layer and the first electrode extend in the direction perpendicular to the direction in which the first nitride semiconductor layer and the second nitride semiconductor layer are stacked, and extend in stripes in the same direction. 3. The semiconductor device according to claim 1,
wherein a main crystal plane of the third nitride semiconductor layer, which faces the first insulating film is configured by one equivalent crystal plane. 4. The semiconductor device according to claim 1,
wherein the trench is tapered toward a bottom. 5. The semiconductor device according to claim 1,
wherein the bent portion of the third nitride semiconductor layer and the first electrode includes a curved surface. 6. The semiconductor device according to claim 1,
wherein a bending interval between the third nitride semiconductor layer and the first electrode is regular, and bending angles of the third nitride semiconductor layer and the first electrode are regular. 7. The semiconductor device according to claim 1,
wherein a length of the third nitride semiconductor layer in a channel width direction is equal to or greater than 10 μm. 8. The semiconductor device according to claim 1,
wherein bending angles of the third nitride semiconductor layer and the first electrode are 120±5° or −120±5°. 9. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a second electrode provided on the fourth nitride semiconductor layer, wherein the fourth nitride semiconductor layer, the first insulating film, and the second electrode extend to regularly bend in zigzag in the same direction as a direction in which the third nitride semiconductor layer and the first electrode extend. 10. The semiconductor device according to claim 1,
wherein a portion of the third nitride semiconductor layer and the first electrode is divided in the extending direction. | A semiconductor device of an embodiment includes: a first nitride semiconductor layer of a first conductive type; a second nitride semiconductor layer which is the first conductive type and is provided on the first nitride semiconductor layer; a third nitride semiconductor layer which is a second conductive type and is provided on the second nitride semiconductor layer; a fourth nitride semiconductor layer which is the first conductive type and is provided on the third nitride semiconductor layer; and a first electrode provided in a trench provided in the second nitride semiconductor layer, the third nitride semiconductor layer, and the fourth nitride semiconductor layer, via a first insulating film.1. A semiconductor device comprising:
a first nitride semiconductor layer of a first conductive type; a second nitride semiconductor layer which is the first conductive type and is provided on the first nitride semiconductor layer; a third nitride semiconductor layer which is a second conductive type and is provided on the second nitride semiconductor layer; a fourth nitride semiconductor layer which is the first conductive type and is provided on the third nitride semiconductor layer; and a first electrode provided in a trench provided in the second nitride semiconductor layer, the third nitride semiconductor layer, and the fourth nitride semiconductor layer, via a first insulating film, wherein the third nitride semiconductor layer and the first electrode extend in a direction perpendicular to a direction in which the first nitride semiconductor layer and the second nitride semiconductor layer are stacked and are bent in zigzag. 2. The semiconductor device according to claim 1,
wherein a plurality of third nitride semiconductor layers are provided to interpose the first electrode between the third nitride semiconductor layers, and the third nitride semiconductor layer and the first electrode extend in the direction perpendicular to the direction in which the first nitride semiconductor layer and the second nitride semiconductor layer are stacked, and extend in stripes in the same direction. 3. The semiconductor device according to claim 1,
wherein a main crystal plane of the third nitride semiconductor layer, which faces the first insulating film is configured by one equivalent crystal plane. 4. The semiconductor device according to claim 1,
wherein the trench is tapered toward a bottom. 5. The semiconductor device according to claim 1,
wherein the bent portion of the third nitride semiconductor layer and the first electrode includes a curved surface. 6. The semiconductor device according to claim 1,
wherein a bending interval between the third nitride semiconductor layer and the first electrode is regular, and bending angles of the third nitride semiconductor layer and the first electrode are regular. 7. The semiconductor device according to claim 1,
wherein a length of the third nitride semiconductor layer in a channel width direction is equal to or greater than 10 μm. 8. The semiconductor device according to claim 1,
wherein bending angles of the third nitride semiconductor layer and the first electrode are 120±5° or −120±5°. 9. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a second electrode provided on the fourth nitride semiconductor layer, wherein the fourth nitride semiconductor layer, the first insulating film, and the second electrode extend to regularly bend in zigzag in the same direction as a direction in which the third nitride semiconductor layer and the first electrode extend. 10. The semiconductor device according to claim 1,
wherein a portion of the third nitride semiconductor layer and the first electrode is divided in the extending direction. | 2,800 |
340,050 | 16,801,030 | 2,896 | A webbing length adjustment device has an outer shell, an adjustment assembly, and an elastic member. The adjustment assembly is disposed in and is moveable relative to the outer shell, and has an operating member having a lateral pressing plate portion and a sliding member moving relative to the operating member. The lateral pressing plate portion is formed on the operating member, is located above the outer shell, and is located beside the second through hole for giving more areas to exert force easily and operate conveniently. The lateral pressing plate portion is located at an outer side of a first webbing. There is no interference between the first webbing and user's hand. The elastic member is disposed in the outer shell, and is connected to the outer shell and the operating member for giving a restoring force to the operating member. The outer shell is hard to damage. | 1. A webbing length adjustment device applied to be connected to a first webbing and a second webbing of a seat belt system, and the webbing length adjustment device comprising:
an outer shell having
a wall having
a first side plate having a first connecting hole formed through the first side plate;
a second side plate being laterally opposite to the first side plate at a spaced interval and having a second connecting hole formed through the second side plate; and
a bottom plate disposed between and connected with the first side plate and the second side plate; and
a longitudinal groove formed in the wall, located between the first side plate and the second side plate, located above the bottom plate, communicating with the first connecting hole of the first side plate and the second connecting hole of the second side plate, and having at least one upward opening formed on the wall;
an adjustment assembly disposed in the outer shell and having
an operating member moveably disposed in the longitudinal groove of the outer shell, and having
a first through hole formed through the operating member and located in the longitudinal groove of the outer shell;
a second through hole formed through the operating member and located above the first through hole, wherein the first webbing is inserted through the first through hole and the second through hole of the operating member for being connected to the operating member; and
a lateral pressing plate portion formed on the operating member, located above the outer shell, and located beside the second through hole, wherein the lateral pressing plate portion is located at an outer side of the first webbing; and
a sliding member disposed in the first through hole of the operating member, wherein the operating member and the sliding member are disposed in the outer shell and move relative to each other, wherein the second webbing passes through the first through hole of the operating member from an outer side of the outer shell, curls around the sliding member and returns from the first through hole, and passes out the outer shell, the second webbing is locked or unlocked by a relative motion between the operating member and the sliding member; and
an elastic member disposed in the longitudinal groove of the outer shell, and located between the bottom plate and the operating member. 2. The webbing length adjustment device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sliding member has
a sliding plate located at a side of the operating member, located in the first connecting hole of the first side plate of the outer shell, and having a side surface facing the operating member; and two sliding connecting portions disposed on the side surface of the sliding plate at a spaced interval and inserted into the first through hole of the operating member. 3. The webbing length adjustment device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the first side plate has
an inner side surface facing the longitudinal groove; and two positioning grooves formed on the inner side surface of the first side plate and oppositely located beside the first connecting hole; and the sliding plate of the sliding member has a base plate portion located in the first connecting hole of the first side plate and having two side ends; and two side plate portions respectively formed on and upwardly protruded from the two side ends of the base plate portion, and respectively inserted into the two positioning grooves of the first side plate for limiting a longitudinal movement distance of the sliding member. 4. The webbing length adjustment device as claimed in claim 3, wherein the sliding member has
a covering body wound around and fixed on the base plate portion of the sliding plate, and having
two side ends; and
the two sliding connecting portions respectively formed on the two side ends of the covering body, and inserted through the first through hole of the operating member. 5. The webbing length adjustment device as claimed in claim 3, wherein the two sliding connecting portions are two protrusions, are formed on a side surface of the base plate portion, and are inserted into the first through hole of the operating member. 6. The webbing length adjustment device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the outer shell has a lateral protrusion formed on a bottom end of the first side plate of the wall and is located below the lateral pressing plate portion. 7. The webbing length adjustment device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the outer shell has a lateral protrusion formed on a bottom end of the first side plate of the wall and located below the lateral pressing plate portion. 8. The webbing length adjustment device as claimed in claim 3, wherein the outer shell has a lateral protrusion formed on a bottom end of the first side plate of the wall and located below the lateral pressing plate portion. 9. The webbing length adjustment device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the elastic member is an elastic slice, is disposed in the longitudinal groove of the outer shell, and has
an elastic base being an upward arc, and having
two side ends; and
a middle section located between the two side ends of the elastic base and connected to a middle of a bottom surface of the operating member; and
two end portions respectively formed on the two side ends of the elastic base and abutting against the bottom plate. 10. The webbing length adjustment device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the elastic member is an elastic slice, is disposed in the longitudinal groove of the outer shell, and has
an elastic base being an upward arc, and having
two side ends; and
a middle section located between the two side ends of the elastic base and connected to a middle of a bottom surface of the operating member; and
two end portions respectively formed on the two side ends of the elastic base and abutting against the bottom plate. 11. The webbing length adjustment device as claimed in claim 3, wherein the elastic member is an elastic slice, is disposed in the longitudinal groove of the outer shell, and has
an elastic base being an upward arc, and having two side ends; and
a middle section located between the two side ends of the elastic base and connected to a middle of a bottom surface of the operating member; and
two end portions respectively formed on the two side ends of the elastic base and abutting against the bottom plate. 12. The webbing length adjustment device as claimed in claim 1, wherein
the operating member has a longitudinal plate portion moveably disposed in the longitudinal groove of the outer shell and having a top end; the lateral pressing plate portion is integrated into the top end of the longitudinal plate portion and bends laterally; the first through hole is formed through the longitudinal plate portion; and the second through hole is formed through the longitudinal plate portion adjacent to the lateral pressing plate portion. 13. The webbing length adjustment device as claimed in claim 2, wherein
the operating member has a longitudinal plate portion moveably disposed in the longitudinal groove of the outer shell and having a top end; the lateral pressing plate portion is integrated into the top end of the longitudinal plate portion and bends laterally; the first through hole is formed through the longitudinal plate portion; and the second through hole is formed through the longitudinal plate portion adjacent to the lateral pressing plate portion. 14. The webbing length adjustment device as claimed in claim 3, wherein
the operating member has a longitudinal plate portion moveably disposed in the longitudinal groove of the outer shell and having a top end; the lateral pressing plate portion is integrated into the top end of the longitudinal plate portion and bends laterally; the first through hole is formed through the longitudinal plate portion; and the second through hole is formed through the longitudinal plate portion adjacent to the lateral pressing plate portion. 15. The webbing length adjustment device as claimed in claim 12, wherein the wall has a lateral protrusion formed on a bottom end of the first side plate of the wall and located below the lateral pressing plate portion. 16. The webbing length adjustment device as claimed in claim 13, wherein the wall has a lateral protrusion formed on a bottom end of the first side plate of the wall and located below the lateral pressing plate portion. 17. The webbing length adjustment device as claimed in claim 12, wherein the second connecting hole of the second side plate is formed from a top end of the second side plate and extends longitudinally. 18. The webbing length adjustment device as claimed in claim 13, wherein the second connecting hole of the second side plate is formed from a top end of the second side plate and extends longitudinally. 19. The webbing length adjustment device as claimed in claim 12, wherein the elastic member is an elastic slice, is disposed in the longitudinal groove of the outer shell, and has
an elastic base being an upward arc, and having two side ends; and
a middle section located between the two side ends of the elastic base and connected to a middle of a bottom surface of the operating member; and
two end portions respectively formed on the two side ends of the elastic base and abutting against the bottom plate. 20. The webbing length adjustment device as claimed in claim 13, wherein the elastic member is an elastic slice, is disposed in the longitudinal groove of the outer shell, and has
an elastic base being an upward arc, and having two side ends; and
a middle section located between the two side ends of the elastic base and connected to a middle of a bottom surface of the operating member; and
two end portions respectively formed on the two side ends of the elastic base and abutting against the bottom plate. 21. The webbing length adjustment device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the operating member has
a longitudinal plate portion moveably disposed on the outer shell and having
a top section disposed out of the outer shell; and
a bottom section moveably located below the top section of the longitudinal plate portion and disposed in the longitudinal groove of the outer shell;
a covering shell covering the top section of the longitudinal plate portion and located above the outer shell; the first through hole formed through the bottom section of the longitudinal plate portion; the second through hole formed through the top section of the longitudinal plate portion and the covering shell; and the lateral pressing plate portion formed on the covering shell. 22. The webbing length adjustment device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the operating member has
a longitudinal plate portion moveably disposed on the outer shell and having
a top section disposed out of the outer shell; and
a bottom section moveably located below the top section of the longitudinal plate portion and disposed in the longitudinal groove of the outer shell;
a covering shell covering the top section of the longitudinal plate portion and located above the outer shell; the first through hole formed through the bottom section of the longitudinal plate portion; the second through hole formed through the top section of the longitudinal plate portion and the covering shell; and the lateral pressing plate portion formed on the covering shell. 23. The webbing length adjustment device as claimed in claim 3, wherein the operating member has
a longitudinal plate portion moveably disposed on the outer shell and having
a top section disposed out of the outer shell; and
a bottom section moveably located below the top section of the longitudinal plate portion and disposed in the longitudinal groove of the outer shell;
a covering shell covering the top section of the longitudinal plate portion and located above the outer shell; the first through hole formed through the bottom section of the longitudinal plate portion; the second through hole formed through the top section of the longitudinal plate portion and the covering shell; and the lateral pressing plate portion formed on the covering shell. 24. The webbing length adjustment device as claimed in claim 21, wherein the wall has a lateral protrusion formed on a bottom end of the first side plate of the wall and located below the lateral pressing plate portion. 25. The webbing length adjustment device as claimed in claim 22, wherein the wall has a lateral protrusion formed on a bottom end of the first side plate of the wall and located below the lateral pressing plate portion. 26. The webbing length adjustment device as claimed in claim 21, wherein the elastic member is an elastic slice, is disposed in the longitudinal groove of the outer shell, and has
an elastic base being an upward arc, and having two side ends; and
a middle section located between the two side ends of the elastic base and connected to a middle of a bottom surface of the operating member; and
two end portions respectively formed on the two side ends of the elastic base and abutting against the bottom plate. 27. The webbing length adjustment device as claimed in claim 22, wherein the elastic member is an elastic slice, is disposed in the longitudinal groove of the outer shell, and has
an elastic base being an upward arc, and having two side ends; and
a middle section located between the two side ends of the elastic base and connected to a middle of a bottom surface of the operating member; and
two end portions respectively formed on the two side ends of the elastic base and abutting against the bottom plate. | A webbing length adjustment device has an outer shell, an adjustment assembly, and an elastic member. The adjustment assembly is disposed in and is moveable relative to the outer shell, and has an operating member having a lateral pressing plate portion and a sliding member moving relative to the operating member. The lateral pressing plate portion is formed on the operating member, is located above the outer shell, and is located beside the second through hole for giving more areas to exert force easily and operate conveniently. The lateral pressing plate portion is located at an outer side of a first webbing. There is no interference between the first webbing and user's hand. The elastic member is disposed in the outer shell, and is connected to the outer shell and the operating member for giving a restoring force to the operating member. The outer shell is hard to damage.1. A webbing length adjustment device applied to be connected to a first webbing and a second webbing of a seat belt system, and the webbing length adjustment device comprising:
an outer shell having
a wall having
a first side plate having a first connecting hole formed through the first side plate;
a second side plate being laterally opposite to the first side plate at a spaced interval and having a second connecting hole formed through the second side plate; and
a bottom plate disposed between and connected with the first side plate and the second side plate; and
a longitudinal groove formed in the wall, located between the first side plate and the second side plate, located above the bottom plate, communicating with the first connecting hole of the first side plate and the second connecting hole of the second side plate, and having at least one upward opening formed on the wall;
an adjustment assembly disposed in the outer shell and having
an operating member moveably disposed in the longitudinal groove of the outer shell, and having
a first through hole formed through the operating member and located in the longitudinal groove of the outer shell;
a second through hole formed through the operating member and located above the first through hole, wherein the first webbing is inserted through the first through hole and the second through hole of the operating member for being connected to the operating member; and
a lateral pressing plate portion formed on the operating member, located above the outer shell, and located beside the second through hole, wherein the lateral pressing plate portion is located at an outer side of the first webbing; and
a sliding member disposed in the first through hole of the operating member, wherein the operating member and the sliding member are disposed in the outer shell and move relative to each other, wherein the second webbing passes through the first through hole of the operating member from an outer side of the outer shell, curls around the sliding member and returns from the first through hole, and passes out the outer shell, the second webbing is locked or unlocked by a relative motion between the operating member and the sliding member; and
an elastic member disposed in the longitudinal groove of the outer shell, and located between the bottom plate and the operating member. 2. The webbing length adjustment device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sliding member has
a sliding plate located at a side of the operating member, located in the first connecting hole of the first side plate of the outer shell, and having a side surface facing the operating member; and two sliding connecting portions disposed on the side surface of the sliding plate at a spaced interval and inserted into the first through hole of the operating member. 3. The webbing length adjustment device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the first side plate has
an inner side surface facing the longitudinal groove; and two positioning grooves formed on the inner side surface of the first side plate and oppositely located beside the first connecting hole; and the sliding plate of the sliding member has a base plate portion located in the first connecting hole of the first side plate and having two side ends; and two side plate portions respectively formed on and upwardly protruded from the two side ends of the base plate portion, and respectively inserted into the two positioning grooves of the first side plate for limiting a longitudinal movement distance of the sliding member. 4. The webbing length adjustment device as claimed in claim 3, wherein the sliding member has
a covering body wound around and fixed on the base plate portion of the sliding plate, and having
two side ends; and
the two sliding connecting portions respectively formed on the two side ends of the covering body, and inserted through the first through hole of the operating member. 5. The webbing length adjustment device as claimed in claim 3, wherein the two sliding connecting portions are two protrusions, are formed on a side surface of the base plate portion, and are inserted into the first through hole of the operating member. 6. The webbing length adjustment device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the outer shell has a lateral protrusion formed on a bottom end of the first side plate of the wall and is located below the lateral pressing plate portion. 7. The webbing length adjustment device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the outer shell has a lateral protrusion formed on a bottom end of the first side plate of the wall and located below the lateral pressing plate portion. 8. The webbing length adjustment device as claimed in claim 3, wherein the outer shell has a lateral protrusion formed on a bottom end of the first side plate of the wall and located below the lateral pressing plate portion. 9. The webbing length adjustment device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the elastic member is an elastic slice, is disposed in the longitudinal groove of the outer shell, and has
an elastic base being an upward arc, and having
two side ends; and
a middle section located between the two side ends of the elastic base and connected to a middle of a bottom surface of the operating member; and
two end portions respectively formed on the two side ends of the elastic base and abutting against the bottom plate. 10. The webbing length adjustment device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the elastic member is an elastic slice, is disposed in the longitudinal groove of the outer shell, and has
an elastic base being an upward arc, and having
two side ends; and
a middle section located between the two side ends of the elastic base and connected to a middle of a bottom surface of the operating member; and
two end portions respectively formed on the two side ends of the elastic base and abutting against the bottom plate. 11. The webbing length adjustment device as claimed in claim 3, wherein the elastic member is an elastic slice, is disposed in the longitudinal groove of the outer shell, and has
an elastic base being an upward arc, and having two side ends; and
a middle section located between the two side ends of the elastic base and connected to a middle of a bottom surface of the operating member; and
two end portions respectively formed on the two side ends of the elastic base and abutting against the bottom plate. 12. The webbing length adjustment device as claimed in claim 1, wherein
the operating member has a longitudinal plate portion moveably disposed in the longitudinal groove of the outer shell and having a top end; the lateral pressing plate portion is integrated into the top end of the longitudinal plate portion and bends laterally; the first through hole is formed through the longitudinal plate portion; and the second through hole is formed through the longitudinal plate portion adjacent to the lateral pressing plate portion. 13. The webbing length adjustment device as claimed in claim 2, wherein
the operating member has a longitudinal plate portion moveably disposed in the longitudinal groove of the outer shell and having a top end; the lateral pressing plate portion is integrated into the top end of the longitudinal plate portion and bends laterally; the first through hole is formed through the longitudinal plate portion; and the second through hole is formed through the longitudinal plate portion adjacent to the lateral pressing plate portion. 14. The webbing length adjustment device as claimed in claim 3, wherein
the operating member has a longitudinal plate portion moveably disposed in the longitudinal groove of the outer shell and having a top end; the lateral pressing plate portion is integrated into the top end of the longitudinal plate portion and bends laterally; the first through hole is formed through the longitudinal plate portion; and the second through hole is formed through the longitudinal plate portion adjacent to the lateral pressing plate portion. 15. The webbing length adjustment device as claimed in claim 12, wherein the wall has a lateral protrusion formed on a bottom end of the first side plate of the wall and located below the lateral pressing plate portion. 16. The webbing length adjustment device as claimed in claim 13, wherein the wall has a lateral protrusion formed on a bottom end of the first side plate of the wall and located below the lateral pressing plate portion. 17. The webbing length adjustment device as claimed in claim 12, wherein the second connecting hole of the second side plate is formed from a top end of the second side plate and extends longitudinally. 18. The webbing length adjustment device as claimed in claim 13, wherein the second connecting hole of the second side plate is formed from a top end of the second side plate and extends longitudinally. 19. The webbing length adjustment device as claimed in claim 12, wherein the elastic member is an elastic slice, is disposed in the longitudinal groove of the outer shell, and has
an elastic base being an upward arc, and having two side ends; and
a middle section located between the two side ends of the elastic base and connected to a middle of a bottom surface of the operating member; and
two end portions respectively formed on the two side ends of the elastic base and abutting against the bottom plate. 20. The webbing length adjustment device as claimed in claim 13, wherein the elastic member is an elastic slice, is disposed in the longitudinal groove of the outer shell, and has
an elastic base being an upward arc, and having two side ends; and
a middle section located between the two side ends of the elastic base and connected to a middle of a bottom surface of the operating member; and
two end portions respectively formed on the two side ends of the elastic base and abutting against the bottom plate. 21. The webbing length adjustment device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the operating member has
a longitudinal plate portion moveably disposed on the outer shell and having
a top section disposed out of the outer shell; and
a bottom section moveably located below the top section of the longitudinal plate portion and disposed in the longitudinal groove of the outer shell;
a covering shell covering the top section of the longitudinal plate portion and located above the outer shell; the first through hole formed through the bottom section of the longitudinal plate portion; the second through hole formed through the top section of the longitudinal plate portion and the covering shell; and the lateral pressing plate portion formed on the covering shell. 22. The webbing length adjustment device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the operating member has
a longitudinal plate portion moveably disposed on the outer shell and having
a top section disposed out of the outer shell; and
a bottom section moveably located below the top section of the longitudinal plate portion and disposed in the longitudinal groove of the outer shell;
a covering shell covering the top section of the longitudinal plate portion and located above the outer shell; the first through hole formed through the bottom section of the longitudinal plate portion; the second through hole formed through the top section of the longitudinal plate portion and the covering shell; and the lateral pressing plate portion formed on the covering shell. 23. The webbing length adjustment device as claimed in claim 3, wherein the operating member has
a longitudinal plate portion moveably disposed on the outer shell and having
a top section disposed out of the outer shell; and
a bottom section moveably located below the top section of the longitudinal plate portion and disposed in the longitudinal groove of the outer shell;
a covering shell covering the top section of the longitudinal plate portion and located above the outer shell; the first through hole formed through the bottom section of the longitudinal plate portion; the second through hole formed through the top section of the longitudinal plate portion and the covering shell; and the lateral pressing plate portion formed on the covering shell. 24. The webbing length adjustment device as claimed in claim 21, wherein the wall has a lateral protrusion formed on a bottom end of the first side plate of the wall and located below the lateral pressing plate portion. 25. The webbing length adjustment device as claimed in claim 22, wherein the wall has a lateral protrusion formed on a bottom end of the first side plate of the wall and located below the lateral pressing plate portion. 26. The webbing length adjustment device as claimed in claim 21, wherein the elastic member is an elastic slice, is disposed in the longitudinal groove of the outer shell, and has
an elastic base being an upward arc, and having two side ends; and
a middle section located between the two side ends of the elastic base and connected to a middle of a bottom surface of the operating member; and
two end portions respectively formed on the two side ends of the elastic base and abutting against the bottom plate. 27. The webbing length adjustment device as claimed in claim 22, wherein the elastic member is an elastic slice, is disposed in the longitudinal groove of the outer shell, and has
an elastic base being an upward arc, and having two side ends; and
a middle section located between the two side ends of the elastic base and connected to a middle of a bottom surface of the operating member; and
two end portions respectively formed on the two side ends of the elastic base and abutting against the bottom plate. | 2,800 |
340,051 | 16,800,991 | 2,896 | A weight for attaching to a sprinkler is disclosed. The weight includes a connector having a passageway for water to flow between a first end and a second end. The first end includes a first coupling. The second end includes an outer surface and an inner surface. The outer surface includes a second coupling and the inner surface includes a third coupling. The connector supports a shell having a chamber. The chamber allows a user to add weight to or subtract weight from the shell. In a first aspect, the weight can be attach in multiple orientations to the same sprinkler. In a second aspect, the weight can be attached to a plurality of sprinklers that have different designs. In either aspect, the weight is considered universal. | 1. A weight for attaching to a sprinkler, the weight comprising:
a connector having a passageway for water between a first end and a second end, the first end comprising a first coupling, the second end comprising an outer surface and an inner surface, the outer surface comprising a second coupling, the inner surface comprising a third coupling; a shell having a channel and a chamber, the channel receiving a portion of the connector that is located between the first coupling and the second coupling, the chamber being configured for a user to add weight to or subtract weight from the shell; and an engagement structure disposed on the connector and the shell, the engagement structure at least inhibiting relative movement between the connector and the shell when the portion of the connector is received within the channel of the shell. 2. The weight of claim 1, wherein the engagement structure disposed on the connector is at a location between the first end and the second end. 3. The weight of claim 1, wherein the engagement structure disposed on the shell is at a location in the channel. 4. The weight of claim 1, wherein the first end of the connector comprises an outer surface, and wherein the first coupling is disposed on the outer surface. 5. The weight of claim 1, wherein the first coupling is in a form of at least one barb. 6. The weight of claim 1, wherein the first coupling is in a form of a thread. 7. The weight of claim 6, wherein the first coupling is a ¾ inch male NPT. 8. The weight of claim 1, wherein the second coupling is in a form of a thread. 9. The weight of claim 8, wherein a diameter of the second coupling is greater than ¾ inches. 10. The weight of claim 1, wherein the third coupling is in a form of a thread. 11. The weight of claim 10, wherein the third coupling is a ¾ inch female NPT. 12. The weight of claim 1, wherein the engagement structure at least inhibits relative rotational movement between the connector and the shell when the portion of the connector is received within the channel of the shell. 13. The weight of claim 1, wherein the engagement structure at least inhibits relative longitudinal movement between the connector and the shell when the portion of the connector is received within the channel of the shell. 14. The weight of claim 1, wherein the engagement structure comprises one or more of one or more ribs engaged with one or more slots, a hex shape engaged with a complementary hex shape, a flat surface engaged with a complementary flat surface, or a barb engaged with a lip. 15. A weight for attaching to a sprinkler, the weight comprising:
a first end having a first coupling in a form of a first thread; a second end having an outer surface and an inner surface, the outer surface comprising a second coupling in a form of a second thread, the inner surface comprising a third coupling in a form of a third thread; a passageway for water to flow between the first end and the second end; and a chamber configured to confine a material that adds weight. 16. The weight of claim 15, wherein the first coupling is a ¾ inch male NPT, a diameter of the second coupling is greater than ¾ inches, and the third coupling is a ¾ inch female NPT. 17. The weight of claim 15, further comprising a fill port into the chamber, and wherein the material is shot. 18. A weight for attaching to at least a top end and a bottom end of a single sprinkler, the weight comprising:
a first end having a first coupling in a form of a first thread; a second end having an outer surface and an inner surface, the outer surface comprising a second coupling in a form of a second thread and configured to engage with the bottom end of the sprinkler, the inner surface comprising a third coupling in a form of a third thread and configured to engage with the top end of the sprinkler; and a passageway for water to flow between the first end and the second end. 19. The weight of claim 18, wherein the first end comprises an outer surface, and wherein the first coupling is disposed on the outer surface. 20. The weight of claim 18, wherein the first coupling is a ¾ inch male NPT, a diameter of the second coupling is greater than ¾ inches, and the third coupling is a ¾ inch female NPT. 21. The weight of claim 18, wherein both the first coupling and the third coupling have a first diameter, and wherein the second coupling has a second diameter greater than the first diameter. | A weight for attaching to a sprinkler is disclosed. The weight includes a connector having a passageway for water to flow between a first end and a second end. The first end includes a first coupling. The second end includes an outer surface and an inner surface. The outer surface includes a second coupling and the inner surface includes a third coupling. The connector supports a shell having a chamber. The chamber allows a user to add weight to or subtract weight from the shell. In a first aspect, the weight can be attach in multiple orientations to the same sprinkler. In a second aspect, the weight can be attached to a plurality of sprinklers that have different designs. In either aspect, the weight is considered universal.1. A weight for attaching to a sprinkler, the weight comprising:
a connector having a passageway for water between a first end and a second end, the first end comprising a first coupling, the second end comprising an outer surface and an inner surface, the outer surface comprising a second coupling, the inner surface comprising a third coupling; a shell having a channel and a chamber, the channel receiving a portion of the connector that is located between the first coupling and the second coupling, the chamber being configured for a user to add weight to or subtract weight from the shell; and an engagement structure disposed on the connector and the shell, the engagement structure at least inhibiting relative movement between the connector and the shell when the portion of the connector is received within the channel of the shell. 2. The weight of claim 1, wherein the engagement structure disposed on the connector is at a location between the first end and the second end. 3. The weight of claim 1, wherein the engagement structure disposed on the shell is at a location in the channel. 4. The weight of claim 1, wherein the first end of the connector comprises an outer surface, and wherein the first coupling is disposed on the outer surface. 5. The weight of claim 1, wherein the first coupling is in a form of at least one barb. 6. The weight of claim 1, wherein the first coupling is in a form of a thread. 7. The weight of claim 6, wherein the first coupling is a ¾ inch male NPT. 8. The weight of claim 1, wherein the second coupling is in a form of a thread. 9. The weight of claim 8, wherein a diameter of the second coupling is greater than ¾ inches. 10. The weight of claim 1, wherein the third coupling is in a form of a thread. 11. The weight of claim 10, wherein the third coupling is a ¾ inch female NPT. 12. The weight of claim 1, wherein the engagement structure at least inhibits relative rotational movement between the connector and the shell when the portion of the connector is received within the channel of the shell. 13. The weight of claim 1, wherein the engagement structure at least inhibits relative longitudinal movement between the connector and the shell when the portion of the connector is received within the channel of the shell. 14. The weight of claim 1, wherein the engagement structure comprises one or more of one or more ribs engaged with one or more slots, a hex shape engaged with a complementary hex shape, a flat surface engaged with a complementary flat surface, or a barb engaged with a lip. 15. A weight for attaching to a sprinkler, the weight comprising:
a first end having a first coupling in a form of a first thread; a second end having an outer surface and an inner surface, the outer surface comprising a second coupling in a form of a second thread, the inner surface comprising a third coupling in a form of a third thread; a passageway for water to flow between the first end and the second end; and a chamber configured to confine a material that adds weight. 16. The weight of claim 15, wherein the first coupling is a ¾ inch male NPT, a diameter of the second coupling is greater than ¾ inches, and the third coupling is a ¾ inch female NPT. 17. The weight of claim 15, further comprising a fill port into the chamber, and wherein the material is shot. 18. A weight for attaching to at least a top end and a bottom end of a single sprinkler, the weight comprising:
a first end having a first coupling in a form of a first thread; a second end having an outer surface and an inner surface, the outer surface comprising a second coupling in a form of a second thread and configured to engage with the bottom end of the sprinkler, the inner surface comprising a third coupling in a form of a third thread and configured to engage with the top end of the sprinkler; and a passageway for water to flow between the first end and the second end. 19. The weight of claim 18, wherein the first end comprises an outer surface, and wherein the first coupling is disposed on the outer surface. 20. The weight of claim 18, wherein the first coupling is a ¾ inch male NPT, a diameter of the second coupling is greater than ¾ inches, and the third coupling is a ¾ inch female NPT. 21. The weight of claim 18, wherein both the first coupling and the third coupling have a first diameter, and wherein the second coupling has a second diameter greater than the first diameter. | 2,800 |
340,052 | 16,801,026 | 2,896 | The disclosure relates to a method of collecting data from a directory service used to administer a private network comprising a group of interconnected computers (PDS, PC), the directory service collecting data relating to objects in the network, the method comprising the steps of: connecting a terminal (PC) to a network server (PDS) including an instance of the directory service, configuring the instance of the directory service on the server by the terminal, so that the terminal is notified of modifications made to the directory service data, receiving by the terminal notification messages (NTF) containing modified directory service data transmitted by the server, and processing each of the received notification messages to determine the modifications made to the directory service data. | 1. A method for collecting data from a directory service used to administer a private network comprising a group of interconnected computers, the directory service collecting data relating to objects in the network, the method comprising:
connecting a terminal to a network server including an instance of the directory service, configuring the instance of the directory service on the server from the terminal, so that the terminal is notified of modifications made to the directory service data, receiving, by the terminal, notification messages containing modified directory service data, transmitted by the server, and processing each notification message received to determine the modifications undergone by the directory service data. 2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
downloading, by the terminal, the directory service data into a local copy managed by the terminal, and each time a notification message is received by the terminal, inserting in the local copy a current value of a modified data conveyed in the notification message. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the directory service data is stored in a database managed by the server, one of the notification messages containing a new value of a modified data of the directory service, the method further comprising:
comparing the new value of modified data with a previous value of the modified data stored in a local copy managed by the terminal, to identify a type of modification, and inserting the new value of the modified data in the local copy. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein directory service data is stored in files managed by the server, one of the notification messages containing a reference to a modified file and a type of modification made to the file, the method further comprising:
downloading by the terminal the modified file identified in the notification message, comparing the downloaded file with a previous version of the modified file stored in a local copy managed by the terminal, to identify the modified data in the file, and inserting the downloaded file or modified data from the file into the local copy. 5. The method according to claim 2, further comprising filtering by the terminal of the directory service data received in order to extract therefrom data relevant for detecting anomalies, wherein only the data thus extracted is stored in the local copy. 6. The method according to claim 2, further comprising converting directory service data received by the terminal into alphanumeric format or structured data before storing it in the local copy. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the network objects comprise servers, user terminals, peripheral devices, users, user groups, services. 8. A method of protecting a private network comprising a group of interconnected computers, the network being administered via a directory service collecting directory service data relating to objects in the network, the method comprising:
acquiring data from a directory service instance of a server of the network, managing the directory service, the acquiring data comprising:
connecting a terminal to the server including the instance of the directory service,
configuring the instance of the directory service on the server from the terminal, so that the terminal is notified of modifications made to the directory service data,
receiving, by the terminal, notification messages containing modified directory service data, transmitted by the server, and
processing each notification message received to determine the modifications undergone by the directory service data;
storing the acquired directory service data in a local copy managed by the terminal, each time a notification message of a modification of directory service data is received, analyzing by the terminal a modified data against the directory service data stored in the local copy to determine whether a modification applied to the directory service data generates a network security breach or reveals a network attack, and generating an alert message if a security breach or network attack is detected. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein analyzing the modified data comprises:
searching in the local copy for a previous value of the modified data, and comparing a current value of the modified data with the previous value of the modified data, wherein an alert message is generated if the comparison reveals an occurrence of a security breach or a network attack. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein analyzing the modified data comprises:
searching in the local copy for several previous values of the modified data, and comparing the current value of the modified data with the previous values of the modified data, wherein an alert message is generated if the comparison reveals the occurrence of a security breach or an attack on the network. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein analyzing the modified data comprises:
searching the local copy for a value of at least one data item correlated to the modified data, and determining whether the current value of the modified data considered in correlation with the value of the correlated data item indicates the occurrence of a security breach or network attack. 12. A terminal configured to collect data from a directory service used to administer a private network comprising a group of interconnected computers, the directory service collecting data relating to objects in the network, the terminal comprising:
a processor; and memory coupled to the processor, the memory comprising instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the terminal to:
connect to a network server including an instance of the directory service,
configure the instance of the directory service on the server, so that the terminal is notified of modifications made to the directory service data,
receive notification messages containing modified directory service data, transmitted by the server, and
process each notification message received to determine the modifications undergone by the directory service data. 13. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium configured to store instructions that, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to:
connect a terminal to a network server including an instance of a directory service, configure the instance of the directory service on the server from the terminal, so that the terminal is notified of modifications made to the directory service data, receive notification messages containing modified directory service data, transmitted by the server, and process each notification message received to determine the modifications undergone by the directory service data. | The disclosure relates to a method of collecting data from a directory service used to administer a private network comprising a group of interconnected computers (PDS, PC), the directory service collecting data relating to objects in the network, the method comprising the steps of: connecting a terminal (PC) to a network server (PDS) including an instance of the directory service, configuring the instance of the directory service on the server by the terminal, so that the terminal is notified of modifications made to the directory service data, receiving by the terminal notification messages (NTF) containing modified directory service data transmitted by the server, and processing each of the received notification messages to determine the modifications made to the directory service data.1. A method for collecting data from a directory service used to administer a private network comprising a group of interconnected computers, the directory service collecting data relating to objects in the network, the method comprising:
connecting a terminal to a network server including an instance of the directory service, configuring the instance of the directory service on the server from the terminal, so that the terminal is notified of modifications made to the directory service data, receiving, by the terminal, notification messages containing modified directory service data, transmitted by the server, and processing each notification message received to determine the modifications undergone by the directory service data. 2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
downloading, by the terminal, the directory service data into a local copy managed by the terminal, and each time a notification message is received by the terminal, inserting in the local copy a current value of a modified data conveyed in the notification message. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the directory service data is stored in a database managed by the server, one of the notification messages containing a new value of a modified data of the directory service, the method further comprising:
comparing the new value of modified data with a previous value of the modified data stored in a local copy managed by the terminal, to identify a type of modification, and inserting the new value of the modified data in the local copy. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein directory service data is stored in files managed by the server, one of the notification messages containing a reference to a modified file and a type of modification made to the file, the method further comprising:
downloading by the terminal the modified file identified in the notification message, comparing the downloaded file with a previous version of the modified file stored in a local copy managed by the terminal, to identify the modified data in the file, and inserting the downloaded file or modified data from the file into the local copy. 5. The method according to claim 2, further comprising filtering by the terminal of the directory service data received in order to extract therefrom data relevant for detecting anomalies, wherein only the data thus extracted is stored in the local copy. 6. The method according to claim 2, further comprising converting directory service data received by the terminal into alphanumeric format or structured data before storing it in the local copy. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the network objects comprise servers, user terminals, peripheral devices, users, user groups, services. 8. A method of protecting a private network comprising a group of interconnected computers, the network being administered via a directory service collecting directory service data relating to objects in the network, the method comprising:
acquiring data from a directory service instance of a server of the network, managing the directory service, the acquiring data comprising:
connecting a terminal to the server including the instance of the directory service,
configuring the instance of the directory service on the server from the terminal, so that the terminal is notified of modifications made to the directory service data,
receiving, by the terminal, notification messages containing modified directory service data, transmitted by the server, and
processing each notification message received to determine the modifications undergone by the directory service data;
storing the acquired directory service data in a local copy managed by the terminal, each time a notification message of a modification of directory service data is received, analyzing by the terminal a modified data against the directory service data stored in the local copy to determine whether a modification applied to the directory service data generates a network security breach or reveals a network attack, and generating an alert message if a security breach or network attack is detected. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein analyzing the modified data comprises:
searching in the local copy for a previous value of the modified data, and comparing a current value of the modified data with the previous value of the modified data, wherein an alert message is generated if the comparison reveals an occurrence of a security breach or a network attack. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein analyzing the modified data comprises:
searching in the local copy for several previous values of the modified data, and comparing the current value of the modified data with the previous values of the modified data, wherein an alert message is generated if the comparison reveals the occurrence of a security breach or an attack on the network. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein analyzing the modified data comprises:
searching the local copy for a value of at least one data item correlated to the modified data, and determining whether the current value of the modified data considered in correlation with the value of the correlated data item indicates the occurrence of a security breach or network attack. 12. A terminal configured to collect data from a directory service used to administer a private network comprising a group of interconnected computers, the directory service collecting data relating to objects in the network, the terminal comprising:
a processor; and memory coupled to the processor, the memory comprising instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the terminal to:
connect to a network server including an instance of the directory service,
configure the instance of the directory service on the server, so that the terminal is notified of modifications made to the directory service data,
receive notification messages containing modified directory service data, transmitted by the server, and
process each notification message received to determine the modifications undergone by the directory service data. 13. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium configured to store instructions that, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to:
connect a terminal to a network server including an instance of a directory service, configure the instance of the directory service on the server from the terminal, so that the terminal is notified of modifications made to the directory service data, receive notification messages containing modified directory service data, transmitted by the server, and process each notification message received to determine the modifications undergone by the directory service data. | 2,800 |
340,053 | 16,801,033 | 2,688 | The present disclosure discloses a call system for a patient. The call system for the patient comprises a head-mounted device, a head motion detection module, an eyelid blinking detection module, a patient display screen, and a nurse station display screen. The head motion detection module collects relative changes of a head position through an aerial attitude sensor. The eyelid blinking detection module collects a movement distance and a movement duration of an eyelid through a photoelectric motion sensor. When the movement distance of the eyelid reaches a preset distance and the movement duration of the eyelid is longer than a preset duration, a confirmation command is generated to select one of multiple call services in a scroll menu, and the one of the multiple call services selected by the patient is sent to the nurse station display screen by a wired network or a wireless network. | 1. A call system for a patient, comprising:
a head-mounted device, a call system body, a patient display screen, and a nurse station display screen, wherein:
the call system body comprises a head motion detection module, an eyelid blinking detection module, a communication module, and a power supply module,
the head motion detection module collects relative changes of a head position through an aerial attitude sensor,
first signals generated based upon the relative changes of the head position are sent to the patient display screen through a Bluetooth module of the communication module so that a cursor of the patient display screen changes synchronously,
the cursor is configured to wake up the patient display screen and to activate a scroll menu,
the eyelid blinking detection module collects a movement distance and a movement duration of an eyelid through a photoelectric motion sensor,
second signals generated based upon the movement distance and the movement duration of the eyelid are sent to the patient display screen through the Bluetooth module of the communication module,
the patient display screen is disposed on a patient bed and is above a head of the patient,
the power supply module supplies power to the head motion detection module, the eyelid blinking detection module, and the communication module,
when the movement distance of the eyelid reaches a preset distance and the movement duration of the eyelid is longer than a preset duration:
a confirmation command is generated to select one of multiple call services in the scroll menu, and
the one of the multiple call services selected by the patient is sent to the nurse station display screen by a wired network or a wireless network. 2. The call system for the patient according to claim 1, wherein:
the head-mounted device comprises glasses, a hat, an earphone, a hair clip, a hair pin, or a headband, and at least a part of the call system body is detachably disposed on the head-mounted device. 3. The call system for the patient according to claim 1, wherein:
the call system body comprises a charging port, a power switch, an eyelid blinking detection sampling port, a Bluetooth code switch, a Bluetooth code indicator, and a head movement detection sampling port, the charging port, the power switch, the Bluetooth code switch, and the Bluetooth code indicator are disposed on a side of the call system body, and the eyelid blinking detection sampling port is disposed on a second side of the call system body directly facing an eye of the patient. 4. The call system for the patient according to claim 1, wherein:
the head-mounted device comprises glasses, the glasses have a frame and temples, a lower end of the call system body comprise a connection bracket, and the connection bracket is detachably disposed on at least one of the frame or the temples. 5. The call system for the patient according to claim 1, wherein the first signals generated based upon the relative changes of the head position comprise at least one of a head up signal, a head down signal, a head left signal, a head right signal, or a head inclined signal. 6. The call system for the patient according to claim 1, wherein:
the aerial attitude sensor comprises an eighth pin, a ninth pin, a twenty-third pin, a twenty-fourth pin, a tenth pin, a thirteenth pin, an eighteenth pin, and a twentieth pin, the eighth pin is connected to the Bluetooth module for serial peripheral interface (SPI) chip selection, the ninth pin is connected to the Bluetooth module to output SPI serial data, the twenty-third pin is connected to the Bluetooth module to achieve an SPI serial clock, the twenty-fourth pin is connected to the Bluetooth module to receive SPI serial data, the tenth pin is connected to a calibration filter capacitor, the thirteenth pin is a first power supply terminal connected to the power supply module, the eighteenth pin is power grounded, and the twentieth pin is connected to a capacitor of a charge pump. 7. The call system for the patient according to claim 1, wherein:
the photoelectric motion sensor comprises a first pin, a second pin, a third pin, a fourth pin, a fifth pin, a sixth pin, a seventh pin, and an eighth pin, the first pin is connected to the Bluetooth module to output serial peripheral interface (SPI) serial data, the third pin is connected to the Bluetooth module for resetting the photoelectric motion sensor, the fourth pin is connected to the Bluetooth module for SPI chip selection, the fifth pin is connected to the Bluetooth module to achieve an SPI serial clock, the eighth pin is connected to the Bluetooth module to receive SPI serial data, the second pin is a photodiode input terminal, the sixth pin is power grounded, and the seventh pin is a second power terminal connected to the power supply module. 8. The call system for the patient according to claim 1, wherein:
the patient display screen is a liquid crystal display (LCD) screen with a touch mode and a cursor mode, the touch mode uses a window menu to display the multiple call services, and the cursor mode uses the scroll menu. 9. The call system for the patient according to claim 1, wherein:
the photoelectric motion sensor and the aerial attitude sensor communicate through a serial peripheral interface (SPI) serial port of the Bluetooth module, the Bluetooth module comprises a first pin, a tenth pin, a thirty-ninth pin, a fortieth pin, a twenty-first pin, a twenty-fourth pin, a twenty-seventh pin, a twenty-eighth pin, a twenty-ninth pin, a thirty-first pin, a fifth pin, a sixth pin, a thirty-seventh pin, a thirty-eighth pin, a twentieth pin, a twenty-second pin, a twenty-third pin, a thirty-second pin, a thirty-third pin, a twenty-fifth pin, a twenty-sixth pin, an eighteenth pin, a nineteenth pin, and a thirtieth pin, the first pin is digital grounded, the tenth pin and the thirty-ninth pin are digital power terminals, the fortieth pin is power decoupled, the twenty-first pin, the twenty-fourth pin, the twenty-seventh pin, the twenty-eighth pin, the twenty-ninth pin, and the thirty-first pin are analog power terminals, the fifth pin, the sixth pin, the thirty-seventh pin, and the thirty-eighth pin are SPI serial ports, the twentieth pin is a reset terminal, the twenty-second pin and the twenty-third pin are connected to a 32 MHz crystal oscillator, the thirty-second pin and the thirty-third pin are connected to a 32.768 KHz crystal oscillator, the twenty-fifth pin and the twenty-sixth pin are antenna terminals, the eighteenth pin is a code switch, the nineteenth pin is an indicator terminal, and the thirtieth pin is reference current terminal. 10. The call system for the patient according to claim 1,wherein:
the power supply module comprises a linear charge controller, a voltage regulator, a common cathode diode, a light emitting diode, a power switch, and a battery interface, the linear charge controller comprises a first pin, a second pin, a third pin, a fourth pin, a sixth pin, a seventh pin, and an eighth pin, the first pin of the linear charge controller and the second pin of the linear charge controller are series connected and then connected to a power supply and a first end of a first capacitor, a second end of the first capacitor is grounded so that input filtering is achieved, the third pin is series connected to a first resistor and the light emitting diode and then is series connected with the fourth pin and is power grounded, the sixth pin is series connected to the seventh pin and the eighth pin through a second capacitor so that output filtering is achieved, the common cathode diode is configured to charge and supply power at the same time, the light emitting diode is a charging indicator, the power switch is configured to switch the call system body to be opened and to be closed, the battery interface is configured to connect to a battery, the voltage regulator and peripheral circuits define a voltage regulator circuit, the voltage regulator comprises a first pin and a second pin, the first pin of the voltage regulator is connected to two third capacitors connected in parallel and a first end of a second resistor, a second end of the second resistor is connected to a fourth power supply terminal so that the output filtering is achieved, and the second pin of the voltage regulator is connected to two fourth capacitors connected in parallel so that input filtering is achieved. | The present disclosure discloses a call system for a patient. The call system for the patient comprises a head-mounted device, a head motion detection module, an eyelid blinking detection module, a patient display screen, and a nurse station display screen. The head motion detection module collects relative changes of a head position through an aerial attitude sensor. The eyelid blinking detection module collects a movement distance and a movement duration of an eyelid through a photoelectric motion sensor. When the movement distance of the eyelid reaches a preset distance and the movement duration of the eyelid is longer than a preset duration, a confirmation command is generated to select one of multiple call services in a scroll menu, and the one of the multiple call services selected by the patient is sent to the nurse station display screen by a wired network or a wireless network.1. A call system for a patient, comprising:
a head-mounted device, a call system body, a patient display screen, and a nurse station display screen, wherein:
the call system body comprises a head motion detection module, an eyelid blinking detection module, a communication module, and a power supply module,
the head motion detection module collects relative changes of a head position through an aerial attitude sensor,
first signals generated based upon the relative changes of the head position are sent to the patient display screen through a Bluetooth module of the communication module so that a cursor of the patient display screen changes synchronously,
the cursor is configured to wake up the patient display screen and to activate a scroll menu,
the eyelid blinking detection module collects a movement distance and a movement duration of an eyelid through a photoelectric motion sensor,
second signals generated based upon the movement distance and the movement duration of the eyelid are sent to the patient display screen through the Bluetooth module of the communication module,
the patient display screen is disposed on a patient bed and is above a head of the patient,
the power supply module supplies power to the head motion detection module, the eyelid blinking detection module, and the communication module,
when the movement distance of the eyelid reaches a preset distance and the movement duration of the eyelid is longer than a preset duration:
a confirmation command is generated to select one of multiple call services in the scroll menu, and
the one of the multiple call services selected by the patient is sent to the nurse station display screen by a wired network or a wireless network. 2. The call system for the patient according to claim 1, wherein:
the head-mounted device comprises glasses, a hat, an earphone, a hair clip, a hair pin, or a headband, and at least a part of the call system body is detachably disposed on the head-mounted device. 3. The call system for the patient according to claim 1, wherein:
the call system body comprises a charging port, a power switch, an eyelid blinking detection sampling port, a Bluetooth code switch, a Bluetooth code indicator, and a head movement detection sampling port, the charging port, the power switch, the Bluetooth code switch, and the Bluetooth code indicator are disposed on a side of the call system body, and the eyelid blinking detection sampling port is disposed on a second side of the call system body directly facing an eye of the patient. 4. The call system for the patient according to claim 1, wherein:
the head-mounted device comprises glasses, the glasses have a frame and temples, a lower end of the call system body comprise a connection bracket, and the connection bracket is detachably disposed on at least one of the frame or the temples. 5. The call system for the patient according to claim 1, wherein the first signals generated based upon the relative changes of the head position comprise at least one of a head up signal, a head down signal, a head left signal, a head right signal, or a head inclined signal. 6. The call system for the patient according to claim 1, wherein:
the aerial attitude sensor comprises an eighth pin, a ninth pin, a twenty-third pin, a twenty-fourth pin, a tenth pin, a thirteenth pin, an eighteenth pin, and a twentieth pin, the eighth pin is connected to the Bluetooth module for serial peripheral interface (SPI) chip selection, the ninth pin is connected to the Bluetooth module to output SPI serial data, the twenty-third pin is connected to the Bluetooth module to achieve an SPI serial clock, the twenty-fourth pin is connected to the Bluetooth module to receive SPI serial data, the tenth pin is connected to a calibration filter capacitor, the thirteenth pin is a first power supply terminal connected to the power supply module, the eighteenth pin is power grounded, and the twentieth pin is connected to a capacitor of a charge pump. 7. The call system for the patient according to claim 1, wherein:
the photoelectric motion sensor comprises a first pin, a second pin, a third pin, a fourth pin, a fifth pin, a sixth pin, a seventh pin, and an eighth pin, the first pin is connected to the Bluetooth module to output serial peripheral interface (SPI) serial data, the third pin is connected to the Bluetooth module for resetting the photoelectric motion sensor, the fourth pin is connected to the Bluetooth module for SPI chip selection, the fifth pin is connected to the Bluetooth module to achieve an SPI serial clock, the eighth pin is connected to the Bluetooth module to receive SPI serial data, the second pin is a photodiode input terminal, the sixth pin is power grounded, and the seventh pin is a second power terminal connected to the power supply module. 8. The call system for the patient according to claim 1, wherein:
the patient display screen is a liquid crystal display (LCD) screen with a touch mode and a cursor mode, the touch mode uses a window menu to display the multiple call services, and the cursor mode uses the scroll menu. 9. The call system for the patient according to claim 1, wherein:
the photoelectric motion sensor and the aerial attitude sensor communicate through a serial peripheral interface (SPI) serial port of the Bluetooth module, the Bluetooth module comprises a first pin, a tenth pin, a thirty-ninth pin, a fortieth pin, a twenty-first pin, a twenty-fourth pin, a twenty-seventh pin, a twenty-eighth pin, a twenty-ninth pin, a thirty-first pin, a fifth pin, a sixth pin, a thirty-seventh pin, a thirty-eighth pin, a twentieth pin, a twenty-second pin, a twenty-third pin, a thirty-second pin, a thirty-third pin, a twenty-fifth pin, a twenty-sixth pin, an eighteenth pin, a nineteenth pin, and a thirtieth pin, the first pin is digital grounded, the tenth pin and the thirty-ninth pin are digital power terminals, the fortieth pin is power decoupled, the twenty-first pin, the twenty-fourth pin, the twenty-seventh pin, the twenty-eighth pin, the twenty-ninth pin, and the thirty-first pin are analog power terminals, the fifth pin, the sixth pin, the thirty-seventh pin, and the thirty-eighth pin are SPI serial ports, the twentieth pin is a reset terminal, the twenty-second pin and the twenty-third pin are connected to a 32 MHz crystal oscillator, the thirty-second pin and the thirty-third pin are connected to a 32.768 KHz crystal oscillator, the twenty-fifth pin and the twenty-sixth pin are antenna terminals, the eighteenth pin is a code switch, the nineteenth pin is an indicator terminal, and the thirtieth pin is reference current terminal. 10. The call system for the patient according to claim 1,wherein:
the power supply module comprises a linear charge controller, a voltage regulator, a common cathode diode, a light emitting diode, a power switch, and a battery interface, the linear charge controller comprises a first pin, a second pin, a third pin, a fourth pin, a sixth pin, a seventh pin, and an eighth pin, the first pin of the linear charge controller and the second pin of the linear charge controller are series connected and then connected to a power supply and a first end of a first capacitor, a second end of the first capacitor is grounded so that input filtering is achieved, the third pin is series connected to a first resistor and the light emitting diode and then is series connected with the fourth pin and is power grounded, the sixth pin is series connected to the seventh pin and the eighth pin through a second capacitor so that output filtering is achieved, the common cathode diode is configured to charge and supply power at the same time, the light emitting diode is a charging indicator, the power switch is configured to switch the call system body to be opened and to be closed, the battery interface is configured to connect to a battery, the voltage regulator and peripheral circuits define a voltage regulator circuit, the voltage regulator comprises a first pin and a second pin, the first pin of the voltage regulator is connected to two third capacitors connected in parallel and a first end of a second resistor, a second end of the second resistor is connected to a fourth power supply terminal so that the output filtering is achieved, and the second pin of the voltage regulator is connected to two fourth capacitors connected in parallel so that input filtering is achieved. | 2,600 |
340,054 | 16,801,035 | 2,688 | Provided is an artificial intelligence device which identifies a plurality of objects contained in the video, acquires one or more objects, which are capable of outputting an audio, of the plurality of identified objects, displays one or more volume adjustment items for adjusting a volume of the audio output from each of the one or more acquired objects on a display, and adjusts the volume of the audio output from the corresponding object according to an operation command of each of the volume adjustment items. | 1. An artificial intelligence device comprising:
a memory configured to store an object list representing utterable objects; one or more speakers configured to output audio; a display configured to display a video; and one or more processors configured to:
acquire object identification information of each of a plurality of objects identified to be contained in the video,
acquire one or more objects capable of audio output from among the identified plurality of objects,
cause, on a display, a display of one or more volume adjustment items that correspond to adjusting an audio volume of a particular object from the acquired one or more objects capable of audio output,
adjust the audio volume of the output audio for at least one specific object from the acquired one or more objects according to an operation command of a respective volume adjustment item from among the one or more volume adjustment items corresponding to the at least one specific object, and
determine that an identified object from the identified plurality of objects is an utterable object from the video based at least in part on determining that the acquired object identification information is included in the object list through a comparison of the object list with the acquired object identification information. 2. The artificial intelligence device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of objects are detected based at least in part on using an object detection model, and the one or more processors are further configured to acquire the identification information of each of the plurality of objects by using an object identification model. 3. The artificial intelligence device of claim 2, wherein the object detection model and the object identification model are trained by deep learning algorithms,
the object detection model is configured to extract a bounding box that represents a shape of the particular object based on image data corresponding to a frame from the video, and the object identification model is configured to acquire the identification information by identifying the particular object contained in the extracted bounding box. 4. (canceled) 5. The artificial intelligence device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause, on the display, a display of one or more volume icons representing adjustment of the audio volume from the acquired one or more objects. 6. The artificial intelligence device of claim 5, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to mute the audio output from the at least one specific object according to a command selecting a corresponding volume icon from the one or more volume icons. 7. The artificial intelligence device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to control audio outputs of the one or more speakers to correspond to a position of a selected object of the acquired one or more objects according to the operation command of the respective volume adjustment item. 8. The artificial intelligence device of claim 1, wherein the one or more objects are acquired by:
acquiring a plurality of the one or more objects capable of outputting audio, clustering the acquired plurality of the one or more objects into a plurality of clusters, and controlling audio output contained in a selected cluster from the plurality of clusters. 9. A method for operating an artificial intelligence device, the method comprising:
identifying a plurality of objects contained in a video; acquiring object identification information of each of a plurality of objects identified to be contained in the video; acquiring one or more objects capable of audio output from among the identified plurality of objects; displaying one or more volume adjustment items that correspond to adjusting an audio volume of a particular object from the acquired one or more objects capable of audio output on a display; adjusting, on one or more speakers, the audio volume of the output audio for at least one specific object from the acquired one or more objects according to an operation command of a respective volume adjustment item from among the one or more volume adjustment items corresponding to the at least one specific object; and determine that an identified object from the identified plurality of objects is an utterable object from the video based at least in part on determining that the acquired object identification information is included in an object list through a comparison of the object list with the acquired object identification information. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the plurality of objects are detected based at least in part on using an object detection model; and the method further comprising
acquiring the identification information of each of the plurality of objects by using an object identification model. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the object detection model and the object identification model correspond to a model trained by deep learning algorithms,
the object detection model is configured to extract a bounding box that represents a shape of the particular object based on image data corresponding to a frame from the video, and the object identification model is configured to acquire the identification information by identifying the particular object contained in the extracted bounding box. 12. (canceled) 13. The method of claim 9, further comprising displaying one or more volume icons representing adjustment of the audio volume from the acquired one or more objects. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising muting the audio output from the at least one specific object according to a command selecting a corresponding volume icon from the one or more volume icons. 15. The method of claim 9, wherein adjusting the audio volume further comprises controlling audio outputs of the one or more speakers to correspond to a position of a selected object from the acquired one or more objects according to the operation command of the respective volume adjustment item. 16. The method of claim 9, wherein the one or more objects are acquired by:
acquiring a plurality of the one or more objects capable of outputting audio; and clustering the acquired plurality of the one or more objects into a plurality of clusters, and controlling, in one or more speakers, audio output contained in a selected cluster from the plurality of clusters. 17. A machine-readable non-transitory medium having stored thereon machine-executable instructions for:
acquiring object identification information of each of a plurality of objects identified to be contained in a video; acquiring one or more objects capable of audio output from among the identified plurality of objects; displaying one or more volume adjustment items that correspond to adjusting an audio volume of a particular object from the acquired one or more objects capable of audio output on a display; adjusting, on one or more speakers, the audio volume of the audio output for at least one specific object from the acquired one or more objects according to an operation command of a respective volume adjustment item from among the one or more volume adjustment items corresponding to the at least one specific object; and determining that an identified object from the identified plurality of objects is an utterable object from the video based at least in part on determining that the acquired object identification information is included in an object list through a comparison of the object list with the acquired object identification information. 18. The machine-readable non-transitory medium of claim 17, wherein the plurality of objects are detected based at least in part on using an object detection model; and the machine-executable instructions further comprises instructions for acquiring the identification information of each of the plurality of objects by using an object identification model. 19. The machine-readable non-transitory medium of claim 18, where the object detection model and the object identification model correspond to a model trained by deep learning algorithms,
the object detection model is configured to extract a bounding box that represents a shape of the particular object based on image data corresponding to a frame from the video, and the object identification model is configured to acquire the identification information by identifying the particular object contained in the extracted bounding box. 20. The machine-readable non-transitory medium of claim 17, wherein the one or more objects are acquired by
clustering the acquired plurality of the one or more objects into a plurality of clusters, and controlling, on the one or more speakers, an audio output contained in a selected cluster from the plurality of clusters. | Provided is an artificial intelligence device which identifies a plurality of objects contained in the video, acquires one or more objects, which are capable of outputting an audio, of the plurality of identified objects, displays one or more volume adjustment items for adjusting a volume of the audio output from each of the one or more acquired objects on a display, and adjusts the volume of the audio output from the corresponding object according to an operation command of each of the volume adjustment items.1. An artificial intelligence device comprising:
a memory configured to store an object list representing utterable objects; one or more speakers configured to output audio; a display configured to display a video; and one or more processors configured to:
acquire object identification information of each of a plurality of objects identified to be contained in the video,
acquire one or more objects capable of audio output from among the identified plurality of objects,
cause, on a display, a display of one or more volume adjustment items that correspond to adjusting an audio volume of a particular object from the acquired one or more objects capable of audio output,
adjust the audio volume of the output audio for at least one specific object from the acquired one or more objects according to an operation command of a respective volume adjustment item from among the one or more volume adjustment items corresponding to the at least one specific object, and
determine that an identified object from the identified plurality of objects is an utterable object from the video based at least in part on determining that the acquired object identification information is included in the object list through a comparison of the object list with the acquired object identification information. 2. The artificial intelligence device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of objects are detected based at least in part on using an object detection model, and the one or more processors are further configured to acquire the identification information of each of the plurality of objects by using an object identification model. 3. The artificial intelligence device of claim 2, wherein the object detection model and the object identification model are trained by deep learning algorithms,
the object detection model is configured to extract a bounding box that represents a shape of the particular object based on image data corresponding to a frame from the video, and the object identification model is configured to acquire the identification information by identifying the particular object contained in the extracted bounding box. 4. (canceled) 5. The artificial intelligence device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause, on the display, a display of one or more volume icons representing adjustment of the audio volume from the acquired one or more objects. 6. The artificial intelligence device of claim 5, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to mute the audio output from the at least one specific object according to a command selecting a corresponding volume icon from the one or more volume icons. 7. The artificial intelligence device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to control audio outputs of the one or more speakers to correspond to a position of a selected object of the acquired one or more objects according to the operation command of the respective volume adjustment item. 8. The artificial intelligence device of claim 1, wherein the one or more objects are acquired by:
acquiring a plurality of the one or more objects capable of outputting audio, clustering the acquired plurality of the one or more objects into a plurality of clusters, and controlling audio output contained in a selected cluster from the plurality of clusters. 9. A method for operating an artificial intelligence device, the method comprising:
identifying a plurality of objects contained in a video; acquiring object identification information of each of a plurality of objects identified to be contained in the video; acquiring one or more objects capable of audio output from among the identified plurality of objects; displaying one or more volume adjustment items that correspond to adjusting an audio volume of a particular object from the acquired one or more objects capable of audio output on a display; adjusting, on one or more speakers, the audio volume of the output audio for at least one specific object from the acquired one or more objects according to an operation command of a respective volume adjustment item from among the one or more volume adjustment items corresponding to the at least one specific object; and determine that an identified object from the identified plurality of objects is an utterable object from the video based at least in part on determining that the acquired object identification information is included in an object list through a comparison of the object list with the acquired object identification information. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the plurality of objects are detected based at least in part on using an object detection model; and the method further comprising
acquiring the identification information of each of the plurality of objects by using an object identification model. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the object detection model and the object identification model correspond to a model trained by deep learning algorithms,
the object detection model is configured to extract a bounding box that represents a shape of the particular object based on image data corresponding to a frame from the video, and the object identification model is configured to acquire the identification information by identifying the particular object contained in the extracted bounding box. 12. (canceled) 13. The method of claim 9, further comprising displaying one or more volume icons representing adjustment of the audio volume from the acquired one or more objects. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising muting the audio output from the at least one specific object according to a command selecting a corresponding volume icon from the one or more volume icons. 15. The method of claim 9, wherein adjusting the audio volume further comprises controlling audio outputs of the one or more speakers to correspond to a position of a selected object from the acquired one or more objects according to the operation command of the respective volume adjustment item. 16. The method of claim 9, wherein the one or more objects are acquired by:
acquiring a plurality of the one or more objects capable of outputting audio; and clustering the acquired plurality of the one or more objects into a plurality of clusters, and controlling, in one or more speakers, audio output contained in a selected cluster from the plurality of clusters. 17. A machine-readable non-transitory medium having stored thereon machine-executable instructions for:
acquiring object identification information of each of a plurality of objects identified to be contained in a video; acquiring one or more objects capable of audio output from among the identified plurality of objects; displaying one or more volume adjustment items that correspond to adjusting an audio volume of a particular object from the acquired one or more objects capable of audio output on a display; adjusting, on one or more speakers, the audio volume of the audio output for at least one specific object from the acquired one or more objects according to an operation command of a respective volume adjustment item from among the one or more volume adjustment items corresponding to the at least one specific object; and determining that an identified object from the identified plurality of objects is an utterable object from the video based at least in part on determining that the acquired object identification information is included in an object list through a comparison of the object list with the acquired object identification information. 18. The machine-readable non-transitory medium of claim 17, wherein the plurality of objects are detected based at least in part on using an object detection model; and the machine-executable instructions further comprises instructions for acquiring the identification information of each of the plurality of objects by using an object identification model. 19. The machine-readable non-transitory medium of claim 18, where the object detection model and the object identification model correspond to a model trained by deep learning algorithms,
the object detection model is configured to extract a bounding box that represents a shape of the particular object based on image data corresponding to a frame from the video, and the object identification model is configured to acquire the identification information by identifying the particular object contained in the extracted bounding box. 20. The machine-readable non-transitory medium of claim 17, wherein the one or more objects are acquired by
clustering the acquired plurality of the one or more objects into a plurality of clusters, and controlling, on the one or more speakers, an audio output contained in a selected cluster from the plurality of clusters. | 2,600 |
340,055 | 16,801,019 | 2,688 | A fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) process for cracking multiple feedstocks in a FCC apparatus comprising a first set of feed distributors having first distributor tips and a second set of feed distributors having second distributor tips is provided. A first feed is injected into the riser from first distributor tips. A second feed is injected into the riser from second distributor tips. The first distributor tips and the second distributor tips are positioned at different radii in the riser. The first feed and the second feed are cracked in the riser in the presence of an FCC catalyst to provide a cracked effluent stream. The first distributor tips and the second distributor tips are located into a region of lower catalyst density and a region of higher catalyst density respectively in the riser. | 1. A fluid catalytic cracking process for cracking multiple feedstocks in a fluid catalytic cracking apparatus comprising a riser, the riser comprising a first set of feed distributors having first distributor tips and a second set of feed distributors having second distributor tips positioned around the perimeter of the riser, the process comprising:
injecting from the first distributor tips of the first set of feed distributors, a first feed into the riser; injecting from the second distributor tips of the second set of feed distributors, a second feed into the riser, wherein the first distributor tips are positioned at a first radius in the riser and the second distributor tips are positioned at a second radius with respect to a center point of the riser; and cracking the first feed and the second feed in the riser in the presence of a fluid catalytic cracking catalyst to provide a cracked effluent stream. 2. The process of claim 1, wherein the second distributor tips are spaced apart from the first distributor tips at a vertical distance of no more than about an inner diameter of the riser. 3. The process of claim 1, wherein the first distributor tips are located into a region of lower catalyst density in the riser and the second distributor tips are located into a region of higher catalyst density in the riser. 4. The process of claim 3, wherein the region of lower catalyst density is an inner center region in the riser and the region of higher catalyst density is an outer annular region in the riser. 5. The process of claim 1, wherein the first radius is smaller than the second radius. 6. The process of claim 1, wherein the second feed is less crackable than the first feed. 7. The process of claim 1 further comprising a third set of feed distributors having third distributor tips positioned around the perimeter of the riser for injecting a third feed into the riser, wherein the third distributor tips of the third set of feed distributors for injecting the third feed into the riser are positioned at a higher elevation around the perimeter of the riser than the first distributor tips and the second distributor tips. 8. The process of claim 7, wherein the third feed is selected from one or more of light vacuum gas oil, and unconverted oil. 9. The process of claim 1 further comprising a set of center feed distributors positioned at a lower elevation than the first set of feed distributors and the second set of feed distributors, wherein one or more of heavy cycle oil, main column bottoms, and deasphalted oil is passed through the center feed distributors into the riser. 10. The process of claim 1, wherein the first feed and the second feed are selected from a group comprising heavy vacuum gas oil and heavy cycle oil, heavy vacuum gas oil and main column bottoms, heavy vacuum gas oil and deasphalted oil, naphtha and C4 olefins, C5 hydrocarbons and C4 hydrocarbons, or vacuum gas oil and hydrocarbon resid stream respectively. 11. A fluid catalytic cracking process for cracking multiple feedstocks in a fluid catalytic cracking apparatus comprising a riser, the process comprising:
injecting from first distributor tips of a first set of feed distributors positioned around a perimeter of the riser, a first feed into a region of lower catalyst density in the riser; injecting from second distributor tips of a second set of feed distributors positioned around the perimeter of the riser, a second feed into a region of higher catalyst density in the riser, wherein the second distributor tips are spaced apart from the first distributor tips at a vertical distance of no more than about an inner diameter of the riser; and cracking the first feed and the second feed in the riser in the presence of a fluid catalytic cracking catalyst to provide a cracked effluent stream. 12. The process of claim 11, wherein the region of lower catalyst density is an inner center region in the riser and the region of higher catalyst density is an outer annular region in the riser. 13. The process of claim 11, wherein the first feed and the second feed are selected from a group comprising heavy vacuum gas oil and heavy cycle oil, heavy vacuum gas oil and main column bottoms, heavy vacuum gas oil and deasphalted oil, naphtha and C4 olefins, C5 hydrocarbons and C4 hydrocarbons, or vacuum gas oil and hydrocarbon resid stream. 14. The process of claim 11, wherein the second feed is less crackable than the first feed. 15. The process of claim 11, wherein the first distributor tips are positioned at a first radius in the riser and the second distributor tips are positioned at a second radius in the riser. 16. The process of claim 15, wherein the first radius is smaller than the second radius. 17. A fluid catalytic cracking apparatus, comprising:
a riser comprising: a first set of feed distributors positioned around a perimeter of the riser, the first set of feed distributors in communication with a first feed line and having first distributor tips for injecting a first feed into the riser; a second set of feed distributors positioned around a perimeter of the riser, the second set of feed distributors in communication with a second feed line separate from the first feed line and having second distributor tips for injecting a second feed into the riser; wherein the first feed line is in downstream communication with a first feed source and the second feed line is in downstream communication with a second feed source; and a regenerator having a regenerator standpipe connected to a bottom portion of the riser. 18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the second distributor tips are spaced apart from the first distributor tips at a vertical distance of no more than about an inner diameter of the riser. 19. The apparatus of claim 17 further comprising a third set of feed distributors having third distributor tips positioned around the perimeter of the riser for injecting a third feed into the riser, wherein the third distributor tips of the third set of feed distributors for injecting the third feed into the riser are positioned at a higher elevation around the perimeter of the riser than the first distributor tips and the second distributor tips. 20. The apparatus of claim 17 further comprising a set of center feed distributors positioned at a lower elevation than the first set of feed distributors and the second set of feed distributors, wherein one or more of heavy cycle oil, main column bottoms, and deasphalted oil is passed through the center feed distributors into the riser. | A fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) process for cracking multiple feedstocks in a FCC apparatus comprising a first set of feed distributors having first distributor tips and a second set of feed distributors having second distributor tips is provided. A first feed is injected into the riser from first distributor tips. A second feed is injected into the riser from second distributor tips. The first distributor tips and the second distributor tips are positioned at different radii in the riser. The first feed and the second feed are cracked in the riser in the presence of an FCC catalyst to provide a cracked effluent stream. The first distributor tips and the second distributor tips are located into a region of lower catalyst density and a region of higher catalyst density respectively in the riser.1. A fluid catalytic cracking process for cracking multiple feedstocks in a fluid catalytic cracking apparatus comprising a riser, the riser comprising a first set of feed distributors having first distributor tips and a second set of feed distributors having second distributor tips positioned around the perimeter of the riser, the process comprising:
injecting from the first distributor tips of the first set of feed distributors, a first feed into the riser; injecting from the second distributor tips of the second set of feed distributors, a second feed into the riser, wherein the first distributor tips are positioned at a first radius in the riser and the second distributor tips are positioned at a second radius with respect to a center point of the riser; and cracking the first feed and the second feed in the riser in the presence of a fluid catalytic cracking catalyst to provide a cracked effluent stream. 2. The process of claim 1, wherein the second distributor tips are spaced apart from the first distributor tips at a vertical distance of no more than about an inner diameter of the riser. 3. The process of claim 1, wherein the first distributor tips are located into a region of lower catalyst density in the riser and the second distributor tips are located into a region of higher catalyst density in the riser. 4. The process of claim 3, wherein the region of lower catalyst density is an inner center region in the riser and the region of higher catalyst density is an outer annular region in the riser. 5. The process of claim 1, wherein the first radius is smaller than the second radius. 6. The process of claim 1, wherein the second feed is less crackable than the first feed. 7. The process of claim 1 further comprising a third set of feed distributors having third distributor tips positioned around the perimeter of the riser for injecting a third feed into the riser, wherein the third distributor tips of the third set of feed distributors for injecting the third feed into the riser are positioned at a higher elevation around the perimeter of the riser than the first distributor tips and the second distributor tips. 8. The process of claim 7, wherein the third feed is selected from one or more of light vacuum gas oil, and unconverted oil. 9. The process of claim 1 further comprising a set of center feed distributors positioned at a lower elevation than the first set of feed distributors and the second set of feed distributors, wherein one or more of heavy cycle oil, main column bottoms, and deasphalted oil is passed through the center feed distributors into the riser. 10. The process of claim 1, wherein the first feed and the second feed are selected from a group comprising heavy vacuum gas oil and heavy cycle oil, heavy vacuum gas oil and main column bottoms, heavy vacuum gas oil and deasphalted oil, naphtha and C4 olefins, C5 hydrocarbons and C4 hydrocarbons, or vacuum gas oil and hydrocarbon resid stream respectively. 11. A fluid catalytic cracking process for cracking multiple feedstocks in a fluid catalytic cracking apparatus comprising a riser, the process comprising:
injecting from first distributor tips of a first set of feed distributors positioned around a perimeter of the riser, a first feed into a region of lower catalyst density in the riser; injecting from second distributor tips of a second set of feed distributors positioned around the perimeter of the riser, a second feed into a region of higher catalyst density in the riser, wherein the second distributor tips are spaced apart from the first distributor tips at a vertical distance of no more than about an inner diameter of the riser; and cracking the first feed and the second feed in the riser in the presence of a fluid catalytic cracking catalyst to provide a cracked effluent stream. 12. The process of claim 11, wherein the region of lower catalyst density is an inner center region in the riser and the region of higher catalyst density is an outer annular region in the riser. 13. The process of claim 11, wherein the first feed and the second feed are selected from a group comprising heavy vacuum gas oil and heavy cycle oil, heavy vacuum gas oil and main column bottoms, heavy vacuum gas oil and deasphalted oil, naphtha and C4 olefins, C5 hydrocarbons and C4 hydrocarbons, or vacuum gas oil and hydrocarbon resid stream. 14. The process of claim 11, wherein the second feed is less crackable than the first feed. 15. The process of claim 11, wherein the first distributor tips are positioned at a first radius in the riser and the second distributor tips are positioned at a second radius in the riser. 16. The process of claim 15, wherein the first radius is smaller than the second radius. 17. A fluid catalytic cracking apparatus, comprising:
a riser comprising: a first set of feed distributors positioned around a perimeter of the riser, the first set of feed distributors in communication with a first feed line and having first distributor tips for injecting a first feed into the riser; a second set of feed distributors positioned around a perimeter of the riser, the second set of feed distributors in communication with a second feed line separate from the first feed line and having second distributor tips for injecting a second feed into the riser; wherein the first feed line is in downstream communication with a first feed source and the second feed line is in downstream communication with a second feed source; and a regenerator having a regenerator standpipe connected to a bottom portion of the riser. 18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the second distributor tips are spaced apart from the first distributor tips at a vertical distance of no more than about an inner diameter of the riser. 19. The apparatus of claim 17 further comprising a third set of feed distributors having third distributor tips positioned around the perimeter of the riser for injecting a third feed into the riser, wherein the third distributor tips of the third set of feed distributors for injecting the third feed into the riser are positioned at a higher elevation around the perimeter of the riser than the first distributor tips and the second distributor tips. 20. The apparatus of claim 17 further comprising a set of center feed distributors positioned at a lower elevation than the first set of feed distributors and the second set of feed distributors, wherein one or more of heavy cycle oil, main column bottoms, and deasphalted oil is passed through the center feed distributors into the riser. | 2,600 |
340,056 | 16,801,036 | 3,631 | The disclosure includes a device made of a lightweight plastic that will hook around the neck like a hanger, releasing with very little force to prevent injury. The device hangs down the front of the body to form a loop for stability. Down the center will be a retractable feeding tube holder arm that can adjust 180 degrees up and down and left to right, and lock-in any position in-between on a universal joint. The arm also will have a quick release to avoid injury. The arm will have an alternating clip to attach to variable size tubes as needed. This will allow for everyday support and hands free interaction with the tube. A pair of support arms terminate in a support pad each and attach to the universal joint. A method of supporting a gastric tube on a patient via the device is also disclosed. | 1. A tube stabilizing device worn by a patient, comprising:
a) a break-away neck clip; b) a retractable feeding tube holder; c) a pair of support arms terminating in a support pad each; and d) a universal joint connecting the break-away clip with the pair of support arms and configured to swivel the retractable feeding tube up and down and side to side 180 degrees. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the retractable feeding tube holder is retractable concentrically. 3. The device of claim 1, wherein the break-away neck clip comprises a material with a shape memory for a girth of the patient's neck. 4. The device of claim 1, wherein the pair of support arms comprise semi-rigid flex tubing. 5. The device of claim 1, wherein the support pads lay flat against the body. 6. The device of claim 1, wherein the interchangeable feeding tube holder is an interchangeable clip of various sizes to hold various feeding tube sizes. 7. The device of claim 1, wherein the universal joint is a half disc and the break-away neck clip, the pair of support arms and the retractable feeding holder attach radially thereto. 8. The device of claim 1, wherein the retractable feeding tube holder swivels up and down 180 degrees via a centric pivot in the universal joint. 9. The device of claim 1, wherein the universal joint is a half disc and swivels left to right 180 degrees via pivoting between the break-away neck clip and the pair of support arms. 10. The device of claim 1, wherein the universal joint is ratcheted into incremental radial movements. 11. A method for stabilizing a tube worn by a patient, the method comprising:
a) providing a break-away neck clip; b) retracting a feeding tube holder; c) terminating a pair of support arms in a support pad each; and d) connecting the break-away clip with the pair of support arms to a universal joint configured to swivel the retractable feeding tube up and down and side to side 180 degrees. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising concentrically retracting the retractable feeding tube holder. 13. The method of claim 11, further comprising forming the break-away neck clip from a material with a shape memory for a girth of the patient's neck. 14. The method of claim 11, further comprising forming the pair of support arms with a semi-rigid flex tubing. 15. The method of claim 11, further comprising laying the support pads flat against the body. 16. The method of claim 11, further comprising interchanging the feeding tube holder with a clip of a variable size to hold various feeding tube sizes. 17. The method of claim 11, further comprising radially attaching the break-away neck clip, the pair of support arms and the retractable feeding holder to the universal joint in a half disk configuration. 18. The method of claim 11, further comprising swiveling the retractable feeding tube holder up and down 180 degrees via a centric pivot in the universal joint. 19. The device of claim 11, further comprising swiveling the universal joint in a half disc configuration left to right 180 degrees via pivoting between the break-away neck clip and the pair of support arms. 20. The method of claim 1, further comprising ratcheting the universal joint via incremental radial movements. | The disclosure includes a device made of a lightweight plastic that will hook around the neck like a hanger, releasing with very little force to prevent injury. The device hangs down the front of the body to form a loop for stability. Down the center will be a retractable feeding tube holder arm that can adjust 180 degrees up and down and left to right, and lock-in any position in-between on a universal joint. The arm also will have a quick release to avoid injury. The arm will have an alternating clip to attach to variable size tubes as needed. This will allow for everyday support and hands free interaction with the tube. A pair of support arms terminate in a support pad each and attach to the universal joint. A method of supporting a gastric tube on a patient via the device is also disclosed.1. A tube stabilizing device worn by a patient, comprising:
a) a break-away neck clip; b) a retractable feeding tube holder; c) a pair of support arms terminating in a support pad each; and d) a universal joint connecting the break-away clip with the pair of support arms and configured to swivel the retractable feeding tube up and down and side to side 180 degrees. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the retractable feeding tube holder is retractable concentrically. 3. The device of claim 1, wherein the break-away neck clip comprises a material with a shape memory for a girth of the patient's neck. 4. The device of claim 1, wherein the pair of support arms comprise semi-rigid flex tubing. 5. The device of claim 1, wherein the support pads lay flat against the body. 6. The device of claim 1, wherein the interchangeable feeding tube holder is an interchangeable clip of various sizes to hold various feeding tube sizes. 7. The device of claim 1, wherein the universal joint is a half disc and the break-away neck clip, the pair of support arms and the retractable feeding holder attach radially thereto. 8. The device of claim 1, wherein the retractable feeding tube holder swivels up and down 180 degrees via a centric pivot in the universal joint. 9. The device of claim 1, wherein the universal joint is a half disc and swivels left to right 180 degrees via pivoting between the break-away neck clip and the pair of support arms. 10. The device of claim 1, wherein the universal joint is ratcheted into incremental radial movements. 11. A method for stabilizing a tube worn by a patient, the method comprising:
a) providing a break-away neck clip; b) retracting a feeding tube holder; c) terminating a pair of support arms in a support pad each; and d) connecting the break-away clip with the pair of support arms to a universal joint configured to swivel the retractable feeding tube up and down and side to side 180 degrees. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising concentrically retracting the retractable feeding tube holder. 13. The method of claim 11, further comprising forming the break-away neck clip from a material with a shape memory for a girth of the patient's neck. 14. The method of claim 11, further comprising forming the pair of support arms with a semi-rigid flex tubing. 15. The method of claim 11, further comprising laying the support pads flat against the body. 16. The method of claim 11, further comprising interchanging the feeding tube holder with a clip of a variable size to hold various feeding tube sizes. 17. The method of claim 11, further comprising radially attaching the break-away neck clip, the pair of support arms and the retractable feeding holder to the universal joint in a half disk configuration. 18. The method of claim 11, further comprising swiveling the retractable feeding tube holder up and down 180 degrees via a centric pivot in the universal joint. 19. The device of claim 11, further comprising swiveling the universal joint in a half disc configuration left to right 180 degrees via pivoting between the break-away neck clip and the pair of support arms. 20. The method of claim 1, further comprising ratcheting the universal joint via incremental radial movements. | 3,600 |
340,057 | 16,801,005 | 3,631 | Devices, systems and methods of controlling movement of a host mechanical system using inertial forces imparted by an augmentable or morphable appendage. Such appendages are attached to the host mechanical system such that augmentation or morphing of the appendage to move a mass of the appendage from an extended to a retracted configuration imparts inertial forces to the supporting structure. Augmentation/morphing is controlled and coordinated such that imparted inertial forces facilitate a desired movement of the mechanical system. The imparted forces can include translation forces and/or rotational forces along one or more axes. The augmentation or morphing of the appendage can be performed concurrently with separately controlled coordinated movement of the appendage to facilitate a desired movement of the mechanical system. Such appendages can include, but are not limited to, telescoping and/or folding designs. | 1. A morphable inertial appendage system attachable to a host, the system comprising:
a morphable appendage supported at a proximal end and extending to a distal end, wherein the appendage is morphable between an extended configuration and a retracted configuration; and an actuator system operably coupled to the appendage and configured to control movement of the appendage along one or more degrees of freedom. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the morphable appendage comprises a distal mass that is disposed at or near the distal end and being of sufficient mass to impart a desired inertial force on the host upon movement of the appendage. 3. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
a morphing actuator system that effects morphing of the appendage between the extended and retracted configurations. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the morphing actuator system comprises one or more of: an electric motor, electric servo, fuel engine, a piston, a pulley, or any combination thereof. 5. The system of claim 3, wherein the morphing actuator system is disposed on the morphable appendage. 6. The system of claim 3, wherein the morphing actuator system is disposed on the host to which the morphable appendage system is attached. 7. The system of claim 3, wherein the morphing actuator system comprises a telescoping mechanism. 8. (canceled) 9. The system of claim 3, wherein the morphing actuator system comprises a multi-bar linkage folding mechanism. 10. The system of claim 3, wherein the morphing actuator system comprises a scissor-type expandable rig. 11. The system of claim 3, wherein the morphing actuator system comprises a chain matching mechanism that advanced to chains that when matched extend a plurality of telescoping sections. 12. The system of claim 3, wherein the morphing actuator system comprises a cable-driven mechanism having a motor-driven cable attached to one or both ends of the appendage. 13. The system of claim 3, further comprising:
a control unit operably coupled to each of the morphing actuator system and the actuator system controlling movement of the appendage, wherein the control unit is configured to coordinate movement of the appendage and morphing movement of the appendage so as to impart a desired inertial force on a host to which the morphable appendage system is attached. 14. A robotic locomotion system having a morphable inertial appendage system as in claim 4 attached thereto, the locomotion system comprising:
a control unit operably coupled to each of the morphing actuator system and the actuator system controlling movement of the appendage, wherein the control unit is configured to coordinate movement of the appendage and morphing movement of the appendage so as to impart a desired inertial force on the locomotion system,
wherein the locomotion system is configured such that the inertial forces imparted by the morphable inertial appendage system during operation of the locomotion system provide increased attitude and/or translation maneuver capabilities as compared to operation of the locomotion system without the imparted inertial forces. 15. The robotic locomotion system of claim 14, wherein the locomotion system is configured with direct torque control independently from control of the appendage. 16. The robotic locomotion system of claim 14, wherein the locomotion system is configured such that torque commands are responded to on a host level without consideration of movement of the inertial appendage. 17. The robotic locomotion system 14, wherein the morphable appendage system is configured to morph the appendage between the extended and retracted position within 0.5 seconds or less. 18. The robotic locomotion system 17, wherein the morphable appendage system is configured to morph the appendage between the extended and retracted position within one hundred milliseconds or less. 19. The robotic locomotion system of claim 14 wherein the robotic locomotion system is supporting by a springy leg having a plurality of support arms, each support arm coupled between an upper deck attached to the host and a lower deck attached to a foot. 20. The robotic locomotion system of claim 19, wherein each support arm comprises a plurality of rotatable joints that rotate along the same direction such that a center of mass lies along a center axis of the support leg. 21. A method of controlling and/or stabilizing movement of a host mechanical system having a morphable inertial appendage attached thereto, the method comprising:
actuating morphing movement of a morphable appendage between an extended configuration and retracted configuration, wherein the morphable appendage extends distally from the host to a distal portion that carries a distal mass; actuating movement of the morphable appendage along one or more degrees of freedom; and coordinating the morphing movement and/or the movement of the appendage along the one or more degrees of freedom to impart one or more desired inertial forces to the host, thereby facilitating a desired movement and/or stabilizing movement of the host. 22.-34. (canceled) | Devices, systems and methods of controlling movement of a host mechanical system using inertial forces imparted by an augmentable or morphable appendage. Such appendages are attached to the host mechanical system such that augmentation or morphing of the appendage to move a mass of the appendage from an extended to a retracted configuration imparts inertial forces to the supporting structure. Augmentation/morphing is controlled and coordinated such that imparted inertial forces facilitate a desired movement of the mechanical system. The imparted forces can include translation forces and/or rotational forces along one or more axes. The augmentation or morphing of the appendage can be performed concurrently with separately controlled coordinated movement of the appendage to facilitate a desired movement of the mechanical system. Such appendages can include, but are not limited to, telescoping and/or folding designs.1. A morphable inertial appendage system attachable to a host, the system comprising:
a morphable appendage supported at a proximal end and extending to a distal end, wherein the appendage is morphable between an extended configuration and a retracted configuration; and an actuator system operably coupled to the appendage and configured to control movement of the appendage along one or more degrees of freedom. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the morphable appendage comprises a distal mass that is disposed at or near the distal end and being of sufficient mass to impart a desired inertial force on the host upon movement of the appendage. 3. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
a morphing actuator system that effects morphing of the appendage between the extended and retracted configurations. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the morphing actuator system comprises one or more of: an electric motor, electric servo, fuel engine, a piston, a pulley, or any combination thereof. 5. The system of claim 3, wherein the morphing actuator system is disposed on the morphable appendage. 6. The system of claim 3, wherein the morphing actuator system is disposed on the host to which the morphable appendage system is attached. 7. The system of claim 3, wherein the morphing actuator system comprises a telescoping mechanism. 8. (canceled) 9. The system of claim 3, wherein the morphing actuator system comprises a multi-bar linkage folding mechanism. 10. The system of claim 3, wherein the morphing actuator system comprises a scissor-type expandable rig. 11. The system of claim 3, wherein the morphing actuator system comprises a chain matching mechanism that advanced to chains that when matched extend a plurality of telescoping sections. 12. The system of claim 3, wherein the morphing actuator system comprises a cable-driven mechanism having a motor-driven cable attached to one or both ends of the appendage. 13. The system of claim 3, further comprising:
a control unit operably coupled to each of the morphing actuator system and the actuator system controlling movement of the appendage, wherein the control unit is configured to coordinate movement of the appendage and morphing movement of the appendage so as to impart a desired inertial force on a host to which the morphable appendage system is attached. 14. A robotic locomotion system having a morphable inertial appendage system as in claim 4 attached thereto, the locomotion system comprising:
a control unit operably coupled to each of the morphing actuator system and the actuator system controlling movement of the appendage, wherein the control unit is configured to coordinate movement of the appendage and morphing movement of the appendage so as to impart a desired inertial force on the locomotion system,
wherein the locomotion system is configured such that the inertial forces imparted by the morphable inertial appendage system during operation of the locomotion system provide increased attitude and/or translation maneuver capabilities as compared to operation of the locomotion system without the imparted inertial forces. 15. The robotic locomotion system of claim 14, wherein the locomotion system is configured with direct torque control independently from control of the appendage. 16. The robotic locomotion system of claim 14, wherein the locomotion system is configured such that torque commands are responded to on a host level without consideration of movement of the inertial appendage. 17. The robotic locomotion system 14, wherein the morphable appendage system is configured to morph the appendage between the extended and retracted position within 0.5 seconds or less. 18. The robotic locomotion system 17, wherein the morphable appendage system is configured to morph the appendage between the extended and retracted position within one hundred milliseconds or less. 19. The robotic locomotion system of claim 14 wherein the robotic locomotion system is supporting by a springy leg having a plurality of support arms, each support arm coupled between an upper deck attached to the host and a lower deck attached to a foot. 20. The robotic locomotion system of claim 19, wherein each support arm comprises a plurality of rotatable joints that rotate along the same direction such that a center of mass lies along a center axis of the support leg. 21. A method of controlling and/or stabilizing movement of a host mechanical system having a morphable inertial appendage attached thereto, the method comprising:
actuating morphing movement of a morphable appendage between an extended configuration and retracted configuration, wherein the morphable appendage extends distally from the host to a distal portion that carries a distal mass; actuating movement of the morphable appendage along one or more degrees of freedom; and coordinating the morphing movement and/or the movement of the appendage along the one or more degrees of freedom to impart one or more desired inertial forces to the host, thereby facilitating a desired movement and/or stabilizing movement of the host. 22.-34. (canceled) | 3,600 |
340,058 | 16,801,040 | 3,631 | A method for packaging solar mounting attachments by forming a package box having a first end and a second end, sealing the first end of the package box, placing attachment brackets into compartments defined by dividers in the package box, placing a container of fasteners onto at least one of the attachment brackets, and placing flashings onto at least one other attachment bracket. The flashings, the container of fasteners, and attachment brackets may be removed from the package box from the second end in the order of flashings, the container of fasteners, and attachment brackets. | 1. A method for packaging solar mounting attachments comprising:
forming a package box having a first end and a second end; sealing the first end of the package box; placing attachment brackets into compartments defined by dividers in the package box; placing a container of fasteners onto at least one of the attachment brackets; and placing flashings onto at least one other attachment bracket, wherein the flashings, the container of fasteners, and attachment brackets may be removed from the package box from the second end in an order of flashings, the container of fasteners, and attachment brackets. 2. The method for packaging solar mounting attachments in claim 1, wherein the flashings, the container of fasteners, and attachment brackets may also be removed from the package box from the second end in a second order of the container of fasteners, flashings, and attachment brackets. 3. The method for packaging solar mounting attachments in claim 1, wherein the container of fasteners and the flashings may also be removed simultaneously. 4. The method for packaging solar mounting attachments in claim 1, wherein the flashings, the container of fasteners, and attachment brackets are then installed in the order of the flashings, the container of fasteners, and attachment brackets. 5. A method for packaging solar mounting attachments comprising:
forming a package box having a first end and a second end; sealing the first end of the package box; placing flashings into the package box adjacent to the first end; placing a container of fasteners adjacent to the flashings and the first end; and placing attachment brackets into compartments defined by dividers, the attachment brackets and compartments adjacent to the flashings and the container of fasteners, wherein the flashings, the container of fasteners, and attachment brackets may be removed from the package box from the first end in an order of flashings, the container of fasteners, and attachment brackets. 6. The method for packaging solar mounting attachments in claim 5, wherein the flashings, the container of fasteners, and attachment brackets may also be removed from the package box from the second end in a second order of the container of fasteners, flashings, and attachment brackets. 7. The method for packaging solar mounting attachments in claim 5, wherein the container of fasteners and the flashings may also be removed simultaneously. 8. The method for packaging solar mounting attachments in claim 5, wherein the flashings, the container of fasteners, and attachment brackets are then installed in the order of the flashings, the container of fasteners, and attachment brackets. 9. A package box comprising:
a first end and a second end; attachment brackets placed adjacent to the first end; a container of fasteners adjacent to and on top of at least one of the attachment brackets; and flashings adjacent to the container of fasteners and on top of at least one other of the attachment brackets, wherein the flashings, the container of fasteners, and attachment brackets may be removed from the package box from the second end in an order of flashings, the container of fasteners, and attachment brackets. 10. The package box of claim 9, further comprising:
dividers disposed in the package box and adjacent to the first end, the dividers defining compartments in the package box, wherein the attachment brackets are placed in the compartments defined by the dividers, the container of fasteners are adjacent to and on top of at least one of the dividers, the flashings are adjacent to and on top of at least one other of the dividers. 11. The package box of claim 9, wherein the flashings, the container of fasteners, and attachment brackets may also be removed from the package box from the second end in the order of the container of fasteners, flashings, and attachment brackets. 12. The package box of claim 9, wherein the container of fasteners and the flashings may also be removed simultaneously. 13. A method for removing solar mounting attachments from a package box, comprising:
opening a first end of the package box having the first end and a second end; removing flashings from the first end of the package box; removing a container of fasteners previously adjacent to the flashings from the first end; and removing attachment brackets from compartments defined by dividers, the attachment brackets and compartments previously adjacent to the flashings and the container of fasteners, wherein the flashings, the container of fasteners, and attachment brackets are then used for installation in an order of at least one of the flashings, at least one of the fasteners in the container of fasteners, and at least one of the attachment brackets. 14. A method for installing solar mounting attachments, comprising:
opening a first end of the package box having the first end and a second end; removing attachment brackets from compartments defined by dividers, the attachment brackets and compartments previously adjacent to the flashings and the container of fasteners; removing flashings adjacent to the container of fasteners from the first end of the package box; and removing a container of fasteners disposed on the second end from the first end, wherein the flashings, the container of fasteners, and attachment brackets are then used for installation in the order of at least one of the flashings, at least one of the fasteners in the container of fasteners, and at least one of the attachment brackets. | A method for packaging solar mounting attachments by forming a package box having a first end and a second end, sealing the first end of the package box, placing attachment brackets into compartments defined by dividers in the package box, placing a container of fasteners onto at least one of the attachment brackets, and placing flashings onto at least one other attachment bracket. The flashings, the container of fasteners, and attachment brackets may be removed from the package box from the second end in the order of flashings, the container of fasteners, and attachment brackets.1. A method for packaging solar mounting attachments comprising:
forming a package box having a first end and a second end; sealing the first end of the package box; placing attachment brackets into compartments defined by dividers in the package box; placing a container of fasteners onto at least one of the attachment brackets; and placing flashings onto at least one other attachment bracket, wherein the flashings, the container of fasteners, and attachment brackets may be removed from the package box from the second end in an order of flashings, the container of fasteners, and attachment brackets. 2. The method for packaging solar mounting attachments in claim 1, wherein the flashings, the container of fasteners, and attachment brackets may also be removed from the package box from the second end in a second order of the container of fasteners, flashings, and attachment brackets. 3. The method for packaging solar mounting attachments in claim 1, wherein the container of fasteners and the flashings may also be removed simultaneously. 4. The method for packaging solar mounting attachments in claim 1, wherein the flashings, the container of fasteners, and attachment brackets are then installed in the order of the flashings, the container of fasteners, and attachment brackets. 5. A method for packaging solar mounting attachments comprising:
forming a package box having a first end and a second end; sealing the first end of the package box; placing flashings into the package box adjacent to the first end; placing a container of fasteners adjacent to the flashings and the first end; and placing attachment brackets into compartments defined by dividers, the attachment brackets and compartments adjacent to the flashings and the container of fasteners, wherein the flashings, the container of fasteners, and attachment brackets may be removed from the package box from the first end in an order of flashings, the container of fasteners, and attachment brackets. 6. The method for packaging solar mounting attachments in claim 5, wherein the flashings, the container of fasteners, and attachment brackets may also be removed from the package box from the second end in a second order of the container of fasteners, flashings, and attachment brackets. 7. The method for packaging solar mounting attachments in claim 5, wherein the container of fasteners and the flashings may also be removed simultaneously. 8. The method for packaging solar mounting attachments in claim 5, wherein the flashings, the container of fasteners, and attachment brackets are then installed in the order of the flashings, the container of fasteners, and attachment brackets. 9. A package box comprising:
a first end and a second end; attachment brackets placed adjacent to the first end; a container of fasteners adjacent to and on top of at least one of the attachment brackets; and flashings adjacent to the container of fasteners and on top of at least one other of the attachment brackets, wherein the flashings, the container of fasteners, and attachment brackets may be removed from the package box from the second end in an order of flashings, the container of fasteners, and attachment brackets. 10. The package box of claim 9, further comprising:
dividers disposed in the package box and adjacent to the first end, the dividers defining compartments in the package box, wherein the attachment brackets are placed in the compartments defined by the dividers, the container of fasteners are adjacent to and on top of at least one of the dividers, the flashings are adjacent to and on top of at least one other of the dividers. 11. The package box of claim 9, wherein the flashings, the container of fasteners, and attachment brackets may also be removed from the package box from the second end in the order of the container of fasteners, flashings, and attachment brackets. 12. The package box of claim 9, wherein the container of fasteners and the flashings may also be removed simultaneously. 13. A method for removing solar mounting attachments from a package box, comprising:
opening a first end of the package box having the first end and a second end; removing flashings from the first end of the package box; removing a container of fasteners previously adjacent to the flashings from the first end; and removing attachment brackets from compartments defined by dividers, the attachment brackets and compartments previously adjacent to the flashings and the container of fasteners, wherein the flashings, the container of fasteners, and attachment brackets are then used for installation in an order of at least one of the flashings, at least one of the fasteners in the container of fasteners, and at least one of the attachment brackets. 14. A method for installing solar mounting attachments, comprising:
opening a first end of the package box having the first end and a second end; removing attachment brackets from compartments defined by dividers, the attachment brackets and compartments previously adjacent to the flashings and the container of fasteners; removing flashings adjacent to the container of fasteners from the first end of the package box; and removing a container of fasteners disposed on the second end from the first end, wherein the flashings, the container of fasteners, and attachment brackets are then used for installation in the order of at least one of the flashings, at least one of the fasteners in the container of fasteners, and at least one of the attachment brackets. | 3,600 |
340,059 | 16,800,933 | 3,631 | A method for packaging solar mounting attachments by forming a package box having a first end and a second end, sealing the first end of the package box, placing attachment brackets into compartments defined by dividers in the package box, placing a container of fasteners onto at least one of the attachment brackets, and placing flashings onto at least one other attachment bracket. The flashings, the container of fasteners, and attachment brackets may be removed from the package box from the second end in the order of flashings, the container of fasteners, and attachment brackets. | 1. A method for packaging solar mounting attachments comprising:
forming a package box having a first end and a second end; sealing the first end of the package box; placing attachment brackets into compartments defined by dividers in the package box; placing a container of fasteners onto at least one of the attachment brackets; and placing flashings onto at least one other attachment bracket, wherein the flashings, the container of fasteners, and attachment brackets may be removed from the package box from the second end in an order of flashings, the container of fasteners, and attachment brackets. 2. The method for packaging solar mounting attachments in claim 1, wherein the flashings, the container of fasteners, and attachment brackets may also be removed from the package box from the second end in a second order of the container of fasteners, flashings, and attachment brackets. 3. The method for packaging solar mounting attachments in claim 1, wherein the container of fasteners and the flashings may also be removed simultaneously. 4. The method for packaging solar mounting attachments in claim 1, wherein the flashings, the container of fasteners, and attachment brackets are then installed in the order of the flashings, the container of fasteners, and attachment brackets. 5. A method for packaging solar mounting attachments comprising:
forming a package box having a first end and a second end; sealing the first end of the package box; placing flashings into the package box adjacent to the first end; placing a container of fasteners adjacent to the flashings and the first end; and placing attachment brackets into compartments defined by dividers, the attachment brackets and compartments adjacent to the flashings and the container of fasteners, wherein the flashings, the container of fasteners, and attachment brackets may be removed from the package box from the first end in an order of flashings, the container of fasteners, and attachment brackets. 6. The method for packaging solar mounting attachments in claim 5, wherein the flashings, the container of fasteners, and attachment brackets may also be removed from the package box from the second end in a second order of the container of fasteners, flashings, and attachment brackets. 7. The method for packaging solar mounting attachments in claim 5, wherein the container of fasteners and the flashings may also be removed simultaneously. 8. The method for packaging solar mounting attachments in claim 5, wherein the flashings, the container of fasteners, and attachment brackets are then installed in the order of the flashings, the container of fasteners, and attachment brackets. 9. A package box comprising:
a first end and a second end; attachment brackets placed adjacent to the first end; a container of fasteners adjacent to and on top of at least one of the attachment brackets; and flashings adjacent to the container of fasteners and on top of at least one other of the attachment brackets, wherein the flashings, the container of fasteners, and attachment brackets may be removed from the package box from the second end in an order of flashings, the container of fasteners, and attachment brackets. 10. The package box of claim 9, further comprising:
dividers disposed in the package box and adjacent to the first end, the dividers defining compartments in the package box, wherein the attachment brackets are placed in the compartments defined by the dividers, the container of fasteners are adjacent to and on top of at least one of the dividers, the flashings are adjacent to and on top of at least one other of the dividers. 11. The package box of claim 9, wherein the flashings, the container of fasteners, and attachment brackets may also be removed from the package box from the second end in the order of the container of fasteners, flashings, and attachment brackets. 12. The package box of claim 9, wherein the container of fasteners and the flashings may also be removed simultaneously. 13. A method for removing solar mounting attachments from a package box, comprising:
opening a first end of the package box having the first end and a second end; removing flashings from the first end of the package box; removing a container of fasteners previously adjacent to the flashings from the first end; and removing attachment brackets from compartments defined by dividers, the attachment brackets and compartments previously adjacent to the flashings and the container of fasteners, wherein the flashings, the container of fasteners, and attachment brackets are then used for installation in an order of at least one of the flashings, at least one of the fasteners in the container of fasteners, and at least one of the attachment brackets. 14. A method for installing solar mounting attachments, comprising:
opening a first end of the package box having the first end and a second end; removing attachment brackets from compartments defined by dividers, the attachment brackets and compartments previously adjacent to the flashings and the container of fasteners; removing flashings adjacent to the container of fasteners from the first end of the package box; and removing a container of fasteners disposed on the second end from the first end, wherein the flashings, the container of fasteners, and attachment brackets are then used for installation in the order of at least one of the flashings, at least one of the fasteners in the container of fasteners, and at least one of the attachment brackets. | A method for packaging solar mounting attachments by forming a package box having a first end and a second end, sealing the first end of the package box, placing attachment brackets into compartments defined by dividers in the package box, placing a container of fasteners onto at least one of the attachment brackets, and placing flashings onto at least one other attachment bracket. The flashings, the container of fasteners, and attachment brackets may be removed from the package box from the second end in the order of flashings, the container of fasteners, and attachment brackets.1. A method for packaging solar mounting attachments comprising:
forming a package box having a first end and a second end; sealing the first end of the package box; placing attachment brackets into compartments defined by dividers in the package box; placing a container of fasteners onto at least one of the attachment brackets; and placing flashings onto at least one other attachment bracket, wherein the flashings, the container of fasteners, and attachment brackets may be removed from the package box from the second end in an order of flashings, the container of fasteners, and attachment brackets. 2. The method for packaging solar mounting attachments in claim 1, wherein the flashings, the container of fasteners, and attachment brackets may also be removed from the package box from the second end in a second order of the container of fasteners, flashings, and attachment brackets. 3. The method for packaging solar mounting attachments in claim 1, wherein the container of fasteners and the flashings may also be removed simultaneously. 4. The method for packaging solar mounting attachments in claim 1, wherein the flashings, the container of fasteners, and attachment brackets are then installed in the order of the flashings, the container of fasteners, and attachment brackets. 5. A method for packaging solar mounting attachments comprising:
forming a package box having a first end and a second end; sealing the first end of the package box; placing flashings into the package box adjacent to the first end; placing a container of fasteners adjacent to the flashings and the first end; and placing attachment brackets into compartments defined by dividers, the attachment brackets and compartments adjacent to the flashings and the container of fasteners, wherein the flashings, the container of fasteners, and attachment brackets may be removed from the package box from the first end in an order of flashings, the container of fasteners, and attachment brackets. 6. The method for packaging solar mounting attachments in claim 5, wherein the flashings, the container of fasteners, and attachment brackets may also be removed from the package box from the second end in a second order of the container of fasteners, flashings, and attachment brackets. 7. The method for packaging solar mounting attachments in claim 5, wherein the container of fasteners and the flashings may also be removed simultaneously. 8. The method for packaging solar mounting attachments in claim 5, wherein the flashings, the container of fasteners, and attachment brackets are then installed in the order of the flashings, the container of fasteners, and attachment brackets. 9. A package box comprising:
a first end and a second end; attachment brackets placed adjacent to the first end; a container of fasteners adjacent to and on top of at least one of the attachment brackets; and flashings adjacent to the container of fasteners and on top of at least one other of the attachment brackets, wherein the flashings, the container of fasteners, and attachment brackets may be removed from the package box from the second end in an order of flashings, the container of fasteners, and attachment brackets. 10. The package box of claim 9, further comprising:
dividers disposed in the package box and adjacent to the first end, the dividers defining compartments in the package box, wherein the attachment brackets are placed in the compartments defined by the dividers, the container of fasteners are adjacent to and on top of at least one of the dividers, the flashings are adjacent to and on top of at least one other of the dividers. 11. The package box of claim 9, wherein the flashings, the container of fasteners, and attachment brackets may also be removed from the package box from the second end in the order of the container of fasteners, flashings, and attachment brackets. 12. The package box of claim 9, wherein the container of fasteners and the flashings may also be removed simultaneously. 13. A method for removing solar mounting attachments from a package box, comprising:
opening a first end of the package box having the first end and a second end; removing flashings from the first end of the package box; removing a container of fasteners previously adjacent to the flashings from the first end; and removing attachment brackets from compartments defined by dividers, the attachment brackets and compartments previously adjacent to the flashings and the container of fasteners, wherein the flashings, the container of fasteners, and attachment brackets are then used for installation in an order of at least one of the flashings, at least one of the fasteners in the container of fasteners, and at least one of the attachment brackets. 14. A method for installing solar mounting attachments, comprising:
opening a first end of the package box having the first end and a second end; removing attachment brackets from compartments defined by dividers, the attachment brackets and compartments previously adjacent to the flashings and the container of fasteners; removing flashings adjacent to the container of fasteners from the first end of the package box; and removing a container of fasteners disposed on the second end from the first end, wherein the flashings, the container of fasteners, and attachment brackets are then used for installation in the order of at least one of the flashings, at least one of the fasteners in the container of fasteners, and at least one of the attachment brackets. | 3,600 |
340,060 | 16,801,056 | 3,631 | Disclosed herein are an artificial intelligence device including a memory configured to store user interest data, a processor configured to generate a keyword combination including at least one of a time keyword, a place keyword, an object keyword or an application type keyword based on the user interest data, and a display configured to display at least one of a time keyword, a place keyword, an object keyword or an application type keyword included in the keyword combination. | 1. An artificial intelligence device comprising:
a memory configured to store user interest data; a processor configured to generate a keyword combination including at least one of a time keyword, a place keyword, an object keyword or an application type keyword based on the user interest data; and a display configured to display at least one of a time keyword, a place keyword, an object keyword or an application type keyword included in the keyword combination. 2. The artificial intelligence device of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to:
determine whether an event of interest to a user has occurred based on location information of the artificial intelligence device, acquire, as a place keyword, a location where the event has occurred, and acquire at least one of a time keyword, an object keyword or an application type keyword based on user interest data generated repeatedly by more than a predetermined reference value for a predetermined time at the location where the event has occurred to generate the keyword combination. 3. The artificial intelligence device of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to:
classify the user interest data by interest category, acquire a field of interest to a user based on the classified interest category, acquire, from, the user interest data, an object keyword matching the field of interest, give a weight to the object keyword, and acquire at least one of a time keyword, a place keyword or an application type keyword based on user interest data, from which the object keyword is extracted, to generate the keyword combination when the weight of the object keyword is equal to or greater than a predetermined reference value. 4. The artificial intelligence device of claim 3, wherein the processor is configured to:
label the user interest data with the classified interest category, acquire a search request for the interest category, and acquire, as a search result, user interest data labeled with the interest category. 5. The artificial intelligence device of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to:
separate and extract a noun from text data included in the user interest data to generate the extracted noun as the object keyword. 6. The artificial intelligence device of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to generate the object keyword based on an object recognized from image data included in the user interest data or tag information of the image data. 7. The artificial intelligence device of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to determine priority of the keyword combination according to frequency of generating the keyword combination. 8. The artificial intelligence device of claim 1,
wherein the processor is configured to: acquire a search word for searching for the user interest data, extract at least one of a time search word, a place search word, an object search word or an application type search word from the search word, and acquire, as a search result, user interest data labeled with a keyword combination common with at least one of the time search word, the place search word, the object search word or the application type search word, and wherein the display is configured to display the search result. 9. The artificial intelligence device of claim 8, wherein the processor is configured to acquire a time hint keyword, a place hint keyword, an object hint keyword or an application type hint keyword for detailed search corresponding to the search word based on a keyword combination labeled with user interest data included in the search result. 10. The artificial intelligence device of claim 9, wherein the display displays at least one of the time hint keyword, the place hint keyword, the object hint keyword or the application type hint keyword. 11. A method of providing a search service at an artificial intelligence device, the method comprising:
storing user interest data; generating a keyword combination including at least one of a time keyword, a place keyword, an object keyword or an application type keyword based on the user interest data; and displaying at least one of a time keyword, a place keyword, an object keyword or an application type keyword included in the keyword combination. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the generating of the keyword combination includes:
determining whether an event of interest to a user has occurred based on location information of the artificial intelligence device, acquiring, as a place keyword, a location where the event has occurred, acquiring at least one of a time keyword, an object keyword or an application type keyword based on user interest data generated repeatedly by more than a predetermined reference value at the location where the event has occurred to generate the keyword combination. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the generating of the keyword combination includes:
classifying the user interest data by interest category, acquiring a field of interest to a user based on the classified interest category, acquiring an object keyword matching the field of interest from the user interest data, giving a weight to the object keyword, acquiring at least one of a time keyword, a place keyword or an application type keyword based on user interest data, from which the object keyword is extracted, to generate the keyword combination, when the weight of the object keyword is equal to or greater than a predetermined reference value. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
labeling the user interest data with the classified interest category, acquiring a search request for the interest category, and acquiring, as a search result, user interest data labeled with the interest category. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the acquiring of the object keyword matching the field of interest from the user interest data includes separating and extracting a noun from text data included in the user interest data to generate the extracted noun as the object keyword. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein the acquiring of the object keyword matching the field of interest from the user interest data includes generating the object keyword based on an object recognized from image data included in the user interest data or tag information of the image data. 17. The method of claim 11, further comprising determining priority of the keyword combination according to frequency of generating the keyword combination. 18. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
acquiring a search word for searching for the user interest data; extracting at least one of a time search word, a place search word, an object search word or an application type search word from the search word; acquiring, as a search result, user interest data labeled with a keyword combination common with at least one of the time search word, the place search word, the object search word or the application type search word; and displaying the search result. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising acquiring a time hint keyword, a place hint keyword, an object hint keyword or an application type hint keyword for detailed search corresponding to the search word based on a keyword combination labeled with user interest data included in the search result. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising displaying at least one of the time hint keyword, the place hint keyword, the object hint keyword or the application type hint keyword. | Disclosed herein are an artificial intelligence device including a memory configured to store user interest data, a processor configured to generate a keyword combination including at least one of a time keyword, a place keyword, an object keyword or an application type keyword based on the user interest data, and a display configured to display at least one of a time keyword, a place keyword, an object keyword or an application type keyword included in the keyword combination.1. An artificial intelligence device comprising:
a memory configured to store user interest data; a processor configured to generate a keyword combination including at least one of a time keyword, a place keyword, an object keyword or an application type keyword based on the user interest data; and a display configured to display at least one of a time keyword, a place keyword, an object keyword or an application type keyword included in the keyword combination. 2. The artificial intelligence device of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to:
determine whether an event of interest to a user has occurred based on location information of the artificial intelligence device, acquire, as a place keyword, a location where the event has occurred, and acquire at least one of a time keyword, an object keyword or an application type keyword based on user interest data generated repeatedly by more than a predetermined reference value for a predetermined time at the location where the event has occurred to generate the keyword combination. 3. The artificial intelligence device of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to:
classify the user interest data by interest category, acquire a field of interest to a user based on the classified interest category, acquire, from, the user interest data, an object keyword matching the field of interest, give a weight to the object keyword, and acquire at least one of a time keyword, a place keyword or an application type keyword based on user interest data, from which the object keyword is extracted, to generate the keyword combination when the weight of the object keyword is equal to or greater than a predetermined reference value. 4. The artificial intelligence device of claim 3, wherein the processor is configured to:
label the user interest data with the classified interest category, acquire a search request for the interest category, and acquire, as a search result, user interest data labeled with the interest category. 5. The artificial intelligence device of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to:
separate and extract a noun from text data included in the user interest data to generate the extracted noun as the object keyword. 6. The artificial intelligence device of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to generate the object keyword based on an object recognized from image data included in the user interest data or tag information of the image data. 7. The artificial intelligence device of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to determine priority of the keyword combination according to frequency of generating the keyword combination. 8. The artificial intelligence device of claim 1,
wherein the processor is configured to: acquire a search word for searching for the user interest data, extract at least one of a time search word, a place search word, an object search word or an application type search word from the search word, and acquire, as a search result, user interest data labeled with a keyword combination common with at least one of the time search word, the place search word, the object search word or the application type search word, and wherein the display is configured to display the search result. 9. The artificial intelligence device of claim 8, wherein the processor is configured to acquire a time hint keyword, a place hint keyword, an object hint keyword or an application type hint keyword for detailed search corresponding to the search word based on a keyword combination labeled with user interest data included in the search result. 10. The artificial intelligence device of claim 9, wherein the display displays at least one of the time hint keyword, the place hint keyword, the object hint keyword or the application type hint keyword. 11. A method of providing a search service at an artificial intelligence device, the method comprising:
storing user interest data; generating a keyword combination including at least one of a time keyword, a place keyword, an object keyword or an application type keyword based on the user interest data; and displaying at least one of a time keyword, a place keyword, an object keyword or an application type keyword included in the keyword combination. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the generating of the keyword combination includes:
determining whether an event of interest to a user has occurred based on location information of the artificial intelligence device, acquiring, as a place keyword, a location where the event has occurred, acquiring at least one of a time keyword, an object keyword or an application type keyword based on user interest data generated repeatedly by more than a predetermined reference value at the location where the event has occurred to generate the keyword combination. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the generating of the keyword combination includes:
classifying the user interest data by interest category, acquiring a field of interest to a user based on the classified interest category, acquiring an object keyword matching the field of interest from the user interest data, giving a weight to the object keyword, acquiring at least one of a time keyword, a place keyword or an application type keyword based on user interest data, from which the object keyword is extracted, to generate the keyword combination, when the weight of the object keyword is equal to or greater than a predetermined reference value. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
labeling the user interest data with the classified interest category, acquiring a search request for the interest category, and acquiring, as a search result, user interest data labeled with the interest category. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the acquiring of the object keyword matching the field of interest from the user interest data includes separating and extracting a noun from text data included in the user interest data to generate the extracted noun as the object keyword. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein the acquiring of the object keyword matching the field of interest from the user interest data includes generating the object keyword based on an object recognized from image data included in the user interest data or tag information of the image data. 17. The method of claim 11, further comprising determining priority of the keyword combination according to frequency of generating the keyword combination. 18. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
acquiring a search word for searching for the user interest data; extracting at least one of a time search word, a place search word, an object search word or an application type search word from the search word; acquiring, as a search result, user interest data labeled with a keyword combination common with at least one of the time search word, the place search word, the object search word or the application type search word; and displaying the search result. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising acquiring a time hint keyword, a place hint keyword, an object hint keyword or an application type hint keyword for detailed search corresponding to the search word based on a keyword combination labeled with user interest data included in the search result. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising displaying at least one of the time hint keyword, the place hint keyword, the object hint keyword or the application type hint keyword. | 3,600 |
340,061 | 16,801,048 | 3,631 | A semiconductor device includes circuit substrates 3 and 9 including circuit pattern layers 3c/9b, a semiconductor element 5 mounted to the circuit pattern layer 3c, a connecting pin 7 connecting the semiconductor element 5 to the circuit pattern layer 9b, a pin-shaped terminal 17 connected to the circuit pattern layer 9b, a sealing member 2 sealing the circuit substrates 3 and 9, the semiconductor element 5, and the connecting pin 7, and an external terminal 27 including a flat plate portion 27s and an extending portion 27t bent from the flat plate portion 27s and extends away from the circuit substrate 9, in which the flat plate portion 27s is connected to the pin-shaped terminal 17 and arranged in parallel with the circuit pattern layer 9b, and the extending portion 27t is provided in a range of a width in a transverse direction of the sealing member 2. | 1. A semiconductor device comprising:
a first circuit substrate (3) including a first circuit pattern layer (3 c); a semiconductor element (5) mounted to the first circuit pattern layer (3 c); a second circuit substrate (9) including a second circuit pattern layer (9 b); a connecting pin (7) that connects the semiconductor element (5) to the second circuit pattern layer (9 b); a pin-shaped terminal (17) electrically connected to the second circuit pattern layer (9 b); a sealing member (2) that seals the first circuit substrate (3), the semiconductor element (5), the second circuit substrate (9), and the connecting pin (7) using resin; and an external terminal (27) including a flat plate portion (27 s) and an extending portion (27 t) that is bent from the flat plate portion (27 s) and extends in a direction away from the second circuit substrate (9), wherein: the flat plate portion (27 s) is connected to the pin-shaped terminal (17) and arranged in parallel with the second circuit pattern layer (9 b); and the extending portion (27 t) is provided in a range of a width in a transverse direction of the sealing member (2). 2. The semiconductor device according to claim 1,
wherein a sign of a rate of change of current of a current flowing through the flat plate portion (27 s) is a sign inverse to a sign of a rate of change of current of a current flowing through the second circuit pattern layer (9 b). 3. The semiconductor device according to claim 1,
wherein currents are caused to flow in the flat plate portion (27 s) and the second circuit pattern layer (9 b) in a same direction in parallel. 4. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, comprising:
another external terminal (28) including another extending portion (28 t) electrically connected to the first circuit pattern layer (3 c) and arranged in parallel with the extending portion (27 t). 5. The semiconductor device according to claim 1,
wherein a plurality of the pin-shaped terminals (17) are respectively connected to areas in the vicinity of opposite lateral sides of the flat plate portion (27 s) in the transverse direction of the sealing member (2). 6. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, comprising:
a cap (20) including a plurality of through holes (22 b, 23 b) that allow insertion of the extending portions (27 t, 28 t). 7. The semiconductor device according to claim 6, wherein:
the cap (20) includes a nut accommodation portion (22) that accommodates a nut (27 b); and the external terminal (27) includes a through hole at an end of the extending portion (27 t) opposite to the flat plate portion (27 s), and the extending portion (27 t) is bent in such a manner that the through hole is arranged above the nut (27 b). 8. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, comprising:
a plurality of external terminals (26, 27, 28) including flat plate portions (26 s, 27 s, 28 s) and extending portions (26 t, 27 t, 28 t) that are bent from the flat plate portions (26 s, 27 s, 28 s) and extend in the direction away from the second circuit substrate (9); a cap (20) including a plurality of through holes (21 b, 22 b, 23 b) that allow insertion of the extending portions (26 t, 27 t, 28 t); and insulating walls (2 e, 2 f, 20 d) that extend from the cap (20) or the sealing member (2) and provided on outer circumferences of the flat plate portions (26 s, 27 s, 28 s), wherein the flat plate portions (26 s, 27 s, 28 s) are arranged in spaces (2 a, 2 b, 2 c) surrounded by the cap (20), the sealing member (2), and the insulating walls (2 e, 2 f, 20 d). 9. The semiconductor device according to claim 8, wherein:
the insulating walls (2 e, 2 f, 20 d) include a sealing member-side insulating wall (2 f) that extends from the sealing member (2), and a cap-side insulating wall (20 d) that extends from the cap (20); and a side surface of the sealing member-side insulating wall (2 f) is in direct contact with a side surface of the cap-side insulating wall (20 d). 10. The semiconductor device according to claim 4,
wherein a length of the flat plate portion (27 s) of the external terminal (27) is longer than a length of the other flat plate portion (28 s) of the other external terminal (28) in a longitudinal direction of the sealing member (2). 11. The semiconductor device according to claim 4, comprising:
another first circuit substrate (4) arranged to be adjacent to the first circuit substrate (3), and connected to the other external terminal (28), wherein the flat plate portion (27 s) of the external terminal (27) extends up to an area above the other first circuit substrate (4). 12. The semiconductor device according to claim 10, comprising:
another first circuit substrate (4) arranged to be adjacent to the first circuit substrate (3), and connected to the other external terminal (28), wherein the flat plate portion (27 s) of the external terminal (27) extends up to an area above the other first circuit substrate (4). | A semiconductor device includes circuit substrates 3 and 9 including circuit pattern layers 3c/9b, a semiconductor element 5 mounted to the circuit pattern layer 3c, a connecting pin 7 connecting the semiconductor element 5 to the circuit pattern layer 9b, a pin-shaped terminal 17 connected to the circuit pattern layer 9b, a sealing member 2 sealing the circuit substrates 3 and 9, the semiconductor element 5, and the connecting pin 7, and an external terminal 27 including a flat plate portion 27s and an extending portion 27t bent from the flat plate portion 27s and extends away from the circuit substrate 9, in which the flat plate portion 27s is connected to the pin-shaped terminal 17 and arranged in parallel with the circuit pattern layer 9b, and the extending portion 27t is provided in a range of a width in a transverse direction of the sealing member 2.1. A semiconductor device comprising:
a first circuit substrate (3) including a first circuit pattern layer (3 c); a semiconductor element (5) mounted to the first circuit pattern layer (3 c); a second circuit substrate (9) including a second circuit pattern layer (9 b); a connecting pin (7) that connects the semiconductor element (5) to the second circuit pattern layer (9 b); a pin-shaped terminal (17) electrically connected to the second circuit pattern layer (9 b); a sealing member (2) that seals the first circuit substrate (3), the semiconductor element (5), the second circuit substrate (9), and the connecting pin (7) using resin; and an external terminal (27) including a flat plate portion (27 s) and an extending portion (27 t) that is bent from the flat plate portion (27 s) and extends in a direction away from the second circuit substrate (9), wherein: the flat plate portion (27 s) is connected to the pin-shaped terminal (17) and arranged in parallel with the second circuit pattern layer (9 b); and the extending portion (27 t) is provided in a range of a width in a transverse direction of the sealing member (2). 2. The semiconductor device according to claim 1,
wherein a sign of a rate of change of current of a current flowing through the flat plate portion (27 s) is a sign inverse to a sign of a rate of change of current of a current flowing through the second circuit pattern layer (9 b). 3. The semiconductor device according to claim 1,
wherein currents are caused to flow in the flat plate portion (27 s) and the second circuit pattern layer (9 b) in a same direction in parallel. 4. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, comprising:
another external terminal (28) including another extending portion (28 t) electrically connected to the first circuit pattern layer (3 c) and arranged in parallel with the extending portion (27 t). 5. The semiconductor device according to claim 1,
wherein a plurality of the pin-shaped terminals (17) are respectively connected to areas in the vicinity of opposite lateral sides of the flat plate portion (27 s) in the transverse direction of the sealing member (2). 6. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, comprising:
a cap (20) including a plurality of through holes (22 b, 23 b) that allow insertion of the extending portions (27 t, 28 t). 7. The semiconductor device according to claim 6, wherein:
the cap (20) includes a nut accommodation portion (22) that accommodates a nut (27 b); and the external terminal (27) includes a through hole at an end of the extending portion (27 t) opposite to the flat plate portion (27 s), and the extending portion (27 t) is bent in such a manner that the through hole is arranged above the nut (27 b). 8. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, comprising:
a plurality of external terminals (26, 27, 28) including flat plate portions (26 s, 27 s, 28 s) and extending portions (26 t, 27 t, 28 t) that are bent from the flat plate portions (26 s, 27 s, 28 s) and extend in the direction away from the second circuit substrate (9); a cap (20) including a plurality of through holes (21 b, 22 b, 23 b) that allow insertion of the extending portions (26 t, 27 t, 28 t); and insulating walls (2 e, 2 f, 20 d) that extend from the cap (20) or the sealing member (2) and provided on outer circumferences of the flat plate portions (26 s, 27 s, 28 s), wherein the flat plate portions (26 s, 27 s, 28 s) are arranged in spaces (2 a, 2 b, 2 c) surrounded by the cap (20), the sealing member (2), and the insulating walls (2 e, 2 f, 20 d). 9. The semiconductor device according to claim 8, wherein:
the insulating walls (2 e, 2 f, 20 d) include a sealing member-side insulating wall (2 f) that extends from the sealing member (2), and a cap-side insulating wall (20 d) that extends from the cap (20); and a side surface of the sealing member-side insulating wall (2 f) is in direct contact with a side surface of the cap-side insulating wall (20 d). 10. The semiconductor device according to claim 4,
wherein a length of the flat plate portion (27 s) of the external terminal (27) is longer than a length of the other flat plate portion (28 s) of the other external terminal (28) in a longitudinal direction of the sealing member (2). 11. The semiconductor device according to claim 4, comprising:
another first circuit substrate (4) arranged to be adjacent to the first circuit substrate (3), and connected to the other external terminal (28), wherein the flat plate portion (27 s) of the external terminal (27) extends up to an area above the other first circuit substrate (4). 12. The semiconductor device according to claim 10, comprising:
another first circuit substrate (4) arranged to be adjacent to the first circuit substrate (3), and connected to the other external terminal (28), wherein the flat plate portion (27 s) of the external terminal (27) extends up to an area above the other first circuit substrate (4). | 3,600 |
340,062 | 16,801,053 | 3,631 | A method of performing equalization of audio signals to be provided to the speakers of a client device is based on determining a target position for the client device in the environment. Sensors in the client device may capture data of the environment. The sensor data is analyzed to determine location information associated with one or more target individuals in the environment. Audio signals that are to be provided to an audio output system of the client device are equalized based on the target position to compensate for an expected loss in the audio signal between the client device and the determined target position. The equalized audio signals are provided to the speakers of the client device for audio playback. | 1. A method comprising:
receiving an audio signal intended for audio playback by a client device; receiving locations of one or more target individuals within an environment in which the client device is located; determining a target position based on the received locations of the one or more target individuals; determining, based on the target position, equalization parameters of an equalization function by retrieving the equalization parameters from stored one or more look-up tables based on the determined target position, wherein the stored one or more look-up tables are based on a stored persistent map of the environment, the persistent map of the environment including one or more persistent objects of the environment rather than one or more dynamic or temporary or moving objects; applying the equalization function to the received audio signal to generate an equalized audio signal based on the determined equalization parameters; providing the equalized audio signal for audio playback to an audio output system of the client device; and the method further comprising:
periodically updating the stored persistent map of the environment and
modifying the stored one or more look-up tables based on the updated persistent map. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the locations of the one or more target individuals is determined from sensor data provided by one or more sensors on the client device. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein receiving the locations of the one or more target individuals within the environment in which the client device is located comprises:
receiving a distance of each of the one or more target individuals from the client device; and receiving an azimuthal angle made by each of the one or more target individuals with respect to a reference listening direction for the client device. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein determining a target position based on the received locations of the one or more target individuals comprises:
generating the target position as a weighted combination of the received distances and azimuthal angles of each of the one or more target individuals. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein
the stored one or more look-up tables provide a frequency-dependent mapping of target positions to the equalization parameters. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein applying the equalization function to the received audio signal to generate the equalized audio signal comprises:
computing the equalization function based on the determined equalization parameters; and generating the equalized audio signal by applying the computed equalization function to the received audio signal. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein applying the equalization function to the received audio signal to generate an equalized audio signal based on the determined equalization parameters comprises:
computing a frequency dependent complex gain function based on the determined equalization parameters; and applying the frequency dependent complex gain function to the received audio signal to compensate for an expected loss in the audio signal between the client device and the determined target position. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the equalization parameters of the equalization function may be based on one or more of:
empirical user information; and a prior history of user behavior. 9. The method of claim 1,
wherein the persistent map of the environment is generated by:
receiving sensor data of the environment over a period of time from one or more sensors in the client device;
pre-processing the sensor data to generate the persistent map of the environment; and
storing the generated persistent map of the environment; and
wherein periodically updating the stored persistent map of the environment is based on periodic pre-processing of image data of the environment. 10. (canceled) 11. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising computer program instructions that, when executed by a computer processor of an online system, cause the processor to perform steps comprising:
receiving an audio signal intended for audio playback by a client device; receiving locations of one or more target individuals within an environment in which the client device is located; determining a target position based on the received locations of the one or more target individuals; determining, based on the target position, equalization parameters of an equalization function by retrieving the equalization parameters from stored one or more look-up tables based on the determined target position, wherein the stored one or more look-up tables are based on a stored persistent map of the environment, the persistent map of the environment including one or more persistent objects of the environment rather than one or more dynamic or temporary or moving objects; applying the equalization function to the received audio signal to generate an equalized audio signal based on the determined equalization parameters; providing the equalized audio signal for audio playback to an audio output system of the client device; and the method further comprising:
periodically updating the stored persistent map of the environment and
modifying the stored one or more look-up tables based on the updated persistent map. 12. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 11, wherein the locations of the one or more target individuals is determined from sensor data provided by one or more sensors on the client device. 13. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 11, wherein receiving the locations of the one or more target individuals within the environment in which the client device is located comprises:
receiving a distance of each of the one or more target individuals from the client device; and receiving an azimuthal angle made by each of the one or more target individuals with respect to a reference listening direction for the client device. 14. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 13, wherein determining a target position based on the received locations of the one or more target individuals comprises:
generating the target position as a weighted combination of the received distances and azimuthal angles of each of the one or more target individuals. 15. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 11, wherein
the stored one or more look-up tables provide a frequency-dependent mapping of target positions to the equalization parameters. 16. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 11, wherein applying the equalization function to the received audio signal to generate the equalized audio signal comprises:
computing the equalization function based on the determined equalization parameters; and generating the equalized audio signal by applying the computed equalization function to the received audio signal. 17. A system comprising:
a processor; and a non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising computer program instructions that when executed by the processor of an online system causes the processor to perform steps comprising:
receiving an audio signal intended for audio playback by a client device;
receiving locations of one or more target individuals within an environment in which the client device is located;
determining a target position based on the received locations of the one or more target individuals;
determining, based on the target position, equalization parameters of an equalization function by retrieving the equalization parameters from stored one or more look-up tables based on the determined target position, wherein the stored one or more look-up tables are based on a stored persistent map of the environment, the persistent map of the environment including one or more persistent objects of the environment rather than one or more dynamic or temporary or moving objects;
applying the equalization function to the received audio signal to generate an equalized audio signal based on the determined equalization parameters;
providing the equalized audio signal for audio playback to an audio output system of the client device; and
the method further comprising:
periodically updating the stored persistent map of the environment and
modifying the stored one or more look-up tables based on the updated persistent map. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the locations of the one or more target individuals is determined from sensor data provided by one or more sensors on the client device. 19. The system of claim 17, wherein
the stored one or more look-up tables provide a frequency-dependent mapping of target positions to the equalization parameters. 20. The system of claim 17, wherein applying the equalization function to the received audio signal to generate the equalized audio signal comprises:
computing the equalization function based on the determined equalization parameters; and generating the equalized audio signal by applying the computed equalization function to the received audio signal. | A method of performing equalization of audio signals to be provided to the speakers of a client device is based on determining a target position for the client device in the environment. Sensors in the client device may capture data of the environment. The sensor data is analyzed to determine location information associated with one or more target individuals in the environment. Audio signals that are to be provided to an audio output system of the client device are equalized based on the target position to compensate for an expected loss in the audio signal between the client device and the determined target position. The equalized audio signals are provided to the speakers of the client device for audio playback.1. A method comprising:
receiving an audio signal intended for audio playback by a client device; receiving locations of one or more target individuals within an environment in which the client device is located; determining a target position based on the received locations of the one or more target individuals; determining, based on the target position, equalization parameters of an equalization function by retrieving the equalization parameters from stored one or more look-up tables based on the determined target position, wherein the stored one or more look-up tables are based on a stored persistent map of the environment, the persistent map of the environment including one or more persistent objects of the environment rather than one or more dynamic or temporary or moving objects; applying the equalization function to the received audio signal to generate an equalized audio signal based on the determined equalization parameters; providing the equalized audio signal for audio playback to an audio output system of the client device; and the method further comprising:
periodically updating the stored persistent map of the environment and
modifying the stored one or more look-up tables based on the updated persistent map. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the locations of the one or more target individuals is determined from sensor data provided by one or more sensors on the client device. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein receiving the locations of the one or more target individuals within the environment in which the client device is located comprises:
receiving a distance of each of the one or more target individuals from the client device; and receiving an azimuthal angle made by each of the one or more target individuals with respect to a reference listening direction for the client device. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein determining a target position based on the received locations of the one or more target individuals comprises:
generating the target position as a weighted combination of the received distances and azimuthal angles of each of the one or more target individuals. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein
the stored one or more look-up tables provide a frequency-dependent mapping of target positions to the equalization parameters. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein applying the equalization function to the received audio signal to generate the equalized audio signal comprises:
computing the equalization function based on the determined equalization parameters; and generating the equalized audio signal by applying the computed equalization function to the received audio signal. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein applying the equalization function to the received audio signal to generate an equalized audio signal based on the determined equalization parameters comprises:
computing a frequency dependent complex gain function based on the determined equalization parameters; and applying the frequency dependent complex gain function to the received audio signal to compensate for an expected loss in the audio signal between the client device and the determined target position. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the equalization parameters of the equalization function may be based on one or more of:
empirical user information; and a prior history of user behavior. 9. The method of claim 1,
wherein the persistent map of the environment is generated by:
receiving sensor data of the environment over a period of time from one or more sensors in the client device;
pre-processing the sensor data to generate the persistent map of the environment; and
storing the generated persistent map of the environment; and
wherein periodically updating the stored persistent map of the environment is based on periodic pre-processing of image data of the environment. 10. (canceled) 11. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising computer program instructions that, when executed by a computer processor of an online system, cause the processor to perform steps comprising:
receiving an audio signal intended for audio playback by a client device; receiving locations of one or more target individuals within an environment in which the client device is located; determining a target position based on the received locations of the one or more target individuals; determining, based on the target position, equalization parameters of an equalization function by retrieving the equalization parameters from stored one or more look-up tables based on the determined target position, wherein the stored one or more look-up tables are based on a stored persistent map of the environment, the persistent map of the environment including one or more persistent objects of the environment rather than one or more dynamic or temporary or moving objects; applying the equalization function to the received audio signal to generate an equalized audio signal based on the determined equalization parameters; providing the equalized audio signal for audio playback to an audio output system of the client device; and the method further comprising:
periodically updating the stored persistent map of the environment and
modifying the stored one or more look-up tables based on the updated persistent map. 12. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 11, wherein the locations of the one or more target individuals is determined from sensor data provided by one or more sensors on the client device. 13. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 11, wherein receiving the locations of the one or more target individuals within the environment in which the client device is located comprises:
receiving a distance of each of the one or more target individuals from the client device; and receiving an azimuthal angle made by each of the one or more target individuals with respect to a reference listening direction for the client device. 14. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 13, wherein determining a target position based on the received locations of the one or more target individuals comprises:
generating the target position as a weighted combination of the received distances and azimuthal angles of each of the one or more target individuals. 15. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 11, wherein
the stored one or more look-up tables provide a frequency-dependent mapping of target positions to the equalization parameters. 16. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 11, wherein applying the equalization function to the received audio signal to generate the equalized audio signal comprises:
computing the equalization function based on the determined equalization parameters; and generating the equalized audio signal by applying the computed equalization function to the received audio signal. 17. A system comprising:
a processor; and a non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising computer program instructions that when executed by the processor of an online system causes the processor to perform steps comprising:
receiving an audio signal intended for audio playback by a client device;
receiving locations of one or more target individuals within an environment in which the client device is located;
determining a target position based on the received locations of the one or more target individuals;
determining, based on the target position, equalization parameters of an equalization function by retrieving the equalization parameters from stored one or more look-up tables based on the determined target position, wherein the stored one or more look-up tables are based on a stored persistent map of the environment, the persistent map of the environment including one or more persistent objects of the environment rather than one or more dynamic or temporary or moving objects;
applying the equalization function to the received audio signal to generate an equalized audio signal based on the determined equalization parameters;
providing the equalized audio signal for audio playback to an audio output system of the client device; and
the method further comprising:
periodically updating the stored persistent map of the environment and
modifying the stored one or more look-up tables based on the updated persistent map. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the locations of the one or more target individuals is determined from sensor data provided by one or more sensors on the client device. 19. The system of claim 17, wherein
the stored one or more look-up tables provide a frequency-dependent mapping of target positions to the equalization parameters. 20. The system of claim 17, wherein applying the equalization function to the received audio signal to generate the equalized audio signal comprises:
computing the equalization function based on the determined equalization parameters; and generating the equalized audio signal by applying the computed equalization function to the received audio signal. | 3,600 |
340,063 | 16,801,057 | 3,631 | There is provided a method for controlling an electrophotographic apparatus including forming a first measurement image by performing first halftone processing on image data, forming a second measurement image by performing second halftone processing different from the first halftone processing on the image data, measuring densities of the first measurement image and the second measurement image, calculating a density difference between each of densities of the measurement images, determining whether the density difference satisfies a predetermined reference value, and applying a surface treatment on an electrophotographic photosensitive member if the density difference does not satisfy the reference value, during a non-image formation period. | 1. A method for controlling an electrophotographic apparatus, the electrophotographic apparatus including:
a charging unit configured to charge an electrophotographic photosensitive member, an exposure unit configured to form a latent image on the charged electrophotographic photosensitive member, a development unit configured to develop the latent image with toner to form a toner image, and a measurement unit configured to measure a density of the toner image, the method for controlling the electrophotographic apparatus comprising: storing two types of test image data acquired by performing first halftone processing and second halftone processing on image data having a predetermined image density into a storage unit of the electrophotographic apparatus in advance, and, during a non-image formation period, forming two types of test images from the two types of test image data, measuring densities of the two types of test images, calculating a density difference between the two types of test images, determining whether the density difference is equal to or smaller than a predetermined reference value or exceeds the predetermined reference value, and applying a surface treatment on the electrophotographic photosensitive member if the density difference exceeds the predetermined reference value. 2. A method for controlling an electrophotographic apparatus, the electrophotographic apparatus including:
a charging unit configured to charge an electrophotographic photosensitive member, an exposure unit configured to form a latent image on the charged electrophotographic photosensitive member, a development unit configured to develop the latent image with toner to form a toner image, and a measurement unit configured to measure a density of the toner image, the method for controlling the electrophotographic apparatus comprising: forming two types of test images by performing first halftone processing and second halftone processing on image data having a predetermined image density, measuring densities of the two types of test images, calculating a density difference between the two types of test images, determining whether the density difference is equal to or smaller than a predetermined reference value or exceeds the predetermined reference value, and applying a surface treatment on the electrophotographic photosensitive member if the density difference exceeds the predetermined reference value, during a non-image formation period. 3. The method for controlling the electrophotographic apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first halftone processing and the second halftone processing are dither processing procedures corresponding to different resolutions. 4. The method for controlling the electrophotographic apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the first halftone processing is dither processing corresponding to a higher resolution than dither processing used during an image formation period. 5. The method for controlling the electrophotographic apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first halftone processing is error diffusion processing, and the second halftone processing is dither processing. 6. The method for controlling the electrophotographic apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the density of the image data having the predetermined image density is lower than 50%. 7. The method for controlling the electrophotographic apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the surface treatment is a treatment for removing an attached substance on a surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member, or a treatment for oxidizing the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member. 8. The method for controlling the electrophotographic apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member is made of hydrogenated amorphous carbon or hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide. 9. The method for controlling the electrophotographic apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein a surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member is made of hydrogenated amorphous carbon or hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide, wherein an average value of a ratio of the number of carbon atoms (C) to a sum of the number of carbon atoms (C) and the number of silicon atoms (Si) (C/(C+Si)) of the surface layer is 0.90 or higher, wherein an average value of a ratio of the number of hydrogen atoms (H) to a sum of the number of hydrogen atoms (H), the number of carbon atoms (C), and the number of silicon atoms (Si) (H/(H+C+Si)) of the surface layer is 0.40 or lower, and wherein the surface treatment of the electrophotographic photosensitive member is a treatment for oxidizing an outermost surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member by providing a negative charge to a surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member. 10. A method for controlling an electrophotographic apparatus, the electrophotographic apparatus including:
a charging unit configured to charge an electrophotographic photosensitive member, an exposure unit configured to form a latent image on the charged electrophotographic photosensitive member, a development unit configured to develop the latent image with toner to form a toner image, and a measurement unit configured to measure a density of the toner image, the method for controlling the electrophotographic apparatus comprising: forming a plurality of test images by performing predetermined halftone processing on pieces of image data having a plurality of image densities, measuring densities of the plurality of test images, calculating linearity between the image data having the image density and the density, determining whether the linearity is lower than a predetermined reference value or equal to or higher than the predetermined reference value, and applying a surface treatment on the electrophotographic photosensitive member if the linearity is lower than the predetermined reference value during a non-image formation period. 11. The method for controlling the electrophotographic apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the predetermined halftone processing is dither processing corresponding to a higher resolution than dither processing used during an image formation period. 12. The method for controlling the electrophotographic apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the predetermined halftone processing is error diffusion processing. 13. The method for controlling the electrophotographic apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the densities of the pieces of image data having the plurality of image densities are lower than 50%. | There is provided a method for controlling an electrophotographic apparatus including forming a first measurement image by performing first halftone processing on image data, forming a second measurement image by performing second halftone processing different from the first halftone processing on the image data, measuring densities of the first measurement image and the second measurement image, calculating a density difference between each of densities of the measurement images, determining whether the density difference satisfies a predetermined reference value, and applying a surface treatment on an electrophotographic photosensitive member if the density difference does not satisfy the reference value, during a non-image formation period.1. A method for controlling an electrophotographic apparatus, the electrophotographic apparatus including:
a charging unit configured to charge an electrophotographic photosensitive member, an exposure unit configured to form a latent image on the charged electrophotographic photosensitive member, a development unit configured to develop the latent image with toner to form a toner image, and a measurement unit configured to measure a density of the toner image, the method for controlling the electrophotographic apparatus comprising: storing two types of test image data acquired by performing first halftone processing and second halftone processing on image data having a predetermined image density into a storage unit of the electrophotographic apparatus in advance, and, during a non-image formation period, forming two types of test images from the two types of test image data, measuring densities of the two types of test images, calculating a density difference between the two types of test images, determining whether the density difference is equal to or smaller than a predetermined reference value or exceeds the predetermined reference value, and applying a surface treatment on the electrophotographic photosensitive member if the density difference exceeds the predetermined reference value. 2. A method for controlling an electrophotographic apparatus, the electrophotographic apparatus including:
a charging unit configured to charge an electrophotographic photosensitive member, an exposure unit configured to form a latent image on the charged electrophotographic photosensitive member, a development unit configured to develop the latent image with toner to form a toner image, and a measurement unit configured to measure a density of the toner image, the method for controlling the electrophotographic apparatus comprising: forming two types of test images by performing first halftone processing and second halftone processing on image data having a predetermined image density, measuring densities of the two types of test images, calculating a density difference between the two types of test images, determining whether the density difference is equal to or smaller than a predetermined reference value or exceeds the predetermined reference value, and applying a surface treatment on the electrophotographic photosensitive member if the density difference exceeds the predetermined reference value, during a non-image formation period. 3. The method for controlling the electrophotographic apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first halftone processing and the second halftone processing are dither processing procedures corresponding to different resolutions. 4. The method for controlling the electrophotographic apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the first halftone processing is dither processing corresponding to a higher resolution than dither processing used during an image formation period. 5. The method for controlling the electrophotographic apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first halftone processing is error diffusion processing, and the second halftone processing is dither processing. 6. The method for controlling the electrophotographic apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the density of the image data having the predetermined image density is lower than 50%. 7. The method for controlling the electrophotographic apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the surface treatment is a treatment for removing an attached substance on a surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member, or a treatment for oxidizing the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member. 8. The method for controlling the electrophotographic apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member is made of hydrogenated amorphous carbon or hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide. 9. The method for controlling the electrophotographic apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein a surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member is made of hydrogenated amorphous carbon or hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide, wherein an average value of a ratio of the number of carbon atoms (C) to a sum of the number of carbon atoms (C) and the number of silicon atoms (Si) (C/(C+Si)) of the surface layer is 0.90 or higher, wherein an average value of a ratio of the number of hydrogen atoms (H) to a sum of the number of hydrogen atoms (H), the number of carbon atoms (C), and the number of silicon atoms (Si) (H/(H+C+Si)) of the surface layer is 0.40 or lower, and wherein the surface treatment of the electrophotographic photosensitive member is a treatment for oxidizing an outermost surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member by providing a negative charge to a surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member. 10. A method for controlling an electrophotographic apparatus, the electrophotographic apparatus including:
a charging unit configured to charge an electrophotographic photosensitive member, an exposure unit configured to form a latent image on the charged electrophotographic photosensitive member, a development unit configured to develop the latent image with toner to form a toner image, and a measurement unit configured to measure a density of the toner image, the method for controlling the electrophotographic apparatus comprising: forming a plurality of test images by performing predetermined halftone processing on pieces of image data having a plurality of image densities, measuring densities of the plurality of test images, calculating linearity between the image data having the image density and the density, determining whether the linearity is lower than a predetermined reference value or equal to or higher than the predetermined reference value, and applying a surface treatment on the electrophotographic photosensitive member if the linearity is lower than the predetermined reference value during a non-image formation period. 11. The method for controlling the electrophotographic apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the predetermined halftone processing is dither processing corresponding to a higher resolution than dither processing used during an image formation period. 12. The method for controlling the electrophotographic apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the predetermined halftone processing is error diffusion processing. 13. The method for controlling the electrophotographic apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the densities of the pieces of image data having the plurality of image densities are lower than 50%. | 3,600 |
340,064 | 16,801,039 | 3,631 | A process is provided for independently hashing and filtering a data set, such as during preprocessing. For the data set, one or more records, separately having one or more fields, may be identified. A record hash value set, containing one or more record hash values for the respective one or more records, may be generated. Generating a given record hash value may be accomplished as follows. For a given record, a hash value set may be generated, having one or more field hash values for the respective one or more fields of the given record. The record hash value for the given record may be generated based on the hash value set. A total hash value for the data set may be generated based on the record hash value set. The records of the data set may be filtered based on classification of the query that generated the records. | 1. A method for independently hashing a data set, the method comprising:
in the data set, identifying one or more first data groups of a first grouping respectively having one or more second data groups of a second grouping; generating a first grouping hash value set comprising one or more first data group hash values for the one or more first data groups respectively, wherein generating a given first data group hash value comprises:
for a given first data group, generating a second data group hash value set comprising one or more second data group hash values for respective one or more second data groups of the given first data group; and
generating the given first data group hash value for the given first data group based on the second data group hash value set; and
generating a total hash value for the data set based on the first data group hash value set. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more first data groups comprises one or more rows, and the one or more second data groups comprises one or more columns. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more first data groups comprises one or more columns, and the one or more second data groups comprises one or more rows. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein generating a second data group hash value set comprises:
for a given second data group of the one or more second data groups of the given first data group, generating a given second data group field hash value via a hash function. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein generating the given second data group hash value is based on deterministic data of the given second data group and excludes non-deterministic data of the given second data group. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the given first data group hash value comprises:
combining the separate one or more second data group hash values of the second data group hash value set; and hashing the combined one or more second data group hash values via a hashing function. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the total hash value comprises:
combining the separate one or more first data group hash values of the first data group hash value set; and hashing the combined one or more first data group hash values via a hashing function. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
generating a second total hash value for a second data set following the same process as for generating the total hash value for the data set; and comparing the second total hash value to the total hash value to determine equivalency of the second data set to the data set. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the data set comprises the results from a executing a set of queries at a first database system and the second data set comprises the results from executing the set of queries at a second database system, and further wherein the comparing the second total hash value to the total hash value determines if the first database system returns the same results as the second database system for the set of queries. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
providing a report of database system equivalency between the first database system and the second database system based on the compared second total hash value and total hash value. 11. A computing system, the computing system comprising:
a memory; one or more processing units coupled to the memory; and one or more computer readable storage media storing instructions that, when loaded into the memory, cause the one or more processing units to perform operations for:
in a data set, identifying one or more first data groups of a first grouping respectively having one or more second data groups of a second grouping;
generating a first grouping hash value set comprising one or more first data group hash values for the one or more first data groups respectively, wherein generating a given first data group hash value comprises:
for a given first data group, generating a second data group hash value set comprising one or more second data group hash values for respective one or more second data groups of the given first data group, and
generating the given first data group hash value for the given first data group based on the second data group hash value set; and
generating a total hash value for the data set based on the first data group hash value set. 12. The computing system of claim 11, wherein the one or more first data groups comprises one or more rows, and the one or more second data groups comprises one or more columns. 13. The computing system of claim 11, wherein the one or more first data groups comprises one or more columns, and the one or more second data groups comprises one or more rows. 14. The computing system of claim 11, wherein generating a second data group hash value set comprises:
for a given second data group of the one or more second data groups of the given first data group, generating a given second data group field hash value via a hash function; and wherein generating the given second data group hash value is based on deterministic data of the given second data group and excludes non-deterministic data of the given second data group. 15. The computing system of claim 11, wherein generating the given first data group hash value comprises:
combining the separate one or more second data group hash values of the second data group hash value set; and hashing the combined one or more second data group hash values via a hashing function. 16. The computing system of claim 11, wherein generating the total hash value comprises:
combining the separate one or more first data group hash values of the first data group hash value set; and hashing the combined one or more first data group hash values via a hashing function. 17. The computing system of claim 11, the operations further comprising:
generating a second total hash value for a second data set following the same process as for generating the total hash value for the data set; and comparing the second total hash value to the total hash value to determine equivalency of the second data set to the data set. 18. The computing system of claim 17, wherein the data set comprises the results from a executing a set of queries at a first database system and the second data set comprises the results from executing the set of queries at a second database system, and further wherein the comparing the second total hash value to the total hash value determines if the first database system returns the same results as the second database system for the set of queries. 19. The computing system of claim 18, the operations further comprising:
providing a report of database system equivalency between the first database system and the second database system based on the compared second total hash value and total hash value. 20. One or more computer-readable comprising:
computer-executable instructions that, when executed, cause a computing device to, in a data set, identify one or more first data groups of a first grouping respectively having one or more second data groups of a second grouping; computer-executable instructions that, when executed, cause a computing device to generate a first grouping hash value set comprising one or more first data group hash values for the one or more first data groups respectively, wherein generating a given first data group hash value comprises: computer-executable instructions that, when executed, cause a computing device to, for a given first data group, generate a second data group hash value set comprising one or more second data group hash values for respective one or more second data groups of the given first data group, and computer-executable instructions that, when executed, cause a computing device to generate the given first data group hash value for the given first data group based on the second data group hash value set; and computer-executable instructions that, when executed, cause a computing device to generate a total hash value for the data set based on the first data group hash value set. | A process is provided for independently hashing and filtering a data set, such as during preprocessing. For the data set, one or more records, separately having one or more fields, may be identified. A record hash value set, containing one or more record hash values for the respective one or more records, may be generated. Generating a given record hash value may be accomplished as follows. For a given record, a hash value set may be generated, having one or more field hash values for the respective one or more fields of the given record. The record hash value for the given record may be generated based on the hash value set. A total hash value for the data set may be generated based on the record hash value set. The records of the data set may be filtered based on classification of the query that generated the records.1. A method for independently hashing a data set, the method comprising:
in the data set, identifying one or more first data groups of a first grouping respectively having one or more second data groups of a second grouping; generating a first grouping hash value set comprising one or more first data group hash values for the one or more first data groups respectively, wherein generating a given first data group hash value comprises:
for a given first data group, generating a second data group hash value set comprising one or more second data group hash values for respective one or more second data groups of the given first data group; and
generating the given first data group hash value for the given first data group based on the second data group hash value set; and
generating a total hash value for the data set based on the first data group hash value set. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more first data groups comprises one or more rows, and the one or more second data groups comprises one or more columns. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more first data groups comprises one or more columns, and the one or more second data groups comprises one or more rows. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein generating a second data group hash value set comprises:
for a given second data group of the one or more second data groups of the given first data group, generating a given second data group field hash value via a hash function. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein generating the given second data group hash value is based on deterministic data of the given second data group and excludes non-deterministic data of the given second data group. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the given first data group hash value comprises:
combining the separate one or more second data group hash values of the second data group hash value set; and hashing the combined one or more second data group hash values via a hashing function. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the total hash value comprises:
combining the separate one or more first data group hash values of the first data group hash value set; and hashing the combined one or more first data group hash values via a hashing function. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
generating a second total hash value for a second data set following the same process as for generating the total hash value for the data set; and comparing the second total hash value to the total hash value to determine equivalency of the second data set to the data set. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the data set comprises the results from a executing a set of queries at a first database system and the second data set comprises the results from executing the set of queries at a second database system, and further wherein the comparing the second total hash value to the total hash value determines if the first database system returns the same results as the second database system for the set of queries. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
providing a report of database system equivalency between the first database system and the second database system based on the compared second total hash value and total hash value. 11. A computing system, the computing system comprising:
a memory; one or more processing units coupled to the memory; and one or more computer readable storage media storing instructions that, when loaded into the memory, cause the one or more processing units to perform operations for:
in a data set, identifying one or more first data groups of a first grouping respectively having one or more second data groups of a second grouping;
generating a first grouping hash value set comprising one or more first data group hash values for the one or more first data groups respectively, wherein generating a given first data group hash value comprises:
for a given first data group, generating a second data group hash value set comprising one or more second data group hash values for respective one or more second data groups of the given first data group, and
generating the given first data group hash value for the given first data group based on the second data group hash value set; and
generating a total hash value for the data set based on the first data group hash value set. 12. The computing system of claim 11, wherein the one or more first data groups comprises one or more rows, and the one or more second data groups comprises one or more columns. 13. The computing system of claim 11, wherein the one or more first data groups comprises one or more columns, and the one or more second data groups comprises one or more rows. 14. The computing system of claim 11, wherein generating a second data group hash value set comprises:
for a given second data group of the one or more second data groups of the given first data group, generating a given second data group field hash value via a hash function; and wherein generating the given second data group hash value is based on deterministic data of the given second data group and excludes non-deterministic data of the given second data group. 15. The computing system of claim 11, wherein generating the given first data group hash value comprises:
combining the separate one or more second data group hash values of the second data group hash value set; and hashing the combined one or more second data group hash values via a hashing function. 16. The computing system of claim 11, wherein generating the total hash value comprises:
combining the separate one or more first data group hash values of the first data group hash value set; and hashing the combined one or more first data group hash values via a hashing function. 17. The computing system of claim 11, the operations further comprising:
generating a second total hash value for a second data set following the same process as for generating the total hash value for the data set; and comparing the second total hash value to the total hash value to determine equivalency of the second data set to the data set. 18. The computing system of claim 17, wherein the data set comprises the results from a executing a set of queries at a first database system and the second data set comprises the results from executing the set of queries at a second database system, and further wherein the comparing the second total hash value to the total hash value determines if the first database system returns the same results as the second database system for the set of queries. 19. The computing system of claim 18, the operations further comprising:
providing a report of database system equivalency between the first database system and the second database system based on the compared second total hash value and total hash value. 20. One or more computer-readable comprising:
computer-executable instructions that, when executed, cause a computing device to, in a data set, identify one or more first data groups of a first grouping respectively having one or more second data groups of a second grouping; computer-executable instructions that, when executed, cause a computing device to generate a first grouping hash value set comprising one or more first data group hash values for the one or more first data groups respectively, wherein generating a given first data group hash value comprises: computer-executable instructions that, when executed, cause a computing device to, for a given first data group, generate a second data group hash value set comprising one or more second data group hash values for respective one or more second data groups of the given first data group, and computer-executable instructions that, when executed, cause a computing device to generate the given first data group hash value for the given first data group based on the second data group hash value set; and computer-executable instructions that, when executed, cause a computing device to generate a total hash value for the data set based on the first data group hash value set. | 3,600 |
340,065 | 16,801,015 | 2,182 | Techniques for computing matrix operations for arbitrarily large matrices on a finite-sized hybrid analog-digital matrix processor are described. Techniques for gain adjustment in a finite-sized hybrid analog-digital matrix processor are described which enable the system to obtain higher energy efficiencies, greater physical density and improved numerical accuracy. In some embodiments, these techniques enable maximization of the predictive accuracy of a GEMM-based convolutional neural network using low-precision data representations. | 1. A hybrid analog-digital processor configured to perform a mathematical operation, comprising:
circuitry comprising an analog processor and an analog scaling unit, wherein the circuitry is configured to:
generate a plurality of input analog signals based on an input data set;
set a gain of the analog scaling unit based on one or more scaling factors;
program the analog processor with a set of parameters representing a matrix;
generate a plurality of output analog signals based on the plurality of input analog signals and the set of parameters;
generate a plurality of amplified or attenuated output analog signals by amplifying or attenuating, using the analog scaling unit, the plurality of input analog signals and/or the plurality of output analog signals; and
generate an output data set based on the plurality of amplified or attenuated output analog signals. 2. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 1, wherein the hybrid analog-digital processor is further configured to perform a multi-pass computation based on the mathematical operation, wherein the circuitry is further configured to:
set the gain of the analog scaling unit to a first value during a first pass of the multi-pass computation; and set the gain of the analog scaling unit to a second value, different from the first value, during a second pass of the multi-pass computation. 3. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 1, wherein generating a plurality of output analog signals based on the plurality of input analog signals and the set of parameters comprises performing a matrix-matrix multiplication based on the plurality of input analog signals and the set of parameters. 4. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 1, wherein generating a plurality of output analog signals based on the plurality of input analog signals and the set of parameters comprises performing a convolution based on the plurality of input analog signals and the set of parameters. 5. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 1, wherein the circuitry comprises a plurality of analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), and the plurality of ADCs are configured to generate the output data set based on the plurality of output analog signals, wherein the plurality of ADCs comprise n-bit ADCs, with n equal to or less than 12. 6. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 1, wherein programming the analog processor comprises:
programming, based on the set of parameters, the analog processor with a plurality of matrices that, collectively, represent an arbitrary matrix. 7. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 6, wherein programming the analog processor with a plurality of matrices comprises:
programming, based on the set of parameters, the analog processor with a plurality of matrices that, collectively, represent the arbitrary matrix based on a singular value decomposition (SVD) of the arbitrary matrix. 8. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 1, wherein the circuitry is further configured to determine the one or more scaling factors based on the set of parameters and the input data set. 9. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 8, wherein determining the one or more scaling factors comprises determining the one or more scaling factors based on statistical bounds on the set of parameters and statistical bounds on the input data set. 10. A method for performing a mathematical operation, the method comprising:
generating a plurality of input analog signals based on an input data set; setting a gain of an analog scaling unit based on one or more scaling factors; programming an analog processor with a set of parameters representing a matrix; generating a plurality of output analog signals based on the plurality of input analog signals and the set of parameters; generating a plurality of amplified or attenuated output analog signals by amplifying or attenuating, using the analog scaling unit, the plurality of input analog signals and/or the plurality of output analog signals; and generating an output data set based on the plurality of amplified or attenuated output analog signals. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the hybrid analog-digital processor is further configured to perform a multi-pass computation based on the mathematical operation, wherein the circuitry is further configured to:
set the gain of the analog scaling unit to a first value during a first pass of the multi-pass computation; and set the gain of the analog scaling unit to a second value, different from the first value, during a second pass of the multi-pass computation. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein generating a plurality of output analog signals based on the plurality of input analog signals and the set of parameters comprises performing a matrix-matrix multiplication based on the plurality of input analog signals and the set of parameters. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein generating a plurality of output analog signals based on the plurality of input analog signals and the set of parameters comprises performing a convolution based on the plurality of input analog signals and the set of parameters. 14. The method of claim 10, wherein programming the analog processor comprises:
programming, based on the set of parameters, the analog processor with a plurality of matrices that, collectively, represent an arbitrary matrix. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein programming the analog processor with a plurality of matrices comprises:
programming, based on the set of parameters, the analog processor with a plurality of matrices that, collectively, represent the arbitrary matrix based on a singular value decomposition (SVD) of the arbitrary matrix. 16. The method of claim 10, further comprising determining the one or more scaling factors based on the set of parameters and the input data set. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein determining the one or more scaling factors comprises determining the one or more scaling factors based on statistical bounds on the set of parameters and statistical bounds on the input data set. 18. A hybrid analog-digital processor configured to perform a mathematical operation, comprising:
circuitry comprising a photonic processor and at least one amplifier, wherein the circuitry is configured to:
generate a plurality of input optical signals based on an input data set;
set a gain of the at least one amplifier based on one or more scaling factors;
program the photonic processor with a set of parameters representing a matrix;
generate a plurality of output optical signals based on the plurality of input optical signals and the set of parameters;
generate a plurality of output analog signals based on the plurality of output optical signals;
generate a plurality of amplified output signals by amplifying, using the at least one amplifier, at least one among:
the plurality of input optical signals,
the plurality of output optical signals, and
the plurality of output analog signals; and
generate an output data set based on the plurality of amplified output signals. 19. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 18, wherein the at least one amplifier comprises an optical amplifier and an electronic amplifier, wherein amplifying, using the at least one amplifier, at least one among the plurality of input optical signals, the plurality of output optical signals and the plurality of output analog signals comprises:
amplifying the plurality of input optical signals with the optical amplifier; and amplifying the plurality of output analog signals with the electronic amplifier. 20. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 18, wherein the at least one amplifier comprises a laser, and wherein setting the gain of the amplifier comprises setting a gain of the laser. 21. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 18, wherein the hybrid analog-digital processor is further configured to perform a multi-pass computation based on the mathematical operation, wherein the circuitry is further configured to:
set the gain of the at least one amplifier to a first value during a first pass of the multi-pass computation; and set the gain of the at least one amplifier to a second value, different from the first value, during a second pass of the multi-pass computation. 22. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 18, wherein generating a plurality of output analog signals based on the plurality of input analog signals and the set of parameters comprises performing a matrix-matrix multiplication based on the plurality of input analog signals and the set of parameters. 23. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 18, wherein generating a plurality of output analog signals based on the plurality of input analog signals and the set of parameters comprises performing a convolution based on the plurality of input analog signals and the set of parameters. 24. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 18, wherein the photonic processor comprises a plurality of optical resonators. 25. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 18, wherein the photonic processor comprises:
a first array of interconnected variable beam splitters (VBSs) comprising a first plurality of optical inputs and a first plurality of optical outputs; a second array of interconnected VBSs comprising a second plurality of optical inputs and a second plurality of optical outputs; and a plurality of controllable optical elements, each of the plurality of these controllable optical elements coupling a single one of the first plurality of optical outputs of the first array to a respective single one of the second plurality of optical inputs of the second array. 26. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 18, wherein programming the analog processor comprises:
programming, based on the set of parameters, the analog processor with a plurality of matrices that, collectively, represent an arbitrary matrix. 27. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 26, wherein programming the analog processor with a plurality of matrices comprises:
programming, based on the set of parameters, the analog processor with a plurality of matrices that, collectively, represent the arbitrary matrix based on a singular value decomposition (SVD) of the arbitrary matrix. 28. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 26, wherein programming the analog processor with a plurality of matrices comprises:
programming, based on the scaled set of parameters, the analog processor with a plurality of matrices that, collectively, represent the arbitrary matrix based on a dilation of the arbitrary matrix. 29. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 18, wherein the circuitry is further configured to determine the one or more scaling factors based on the set of parameters and the input data set. 30. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 29, wherein determining the one or more scaling factors comprises determining the one or more scaling factors based on statistical bounds on the set of parameters and statistical bounds on the input data set. | Techniques for computing matrix operations for arbitrarily large matrices on a finite-sized hybrid analog-digital matrix processor are described. Techniques for gain adjustment in a finite-sized hybrid analog-digital matrix processor are described which enable the system to obtain higher energy efficiencies, greater physical density and improved numerical accuracy. In some embodiments, these techniques enable maximization of the predictive accuracy of a GEMM-based convolutional neural network using low-precision data representations.1. A hybrid analog-digital processor configured to perform a mathematical operation, comprising:
circuitry comprising an analog processor and an analog scaling unit, wherein the circuitry is configured to:
generate a plurality of input analog signals based on an input data set;
set a gain of the analog scaling unit based on one or more scaling factors;
program the analog processor with a set of parameters representing a matrix;
generate a plurality of output analog signals based on the plurality of input analog signals and the set of parameters;
generate a plurality of amplified or attenuated output analog signals by amplifying or attenuating, using the analog scaling unit, the plurality of input analog signals and/or the plurality of output analog signals; and
generate an output data set based on the plurality of amplified or attenuated output analog signals. 2. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 1, wherein the hybrid analog-digital processor is further configured to perform a multi-pass computation based on the mathematical operation, wherein the circuitry is further configured to:
set the gain of the analog scaling unit to a first value during a first pass of the multi-pass computation; and set the gain of the analog scaling unit to a second value, different from the first value, during a second pass of the multi-pass computation. 3. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 1, wherein generating a plurality of output analog signals based on the plurality of input analog signals and the set of parameters comprises performing a matrix-matrix multiplication based on the plurality of input analog signals and the set of parameters. 4. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 1, wherein generating a plurality of output analog signals based on the plurality of input analog signals and the set of parameters comprises performing a convolution based on the plurality of input analog signals and the set of parameters. 5. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 1, wherein the circuitry comprises a plurality of analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), and the plurality of ADCs are configured to generate the output data set based on the plurality of output analog signals, wherein the plurality of ADCs comprise n-bit ADCs, with n equal to or less than 12. 6. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 1, wherein programming the analog processor comprises:
programming, based on the set of parameters, the analog processor with a plurality of matrices that, collectively, represent an arbitrary matrix. 7. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 6, wherein programming the analog processor with a plurality of matrices comprises:
programming, based on the set of parameters, the analog processor with a plurality of matrices that, collectively, represent the arbitrary matrix based on a singular value decomposition (SVD) of the arbitrary matrix. 8. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 1, wherein the circuitry is further configured to determine the one or more scaling factors based on the set of parameters and the input data set. 9. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 8, wherein determining the one or more scaling factors comprises determining the one or more scaling factors based on statistical bounds on the set of parameters and statistical bounds on the input data set. 10. A method for performing a mathematical operation, the method comprising:
generating a plurality of input analog signals based on an input data set; setting a gain of an analog scaling unit based on one or more scaling factors; programming an analog processor with a set of parameters representing a matrix; generating a plurality of output analog signals based on the plurality of input analog signals and the set of parameters; generating a plurality of amplified or attenuated output analog signals by amplifying or attenuating, using the analog scaling unit, the plurality of input analog signals and/or the plurality of output analog signals; and generating an output data set based on the plurality of amplified or attenuated output analog signals. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the hybrid analog-digital processor is further configured to perform a multi-pass computation based on the mathematical operation, wherein the circuitry is further configured to:
set the gain of the analog scaling unit to a first value during a first pass of the multi-pass computation; and set the gain of the analog scaling unit to a second value, different from the first value, during a second pass of the multi-pass computation. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein generating a plurality of output analog signals based on the plurality of input analog signals and the set of parameters comprises performing a matrix-matrix multiplication based on the plurality of input analog signals and the set of parameters. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein generating a plurality of output analog signals based on the plurality of input analog signals and the set of parameters comprises performing a convolution based on the plurality of input analog signals and the set of parameters. 14. The method of claim 10, wherein programming the analog processor comprises:
programming, based on the set of parameters, the analog processor with a plurality of matrices that, collectively, represent an arbitrary matrix. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein programming the analog processor with a plurality of matrices comprises:
programming, based on the set of parameters, the analog processor with a plurality of matrices that, collectively, represent the arbitrary matrix based on a singular value decomposition (SVD) of the arbitrary matrix. 16. The method of claim 10, further comprising determining the one or more scaling factors based on the set of parameters and the input data set. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein determining the one or more scaling factors comprises determining the one or more scaling factors based on statistical bounds on the set of parameters and statistical bounds on the input data set. 18. A hybrid analog-digital processor configured to perform a mathematical operation, comprising:
circuitry comprising a photonic processor and at least one amplifier, wherein the circuitry is configured to:
generate a plurality of input optical signals based on an input data set;
set a gain of the at least one amplifier based on one or more scaling factors;
program the photonic processor with a set of parameters representing a matrix;
generate a plurality of output optical signals based on the plurality of input optical signals and the set of parameters;
generate a plurality of output analog signals based on the plurality of output optical signals;
generate a plurality of amplified output signals by amplifying, using the at least one amplifier, at least one among:
the plurality of input optical signals,
the plurality of output optical signals, and
the plurality of output analog signals; and
generate an output data set based on the plurality of amplified output signals. 19. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 18, wherein the at least one amplifier comprises an optical amplifier and an electronic amplifier, wherein amplifying, using the at least one amplifier, at least one among the plurality of input optical signals, the plurality of output optical signals and the plurality of output analog signals comprises:
amplifying the plurality of input optical signals with the optical amplifier; and amplifying the plurality of output analog signals with the electronic amplifier. 20. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 18, wherein the at least one amplifier comprises a laser, and wherein setting the gain of the amplifier comprises setting a gain of the laser. 21. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 18, wherein the hybrid analog-digital processor is further configured to perform a multi-pass computation based on the mathematical operation, wherein the circuitry is further configured to:
set the gain of the at least one amplifier to a first value during a first pass of the multi-pass computation; and set the gain of the at least one amplifier to a second value, different from the first value, during a second pass of the multi-pass computation. 22. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 18, wherein generating a plurality of output analog signals based on the plurality of input analog signals and the set of parameters comprises performing a matrix-matrix multiplication based on the plurality of input analog signals and the set of parameters. 23. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 18, wherein generating a plurality of output analog signals based on the plurality of input analog signals and the set of parameters comprises performing a convolution based on the plurality of input analog signals and the set of parameters. 24. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 18, wherein the photonic processor comprises a plurality of optical resonators. 25. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 18, wherein the photonic processor comprises:
a first array of interconnected variable beam splitters (VBSs) comprising a first plurality of optical inputs and a first plurality of optical outputs; a second array of interconnected VBSs comprising a second plurality of optical inputs and a second plurality of optical outputs; and a plurality of controllable optical elements, each of the plurality of these controllable optical elements coupling a single one of the first plurality of optical outputs of the first array to a respective single one of the second plurality of optical inputs of the second array. 26. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 18, wherein programming the analog processor comprises:
programming, based on the set of parameters, the analog processor with a plurality of matrices that, collectively, represent an arbitrary matrix. 27. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 26, wherein programming the analog processor with a plurality of matrices comprises:
programming, based on the set of parameters, the analog processor with a plurality of matrices that, collectively, represent the arbitrary matrix based on a singular value decomposition (SVD) of the arbitrary matrix. 28. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 26, wherein programming the analog processor with a plurality of matrices comprises:
programming, based on the scaled set of parameters, the analog processor with a plurality of matrices that, collectively, represent the arbitrary matrix based on a dilation of the arbitrary matrix. 29. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 18, wherein the circuitry is further configured to determine the one or more scaling factors based on the set of parameters and the input data set. 30. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 29, wherein determining the one or more scaling factors comprises determining the one or more scaling factors based on statistical bounds on the set of parameters and statistical bounds on the input data set. | 2,100 |
340,066 | 16,801,052 | 2,182 | Techniques for computing matrix operations for arbitrarily large matrices on a finite-sized hybrid analog-digital matrix processor are described. Techniques for gain adjustment in a finite-sized hybrid analog-digital matrix processor are described which enable the system to obtain higher energy efficiencies, greater physical density and improved numerical accuracy. In some embodiments, these techniques enable maximization of the predictive accuracy of a GEMM-based convolutional neural network using low-precision data representations. | 1. A hybrid analog-digital processor configured to perform a mathematical operation, comprising:
circuitry comprising an analog processor and an analog scaling unit, wherein the circuitry is configured to:
generate a plurality of input analog signals based on an input data set;
set a gain of the analog scaling unit based on one or more scaling factors;
program the analog processor with a set of parameters representing a matrix;
generate a plurality of output analog signals based on the plurality of input analog signals and the set of parameters;
generate a plurality of amplified or attenuated output analog signals by amplifying or attenuating, using the analog scaling unit, the plurality of input analog signals and/or the plurality of output analog signals; and
generate an output data set based on the plurality of amplified or attenuated output analog signals. 2. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 1, wherein the hybrid analog-digital processor is further configured to perform a multi-pass computation based on the mathematical operation, wherein the circuitry is further configured to:
set the gain of the analog scaling unit to a first value during a first pass of the multi-pass computation; and set the gain of the analog scaling unit to a second value, different from the first value, during a second pass of the multi-pass computation. 3. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 1, wherein generating a plurality of output analog signals based on the plurality of input analog signals and the set of parameters comprises performing a matrix-matrix multiplication based on the plurality of input analog signals and the set of parameters. 4. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 1, wherein generating a plurality of output analog signals based on the plurality of input analog signals and the set of parameters comprises performing a convolution based on the plurality of input analog signals and the set of parameters. 5. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 1, wherein the circuitry comprises a plurality of analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), and the plurality of ADCs are configured to generate the output data set based on the plurality of output analog signals, wherein the plurality of ADCs comprise n-bit ADCs, with n equal to or less than 12. 6. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 1, wherein programming the analog processor comprises:
programming, based on the set of parameters, the analog processor with a plurality of matrices that, collectively, represent an arbitrary matrix. 7. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 6, wherein programming the analog processor with a plurality of matrices comprises:
programming, based on the set of parameters, the analog processor with a plurality of matrices that, collectively, represent the arbitrary matrix based on a singular value decomposition (SVD) of the arbitrary matrix. 8. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 1, wherein the circuitry is further configured to determine the one or more scaling factors based on the set of parameters and the input data set. 9. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 8, wherein determining the one or more scaling factors comprises determining the one or more scaling factors based on statistical bounds on the set of parameters and statistical bounds on the input data set. 10. A method for performing a mathematical operation, the method comprising:
generating a plurality of input analog signals based on an input data set; setting a gain of an analog scaling unit based on one or more scaling factors; programming an analog processor with a set of parameters representing a matrix; generating a plurality of output analog signals based on the plurality of input analog signals and the set of parameters; generating a plurality of amplified or attenuated output analog signals by amplifying or attenuating, using the analog scaling unit, the plurality of input analog signals and/or the plurality of output analog signals; and generating an output data set based on the plurality of amplified or attenuated output analog signals. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the hybrid analog-digital processor is further configured to perform a multi-pass computation based on the mathematical operation, wherein the circuitry is further configured to:
set the gain of the analog scaling unit to a first value during a first pass of the multi-pass computation; and set the gain of the analog scaling unit to a second value, different from the first value, during a second pass of the multi-pass computation. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein generating a plurality of output analog signals based on the plurality of input analog signals and the set of parameters comprises performing a matrix-matrix multiplication based on the plurality of input analog signals and the set of parameters. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein generating a plurality of output analog signals based on the plurality of input analog signals and the set of parameters comprises performing a convolution based on the plurality of input analog signals and the set of parameters. 14. The method of claim 10, wherein programming the analog processor comprises:
programming, based on the set of parameters, the analog processor with a plurality of matrices that, collectively, represent an arbitrary matrix. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein programming the analog processor with a plurality of matrices comprises:
programming, based on the set of parameters, the analog processor with a plurality of matrices that, collectively, represent the arbitrary matrix based on a singular value decomposition (SVD) of the arbitrary matrix. 16. The method of claim 10, further comprising determining the one or more scaling factors based on the set of parameters and the input data set. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein determining the one or more scaling factors comprises determining the one or more scaling factors based on statistical bounds on the set of parameters and statistical bounds on the input data set. 18. A hybrid analog-digital processor configured to perform a mathematical operation, comprising:
circuitry comprising a photonic processor and at least one amplifier, wherein the circuitry is configured to:
generate a plurality of input optical signals based on an input data set;
set a gain of the at least one amplifier based on one or more scaling factors;
program the photonic processor with a set of parameters representing a matrix;
generate a plurality of output optical signals based on the plurality of input optical signals and the set of parameters;
generate a plurality of output analog signals based on the plurality of output optical signals;
generate a plurality of amplified output signals by amplifying, using the at least one amplifier, at least one among:
the plurality of input optical signals,
the plurality of output optical signals, and
the plurality of output analog signals; and
generate an output data set based on the plurality of amplified output signals. 19. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 18, wherein the at least one amplifier comprises an optical amplifier and an electronic amplifier, wherein amplifying, using the at least one amplifier, at least one among the plurality of input optical signals, the plurality of output optical signals and the plurality of output analog signals comprises:
amplifying the plurality of input optical signals with the optical amplifier; and amplifying the plurality of output analog signals with the electronic amplifier. 20. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 18, wherein the at least one amplifier comprises a laser, and wherein setting the gain of the amplifier comprises setting a gain of the laser. 21. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 18, wherein the hybrid analog-digital processor is further configured to perform a multi-pass computation based on the mathematical operation, wherein the circuitry is further configured to:
set the gain of the at least one amplifier to a first value during a first pass of the multi-pass computation; and set the gain of the at least one amplifier to a second value, different from the first value, during a second pass of the multi-pass computation. 22. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 18, wherein generating a plurality of output analog signals based on the plurality of input analog signals and the set of parameters comprises performing a matrix-matrix multiplication based on the plurality of input analog signals and the set of parameters. 23. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 18, wherein generating a plurality of output analog signals based on the plurality of input analog signals and the set of parameters comprises performing a convolution based on the plurality of input analog signals and the set of parameters. 24. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 18, wherein the photonic processor comprises a plurality of optical resonators. 25. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 18, wherein the photonic processor comprises:
a first array of interconnected variable beam splitters (VBSs) comprising a first plurality of optical inputs and a first plurality of optical outputs; a second array of interconnected VBSs comprising a second plurality of optical inputs and a second plurality of optical outputs; and a plurality of controllable optical elements, each of the plurality of these controllable optical elements coupling a single one of the first plurality of optical outputs of the first array to a respective single one of the second plurality of optical inputs of the second array. 26. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 18, wherein programming the analog processor comprises:
programming, based on the set of parameters, the analog processor with a plurality of matrices that, collectively, represent an arbitrary matrix. 27. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 26, wherein programming the analog processor with a plurality of matrices comprises:
programming, based on the set of parameters, the analog processor with a plurality of matrices that, collectively, represent the arbitrary matrix based on a singular value decomposition (SVD) of the arbitrary matrix. 28. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 26, wherein programming the analog processor with a plurality of matrices comprises:
programming, based on the scaled set of parameters, the analog processor with a plurality of matrices that, collectively, represent the arbitrary matrix based on a dilation of the arbitrary matrix. 29. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 18, wherein the circuitry is further configured to determine the one or more scaling factors based on the set of parameters and the input data set. 30. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 29, wherein determining the one or more scaling factors comprises determining the one or more scaling factors based on statistical bounds on the set of parameters and statistical bounds on the input data set. | Techniques for computing matrix operations for arbitrarily large matrices on a finite-sized hybrid analog-digital matrix processor are described. Techniques for gain adjustment in a finite-sized hybrid analog-digital matrix processor are described which enable the system to obtain higher energy efficiencies, greater physical density and improved numerical accuracy. In some embodiments, these techniques enable maximization of the predictive accuracy of a GEMM-based convolutional neural network using low-precision data representations.1. A hybrid analog-digital processor configured to perform a mathematical operation, comprising:
circuitry comprising an analog processor and an analog scaling unit, wherein the circuitry is configured to:
generate a plurality of input analog signals based on an input data set;
set a gain of the analog scaling unit based on one or more scaling factors;
program the analog processor with a set of parameters representing a matrix;
generate a plurality of output analog signals based on the plurality of input analog signals and the set of parameters;
generate a plurality of amplified or attenuated output analog signals by amplifying or attenuating, using the analog scaling unit, the plurality of input analog signals and/or the plurality of output analog signals; and
generate an output data set based on the plurality of amplified or attenuated output analog signals. 2. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 1, wherein the hybrid analog-digital processor is further configured to perform a multi-pass computation based on the mathematical operation, wherein the circuitry is further configured to:
set the gain of the analog scaling unit to a first value during a first pass of the multi-pass computation; and set the gain of the analog scaling unit to a second value, different from the first value, during a second pass of the multi-pass computation. 3. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 1, wherein generating a plurality of output analog signals based on the plurality of input analog signals and the set of parameters comprises performing a matrix-matrix multiplication based on the plurality of input analog signals and the set of parameters. 4. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 1, wherein generating a plurality of output analog signals based on the plurality of input analog signals and the set of parameters comprises performing a convolution based on the plurality of input analog signals and the set of parameters. 5. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 1, wherein the circuitry comprises a plurality of analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), and the plurality of ADCs are configured to generate the output data set based on the plurality of output analog signals, wherein the plurality of ADCs comprise n-bit ADCs, with n equal to or less than 12. 6. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 1, wherein programming the analog processor comprises:
programming, based on the set of parameters, the analog processor with a plurality of matrices that, collectively, represent an arbitrary matrix. 7. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 6, wherein programming the analog processor with a plurality of matrices comprises:
programming, based on the set of parameters, the analog processor with a plurality of matrices that, collectively, represent the arbitrary matrix based on a singular value decomposition (SVD) of the arbitrary matrix. 8. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 1, wherein the circuitry is further configured to determine the one or more scaling factors based on the set of parameters and the input data set. 9. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 8, wherein determining the one or more scaling factors comprises determining the one or more scaling factors based on statistical bounds on the set of parameters and statistical bounds on the input data set. 10. A method for performing a mathematical operation, the method comprising:
generating a plurality of input analog signals based on an input data set; setting a gain of an analog scaling unit based on one or more scaling factors; programming an analog processor with a set of parameters representing a matrix; generating a plurality of output analog signals based on the plurality of input analog signals and the set of parameters; generating a plurality of amplified or attenuated output analog signals by amplifying or attenuating, using the analog scaling unit, the plurality of input analog signals and/or the plurality of output analog signals; and generating an output data set based on the plurality of amplified or attenuated output analog signals. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the hybrid analog-digital processor is further configured to perform a multi-pass computation based on the mathematical operation, wherein the circuitry is further configured to:
set the gain of the analog scaling unit to a first value during a first pass of the multi-pass computation; and set the gain of the analog scaling unit to a second value, different from the first value, during a second pass of the multi-pass computation. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein generating a plurality of output analog signals based on the plurality of input analog signals and the set of parameters comprises performing a matrix-matrix multiplication based on the plurality of input analog signals and the set of parameters. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein generating a plurality of output analog signals based on the plurality of input analog signals and the set of parameters comprises performing a convolution based on the plurality of input analog signals and the set of parameters. 14. The method of claim 10, wherein programming the analog processor comprises:
programming, based on the set of parameters, the analog processor with a plurality of matrices that, collectively, represent an arbitrary matrix. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein programming the analog processor with a plurality of matrices comprises:
programming, based on the set of parameters, the analog processor with a plurality of matrices that, collectively, represent the arbitrary matrix based on a singular value decomposition (SVD) of the arbitrary matrix. 16. The method of claim 10, further comprising determining the one or more scaling factors based on the set of parameters and the input data set. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein determining the one or more scaling factors comprises determining the one or more scaling factors based on statistical bounds on the set of parameters and statistical bounds on the input data set. 18. A hybrid analog-digital processor configured to perform a mathematical operation, comprising:
circuitry comprising a photonic processor and at least one amplifier, wherein the circuitry is configured to:
generate a plurality of input optical signals based on an input data set;
set a gain of the at least one amplifier based on one or more scaling factors;
program the photonic processor with a set of parameters representing a matrix;
generate a plurality of output optical signals based on the plurality of input optical signals and the set of parameters;
generate a plurality of output analog signals based on the plurality of output optical signals;
generate a plurality of amplified output signals by amplifying, using the at least one amplifier, at least one among:
the plurality of input optical signals,
the plurality of output optical signals, and
the plurality of output analog signals; and
generate an output data set based on the plurality of amplified output signals. 19. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 18, wherein the at least one amplifier comprises an optical amplifier and an electronic amplifier, wherein amplifying, using the at least one amplifier, at least one among the plurality of input optical signals, the plurality of output optical signals and the plurality of output analog signals comprises:
amplifying the plurality of input optical signals with the optical amplifier; and amplifying the plurality of output analog signals with the electronic amplifier. 20. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 18, wherein the at least one amplifier comprises a laser, and wherein setting the gain of the amplifier comprises setting a gain of the laser. 21. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 18, wherein the hybrid analog-digital processor is further configured to perform a multi-pass computation based on the mathematical operation, wherein the circuitry is further configured to:
set the gain of the at least one amplifier to a first value during a first pass of the multi-pass computation; and set the gain of the at least one amplifier to a second value, different from the first value, during a second pass of the multi-pass computation. 22. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 18, wherein generating a plurality of output analog signals based on the plurality of input analog signals and the set of parameters comprises performing a matrix-matrix multiplication based on the plurality of input analog signals and the set of parameters. 23. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 18, wherein generating a plurality of output analog signals based on the plurality of input analog signals and the set of parameters comprises performing a convolution based on the plurality of input analog signals and the set of parameters. 24. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 18, wherein the photonic processor comprises a plurality of optical resonators. 25. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 18, wherein the photonic processor comprises:
a first array of interconnected variable beam splitters (VBSs) comprising a first plurality of optical inputs and a first plurality of optical outputs; a second array of interconnected VBSs comprising a second plurality of optical inputs and a second plurality of optical outputs; and a plurality of controllable optical elements, each of the plurality of these controllable optical elements coupling a single one of the first plurality of optical outputs of the first array to a respective single one of the second plurality of optical inputs of the second array. 26. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 18, wherein programming the analog processor comprises:
programming, based on the set of parameters, the analog processor with a plurality of matrices that, collectively, represent an arbitrary matrix. 27. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 26, wherein programming the analog processor with a plurality of matrices comprises:
programming, based on the set of parameters, the analog processor with a plurality of matrices that, collectively, represent the arbitrary matrix based on a singular value decomposition (SVD) of the arbitrary matrix. 28. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 26, wherein programming the analog processor with a plurality of matrices comprises:
programming, based on the scaled set of parameters, the analog processor with a plurality of matrices that, collectively, represent the arbitrary matrix based on a dilation of the arbitrary matrix. 29. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 18, wherein the circuitry is further configured to determine the one or more scaling factors based on the set of parameters and the input data set. 30. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 29, wherein determining the one or more scaling factors comprises determining the one or more scaling factors based on statistical bounds on the set of parameters and statistical bounds on the input data set. | 2,100 |
340,067 | 16,801,046 | 2,182 | A method and devices for relieving pressure in the left atrium of a patient's heart is disclosed. The method includes using an ablative catheter in a minimally invasive procedure to prepare an opening from the coronary sinus into a left atrium of the patient's heart. Once the opening is prepared, the opening may be enlarged by a technique such as expanding a balloon within the opening. A stent is then placed within the coronary sinus of the patient, with a transverse portion expanding within the opening, allowing blood to flow from the left atrium to the coronary sinus and then to the right atrium. Pressure within the left atrium is thus relieved.. | 1. A stent for use in a patient, comprising:
a plurality of struts; and a plurality of intersections joining the struts to form a stent having a longer cylindrical portion and a shorter cylindrical portion adjacent the longer cylindrical portion and extending beyond the longer cylindrical portion in a direction perpendicular to an axis of the longer cylindrical portion, wherein the longer cylindrical portion is adapted to fit into and bear against a coronary sinus and wherein the shorter portion is adapted to form an opening from the coronary sinus to a left atrium of the patient. 2. The stent according to claim 1, wherein the struts are made from a metal selected from the group consisting of shape memory alloys, nitinol, stainless steel and MP35. 3. The stent according to claim 1, wherein the stem further comprises at least two features with properties selected from the group consisting of radiographic properties and echogenic properties. 4. The stent according to claim 1, further comprising at least one flap attached to the shorter portion, the flap attached and oriented to allow blood to flow only one way, from the left atrium into the coronary sinus. 5. The stent according to claim 1, further comprising at least one flap made from mammalian pericardium attached to the shorter portion, the flap attached and oriented to allow blood to flow only one way, from the left atrium into the coronary sinus. 6. The stent according to claim 1, further comprising a flange on the shorter portion for engaging an atrial wall of the patient. 7. The stent according to claim 1, further comprising a segmented flange on the shorter portion for engaging an atrial wall of the patient. 8. A stent for use in a patient, comprising:
a longer, radially-expanding portion adapted for placement in a coronary sinus of the patient; and a shorter portion adjacent and joined to the longer, radially-expanding portion, the shorter portion extending beyond the longer, radially-expanding portion in a direction perpendicular to an axis of the longer radially-expanding portion, the shorter portion adapted for placement within a left atrium of the patient, wherein the longer, radially-expanding portion is adapted to bear against a wall of the coronary sinus and wherein the shorter portion is adapted to form an opening between the left atrium and the coronary sinus of the patient. 9. The stent of claim 8, wherein the longer or shorter portion comprises radiopaque or echogenic features. 10. The stent of claim 8, wherein the shorter portion is formed from a plurality of struts and intersections joining the struts, and further comprising at least one flap attached to the shorter portion, the flap attached and oriented to allow blood to flow only one way, from the left atrium into the coronary sinus. 11. The stent of claim 10, wherein the at least one flap is attached and oriented so that blood flows from the left atrium into the coronary sinus when a pressure difference across the at least one flap reaches at least 1-10 trim fig. 12. The stent of claim 8, wherein the shorter portion is more flexible the longer portion. | A method and devices for relieving pressure in the left atrium of a patient's heart is disclosed. The method includes using an ablative catheter in a minimally invasive procedure to prepare an opening from the coronary sinus into a left atrium of the patient's heart. Once the opening is prepared, the opening may be enlarged by a technique such as expanding a balloon within the opening. A stent is then placed within the coronary sinus of the patient, with a transverse portion expanding within the opening, allowing blood to flow from the left atrium to the coronary sinus and then to the right atrium. Pressure within the left atrium is thus relieved..1. A stent for use in a patient, comprising:
a plurality of struts; and a plurality of intersections joining the struts to form a stent having a longer cylindrical portion and a shorter cylindrical portion adjacent the longer cylindrical portion and extending beyond the longer cylindrical portion in a direction perpendicular to an axis of the longer cylindrical portion, wherein the longer cylindrical portion is adapted to fit into and bear against a coronary sinus and wherein the shorter portion is adapted to form an opening from the coronary sinus to a left atrium of the patient. 2. The stent according to claim 1, wherein the struts are made from a metal selected from the group consisting of shape memory alloys, nitinol, stainless steel and MP35. 3. The stent according to claim 1, wherein the stem further comprises at least two features with properties selected from the group consisting of radiographic properties and echogenic properties. 4. The stent according to claim 1, further comprising at least one flap attached to the shorter portion, the flap attached and oriented to allow blood to flow only one way, from the left atrium into the coronary sinus. 5. The stent according to claim 1, further comprising at least one flap made from mammalian pericardium attached to the shorter portion, the flap attached and oriented to allow blood to flow only one way, from the left atrium into the coronary sinus. 6. The stent according to claim 1, further comprising a flange on the shorter portion for engaging an atrial wall of the patient. 7. The stent according to claim 1, further comprising a segmented flange on the shorter portion for engaging an atrial wall of the patient. 8. A stent for use in a patient, comprising:
a longer, radially-expanding portion adapted for placement in a coronary sinus of the patient; and a shorter portion adjacent and joined to the longer, radially-expanding portion, the shorter portion extending beyond the longer, radially-expanding portion in a direction perpendicular to an axis of the longer radially-expanding portion, the shorter portion adapted for placement within a left atrium of the patient, wherein the longer, radially-expanding portion is adapted to bear against a wall of the coronary sinus and wherein the shorter portion is adapted to form an opening between the left atrium and the coronary sinus of the patient. 9. The stent of claim 8, wherein the longer or shorter portion comprises radiopaque or echogenic features. 10. The stent of claim 8, wherein the shorter portion is formed from a plurality of struts and intersections joining the struts, and further comprising at least one flap attached to the shorter portion, the flap attached and oriented to allow blood to flow only one way, from the left atrium into the coronary sinus. 11. The stent of claim 10, wherein the at least one flap is attached and oriented so that blood flows from the left atrium into the coronary sinus when a pressure difference across the at least one flap reaches at least 1-10 trim fig. 12. The stent of claim 8, wherein the shorter portion is more flexible the longer portion. | 2,100 |
340,068 | 16,800,998 | 2,182 | Techniques for computing matrix operations for arbitrarily large matrices on a finite-sized hybrid analog-digital matrix processor are described. Techniques for gain adjustment in a finite-sized hybrid analog-digital matrix processor are described which enable the system to obtain higher energy efficiencies, greater physical density and improved numerical accuracy. In some embodiments, these techniques enable maximization of the predictive accuracy of a GEMM-based convolutional neural network using low-precision data representations. | 1. A hybrid analog-digital processor comprising:
circuitry comprising an analog processor, wherein the circuitry is configured to perform a mathematical operation using a plurality of passes, wherein for each of the plurality of passes, the circuitry is configured to:
determine one or more scaling factors for the pass based on a set of parameters representing a portion of a matrix;
scale at least some parameters of the set of parameters based on the one or more scaling factors to produce a scaled set of parameters;
program the analog processor based on the scaled set of parameters;
generate a plurality of input analog signals based on an input data set;
generate a plurality of output analog signals based on the plurality of input analog signals and the scaled set of parameters;
generate a partial output data set based on the plurality of output analog signals; and
scale the partial output data set based on the one or more scaling factors to produce a scaled partial output data set,
wherein the circuitry is further configured to generate an accumulated output data set by accumulating the scaled partial output data sets generated by at least two of the plurality of passes, wherein the accumulated output data set represents a result of the mathematical operation. 2. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 1, wherein generating a plurality of output analog signals based on the plurality of input analog signals and the scaled set of parameters comprises performing a matrix-matrix multiplication based on the plurality of input analog signals and the scaled set of parameters. 3. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 1, wherein generating a plurality of output analog signals based on the plurality of input analog signals and the scaled set of parameters comprises performing a convolution based on the plurality of input analog signals and the scaled set of parameters. 4. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 1, wherein the analog processor comprises a photonic processor comprising a plurality of programmable photonic devices, and wherein programming the analog processor based on the scaled set of parameters comprises setting respective characteristics for the plurality of programmable photonic devices based on the scaled set of parameters. 5. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 4, wherein the programmable photonic devices comprise Mach-Zehnder interferometers, and wherein setting respective characteristics for the plurality of programmable photonic devices based on the scaled set of parameters comprises:
setting respective optical characteristics for the plurality of Mach-Zehnder interferometers based on the scaled set of parameters. 6. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 4, wherein the programmable photonic devices comprise optical resonators, and wherein setting respective characteristics for the plurality of programmable photonic devices based on the scaled set of parameters comprises:
setting respective optical characteristics for the plurality of optical resonators based on the scaled set of parameters. 7. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 1, wherein programming the analog processor comprises:
programming, based on the scaled set of parameters, the analog processor with a plurality of matrices that, collectively, represent an arbitrary matrix. 8. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 7, wherein programming the analog processor with a plurality of matrices comprises:
programming, based on the scaled set of parameters, the analog processor with a plurality of matrices that, collectively, represent the arbitrary matrix based on a singular value decomposition (SVD) of the arbitrary matrix. 9. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 1, wherein, for each of the plurality of passes, the circuitry is further configured to determine the one or more scaling factors based on a tile of the matrix that is associated with the pass. 10. A method for performing a mathematical operation using a plurality of passes through an analog processor, the method comprising:
for each of the plurality of passes:
determining one or more scaling factors for the pass based on a set of parameters representing a portion of a matrix;
scaling at least some parameters of the set of parameters based on the one or more scaling factors to produce a scaled set of parameters;
programming the analog processor based on the scaled set of parameters;
generating a plurality of input analog signals based on an input data set;
generating a plurality of output analog signals based on the plurality of input analog signals and the scaled set of parameters;
generating a partial output data set based on the plurality of output analog signals; and
scaling the partial output data set based on the one or more scaling factors to produce a scaled partial output data set; and
generating an accumulated output data set by accumulating the scaled partial output data sets generated by at least two of the plurality of passes, wherein the accumulated output data set represents a result of the mathematical operation. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein generating a plurality of output analog signals based on the plurality of input analog signals and the scaled set of parameters comprises performing a matrix-matrix multiplication based on the plurality of input analog signals and the scaled set of parameters. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein generating a plurality of output analog signals based on the plurality of input analog signals and the scaled set of parameters comprises performing a convolution based on the plurality of input analog signals and the scaled set of parameters. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein the analog processor comprises a photonic processor comprising a plurality of programmable photonic devices, and wherein programming the analog processor based on the scaled set of parameters comprises setting respective characteristics for the plurality of programmable photonic devices based on the scaled set of parameters. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the programmable photonic devices comprise Mach-Zehnder interferometers, and wherein setting respective characteristics for the plurality of programmable photonic devices based on the scaled set of parameters comprises:
setting respective optical characteristics for the plurality of Mach-Zehnder interferometers based on the scaled set of parameters. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the programmable photonic devices comprise optical resonators, and wherein setting respective characteristics for the plurality of programmable photonic devices based on the scaled set of parameters comprises:
setting respective optical characteristics for the plurality of optical resonators based on the scaled set of parameters. 16. The method of claim 10, wherein programming the analog processor comprises:
programming, based on the scaled set of parameters, the analog processor with a plurality of matrices that, collectively, represent an arbitrary matrix. 17. method of claim 16, wherein programming the analog processor with a plurality of matrices comprises:
programming, based on the scaled set of parameters, the analog processor with a plurality of matrices that, collectively, represent the arbitrary matrix based on a singular value decomposition (SVD) of the arbitrary matrix. 18. The method of claim 10, wherein determining the one or more scaling factors comprises determining the one or more scaling factors based on a tile of the matrix that is associated with the pass. 19. A hybrid analog-digital processor comprising:
circuitry comprising a photonic processor, wherein the circuitry is configured to perform a mathematical operation using a plurality of passes, wherein for each of the plurality of passes, the circuitry is configured to:
determine one or more scaling factors for the pass based on a set of parameters representing a portion of a matrix;
scale at least some parameters of the set of parameters based on the one or more scaling factors to produce a scaled set of parameters;
program the photonic processor based on the scaled set of parameters;
generate a plurality of input optical signals based on an input data set;
generate a plurality of output optical signals based on the plurality of input optical signals and the scaled set of parameters;
generate a partial output data set based on the plurality of output optical signals; and
scale the partial output data set based on the one or more scaling factors to produce a scaled partial output data set,
wherein the circuitry is further configured to generate an accumulated output data set by accumulating the scaled partial output data sets generated by at least two of the plurality of passes, wherein the accumulated output data set represents a result of the mathematical operation. 20. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 19, wherein the photonic processor comprises a plurality of programmable photonic devices, and wherein programming the analog processor based on the scaled set of parameters comprises setting respective characteristics for the plurality of programmable photonic devices based on the scaled set of parameters. 21. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 20, wherein the programmable photonic devices comprise optical resonators, and wherein setting respective characteristics for the plurality of programmable photonic devices based on the scaled set of parameters comprises:
setting respective optical characteristics for the plurality of optical resonators based on the scaled set of parameters. 22. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 19, wherein the photonic processor comprises:
a first array of interconnected variable beam splitters (VBSs) comprising a first plurality of optical inputs and a first plurality of optical outputs; a second array of interconnected VBSs comprising a second plurality of optical inputs and a second plurality of optical outputs; and a plurality of controllable optical elements, each of the plurality of these controllable optical elements coupling a single one of the first plurality of optical outputs of the first array to a respective single one of the second plurality of optical inputs of the second array. 23. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 22, wherein each of the VBSs of the first and second array comprises a Mach-Zehnder interferometer comprising:
a first beam splitter; a second beam splitter; and at least one phase modulator configured to modulate a phase of light of an optical mode that couples the first beam splitter and the second beam splitter. 24. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 19, wherein the photonic processor comprises a plurality of variable optical attenuators, and wherein programming the analog processor based on the scaled set of parameters comprises setting respective characteristics for the plurality of variable optical attenuators based on the scaled set of parameters. 25. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 19, wherein generating a plurality of output optical signals based on the plurality of input optical signals and the scaled set of parameters comprises performing a matrix-matrix multiplication based on the plurality of input optical signals and the scaled set of parameters. 26. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 19, wherein programming the photonic processor comprises:
programming, based on the scaled set of parameters, the photonic processor with a plurality of matrices that, collectively, represent an arbitrary matrix. 27. A method of manufacturing a hybrid analog-digital processor comprising:
forming a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) unit comprising a plurality of DACs; forming a photonic processor arranged to perform matrix-matrix multiplication and coupled to outputs of the DAC unit; forming an analog-to-digital (ADC) unit comprising a plurality of ADCs and coupled to outputs of the photonic processor; forming a digital scaling unit coupled to outputs of the ADC unit; and forming a digital accumulator coupled to outputs of the digital scaling unit, wherein the digital accumulator comprises a memory unit and a digital adder. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein forming the photonic processor and forming the digital accumulator comprises forming the photonic processor and the digital accumulator on a common chip. 29. The method of claim 27, wherein forming the photonic processor and forming the digital accumulator comprises:
forming the photonic processor on a first chip; forming the digital accumulator on a second chip; and bonding the first chip to the second chip. 30. The method of claim 27, wherein forming the ADC unit comprises forming a plurality of n-bit ADCs, where n is less than or equal to 12. | Techniques for computing matrix operations for arbitrarily large matrices on a finite-sized hybrid analog-digital matrix processor are described. Techniques for gain adjustment in a finite-sized hybrid analog-digital matrix processor are described which enable the system to obtain higher energy efficiencies, greater physical density and improved numerical accuracy. In some embodiments, these techniques enable maximization of the predictive accuracy of a GEMM-based convolutional neural network using low-precision data representations.1. A hybrid analog-digital processor comprising:
circuitry comprising an analog processor, wherein the circuitry is configured to perform a mathematical operation using a plurality of passes, wherein for each of the plurality of passes, the circuitry is configured to:
determine one or more scaling factors for the pass based on a set of parameters representing a portion of a matrix;
scale at least some parameters of the set of parameters based on the one or more scaling factors to produce a scaled set of parameters;
program the analog processor based on the scaled set of parameters;
generate a plurality of input analog signals based on an input data set;
generate a plurality of output analog signals based on the plurality of input analog signals and the scaled set of parameters;
generate a partial output data set based on the plurality of output analog signals; and
scale the partial output data set based on the one or more scaling factors to produce a scaled partial output data set,
wherein the circuitry is further configured to generate an accumulated output data set by accumulating the scaled partial output data sets generated by at least two of the plurality of passes, wherein the accumulated output data set represents a result of the mathematical operation. 2. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 1, wherein generating a plurality of output analog signals based on the plurality of input analog signals and the scaled set of parameters comprises performing a matrix-matrix multiplication based on the plurality of input analog signals and the scaled set of parameters. 3. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 1, wherein generating a plurality of output analog signals based on the plurality of input analog signals and the scaled set of parameters comprises performing a convolution based on the plurality of input analog signals and the scaled set of parameters. 4. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 1, wherein the analog processor comprises a photonic processor comprising a plurality of programmable photonic devices, and wherein programming the analog processor based on the scaled set of parameters comprises setting respective characteristics for the plurality of programmable photonic devices based on the scaled set of parameters. 5. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 4, wherein the programmable photonic devices comprise Mach-Zehnder interferometers, and wherein setting respective characteristics for the plurality of programmable photonic devices based on the scaled set of parameters comprises:
setting respective optical characteristics for the plurality of Mach-Zehnder interferometers based on the scaled set of parameters. 6. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 4, wherein the programmable photonic devices comprise optical resonators, and wherein setting respective characteristics for the plurality of programmable photonic devices based on the scaled set of parameters comprises:
setting respective optical characteristics for the plurality of optical resonators based on the scaled set of parameters. 7. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 1, wherein programming the analog processor comprises:
programming, based on the scaled set of parameters, the analog processor with a plurality of matrices that, collectively, represent an arbitrary matrix. 8. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 7, wherein programming the analog processor with a plurality of matrices comprises:
programming, based on the scaled set of parameters, the analog processor with a plurality of matrices that, collectively, represent the arbitrary matrix based on a singular value decomposition (SVD) of the arbitrary matrix. 9. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 1, wherein, for each of the plurality of passes, the circuitry is further configured to determine the one or more scaling factors based on a tile of the matrix that is associated with the pass. 10. A method for performing a mathematical operation using a plurality of passes through an analog processor, the method comprising:
for each of the plurality of passes:
determining one or more scaling factors for the pass based on a set of parameters representing a portion of a matrix;
scaling at least some parameters of the set of parameters based on the one or more scaling factors to produce a scaled set of parameters;
programming the analog processor based on the scaled set of parameters;
generating a plurality of input analog signals based on an input data set;
generating a plurality of output analog signals based on the plurality of input analog signals and the scaled set of parameters;
generating a partial output data set based on the plurality of output analog signals; and
scaling the partial output data set based on the one or more scaling factors to produce a scaled partial output data set; and
generating an accumulated output data set by accumulating the scaled partial output data sets generated by at least two of the plurality of passes, wherein the accumulated output data set represents a result of the mathematical operation. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein generating a plurality of output analog signals based on the plurality of input analog signals and the scaled set of parameters comprises performing a matrix-matrix multiplication based on the plurality of input analog signals and the scaled set of parameters. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein generating a plurality of output analog signals based on the plurality of input analog signals and the scaled set of parameters comprises performing a convolution based on the plurality of input analog signals and the scaled set of parameters. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein the analog processor comprises a photonic processor comprising a plurality of programmable photonic devices, and wherein programming the analog processor based on the scaled set of parameters comprises setting respective characteristics for the plurality of programmable photonic devices based on the scaled set of parameters. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the programmable photonic devices comprise Mach-Zehnder interferometers, and wherein setting respective characteristics for the plurality of programmable photonic devices based on the scaled set of parameters comprises:
setting respective optical characteristics for the plurality of Mach-Zehnder interferometers based on the scaled set of parameters. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the programmable photonic devices comprise optical resonators, and wherein setting respective characteristics for the plurality of programmable photonic devices based on the scaled set of parameters comprises:
setting respective optical characteristics for the plurality of optical resonators based on the scaled set of parameters. 16. The method of claim 10, wherein programming the analog processor comprises:
programming, based on the scaled set of parameters, the analog processor with a plurality of matrices that, collectively, represent an arbitrary matrix. 17. method of claim 16, wherein programming the analog processor with a plurality of matrices comprises:
programming, based on the scaled set of parameters, the analog processor with a plurality of matrices that, collectively, represent the arbitrary matrix based on a singular value decomposition (SVD) of the arbitrary matrix. 18. The method of claim 10, wherein determining the one or more scaling factors comprises determining the one or more scaling factors based on a tile of the matrix that is associated with the pass. 19. A hybrid analog-digital processor comprising:
circuitry comprising a photonic processor, wherein the circuitry is configured to perform a mathematical operation using a plurality of passes, wherein for each of the plurality of passes, the circuitry is configured to:
determine one or more scaling factors for the pass based on a set of parameters representing a portion of a matrix;
scale at least some parameters of the set of parameters based on the one or more scaling factors to produce a scaled set of parameters;
program the photonic processor based on the scaled set of parameters;
generate a plurality of input optical signals based on an input data set;
generate a plurality of output optical signals based on the plurality of input optical signals and the scaled set of parameters;
generate a partial output data set based on the plurality of output optical signals; and
scale the partial output data set based on the one or more scaling factors to produce a scaled partial output data set,
wherein the circuitry is further configured to generate an accumulated output data set by accumulating the scaled partial output data sets generated by at least two of the plurality of passes, wherein the accumulated output data set represents a result of the mathematical operation. 20. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 19, wherein the photonic processor comprises a plurality of programmable photonic devices, and wherein programming the analog processor based on the scaled set of parameters comprises setting respective characteristics for the plurality of programmable photonic devices based on the scaled set of parameters. 21. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 20, wherein the programmable photonic devices comprise optical resonators, and wherein setting respective characteristics for the plurality of programmable photonic devices based on the scaled set of parameters comprises:
setting respective optical characteristics for the plurality of optical resonators based on the scaled set of parameters. 22. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 19, wherein the photonic processor comprises:
a first array of interconnected variable beam splitters (VBSs) comprising a first plurality of optical inputs and a first plurality of optical outputs; a second array of interconnected VBSs comprising a second plurality of optical inputs and a second plurality of optical outputs; and a plurality of controllable optical elements, each of the plurality of these controllable optical elements coupling a single one of the first plurality of optical outputs of the first array to a respective single one of the second plurality of optical inputs of the second array. 23. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 22, wherein each of the VBSs of the first and second array comprises a Mach-Zehnder interferometer comprising:
a first beam splitter; a second beam splitter; and at least one phase modulator configured to modulate a phase of light of an optical mode that couples the first beam splitter and the second beam splitter. 24. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 19, wherein the photonic processor comprises a plurality of variable optical attenuators, and wherein programming the analog processor based on the scaled set of parameters comprises setting respective characteristics for the plurality of variable optical attenuators based on the scaled set of parameters. 25. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 19, wherein generating a plurality of output optical signals based on the plurality of input optical signals and the scaled set of parameters comprises performing a matrix-matrix multiplication based on the plurality of input optical signals and the scaled set of parameters. 26. The hybrid analog-digital processor of claim 19, wherein programming the photonic processor comprises:
programming, based on the scaled set of parameters, the photonic processor with a plurality of matrices that, collectively, represent an arbitrary matrix. 27. A method of manufacturing a hybrid analog-digital processor comprising:
forming a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) unit comprising a plurality of DACs; forming a photonic processor arranged to perform matrix-matrix multiplication and coupled to outputs of the DAC unit; forming an analog-to-digital (ADC) unit comprising a plurality of ADCs and coupled to outputs of the photonic processor; forming a digital scaling unit coupled to outputs of the ADC unit; and forming a digital accumulator coupled to outputs of the digital scaling unit, wherein the digital accumulator comprises a memory unit and a digital adder. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein forming the photonic processor and forming the digital accumulator comprises forming the photonic processor and the digital accumulator on a common chip. 29. The method of claim 27, wherein forming the photonic processor and forming the digital accumulator comprises:
forming the photonic processor on a first chip; forming the digital accumulator on a second chip; and bonding the first chip to the second chip. 30. The method of claim 27, wherein forming the ADC unit comprises forming a plurality of n-bit ADCs, where n is less than or equal to 12. | 2,100 |
340,069 | 16,801,038 | 2,182 | The present disclosure concerns an integrated circuit comprising a substrate, the substrate comprising a first region having a first thickness and a second region having a second thickness smaller than the first thickness, the circuit comprising a three-dimensional capacitor formed inside and on top of the first region, and at least first and second connection terminals formed on the second region, the first and second connection terminals being respectively connected to first and second electrodes of the three-dimensional capacitor. | 1. An integrated circuit comprising:
a substrate that includes a first region having a first thickness and a second region having a second thickness smaller than the first thickness; a three-dimensional capacitor formed inside and on top of the first region; and first and second connection terminals formed on the second region, the first and second connection terminals being respectively connected to first and second electrodes of the three-dimensional capacitor. 2. The integrated circuit of claim 1, wherein the three-dimensional capacitor comprises:
trenches formed in the first region of the substrate, the trenches having respective bottoms and lateral walls; and a stack of a first conductive layer, a first dielectric layer, and a second conductive layer arranged on a side of the first dielectric layer opposite to the first conductive layer, the stack extending on the lateral walls and on the bottoms of the trenches formed in the first region of the substrate, the first and second layers respectively forming the first and second electrodes of the three-dimensional capacitor. 3. The integrated circuit of claim 2, wherein the stack further comprises:
a second dielectric layer arranged on a side of the second conductive layer opposite to the first dielectric layer, and a third conductive layer arranged on a side of the second dielectric layer opposite to the second conductive layer, the third conductive layer being connected to the first connection terminal. 4. The integrated circuit of claim 1, wherein the first region is a central region of the substrate, and the second region is a peripheral region of the substrate. 5. The integrated circuit of claim 1, wherein a surface of the substrate opposite to the first and second connection terminals is substantially planar. 6. The integrated circuit of claim 1, wherein the first and second thicknesses differ within a range from 10 to 40 μm. 7. The integrated circuit of claim 1, further comprising:
third and fourth connection terminals respectively arranged opposite the first and second connection terminals, on a side of the substrate opposite to the first and second connection terminals; a first conductive via crossing the substrate and connecting the third connection terminal to the first connection terminal; and a second conductive via crossing the substrate and connecting the fourth connection terminal to the second connection terminal. 8. The integrated circuit of claim 1, wherein the first and second connection terminals each comprise a solder bump or a metallic connection pillar. 9. The integrated circuit of claim 1, comprising an insulating protection layer extending on the second region of the substrate, where the insulating protection layer does not extend on the first region of the substrate. 10. A method of manufacturing an integrated circuit, comprising:
performing a local etching of a portion of a substrate to define in the substrate a first region having a first thickness and a second region having a second thickness smaller than the first thickness; forming a three-dimensional capacitor inside and on top of the first region; and forming on the second region first and second connection terminals respectively connected to first and second electrodes of the three-dimensional capacitor. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein forming the three-dimensional capacitor comprises:
forming trenches in the first region of the substrate, the trenches having respective bottoms and lateral walls; and forming a stack of a first conductive layer, a first dielectric layer, and a second conductive layer arranged on a side of the first dielectric layer opposite to the first conductive layer, the stack extending on the lateral walls and on the bottoms of the trenches formed in the first region of the substrate, the first and second layers respectively forming the first and second electrodes of the three-dimensional capacitor. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein forming the stack further comprises:
arranging a second dielectric layer on a side of the second conductive layer opposite to the first dielectric layer, and arranging a third conductive layer on a side of the second dielectric layer opposite to the second conductive layer, the third conductive layer being connected to the first connection terminal. 13. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
forming third and fourth connection terminals respectively arranged opposite the first and second connection terminals, on a side of the substrate opposite to the first and second connection terminals; forming a first conductive via crossing the substrate and connecting the third connection terminal to the first connection terminal; and forming a second conductive via crossing the substrate and connecting the fourth connection terminal to the second connection terminal. 14. The method of claim 10, wherein forming the first and second connection terminals includes forming metallic connection pillars. 15. The method of claim 10, comprising forming an insulating protection layer extending on the second region of the substrate, where the insulating protection layer does not extend on the first region of the substrate. 16. An integrated circuit comprising:
a substrate that includes a first region having a first thickness and a second region having a second thickness smaller than the first thickness, the first region including a first surface and the second region having a second surface; a three-dimensional capacitor formed inside and on top of the first surface of the first region; an insulating layer positioned on the second surface of the second region; and first and second connection terminals formed on the insulating layer, the first and second connection terminals being respectively connected to first and second electrodes of the three-dimensional capacitor. 17. The integrated circuit of claim 16, wherein the three-dimensional capacitor comprises:
trenches formed in the first region of the substrate, the trenches having respective bottoms and lateral walls; and a stack of a first conductive layer, a first dielectric layer, and a second conductive layer arranged on a side of the first dielectric layer opposite to the first conductive layer, the stack extending on the lateral walls and on the bottoms of the trenches formed in the first region of the substrate, the first and second layers respectively forming the first and second electrodes of the three-dimensional capacitor. 18. The integrated circuit of claim 17, wherein the stack further comprises:
a second dielectric layer arranged on a side of the second conductive layer opposite to the first dielectric layer, and a third conductive layer arranged on a side of the second dielectric layer opposite to the second conductive layer, the third conductive layer being connected to the first connection terminal. 19. The integrated circuit of claim 16, the substrate includes a third surface opposite to the first and second surfaces, the third surface being substantially planar. 20. The integrated circuit of claim 19, further comprising:
third and fourth connection terminals respectively arranged opposite the first and second connection terminals, on the third surface of the substrate; a first conductive via crossing the substrate and connecting the third connection terminal to the first connection terminal; and a second conductive via crossing the substrate and connecting the fourth connection terminal to the second connection terminal. | The present disclosure concerns an integrated circuit comprising a substrate, the substrate comprising a first region having a first thickness and a second region having a second thickness smaller than the first thickness, the circuit comprising a three-dimensional capacitor formed inside and on top of the first region, and at least first and second connection terminals formed on the second region, the first and second connection terminals being respectively connected to first and second electrodes of the three-dimensional capacitor.1. An integrated circuit comprising:
a substrate that includes a first region having a first thickness and a second region having a second thickness smaller than the first thickness; a three-dimensional capacitor formed inside and on top of the first region; and first and second connection terminals formed on the second region, the first and second connection terminals being respectively connected to first and second electrodes of the three-dimensional capacitor. 2. The integrated circuit of claim 1, wherein the three-dimensional capacitor comprises:
trenches formed in the first region of the substrate, the trenches having respective bottoms and lateral walls; and a stack of a first conductive layer, a first dielectric layer, and a second conductive layer arranged on a side of the first dielectric layer opposite to the first conductive layer, the stack extending on the lateral walls and on the bottoms of the trenches formed in the first region of the substrate, the first and second layers respectively forming the first and second electrodes of the three-dimensional capacitor. 3. The integrated circuit of claim 2, wherein the stack further comprises:
a second dielectric layer arranged on a side of the second conductive layer opposite to the first dielectric layer, and a third conductive layer arranged on a side of the second dielectric layer opposite to the second conductive layer, the third conductive layer being connected to the first connection terminal. 4. The integrated circuit of claim 1, wherein the first region is a central region of the substrate, and the second region is a peripheral region of the substrate. 5. The integrated circuit of claim 1, wherein a surface of the substrate opposite to the first and second connection terminals is substantially planar. 6. The integrated circuit of claim 1, wherein the first and second thicknesses differ within a range from 10 to 40 μm. 7. The integrated circuit of claim 1, further comprising:
third and fourth connection terminals respectively arranged opposite the first and second connection terminals, on a side of the substrate opposite to the first and second connection terminals; a first conductive via crossing the substrate and connecting the third connection terminal to the first connection terminal; and a second conductive via crossing the substrate and connecting the fourth connection terminal to the second connection terminal. 8. The integrated circuit of claim 1, wherein the first and second connection terminals each comprise a solder bump or a metallic connection pillar. 9. The integrated circuit of claim 1, comprising an insulating protection layer extending on the second region of the substrate, where the insulating protection layer does not extend on the first region of the substrate. 10. A method of manufacturing an integrated circuit, comprising:
performing a local etching of a portion of a substrate to define in the substrate a first region having a first thickness and a second region having a second thickness smaller than the first thickness; forming a three-dimensional capacitor inside and on top of the first region; and forming on the second region first and second connection terminals respectively connected to first and second electrodes of the three-dimensional capacitor. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein forming the three-dimensional capacitor comprises:
forming trenches in the first region of the substrate, the trenches having respective bottoms and lateral walls; and forming a stack of a first conductive layer, a first dielectric layer, and a second conductive layer arranged on a side of the first dielectric layer opposite to the first conductive layer, the stack extending on the lateral walls and on the bottoms of the trenches formed in the first region of the substrate, the first and second layers respectively forming the first and second electrodes of the three-dimensional capacitor. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein forming the stack further comprises:
arranging a second dielectric layer on a side of the second conductive layer opposite to the first dielectric layer, and arranging a third conductive layer on a side of the second dielectric layer opposite to the second conductive layer, the third conductive layer being connected to the first connection terminal. 13. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
forming third and fourth connection terminals respectively arranged opposite the first and second connection terminals, on a side of the substrate opposite to the first and second connection terminals; forming a first conductive via crossing the substrate and connecting the third connection terminal to the first connection terminal; and forming a second conductive via crossing the substrate and connecting the fourth connection terminal to the second connection terminal. 14. The method of claim 10, wherein forming the first and second connection terminals includes forming metallic connection pillars. 15. The method of claim 10, comprising forming an insulating protection layer extending on the second region of the substrate, where the insulating protection layer does not extend on the first region of the substrate. 16. An integrated circuit comprising:
a substrate that includes a first region having a first thickness and a second region having a second thickness smaller than the first thickness, the first region including a first surface and the second region having a second surface; a three-dimensional capacitor formed inside and on top of the first surface of the first region; an insulating layer positioned on the second surface of the second region; and first and second connection terminals formed on the insulating layer, the first and second connection terminals being respectively connected to first and second electrodes of the three-dimensional capacitor. 17. The integrated circuit of claim 16, wherein the three-dimensional capacitor comprises:
trenches formed in the first region of the substrate, the trenches having respective bottoms and lateral walls; and a stack of a first conductive layer, a first dielectric layer, and a second conductive layer arranged on a side of the first dielectric layer opposite to the first conductive layer, the stack extending on the lateral walls and on the bottoms of the trenches formed in the first region of the substrate, the first and second layers respectively forming the first and second electrodes of the three-dimensional capacitor. 18. The integrated circuit of claim 17, wherein the stack further comprises:
a second dielectric layer arranged on a side of the second conductive layer opposite to the first dielectric layer, and a third conductive layer arranged on a side of the second dielectric layer opposite to the second conductive layer, the third conductive layer being connected to the first connection terminal. 19. The integrated circuit of claim 16, the substrate includes a third surface opposite to the first and second surfaces, the third surface being substantially planar. 20. The integrated circuit of claim 19, further comprising:
third and fourth connection terminals respectively arranged opposite the first and second connection terminals, on the third surface of the substrate; a first conductive via crossing the substrate and connecting the third connection terminal to the first connection terminal; and a second conductive via crossing the substrate and connecting the fourth connection terminal to the second connection terminal. | 2,100 |
340,070 | 16,801,047 | 2,182 | A catheter system for optical coherence tomography includes an elongate catheter body, an optical fiber in the elongate catheter body, and an anamorphic lens assembly coupled with a distal end of the optical fiber. The optical fiber and the lens assembly are together configured to provide a common path for optical radiation reflected from a target and from a reference interface between the distal end of the optical fiber and the lens assembly. | 1. (canceled) 2. A catheter for optical coherence tomography (OCT), comprising:
an elongate catheter body; an optical fiber in the elongate catheter body; and a lens assembly, the lens assembly comprising:
a lens body having an elongate channel therein, the elongate channel holding a distal end of the optical fiber and filled with an interface medium;
a concave lens surface at a distal end of the lens body, wherein the concave lens surface is positioned opposite from and at an angle relative to the distal end of the optical fiber, wherein the concave lens surface has a compound radius having first radius along a first axis that is different from a second radius along a second axis;
wherein the optical fiber and the lens assembly are together configured to provide a common path for optical radiation reflected from a target and from a reference interface formed by the interface medium. 3. The catheter of claim 2, wherein the reference interface is formed between the interface medium and the distal end of the optical fiber. 4. The catheter system of claim 2, wherein the interface medium is an epoxy. 5. The catheter system of claim 2, wherein a tangent of the concave lens surface is at an angle of between about 40 degrees and 50 degrees relative to a longitudinal axis of the optical fiber. 6. The catheter system of claim 2, wherein the reflective material comprises a reflective coating on the concave lens surface. 7. The catheter system of claim 6, wherein the reflective coating comprises gold. 8. The catheter system of claim 6, wherein the reflective material comprises a dielectric. 9. The catheter system of claim 6, wherein the reflective coating has an optical density of greater than 3.0. 10. The catheter system of claim 2, wherein the lens assembly comprises a polycarbonate material. 11. The catheter system of claim 2, wherein a secondary reflection of optical radiation from an interface between the optical fiber and the lens assembly is less than −60 dB. 12. The catheter system of claim 2, wherein the reference interface provides a reference reflection of between −28 and −42 dB. 13. The catheter system of claim 2, wherein a radius of curvature of the concave lens surface is between 0.2 mm and 1.5 mm. 14. The catheter system of claim 2, further comprising a source of optical radiation configured to provide the light, wherein a reflective coating on the concave lens surface has a thickness of at least ⅙ of an excitation wavelength of the source of optical radiation. 15. The catheter system of claim 2, further comprising a source of optical radiation, receiving electronics configured to receive optical radiation reflected from the reference interface and the target, and a processor to generate an image of the target based upon the optical radiation received by the receiving electronics. 16. A method of generating an optical coherence tomography (OCT) image, comprising:
passing light from an optical fiber to a concave lens surface, wherein a distal end of the optical fiber is positioned within an elongate channel of a lens assembly, and wherein the concave lens surface is at a distal end of the lens assembly and has a compound radius having first radius along a first axis that is different from a second radius along a second axis; reflecting light from the concave lens surface into tissue; collecting light returning from the tissue and passing it back through the lens assembly and into the optical fiber; and generating an OCT image with the light returning from the tissue. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising collecting light returned from an interface medium that holds the distal end of the optical fiber in the channel, wherein the step of generating an OCT image further comprises generating the OCT image with light returning from the interface medium. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the step of reflecting light comprises reflecting light at an angle of between about 30 degrees and 60 degrees so that it projects laterally into the tissue. 19. The method of claim 16, wherein a tangent of the concave lens surface is at an angle of between about 40 degrees and 50 degrees relative to a longitudinal axis of the optical fiber. 20. The method of claim 16, wherein a radius of curvature of the concave lens surface is between 0.2 mm and 1.5 mm. 21. The method of claim 16, wherein the interface medium is an epoxy. | A catheter system for optical coherence tomography includes an elongate catheter body, an optical fiber in the elongate catheter body, and an anamorphic lens assembly coupled with a distal end of the optical fiber. The optical fiber and the lens assembly are together configured to provide a common path for optical radiation reflected from a target and from a reference interface between the distal end of the optical fiber and the lens assembly.1. (canceled) 2. A catheter for optical coherence tomography (OCT), comprising:
an elongate catheter body; an optical fiber in the elongate catheter body; and a lens assembly, the lens assembly comprising:
a lens body having an elongate channel therein, the elongate channel holding a distal end of the optical fiber and filled with an interface medium;
a concave lens surface at a distal end of the lens body, wherein the concave lens surface is positioned opposite from and at an angle relative to the distal end of the optical fiber, wherein the concave lens surface has a compound radius having first radius along a first axis that is different from a second radius along a second axis;
wherein the optical fiber and the lens assembly are together configured to provide a common path for optical radiation reflected from a target and from a reference interface formed by the interface medium. 3. The catheter of claim 2, wherein the reference interface is formed between the interface medium and the distal end of the optical fiber. 4. The catheter system of claim 2, wherein the interface medium is an epoxy. 5. The catheter system of claim 2, wherein a tangent of the concave lens surface is at an angle of between about 40 degrees and 50 degrees relative to a longitudinal axis of the optical fiber. 6. The catheter system of claim 2, wherein the reflective material comprises a reflective coating on the concave lens surface. 7. The catheter system of claim 6, wherein the reflective coating comprises gold. 8. The catheter system of claim 6, wherein the reflective material comprises a dielectric. 9. The catheter system of claim 6, wherein the reflective coating has an optical density of greater than 3.0. 10. The catheter system of claim 2, wherein the lens assembly comprises a polycarbonate material. 11. The catheter system of claim 2, wherein a secondary reflection of optical radiation from an interface between the optical fiber and the lens assembly is less than −60 dB. 12. The catheter system of claim 2, wherein the reference interface provides a reference reflection of between −28 and −42 dB. 13. The catheter system of claim 2, wherein a radius of curvature of the concave lens surface is between 0.2 mm and 1.5 mm. 14. The catheter system of claim 2, further comprising a source of optical radiation configured to provide the light, wherein a reflective coating on the concave lens surface has a thickness of at least ⅙ of an excitation wavelength of the source of optical radiation. 15. The catheter system of claim 2, further comprising a source of optical radiation, receiving electronics configured to receive optical radiation reflected from the reference interface and the target, and a processor to generate an image of the target based upon the optical radiation received by the receiving electronics. 16. A method of generating an optical coherence tomography (OCT) image, comprising:
passing light from an optical fiber to a concave lens surface, wherein a distal end of the optical fiber is positioned within an elongate channel of a lens assembly, and wherein the concave lens surface is at a distal end of the lens assembly and has a compound radius having first radius along a first axis that is different from a second radius along a second axis; reflecting light from the concave lens surface into tissue; collecting light returning from the tissue and passing it back through the lens assembly and into the optical fiber; and generating an OCT image with the light returning from the tissue. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising collecting light returned from an interface medium that holds the distal end of the optical fiber in the channel, wherein the step of generating an OCT image further comprises generating the OCT image with light returning from the interface medium. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the step of reflecting light comprises reflecting light at an angle of between about 30 degrees and 60 degrees so that it projects laterally into the tissue. 19. The method of claim 16, wherein a tangent of the concave lens surface is at an angle of between about 40 degrees and 50 degrees relative to a longitudinal axis of the optical fiber. 20. The method of claim 16, wherein a radius of curvature of the concave lens surface is between 0.2 mm and 1.5 mm. 21. The method of claim 16, wherein the interface medium is an epoxy. | 2,100 |
340,071 | 16,801,029 | 2,182 | A collision avoidance system includes a monopulse radar antenna array of monopulse radar antenna segments mounted to a vehicle with respective fixed fields of view. Each monopulse radar antenna segment comprises a comparator network configured to form a sum signal representing a summation of return signals and a first difference signal representing a first difference of the return signals. The system further includes a user interface configured to present information in a form perceptible to a person operating the vehicle and a radar antenna array controller configured to calculate a range of the object and a first (azimuth) angle of arrival of the return signal from the object. The comparator network is further configured to form a second difference signal which the radar antenna array controller uses to calculate a second (elevation) angle of arrival. | 1. A collision avoidance system for a vehicle comprising:
a monopulse radar antenna array mounted to the vehicle and comprising a plurality of monopulse radar antenna segments having respective fixed fields of view, wherein each monopulse radar antenna segment comprises a comparator network configured to form a sum signal representing a summation of return signals received by the monopulse radar antenna segment and to form a first difference signal representing a first difference of the return signals received by the monopulse radar antenna segment; a user interface configured to present information in a form perceptible to a person operating the vehicle; and a radar antenna array controller electrically connected to the plurality of monopulse radar antenna segments and to the user interface and configured to perform operations comprising: calculating a range of an object based on a time difference between transmission of a radar pulse and reception of the return signals; calculating a first angle of arrival of the return signal from the object based on a ratio of the first difference signal and the sum signal; and sending information regarding the range and an angular position of the object to the user interface. 2. The collision avoidance system as recited in claim 1, wherein:
the comparator network is further configured to form a second difference signal representing a second difference of the return signals received by the monopulse radar antenna segment; the radar antenna array controller is further configured to perform operations comprising calculating a second angle of arrival of the return signal from the object based on a ratio of the second difference signal and the sum signal; and the first angle of arrival is an azimuth angle and the second angle of arrival is an elevation angle of the object relative to the vehicle. 3. The collision avoidance system as recited in claim 1, wherein each of the monopulse radar antenna segments includes a transmit antenna and a receive antenna. 4. The collision avoidance system as recited in claim 1, wherein the radar antenna array controller is further configured to control synchronous transmission by the monopulse radar antenna segments. 5. The collision avoidance system as recited in claim 4, wherein the radar antenna array controller is further configured to insert delays into transmit signals sent to the monopulse radar antenna segments, which delays are based on respective locations of the monopulse radar antenna segments. 6. The collision avoidance system as recited in claim 1, wherein the user interface is a display device configured to display the information regarding the range and angular position of the object. 7. The collision avoidance system as recited in claim 1, wherein field of views of adjacent monopulse radar antenna segments partially overlap. 8. The collision avoidance system of claim 1, wherein a first monopulse radar antenna segment transmits at a first guard frequency and a second monopulse radar antenna segment adjacent to the first monopulse radar antenna segment transmits at a second guard frequency which is different than the first guard frequency. 9. The collision avoidance system of claim 1, wherein the monopulse radar antenna array is mounted to a wing tip of an aircraft. 10. The collision avoidance system of claim 9, wherein a field of view of the monopulse radar antenna array has an azimuth angle of at least 240 degrees. 11. The collision avoidance system of claim 1, wherein the monopulse radar antenna array is mounted in a window hole of an aircraft. 12. A method for detecting an object comprising:
synchronously transmitting respective pulses from a plurality of monopulse radar antenna segments mounted to a vehicle with respective fields of view; receiving return signals from an object at one monopulse radar antenna segment of the plurality of monopulse radar antenna segments following synchronous transmission; converting the return signals into a sum signal and a first difference signal; processing the sum signal and first difference signal to estimate a first angle of arrival of the return signals; determining a range of the object based on a time difference between transmission and reception; and displaying symbology indicating the range and angular position of the object relative to the vehicle. 13. The method as recited in claim 12, further comprising:
converting the return signals into a second difference signal; and processing the sum signal and second difference signal to estimate a second angle of arrival of the return signals, wherein the first angle of arrival is an azimuth angle and the second angle of arrival is an elevation angle of the object relative to the vehicle. 14. The method as recited in claim 12, wherein the symbology indicates successive ranges and angular positions of the object. 15. The method as recited in claim 12, wherein synchronously transmitting respective pulses from the plurality of monopulse radar antenna segments comprises transmitting a pulse having a first guard frequency from a first monopulse radar antenna segment and transmitting a pulse having a second guard frequency which is different than the first guard frequency from a second radar antenna segment which is adjacent to the first radar antenna segment. 16. The method as recited in claim 12, wherein the vehicle is an aircraft. 17. An aircraft comprising:
a plurality of monopulse radar antenna segments having respective fixed fields of view and arranged to form a monopulse radar antenna array having a total field of view, wherein each monopulse radar antenna segment comprises a comparator network configured to form a sum signal representing a summation of return signals received by the monopulse radar antenna segment and form a first difference signal representing a first difference of the return signals received by the monopulse radar antenna segment; a user interface configured to present information in a form perceptible to a pilot operating the aircraft; and a radar antenna array controller electrically connected to the plurality of monopulse radar antenna segments and to the user interface and configured to perform operations comprising: calculating a range of the object based on a time difference between transmission and reception; calculating a first angle of arrival of the return signal from the object based on a ratio of the first difference signal and the sum signal; and sending information regarding the range and the angular position of the object to the user interface. 18. The aircraft as recited in claim 17, wherein:
the comparator network is further configured to form a second difference signal representing a second difference of the return signals received by the monopulse radar antenna segment; the radar antenna array controller is further configured to perform operations comprising calculating a second angle of arrival of the return signal from the object based on a ratio of the second difference signal and the sum signal; and the first angle of arrival is an azimuth angle and the second angle of arrival is an elevation angle of the object relative to the aircraft. 19. The aircraft as recited in claim 17, further comprising a fuselage and a wing extending laterally from the fuselage, wherein the wing comprises a wing tip and the monopulse radar antenna array is mounted to the wing tip. 20. The aircraft as recited in claim 17, further comprising a fuselage, wherein the fuselage comprises a window hole and the monopulse radar antenna array is mounted to the window hole. | A collision avoidance system includes a monopulse radar antenna array of monopulse radar antenna segments mounted to a vehicle with respective fixed fields of view. Each monopulse radar antenna segment comprises a comparator network configured to form a sum signal representing a summation of return signals and a first difference signal representing a first difference of the return signals. The system further includes a user interface configured to present information in a form perceptible to a person operating the vehicle and a radar antenna array controller configured to calculate a range of the object and a first (azimuth) angle of arrival of the return signal from the object. The comparator network is further configured to form a second difference signal which the radar antenna array controller uses to calculate a second (elevation) angle of arrival.1. A collision avoidance system for a vehicle comprising:
a monopulse radar antenna array mounted to the vehicle and comprising a plurality of monopulse radar antenna segments having respective fixed fields of view, wherein each monopulse radar antenna segment comprises a comparator network configured to form a sum signal representing a summation of return signals received by the monopulse radar antenna segment and to form a first difference signal representing a first difference of the return signals received by the monopulse radar antenna segment; a user interface configured to present information in a form perceptible to a person operating the vehicle; and a radar antenna array controller electrically connected to the plurality of monopulse radar antenna segments and to the user interface and configured to perform operations comprising: calculating a range of an object based on a time difference between transmission of a radar pulse and reception of the return signals; calculating a first angle of arrival of the return signal from the object based on a ratio of the first difference signal and the sum signal; and sending information regarding the range and an angular position of the object to the user interface. 2. The collision avoidance system as recited in claim 1, wherein:
the comparator network is further configured to form a second difference signal representing a second difference of the return signals received by the monopulse radar antenna segment; the radar antenna array controller is further configured to perform operations comprising calculating a second angle of arrival of the return signal from the object based on a ratio of the second difference signal and the sum signal; and the first angle of arrival is an azimuth angle and the second angle of arrival is an elevation angle of the object relative to the vehicle. 3. The collision avoidance system as recited in claim 1, wherein each of the monopulse radar antenna segments includes a transmit antenna and a receive antenna. 4. The collision avoidance system as recited in claim 1, wherein the radar antenna array controller is further configured to control synchronous transmission by the monopulse radar antenna segments. 5. The collision avoidance system as recited in claim 4, wherein the radar antenna array controller is further configured to insert delays into transmit signals sent to the monopulse radar antenna segments, which delays are based on respective locations of the monopulse radar antenna segments. 6. The collision avoidance system as recited in claim 1, wherein the user interface is a display device configured to display the information regarding the range and angular position of the object. 7. The collision avoidance system as recited in claim 1, wherein field of views of adjacent monopulse radar antenna segments partially overlap. 8. The collision avoidance system of claim 1, wherein a first monopulse radar antenna segment transmits at a first guard frequency and a second monopulse radar antenna segment adjacent to the first monopulse radar antenna segment transmits at a second guard frequency which is different than the first guard frequency. 9. The collision avoidance system of claim 1, wherein the monopulse radar antenna array is mounted to a wing tip of an aircraft. 10. The collision avoidance system of claim 9, wherein a field of view of the monopulse radar antenna array has an azimuth angle of at least 240 degrees. 11. The collision avoidance system of claim 1, wherein the monopulse radar antenna array is mounted in a window hole of an aircraft. 12. A method for detecting an object comprising:
synchronously transmitting respective pulses from a plurality of monopulse radar antenna segments mounted to a vehicle with respective fields of view; receiving return signals from an object at one monopulse radar antenna segment of the plurality of monopulse radar antenna segments following synchronous transmission; converting the return signals into a sum signal and a first difference signal; processing the sum signal and first difference signal to estimate a first angle of arrival of the return signals; determining a range of the object based on a time difference between transmission and reception; and displaying symbology indicating the range and angular position of the object relative to the vehicle. 13. The method as recited in claim 12, further comprising:
converting the return signals into a second difference signal; and processing the sum signal and second difference signal to estimate a second angle of arrival of the return signals, wherein the first angle of arrival is an azimuth angle and the second angle of arrival is an elevation angle of the object relative to the vehicle. 14. The method as recited in claim 12, wherein the symbology indicates successive ranges and angular positions of the object. 15. The method as recited in claim 12, wherein synchronously transmitting respective pulses from the plurality of monopulse radar antenna segments comprises transmitting a pulse having a first guard frequency from a first monopulse radar antenna segment and transmitting a pulse having a second guard frequency which is different than the first guard frequency from a second radar antenna segment which is adjacent to the first radar antenna segment. 16. The method as recited in claim 12, wherein the vehicle is an aircraft. 17. An aircraft comprising:
a plurality of monopulse radar antenna segments having respective fixed fields of view and arranged to form a monopulse radar antenna array having a total field of view, wherein each monopulse radar antenna segment comprises a comparator network configured to form a sum signal representing a summation of return signals received by the monopulse radar antenna segment and form a first difference signal representing a first difference of the return signals received by the monopulse radar antenna segment; a user interface configured to present information in a form perceptible to a pilot operating the aircraft; and a radar antenna array controller electrically connected to the plurality of monopulse radar antenna segments and to the user interface and configured to perform operations comprising: calculating a range of the object based on a time difference between transmission and reception; calculating a first angle of arrival of the return signal from the object based on a ratio of the first difference signal and the sum signal; and sending information regarding the range and the angular position of the object to the user interface. 18. The aircraft as recited in claim 17, wherein:
the comparator network is further configured to form a second difference signal representing a second difference of the return signals received by the monopulse radar antenna segment; the radar antenna array controller is further configured to perform operations comprising calculating a second angle of arrival of the return signal from the object based on a ratio of the second difference signal and the sum signal; and the first angle of arrival is an azimuth angle and the second angle of arrival is an elevation angle of the object relative to the aircraft. 19. The aircraft as recited in claim 17, further comprising a fuselage and a wing extending laterally from the fuselage, wherein the wing comprises a wing tip and the monopulse radar antenna array is mounted to the wing tip. 20. The aircraft as recited in claim 17, further comprising a fuselage, wherein the fuselage comprises a window hole and the monopulse radar antenna array is mounted to the window hole. | 2,100 |
340,072 | 16,801,044 | 2,628 | The present disclosure discloses the wireless virtual mouse. The wireless virtual mouse comprises a head-mounted device and a wireless virtual mouse body. The wireless virtual mouse body comprises a head motion detection module, an eyelid blinking detection module, a communication module, and a power supply module. The head motion detection module collects relative changes of head position through an aerial attitude sensor. A wireless transceiver of the communication module sends signals generated based upon the relative changes of the head position to a computer, and a cursor on a screen of the computer changes synchronously based upon the signals. The eyelid blinking detection module collects a movement distance and a movement duration of an eyelid through a photoelectric motion sensor, and the wireless transceiver sends change signals generated based upon the movement distance and the movement duration to the computer. | 1. A wireless virtual mouse, comprising:
a head-mounted device, and a wireless virtual mouse body, wherein:
the wireless virtual mouse body comprises a head motion detection module, an eyelid blinking detection module, a communication module, and a power supply module,
the head motion detection module collects relative changes of head position through an aerial attitude sensor,
a wireless transceiver of the communication module sends signals generated based upon the relative changes of the head position to a computer,
a cursor on a screen of the computer changes synchronously based upon the signals so that cursor movement and cursor positioning of the wireless virtual mouse is achieved,
the eyelid blinking detection module collects a movement distance and a movement duration of an eyelid through a photoelectric motion sensor,
the wireless transceiver sends change signals generated based upon the movement distance and the movement duration to the computer,
the power supply module supplies power to the head motion detection module, the eyelid blinking detection module, and the communication module,
when the movement distance of the eyelid reaches a preset distance and the movement duration of the eyelid is greater than a preset duration:
a confirmation key of the wireless virtual mouse is selected, resulting in the computer receiving a mouse-click command. 2. The wireless virtual mouse according to claim 1, wherein:
the head-mounted device comprises glasses, a hat, an earphone, a hair clip, a hair pin, or a headband, and at least a part of the wireless virtual mouse body is detachably disposed on the head-mounted device. 3. The wireless virtual mouse according to claim 1, wherein the wireless virtual mouse body comprises at least one of a charging port, an indicator light, or a signal sampling port. 4. The wireless virtual mouse according to claim 1, wherein:
the head-mounted device comprises glasses, the glasses have a frame and temples, a lower end of the wireless virtual mouse body comprise a connection bracket, and the connection bracket is detachably disposed on at least one of the frame or the temples. 5. The wireless virtual mouse according to claim 1, wherein the signals generated based upon the relative changes of the head position comprise at least one of a head up signal, a head down signal, a head left signal, a head right signal, or a head inclined signal. 6. The wireless virtual mouse according to claim 1, wherein:
the aerial attitude sensor comprises an eighth pin, a ninth pin, a twenty-third pin, a twenty-fourth pin, a tenth pin, a thirteenth pin, an eighteenth pin, and a twentieth pin, the eighth pin is connected to the wireless transceiver for serial peripheral interface (SPI) chip selection, the ninth pin is connected to the wireless transceiver to output SPI serial data, the twenty-third pin is connected to the wireless transceiver to achieve an SPI serial clock, the twenty-fourth pin is connected to the wireless transceiver to receive SPI serial data, the tenth pin is connected to a calibration filter capacitor, the thirteenth pin is a first power supply terminal connected to the power supply module, the eighteenth pin is power grounded, and the twentieth pin is connected to a capacitor of a charge pump. 7. The wireless virtual mouse according to claim 1, wherein:
the photoelectric motion sensor comprises a second pin, a third pin, a fourth pin, a fifth pin, a sixth pin, a seventh pin, and an eighth pin, the second pin is connected to the wireless transceiver to output serial peripheral interface (SPI) serial data, the third pin is connected to the wireless transceiver to receive SPI serial data, the fourth pin is connected to the wireless transceiver to achieve an SPI serial clock, the fifth pin is an input of a laser diode, the sixth pin is power grounded, the seventh pin is a second power supply terminal connected to the power supply module, and the eighth pin is an output of a power regulator. 8. The wireless virtual mouse according to claim 1, wherein:
the wireless transceiver comprises a first pin, a second pin, a third pin, a fourth pin, a fifth pin, a seventh pin, an eighth pin, a ninth pin, a tenth pin, an eleventh pin, a twelfth pin, a thirteenth pin, a fourteenth pin, a fifteenth pin, a sixteenth pin, a seventeenth pin, an eighteenth pin, a nineteenth pin, and a twentieth pin, the second pin, the third pin, the fourth pin, and the fifth pin are serial peripheral interface (SPI) serial ports and the photoelectric motion sensor is connected to the aerial attitude sensor through the second pin, the third pin, the fourth pin, and the fifth pin, the first pin is in a transmitting state when the first pin is not connected to anything, the ninth pin and the tenth pin are connected to a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, the sixteenth pin is connected to an external reference voltage supply, the nineteenth pin is an output of a digital power supply, the eleventh pin is an output of a power amplifier, the twelfth pin and the thirteenth pin are antenna terminals, the eighth pin, the fourteenth pin, the seventeenth pin, and the twentieth pin are power grounded, and the seventh pin, the fifteenth pin, and the eighteenth pin are third power supply terminals connected to the power supply module. 9. The wireless virtual mouse according to claim 1, wherein:
the power supply module comprises a linear charge controller, a voltage regulator, a common cathode diode, a light emitting diode, a power switch, and a battery interface, the linear charge controller comprises a first pin, a second pin, a third pin, a fourth pin, a sixth pin, a seventh pin, and an eighth pin, the first pin of the linear charge controller and the second pin of the linear charge controller are series connected and then connected to a power supply and a first end of a first capacitor, a second end of the first capacitor is grounded so that input filtering is achieved, the third pin is series connected to a first resistor and the light emitting diode and then is series connected with the fourth pin and is power grounded, the sixth pin is series connected to the seventh pin and the eighth pin through a second capacitor so that output filtering is achieved, the common cathode diode is configured to charge and supply power at the same time, the light emitting diode is a charging indicator, the power switch is configured to switch the wireless virtual mouse to be opened and to be closed, the battery interface is configured to connect to a battery, the voltage regulator and peripheral circuits define a voltage regulator circuit, the voltage regulator comprises a first pin and a second pin, the first pin of the voltage regulator is connected to two third capacitors connected in parallel and a first end of a second resistor, a second end of the second resistor is connected to a fourth power supply terminal so that the output filtering is achieved, and the second pin of the voltage regulator is connected to two fourth capacitors connected in parallel so that input filtering is achieved. | The present disclosure discloses the wireless virtual mouse. The wireless virtual mouse comprises a head-mounted device and a wireless virtual mouse body. The wireless virtual mouse body comprises a head motion detection module, an eyelid blinking detection module, a communication module, and a power supply module. The head motion detection module collects relative changes of head position through an aerial attitude sensor. A wireless transceiver of the communication module sends signals generated based upon the relative changes of the head position to a computer, and a cursor on a screen of the computer changes synchronously based upon the signals. The eyelid blinking detection module collects a movement distance and a movement duration of an eyelid through a photoelectric motion sensor, and the wireless transceiver sends change signals generated based upon the movement distance and the movement duration to the computer.1. A wireless virtual mouse, comprising:
a head-mounted device, and a wireless virtual mouse body, wherein:
the wireless virtual mouse body comprises a head motion detection module, an eyelid blinking detection module, a communication module, and a power supply module,
the head motion detection module collects relative changes of head position through an aerial attitude sensor,
a wireless transceiver of the communication module sends signals generated based upon the relative changes of the head position to a computer,
a cursor on a screen of the computer changes synchronously based upon the signals so that cursor movement and cursor positioning of the wireless virtual mouse is achieved,
the eyelid blinking detection module collects a movement distance and a movement duration of an eyelid through a photoelectric motion sensor,
the wireless transceiver sends change signals generated based upon the movement distance and the movement duration to the computer,
the power supply module supplies power to the head motion detection module, the eyelid blinking detection module, and the communication module,
when the movement distance of the eyelid reaches a preset distance and the movement duration of the eyelid is greater than a preset duration:
a confirmation key of the wireless virtual mouse is selected, resulting in the computer receiving a mouse-click command. 2. The wireless virtual mouse according to claim 1, wherein:
the head-mounted device comprises glasses, a hat, an earphone, a hair clip, a hair pin, or a headband, and at least a part of the wireless virtual mouse body is detachably disposed on the head-mounted device. 3. The wireless virtual mouse according to claim 1, wherein the wireless virtual mouse body comprises at least one of a charging port, an indicator light, or a signal sampling port. 4. The wireless virtual mouse according to claim 1, wherein:
the head-mounted device comprises glasses, the glasses have a frame and temples, a lower end of the wireless virtual mouse body comprise a connection bracket, and the connection bracket is detachably disposed on at least one of the frame or the temples. 5. The wireless virtual mouse according to claim 1, wherein the signals generated based upon the relative changes of the head position comprise at least one of a head up signal, a head down signal, a head left signal, a head right signal, or a head inclined signal. 6. The wireless virtual mouse according to claim 1, wherein:
the aerial attitude sensor comprises an eighth pin, a ninth pin, a twenty-third pin, a twenty-fourth pin, a tenth pin, a thirteenth pin, an eighteenth pin, and a twentieth pin, the eighth pin is connected to the wireless transceiver for serial peripheral interface (SPI) chip selection, the ninth pin is connected to the wireless transceiver to output SPI serial data, the twenty-third pin is connected to the wireless transceiver to achieve an SPI serial clock, the twenty-fourth pin is connected to the wireless transceiver to receive SPI serial data, the tenth pin is connected to a calibration filter capacitor, the thirteenth pin is a first power supply terminal connected to the power supply module, the eighteenth pin is power grounded, and the twentieth pin is connected to a capacitor of a charge pump. 7. The wireless virtual mouse according to claim 1, wherein:
the photoelectric motion sensor comprises a second pin, a third pin, a fourth pin, a fifth pin, a sixth pin, a seventh pin, and an eighth pin, the second pin is connected to the wireless transceiver to output serial peripheral interface (SPI) serial data, the third pin is connected to the wireless transceiver to receive SPI serial data, the fourth pin is connected to the wireless transceiver to achieve an SPI serial clock, the fifth pin is an input of a laser diode, the sixth pin is power grounded, the seventh pin is a second power supply terminal connected to the power supply module, and the eighth pin is an output of a power regulator. 8. The wireless virtual mouse according to claim 1, wherein:
the wireless transceiver comprises a first pin, a second pin, a third pin, a fourth pin, a fifth pin, a seventh pin, an eighth pin, a ninth pin, a tenth pin, an eleventh pin, a twelfth pin, a thirteenth pin, a fourteenth pin, a fifteenth pin, a sixteenth pin, a seventeenth pin, an eighteenth pin, a nineteenth pin, and a twentieth pin, the second pin, the third pin, the fourth pin, and the fifth pin are serial peripheral interface (SPI) serial ports and the photoelectric motion sensor is connected to the aerial attitude sensor through the second pin, the third pin, the fourth pin, and the fifth pin, the first pin is in a transmitting state when the first pin is not connected to anything, the ninth pin and the tenth pin are connected to a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, the sixteenth pin is connected to an external reference voltage supply, the nineteenth pin is an output of a digital power supply, the eleventh pin is an output of a power amplifier, the twelfth pin and the thirteenth pin are antenna terminals, the eighth pin, the fourteenth pin, the seventeenth pin, and the twentieth pin are power grounded, and the seventh pin, the fifteenth pin, and the eighteenth pin are third power supply terminals connected to the power supply module. 9. The wireless virtual mouse according to claim 1, wherein:
the power supply module comprises a linear charge controller, a voltage regulator, a common cathode diode, a light emitting diode, a power switch, and a battery interface, the linear charge controller comprises a first pin, a second pin, a third pin, a fourth pin, a sixth pin, a seventh pin, and an eighth pin, the first pin of the linear charge controller and the second pin of the linear charge controller are series connected and then connected to a power supply and a first end of a first capacitor, a second end of the first capacitor is grounded so that input filtering is achieved, the third pin is series connected to a first resistor and the light emitting diode and then is series connected with the fourth pin and is power grounded, the sixth pin is series connected to the seventh pin and the eighth pin through a second capacitor so that output filtering is achieved, the common cathode diode is configured to charge and supply power at the same time, the light emitting diode is a charging indicator, the power switch is configured to switch the wireless virtual mouse to be opened and to be closed, the battery interface is configured to connect to a battery, the voltage regulator and peripheral circuits define a voltage regulator circuit, the voltage regulator comprises a first pin and a second pin, the first pin of the voltage regulator is connected to two third capacitors connected in parallel and a first end of a second resistor, a second end of the second resistor is connected to a fourth power supply terminal so that the output filtering is achieved, and the second pin of the voltage regulator is connected to two fourth capacitors connected in parallel so that input filtering is achieved. | 2,600 |
340,073 | 16,801,008 | 2,628 | To clear a blindspot in the way business leaders, analysts and investors make decisions about capital investments in various businesses, the present inventors devised, among other things, business model classification, search, and analysis systems and methods. One exemplary system automatically classifies businesses based on quantitative and qualitative business data according to a 4-class framework that spans traditional industry boundaries. This classification is based on a combination of spending patterns, financial metrics, and language to identify each firm's business model. The resulting business model is then utilized in conjunction with additional financial and non-financial metrics, securities analysis, leading and lagging indicators, and/or industry comparison to produce a score which can be used to compare business performance within and across classifications to generate superior performance and mitigate risks for business leaders and investment managers. | 1. A computer-implemented method of processing annual report and/or 10k filings for one or more businesses, the method comprising:
providing memory circuitry storing a data structure having two or more class identifiers with each of the class identifiers associated with corresponding classes on a same hierarchical level of a classification hierarchy; operating processor circuitry to extract quantitative data and qualitative data from an annual report and/or 10k filing for at least one business entity; and operating processor circuitry to logically associate in memory circuitry a business entity identifier for the one business entity with at least two of the class identifiers on the same hierarchical level of the classification hierarchy based on the extracted qualitative data or the extracted quantitative data. | To clear a blindspot in the way business leaders, analysts and investors make decisions about capital investments in various businesses, the present inventors devised, among other things, business model classification, search, and analysis systems and methods. One exemplary system automatically classifies businesses based on quantitative and qualitative business data according to a 4-class framework that spans traditional industry boundaries. This classification is based on a combination of spending patterns, financial metrics, and language to identify each firm's business model. The resulting business model is then utilized in conjunction with additional financial and non-financial metrics, securities analysis, leading and lagging indicators, and/or industry comparison to produce a score which can be used to compare business performance within and across classifications to generate superior performance and mitigate risks for business leaders and investment managers.1. A computer-implemented method of processing annual report and/or 10k filings for one or more businesses, the method comprising:
providing memory circuitry storing a data structure having two or more class identifiers with each of the class identifiers associated with corresponding classes on a same hierarchical level of a classification hierarchy; operating processor circuitry to extract quantitative data and qualitative data from an annual report and/or 10k filing for at least one business entity; and operating processor circuitry to logically associate in memory circuitry a business entity identifier for the one business entity with at least two of the class identifiers on the same hierarchical level of the classification hierarchy based on the extracted qualitative data or the extracted quantitative data. | 2,600 |
340,074 | 16,801,071 | 2,628 | A complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor device includes a p-type field effect transistor and an n-type filed effect transistor. The p-type filed effect transistor has a first transistor architecture. The n-type field effect transistor is coupled with the p-type field effect transistor and has a second transistor architecture. The second transistor architecture is different from the first transistor architecture. The p-type field effect transistor and the n-type field effect transistor share a same gate structure. | 1. A complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor device, comprising:
a p-type field effect transistor having a first transistor architecture; an n-type field effect transistor coupled with the p-type field effect transistor and having a second transistor architecture different from the first transistor architecture, wherein the p-type field effect transistor and the n-type field effect transistor share a same gate structure. 2. The complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the first transistor architecture is a finFET transistor architecture and the second transistor architecture is a gate-all-around transistor architecture. 3. The complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the p-type field effect transistor includes a first semiconductor structure and the n-type field effect transistor includes a second semiconductor structure different from the first semiconductor structure,
the gate structure mostly contacts the first semiconductor structure along a (110) crystallographic surface, and the gate structure mostly contacts the second semiconductor structure along a (100) crystallographic surface. 4. The complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor device of claim 3, wherein the first semiconductor structure and the second semiconductor structure include a material selected from Si, Ge, SiGe, or a combination thereof. 5. The complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor device of claim 3, wherein the first semiconductor structure is a semiconductor fin and the second semiconductor structure is a nanosheet. 6. The complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the p-type field effect transistor is vertically stacked with the n-type field effect transistor on a semiconductor substrate. 7. The complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the gate structure horizontally extends over a semiconductor substrate from the p-type field effect transistor to the n-type field effect transistor. 8. A complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor device, comprising:
a semiconductor substrate; semiconductor fins, disposed over the semiconductor substrate and extending parallel with respect to each other in a first direction; nanosheets, stacked over the semiconductor substrate and extending in the first direction; and a gate structure, extending along a second direction perpendicular to the first direction and contacting the semiconductor fins and the nanosheets, wherein a contact area between the gate structure and the semiconductor fins extends mostly along the first direction and a third direction perpendicular to the first direction and the second direction, and a contact area between the gate structure and the nanosheets extends mostly along the first direction and the second direction. 9. The complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor device of claim 8, wherein a width of a first semiconductor fin of the semiconductor fins in the second direction is smaller than a width of a first nanosheet of the nanosheets in the second direction, and a height of the first semiconductor fin in the third direction is greater than a height of the first nanosheet in the third direction. 10. The complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor device of claim 8, wherein a width of a first semiconductor fin of the semiconductor fins in the second direction is equal to a width of a first nanosheet of the nanosheets in the second direction, and a height of the first semiconductor fin in the third direction is greater than a height of the first nanosheet in the third direction. 11. The complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor device of claim 8, wherein the nanosheets and the semiconductor fins are disposed on the semiconductor substrate side-by-side along the second direction. 12. The complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor device of claim 8, wherein a first source and drain region contacts the nanosheets and the semiconductor fins at a first side of the gate structure along the first direction, a second source and drain region contacts the nanosheets at a second side of the gate structure opposite to the first side along the first direction, and a third source and drain region contacts the semiconductor fins at the second side of the gate structure. 13. The complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor device of claim 12, wherein the second source and drain region is physically separated from and vertically stacked with the third source and drain region. 14. The complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor device of claim 13, further comprising:
a source and drain contact disposed around the second source and drain region; isolation structures disposed on the semiconductor substrate; and a metal plug buried in the isolation structures and physically contacting the source and drain contact. 15. A manufacturing method of a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor device, comprising:
forming semiconductor fins over a semiconductor substrate; forming nanosheets over the semiconductor substrate; forming a gate structure contacting the semiconductor fins and the nanosheets, wherein a contact area of the gate structure with the semiconductor fins extends mostly along a (110) crystallographic surface of a semiconductor material of the semiconductor fins, and a contact area of the gate structure with the nanosheets extends mostly along a (100) crystallographic surface of a semiconductor material of the nanosheets. 16. The manufacturing method of claim 15, wherein forming semiconductor fins over a semiconductor substrate comprises:
providing alternating stacked semiconductor layers of channel material and sacrificial material on the semiconductor substrate; etching the stacked semiconductor layers of channel material and sacrificial material to form sacrificial fins; removing the sacrificial fins to expose fin bases protruding from the semiconductor substrate; homoepitaxially growing the semiconductor material of the semiconductor fins on the fin bases. 17. The manufacturing method of claim 16, wherein the nanosheets are formed from the stacked semiconductor layers of channel material and sacrificial material on the semiconductor substrate and are formed together with the sacrificial fins. 18. The manufacturing method of claim 17, wherein forming a gate structure comprises:
forming a dummy gate structure extending across the semiconductor fins and the nanosheets; forming gate spacers at sides of the dummy gate; removing the dummy gate structure to open a gate trench in between the gate spacers; removing the sacrificial material of the nanosheets from the gate trench; and providing gate materials within the gate trench. 19. The manufacturing method of claim 18, further comprising:
forming an interlayer dielectric layer surrounding the gate spacers and the dummy gate; opening source and drain trenches in the interlayer dielectric layer exposing portions of the nanosheets and the semiconductor fins at opposite sides of the gate; epitaxially growing source and drain regions in the source and drain trenches; and filling a conductive material in the source and drain trenches. 20. The manufacturing method of claim 19, further comprising:
removing the sacrificial material from the source and drain trenches before epitaxially growing the source and drain regions. | A complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor device includes a p-type field effect transistor and an n-type filed effect transistor. The p-type filed effect transistor has a first transistor architecture. The n-type field effect transistor is coupled with the p-type field effect transistor and has a second transistor architecture. The second transistor architecture is different from the first transistor architecture. The p-type field effect transistor and the n-type field effect transistor share a same gate structure.1. A complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor device, comprising:
a p-type field effect transistor having a first transistor architecture; an n-type field effect transistor coupled with the p-type field effect transistor and having a second transistor architecture different from the first transistor architecture, wherein the p-type field effect transistor and the n-type field effect transistor share a same gate structure. 2. The complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the first transistor architecture is a finFET transistor architecture and the second transistor architecture is a gate-all-around transistor architecture. 3. The complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the p-type field effect transistor includes a first semiconductor structure and the n-type field effect transistor includes a second semiconductor structure different from the first semiconductor structure,
the gate structure mostly contacts the first semiconductor structure along a (110) crystallographic surface, and the gate structure mostly contacts the second semiconductor structure along a (100) crystallographic surface. 4. The complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor device of claim 3, wherein the first semiconductor structure and the second semiconductor structure include a material selected from Si, Ge, SiGe, or a combination thereof. 5. The complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor device of claim 3, wherein the first semiconductor structure is a semiconductor fin and the second semiconductor structure is a nanosheet. 6. The complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the p-type field effect transistor is vertically stacked with the n-type field effect transistor on a semiconductor substrate. 7. The complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the gate structure horizontally extends over a semiconductor substrate from the p-type field effect transistor to the n-type field effect transistor. 8. A complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor device, comprising:
a semiconductor substrate; semiconductor fins, disposed over the semiconductor substrate and extending parallel with respect to each other in a first direction; nanosheets, stacked over the semiconductor substrate and extending in the first direction; and a gate structure, extending along a second direction perpendicular to the first direction and contacting the semiconductor fins and the nanosheets, wherein a contact area between the gate structure and the semiconductor fins extends mostly along the first direction and a third direction perpendicular to the first direction and the second direction, and a contact area between the gate structure and the nanosheets extends mostly along the first direction and the second direction. 9. The complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor device of claim 8, wherein a width of a first semiconductor fin of the semiconductor fins in the second direction is smaller than a width of a first nanosheet of the nanosheets in the second direction, and a height of the first semiconductor fin in the third direction is greater than a height of the first nanosheet in the third direction. 10. The complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor device of claim 8, wherein a width of a first semiconductor fin of the semiconductor fins in the second direction is equal to a width of a first nanosheet of the nanosheets in the second direction, and a height of the first semiconductor fin in the third direction is greater than a height of the first nanosheet in the third direction. 11. The complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor device of claim 8, wherein the nanosheets and the semiconductor fins are disposed on the semiconductor substrate side-by-side along the second direction. 12. The complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor device of claim 8, wherein a first source and drain region contacts the nanosheets and the semiconductor fins at a first side of the gate structure along the first direction, a second source and drain region contacts the nanosheets at a second side of the gate structure opposite to the first side along the first direction, and a third source and drain region contacts the semiconductor fins at the second side of the gate structure. 13. The complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor device of claim 12, wherein the second source and drain region is physically separated from and vertically stacked with the third source and drain region. 14. The complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor device of claim 13, further comprising:
a source and drain contact disposed around the second source and drain region; isolation structures disposed on the semiconductor substrate; and a metal plug buried in the isolation structures and physically contacting the source and drain contact. 15. A manufacturing method of a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor device, comprising:
forming semiconductor fins over a semiconductor substrate; forming nanosheets over the semiconductor substrate; forming a gate structure contacting the semiconductor fins and the nanosheets, wherein a contact area of the gate structure with the semiconductor fins extends mostly along a (110) crystallographic surface of a semiconductor material of the semiconductor fins, and a contact area of the gate structure with the nanosheets extends mostly along a (100) crystallographic surface of a semiconductor material of the nanosheets. 16. The manufacturing method of claim 15, wherein forming semiconductor fins over a semiconductor substrate comprises:
providing alternating stacked semiconductor layers of channel material and sacrificial material on the semiconductor substrate; etching the stacked semiconductor layers of channel material and sacrificial material to form sacrificial fins; removing the sacrificial fins to expose fin bases protruding from the semiconductor substrate; homoepitaxially growing the semiconductor material of the semiconductor fins on the fin bases. 17. The manufacturing method of claim 16, wherein the nanosheets are formed from the stacked semiconductor layers of channel material and sacrificial material on the semiconductor substrate and are formed together with the sacrificial fins. 18. The manufacturing method of claim 17, wherein forming a gate structure comprises:
forming a dummy gate structure extending across the semiconductor fins and the nanosheets; forming gate spacers at sides of the dummy gate; removing the dummy gate structure to open a gate trench in between the gate spacers; removing the sacrificial material of the nanosheets from the gate trench; and providing gate materials within the gate trench. 19. The manufacturing method of claim 18, further comprising:
forming an interlayer dielectric layer surrounding the gate spacers and the dummy gate; opening source and drain trenches in the interlayer dielectric layer exposing portions of the nanosheets and the semiconductor fins at opposite sides of the gate; epitaxially growing source and drain regions in the source and drain trenches; and filling a conductive material in the source and drain trenches. 20. The manufacturing method of claim 19, further comprising:
removing the sacrificial material from the source and drain trenches before epitaxially growing the source and drain regions. | 2,600 |
340,075 | 16,801,085 | 2,628 | A complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor device includes a p-type field effect transistor and an n-type filed effect transistor. The p-type filed effect transistor has a first transistor architecture. The n-type field effect transistor is coupled with the p-type field effect transistor and has a second transistor architecture. The second transistor architecture is different from the first transistor architecture. The p-type field effect transistor and the n-type field effect transistor share a same gate structure. | 1. A complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor device, comprising:
a p-type field effect transistor having a first transistor architecture; an n-type field effect transistor coupled with the p-type field effect transistor and having a second transistor architecture different from the first transistor architecture, wherein the p-type field effect transistor and the n-type field effect transistor share a same gate structure. 2. The complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the first transistor architecture is a finFET transistor architecture and the second transistor architecture is a gate-all-around transistor architecture. 3. The complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the p-type field effect transistor includes a first semiconductor structure and the n-type field effect transistor includes a second semiconductor structure different from the first semiconductor structure,
the gate structure mostly contacts the first semiconductor structure along a (110) crystallographic surface, and the gate structure mostly contacts the second semiconductor structure along a (100) crystallographic surface. 4. The complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor device of claim 3, wherein the first semiconductor structure and the second semiconductor structure include a material selected from Si, Ge, SiGe, or a combination thereof. 5. The complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor device of claim 3, wherein the first semiconductor structure is a semiconductor fin and the second semiconductor structure is a nanosheet. 6. The complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the p-type field effect transistor is vertically stacked with the n-type field effect transistor on a semiconductor substrate. 7. The complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the gate structure horizontally extends over a semiconductor substrate from the p-type field effect transistor to the n-type field effect transistor. 8. A complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor device, comprising:
a semiconductor substrate; semiconductor fins, disposed over the semiconductor substrate and extending parallel with respect to each other in a first direction; nanosheets, stacked over the semiconductor substrate and extending in the first direction; and a gate structure, extending along a second direction perpendicular to the first direction and contacting the semiconductor fins and the nanosheets, wherein a contact area between the gate structure and the semiconductor fins extends mostly along the first direction and a third direction perpendicular to the first direction and the second direction, and a contact area between the gate structure and the nanosheets extends mostly along the first direction and the second direction. 9. The complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor device of claim 8, wherein a width of a first semiconductor fin of the semiconductor fins in the second direction is smaller than a width of a first nanosheet of the nanosheets in the second direction, and a height of the first semiconductor fin in the third direction is greater than a height of the first nanosheet in the third direction. 10. The complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor device of claim 8, wherein a width of a first semiconductor fin of the semiconductor fins in the second direction is equal to a width of a first nanosheet of the nanosheets in the second direction, and a height of the first semiconductor fin in the third direction is greater than a height of the first nanosheet in the third direction. 11. The complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor device of claim 8, wherein the nanosheets and the semiconductor fins are disposed on the semiconductor substrate side-by-side along the second direction. 12. The complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor device of claim 8, wherein a first source and drain region contacts the nanosheets and the semiconductor fins at a first side of the gate structure along the first direction, a second source and drain region contacts the nanosheets at a second side of the gate structure opposite to the first side along the first direction, and a third source and drain region contacts the semiconductor fins at the second side of the gate structure. 13. The complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor device of claim 12, wherein the second source and drain region is physically separated from and vertically stacked with the third source and drain region. 14. The complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor device of claim 13, further comprising:
a source and drain contact disposed around the second source and drain region; isolation structures disposed on the semiconductor substrate; and a metal plug buried in the isolation structures and physically contacting the source and drain contact. 15. A manufacturing method of a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor device, comprising:
forming semiconductor fins over a semiconductor substrate; forming nanosheets over the semiconductor substrate; forming a gate structure contacting the semiconductor fins and the nanosheets, wherein a contact area of the gate structure with the semiconductor fins extends mostly along a (110) crystallographic surface of a semiconductor material of the semiconductor fins, and a contact area of the gate structure with the nanosheets extends mostly along a (100) crystallographic surface of a semiconductor material of the nanosheets. 16. The manufacturing method of claim 15, wherein forming semiconductor fins over a semiconductor substrate comprises:
providing alternating stacked semiconductor layers of channel material and sacrificial material on the semiconductor substrate; etching the stacked semiconductor layers of channel material and sacrificial material to form sacrificial fins; removing the sacrificial fins to expose fin bases protruding from the semiconductor substrate; homoepitaxially growing the semiconductor material of the semiconductor fins on the fin bases. 17. The manufacturing method of claim 16, wherein the nanosheets are formed from the stacked semiconductor layers of channel material and sacrificial material on the semiconductor substrate and are formed together with the sacrificial fins. 18. The manufacturing method of claim 17, wherein forming a gate structure comprises:
forming a dummy gate structure extending across the semiconductor fins and the nanosheets; forming gate spacers at sides of the dummy gate; removing the dummy gate structure to open a gate trench in between the gate spacers; removing the sacrificial material of the nanosheets from the gate trench; and providing gate materials within the gate trench. 19. The manufacturing method of claim 18, further comprising:
forming an interlayer dielectric layer surrounding the gate spacers and the dummy gate; opening source and drain trenches in the interlayer dielectric layer exposing portions of the nanosheets and the semiconductor fins at opposite sides of the gate; epitaxially growing source and drain regions in the source and drain trenches; and filling a conductive material in the source and drain trenches. 20. The manufacturing method of claim 19, further comprising:
removing the sacrificial material from the source and drain trenches before epitaxially growing the source and drain regions. | A complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor device includes a p-type field effect transistor and an n-type filed effect transistor. The p-type filed effect transistor has a first transistor architecture. The n-type field effect transistor is coupled with the p-type field effect transistor and has a second transistor architecture. The second transistor architecture is different from the first transistor architecture. The p-type field effect transistor and the n-type field effect transistor share a same gate structure.1. A complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor device, comprising:
a p-type field effect transistor having a first transistor architecture; an n-type field effect transistor coupled with the p-type field effect transistor and having a second transistor architecture different from the first transistor architecture, wherein the p-type field effect transistor and the n-type field effect transistor share a same gate structure. 2. The complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the first transistor architecture is a finFET transistor architecture and the second transistor architecture is a gate-all-around transistor architecture. 3. The complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the p-type field effect transistor includes a first semiconductor structure and the n-type field effect transistor includes a second semiconductor structure different from the first semiconductor structure,
the gate structure mostly contacts the first semiconductor structure along a (110) crystallographic surface, and the gate structure mostly contacts the second semiconductor structure along a (100) crystallographic surface. 4. The complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor device of claim 3, wherein the first semiconductor structure and the second semiconductor structure include a material selected from Si, Ge, SiGe, or a combination thereof. 5. The complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor device of claim 3, wherein the first semiconductor structure is a semiconductor fin and the second semiconductor structure is a nanosheet. 6. The complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the p-type field effect transistor is vertically stacked with the n-type field effect transistor on a semiconductor substrate. 7. The complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the gate structure horizontally extends over a semiconductor substrate from the p-type field effect transistor to the n-type field effect transistor. 8. A complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor device, comprising:
a semiconductor substrate; semiconductor fins, disposed over the semiconductor substrate and extending parallel with respect to each other in a first direction; nanosheets, stacked over the semiconductor substrate and extending in the first direction; and a gate structure, extending along a second direction perpendicular to the first direction and contacting the semiconductor fins and the nanosheets, wherein a contact area between the gate structure and the semiconductor fins extends mostly along the first direction and a third direction perpendicular to the first direction and the second direction, and a contact area between the gate structure and the nanosheets extends mostly along the first direction and the second direction. 9. The complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor device of claim 8, wherein a width of a first semiconductor fin of the semiconductor fins in the second direction is smaller than a width of a first nanosheet of the nanosheets in the second direction, and a height of the first semiconductor fin in the third direction is greater than a height of the first nanosheet in the third direction. 10. The complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor device of claim 8, wherein a width of a first semiconductor fin of the semiconductor fins in the second direction is equal to a width of a first nanosheet of the nanosheets in the second direction, and a height of the first semiconductor fin in the third direction is greater than a height of the first nanosheet in the third direction. 11. The complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor device of claim 8, wherein the nanosheets and the semiconductor fins are disposed on the semiconductor substrate side-by-side along the second direction. 12. The complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor device of claim 8, wherein a first source and drain region contacts the nanosheets and the semiconductor fins at a first side of the gate structure along the first direction, a second source and drain region contacts the nanosheets at a second side of the gate structure opposite to the first side along the first direction, and a third source and drain region contacts the semiconductor fins at the second side of the gate structure. 13. The complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor device of claim 12, wherein the second source and drain region is physically separated from and vertically stacked with the third source and drain region. 14. The complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor device of claim 13, further comprising:
a source and drain contact disposed around the second source and drain region; isolation structures disposed on the semiconductor substrate; and a metal plug buried in the isolation structures and physically contacting the source and drain contact. 15. A manufacturing method of a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor device, comprising:
forming semiconductor fins over a semiconductor substrate; forming nanosheets over the semiconductor substrate; forming a gate structure contacting the semiconductor fins and the nanosheets, wherein a contact area of the gate structure with the semiconductor fins extends mostly along a (110) crystallographic surface of a semiconductor material of the semiconductor fins, and a contact area of the gate structure with the nanosheets extends mostly along a (100) crystallographic surface of a semiconductor material of the nanosheets. 16. The manufacturing method of claim 15, wherein forming semiconductor fins over a semiconductor substrate comprises:
providing alternating stacked semiconductor layers of channel material and sacrificial material on the semiconductor substrate; etching the stacked semiconductor layers of channel material and sacrificial material to form sacrificial fins; removing the sacrificial fins to expose fin bases protruding from the semiconductor substrate; homoepitaxially growing the semiconductor material of the semiconductor fins on the fin bases. 17. The manufacturing method of claim 16, wherein the nanosheets are formed from the stacked semiconductor layers of channel material and sacrificial material on the semiconductor substrate and are formed together with the sacrificial fins. 18. The manufacturing method of claim 17, wherein forming a gate structure comprises:
forming a dummy gate structure extending across the semiconductor fins and the nanosheets; forming gate spacers at sides of the dummy gate; removing the dummy gate structure to open a gate trench in between the gate spacers; removing the sacrificial material of the nanosheets from the gate trench; and providing gate materials within the gate trench. 19. The manufacturing method of claim 18, further comprising:
forming an interlayer dielectric layer surrounding the gate spacers and the dummy gate; opening source and drain trenches in the interlayer dielectric layer exposing portions of the nanosheets and the semiconductor fins at opposite sides of the gate; epitaxially growing source and drain regions in the source and drain trenches; and filling a conductive material in the source and drain trenches. 20. The manufacturing method of claim 19, further comprising:
removing the sacrificial material from the source and drain trenches before epitaxially growing the source and drain regions. | 2,600 |
340,076 | 16,801,018 | 2,628 | Systems, devices, and methods to treat a urinary bladder are disclosed. An expandable member is introduced and expanded in the urinary bladder to appose one or more elongate conductors on the outer surface of the expandable member against the inner wall of the urinary bladder. The one or more elongate conductors are used to create a predetermined pattern of electrically isolated tissue regions having reduced electrical propagation such that electrical propagation through the urinary bladder as a whole is reduced. A mucus layer may be removed from the inner bladder wall prior to the ablation. Ablation may be regulated by impedance measurement with the one or more elongate conductors. The urinary bladder may be filled with a fluid to facilitate the impedance measurement. | 1. A system for treating a urinary bladder, the system comprising:
a catheter shaft; an expandable member coupled to a distal end of the catheter shaft and configured to be expanded within the urinary bladder; at least one elongate conductor disposed on an outer surface of the expandable member and configured to ablate an inner wall of the urinary bladder when the expandable member is expanded within the urinary bladder; and at least one shield disposed on the outer surface of the expandable member to cover at least one ureteral orifice when the expandable member is expanded within the urinary bladder. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one shield is inserted into the urinary bladder separately from the expandable member. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one shield has one or more of a triangular, square, oblong, heart, letter V, letter U, letter C, spiral, elliptical, oval, circular, or oblong shape. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one shield comprises a first shield for covering a first ureteral orifice and a second shield for covering a second ureteral orifice. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one shield is electrically or thermally insulative. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one elongate conductor is configured to ablate the inner wall of the urinary bladder to modify one or more of sub-endothelial tissue or mucosal tissue of said wall. 7. A device for treating a disorder in a urinary bladder, the device comprising:
a shaft advancable through a urethra of a patient to reach the urinary bladder, the shaft having a longitudinal axis; an expandable member coupled to a distal end of the shaft, the expandable member having a collapsed configuration advancable through the bodily passage to reach the cavity of the organ and an expanded configuration configured to contact an inner wall of the urinary bladder when the expandable member is advanced therein, wherein the expandable member in at least the expanded configuration has a central axis offset from the longitudinal axis of the shaft; and at least one elongate conductor disposed over an outer surface of the expandable member and configured to contact the inner wall of the urinary bladder when the expandable member is advanced and expanded therein to create a predetermined pattern of one or more ablation lines therein, wherein the central axis of the expandable member is offset from the longitudinal axis of the shaft at a tilt angle greater than 0 such that the at least one elongate conductor avoids contact with ureteral orifices of the urinary bladder when the shaft is advanced through the urethra and the expandable member is expanded within the urinary bladder. 8. The device of claim 7, wherein the at least one elongate conductor comprises at least one longitudinal conductor and at least one latitudinal conductor. 9. The device of claim 8, wherein at least a part of the at least one latitudinal conductor is configured to be parallel to the at least one longitudinal conductor when the expandable member is collapsed, and substantially parallel to an equator of the expandable member when the expandable member is expanded. 10. The device of claim 8, wherein the at least one longitudinal conductor is parallel to a longitudinal axis of the shaft. 11. The device of claim 7, wherein the predetermined pattern of the one or more ablation lines is configured to create tissue regions having reduced electrical propagation in the inner wall of the urinary bladder. 12. The device of claim 7, wherein the expandable member is disposed over a distal end of the shaft, and the distal end of the shaft is telescopic to extend in length as the expandable member transitions from the collapsed to the expanded configuration. 13. The device of claim 12, wherein the telescopic distal end of the shaft varies in length from 2 cm to 5 cm when collapsed to 4 cm to 15 cm when fully extended. 14. The device of claim 7, wherein the tilt angle is between 0 and 90 degrees. 15. The device of claim 7, further comprising a hinge coupling the shaft and the expandable member. 16. The device of claim 7, wherein the at least one elongate conductor is configured to ablate the inner wall of the urinary bladder to modify one or more of sub-endothelial tissue or mucosal tissue of said wall. 17. A device for treating a disorder in a urinary bladder, the device comprising:
a shaft advancable through a urethra of a patient to reach the urinary bladder, the shaft having a longitudinal axis; an expandable member coupled to a distal end of the shaft, the expandable member having a collapsed configuration advancable through the bodily passage to reach the cavity of the organ and an expanded configuration configured to contact an inner wall of the urinary bladder when the expandable member is advanced therein; and at least one elongate conductor disposed over an outer surface of the expandable member and configured to contact the inner wall of the urinary bladder when the expandable member is advanced and expanded therein to create a predetermined pattern of one or more ablation lines therein, wherein the at least one elongate conductor comprises at least one longitudinal conductor and at least one latitudinal conductor, and wherein the at least one latitudinal conductor is configured to be inclined in relation to the at least one longitudinal conductor when the expandable member is expanded. 18. The device of claim 17, wherein the at least one latitudinal conductor is configured to be inclined in relation to the at least one longitudinal conductor between 15 to 90 degrees when the expandable member is expanded. 19. The device of claim 17, wherein the at least one latitudinal conductor is configured to be anteriorly inclined in relation to a long axis of a body of the patient when the expandable member is advanced into and expanded within the urinary bladder. 20. The device of claim 17, wherein the inclination of the at least one latitudinal conductor in relation to the at least one longitudinal conductor is expanded based on a distance between a ureteral orifice and a bladder neck of the urinary bladder. 21. The device of claim 17, wherein the at least one elongate conductor is configured to ablate the inner wall of the urinary bladder to modify one or more of sub-endothelial tissue or mucosal tissue of said wall. | Systems, devices, and methods to treat a urinary bladder are disclosed. An expandable member is introduced and expanded in the urinary bladder to appose one or more elongate conductors on the outer surface of the expandable member against the inner wall of the urinary bladder. The one or more elongate conductors are used to create a predetermined pattern of electrically isolated tissue regions having reduced electrical propagation such that electrical propagation through the urinary bladder as a whole is reduced. A mucus layer may be removed from the inner bladder wall prior to the ablation. Ablation may be regulated by impedance measurement with the one or more elongate conductors. The urinary bladder may be filled with a fluid to facilitate the impedance measurement.1. A system for treating a urinary bladder, the system comprising:
a catheter shaft; an expandable member coupled to a distal end of the catheter shaft and configured to be expanded within the urinary bladder; at least one elongate conductor disposed on an outer surface of the expandable member and configured to ablate an inner wall of the urinary bladder when the expandable member is expanded within the urinary bladder; and at least one shield disposed on the outer surface of the expandable member to cover at least one ureteral orifice when the expandable member is expanded within the urinary bladder. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one shield is inserted into the urinary bladder separately from the expandable member. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one shield has one or more of a triangular, square, oblong, heart, letter V, letter U, letter C, spiral, elliptical, oval, circular, or oblong shape. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one shield comprises a first shield for covering a first ureteral orifice and a second shield for covering a second ureteral orifice. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one shield is electrically or thermally insulative. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one elongate conductor is configured to ablate the inner wall of the urinary bladder to modify one or more of sub-endothelial tissue or mucosal tissue of said wall. 7. A device for treating a disorder in a urinary bladder, the device comprising:
a shaft advancable through a urethra of a patient to reach the urinary bladder, the shaft having a longitudinal axis; an expandable member coupled to a distal end of the shaft, the expandable member having a collapsed configuration advancable through the bodily passage to reach the cavity of the organ and an expanded configuration configured to contact an inner wall of the urinary bladder when the expandable member is advanced therein, wherein the expandable member in at least the expanded configuration has a central axis offset from the longitudinal axis of the shaft; and at least one elongate conductor disposed over an outer surface of the expandable member and configured to contact the inner wall of the urinary bladder when the expandable member is advanced and expanded therein to create a predetermined pattern of one or more ablation lines therein, wherein the central axis of the expandable member is offset from the longitudinal axis of the shaft at a tilt angle greater than 0 such that the at least one elongate conductor avoids contact with ureteral orifices of the urinary bladder when the shaft is advanced through the urethra and the expandable member is expanded within the urinary bladder. 8. The device of claim 7, wherein the at least one elongate conductor comprises at least one longitudinal conductor and at least one latitudinal conductor. 9. The device of claim 8, wherein at least a part of the at least one latitudinal conductor is configured to be parallel to the at least one longitudinal conductor when the expandable member is collapsed, and substantially parallel to an equator of the expandable member when the expandable member is expanded. 10. The device of claim 8, wherein the at least one longitudinal conductor is parallel to a longitudinal axis of the shaft. 11. The device of claim 7, wherein the predetermined pattern of the one or more ablation lines is configured to create tissue regions having reduced electrical propagation in the inner wall of the urinary bladder. 12. The device of claim 7, wherein the expandable member is disposed over a distal end of the shaft, and the distal end of the shaft is telescopic to extend in length as the expandable member transitions from the collapsed to the expanded configuration. 13. The device of claim 12, wherein the telescopic distal end of the shaft varies in length from 2 cm to 5 cm when collapsed to 4 cm to 15 cm when fully extended. 14. The device of claim 7, wherein the tilt angle is between 0 and 90 degrees. 15. The device of claim 7, further comprising a hinge coupling the shaft and the expandable member. 16. The device of claim 7, wherein the at least one elongate conductor is configured to ablate the inner wall of the urinary bladder to modify one or more of sub-endothelial tissue or mucosal tissue of said wall. 17. A device for treating a disorder in a urinary bladder, the device comprising:
a shaft advancable through a urethra of a patient to reach the urinary bladder, the shaft having a longitudinal axis; an expandable member coupled to a distal end of the shaft, the expandable member having a collapsed configuration advancable through the bodily passage to reach the cavity of the organ and an expanded configuration configured to contact an inner wall of the urinary bladder when the expandable member is advanced therein; and at least one elongate conductor disposed over an outer surface of the expandable member and configured to contact the inner wall of the urinary bladder when the expandable member is advanced and expanded therein to create a predetermined pattern of one or more ablation lines therein, wherein the at least one elongate conductor comprises at least one longitudinal conductor and at least one latitudinal conductor, and wherein the at least one latitudinal conductor is configured to be inclined in relation to the at least one longitudinal conductor when the expandable member is expanded. 18. The device of claim 17, wherein the at least one latitudinal conductor is configured to be inclined in relation to the at least one longitudinal conductor between 15 to 90 degrees when the expandable member is expanded. 19. The device of claim 17, wherein the at least one latitudinal conductor is configured to be anteriorly inclined in relation to a long axis of a body of the patient when the expandable member is advanced into and expanded within the urinary bladder. 20. The device of claim 17, wherein the inclination of the at least one latitudinal conductor in relation to the at least one longitudinal conductor is expanded based on a distance between a ureteral orifice and a bladder neck of the urinary bladder. 21. The device of claim 17, wherein the at least one elongate conductor is configured to ablate the inner wall of the urinary bladder to modify one or more of sub-endothelial tissue or mucosal tissue of said wall. | 2,600 |
340,077 | 16,801,014 | 2,628 | Disclosed herein are glycidol-based polymers, nanoparticles, and methods related thereto useful for drug delivery. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present invention. | 1. A method for making a polymer, the method comprising polymerizing glycidol to form the polymer, the polymer comprising repeating units selected from: 2. The method of claim 1, wherein polymerizing glycidol is performed at a temperature ranging from −80° C. to 50° C. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising crosslinking the polymer with crosslinks. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the crosslinks comprise one or more of 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the ratio of (A1+A2):(B1+B2) is greater than 10. 6. A method for making a polymer, the method comprising polymerizing glycidol to form the polymer, the polymer comprising at least one repeating unit formed from a monomer selected from: 7. The method of claim 6, wherein polymerizing glycidol is performed at a temperature ranging from −80° C. to 50° C. 8. The method of claim 6, further comprising crosslinking the polymer with crosslinks. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the crosslinks comprise one or more of: 10. A method of forming a nanoparticle comprising:
polymerizing glycidol to form a polymer, the polymer comprising at least one repeating unit formed from a monomer selected from: 11. The method of claim 11, wherein polymerizing glycidol is performed at a temperature ranging from −80° C. to 50° C. 12. A nanoparticle, formed from the method of claim 10. | Disclosed herein are glycidol-based polymers, nanoparticles, and methods related thereto useful for drug delivery. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present invention.1. A method for making a polymer, the method comprising polymerizing glycidol to form the polymer, the polymer comprising repeating units selected from: 2. The method of claim 1, wherein polymerizing glycidol is performed at a temperature ranging from −80° C. to 50° C. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising crosslinking the polymer with crosslinks. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the crosslinks comprise one or more of 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the ratio of (A1+A2):(B1+B2) is greater than 10. 6. A method for making a polymer, the method comprising polymerizing glycidol to form the polymer, the polymer comprising at least one repeating unit formed from a monomer selected from: 7. The method of claim 6, wherein polymerizing glycidol is performed at a temperature ranging from −80° C. to 50° C. 8. The method of claim 6, further comprising crosslinking the polymer with crosslinks. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the crosslinks comprise one or more of: 10. A method of forming a nanoparticle comprising:
polymerizing glycidol to form a polymer, the polymer comprising at least one repeating unit formed from a monomer selected from: 11. The method of claim 11, wherein polymerizing glycidol is performed at a temperature ranging from −80° C. to 50° C. 12. A nanoparticle, formed from the method of claim 10. | 2,600 |
340,078 | 16,801,084 | 3,746 | A fan engagement structure for the fan to quickly and securely plug into or extract out of another structure. The fan engagement structure includes a frame main body. The frame main body has a first end and a second end. The frame main body has an internal hollow passage. The first end is mated with a fan. The frame main body has a first side and a second side. An engagement elastic plate extends from the first side. The surface of the engagement elastic plate has a latch section. The second side has a finger latch section, whereby the fan can be quickly and securely plugged into or extracted out of the other structure. | 1. A fan engagement structure for the fan to quickly and securely plug into or extract out of another structure, the fan engagement structure comprising a frame main body, the frame main body having a first end and a second end, the frame main body having an internal hollow passage, the first end being mated with a fan, the frame main body having a first side and a second side, an engagement elastic plate extending from the first side, a surface of the engagement elastic plate having a latch section, the second side having a finger latch section, whereby the fan can be quickly and securely plugged into or extracted out of the other structure. 2. The fan engagement structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein only one end of the engagement elastic plate is connected with the first side of the frame main body, a left side and a right sides of the engagement elastic plate respectively having a first gap and a second gap. 3. The fan engagement structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first end has a mesh body. 4. The fan engagement structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the finger latch section extends from an edge of the second side and has a perpendicularly extending section and a U-shaped extending section, the perpendicularly extending section and the U-shaped extending section being connected with each other. 5. The fan engagement structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein each of four corners of the frame main body is formed with a through hole. 6. The fan engagement structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first end of the frame main body is mated with a wind outlet side of the fan. 7. The fan engagement structure as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a connection port end mated with one end of the fan opposite to the frame main body. 8. The fan engagement structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the latch section is raised from the surface of the engagement elastic plate. | A fan engagement structure for the fan to quickly and securely plug into or extract out of another structure. The fan engagement structure includes a frame main body. The frame main body has a first end and a second end. The frame main body has an internal hollow passage. The first end is mated with a fan. The frame main body has a first side and a second side. An engagement elastic plate extends from the first side. The surface of the engagement elastic plate has a latch section. The second side has a finger latch section, whereby the fan can be quickly and securely plugged into or extracted out of the other structure.1. A fan engagement structure for the fan to quickly and securely plug into or extract out of another structure, the fan engagement structure comprising a frame main body, the frame main body having a first end and a second end, the frame main body having an internal hollow passage, the first end being mated with a fan, the frame main body having a first side and a second side, an engagement elastic plate extending from the first side, a surface of the engagement elastic plate having a latch section, the second side having a finger latch section, whereby the fan can be quickly and securely plugged into or extracted out of the other structure. 2. The fan engagement structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein only one end of the engagement elastic plate is connected with the first side of the frame main body, a left side and a right sides of the engagement elastic plate respectively having a first gap and a second gap. 3. The fan engagement structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first end has a mesh body. 4. The fan engagement structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the finger latch section extends from an edge of the second side and has a perpendicularly extending section and a U-shaped extending section, the perpendicularly extending section and the U-shaped extending section being connected with each other. 5. The fan engagement structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein each of four corners of the frame main body is formed with a through hole. 6. The fan engagement structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first end of the frame main body is mated with a wind outlet side of the fan. 7. The fan engagement structure as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a connection port end mated with one end of the fan opposite to the frame main body. 8. The fan engagement structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the latch section is raised from the surface of the engagement elastic plate. | 3,700 |
340,079 | 16,801,087 | 3,746 | Disclosed embodiments include illustrative piezoelectric element array assemblies, methods of fabricating a piezoelectric element array assembly, and systems and methods for shearing cellular material. Given by way of non-limiting example, an illustrative piezoelectric element array assembly includes at least one piezoelectric element configured to produce ultrasound energy responsive to amplified driving pulses. A lens layer is bonded to the at least one piezoelectric element. The lens layer has a plurality of lenses formed therein that are configured to focus ultrasound energy created by single ones of the at least one piezoelectric element into a plurality of wells of a microplate disposable in ultrasonic communication with the lens layer, wherein more than one of the plurality of lenses overlie single ones of the at least one piezoelectric element. | 1. A piezoelectric element array assembly comprising:
at least one piezoelectric element configured to produce ultrasound energy responsive to amplified driving pulses; and a lens layer bonded to the at least one piezoelectric element, the lens layer having a plurality of lenses formed therein that are configured to focus ultrasound energy created by single ones of the at least one piezoelectric element into a plurality of wells of a microplate disposable in ultrasonic communication with the lens layer, wherein more than one of the plurality of lenses overlie single ones of the at least one piezoelectric element. 2. The piezoelectric element array assembly of claim 1, wherein the at least one piezoelectric element includes a column of two piezoelectric elements. 3. The piezoelectric element array assembly of claim 1, wherein the at least one piezoelectric element includes a column of four piezoelectric elements. 4. The piezoelectric element array assembly of claim 1, wherein the at least one piezoelectric element includes a column of six piezoelectric elements. 5. The piezoelectric element array assembly of claim 1, wherein the at least one piezoelectric element includes a column of eight piezoelectric elements. 6. The piezoelectric element array assembly of claim 1, wherein the at least one piezoelectric element includes a column of twelve piezoelectric elements. 7. The piezoelectric element array assembly of claim 1, wherein four lenses overlie single ones of the at least one piezoelectric element. 8. The piezoelectric element array assembly of claim 1, wherein the at least one piezoelectric element is made of a material including lead zirconate titanate. 9. The piezoelectric element array assembly of claim 1, wherein the lens layer is made of a material having an acoustic impedance between acoustic impedance of the at least one piezoelectric element and a coupling fluid that is disposable between the lens layer and a microplate. 10. The piezoelectric element array assembly of claim 1, wherein the lens layer is made of a material chosen from graphite and fluorphlogopite mica in a borosilicate glass matrix. 11. A method of fabricating a piezoelectric element array assembly, the method comprising:
providing at least one piezoelectric element configured to produce ultrasound energy responsive to amplified driving pulses; and bonding a lens layer to the at least one piezoelectric element, the lens layer having a plurality of lenses formed therein that are configured to focus ultrasound energy created by single ones of the at least one piezoelectric element into a plurality of wells of a microplate disposable in ultrasonic communication with the lens layer, wherein more than one of the plurality of lenses overlie single ones of the at least one piezoelectric element. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the at least one piezoelectric element includes a column of two piezoelectric elements. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the at least one piezoelectric element includes a column of four piezoelectric elements. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the at least one piezoelectric element includes a column of six piezoelectric elements. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the at least one piezoelectric element includes a column of eight piezoelectric elements. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein the at least one piezoelectric element includes a column of twelve piezoelectric elements. 17. The method of claim 11, wherein four lenses overlie single ones of the at least one piezoelectric element. 18.-62. (canceled) | Disclosed embodiments include illustrative piezoelectric element array assemblies, methods of fabricating a piezoelectric element array assembly, and systems and methods for shearing cellular material. Given by way of non-limiting example, an illustrative piezoelectric element array assembly includes at least one piezoelectric element configured to produce ultrasound energy responsive to amplified driving pulses. A lens layer is bonded to the at least one piezoelectric element. The lens layer has a plurality of lenses formed therein that are configured to focus ultrasound energy created by single ones of the at least one piezoelectric element into a plurality of wells of a microplate disposable in ultrasonic communication with the lens layer, wherein more than one of the plurality of lenses overlie single ones of the at least one piezoelectric element.1. A piezoelectric element array assembly comprising:
at least one piezoelectric element configured to produce ultrasound energy responsive to amplified driving pulses; and a lens layer bonded to the at least one piezoelectric element, the lens layer having a plurality of lenses formed therein that are configured to focus ultrasound energy created by single ones of the at least one piezoelectric element into a plurality of wells of a microplate disposable in ultrasonic communication with the lens layer, wherein more than one of the plurality of lenses overlie single ones of the at least one piezoelectric element. 2. The piezoelectric element array assembly of claim 1, wherein the at least one piezoelectric element includes a column of two piezoelectric elements. 3. The piezoelectric element array assembly of claim 1, wherein the at least one piezoelectric element includes a column of four piezoelectric elements. 4. The piezoelectric element array assembly of claim 1, wherein the at least one piezoelectric element includes a column of six piezoelectric elements. 5. The piezoelectric element array assembly of claim 1, wherein the at least one piezoelectric element includes a column of eight piezoelectric elements. 6. The piezoelectric element array assembly of claim 1, wherein the at least one piezoelectric element includes a column of twelve piezoelectric elements. 7. The piezoelectric element array assembly of claim 1, wherein four lenses overlie single ones of the at least one piezoelectric element. 8. The piezoelectric element array assembly of claim 1, wherein the at least one piezoelectric element is made of a material including lead zirconate titanate. 9. The piezoelectric element array assembly of claim 1, wherein the lens layer is made of a material having an acoustic impedance between acoustic impedance of the at least one piezoelectric element and a coupling fluid that is disposable between the lens layer and a microplate. 10. The piezoelectric element array assembly of claim 1, wherein the lens layer is made of a material chosen from graphite and fluorphlogopite mica in a borosilicate glass matrix. 11. A method of fabricating a piezoelectric element array assembly, the method comprising:
providing at least one piezoelectric element configured to produce ultrasound energy responsive to amplified driving pulses; and bonding a lens layer to the at least one piezoelectric element, the lens layer having a plurality of lenses formed therein that are configured to focus ultrasound energy created by single ones of the at least one piezoelectric element into a plurality of wells of a microplate disposable in ultrasonic communication with the lens layer, wherein more than one of the plurality of lenses overlie single ones of the at least one piezoelectric element. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the at least one piezoelectric element includes a column of two piezoelectric elements. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the at least one piezoelectric element includes a column of four piezoelectric elements. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the at least one piezoelectric element includes a column of six piezoelectric elements. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the at least one piezoelectric element includes a column of eight piezoelectric elements. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein the at least one piezoelectric element includes a column of twelve piezoelectric elements. 17. The method of claim 11, wherein four lenses overlie single ones of the at least one piezoelectric element. 18.-62. (canceled) | 3,700 |
340,080 | 16,801,077 | 3,746 | A solid-state imaging device includes: a pixel unit in which pixels are arranged in a matrix pattern; and a pixel signal read-out unit including an AD conversion unit performing analog-to-digital (AD) conversion of a pixel signal read out from the pixel unit, wherein each pixel included in the pixel unit includes division pixels divided into regions in which photosensitivity levels or electric charge accumulating amounts are different from one another, the pixel signal reading unit includes a normal read-out mode and a multiple read-out mode, and includes a function of changing a configuration of a frame in accordance with a change of the read-out mode, and wherein the AD conversion unit acquires a pixel signal of one pixel by adding the division pixel signals while performing AD conversion for the division pixel signals. | 1-13. (canceled) 14. An imaging device, comprising:
a pixel unit having a first pixel, a second pixel, a third pixel, and a fourth pixel arranged in a 2×2 matrix, wherein the first pixel, the second pixel, the third pixel, and the fourth pixel share a color filter of a single color and a floating diffusion element, wherein the first pixel and the second pixel are adjacent each other in a diagonal direction and have a first sensitivity or a first exposure time, and wherein the first sensitivity or the first exposure time is different from a sensitivity or exposure time of at least one of the third pixel and the fourth pixel. 15. The imaging device according to claim 14, wherein the third pixel and the fourth pixel are adjacent each other in another diagonal direction and have a second sensitivity or a second exposure time. 16. The imaging device according to claim 15, further comprising:
a floating diffusion element that is shared by the first, the second, the third, and the fourth pixels. 17. The imaging device according to claim 16, wherein the floating diffusion element is shared by only the first, the second, the third and the fourth pixels. 18. The imaging device according to claim 16, wherein a first pixel signal output from the first pixel and a second pixel signal output from the second pixel are simultaneously read to the floating diffusion element. 19. The imaging device according to claim 16, wherein a third pixel signal output from the third pixel and a fourth pixel signal output from the fourth pixel are simultaneously read to the floating diffusion element. 20. The imaging device according to claim 14, wherein the pixels are arranged in rows and columns, and wherein the first pixel and the second pixel are adjacent in another diagonal direction. 21. The imaging device according to claim 14, wherein the pixels are arranged in rows and columns. 22. The imaging device according to claim 14, further comprising an amplifying element that is shared by the first, the second, the third, and the fourth pixels. 23. The imaging device according to claim 14, further comprising a reset element that is shared by the first, the second, the third, and the fourth pixels. 24. The imaging device according to claim 14, further comprising a select element that is shared by the first, the second, the third, and the fourth pixels. 25. An apparatus comprising:
an imaging device including a pixel unit having a first pixel, a second pixel, a third pixel, and a fourth pixel arranged in a 2×2 matrix, wherein the first pixel, the second pixel, the third pixel, and the fourth pixel share a color filter of a single color and a floating diffusion element, wherein the first pixel and the second pixel are adjacent each other in a diagonal direction and have a first sensitivity or a first exposure time, and wherein the first sensitivity or the first exposure time is different from a sensitivity or exposure time of at least one of the third pixel and the fourth pixel. 26. The apparatus according to claim 25, wherein the third pixel and the fourth pixel are adjacent each other in a second direction and have a second sensitivity or a second exposure time. 27. The apparatus according to claim 26, further comprising:
a floating diffusion element that is shared by the first, the second, the third, and the fourth pixels. 28. The apparatus according to claim 27, wherein the floating diffusion element is shared by only the first, the second, the third and the fourth pixels. 29. The apparatus according to claim 27, wherein a first pixel signal output from the first pixel and a second pixel signal output from the second pixel are simultaneously read to the floating diffusion element. 30. The apparatus according to claim 27, wherein a third pixel signal output from the third pixel and a fourth pixel signal output from the fourth pixel are simultaneously read to the floating diffusion element. 31. The apparatus according to claim 25, wherein the pixels are arranged in rows and columns, and wherein the first pixel and the second pixel are adjacent in another diagonal direction. 32. The apparatus according to claim 25, wherein the pixels are arranged in rows and columns. 33. The apparatus according to claim 25, further comprising an amplifying element that is shared by the first, the second, the third, and the fourth pixels. | A solid-state imaging device includes: a pixel unit in which pixels are arranged in a matrix pattern; and a pixel signal read-out unit including an AD conversion unit performing analog-to-digital (AD) conversion of a pixel signal read out from the pixel unit, wherein each pixel included in the pixel unit includes division pixels divided into regions in which photosensitivity levels or electric charge accumulating amounts are different from one another, the pixel signal reading unit includes a normal read-out mode and a multiple read-out mode, and includes a function of changing a configuration of a frame in accordance with a change of the read-out mode, and wherein the AD conversion unit acquires a pixel signal of one pixel by adding the division pixel signals while performing AD conversion for the division pixel signals.1-13. (canceled) 14. An imaging device, comprising:
a pixel unit having a first pixel, a second pixel, a third pixel, and a fourth pixel arranged in a 2×2 matrix, wherein the first pixel, the second pixel, the third pixel, and the fourth pixel share a color filter of a single color and a floating diffusion element, wherein the first pixel and the second pixel are adjacent each other in a diagonal direction and have a first sensitivity or a first exposure time, and wherein the first sensitivity or the first exposure time is different from a sensitivity or exposure time of at least one of the third pixel and the fourth pixel. 15. The imaging device according to claim 14, wherein the third pixel and the fourth pixel are adjacent each other in another diagonal direction and have a second sensitivity or a second exposure time. 16. The imaging device according to claim 15, further comprising:
a floating diffusion element that is shared by the first, the second, the third, and the fourth pixels. 17. The imaging device according to claim 16, wherein the floating diffusion element is shared by only the first, the second, the third and the fourth pixels. 18. The imaging device according to claim 16, wherein a first pixel signal output from the first pixel and a second pixel signal output from the second pixel are simultaneously read to the floating diffusion element. 19. The imaging device according to claim 16, wherein a third pixel signal output from the third pixel and a fourth pixel signal output from the fourth pixel are simultaneously read to the floating diffusion element. 20. The imaging device according to claim 14, wherein the pixels are arranged in rows and columns, and wherein the first pixel and the second pixel are adjacent in another diagonal direction. 21. The imaging device according to claim 14, wherein the pixels are arranged in rows and columns. 22. The imaging device according to claim 14, further comprising an amplifying element that is shared by the first, the second, the third, and the fourth pixels. 23. The imaging device according to claim 14, further comprising a reset element that is shared by the first, the second, the third, and the fourth pixels. 24. The imaging device according to claim 14, further comprising a select element that is shared by the first, the second, the third, and the fourth pixels. 25. An apparatus comprising:
an imaging device including a pixel unit having a first pixel, a second pixel, a third pixel, and a fourth pixel arranged in a 2×2 matrix, wherein the first pixel, the second pixel, the third pixel, and the fourth pixel share a color filter of a single color and a floating diffusion element, wherein the first pixel and the second pixel are adjacent each other in a diagonal direction and have a first sensitivity or a first exposure time, and wherein the first sensitivity or the first exposure time is different from a sensitivity or exposure time of at least one of the third pixel and the fourth pixel. 26. The apparatus according to claim 25, wherein the third pixel and the fourth pixel are adjacent each other in a second direction and have a second sensitivity or a second exposure time. 27. The apparatus according to claim 26, further comprising:
a floating diffusion element that is shared by the first, the second, the third, and the fourth pixels. 28. The apparatus according to claim 27, wherein the floating diffusion element is shared by only the first, the second, the third and the fourth pixels. 29. The apparatus according to claim 27, wherein a first pixel signal output from the first pixel and a second pixel signal output from the second pixel are simultaneously read to the floating diffusion element. 30. The apparatus according to claim 27, wherein a third pixel signal output from the third pixel and a fourth pixel signal output from the fourth pixel are simultaneously read to the floating diffusion element. 31. The apparatus according to claim 25, wherein the pixels are arranged in rows and columns, and wherein the first pixel and the second pixel are adjacent in another diagonal direction. 32. The apparatus according to claim 25, wherein the pixels are arranged in rows and columns. 33. The apparatus according to claim 25, further comprising an amplifying element that is shared by the first, the second, the third, and the fourth pixels. | 3,700 |
340,081 | 16,801,017 | 3,746 | Included are multiple camera claws of a second mount that are insertable between multiple accessory claws, and that are capable of coupling by bayonet coupling, multiple contact pins disposed following the circumferential direction of a mount, and a biasing unit to bias the multiple accessory claws in a direction parallel to a center axis of the second mount. The second mount can be relatively rotated to a first state where the accessory claws are inserted between the camera claws, and a second state where the camera claws engage with the accessory claws in the direction. The biasing unit biases a first accessory claw in the direction in the second state, and a first contact pin included in multiple camera-side contact pins situated at the nearest side of the mounting direction of an accessory overlaps the biasing unit in the radial direction. | 1. A mount apparatus, comprising:
a mount portion; a plurality of claw portions to be used for coupling by a bayonet coupling method; a plurality of terminals that are disposed following a circumferential direction of the mount portion, and that are used for electrical connection; a holding member configured to hold the plurality of terminals; and a biasing unit configured to bias another claw portion which is engaged with a first claw portion of the plurality of claw portions in a direction parallel to a center axis of the mount portion, wherein the holding member has a first tier and a second tier, where positions of holding the plurality of terminals differ in the direction parallel to the center axis, wherein, among the plurality of terminals, the number of terminals held at the first tier is greater than the number of terminals held at the second tier, wherein the biasing unit is located along the first claw portion of the mount portion, within an angle range in the circumferential direction of the mount portion, wherein, among the plurality of terminals on the first tier, a first terminal included in the plurality of terminals on the first tier is disposed further from the second tier than other terminals on the first tier, and wherein the first terminal overlaps in a radial direction an angle range where the biasing unit has been disposed in the circumferential direction of the mount portion. 2. The mount apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the plurality of terminals on the first tier have a second terminal adjacent to the first terminal, and wherein the second terminal overlaps the angle range where the biasing unit has been disposed in the circumferential direction, in the radial direction of the mount portion. 3. The mount apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein, among the plurality of terminals, the number of terminals held at the first tier of the holding member is twice the number of terminals held at the second tier of the holding member. 4. The mount apparatus according to claim 3,
wherein, among the plurality of terminals, terminals held at the first tier, of a number obtained by subtracting the number of terminals held at the second tier from the number of terminals held at the first tier, overlap the angle range where the biasing unit is disposed in the radial direction. 5. The mount apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein, in a case where an accessory is attached to the mount apparatus, the biasing unit is a leaf spring that is disposed between the first claw portion and a second claw portion of the accessory, and biases the second claw portion in the direction parallel to the center axis. 6. The mount apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the first terminal is configured to indicate a ground level corresponding to another terminal of the plurality of terminals. 7. An imaging apparatus comprising:
a mount apparatus, wherein the mount apparatus includes, a mount portion, a plurality of claw portions to be used for coupling by a bayonet coupling method, a plurality of terminals that are disposed following a circumferential direction of the mount portion, and that are used for electrical connection, a holding member configured to hold the plurality of terminals, and a biasing unit configured to bias another claw portion which is engaged with a first claw portion of the plurality of claw portions in a direction parallel to a center axis of the mount portion, wherein the holding member has a first tier and a second tier, where positions of holding the plurality of terminals differ in the direction parallel to the center axis, wherein, among the plurality of terminals, the number of terminals held at the first tier is greater than the number of terminals held at the second tier, wherein the biasing unit is located along the first claw portion of the mount portion, within an angle range in the circumferential direction of the mount portion, wherein, among the plurality of terminals on the first tier, a first terminal included in the plurality of terminals on the first tier is disposed further from the second tier than other terminals on the first tier, and wherein the first terminal overlaps in a radial direction an angle range where the biasing unit has been disposed in the circumferential direction of the mount portion. 8. An adapter device comprising:
a mount apparatus, wherein the mount apparatus includes, a mount portion, a plurality of claw portions to be used for coupling by a bayonet coupling method, a plurality of terminals that are disposed following a circumferential direction of the mount portion, and that are used for electrical connection, a holding member configured to hold the plurality of terminals, and a biasing unit configured to bias another claw portion which is engaged with a first claw portion of the plurality of claw portions in a direction parallel to a center axis of the mount portion, wherein the holding member has a first tier and a second tier, where positions of holding the plurality of terminals differ in the direction parallel to the center axis, wherein, among the plurality of terminals, the number of terminals held at the first tier is greater than the number of terminals held at the second tier, wherein the biasing unit is located along the first claw portion of the mount portion, within an angle range in the circumferential direction of the mount portion, wherein, among the plurality of terminals on the first tier, a first terminal included in the plurality of terminals on the first tier is disposed further from the second tier than other terminals on the first tier, wherein the first terminal overlaps in a radial direction an angle range where the biasing unit has been disposed in the circumferential direction of the mount portion, and wherein the mount apparatus is provided on one side of an adapter device. 9. An accessory detachably mountable on a mount apparatus, comprising:
a first mount portion; a plurality of claw portions to be used for coupling by a bayonet coupling method; a plurality of terminals that are disposed following a circumferential direction of the first mount portion, and that are used for electrical connection; and a holding member configured to hold the plurality of terminals, wherein the holding member has a first tier and a second tier, where positions of holding the plurality of terminals differ in the direction parallel to a center axis of the first mount portion, wherein, among the plurality of terminals, the number of terminals held at the first tier is greater than the number of terminals held at the second tier, wherein, among the plurality of terminals on the first tier, a first terminal is disposed further from the second tier than the other terminals on the first tier, wherein, in a state where the accessory is mounted on the mount apparatus, the first terminal is electrically connected with a second terminal of the mount apparatus, and wherein, in a state where the accessory is mounted on the mount apparatus, the second terminal overlaps a biasing unit that is biasing a first claw portion of the plurality of claw portions in the direction parallel to the center axis of the first mount portion in a radial direction of a second mount portion which is provided on the mount apparatus. 10. The accessory according to claim 9,
wherein the plurality of terminals have a third terminal adjacent to the first terminal, and wherein, in a state where the accessory is mounted on the mount apparatus, the third terminal overlaps the angle range where the biasing unit of the mount apparatus has been disposed in a radial direction of the first mount portion. 11. The accessory according to claim 9,
wherein, regarding the plurality of terminals, the number of terminals held at the first tier of the holding member is twice the number of terminals held at the second tier of the holding member. 12. The accessory according to claim 11,
wherein, among the plurality of terminals, terminals held at the first tier, of a number obtained by subtracting the number of terminals held at the second tier from the number of terminals held at the first tier, overlap in the radial direction of the first mount portion the angle range where the biasing unit of the mount apparatus is disposed, in a state where the accessory is mounted on the mount apparatus. 13. The accessory according to claim 11,
wherein the accessory is an interchangeable lens. 14. The accessory according to claim 12,
wherein the accessory is an adapter device. | Included are multiple camera claws of a second mount that are insertable between multiple accessory claws, and that are capable of coupling by bayonet coupling, multiple contact pins disposed following the circumferential direction of a mount, and a biasing unit to bias the multiple accessory claws in a direction parallel to a center axis of the second mount. The second mount can be relatively rotated to a first state where the accessory claws are inserted between the camera claws, and a second state where the camera claws engage with the accessory claws in the direction. The biasing unit biases a first accessory claw in the direction in the second state, and a first contact pin included in multiple camera-side contact pins situated at the nearest side of the mounting direction of an accessory overlaps the biasing unit in the radial direction.1. A mount apparatus, comprising:
a mount portion; a plurality of claw portions to be used for coupling by a bayonet coupling method; a plurality of terminals that are disposed following a circumferential direction of the mount portion, and that are used for electrical connection; a holding member configured to hold the plurality of terminals; and a biasing unit configured to bias another claw portion which is engaged with a first claw portion of the plurality of claw portions in a direction parallel to a center axis of the mount portion, wherein the holding member has a first tier and a second tier, where positions of holding the plurality of terminals differ in the direction parallel to the center axis, wherein, among the plurality of terminals, the number of terminals held at the first tier is greater than the number of terminals held at the second tier, wherein the biasing unit is located along the first claw portion of the mount portion, within an angle range in the circumferential direction of the mount portion, wherein, among the plurality of terminals on the first tier, a first terminal included in the plurality of terminals on the first tier is disposed further from the second tier than other terminals on the first tier, and wherein the first terminal overlaps in a radial direction an angle range where the biasing unit has been disposed in the circumferential direction of the mount portion. 2. The mount apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the plurality of terminals on the first tier have a second terminal adjacent to the first terminal, and wherein the second terminal overlaps the angle range where the biasing unit has been disposed in the circumferential direction, in the radial direction of the mount portion. 3. The mount apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein, among the plurality of terminals, the number of terminals held at the first tier of the holding member is twice the number of terminals held at the second tier of the holding member. 4. The mount apparatus according to claim 3,
wherein, among the plurality of terminals, terminals held at the first tier, of a number obtained by subtracting the number of terminals held at the second tier from the number of terminals held at the first tier, overlap the angle range where the biasing unit is disposed in the radial direction. 5. The mount apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein, in a case where an accessory is attached to the mount apparatus, the biasing unit is a leaf spring that is disposed between the first claw portion and a second claw portion of the accessory, and biases the second claw portion in the direction parallel to the center axis. 6. The mount apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the first terminal is configured to indicate a ground level corresponding to another terminal of the plurality of terminals. 7. An imaging apparatus comprising:
a mount apparatus, wherein the mount apparatus includes, a mount portion, a plurality of claw portions to be used for coupling by a bayonet coupling method, a plurality of terminals that are disposed following a circumferential direction of the mount portion, and that are used for electrical connection, a holding member configured to hold the plurality of terminals, and a biasing unit configured to bias another claw portion which is engaged with a first claw portion of the plurality of claw portions in a direction parallel to a center axis of the mount portion, wherein the holding member has a first tier and a second tier, where positions of holding the plurality of terminals differ in the direction parallel to the center axis, wherein, among the plurality of terminals, the number of terminals held at the first tier is greater than the number of terminals held at the second tier, wherein the biasing unit is located along the first claw portion of the mount portion, within an angle range in the circumferential direction of the mount portion, wherein, among the plurality of terminals on the first tier, a first terminal included in the plurality of terminals on the first tier is disposed further from the second tier than other terminals on the first tier, and wherein the first terminal overlaps in a radial direction an angle range where the biasing unit has been disposed in the circumferential direction of the mount portion. 8. An adapter device comprising:
a mount apparatus, wherein the mount apparatus includes, a mount portion, a plurality of claw portions to be used for coupling by a bayonet coupling method, a plurality of terminals that are disposed following a circumferential direction of the mount portion, and that are used for electrical connection, a holding member configured to hold the plurality of terminals, and a biasing unit configured to bias another claw portion which is engaged with a first claw portion of the plurality of claw portions in a direction parallel to a center axis of the mount portion, wherein the holding member has a first tier and a second tier, where positions of holding the plurality of terminals differ in the direction parallel to the center axis, wherein, among the plurality of terminals, the number of terminals held at the first tier is greater than the number of terminals held at the second tier, wherein the biasing unit is located along the first claw portion of the mount portion, within an angle range in the circumferential direction of the mount portion, wherein, among the plurality of terminals on the first tier, a first terminal included in the plurality of terminals on the first tier is disposed further from the second tier than other terminals on the first tier, wherein the first terminal overlaps in a radial direction an angle range where the biasing unit has been disposed in the circumferential direction of the mount portion, and wherein the mount apparatus is provided on one side of an adapter device. 9. An accessory detachably mountable on a mount apparatus, comprising:
a first mount portion; a plurality of claw portions to be used for coupling by a bayonet coupling method; a plurality of terminals that are disposed following a circumferential direction of the first mount portion, and that are used for electrical connection; and a holding member configured to hold the plurality of terminals, wherein the holding member has a first tier and a second tier, where positions of holding the plurality of terminals differ in the direction parallel to a center axis of the first mount portion, wherein, among the plurality of terminals, the number of terminals held at the first tier is greater than the number of terminals held at the second tier, wherein, among the plurality of terminals on the first tier, a first terminal is disposed further from the second tier than the other terminals on the first tier, wherein, in a state where the accessory is mounted on the mount apparatus, the first terminal is electrically connected with a second terminal of the mount apparatus, and wherein, in a state where the accessory is mounted on the mount apparatus, the second terminal overlaps a biasing unit that is biasing a first claw portion of the plurality of claw portions in the direction parallel to the center axis of the first mount portion in a radial direction of a second mount portion which is provided on the mount apparatus. 10. The accessory according to claim 9,
wherein the plurality of terminals have a third terminal adjacent to the first terminal, and wherein, in a state where the accessory is mounted on the mount apparatus, the third terminal overlaps the angle range where the biasing unit of the mount apparatus has been disposed in a radial direction of the first mount portion. 11. The accessory according to claim 9,
wherein, regarding the plurality of terminals, the number of terminals held at the first tier of the holding member is twice the number of terminals held at the second tier of the holding member. 12. The accessory according to claim 11,
wherein, among the plurality of terminals, terminals held at the first tier, of a number obtained by subtracting the number of terminals held at the second tier from the number of terminals held at the first tier, overlap in the radial direction of the first mount portion the angle range where the biasing unit of the mount apparatus is disposed, in a state where the accessory is mounted on the mount apparatus. 13. The accessory according to claim 11,
wherein the accessory is an interchangeable lens. 14. The accessory according to claim 12,
wherein the accessory is an adapter device. | 3,700 |
340,082 | 16,801,062 | 3,746 | A method for elongating a glass preform for an optical fiber is provided for producing a glass rod having a smaller diameter by elongating the glass preform having a large diameter, the method including: when the glass preform having a tapered transparent glass portion at one end of a straight body of the glass preform and a tapered portion including an opaque glass portion at another end is elongated, prior to the elongating, cutting a part of the tapered portion including the opaque glass portion, wherein a cut surface of the part is a lower end of the glass preform; and welding the cut surface of the tapered portion to a pulling dummy connected to a pulling mechanism in a elongating apparatus, wherein the cut surface is circular and has an outer diameter ranging from 135 mm to 160 mm. | 1. A method for elongating a glass preform for an optical fiber, the method being for producing a glass rod having a smaller diameter by elongating the glass preform having a large diameter, the method comprising: when the glass preform having a tapered transparent glass portion at one end of a straight body of the glass preform and a tapered portion including an opaque glass portion at another end is elongated, prior to the elongating, cutting a part of the tapered portion including the opaque glass portion, wherein a cut surface of the part is a lower end of the glass preform; and welding the cut surface of the tapered portion to a pulling dummy connected to a pulling mechanism in an elongating apparatus, wherein the cut surface is circular and has an outer diameter ranging from 135 mm to 160 mm. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the cut surface includes a transparent glass portion and an opaque glass portion, the opaque glass portion having a circular shape, and wherein assuming that x is an outer diameter of the cut surface, and y is an outer diameter of the opaque glass portion at the cut surface, a relationship between x and y satisfies formula 1 described below.
0.0698x 2−19.003x+1352.6≤y≤−0.2067x 2+62.567x−4620 [Formula 1] 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein an outer diameter of the straight body of the glass preform before elongated is in a range from 150 mm to 190 mm. | A method for elongating a glass preform for an optical fiber is provided for producing a glass rod having a smaller diameter by elongating the glass preform having a large diameter, the method including: when the glass preform having a tapered transparent glass portion at one end of a straight body of the glass preform and a tapered portion including an opaque glass portion at another end is elongated, prior to the elongating, cutting a part of the tapered portion including the opaque glass portion, wherein a cut surface of the part is a lower end of the glass preform; and welding the cut surface of the tapered portion to a pulling dummy connected to a pulling mechanism in a elongating apparatus, wherein the cut surface is circular and has an outer diameter ranging from 135 mm to 160 mm.1. A method for elongating a glass preform for an optical fiber, the method being for producing a glass rod having a smaller diameter by elongating the glass preform having a large diameter, the method comprising: when the glass preform having a tapered transparent glass portion at one end of a straight body of the glass preform and a tapered portion including an opaque glass portion at another end is elongated, prior to the elongating, cutting a part of the tapered portion including the opaque glass portion, wherein a cut surface of the part is a lower end of the glass preform; and welding the cut surface of the tapered portion to a pulling dummy connected to a pulling mechanism in an elongating apparatus, wherein the cut surface is circular and has an outer diameter ranging from 135 mm to 160 mm. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the cut surface includes a transparent glass portion and an opaque glass portion, the opaque glass portion having a circular shape, and wherein assuming that x is an outer diameter of the cut surface, and y is an outer diameter of the opaque glass portion at the cut surface, a relationship between x and y satisfies formula 1 described below.
0.0698x 2−19.003x+1352.6≤y≤−0.2067x 2+62.567x−4620 [Formula 1] 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein an outer diameter of the straight body of the glass preform before elongated is in a range from 150 mm to 190 mm. | 3,700 |
340,083 | 16,801,059 | 3,746 | An optical communication device is provided. The optical communication device includes at least one light source and a controller configured to continuously control, by a light source control signal, each of the at least one light source to operate in at least two modes. The at least two modes include a first mode and a second mode. The first mode is used to transfer a first information, and the second mode is used to transfer a second information different from the first information. For any one of the at least one light source, in the first mode, the light source control signal has a first frequency so that a stripe presents in a first image of the light source obtained when the light source is photographed by a CMOS image sensor, and in the second mode, a second image of the light source obtained when the light source is photographed by the CMOS image sensor is substantially free from any stripe. | 1. An optical communication device, comprising:
at least one light source; and a controller configured to continuously control, by a light source control signal, each of the at least one light source to operate in at least two modes, the at least two modes comprising a first mode and a second mode, wherein the first mode is used to transfer a first information, and the second mode is used to transfer a second information different from the first information, wherein, for any one of the at least one light source, in the first mode, the light source control signal has a first frequency so that a stripe presents in a first image of the light source obtained when the light source is photographed by a CMOS image sensor, and in the second mode, a second image of the light source obtained when the light source is photographed by the CMOS image sensor is substantially free from any stripe. 2. The optical communication device according to claim 1, wherein, in the second mode, the light source control signal has a second frequency different from the first frequency. 3. The optical communication device according to claim 2, wherein the second frequency is greater than the first frequency. 4. The optical communication device according to claim 2, wherein, in the first mode, the light source control signal controls the light source to turn on and off at the first frequency, and, in the second mode, the light source control signal controls the light source to turn on and off at the second frequency. 5. The optical communication device according to claim 1, wherein the light source control signal is configured to control an intensity of light emitted by the light source. 6. The optical communication device according to claim 1, wherein, in the second mode, an intensity of light emitted by the light source does not change. 7. The optical communication device according to claim 1, wherein, in the second mode, DC power is supplied to the light source. 8. The optical communication device according to claim 1, further comprising one or more positioning markers located with a proximity to the light source. 9. The optical communication device according to claim 1, wherein the first frequency is greater than or equal to 8000 times/s. 10. A method for transmitting information using a light source, comprising:
continuously controlling, by a light source control signal, the light source to operate in a first mode or a second mode according to information to be transmitted, the first mode being used to transfer a first information, the second mode being used to transfer a second information different from the first information, wherein, in the first mode, the light source control signal has a first frequency so that a stripe presents in a first image of the light source obtained when the light source is photographed by a CMOS image sensor, and in the second mode, a second image of the light source obtained when the light source is photographed by the CMOS image sensor is substantially free from any stripe. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein, in the second mode, the light source control signal has a second frequency different from the first frequency. 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the second frequency is greater than the first frequency. 13. The method according to claim 10, wherein, in the second mode, an intensity of light emitted by the light source does not change. 14. The method according to claim 10, wherein a sequence of binary data 0 and 1 is transmitted by continuously operating the light source in the first mode or the second mode over time. 15. A method for receiving information transmitted by an optical communication device according to claim 1, comprising:
obtaining an image of the optical communication device by a CMOS image sensor; determining whether there is a stripe in a portion of the image corresponding to the light source; and determining, according to the presence or absence of the stripe, whether the light source transmits a first information or a second information different from the first information. 16. The method according to claim 15, further comprising obtaining multiple successive images of the light source by the CMOS image sensor; and determining an information sequence consisting of the first information and the second information. 17. The method according to claim 15, wherein the determining whether there is a stripe in a portion of the image corresponding to the light source further comprises:
identifying, in the image, one or more positioning markers of the optical communication device; determining, based on positions of the one or more positioning markers, the portion of the image corresponding to the light source; and determining whether there is a stripe in the portion. 18. An optical communication device, comprising:
at least one light source; and a controller configured to continuously control, by a light source control signal, each of the at least one light source to operate in at least two modes, the at least two modes comprising a first mode and a second mode, wherein the first mode is used to transfer a first information, and the second mode is used to transfer a second information different from the first information, wherein, for any one of the at least one light source, in the first mode, the light source control signal has a first frequency so that a first stripe presents in a first image of the light source obtained when the light source is photographed by a CMOS image sensor, and in the second mode, the light source control signal has a second frequency so that a second stripe different from the stripe in the first mode presents in a second image of the light source obtained when the light source is photographed by the CMOS image sensor. 19. The optical communication device according to claim 18, wherein the first frequency is the same as the second frequency, and wherein a first color of light emitted by the light source in the first mode is different from a second color of light emitted by the light source in the second mode. 20. The optical communication device according to claim 18, wherein the at least two modes further comprise a third mode used to transfer a third information different from both the first information and the second information, and in the third mode, no strip presents a third image of the light source obtained when the light source is photographed by the CMOS image sensor. | An optical communication device is provided. The optical communication device includes at least one light source and a controller configured to continuously control, by a light source control signal, each of the at least one light source to operate in at least two modes. The at least two modes include a first mode and a second mode. The first mode is used to transfer a first information, and the second mode is used to transfer a second information different from the first information. For any one of the at least one light source, in the first mode, the light source control signal has a first frequency so that a stripe presents in a first image of the light source obtained when the light source is photographed by a CMOS image sensor, and in the second mode, a second image of the light source obtained when the light source is photographed by the CMOS image sensor is substantially free from any stripe.1. An optical communication device, comprising:
at least one light source; and a controller configured to continuously control, by a light source control signal, each of the at least one light source to operate in at least two modes, the at least two modes comprising a first mode and a second mode, wherein the first mode is used to transfer a first information, and the second mode is used to transfer a second information different from the first information, wherein, for any one of the at least one light source, in the first mode, the light source control signal has a first frequency so that a stripe presents in a first image of the light source obtained when the light source is photographed by a CMOS image sensor, and in the second mode, a second image of the light source obtained when the light source is photographed by the CMOS image sensor is substantially free from any stripe. 2. The optical communication device according to claim 1, wherein, in the second mode, the light source control signal has a second frequency different from the first frequency. 3. The optical communication device according to claim 2, wherein the second frequency is greater than the first frequency. 4. The optical communication device according to claim 2, wherein, in the first mode, the light source control signal controls the light source to turn on and off at the first frequency, and, in the second mode, the light source control signal controls the light source to turn on and off at the second frequency. 5. The optical communication device according to claim 1, wherein the light source control signal is configured to control an intensity of light emitted by the light source. 6. The optical communication device according to claim 1, wherein, in the second mode, an intensity of light emitted by the light source does not change. 7. The optical communication device according to claim 1, wherein, in the second mode, DC power is supplied to the light source. 8. The optical communication device according to claim 1, further comprising one or more positioning markers located with a proximity to the light source. 9. The optical communication device according to claim 1, wherein the first frequency is greater than or equal to 8000 times/s. 10. A method for transmitting information using a light source, comprising:
continuously controlling, by a light source control signal, the light source to operate in a first mode or a second mode according to information to be transmitted, the first mode being used to transfer a first information, the second mode being used to transfer a second information different from the first information, wherein, in the first mode, the light source control signal has a first frequency so that a stripe presents in a first image of the light source obtained when the light source is photographed by a CMOS image sensor, and in the second mode, a second image of the light source obtained when the light source is photographed by the CMOS image sensor is substantially free from any stripe. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein, in the second mode, the light source control signal has a second frequency different from the first frequency. 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the second frequency is greater than the first frequency. 13. The method according to claim 10, wherein, in the second mode, an intensity of light emitted by the light source does not change. 14. The method according to claim 10, wherein a sequence of binary data 0 and 1 is transmitted by continuously operating the light source in the first mode or the second mode over time. 15. A method for receiving information transmitted by an optical communication device according to claim 1, comprising:
obtaining an image of the optical communication device by a CMOS image sensor; determining whether there is a stripe in a portion of the image corresponding to the light source; and determining, according to the presence or absence of the stripe, whether the light source transmits a first information or a second information different from the first information. 16. The method according to claim 15, further comprising obtaining multiple successive images of the light source by the CMOS image sensor; and determining an information sequence consisting of the first information and the second information. 17. The method according to claim 15, wherein the determining whether there is a stripe in a portion of the image corresponding to the light source further comprises:
identifying, in the image, one or more positioning markers of the optical communication device; determining, based on positions of the one or more positioning markers, the portion of the image corresponding to the light source; and determining whether there is a stripe in the portion. 18. An optical communication device, comprising:
at least one light source; and a controller configured to continuously control, by a light source control signal, each of the at least one light source to operate in at least two modes, the at least two modes comprising a first mode and a second mode, wherein the first mode is used to transfer a first information, and the second mode is used to transfer a second information different from the first information, wherein, for any one of the at least one light source, in the first mode, the light source control signal has a first frequency so that a first stripe presents in a first image of the light source obtained when the light source is photographed by a CMOS image sensor, and in the second mode, the light source control signal has a second frequency so that a second stripe different from the stripe in the first mode presents in a second image of the light source obtained when the light source is photographed by the CMOS image sensor. 19. The optical communication device according to claim 18, wherein the first frequency is the same as the second frequency, and wherein a first color of light emitted by the light source in the first mode is different from a second color of light emitted by the light source in the second mode. 20. The optical communication device according to claim 18, wherein the at least two modes further comprise a third mode used to transfer a third information different from both the first information and the second information, and in the third mode, no strip presents a third image of the light source obtained when the light source is photographed by the CMOS image sensor. | 3,700 |
340,084 | 16,801,081 | 1,611 | A composition for use as a skin care formulation may include a combination of Vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) and pentacyclic triterpene such as Asiatic Acid. A particular formulation may include by weight 5% to 25% Vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid); 0.005% to 2.0% of pentacyclic triterpene such as Asiatic Acid; 5% to 60% of a solvent comprising absolute, denatured alcohol; water. The composition may have a pH no more than about 3.0 and preferably no more than about 2.0. The multi-phase solution composition may also comprise Glutathione, Alpha-Arbutin, and Vitamin E and its derivatives. | 1. A composition comprising by weight 5% to 25% Vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid); 0.005% to 2.0% of pentacyclic triterpene; 5% to 60% of a solvent comprising absolute, denatured alcohol; water; wherein the composition has a pH of no more than about 3.0. 2. The composition of claim 1 comprising Glutathione. 3. The composition of claim 1 comprising Alpha-Arbutin 4. The composition of claim 1 comprising and at least one of Vitamin E or at least one derivative of Vitamin E. 5. The composition of claim 1 wherein the pentacyclic triterpene comprises Asiatic Acid. 6. The composition of claim 1 comprising at least one of Aloe Vera juice, propanediol, sorbitol and allantoin. 7. The composition of claim 1 wherein the composition is a multi-phase composition. 8. The composition of claim 1 wherein the Vitamin C component may be in an amount of 10% to 20% by weight. 9. The composition of claim 1 wherein the Vitamin C component is approximately 15%. 10. The composition of claim 1 wherein the pentacyclic triterpene is in an amount of 0.007% to 1.5% by weight. 11. The composition of claim 1 wherein the pentacyclic triterpene is in an amount of approximately 0.01%. 12. The composition of claim 1 wherein the composition has a pH of no more than about 2.5 13. The composition of claim 1 wherein the composition has a pH of no more than about 2.0 | A composition for use as a skin care formulation may include a combination of Vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) and pentacyclic triterpene such as Asiatic Acid. A particular formulation may include by weight 5% to 25% Vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid); 0.005% to 2.0% of pentacyclic triterpene such as Asiatic Acid; 5% to 60% of a solvent comprising absolute, denatured alcohol; water. The composition may have a pH no more than about 3.0 and preferably no more than about 2.0. The multi-phase solution composition may also comprise Glutathione, Alpha-Arbutin, and Vitamin E and its derivatives.1. A composition comprising by weight 5% to 25% Vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid); 0.005% to 2.0% of pentacyclic triterpene; 5% to 60% of a solvent comprising absolute, denatured alcohol; water; wherein the composition has a pH of no more than about 3.0. 2. The composition of claim 1 comprising Glutathione. 3. The composition of claim 1 comprising Alpha-Arbutin 4. The composition of claim 1 comprising and at least one of Vitamin E or at least one derivative of Vitamin E. 5. The composition of claim 1 wherein the pentacyclic triterpene comprises Asiatic Acid. 6. The composition of claim 1 comprising at least one of Aloe Vera juice, propanediol, sorbitol and allantoin. 7. The composition of claim 1 wherein the composition is a multi-phase composition. 8. The composition of claim 1 wherein the Vitamin C component may be in an amount of 10% to 20% by weight. 9. The composition of claim 1 wherein the Vitamin C component is approximately 15%. 10. The composition of claim 1 wherein the pentacyclic triterpene is in an amount of 0.007% to 1.5% by weight. 11. The composition of claim 1 wherein the pentacyclic triterpene is in an amount of approximately 0.01%. 12. The composition of claim 1 wherein the composition has a pH of no more than about 2.5 13. The composition of claim 1 wherein the composition has a pH of no more than about 2.0 | 1,600 |
340,085 | 16,801,032 | 1,611 | Engineered animal skin, hide, and leather comprising a plurality of layers of collagen formed by cultured animal collagen-producing (e.g., skin) cells. Layers may be formed by elongate multicellular bodies comprising a plurality of cultured animal cells that are adhered and/or cohered to one another; wherein the elongate multicellular bodies are arranged to form a substantially planar layer for use in formation of engineered animal skin, hide, and leather. Further described herein are methods of forming engineered animal skin, hide, and leather utilizing said layers of animal collagen-producing cells. | 1. A method of producing an engineered leather, the method comprising:
culturing one or more types of collagen-producing cells in vitro; forming a plurality of sheets of extracellular matrix including collagen produced by the one or more types of collagen-producing cells; layering the plurality of sheets to form a body having a volume; allowing the layered sheets to fuse; and processing the body by tanning to modify the collagen. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising preparing a plurality of elongate or spherical multicellular bodies comprising said one or more types of collagen-producing cells, wherein the collagen-producing cells are cohered to one another. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein forming the plurality of sheets comprises forming a plurality of planar layers comprising adjacently arranging a plurality of elongate multicellular bodies, wherein said elongate multicellular bodies are fused to form a planar layer. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein forming comprises automated deposition of multicellular bodies into said layers without a structural scaffold. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein arranging comprises culturing cells on a support to form a substantially planar layer of collagen above and between the cells. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein allowing the layers to fuse takes place over about 2 hours to about 24 hours. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein said plurality of sheets each have a length ranging from about 1 cm to about 5 m. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising processing the body using one or more additional processing steps. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the additional processing step is selected from the group consisting of preserving, soaking, bating, pickling, depickling, thinning, retanning, lubricating, crusting, wetting, sammying, shaving, rechroming, neutralizing, dyeing, fatliquoring, filling, stripping, stuffing, whitening, fixating, setting, drying, conditioning, milling, staking, buffing, finishing, oiling, brushing, padding, impregnating, spraying, roller coating, curtain coating, polishing, plating, embossing, ironing, glazing, and tumbling. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein said collagen-producing cells comprise epithelial cells, fibroblasts, keratinocytes, corneocytes, melanocytes, Langerhans cells, basal cells, or a combination thereof. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein forming the plurality of sheets comprises forming a plurality of sheets of the one or more types of collagen-producing cells and extracellular matrix material including collagen and one or more components selected from the group consisting of: keratin, elastin, gelatin, proteoglycan, dermatan sulfate proteoglycan, glycosoaminoglycan, fibronectin, laminin, dermatopontin, lipid, fatty acid, carbohydrate, and a combination thereof. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the thickness of each said layer is about 50 μm to about 150 μm. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein layering the plurality of sheets to form a body having a volume comprises sequentially layering the plurality of sheets to form the body. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein layering the plurality of sheets to form a body having a volume comprises sequentially layering the plurality of sheets to form the body, and wherein allowing the sheets to fuse comprises allowing each sequentially added layer to fuse to the body. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein layering the plurality of sheets to form a body comprises layering more than 10 sheets. 16. The method of claim 1, further comprising seeding collagen-producing cells between the sheets as they are stacked. 17. A method of producing an engineered leather, the method comprising:
culturing one or more types of collagen-producing cells in vitro; forming a plurality of sheets comprising the one or more types of collagen-producing cells and extracellular matrix including collagen produced by the one or more types of collagen-producing cells; stacking the sheets by layering the plurality of sheets atop each other to form a body having a volume; allowing the sheets to fuse; and processing the body by tanning to modify the collagen. 18. The method of claim 13, wherein stacking comprises sequentially stacking the sheets to the body and wherein allowing them to fuse comprises allowing each sequentially added sheet to fuse to the body. 19. A method of making an engineered leather, the method comprising:
culturing a first group of collagen-releasing cells to form a plurality of sheets of collagen; treating the plurality of sheets to prevent contractions thereby forming a plurality of non-contractile sheets; placing a second group of collagen-releasing cells on a first sheet from the plurality of non-contractile sheets; placing a second sheet from the plurality of non-contractile sheets on top of the first sheet to form a first stack; and culturing the first stack until the first sheet and second sheet are adherent. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising processing the first stack to modify the collagen. 21. The method of claim 19, wherein placing the second sheet comprises rolling the second sheet onto a mandrel and unrolling the second sheet onto the first sheet. 22. The method of claim 19, where the first collagen-releasing cells comprise smooth muscle cells. 23. The method of claim 19, wherein treating comprises de-cellularizing the plurality of sheets to kill the collagen-releasing cells. 24. The method of claim 19, wherein placing the second group of collagen-releasing cells comprises seeding the second group of collagen-releasing cells on the first sheet before placing the second sheet on the first sheet. 25. The method of claim 19, further comprising adding a filler material between the first and second sheets before placing the second sheet on the first sheet. 26. The method of claim 19, further comprising increasing the height of the first stack by placing additional collagen-releasing cells on the first stack and then placing an additional sheet from the plurality of non-contractile sheets or an additional stack comprising adherent sheets from the plurality of non-contractile sheets onto the first stack, and culturing the first stack and additional sheet or additional stack until the first stack and additional sheet or additional stack are adherent. 27. The method of claim 19, further comprising sequentially increasing the height of first stack by repeating the steps of placing additional collagen-releasing cells on the first stack, placing an additional sheet from the plurality of non-contractile sheets or an additional stack comprising adherent sheets from the plurality of non-contractile sheets onto the first stack, and culturing the first stack and additional sheet or additional stack until the first stack and additional sheet or additional stack are adherent. 28. The method of claim 19, further comprising placing additional collagen-releasing cells on the second sheet and placing an additional sheet from the plurality of non-contractile sheets onto the second sheet to increase the height of the first stack. 29. A method of making an engineered leather, the method comprising:
culturing collagen-releasing cells to confluency to form a plurality of sheets of collagen; decellularizing the plurality of sheets to prevent contractions; seeding collagen-releasing cells on a first sheet from the plurality of decellularized sheets; placing a second sheet from the plurality of decellularized sheets on top of the first sheet to form a stack; and culturing the stack until the first sheet and second sheet are adherent. | Engineered animal skin, hide, and leather comprising a plurality of layers of collagen formed by cultured animal collagen-producing (e.g., skin) cells. Layers may be formed by elongate multicellular bodies comprising a plurality of cultured animal cells that are adhered and/or cohered to one another; wherein the elongate multicellular bodies are arranged to form a substantially planar layer for use in formation of engineered animal skin, hide, and leather. Further described herein are methods of forming engineered animal skin, hide, and leather utilizing said layers of animal collagen-producing cells.1. A method of producing an engineered leather, the method comprising:
culturing one or more types of collagen-producing cells in vitro; forming a plurality of sheets of extracellular matrix including collagen produced by the one or more types of collagen-producing cells; layering the plurality of sheets to form a body having a volume; allowing the layered sheets to fuse; and processing the body by tanning to modify the collagen. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising preparing a plurality of elongate or spherical multicellular bodies comprising said one or more types of collagen-producing cells, wherein the collagen-producing cells are cohered to one another. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein forming the plurality of sheets comprises forming a plurality of planar layers comprising adjacently arranging a plurality of elongate multicellular bodies, wherein said elongate multicellular bodies are fused to form a planar layer. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein forming comprises automated deposition of multicellular bodies into said layers without a structural scaffold. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein arranging comprises culturing cells on a support to form a substantially planar layer of collagen above and between the cells. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein allowing the layers to fuse takes place over about 2 hours to about 24 hours. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein said plurality of sheets each have a length ranging from about 1 cm to about 5 m. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising processing the body using one or more additional processing steps. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the additional processing step is selected from the group consisting of preserving, soaking, bating, pickling, depickling, thinning, retanning, lubricating, crusting, wetting, sammying, shaving, rechroming, neutralizing, dyeing, fatliquoring, filling, stripping, stuffing, whitening, fixating, setting, drying, conditioning, milling, staking, buffing, finishing, oiling, brushing, padding, impregnating, spraying, roller coating, curtain coating, polishing, plating, embossing, ironing, glazing, and tumbling. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein said collagen-producing cells comprise epithelial cells, fibroblasts, keratinocytes, corneocytes, melanocytes, Langerhans cells, basal cells, or a combination thereof. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein forming the plurality of sheets comprises forming a plurality of sheets of the one or more types of collagen-producing cells and extracellular matrix material including collagen and one or more components selected from the group consisting of: keratin, elastin, gelatin, proteoglycan, dermatan sulfate proteoglycan, glycosoaminoglycan, fibronectin, laminin, dermatopontin, lipid, fatty acid, carbohydrate, and a combination thereof. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the thickness of each said layer is about 50 μm to about 150 μm. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein layering the plurality of sheets to form a body having a volume comprises sequentially layering the plurality of sheets to form the body. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein layering the plurality of sheets to form a body having a volume comprises sequentially layering the plurality of sheets to form the body, and wherein allowing the sheets to fuse comprises allowing each sequentially added layer to fuse to the body. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein layering the plurality of sheets to form a body comprises layering more than 10 sheets. 16. The method of claim 1, further comprising seeding collagen-producing cells between the sheets as they are stacked. 17. A method of producing an engineered leather, the method comprising:
culturing one or more types of collagen-producing cells in vitro; forming a plurality of sheets comprising the one or more types of collagen-producing cells and extracellular matrix including collagen produced by the one or more types of collagen-producing cells; stacking the sheets by layering the plurality of sheets atop each other to form a body having a volume; allowing the sheets to fuse; and processing the body by tanning to modify the collagen. 18. The method of claim 13, wherein stacking comprises sequentially stacking the sheets to the body and wherein allowing them to fuse comprises allowing each sequentially added sheet to fuse to the body. 19. A method of making an engineered leather, the method comprising:
culturing a first group of collagen-releasing cells to form a plurality of sheets of collagen; treating the plurality of sheets to prevent contractions thereby forming a plurality of non-contractile sheets; placing a second group of collagen-releasing cells on a first sheet from the plurality of non-contractile sheets; placing a second sheet from the plurality of non-contractile sheets on top of the first sheet to form a first stack; and culturing the first stack until the first sheet and second sheet are adherent. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising processing the first stack to modify the collagen. 21. The method of claim 19, wherein placing the second sheet comprises rolling the second sheet onto a mandrel and unrolling the second sheet onto the first sheet. 22. The method of claim 19, where the first collagen-releasing cells comprise smooth muscle cells. 23. The method of claim 19, wherein treating comprises de-cellularizing the plurality of sheets to kill the collagen-releasing cells. 24. The method of claim 19, wherein placing the second group of collagen-releasing cells comprises seeding the second group of collagen-releasing cells on the first sheet before placing the second sheet on the first sheet. 25. The method of claim 19, further comprising adding a filler material between the first and second sheets before placing the second sheet on the first sheet. 26. The method of claim 19, further comprising increasing the height of the first stack by placing additional collagen-releasing cells on the first stack and then placing an additional sheet from the plurality of non-contractile sheets or an additional stack comprising adherent sheets from the plurality of non-contractile sheets onto the first stack, and culturing the first stack and additional sheet or additional stack until the first stack and additional sheet or additional stack are adherent. 27. The method of claim 19, further comprising sequentially increasing the height of first stack by repeating the steps of placing additional collagen-releasing cells on the first stack, placing an additional sheet from the plurality of non-contractile sheets or an additional stack comprising adherent sheets from the plurality of non-contractile sheets onto the first stack, and culturing the first stack and additional sheet or additional stack until the first stack and additional sheet or additional stack are adherent. 28. The method of claim 19, further comprising placing additional collagen-releasing cells on the second sheet and placing an additional sheet from the plurality of non-contractile sheets onto the second sheet to increase the height of the first stack. 29. A method of making an engineered leather, the method comprising:
culturing collagen-releasing cells to confluency to form a plurality of sheets of collagen; decellularizing the plurality of sheets to prevent contractions; seeding collagen-releasing cells on a first sheet from the plurality of decellularized sheets; placing a second sheet from the plurality of decellularized sheets on top of the first sheet to form a stack; and culturing the stack until the first sheet and second sheet are adherent. | 1,600 |
340,086 | 16,801,072 | 1,611 | Methods and systems are described for connecting to network services on a private network. A gateway device may coordinate communications between a client device on a public network and a host device on a private network. The client device may request to access the host device via the gateway device. The gateway device may authenticate the client device. The gateway device may transcode communications between the client device and the host device, thereby masking the address of the client device and the host device. The gateway device may maintain two different encryption methods between the client device and the gateway device, and the gateway device and the host device. | 1. A method comprising:
receiving, at a gateway device, via a public network, and from a client device, a request to access a service provided by a host device in a private network, wherein the gateway device is in communication with the public network and in communication with the private network; transmitting, from the gateway device to an authentication service, a request to authenticate the client device; receiving, at the gateway device from the authentication service, an indication that the client device has been authenticated; storing, by the gateway device, a record comprising:
an address of the client device, and
an indication that the address of the client device has been authenticated;
creating, at the gateway device, a port binding between:
a first port and an associated address of the gateway device for communicating with the service, the first port being opened for the client device to access the gateway device, and
a second port for the gateway device to access the host device;
transmitting, from the gateway device to the client device, a port number corresponding to the first port and the associated address of the gateway device for communicating with the service; and receiving, at the gateway device via the public network, on the first port, data to be transmitted to the host device, the data including an address of a device having sent the data; and if the address of the device having sent the data corresponds to the address of the client device for which the first port is opened:
replacing, by the gateway device, the address of the client device contained in the data with an address of the gateway device on the private network, and
forwarding the data from the gateway device to the host device;
wherein communications received at the first port from a device other than the client device are ignored by the gateway device. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising revoking, after a predetermined amount of time the client device's authentication. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein revoking the client device's authentication comprises removing the address of the client device from a list of authorized addresses. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving further data from the host device, the further data including an address of the host device; and before transmitting the further data to the client device, replacing the address of the host device with an address of the gateway device on the public network. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the address of the host device comprises a hostname. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the service comprises a virtual network administration tool. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the private network comprises a virtual network. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein communications between the client device and the gateway device are encrypted using secure sockets layer (SSL) encryption. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the client device requests to access the service by communicating with the host device via a third port. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the request, from the client device, to authenticate with the gateway device is received via the third port. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the client device requests to access the service using an application program interface (API). 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the record further comprises a timestamp corresponding to the authentication of the client device. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the associated address of the gateway device for communicating with the service comprises an address of the gateway device on the public network. 14. An apparatus comprising:
at least one processor; and a memory device comprising executable instructions, which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to perform the method of claim 1. | Methods and systems are described for connecting to network services on a private network. A gateway device may coordinate communications between a client device on a public network and a host device on a private network. The client device may request to access the host device via the gateway device. The gateway device may authenticate the client device. The gateway device may transcode communications between the client device and the host device, thereby masking the address of the client device and the host device. The gateway device may maintain two different encryption methods between the client device and the gateway device, and the gateway device and the host device.1. A method comprising:
receiving, at a gateway device, via a public network, and from a client device, a request to access a service provided by a host device in a private network, wherein the gateway device is in communication with the public network and in communication with the private network; transmitting, from the gateway device to an authentication service, a request to authenticate the client device; receiving, at the gateway device from the authentication service, an indication that the client device has been authenticated; storing, by the gateway device, a record comprising:
an address of the client device, and
an indication that the address of the client device has been authenticated;
creating, at the gateway device, a port binding between:
a first port and an associated address of the gateway device for communicating with the service, the first port being opened for the client device to access the gateway device, and
a second port for the gateway device to access the host device;
transmitting, from the gateway device to the client device, a port number corresponding to the first port and the associated address of the gateway device for communicating with the service; and receiving, at the gateway device via the public network, on the first port, data to be transmitted to the host device, the data including an address of a device having sent the data; and if the address of the device having sent the data corresponds to the address of the client device for which the first port is opened:
replacing, by the gateway device, the address of the client device contained in the data with an address of the gateway device on the private network, and
forwarding the data from the gateway device to the host device;
wherein communications received at the first port from a device other than the client device are ignored by the gateway device. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising revoking, after a predetermined amount of time the client device's authentication. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein revoking the client device's authentication comprises removing the address of the client device from a list of authorized addresses. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving further data from the host device, the further data including an address of the host device; and before transmitting the further data to the client device, replacing the address of the host device with an address of the gateway device on the public network. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the address of the host device comprises a hostname. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the service comprises a virtual network administration tool. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the private network comprises a virtual network. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein communications between the client device and the gateway device are encrypted using secure sockets layer (SSL) encryption. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the client device requests to access the service by communicating with the host device via a third port. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the request, from the client device, to authenticate with the gateway device is received via the third port. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the client device requests to access the service using an application program interface (API). 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the record further comprises a timestamp corresponding to the authentication of the client device. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the associated address of the gateway device for communicating with the service comprises an address of the gateway device on the public network. 14. An apparatus comprising:
at least one processor; and a memory device comprising executable instructions, which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to perform the method of claim 1. | 1,600 |
340,087 | 16,800,971 | 1,611 | Methods and systems are described for connecting to network services on a private network. A gateway device may coordinate communications between a client device on a public network and a host device on a private network. The client device may request to access the host device via the gateway device. The gateway device may authenticate the client device. The gateway device may transcode communications between the client device and the host device, thereby masking the address of the client device and the host device. The gateway device may maintain two different encryption methods between the client device and the gateway device, and the gateway device and the host device. | 1. A method comprising:
receiving, at a gateway device, via a public network, and from a client device, a request to access a service provided by a host device in a private network, wherein the gateway device is in communication with the public network and in communication with the private network; transmitting, from the gateway device to an authentication service, a request to authenticate the client device; receiving, at the gateway device from the authentication service, an indication that the client device has been authenticated; storing, by the gateway device, a record comprising:
an address of the client device, and
an indication that the address of the client device has been authenticated;
creating, at the gateway device, a port binding between:
a first port and an associated address of the gateway device for communicating with the service, the first port being opened for the client device to access the gateway device, and
a second port for the gateway device to access the host device;
transmitting, from the gateway device to the client device, a port number corresponding to the first port and the associated address of the gateway device for communicating with the service; and receiving, at the gateway device via the public network, on the first port, data to be transmitted to the host device, the data including an address of a device having sent the data; and if the address of the device having sent the data corresponds to the address of the client device for which the first port is opened:
replacing, by the gateway device, the address of the client device contained in the data with an address of the gateway device on the private network, and
forwarding the data from the gateway device to the host device;
wherein communications received at the first port from a device other than the client device are ignored by the gateway device. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising revoking, after a predetermined amount of time the client device's authentication. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein revoking the client device's authentication comprises removing the address of the client device from a list of authorized addresses. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving further data from the host device, the further data including an address of the host device; and before transmitting the further data to the client device, replacing the address of the host device with an address of the gateway device on the public network. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the address of the host device comprises a hostname. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the service comprises a virtual network administration tool. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the private network comprises a virtual network. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein communications between the client device and the gateway device are encrypted using secure sockets layer (SSL) encryption. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the client device requests to access the service by communicating with the host device via a third port. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the request, from the client device, to authenticate with the gateway device is received via the third port. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the client device requests to access the service using an application program interface (API). 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the record further comprises a timestamp corresponding to the authentication of the client device. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the associated address of the gateway device for communicating with the service comprises an address of the gateway device on the public network. 14. An apparatus comprising:
at least one processor; and a memory device comprising executable instructions, which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to perform the method of claim 1. | Methods and systems are described for connecting to network services on a private network. A gateway device may coordinate communications between a client device on a public network and a host device on a private network. The client device may request to access the host device via the gateway device. The gateway device may authenticate the client device. The gateway device may transcode communications between the client device and the host device, thereby masking the address of the client device and the host device. The gateway device may maintain two different encryption methods between the client device and the gateway device, and the gateway device and the host device.1. A method comprising:
receiving, at a gateway device, via a public network, and from a client device, a request to access a service provided by a host device in a private network, wherein the gateway device is in communication with the public network and in communication with the private network; transmitting, from the gateway device to an authentication service, a request to authenticate the client device; receiving, at the gateway device from the authentication service, an indication that the client device has been authenticated; storing, by the gateway device, a record comprising:
an address of the client device, and
an indication that the address of the client device has been authenticated;
creating, at the gateway device, a port binding between:
a first port and an associated address of the gateway device for communicating with the service, the first port being opened for the client device to access the gateway device, and
a second port for the gateway device to access the host device;
transmitting, from the gateway device to the client device, a port number corresponding to the first port and the associated address of the gateway device for communicating with the service; and receiving, at the gateway device via the public network, on the first port, data to be transmitted to the host device, the data including an address of a device having sent the data; and if the address of the device having sent the data corresponds to the address of the client device for which the first port is opened:
replacing, by the gateway device, the address of the client device contained in the data with an address of the gateway device on the private network, and
forwarding the data from the gateway device to the host device;
wherein communications received at the first port from a device other than the client device are ignored by the gateway device. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising revoking, after a predetermined amount of time the client device's authentication. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein revoking the client device's authentication comprises removing the address of the client device from a list of authorized addresses. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving further data from the host device, the further data including an address of the host device; and before transmitting the further data to the client device, replacing the address of the host device with an address of the gateway device on the public network. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the address of the host device comprises a hostname. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the service comprises a virtual network administration tool. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the private network comprises a virtual network. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein communications between the client device and the gateway device are encrypted using secure sockets layer (SSL) encryption. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the client device requests to access the service by communicating with the host device via a third port. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the request, from the client device, to authenticate with the gateway device is received via the third port. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the client device requests to access the service using an application program interface (API). 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the record further comprises a timestamp corresponding to the authentication of the client device. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the associated address of the gateway device for communicating with the service comprises an address of the gateway device on the public network. 14. An apparatus comprising:
at least one processor; and a memory device comprising executable instructions, which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to perform the method of claim 1. | 1,600 |
340,088 | 16,801,063 | 1,611 | An easy-cleaning coating, an easy cleaning coating having anti-fogging properties, and an easy-cleaning, anti-reflective coating. | 1-20. (canceled) 21. An optical coating composition that imparts an easy-cleaning, an anti-fogging and an anti-reflecting properties on a surface of an article comprising:
at least one silane of a formula (1);
R1Si(OR2)3 (1)
wherein R1 comprises a reactive organic epoxide group and R2 is a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group or an isopropyl group;
an alcohol component, water, and
further comprising a silane compound having a formula (2),
Si(OR2)4 (2)
wherein R2 is a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group or an isopropyl group. 22. The optical coating composition of claim 21, wherein a molar ratio of said silane of formula (2) and said silane of formula (1) ranges from approximately 1:1 to 19:1. 23. The optical coating composition of claim 21, wherein a molar ratio of said silane of a formula (2) and said silane of formula (1) ranges from approximately 4:1 to 3:2. 24. The optical coating composition of claim 21, wherein said reactive organic epoxide group comprises a 3-glycidoxylpropyl group. 25. The optical coating composition of claim 21, wherein water is added at a molar ratio to a total moles of said silane of formula (1) and said silane of formula (2). 26. The optical coating composition of claim 25, wherein said molar ratio of water and said total moles of said silane of formula (1) and said silane of formula (2) is in a range of about 1:1 to 11:1. 27. The optical coating composition of claim 25, wherein said molar ratio of water and said total moles of said silane of formula (1) and said silane of formula (2) is in a range of about 2:1 to 4:1. 28. The optical coating composition of claim 25, wherein said molar ratio of water and said silane of formula (1) and said silane of formula (2) are adjusted to optimize a hydrolysis of said silane of formula (1) and said silane of formula (2) and to prevent a ring opening of said epoxide group of said silane of formula (1). 29. The optical coating composition of claim 21, wherein said alcohol component is added at a molar ratio to a total moles of said silane of formula (1) and said silane of formula (2). 30. The optical coating composition of claim 29, wherein said molar ratio of said alcohol component and said total moles of said silane of formula (1) and said silane of formula (2) is in a range of about 2:1 to 6:1. 31. The optical coating composition of claim 21, wherein said alcohol component is selected based on R2 of said silane of formula (1) and said silane of formula (2). 32. The optical coating composition of claim 21, wherein said alcohol component comprises methanol, ethanol, propanol, or isopropanol. 33. The optical coating composition of claim 21, wherein said composition further comprises at least one high surface tension reducing surfactant. 34. The optical coating composition of claim 21, wherein said surfactant is a silicone-containing surface additive. 35. The optical coating composition of claim 21, wherein said silicone-containing surface additive comprises a polyether modified polydimethylsiloxane. 36. The optical coating composition of claim 21, wherein said composition further comprises an acid. 37. The optical coating composition of claim 36, wherein said acid is hydrochloric acid at a concentration ranging from about 0.00001 to 0.1 moles per liter of coating solution. 38. The optical coating composition of claim 36, wherein said acid is hydrochloric acid at a concentration ranging from about 0.001 and 0.05 moles per liter of coating solution. 39. The optical coating composition of claim 21, wherein said composition comprises pores having diameters in a range of approximately 5 to 20 nanometers. 40. A method of preparing an optical coating composition that imparts an easy-cleaning, an anti-fogging and an anti-reflecting properties on a surface of an article comprising:
a) forming a first mixture in a first step by combining:
i) at least one silane of a formula (1);
R1Si(OR2)3 (1)
wherein R1 comprises a reactive organic epoxide group and R2 is a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group or an isopropyl group;
ii) an alcohol component,
iii) water, and
iv) a silane compound having a formula (2),
Si(OR2)4 (2)
wherein R2 is a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group or an isopropyl group;
b) heating said first mixture for a period of time to promote hydrolysis;
c) forming a second mixture in a second step by diluting a portion of said first mixture and adding at least one additional alcohol component from said first mixture;
d) heating said second mixture formed at said second step at a range of temperature and for a period of time; and
e) stabilizing said second mixture by adding an acid. 41. The method of claim 40, wherein step b) includes heating said first mixture for 4 hours to promote hydrolysis. 42. The method of claim 40, wherein step c) includes diluting said first mixture to a concentration of about 5 to 80 percent by volume. 43. The method of claim 40, wherein step c) includes diluting said first mixture to a concentration of about 10 to 45 percent by volume. 44. The method of claim 40, wherein step c) includes diluting said first mixture to a concentration of about 10 to 30 percent by volume. 45. The method of claim 40, wherein step d) includes heating said second mixture in a range of approximately 40 to 80 degrees Celsius for 12 to 72 hours. 46. The method of claim 40, wherein step d) includes heating said second mixture in a range of approximately 50 to 60 degrees Celsius for 12 to 72 hours. 47. The method of claim 40, wherein step e) includes stabilizing said second mixture by adding said acid comprising hydrochloric acid at a concentration ranging from about 0.00001 to 0.1 moles per liter of said second mixture. 48. The method of claim 40, wherein step e) includes stabilizing said second mixture by adding said acid comprising hydrochloric acid at a concentration ranging from about 0.001 and 0.05 moles per liter of said second mixture. 49. The method of claim 40, wherein step a) includes combining a molar ratio of said silane of formula (2) and said silane of formula (1) ranging from approximately 1:1 to 19:1. 50. The method of claim 40, wherein step a) includes combining a molar ratio of said silane of a formula (2) and said silane of formula (1) ranging from approximately 4:1 to 3:2. 51. The method of claim 40, wherein step a) includes adding water to a total mole of said silane of formula (1) and said silane of formula (2) to obtain a molar ratio of water: silanes of about 1:1 to 11:1. 52. The method of claim 40, wherein step a) includes adding water to a total mole of said silane of formula (1) and said silane of formula (2) to obtain a molar ratio of water: silanes of about 2:1 to 4:1. 53. The method of claim 40, wherein step a) includes adding said alcohol component to a total mole of said silane of formula (1) and said silane of formula (2) to obtain a molar ratio of said alcohol component: silanes of about 2:1 to 6:1. | An easy-cleaning coating, an easy cleaning coating having anti-fogging properties, and an easy-cleaning, anti-reflective coating.1-20. (canceled) 21. An optical coating composition that imparts an easy-cleaning, an anti-fogging and an anti-reflecting properties on a surface of an article comprising:
at least one silane of a formula (1);
R1Si(OR2)3 (1)
wherein R1 comprises a reactive organic epoxide group and R2 is a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group or an isopropyl group;
an alcohol component, water, and
further comprising a silane compound having a formula (2),
Si(OR2)4 (2)
wherein R2 is a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group or an isopropyl group. 22. The optical coating composition of claim 21, wherein a molar ratio of said silane of formula (2) and said silane of formula (1) ranges from approximately 1:1 to 19:1. 23. The optical coating composition of claim 21, wherein a molar ratio of said silane of a formula (2) and said silane of formula (1) ranges from approximately 4:1 to 3:2. 24. The optical coating composition of claim 21, wherein said reactive organic epoxide group comprises a 3-glycidoxylpropyl group. 25. The optical coating composition of claim 21, wherein water is added at a molar ratio to a total moles of said silane of formula (1) and said silane of formula (2). 26. The optical coating composition of claim 25, wherein said molar ratio of water and said total moles of said silane of formula (1) and said silane of formula (2) is in a range of about 1:1 to 11:1. 27. The optical coating composition of claim 25, wherein said molar ratio of water and said total moles of said silane of formula (1) and said silane of formula (2) is in a range of about 2:1 to 4:1. 28. The optical coating composition of claim 25, wherein said molar ratio of water and said silane of formula (1) and said silane of formula (2) are adjusted to optimize a hydrolysis of said silane of formula (1) and said silane of formula (2) and to prevent a ring opening of said epoxide group of said silane of formula (1). 29. The optical coating composition of claim 21, wherein said alcohol component is added at a molar ratio to a total moles of said silane of formula (1) and said silane of formula (2). 30. The optical coating composition of claim 29, wherein said molar ratio of said alcohol component and said total moles of said silane of formula (1) and said silane of formula (2) is in a range of about 2:1 to 6:1. 31. The optical coating composition of claim 21, wherein said alcohol component is selected based on R2 of said silane of formula (1) and said silane of formula (2). 32. The optical coating composition of claim 21, wherein said alcohol component comprises methanol, ethanol, propanol, or isopropanol. 33. The optical coating composition of claim 21, wherein said composition further comprises at least one high surface tension reducing surfactant. 34. The optical coating composition of claim 21, wherein said surfactant is a silicone-containing surface additive. 35. The optical coating composition of claim 21, wherein said silicone-containing surface additive comprises a polyether modified polydimethylsiloxane. 36. The optical coating composition of claim 21, wherein said composition further comprises an acid. 37. The optical coating composition of claim 36, wherein said acid is hydrochloric acid at a concentration ranging from about 0.00001 to 0.1 moles per liter of coating solution. 38. The optical coating composition of claim 36, wherein said acid is hydrochloric acid at a concentration ranging from about 0.001 and 0.05 moles per liter of coating solution. 39. The optical coating composition of claim 21, wherein said composition comprises pores having diameters in a range of approximately 5 to 20 nanometers. 40. A method of preparing an optical coating composition that imparts an easy-cleaning, an anti-fogging and an anti-reflecting properties on a surface of an article comprising:
a) forming a first mixture in a first step by combining:
i) at least one silane of a formula (1);
R1Si(OR2)3 (1)
wherein R1 comprises a reactive organic epoxide group and R2 is a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group or an isopropyl group;
ii) an alcohol component,
iii) water, and
iv) a silane compound having a formula (2),
Si(OR2)4 (2)
wherein R2 is a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group or an isopropyl group;
b) heating said first mixture for a period of time to promote hydrolysis;
c) forming a second mixture in a second step by diluting a portion of said first mixture and adding at least one additional alcohol component from said first mixture;
d) heating said second mixture formed at said second step at a range of temperature and for a period of time; and
e) stabilizing said second mixture by adding an acid. 41. The method of claim 40, wherein step b) includes heating said first mixture for 4 hours to promote hydrolysis. 42. The method of claim 40, wherein step c) includes diluting said first mixture to a concentration of about 5 to 80 percent by volume. 43. The method of claim 40, wherein step c) includes diluting said first mixture to a concentration of about 10 to 45 percent by volume. 44. The method of claim 40, wherein step c) includes diluting said first mixture to a concentration of about 10 to 30 percent by volume. 45. The method of claim 40, wherein step d) includes heating said second mixture in a range of approximately 40 to 80 degrees Celsius for 12 to 72 hours. 46. The method of claim 40, wherein step d) includes heating said second mixture in a range of approximately 50 to 60 degrees Celsius for 12 to 72 hours. 47. The method of claim 40, wherein step e) includes stabilizing said second mixture by adding said acid comprising hydrochloric acid at a concentration ranging from about 0.00001 to 0.1 moles per liter of said second mixture. 48. The method of claim 40, wherein step e) includes stabilizing said second mixture by adding said acid comprising hydrochloric acid at a concentration ranging from about 0.001 and 0.05 moles per liter of said second mixture. 49. The method of claim 40, wherein step a) includes combining a molar ratio of said silane of formula (2) and said silane of formula (1) ranging from approximately 1:1 to 19:1. 50. The method of claim 40, wherein step a) includes combining a molar ratio of said silane of a formula (2) and said silane of formula (1) ranging from approximately 4:1 to 3:2. 51. The method of claim 40, wherein step a) includes adding water to a total mole of said silane of formula (1) and said silane of formula (2) to obtain a molar ratio of water: silanes of about 1:1 to 11:1. 52. The method of claim 40, wherein step a) includes adding water to a total mole of said silane of formula (1) and said silane of formula (2) to obtain a molar ratio of water: silanes of about 2:1 to 4:1. 53. The method of claim 40, wherein step a) includes adding said alcohol component to a total mole of said silane of formula (1) and said silane of formula (2) to obtain a molar ratio of said alcohol component: silanes of about 2:1 to 6:1. | 1,600 |
340,089 | 16,801,100 | 1,611 | A robot control device for a robot system that includes: an articulated robot having a plurality of internal drive axes; a processing head which is retained to a leading end of the robot, and has a processing tool and a tool drive axis that causes the processing tool to move; and an external driving mechanism which has one or a plurality of external drive axes and positions the robot, in which the robot system causes the processing tool to make contact with a processing target, and conducts predetermined processing on the processing target, in which the control device controls the internal drive axis and the external drive axis so as to position the processing head at a target position which is set as a position of processing the processing target, and controls the tool drive axis so as to make the processing tool make contact with the processing target, and the robot control device detects contact between the processing tool and the processing target by monitoring torque of the internal drive axis, the tool drive axis and the external drive axis, and performs position compensation of the robot. | 1. A robot control device for a robot system that includes:
an articulated robot having a plurality of internal drive axes; a processing head which is retained to a leading end of the robot, and has a processing tool and a tool drive axis that causes the processing tool to move; and an external driving mechanism which has one or a plurality of external drive axes and positions the robot, wherein the robot system causes the processing tool to make contact with a processing target, and conducts predetermined processing on the processing target, wherein a control device controls the internal drive axis and the external drive axis so as to position the processing head at a target position which is set as a position of processing the processing target, and controls the tool drive axis so as to make the processing tool make contact with the processing target, and wherein the robot control device detects contact between the processing tool and the processing target by monitoring torque of the internal drive axis, the tool drive axis and the external drive axis, and performs position compensation of the robot. 2. The robot control device according to claim 1, comprising:
a torque information detection unit which detects torque information of the internal drive axis, the tool drive axis and the external drive axis; a contact position estimation unit which estimates a contact position at which the processing tool and the processing target make contact, based on a change in change trend of torque information of at least one control target axis among the internal drive axis, the tool drive axis and the external drive axis detected by the torque information detection unit; and a target position compensation unit which compensates a target position of the processing head, based on the contact position estimated by the contact position estimation unit. 3. The robot control device according to claim 2, further comprising a drive axis selection unit which selects the control target axis, based on an S/N ratio, which is a ratio of torque estimated as received by the internal drive axis, the tool drive axis and the external drive axis by counterforce during contact of the processing tool to the processing target, relative to deviation between theoretical output torque which can be produced when the processing tool is not contacting the processing target, and torque detected by the torque information detection unit. 4. The robot control device according to claim 3, further comprising a torque limiting unit which reduces output torque of at least one torque limiting axis among the internal drive axis, the tool drive axis and the external drive axis,
wherein a plurality of the internal drive axes includes a plurality of base axes which mainly decide a positron of the processing head, and at least one wrist axis which mainly decides orientation of the processing head, and wherein the drive axis selection unit, in a case of the S/N ratios of all of the internal drive axis, the tool drive axis and the external drive axis being less than a predetermined first switching threshold, establishes at least one of the base axis and the external drive axis as the torque limiting axis. 5. The robot control device according to claim 4, wherein at least one of the base axis and the external drive axis having the S/N ratio of at least a predetermined second switching threshold is set as the torque limiting axis, in a case of the S/N ratios of all of the internal drive axis, the tool drive axis and the external drive axis being less than the first switching threshold. 6. The robot control device according to claim 5, further comprising a notification unit which performs an alarm notification,
wherein the drive axis selection unit causes alarm notification to be performed in the notification unit, in a case of the S/N ratios of all of the internal drive axis, the tool drive axis and the external drive axis being less than the first switching threshold, and the S/N ratios of all of the base axes and the external drive axes being less than a predetermined second switching threshold. 7. The robot control device according to claim 2, wherein a change in change trend of the torque information is a change in a change amount per unit time of the torque information. 8. The robot control device according to claim 1, comprising:
a torque information detection unit which detects torque information of the internal drive axis, the tool drive axis and the external drive axis; a contact position estimation unit which estimates a contact position at which the processing tool and the processing target make contact, based on a change in a change trend of the torque information of at least one control target axis among the internal drive axis, the tool drive axis and the external drive axis detected by the torque information detection unit; and a target position compensation unit which compensates a target position of the processing target, based on the contact position estimated by the contact position estimation unit. 9. A robot control device for a robot system that includes:
an articulated robot having a plurality of internal drive axes; a processing head which is retained to a leading end of the robot, and has a processing tool and a tool drive axis that causes the processing tool to move; and an external driving mechanism which has one or a plurality of external drive axes and positions the robot, wherein the robot system causes the processing tool to make contact with the processing target, and conducts predetermined processing on the processing target, wherein a control device controls the internal drive axis and the external drive axis so as to position the processing head at a target position which is set as a position of processing the processing target, and controls the tool drive axis so as to make the processing tool make contact with the processing target, and wherein the robot control device comprises a torque limiting unit which reduces output torque of at least one torque limiting axis among the internal drive axis and the external drive axis. 10. A robot system comprising:
the robot control device according to claim 1; an articulated robot which has a plurality of internal drive axes controlled by the robot control device; a processing head which is retained to a leading end of the robot, and has a processing tool controlled by the robot control device, and a tool drive axis that causes the processing tool to move; and an external driving mechanism which has one or a plurality of external drive axes controlled by the robot control device, and positions the robot. 11. The robot system according to claim 10, wherein the processing tool is a welding electrode. | A robot control device for a robot system that includes: an articulated robot having a plurality of internal drive axes; a processing head which is retained to a leading end of the robot, and has a processing tool and a tool drive axis that causes the processing tool to move; and an external driving mechanism which has one or a plurality of external drive axes and positions the robot, in which the robot system causes the processing tool to make contact with a processing target, and conducts predetermined processing on the processing target, in which the control device controls the internal drive axis and the external drive axis so as to position the processing head at a target position which is set as a position of processing the processing target, and controls the tool drive axis so as to make the processing tool make contact with the processing target, and the robot control device detects contact between the processing tool and the processing target by monitoring torque of the internal drive axis, the tool drive axis and the external drive axis, and performs position compensation of the robot.1. A robot control device for a robot system that includes:
an articulated robot having a plurality of internal drive axes; a processing head which is retained to a leading end of the robot, and has a processing tool and a tool drive axis that causes the processing tool to move; and an external driving mechanism which has one or a plurality of external drive axes and positions the robot, wherein the robot system causes the processing tool to make contact with a processing target, and conducts predetermined processing on the processing target, wherein a control device controls the internal drive axis and the external drive axis so as to position the processing head at a target position which is set as a position of processing the processing target, and controls the tool drive axis so as to make the processing tool make contact with the processing target, and wherein the robot control device detects contact between the processing tool and the processing target by monitoring torque of the internal drive axis, the tool drive axis and the external drive axis, and performs position compensation of the robot. 2. The robot control device according to claim 1, comprising:
a torque information detection unit which detects torque information of the internal drive axis, the tool drive axis and the external drive axis; a contact position estimation unit which estimates a contact position at which the processing tool and the processing target make contact, based on a change in change trend of torque information of at least one control target axis among the internal drive axis, the tool drive axis and the external drive axis detected by the torque information detection unit; and a target position compensation unit which compensates a target position of the processing head, based on the contact position estimated by the contact position estimation unit. 3. The robot control device according to claim 2, further comprising a drive axis selection unit which selects the control target axis, based on an S/N ratio, which is a ratio of torque estimated as received by the internal drive axis, the tool drive axis and the external drive axis by counterforce during contact of the processing tool to the processing target, relative to deviation between theoretical output torque which can be produced when the processing tool is not contacting the processing target, and torque detected by the torque information detection unit. 4. The robot control device according to claim 3, further comprising a torque limiting unit which reduces output torque of at least one torque limiting axis among the internal drive axis, the tool drive axis and the external drive axis,
wherein a plurality of the internal drive axes includes a plurality of base axes which mainly decide a positron of the processing head, and at least one wrist axis which mainly decides orientation of the processing head, and wherein the drive axis selection unit, in a case of the S/N ratios of all of the internal drive axis, the tool drive axis and the external drive axis being less than a predetermined first switching threshold, establishes at least one of the base axis and the external drive axis as the torque limiting axis. 5. The robot control device according to claim 4, wherein at least one of the base axis and the external drive axis having the S/N ratio of at least a predetermined second switching threshold is set as the torque limiting axis, in a case of the S/N ratios of all of the internal drive axis, the tool drive axis and the external drive axis being less than the first switching threshold. 6. The robot control device according to claim 5, further comprising a notification unit which performs an alarm notification,
wherein the drive axis selection unit causes alarm notification to be performed in the notification unit, in a case of the S/N ratios of all of the internal drive axis, the tool drive axis and the external drive axis being less than the first switching threshold, and the S/N ratios of all of the base axes and the external drive axes being less than a predetermined second switching threshold. 7. The robot control device according to claim 2, wherein a change in change trend of the torque information is a change in a change amount per unit time of the torque information. 8. The robot control device according to claim 1, comprising:
a torque information detection unit which detects torque information of the internal drive axis, the tool drive axis and the external drive axis; a contact position estimation unit which estimates a contact position at which the processing tool and the processing target make contact, based on a change in a change trend of the torque information of at least one control target axis among the internal drive axis, the tool drive axis and the external drive axis detected by the torque information detection unit; and a target position compensation unit which compensates a target position of the processing target, based on the contact position estimated by the contact position estimation unit. 9. A robot control device for a robot system that includes:
an articulated robot having a plurality of internal drive axes; a processing head which is retained to a leading end of the robot, and has a processing tool and a tool drive axis that causes the processing tool to move; and an external driving mechanism which has one or a plurality of external drive axes and positions the robot, wherein the robot system causes the processing tool to make contact with the processing target, and conducts predetermined processing on the processing target, wherein a control device controls the internal drive axis and the external drive axis so as to position the processing head at a target position which is set as a position of processing the processing target, and controls the tool drive axis so as to make the processing tool make contact with the processing target, and wherein the robot control device comprises a torque limiting unit which reduces output torque of at least one torque limiting axis among the internal drive axis and the external drive axis. 10. A robot system comprising:
the robot control device according to claim 1; an articulated robot which has a plurality of internal drive axes controlled by the robot control device; a processing head which is retained to a leading end of the robot, and has a processing tool controlled by the robot control device, and a tool drive axis that causes the processing tool to move; and an external driving mechanism which has one or a plurality of external drive axes controlled by the robot control device, and positions the robot. 11. The robot system according to claim 10, wherein the processing tool is a welding electrode. | 1,600 |
340,090 | 16,801,092 | 1,611 | A closed farm system for efficient plant production is provided. The closed farm system may have an air flow control system operable to direct air flow past plants growing within the system. The air flow control system may be operable to control heating and cooling of lighting panels and air flow ductwork within the closed farm system. The closed farm system may also have a plurality of LED lights mounted on one or more sheets supported by a frame assembly. | 1. A lighting panel comprising:
a frame assembly; a plurality of light-emitting diode (LED) lights mounted on one or more sheets supported by the frame assembly; a ballast assembly supported by the frame assembly; and air flow ductwork supported by the frame assembly in heat transfer communication with the ballast and/or the LED lights. 2. The lighting panel of claim 1, wherein the frame assembly includes an outer frame and a frame element in a mid region of the frame assembly, and the air flow ductwork is supported on the frame element. 3. The lighting panel of claim 2, further comprising one or more white LED lights, wherein the white LED lights are supported on the frame element in the mid region of the frame assembly. 4. The lighting panel of claim 1, wherein the air flow ductwork is configured in a semi-cylindrical configuration with a plurality of apertures therein through which air can flow out in an upward and/or downward direction. 5. The lighting panel of claim 2, wherein the frame element comprises one or more ventilation panels having slots therethrough. 6. The lighting panel of claim 2, wherein the frame element and the air flow ductwork are disposed generally horizontally. 7. The lighting panel of claim 1, wherein the ballast assembly comprises a plurality of ballast elements, and wherein each ballast element is associated with a group of LED lights. 8. The lighting panel of claim 1, wherein the plurality of LED lights include red LED lights and blue LED lights. 9. A closed farm system comprising:
one or more lighting panels of claim 1; and one or more plant panels mounted in a generally vertical orientation facing the lighting panel. 10. The closed farm system of claim 9, further comprising:
a farm housing; and a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system disposed to provide conditioned air to the air flow ductwork within the farm housing. 11. The closed farm system of claim 9, further comprising an air flow control system operable to control an air flow rate through the air flow ductwork. 12. The closed farm system of claim 11, wherein the air flow control system is operable to control cooling of air through the air flow ductwork to regulate heat transfer between air in the ductwork and the ballast assembly and/or LED lights. 13. The lighting panel of claim 5, wherein the ventilation panel has two opposite facing sides, wherein the ductwork is mounted on a first one of the two sides of the ventilation panel, and wherein the ballast elements are mounted on a second one of the two sides of the ventilation panel. 14. The closed farm system of claim 9, further comprising:
a plurality of temperature sensors, wherein the air flow control system is capable of receiving data from at least one of the plurality of temperature sensors. 15. The closed farm system of claim 9, further comprising:
a computer system, wherein the computer system is configured to interoperate with the air flow control system and is capable of controlling air flowing through the ductwork and lighting in the lighting panel. 16. The closed farm system of claim 10, wherein the air flow control system is in communication with the HVAC system for control thereof. 17. The closed farm system of claim 10, further comprising:
two outer side walls, each disposed along the length of the farm housing, wherein at least one of the outer side walls has the lighting panel mounted proximal thereto. 18. The closed farm system of claim 10, wherein the housing includes a ceiling, the system further comprising:
a rail system, wherein the rail system includes one or more rails disposed across a width of the farm housing proximal to the ceiling. 19. The closed farm system of claim 10, wherein at least one of the one or more lighting panels is located in a central region of the farm housing. 20. The closed farm system of claim 19, further comprising:
one or more grow racks, wherein the one or more plant panels are suspended from the one or more grow racks, and wherein each of the one or more grow racks and the one or more lighting panels located in the central region are mounted to the rail system whereby the plant panels and central lighting panels are moveable along the one or more rails. | A closed farm system for efficient plant production is provided. The closed farm system may have an air flow control system operable to direct air flow past plants growing within the system. The air flow control system may be operable to control heating and cooling of lighting panels and air flow ductwork within the closed farm system. The closed farm system may also have a plurality of LED lights mounted on one or more sheets supported by a frame assembly.1. A lighting panel comprising:
a frame assembly; a plurality of light-emitting diode (LED) lights mounted on one or more sheets supported by the frame assembly; a ballast assembly supported by the frame assembly; and air flow ductwork supported by the frame assembly in heat transfer communication with the ballast and/or the LED lights. 2. The lighting panel of claim 1, wherein the frame assembly includes an outer frame and a frame element in a mid region of the frame assembly, and the air flow ductwork is supported on the frame element. 3. The lighting panel of claim 2, further comprising one or more white LED lights, wherein the white LED lights are supported on the frame element in the mid region of the frame assembly. 4. The lighting panel of claim 1, wherein the air flow ductwork is configured in a semi-cylindrical configuration with a plurality of apertures therein through which air can flow out in an upward and/or downward direction. 5. The lighting panel of claim 2, wherein the frame element comprises one or more ventilation panels having slots therethrough. 6. The lighting panel of claim 2, wherein the frame element and the air flow ductwork are disposed generally horizontally. 7. The lighting panel of claim 1, wherein the ballast assembly comprises a plurality of ballast elements, and wherein each ballast element is associated with a group of LED lights. 8. The lighting panel of claim 1, wherein the plurality of LED lights include red LED lights and blue LED lights. 9. A closed farm system comprising:
one or more lighting panels of claim 1; and one or more plant panels mounted in a generally vertical orientation facing the lighting panel. 10. The closed farm system of claim 9, further comprising:
a farm housing; and a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system disposed to provide conditioned air to the air flow ductwork within the farm housing. 11. The closed farm system of claim 9, further comprising an air flow control system operable to control an air flow rate through the air flow ductwork. 12. The closed farm system of claim 11, wherein the air flow control system is operable to control cooling of air through the air flow ductwork to regulate heat transfer between air in the ductwork and the ballast assembly and/or LED lights. 13. The lighting panel of claim 5, wherein the ventilation panel has two opposite facing sides, wherein the ductwork is mounted on a first one of the two sides of the ventilation panel, and wherein the ballast elements are mounted on a second one of the two sides of the ventilation panel. 14. The closed farm system of claim 9, further comprising:
a plurality of temperature sensors, wherein the air flow control system is capable of receiving data from at least one of the plurality of temperature sensors. 15. The closed farm system of claim 9, further comprising:
a computer system, wherein the computer system is configured to interoperate with the air flow control system and is capable of controlling air flowing through the ductwork and lighting in the lighting panel. 16. The closed farm system of claim 10, wherein the air flow control system is in communication with the HVAC system for control thereof. 17. The closed farm system of claim 10, further comprising:
two outer side walls, each disposed along the length of the farm housing, wherein at least one of the outer side walls has the lighting panel mounted proximal thereto. 18. The closed farm system of claim 10, wherein the housing includes a ceiling, the system further comprising:
a rail system, wherein the rail system includes one or more rails disposed across a width of the farm housing proximal to the ceiling. 19. The closed farm system of claim 10, wherein at least one of the one or more lighting panels is located in a central region of the farm housing. 20. The closed farm system of claim 19, further comprising:
one or more grow racks, wherein the one or more plant panels are suspended from the one or more grow racks, and wherein each of the one or more grow racks and the one or more lighting panels located in the central region are mounted to the rail system whereby the plant panels and central lighting panels are moveable along the one or more rails. | 1,600 |
340,091 | 16,801,070 | 1,611 | Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a base station (BS) may configure a UE to transmit a cross link interference reference signal (CLI-RS) using a bandwidth and frequency similar to those used for a synchronization signal. In another aspect, a BS may may configure a UE to measure a cross link interference reference signal (CLI-RS) transmitted using a bandwidth and frequency similar to those used for a synchronization signal. In other aspects, a base station may transmit, to a UE, an instruction to transmit or measure a CLI-RS. Numerous other aspects are provided. | 1. A method for wireless communication at a first user equipment (UE) served by a cell associated with a base station, comprising:
receiving a configuration identifying resources for transmitting a cross-link interference (CLI) sounding reference signal (SRS) to a second UE, the resources being based on a synchronization signal transmitted by a base station of the first or second UE; and transmitting, to the second UE, the CLI SRS in the resources according to the configuration. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the resources are preconfigured. 3. The method of claim 3, wherein the resources are configured by control signaling. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first UE transmits the CLI RS during an active portion of a DRX cycle. 5. A method for wireless communication at a second user equipment (UE) served by a cell associated with a base station, comprising:
receiving a configuration identifying resources for transmission of a cross-link interference (CLI) sounding reference signal (SRS) by a first UE, the resources being based on a synchronization signal transmitted by a base station of the first or second UE; and receiving, from the first UE, the CLI SRS in the resources according to the configuration. 6. The method of claim 5, futher comprising measuring metrics related to the configured resources. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising transmiting a report of the measured metric to a base station. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the report includes an indication that the second UE was unable to measure the CLI SRS. 9. The method of claim 7 where in the metric is a reference signal received power (RSRP). 10. The method of claim 7, wherein the metric is the total received power (RSSI). 11. The method of claim 5, wherein the bandwidth of the CLI SRS is within the bandwidth of the synchronization signal. 12. The method of claim 5, wherein the bandwidth of the CLI SRS resources is the same as the bandwidth of the synchronization signal. 13. The method of claims 5, wherein the center frequency of the CLI RS is the same as the center frequency of the synchronization signal. 14. The method of claim 5, wherein the center frequency of the CLI RS has a fixed offset from the center frequency of the synchronization signal. 15. The method of claim 5, wherein the second UE receives the CLI RS during an active portion of a DRX cycle. 16. A method for wireless communication at a base station, comprising:
transmitting, to a first UE, a configuration identifying resources for transmitting a cross-link interference (CLI) sounding reference signal (SRS) to a second UE, the resources being based on a synchronization signal transmitted by a base station of the first or second UE; and transmitting, to the first UE, instructions to transmit the CLI SRS according to the configuration. 17. A method for wireless communication at a base station, comprising:
transmitting, to a second UE, a configuration identifying resources for transmission of a cross-link interference (CLI) sounding reference signal (SRS) by a first UE, the resources being based on a synchronization signal transmitted by a base station of the first or second UE; and transmitting, to the second UE, instructions to measure the CLI SRS transmitted by the first UE according to the configuration. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the bandwidth of the CLI SRS is within the bandwidth of the synchronization signal. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the bandwidth of the CLI SRS resources is the same as the bandwidth of the synchronization signal. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein the center frequency of the CLI SRS is the same as the center frequency of the synchronization signal. 21. The method of claims 17, wherein the center frequency of the CLI SRS has a fixed offset from the center frequency of the synchronization signal. 22. The method of claim 17, wherein the resources are preconfigured. 23. The method of claim 17 wherein the resources are configured by control signaling. 24. The method of claims 17, wherein the first UE is configured to transmit the CLI SRS during an active portion of a DRX cycle. 25. The method of claims 17, wherein the second UE is configured to receive the CLI SRS during an active portion of a DRX cycle. 26. The method of claim 17, wherein the second UE measures metrics related to the configured resources. 27. The method of claim 26 where in the metric is a reference signal received power (RSRP) or a total received power (RSSI). 28. The method of claim 26, wherein the second UE is configured to transmit a report of the measured metric to the base station. 29. The method of claim 29, wherein the report includes an indication that the second UE was unable to receive the CLI SRS. | Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a base station (BS) may configure a UE to transmit a cross link interference reference signal (CLI-RS) using a bandwidth and frequency similar to those used for a synchronization signal. In another aspect, a BS may may configure a UE to measure a cross link interference reference signal (CLI-RS) transmitted using a bandwidth and frequency similar to those used for a synchronization signal. In other aspects, a base station may transmit, to a UE, an instruction to transmit or measure a CLI-RS. Numerous other aspects are provided.1. A method for wireless communication at a first user equipment (UE) served by a cell associated with a base station, comprising:
receiving a configuration identifying resources for transmitting a cross-link interference (CLI) sounding reference signal (SRS) to a second UE, the resources being based on a synchronization signal transmitted by a base station of the first or second UE; and transmitting, to the second UE, the CLI SRS in the resources according to the configuration. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the resources are preconfigured. 3. The method of claim 3, wherein the resources are configured by control signaling. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first UE transmits the CLI RS during an active portion of a DRX cycle. 5. A method for wireless communication at a second user equipment (UE) served by a cell associated with a base station, comprising:
receiving a configuration identifying resources for transmission of a cross-link interference (CLI) sounding reference signal (SRS) by a first UE, the resources being based on a synchronization signal transmitted by a base station of the first or second UE; and receiving, from the first UE, the CLI SRS in the resources according to the configuration. 6. The method of claim 5, futher comprising measuring metrics related to the configured resources. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising transmiting a report of the measured metric to a base station. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the report includes an indication that the second UE was unable to measure the CLI SRS. 9. The method of claim 7 where in the metric is a reference signal received power (RSRP). 10. The method of claim 7, wherein the metric is the total received power (RSSI). 11. The method of claim 5, wherein the bandwidth of the CLI SRS is within the bandwidth of the synchronization signal. 12. The method of claim 5, wherein the bandwidth of the CLI SRS resources is the same as the bandwidth of the synchronization signal. 13. The method of claims 5, wherein the center frequency of the CLI RS is the same as the center frequency of the synchronization signal. 14. The method of claim 5, wherein the center frequency of the CLI RS has a fixed offset from the center frequency of the synchronization signal. 15. The method of claim 5, wherein the second UE receives the CLI RS during an active portion of a DRX cycle. 16. A method for wireless communication at a base station, comprising:
transmitting, to a first UE, a configuration identifying resources for transmitting a cross-link interference (CLI) sounding reference signal (SRS) to a second UE, the resources being based on a synchronization signal transmitted by a base station of the first or second UE; and transmitting, to the first UE, instructions to transmit the CLI SRS according to the configuration. 17. A method for wireless communication at a base station, comprising:
transmitting, to a second UE, a configuration identifying resources for transmission of a cross-link interference (CLI) sounding reference signal (SRS) by a first UE, the resources being based on a synchronization signal transmitted by a base station of the first or second UE; and transmitting, to the second UE, instructions to measure the CLI SRS transmitted by the first UE according to the configuration. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the bandwidth of the CLI SRS is within the bandwidth of the synchronization signal. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the bandwidth of the CLI SRS resources is the same as the bandwidth of the synchronization signal. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein the center frequency of the CLI SRS is the same as the center frequency of the synchronization signal. 21. The method of claims 17, wherein the center frequency of the CLI SRS has a fixed offset from the center frequency of the synchronization signal. 22. The method of claim 17, wherein the resources are preconfigured. 23. The method of claim 17 wherein the resources are configured by control signaling. 24. The method of claims 17, wherein the first UE is configured to transmit the CLI SRS during an active portion of a DRX cycle. 25. The method of claims 17, wherein the second UE is configured to receive the CLI SRS during an active portion of a DRX cycle. 26. The method of claim 17, wherein the second UE measures metrics related to the configured resources. 27. The method of claim 26 where in the metric is a reference signal received power (RSRP) or a total received power (RSSI). 28. The method of claim 26, wherein the second UE is configured to transmit a report of the measured metric to the base station. 29. The method of claim 29, wherein the report includes an indication that the second UE was unable to receive the CLI SRS. | 1,600 |
340,092 | 16,801,086 | 1,611 | Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a base station (BS) may configure a UE to transmit a cross link interference reference signal (CLI-RS) using a bandwidth and frequency similar to those used for a synchronization signal. In another aspect, a BS may may configure a UE to measure a cross link interference reference signal (CLI-RS) transmitted using a bandwidth and frequency similar to those used for a synchronization signal. In other aspects, a base station may transmit, to a UE, an instruction to transmit or measure a CLI-RS. Numerous other aspects are provided. | 1. A method for wireless communication at a first user equipment (UE) served by a cell associated with a base station, comprising:
receiving a configuration identifying resources for transmitting a cross-link interference (CLI) sounding reference signal (SRS) to a second UE, the resources being based on a synchronization signal transmitted by a base station of the first or second UE; and transmitting, to the second UE, the CLI SRS in the resources according to the configuration. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the resources are preconfigured. 3. The method of claim 3, wherein the resources are configured by control signaling. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first UE transmits the CLI RS during an active portion of a DRX cycle. 5. A method for wireless communication at a second user equipment (UE) served by a cell associated with a base station, comprising:
receiving a configuration identifying resources for transmission of a cross-link interference (CLI) sounding reference signal (SRS) by a first UE, the resources being based on a synchronization signal transmitted by a base station of the first or second UE; and receiving, from the first UE, the CLI SRS in the resources according to the configuration. 6. The method of claim 5, futher comprising measuring metrics related to the configured resources. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising transmiting a report of the measured metric to a base station. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the report includes an indication that the second UE was unable to measure the CLI SRS. 9. The method of claim 7 where in the metric is a reference signal received power (RSRP). 10. The method of claim 7, wherein the metric is the total received power (RSSI). 11. The method of claim 5, wherein the bandwidth of the CLI SRS is within the bandwidth of the synchronization signal. 12. The method of claim 5, wherein the bandwidth of the CLI SRS resources is the same as the bandwidth of the synchronization signal. 13. The method of claims 5, wherein the center frequency of the CLI RS is the same as the center frequency of the synchronization signal. 14. The method of claim 5, wherein the center frequency of the CLI RS has a fixed offset from the center frequency of the synchronization signal. 15. The method of claim 5, wherein the second UE receives the CLI RS during an active portion of a DRX cycle. 16. A method for wireless communication at a base station, comprising:
transmitting, to a first UE, a configuration identifying resources for transmitting a cross-link interference (CLI) sounding reference signal (SRS) to a second UE, the resources being based on a synchronization signal transmitted by a base station of the first or second UE; and transmitting, to the first UE, instructions to transmit the CLI SRS according to the configuration. 17. A method for wireless communication at a base station, comprising:
transmitting, to a second UE, a configuration identifying resources for transmission of a cross-link interference (CLI) sounding reference signal (SRS) by a first UE, the resources being based on a synchronization signal transmitted by a base station of the first or second UE; and transmitting, to the second UE, instructions to measure the CLI SRS transmitted by the first UE according to the configuration. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the bandwidth of the CLI SRS is within the bandwidth of the synchronization signal. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the bandwidth of the CLI SRS resources is the same as the bandwidth of the synchronization signal. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein the center frequency of the CLI SRS is the same as the center frequency of the synchronization signal. 21. The method of claims 17, wherein the center frequency of the CLI SRS has a fixed offset from the center frequency of the synchronization signal. 22. The method of claim 17, wherein the resources are preconfigured. 23. The method of claim 17 wherein the resources are configured by control signaling. 24. The method of claims 17, wherein the first UE is configured to transmit the CLI SRS during an active portion of a DRX cycle. 25. The method of claims 17, wherein the second UE is configured to receive the CLI SRS during an active portion of a DRX cycle. 26. The method of claim 17, wherein the second UE measures metrics related to the configured resources. 27. The method of claim 26 where in the metric is a reference signal received power (RSRP) or a total received power (RSSI). 28. The method of claim 26, wherein the second UE is configured to transmit a report of the measured metric to the base station. 29. The method of claim 29, wherein the report includes an indication that the second UE was unable to receive the CLI SRS. | Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a base station (BS) may configure a UE to transmit a cross link interference reference signal (CLI-RS) using a bandwidth and frequency similar to those used for a synchronization signal. In another aspect, a BS may may configure a UE to measure a cross link interference reference signal (CLI-RS) transmitted using a bandwidth and frequency similar to those used for a synchronization signal. In other aspects, a base station may transmit, to a UE, an instruction to transmit or measure a CLI-RS. Numerous other aspects are provided.1. A method for wireless communication at a first user equipment (UE) served by a cell associated with a base station, comprising:
receiving a configuration identifying resources for transmitting a cross-link interference (CLI) sounding reference signal (SRS) to a second UE, the resources being based on a synchronization signal transmitted by a base station of the first or second UE; and transmitting, to the second UE, the CLI SRS in the resources according to the configuration. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the resources are preconfigured. 3. The method of claim 3, wherein the resources are configured by control signaling. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first UE transmits the CLI RS during an active portion of a DRX cycle. 5. A method for wireless communication at a second user equipment (UE) served by a cell associated with a base station, comprising:
receiving a configuration identifying resources for transmission of a cross-link interference (CLI) sounding reference signal (SRS) by a first UE, the resources being based on a synchronization signal transmitted by a base station of the first or second UE; and receiving, from the first UE, the CLI SRS in the resources according to the configuration. 6. The method of claim 5, futher comprising measuring metrics related to the configured resources. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising transmiting a report of the measured metric to a base station. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the report includes an indication that the second UE was unable to measure the CLI SRS. 9. The method of claim 7 where in the metric is a reference signal received power (RSRP). 10. The method of claim 7, wherein the metric is the total received power (RSSI). 11. The method of claim 5, wherein the bandwidth of the CLI SRS is within the bandwidth of the synchronization signal. 12. The method of claim 5, wherein the bandwidth of the CLI SRS resources is the same as the bandwidth of the synchronization signal. 13. The method of claims 5, wherein the center frequency of the CLI RS is the same as the center frequency of the synchronization signal. 14. The method of claim 5, wherein the center frequency of the CLI RS has a fixed offset from the center frequency of the synchronization signal. 15. The method of claim 5, wherein the second UE receives the CLI RS during an active portion of a DRX cycle. 16. A method for wireless communication at a base station, comprising:
transmitting, to a first UE, a configuration identifying resources for transmitting a cross-link interference (CLI) sounding reference signal (SRS) to a second UE, the resources being based on a synchronization signal transmitted by a base station of the first or second UE; and transmitting, to the first UE, instructions to transmit the CLI SRS according to the configuration. 17. A method for wireless communication at a base station, comprising:
transmitting, to a second UE, a configuration identifying resources for transmission of a cross-link interference (CLI) sounding reference signal (SRS) by a first UE, the resources being based on a synchronization signal transmitted by a base station of the first or second UE; and transmitting, to the second UE, instructions to measure the CLI SRS transmitted by the first UE according to the configuration. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the bandwidth of the CLI SRS is within the bandwidth of the synchronization signal. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the bandwidth of the CLI SRS resources is the same as the bandwidth of the synchronization signal. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein the center frequency of the CLI SRS is the same as the center frequency of the synchronization signal. 21. The method of claims 17, wherein the center frequency of the CLI SRS has a fixed offset from the center frequency of the synchronization signal. 22. The method of claim 17, wherein the resources are preconfigured. 23. The method of claim 17 wherein the resources are configured by control signaling. 24. The method of claims 17, wherein the first UE is configured to transmit the CLI SRS during an active portion of a DRX cycle. 25. The method of claims 17, wherein the second UE is configured to receive the CLI SRS during an active portion of a DRX cycle. 26. The method of claim 17, wherein the second UE measures metrics related to the configured resources. 27. The method of claim 26 where in the metric is a reference signal received power (RSRP) or a total received power (RSSI). 28. The method of claim 26, wherein the second UE is configured to transmit a report of the measured metric to the base station. 29. The method of claim 29, wherein the report includes an indication that the second UE was unable to receive the CLI SRS. | 1,600 |
340,093 | 16,801,055 | 1,611 | An image forming apparatus and a control method of an image forming apparatus which offers high convenience are described. An image forming section forms a toner image in a print medium, and fixes the toner image by a heated fixing device. A power circuit supplies power to the image forming section to heat the fixing device. A communication interface receives a facsimile call signal and a facsimile image signal. A system controller controls the image forming section and the power circuit such that, when the facsimile call signal and the facsimile image signal are received, the image forming section and the power circuit are controlled to form an image by the image forming section on the basis of the facsimile image signal and, when the facsimile call signal is received and the facsimile image signal is not received, the power circuit supplies power to the image forming section to heat the fixing device. | 1-13. (canceled) 14. An image forming apparatus, comprising:
an image forming section configured to form a toner image in a print medium and fix the toner image by a heated fixing device; a power circuit configured to supply power to the image forming section to heat the fixing device; a communication interface configured to receive a facsimile call signal and a facsimile image signal; and a system controller configured to:
control the power circuit to supply power to the image forming section to heat the fixing device, when the facsimile image signal is received;
control the power circuit to not supply power to the image forming section to heat the fixing device, when the facsimile image signal is not received and the facsimile call signal is based on a signal from an external line; and
control the power circuit to supply power to the image forming section to heat the fixing device, when the facsimile image signal is not received and the facsimile call signal is based on a signal from an extension. 15. The apparatus according to claim 14, wherein
when a temperature of the fixing device becomes equal to or more than a predetermined temperature, the system controller is configured to control the image forming section to cause the image forming section to form an image in the print medium, and control the power circuit to stop supplying power to the image forming section. 16. The apparatus according to claim 14, wherein
when the facsimile call signal, based on the signal from the extension, is received in a state where the power supply from the power circuit to the image forming section is stopped, the system controller is configured to control the power circuit to supply power to the image forming section, and heat the fixing device. 17. The apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the fixing device includes a fixing roller. 18. The apparatus according to claim 14, wherein
when the facsimile call signal, based on the signal from the external line, is received, the system controller is configured to stand by for a predetermined time until the facsimile image signal is received. 19. A control method of an image forming apparatus, where the image forming apparatus includes an image forming section configured to form a toner image in a print medium and fix the toner image by a heated fixing device, a power circuit configured to supply power to the image forming section to heat the fixing device, a communication interface configured to receive a facsimile call signal and a facsimile image signal, and a system controller, wherein the control method comprises:
controlling the image forming section and the power circuit such that, when the facsimile call signal and the facsimile image signal are received, the image forming section and the power circuit are controlled to form an image by the image forming section on the basis of the facsimile image signal, when the facsimile image signal is received, controlling the power circuit to supply power to the image forming section to heat the fixing device, when the facsimile image signal is not received and the facsimile call signal is based on a signal from an external line, controlling the power circuit to not supply power to the image forming section to heat the fixing device, and when the facsimile image signal is not received and the facsimile call signal is based on a signal from an extension, controlling the power circuit to supply power to the image forming section to heat the fixing device. 20. The method according to claim 19, wherein
when a temperature of the fixing device becomes equal to or more than a predetermined temperature, to the control method further comprises: controlling the image forming section to cause the image forming section to form an image in the print medium; and controlling the power circuit to stop supplying power to the image forming section. 21. The method according to claim 19, wherein
when the facsimile call signal, based on the signal from the extension, is received in a state where the power supply from the power circuit to the image forming section is stopped, the control method further comprises: controlling the power circuit to supply power to the image forming section, and heating the fixing device. 22. The method according to claim 19, wherein the fixing device includes a fixing roller. 23. The method according to claim 19, when the facsimile call signal, based on the signal from the external line, is received, the control method further comprises:
standing by for a predetermined time until the facsimile image signal is received. | An image forming apparatus and a control method of an image forming apparatus which offers high convenience are described. An image forming section forms a toner image in a print medium, and fixes the toner image by a heated fixing device. A power circuit supplies power to the image forming section to heat the fixing device. A communication interface receives a facsimile call signal and a facsimile image signal. A system controller controls the image forming section and the power circuit such that, when the facsimile call signal and the facsimile image signal are received, the image forming section and the power circuit are controlled to form an image by the image forming section on the basis of the facsimile image signal and, when the facsimile call signal is received and the facsimile image signal is not received, the power circuit supplies power to the image forming section to heat the fixing device.1-13. (canceled) 14. An image forming apparatus, comprising:
an image forming section configured to form a toner image in a print medium and fix the toner image by a heated fixing device; a power circuit configured to supply power to the image forming section to heat the fixing device; a communication interface configured to receive a facsimile call signal and a facsimile image signal; and a system controller configured to:
control the power circuit to supply power to the image forming section to heat the fixing device, when the facsimile image signal is received;
control the power circuit to not supply power to the image forming section to heat the fixing device, when the facsimile image signal is not received and the facsimile call signal is based on a signal from an external line; and
control the power circuit to supply power to the image forming section to heat the fixing device, when the facsimile image signal is not received and the facsimile call signal is based on a signal from an extension. 15. The apparatus according to claim 14, wherein
when a temperature of the fixing device becomes equal to or more than a predetermined temperature, the system controller is configured to control the image forming section to cause the image forming section to form an image in the print medium, and control the power circuit to stop supplying power to the image forming section. 16. The apparatus according to claim 14, wherein
when the facsimile call signal, based on the signal from the extension, is received in a state where the power supply from the power circuit to the image forming section is stopped, the system controller is configured to control the power circuit to supply power to the image forming section, and heat the fixing device. 17. The apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the fixing device includes a fixing roller. 18. The apparatus according to claim 14, wherein
when the facsimile call signal, based on the signal from the external line, is received, the system controller is configured to stand by for a predetermined time until the facsimile image signal is received. 19. A control method of an image forming apparatus, where the image forming apparatus includes an image forming section configured to form a toner image in a print medium and fix the toner image by a heated fixing device, a power circuit configured to supply power to the image forming section to heat the fixing device, a communication interface configured to receive a facsimile call signal and a facsimile image signal, and a system controller, wherein the control method comprises:
controlling the image forming section and the power circuit such that, when the facsimile call signal and the facsimile image signal are received, the image forming section and the power circuit are controlled to form an image by the image forming section on the basis of the facsimile image signal, when the facsimile image signal is received, controlling the power circuit to supply power to the image forming section to heat the fixing device, when the facsimile image signal is not received and the facsimile call signal is based on a signal from an external line, controlling the power circuit to not supply power to the image forming section to heat the fixing device, and when the facsimile image signal is not received and the facsimile call signal is based on a signal from an extension, controlling the power circuit to supply power to the image forming section to heat the fixing device. 20. The method according to claim 19, wherein
when a temperature of the fixing device becomes equal to or more than a predetermined temperature, to the control method further comprises: controlling the image forming section to cause the image forming section to form an image in the print medium; and controlling the power circuit to stop supplying power to the image forming section. 21. The method according to claim 19, wherein
when the facsimile call signal, based on the signal from the extension, is received in a state where the power supply from the power circuit to the image forming section is stopped, the control method further comprises: controlling the power circuit to supply power to the image forming section, and heating the fixing device. 22. The method according to claim 19, wherein the fixing device includes a fixing roller. 23. The method according to claim 19, when the facsimile call signal, based on the signal from the external line, is received, the control method further comprises:
standing by for a predetermined time until the facsimile image signal is received. | 1,600 |
340,094 | 16,801,058 | 1,611 | The disclosed technology includes systems and methods for water filtration. In one implementation, a system includes a water receptacle to house unfiltered water, the receptacle including an aperture located in a sidewall, a valve component located on an exterior surface of the sidewall in alignment with a filter housing located on an interior surface of the sidewall filtrate the unfiltered water. In one implementation, a method includes filling a water receptacle with unfiltered water, filtrating the unfiltered water through a filter housing in the water receptacle to obtain filtered water, and moving the filtered water from the filter housing and out of a valve component connected to a first end of a filter housing. | 1. A method of using a water filtration system comprising:
filling a water receptacle with unfiltered water; filtrating the unfiltered water through porous tubes encased in a removable filter sleeve in a filter housing in the water receptacle, the filter housing positioned adjacent to an interior surface of a wall in the water receptacle in a horizontal axis; and moving filtered water from the filter housing to a valve positioned adjacent to an exterior surface of the wall in the water receptacle, the valve connected to a first end of the filter housing via an aperture located in the wall of the water receptacle. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
rotating a valve arm to open and close a valve opening on the valve. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
disconnecting the removable filter sleeve from a second end of the filter housing to provide access to the porous tubes. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
disconnecting the filter housing from the water receptacle; and cleaning the porous tubes. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
cleaning the porous tubes by rinsing the porous tubes. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
cleaning the porous tubes by rinsing the porous tubes in unfiltered water. 7. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
removing contaminants from the porous tubes. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the valve is positioned adjacent to an exterior surface of the sidewall in the water receptacle in a horizontal axis. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the valve is positioned adjacent to an exterior surface of the sidewall in the water receptacle in a vertical axis. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
attaching a water supply onto the valve arm; and backwashing water through the valve arm, filter housing, and the porous tubes with a water supply connect to the valve. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein backwashing water through the valve arm, filter housing, and the porous tubes by compressing the filter housing toward the interior sidewall of the water receptacle with a hand pump positioned between and connecting the valve to the filter housing. 12. A method of assembling a water filtration system comprising:
installing a valve arm of a valve into a valve receiver of the filter housing; connecting the valve to a first end of a filter housing, wherein the valve arm and the filter housing connect via an aperture located in a side wall of a water receptacle, wherein the valve is positioned on an exterior surface of the side wall and the filter housing is positioned on an interior surface of the side wall; attaching porous tubes to a second end of the filter housing; and sliding a removable sleeve over the porous tubes to connect with the second end of the filter housing. 13. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
adjacently assembling washers and a nut in the water filtration system, the washers and the nut configured to pass over the valve arm and the valve receiver of the filter housing and to create a seal. 14. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
assembling a first bead in the valve arm to lock directly into the valve receiver of the filter housing to rotate a valve opening to allow water flow. 15. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
potting the porous tubes; and encasing the porous tubes in a nylon netting. 16. A water filtration system comprising:
a water receptacle to house unfiltered water, the water receptacle including an aperture located in a side wall of the water receptacle; a valve, the valve including a valve arm to control water flow, the valve and the valve arm located on an exterior surface of the sidewall of the water receptacle; a filter housing to filtrate the unfiltered water, the filter housing located on an interior surface of the sidewall of the water receptacle, a first end of the filter housing connected to the valve via the aperture of the water receptacle, and a second end of the filter housing connected to porous tubes to collect contaminants; and a removable filter sleeve to connect to the filter housing to encase the porous tubes and to disconnect from the filter housing to provide access for cleaning the porous tubes. 17. The water filtration system of claim 16, wherein the porous tubes are hollow fibers. 18. The water filtration system of claim 16, wherein the porous tubes are encased by nylon netting. 19. The water filtration system of claim 16, wherein the porous tubes are cleaned by agitation. 20. The water filtration system of claim 16, wherein the porous tubes are cleaned in unfiltered water. | The disclosed technology includes systems and methods for water filtration. In one implementation, a system includes a water receptacle to house unfiltered water, the receptacle including an aperture located in a sidewall, a valve component located on an exterior surface of the sidewall in alignment with a filter housing located on an interior surface of the sidewall filtrate the unfiltered water. In one implementation, a method includes filling a water receptacle with unfiltered water, filtrating the unfiltered water through a filter housing in the water receptacle to obtain filtered water, and moving the filtered water from the filter housing and out of a valve component connected to a first end of a filter housing.1. A method of using a water filtration system comprising:
filling a water receptacle with unfiltered water; filtrating the unfiltered water through porous tubes encased in a removable filter sleeve in a filter housing in the water receptacle, the filter housing positioned adjacent to an interior surface of a wall in the water receptacle in a horizontal axis; and moving filtered water from the filter housing to a valve positioned adjacent to an exterior surface of the wall in the water receptacle, the valve connected to a first end of the filter housing via an aperture located in the wall of the water receptacle. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
rotating a valve arm to open and close a valve opening on the valve. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
disconnecting the removable filter sleeve from a second end of the filter housing to provide access to the porous tubes. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
disconnecting the filter housing from the water receptacle; and cleaning the porous tubes. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
cleaning the porous tubes by rinsing the porous tubes. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
cleaning the porous tubes by rinsing the porous tubes in unfiltered water. 7. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
removing contaminants from the porous tubes. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the valve is positioned adjacent to an exterior surface of the sidewall in the water receptacle in a horizontal axis. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the valve is positioned adjacent to an exterior surface of the sidewall in the water receptacle in a vertical axis. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
attaching a water supply onto the valve arm; and backwashing water through the valve arm, filter housing, and the porous tubes with a water supply connect to the valve. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein backwashing water through the valve arm, filter housing, and the porous tubes by compressing the filter housing toward the interior sidewall of the water receptacle with a hand pump positioned between and connecting the valve to the filter housing. 12. A method of assembling a water filtration system comprising:
installing a valve arm of a valve into a valve receiver of the filter housing; connecting the valve to a first end of a filter housing, wherein the valve arm and the filter housing connect via an aperture located in a side wall of a water receptacle, wherein the valve is positioned on an exterior surface of the side wall and the filter housing is positioned on an interior surface of the side wall; attaching porous tubes to a second end of the filter housing; and sliding a removable sleeve over the porous tubes to connect with the second end of the filter housing. 13. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
adjacently assembling washers and a nut in the water filtration system, the washers and the nut configured to pass over the valve arm and the valve receiver of the filter housing and to create a seal. 14. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
assembling a first bead in the valve arm to lock directly into the valve receiver of the filter housing to rotate a valve opening to allow water flow. 15. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
potting the porous tubes; and encasing the porous tubes in a nylon netting. 16. A water filtration system comprising:
a water receptacle to house unfiltered water, the water receptacle including an aperture located in a side wall of the water receptacle; a valve, the valve including a valve arm to control water flow, the valve and the valve arm located on an exterior surface of the sidewall of the water receptacle; a filter housing to filtrate the unfiltered water, the filter housing located on an interior surface of the sidewall of the water receptacle, a first end of the filter housing connected to the valve via the aperture of the water receptacle, and a second end of the filter housing connected to porous tubes to collect contaminants; and a removable filter sleeve to connect to the filter housing to encase the porous tubes and to disconnect from the filter housing to provide access for cleaning the porous tubes. 17. The water filtration system of claim 16, wherein the porous tubes are hollow fibers. 18. The water filtration system of claim 16, wherein the porous tubes are encased by nylon netting. 19. The water filtration system of claim 16, wherein the porous tubes are cleaned by agitation. 20. The water filtration system of claim 16, wherein the porous tubes are cleaned in unfiltered water. | 1,600 |
340,095 | 16,801,075 | 1,611 | A satellite payload system is presented. The system includes plurality of optical processing modules, including a plurality of ring-connected optical processing modules and at least one inter-satellite optical processing module, and at least one optical fiber ring communicatively coupled to each of the ring-connected optical processing modules. At least one of the ring-connected optical processing modules is configured to provide on-board signal processing of signals conveyed on the at least one optical fiber ring. At least one of the ring-connected optical processing modules is communicatively coupled to a respective inter-satellite optical processing module. Each inter-satellite optical processing module is configured to optically communicatively couple to a respective remote satellite. | 1. A satellite payload system comprising:
a plurality of optical processing modules comprising a plurality of ring-connected optical processing modules and at least one inter-satellite optical processing module; and at least one optical fiber ring communicatively coupled to each of the ring-connected optical processing modules; wherein at least one of the ring-connected optical processing modules is configured to provide on-board signal processing of signals conveyed on the at least one optical fiber ring; wherein at least two of the ring-connected optical processing modules are each communicatively coupled to a respective inter-satellite optical processing module; wherein each inter-satellite optical processing module is configured to optically communicatively couple to a respective remote satellite. 2. The satellite payload system of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of optical processing modules comprises:
a module input comprising an optical splitter, a module output comprising an optical coupler, a dynamic gain equalizer interposed between a first output of the optical splitter and a first input to the optical coupler, an output bank of optical filters coupled to a second output of the optical splitter, and an input bank of optical filters coupled to a second input of the optical coupler. 3. The satellite payload system of claim 2,
wherein the at least two of the plurality of the ring-connected optical processing modules that are each communicatively coupled to a respective inter-satellite optical processing module are each communicatively coupled to a respective inter-satellite optical processing module via a respective bank of optical filters, and wherein each inter-satellite optical processing module is configured to optically communicatively couple to a respective remote satellite via at least one of its module input and via its module output. 4. The satellite payload system of claim 2, wherein, for each of the plurality of optical processing modules, the respective output bank of optical filters, and the respective input bank of optical filters are dynamically tunable. 5. The satellite payload system of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of optical processing modules have identical architecture. 6. The satellite payload system of claim 1, wherein the at least one optical fiber ring comprises dual counter-rotating optical fiber rings. 7. The satellite payload system of claim 1, wherein the at least one of the ring-connected optical processing modules is configured to participate in on-board optical signal processing of photonic data conveyed on the at least one optical fiber ring. 8. The satellite payload system of claim 1, wherein the at least one of the ring-connected optical processing modules is configured to participate in on-board radio-frequency signal processing of electromagnetic data corresponding to at least one signal conveyed on the at least one optical fiber ring. 9. The satellite payload system of claim 1, configured to provide selectable optical routing to a plurality of remote satellites. 10. (canceled) 11. A method performed by a satellite payload system, the satellite payload system comprising:
a plurality of optical processing modules comprising a plurality of ring-connected optical processing modules and at least one inter-satellite optical processing module, wherein at least two of the ring-connected optical processing modules are each communicatively coupled to a respective inter-satellite optical processing module; and at least one optical fiber ring communicatively coupled to each of the ring-connected optical processing modules; the method comprising:
communicatively coupling optically, by at least one inter-satellite processing module, to a respective remote satellite;
passing, by the at least one inter-satellite processing module and to at least one of the ring-connected optical processing modules at least one signal comprising inter-satellite data; and
processing, at least in part by the at least one of the ring-connected optical processing modules the inter-satellite data. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein each of the plurality of optical processing modules comprises:
a module input comprising an optical splitter, a module output comprising an optical coupler, a dynamic gain equalizer interposed between a first output of the optical splitter and a first input to the optical coupler, an output bank of optical filters coupled to a second output of the optical splitter, and an input bank of optical filters coupled to a second input of the optical coupler. 13. The method of claim 12,
wherein the communicatively coupling optically comprises communicatively coupling optically via at least one of a module input and a module output of the at least one inter-satellite processing module, and wherein the passing comprises passing via respective banks of optical filters. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein, for each of the plurality of optical processing modules, the respective output bank of optical filters and the respective input bank of optical filters are dynamically tunable. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein each of the plurality of optical processing modules have identical architecture. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein the at least one optical fiber ring comprises dual counter-rotating optical fiber rings. 17. The method of claim 11, wherein the processing comprises optically processing. 18. The method of claim 11, wherein the processing comprises radio-frequency electromagnetic data processing. 19. The method of claim 11, further comprising repeating the communicatively coupling optically, the passing, and the processing, for a plurality of remote satellites. 20. (canceled) 21. The satellite payload system of claim 1, configured to aggregate a plurality of signals from a plurality of satellites. 22. The method of claim 11, further comprising aggregating a plurality of signals from a plurality of satellites. | A satellite payload system is presented. The system includes plurality of optical processing modules, including a plurality of ring-connected optical processing modules and at least one inter-satellite optical processing module, and at least one optical fiber ring communicatively coupled to each of the ring-connected optical processing modules. At least one of the ring-connected optical processing modules is configured to provide on-board signal processing of signals conveyed on the at least one optical fiber ring. At least one of the ring-connected optical processing modules is communicatively coupled to a respective inter-satellite optical processing module. Each inter-satellite optical processing module is configured to optically communicatively couple to a respective remote satellite.1. A satellite payload system comprising:
a plurality of optical processing modules comprising a plurality of ring-connected optical processing modules and at least one inter-satellite optical processing module; and at least one optical fiber ring communicatively coupled to each of the ring-connected optical processing modules; wherein at least one of the ring-connected optical processing modules is configured to provide on-board signal processing of signals conveyed on the at least one optical fiber ring; wherein at least two of the ring-connected optical processing modules are each communicatively coupled to a respective inter-satellite optical processing module; wherein each inter-satellite optical processing module is configured to optically communicatively couple to a respective remote satellite. 2. The satellite payload system of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of optical processing modules comprises:
a module input comprising an optical splitter, a module output comprising an optical coupler, a dynamic gain equalizer interposed between a first output of the optical splitter and a first input to the optical coupler, an output bank of optical filters coupled to a second output of the optical splitter, and an input bank of optical filters coupled to a second input of the optical coupler. 3. The satellite payload system of claim 2,
wherein the at least two of the plurality of the ring-connected optical processing modules that are each communicatively coupled to a respective inter-satellite optical processing module are each communicatively coupled to a respective inter-satellite optical processing module via a respective bank of optical filters, and wherein each inter-satellite optical processing module is configured to optically communicatively couple to a respective remote satellite via at least one of its module input and via its module output. 4. The satellite payload system of claim 2, wherein, for each of the plurality of optical processing modules, the respective output bank of optical filters, and the respective input bank of optical filters are dynamically tunable. 5. The satellite payload system of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of optical processing modules have identical architecture. 6. The satellite payload system of claim 1, wherein the at least one optical fiber ring comprises dual counter-rotating optical fiber rings. 7. The satellite payload system of claim 1, wherein the at least one of the ring-connected optical processing modules is configured to participate in on-board optical signal processing of photonic data conveyed on the at least one optical fiber ring. 8. The satellite payload system of claim 1, wherein the at least one of the ring-connected optical processing modules is configured to participate in on-board radio-frequency signal processing of electromagnetic data corresponding to at least one signal conveyed on the at least one optical fiber ring. 9. The satellite payload system of claim 1, configured to provide selectable optical routing to a plurality of remote satellites. 10. (canceled) 11. A method performed by a satellite payload system, the satellite payload system comprising:
a plurality of optical processing modules comprising a plurality of ring-connected optical processing modules and at least one inter-satellite optical processing module, wherein at least two of the ring-connected optical processing modules are each communicatively coupled to a respective inter-satellite optical processing module; and at least one optical fiber ring communicatively coupled to each of the ring-connected optical processing modules; the method comprising:
communicatively coupling optically, by at least one inter-satellite processing module, to a respective remote satellite;
passing, by the at least one inter-satellite processing module and to at least one of the ring-connected optical processing modules at least one signal comprising inter-satellite data; and
processing, at least in part by the at least one of the ring-connected optical processing modules the inter-satellite data. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein each of the plurality of optical processing modules comprises:
a module input comprising an optical splitter, a module output comprising an optical coupler, a dynamic gain equalizer interposed between a first output of the optical splitter and a first input to the optical coupler, an output bank of optical filters coupled to a second output of the optical splitter, and an input bank of optical filters coupled to a second input of the optical coupler. 13. The method of claim 12,
wherein the communicatively coupling optically comprises communicatively coupling optically via at least one of a module input and a module output of the at least one inter-satellite processing module, and wherein the passing comprises passing via respective banks of optical filters. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein, for each of the plurality of optical processing modules, the respective output bank of optical filters and the respective input bank of optical filters are dynamically tunable. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein each of the plurality of optical processing modules have identical architecture. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein the at least one optical fiber ring comprises dual counter-rotating optical fiber rings. 17. The method of claim 11, wherein the processing comprises optically processing. 18. The method of claim 11, wherein the processing comprises radio-frequency electromagnetic data processing. 19. The method of claim 11, further comprising repeating the communicatively coupling optically, the passing, and the processing, for a plurality of remote satellites. 20. (canceled) 21. The satellite payload system of claim 1, configured to aggregate a plurality of signals from a plurality of satellites. 22. The method of claim 11, further comprising aggregating a plurality of signals from a plurality of satellites. | 1,600 |
340,096 | 16,801,066 | 1,611 | Methods, systems, and devices for multi-device object tracking and localization are described. A device may transmit a request message associated with a target object to a set of devices within a target area. The request message may include an image of the target object, a feature of the target object, or at least a portion of a trained model associated with the target object. Subsequently, the device may receive response messages from the set of devices based on the request message. The response messages may include a portion of a captured image including the target object, location information of the devices, a pose of the devices, or temporal information of the target object detected within the target area by the devices. In some examples, the device may determine positional information with respect to the target object based on the one or more response messages. | 1. An apparatus for tracking an object, comprising:
a processor; memory coupled with the processor; and a transceiver, wherein the processor is configured to:
transmit, via the transceiver, a request message associated with a target object to a plurality of devices within a target area, the request message comprising one or more of an image of the target object, a feature of the target object, or at least a portion of a trained model associated with the target object;
receive, via the transceiver, one or more response messages from one or more devices of the plurality of devices based at least in part on the request message, the one or more response messages comprising one or more of a portion of an image including the target object captured by the one or more devices, location information of the one or more devices, a pose of the one or more devices, or temporal information of the target object detected within the target area by the one or more devices; and
determine positional information with respect to the target object based at least in part on the one or more response messages, the positional information comprising one or more of a direction to a location of the target object, a distance to the location of the target object, or a route to the location of the target object. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:
estimate the positional information with respect to the target object based at least in part on one or more of the one or more response messages, the estimated positional information comprising one or more of an estimated direction, an estimated distance, or an estimated route to the location of the target object, or any combination thereof, wherein the processor is configured to determine the positional information with respect to the target object is based at least in part on the estimated positional information. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:
obtain one or more of the image of the target object, the feature of the target object, or at least the portion of the trained model associated with the target object, wherein the processor is configured to transmit the request message associated with the target object to the plurality of devices within the target area is based at least in part on the obtaining. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:
receive a second response message from the one or more devices of the plurality of devices based at least in part on the request message, the second response message comprising the portion of the image including the target object; and verify the portion of the image including the target object based at least in part on the second response message, wherein the one or more response messages are transmitted by the one or more devices of the plurality of devices based at least in part on the verification of the portion of the image including the target object. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:
identify a privacy rule associated with the target object, the privacy rule controlling one or more identifiable information of the target object, wherein one or more of transmitting the request message or receiving the one or more response messages is based at least in part on the privacy rule associated with the target object. 6. The apparatus of claim 1Error! Reference source not found., wherein each of the one or more response messages comprise a confidence score associated with one or more of the location information of the one or more devices, the pose of the one or more devices, or the temporal information of the target object. 7. The apparatus of claim 1Error! Reference source not found., wherein each of the one or more response messages comprise one or more of location information of the target object determined by the one or more devices or a pose of the target object determined by the one or more devices. 8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:
transmit a second request message associated with the target object to the plurality of devices within the target area; receive one or more second response messages from the one or more devices of the plurality of devices based at least in part on the second request message, the one or more second response messages comprising one or more of a portion of a second image including the target object captured by the one or more devices, updated location information of the one or more devices, an updated pose of the one or more devices, or updated temporal information of the target object detected within the target area by the one or more devices; and update the positional information with respect to the target object based at least in part on the one or more second response messages. 9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the processor is further configured to:
estimate the positional information with respect to the target object based at least in part on the one or more second response messages, wherein the processor is configured to determine the positional information with respect to the target object is based at least in part on the estimated positional information. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:
determine one or more of a previous location of the target object, a temporal instance associated with the previous location of the target object, or a previous direction associated with the target object, wherein the request message comprises one or more of the previous location of the target object, the temporal instance associated with the previous location of the target object, or the previous direction associated with the target object. 11. The apparatus of claim 1Error! Reference source not found., wherein the temporal information of the target object comprises one or more of a temporal period or a temporal instance associated with the one or more devices detecting the target object. 12. The apparatus of claim 1Error! Reference source not found., wherein the portion of the image including the target object comprises one or more bounding boxes associated with the target object. 13. The apparatus of claim 1Error! Reference source not found., wherein the image including the target object comprises a live image including the target object captured by the one or more devices or a buffered image including the target object and stored by the one or more devices. 14. The apparatus of claim 1Error! Reference source not found., wherein the trained model associated with the target object comprises:
a plurality of learning layers of the trained model for distinguishing the target object from one or more additional objects in one or more images captured by the one or more devices; and one or more of class information associated with each of the plurality of learning layers of the trained model, name associated with each of the plurality of learning layers of the trained model, or version associated with each of the plurality of learning layers of the trained model. 15. The apparatus of claim 1Error! Reference source not found., wherein the portion of the trained model associated with the target object comprises a relationship between the target object and at least one additional object with respect to the target object, and one or more of transmitting the request message or receiving the one or more response messages is based at least in part on one or more of the relationship or a weighting factor associated with the relationship. 16. The apparatus of claim 1Error! Reference source not found., wherein the trained model comprises a set of learning models, the set of learning models comprising a set of learning functions associated with one or more of detecting the target object, detecting the feature of the target object, detecting one or more additional objects, detecting features of the one or more additional objects, or differentiating between the target object and the one or more additional objects. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the one or more response messages comprise:
a first response message based at least in part on a first subset of learning models of the set of learning models; and a second response message based at least in part on a second subset of learning models of the set of learning models, wherein the second subset of learning models is different from the first subset of learning models. 18. A method for tracking an object, comprising:
transmitting a request message associated with a target object to a plurality of devices within a target area, the request message comprising one or more of an image of the target object, a feature of the target object, or at least a portion of a trained model associated with the target object; receiving one or more response messages from one or more devices of the plurality of devices based at least in part on the request message, the one or more response messages comprising one or more of a portion of an image including the target object captured by the one or more devices, location information of the one or more devices, a pose of the one or more devices, or temporal information of the target object detected within the target area by the one or more devices; and determining positional information with respect to the target object based at least in part on the one or more response messages, the positional information comprising one or more of a direction to a location of the target object, a distance to the location of the target object, or a route to the location of the target object. 19. The method of claim 18Error! Reference source not found., further comprising:
estimating the positional information with respect to the target object based at least in part on one or more of the one or more response messages, the estimated positional information comprising one or more of an estimated direction, an estimated distance, or an estimated route to the location of the target object, wherein determining the positional information with respect to the target object is based at least in part on the estimated positional information. 20. An apparatus for tracking an object, comprising:
means for transmitting a request message associated with a target object to a plurality of devices within a target area, the request message comprising one or more of an image of the target object, a feature of the target object, or at least a portion of a trained model associated with the target object; means for receiving one or more response messages from one or more devices of the plurality of devices based at least in part on the request message, the one or more response messages comprising one or more of a portion of an image including the target object captured by the one or more devices, location information of the one or more devices, a pose of the one or more devices, or temporal information of the target object detected within the target area by the one or more devices; and means for determining positional information with respect to the target object based at least in part on the one or more response messages, the positional information comprising one or more of a direction to a location of the target object, a distance to the location of the target object, or a route to the location of the target object. | Methods, systems, and devices for multi-device object tracking and localization are described. A device may transmit a request message associated with a target object to a set of devices within a target area. The request message may include an image of the target object, a feature of the target object, or at least a portion of a trained model associated with the target object. Subsequently, the device may receive response messages from the set of devices based on the request message. The response messages may include a portion of a captured image including the target object, location information of the devices, a pose of the devices, or temporal information of the target object detected within the target area by the devices. In some examples, the device may determine positional information with respect to the target object based on the one or more response messages.1. An apparatus for tracking an object, comprising:
a processor; memory coupled with the processor; and a transceiver, wherein the processor is configured to:
transmit, via the transceiver, a request message associated with a target object to a plurality of devices within a target area, the request message comprising one or more of an image of the target object, a feature of the target object, or at least a portion of a trained model associated with the target object;
receive, via the transceiver, one or more response messages from one or more devices of the plurality of devices based at least in part on the request message, the one or more response messages comprising one or more of a portion of an image including the target object captured by the one or more devices, location information of the one or more devices, a pose of the one or more devices, or temporal information of the target object detected within the target area by the one or more devices; and
determine positional information with respect to the target object based at least in part on the one or more response messages, the positional information comprising one or more of a direction to a location of the target object, a distance to the location of the target object, or a route to the location of the target object. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:
estimate the positional information with respect to the target object based at least in part on one or more of the one or more response messages, the estimated positional information comprising one or more of an estimated direction, an estimated distance, or an estimated route to the location of the target object, or any combination thereof, wherein the processor is configured to determine the positional information with respect to the target object is based at least in part on the estimated positional information. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:
obtain one or more of the image of the target object, the feature of the target object, or at least the portion of the trained model associated with the target object, wherein the processor is configured to transmit the request message associated with the target object to the plurality of devices within the target area is based at least in part on the obtaining. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:
receive a second response message from the one or more devices of the plurality of devices based at least in part on the request message, the second response message comprising the portion of the image including the target object; and verify the portion of the image including the target object based at least in part on the second response message, wherein the one or more response messages are transmitted by the one or more devices of the plurality of devices based at least in part on the verification of the portion of the image including the target object. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:
identify a privacy rule associated with the target object, the privacy rule controlling one or more identifiable information of the target object, wherein one or more of transmitting the request message or receiving the one or more response messages is based at least in part on the privacy rule associated with the target object. 6. The apparatus of claim 1Error! Reference source not found., wherein each of the one or more response messages comprise a confidence score associated with one or more of the location information of the one or more devices, the pose of the one or more devices, or the temporal information of the target object. 7. The apparatus of claim 1Error! Reference source not found., wherein each of the one or more response messages comprise one or more of location information of the target object determined by the one or more devices or a pose of the target object determined by the one or more devices. 8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:
transmit a second request message associated with the target object to the plurality of devices within the target area; receive one or more second response messages from the one or more devices of the plurality of devices based at least in part on the second request message, the one or more second response messages comprising one or more of a portion of a second image including the target object captured by the one or more devices, updated location information of the one or more devices, an updated pose of the one or more devices, or updated temporal information of the target object detected within the target area by the one or more devices; and update the positional information with respect to the target object based at least in part on the one or more second response messages. 9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the processor is further configured to:
estimate the positional information with respect to the target object based at least in part on the one or more second response messages, wherein the processor is configured to determine the positional information with respect to the target object is based at least in part on the estimated positional information. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:
determine one or more of a previous location of the target object, a temporal instance associated with the previous location of the target object, or a previous direction associated with the target object, wherein the request message comprises one or more of the previous location of the target object, the temporal instance associated with the previous location of the target object, or the previous direction associated with the target object. 11. The apparatus of claim 1Error! Reference source not found., wherein the temporal information of the target object comprises one or more of a temporal period or a temporal instance associated with the one or more devices detecting the target object. 12. The apparatus of claim 1Error! Reference source not found., wherein the portion of the image including the target object comprises one or more bounding boxes associated with the target object. 13. The apparatus of claim 1Error! Reference source not found., wherein the image including the target object comprises a live image including the target object captured by the one or more devices or a buffered image including the target object and stored by the one or more devices. 14. The apparatus of claim 1Error! Reference source not found., wherein the trained model associated with the target object comprises:
a plurality of learning layers of the trained model for distinguishing the target object from one or more additional objects in one or more images captured by the one or more devices; and one or more of class information associated with each of the plurality of learning layers of the trained model, name associated with each of the plurality of learning layers of the trained model, or version associated with each of the plurality of learning layers of the trained model. 15. The apparatus of claim 1Error! Reference source not found., wherein the portion of the trained model associated with the target object comprises a relationship between the target object and at least one additional object with respect to the target object, and one or more of transmitting the request message or receiving the one or more response messages is based at least in part on one or more of the relationship or a weighting factor associated with the relationship. 16. The apparatus of claim 1Error! Reference source not found., wherein the trained model comprises a set of learning models, the set of learning models comprising a set of learning functions associated with one or more of detecting the target object, detecting the feature of the target object, detecting one or more additional objects, detecting features of the one or more additional objects, or differentiating between the target object and the one or more additional objects. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the one or more response messages comprise:
a first response message based at least in part on a first subset of learning models of the set of learning models; and a second response message based at least in part on a second subset of learning models of the set of learning models, wherein the second subset of learning models is different from the first subset of learning models. 18. A method for tracking an object, comprising:
transmitting a request message associated with a target object to a plurality of devices within a target area, the request message comprising one or more of an image of the target object, a feature of the target object, or at least a portion of a trained model associated with the target object; receiving one or more response messages from one or more devices of the plurality of devices based at least in part on the request message, the one or more response messages comprising one or more of a portion of an image including the target object captured by the one or more devices, location information of the one or more devices, a pose of the one or more devices, or temporal information of the target object detected within the target area by the one or more devices; and determining positional information with respect to the target object based at least in part on the one or more response messages, the positional information comprising one or more of a direction to a location of the target object, a distance to the location of the target object, or a route to the location of the target object. 19. The method of claim 18Error! Reference source not found., further comprising:
estimating the positional information with respect to the target object based at least in part on one or more of the one or more response messages, the estimated positional information comprising one or more of an estimated direction, an estimated distance, or an estimated route to the location of the target object, wherein determining the positional information with respect to the target object is based at least in part on the estimated positional information. 20. An apparatus for tracking an object, comprising:
means for transmitting a request message associated with a target object to a plurality of devices within a target area, the request message comprising one or more of an image of the target object, a feature of the target object, or at least a portion of a trained model associated with the target object; means for receiving one or more response messages from one or more devices of the plurality of devices based at least in part on the request message, the one or more response messages comprising one or more of a portion of an image including the target object captured by the one or more devices, location information of the one or more devices, a pose of the one or more devices, or temporal information of the target object detected within the target area by the one or more devices; and means for determining positional information with respect to the target object based at least in part on the one or more response messages, the positional information comprising one or more of a direction to a location of the target object, a distance to the location of the target object, or a route to the location of the target object. | 1,600 |
340,097 | 16,801,101 | 2,832 | A wind-powered electrical generation system having a base, a first generator tower having a first generator bay, a second generator tower having a second generator bay and a wind tower. The wind tower includes one or more vents, each having a top wall, a bottom wall, a first sloped side wall, a second sloped side wall and a back opening. The sloped side walls are the external walls of the first and second generator towers. A turbine is positioned proximate to the back opening of the vent and is in mechanical communication with a first and second electrical generator. The first electrical generator is located inside the first generator bay and the second electrical generator is located inside the second generator bay. Two wind walls adjacent to the sloped side walls of the vent are also included. | 1) A wind-powered electrical generation system comprising:
a) a base; b) a first generator tower atop the base having a first generator bay and a second generator tower atop the base having a second generator bay; c) a wind tower atop the base, comprising a vent having top wall, a bottom wall, a first sloped side wall, a second sloped side wall and a back opening, wherein the first sloped side wall is contributed by the first generator tower and the second side wall is contributed by the second generator tower; d) a turbine positioned proximate to the back opening of the vent and in mechanical communication with a first electrical generator and a second electrical generator, wherein the first electrical generator is located inside the first generator bay and the second electrical generator is located inside the second generator bay; e) a first wind wall adjacent to the first sloped side wall of the vent; and f) a second wind wall adjacent to the second sloped side wall of the vent. 2) The wind-powered electrical generation system of claim 1, further comprising a cap vent having a cap vent top wall, a first cap vent sloped side wall, a second cap vent sloped side wall and a cap vent bottom wall. 3) The wind-powered electrical generation system of claim 2, wherein the cap vent top wall has a downward angular orientation. 4) The wind-powered electrical generation system of claim 2, further including a first cap vent wind wall having a coupled to the cap vent. 5) The wind-powered electrical generation system of claim 1 wherein the base further comprises an inner base and an outer base. 6) The wind-powered electrical generation system of claim 5, wherein the inner base further comprises:
a) a cement pad; b) a first base beam coupled to the cement pad; c) a second base beam coupled to the cement pad; d) an upward oriented shaft positioned substantially at a central intersection point between the first base beam and the second base beam; e) an upper side beam pivotally connected to the upward oriented shaft and above the first and second base beams; f) an upper front beam pivotally connected to the upward oriented shaft and above the first and second base beams; g) a first hydraulic ram connecting a first side of the upper side beam to the first base beam; h) a second hydraulic ram connecting a second side of the upper side beam to the first base beam; i) rollers on a first end of the side beams; j) rollers on the second end of side beams; and k) rollers on the front beam, wherein actuation of the first and second hydraulic rams causes the upper side beam to rotationally move relative to the center shaft. 7) The wind-powered electrical generation system of claim 6, further comprising an upper back beam coupled to the upper front beam. 8) The wind-powered electrical generation system of claim 6, wherein the upper side beam includes a horizontal side beam component and a vertical side beam component. 9) The wind-powered electrical generation system of claim 6, wherein the upper front beam includes a horizontal front beam and a vertical front beam. 10) The wind-powered electrical generation system of claim 7, wherein the upper back beam includes a horizontal back beam and a vertical back beam. 11) The wind-powered electrical generation system of claim 5, further comprising one or more rollers under the first and the second wind walls and wherein the rollers roll on the outer base. 12) The wind-powered electrical generation system of claim 11, wherein the outer base includes a beam track whereon the rollers roll. 13) The wind-powered electrical generation system of claim 1, wherein the wind tower is a single column of vents. 14) The wind-powered electrical generation system of claim 1, wherein the wind tower is multiple columns of vents. 15) The wind-powered electrical generation system of claim 1, wherein the turbine includes one or more blades mounted to corresponding spokes. 16) The wind-powered electrical generation system of claim 1, wherein the first and second generator bays are substantially diagonally shaped. 17) The wind-powered electrical generation system of claim 1, wherein the first generator bay is in electrical communication with a third generator bay stacked above the first generator bay and the second generator bay is in electrical communication with a fourth generator bay stacked above the second generator bay. 18) The wind-powered electrical generation system of claim 1, further comprising one or more detachable braces attached to the generator tower. 19) The wind-powered electrical generation system of claim 1, further including a turtle deck substantially covering the base. 20) An electrical generation system powered by a wind comprising:
a) a base; b) a first generator tower above the base having a first generator bay and a second generator tower above the base having a second generator bay; c) a wind tower above the base, comprising a vent having top wall, a sloped bottom wall, a first sloped side wall, a second sloped side wall and a back opening; d) a turbine positioned proximate to the back opening of the vent, wherein the vent creates a pressure differential across the turbine, and wherein the turbine is in mechanical communication with a first electrical generator and a second electrical generator, wherein the first electrical generator is located inside the first generator bay and the second electrical generator is located inside the second generator bay; e) a first wind wall adjacent to the first sloped side wall of the vent; and f) a second wind wall adjacent to the second sloped side wall of the vent. | A wind-powered electrical generation system having a base, a first generator tower having a first generator bay, a second generator tower having a second generator bay and a wind tower. The wind tower includes one or more vents, each having a top wall, a bottom wall, a first sloped side wall, a second sloped side wall and a back opening. The sloped side walls are the external walls of the first and second generator towers. A turbine is positioned proximate to the back opening of the vent and is in mechanical communication with a first and second electrical generator. The first electrical generator is located inside the first generator bay and the second electrical generator is located inside the second generator bay. Two wind walls adjacent to the sloped side walls of the vent are also included.1) A wind-powered electrical generation system comprising:
a) a base; b) a first generator tower atop the base having a first generator bay and a second generator tower atop the base having a second generator bay; c) a wind tower atop the base, comprising a vent having top wall, a bottom wall, a first sloped side wall, a second sloped side wall and a back opening, wherein the first sloped side wall is contributed by the first generator tower and the second side wall is contributed by the second generator tower; d) a turbine positioned proximate to the back opening of the vent and in mechanical communication with a first electrical generator and a second electrical generator, wherein the first electrical generator is located inside the first generator bay and the second electrical generator is located inside the second generator bay; e) a first wind wall adjacent to the first sloped side wall of the vent; and f) a second wind wall adjacent to the second sloped side wall of the vent. 2) The wind-powered electrical generation system of claim 1, further comprising a cap vent having a cap vent top wall, a first cap vent sloped side wall, a second cap vent sloped side wall and a cap vent bottom wall. 3) The wind-powered electrical generation system of claim 2, wherein the cap vent top wall has a downward angular orientation. 4) The wind-powered electrical generation system of claim 2, further including a first cap vent wind wall having a coupled to the cap vent. 5) The wind-powered electrical generation system of claim 1 wherein the base further comprises an inner base and an outer base. 6) The wind-powered electrical generation system of claim 5, wherein the inner base further comprises:
a) a cement pad; b) a first base beam coupled to the cement pad; c) a second base beam coupled to the cement pad; d) an upward oriented shaft positioned substantially at a central intersection point between the first base beam and the second base beam; e) an upper side beam pivotally connected to the upward oriented shaft and above the first and second base beams; f) an upper front beam pivotally connected to the upward oriented shaft and above the first and second base beams; g) a first hydraulic ram connecting a first side of the upper side beam to the first base beam; h) a second hydraulic ram connecting a second side of the upper side beam to the first base beam; i) rollers on a first end of the side beams; j) rollers on the second end of side beams; and k) rollers on the front beam, wherein actuation of the first and second hydraulic rams causes the upper side beam to rotationally move relative to the center shaft. 7) The wind-powered electrical generation system of claim 6, further comprising an upper back beam coupled to the upper front beam. 8) The wind-powered electrical generation system of claim 6, wherein the upper side beam includes a horizontal side beam component and a vertical side beam component. 9) The wind-powered electrical generation system of claim 6, wherein the upper front beam includes a horizontal front beam and a vertical front beam. 10) The wind-powered electrical generation system of claim 7, wherein the upper back beam includes a horizontal back beam and a vertical back beam. 11) The wind-powered electrical generation system of claim 5, further comprising one or more rollers under the first and the second wind walls and wherein the rollers roll on the outer base. 12) The wind-powered electrical generation system of claim 11, wherein the outer base includes a beam track whereon the rollers roll. 13) The wind-powered electrical generation system of claim 1, wherein the wind tower is a single column of vents. 14) The wind-powered electrical generation system of claim 1, wherein the wind tower is multiple columns of vents. 15) The wind-powered electrical generation system of claim 1, wherein the turbine includes one or more blades mounted to corresponding spokes. 16) The wind-powered electrical generation system of claim 1, wherein the first and second generator bays are substantially diagonally shaped. 17) The wind-powered electrical generation system of claim 1, wherein the first generator bay is in electrical communication with a third generator bay stacked above the first generator bay and the second generator bay is in electrical communication with a fourth generator bay stacked above the second generator bay. 18) The wind-powered electrical generation system of claim 1, further comprising one or more detachable braces attached to the generator tower. 19) The wind-powered electrical generation system of claim 1, further including a turtle deck substantially covering the base. 20) An electrical generation system powered by a wind comprising:
a) a base; b) a first generator tower above the base having a first generator bay and a second generator tower above the base having a second generator bay; c) a wind tower above the base, comprising a vent having top wall, a sloped bottom wall, a first sloped side wall, a second sloped side wall and a back opening; d) a turbine positioned proximate to the back opening of the vent, wherein the vent creates a pressure differential across the turbine, and wherein the turbine is in mechanical communication with a first electrical generator and a second electrical generator, wherein the first electrical generator is located inside the first generator bay and the second electrical generator is located inside the second generator bay; e) a first wind wall adjacent to the first sloped side wall of the vent; and f) a second wind wall adjacent to the second sloped side wall of the vent. | 2,800 |
340,098 | 16,801,078 | 1,642 | The present disclosure provides antibodies (e.g., humanized antibodies) that specifically bind to Mer Tyrosine Kinase (MERTK; e.g., human MERTK) and compositions comprising such antibodies. The present disclosure also provides antibody-drug conjugates comprising (i) an anti-MERTK antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof described herein that specifically binds to MERTK (e.g., human MERTK), and (ii) cytotoxic agents conjugated directly to the antibodies or conjugated to the antibodies via linkers, and compositions comprising such antibody-drug conjugates. The present disclosure also provides methods for treating cancer, comprising administering to a human subject in need thereof (a) an anti-MERTK antibody that specifically binds to MERTK (e.g., human MERTK) or an antigen-binding fragment thereof described herein, or (b) an antibody-drug conjugate that comprises (i) an anti-MERTK antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that specifically binds to MERTK (e.g., human MERTK), and (ii) a cytotoxic agent conjugated directly to the antibody or conjugated to the antibody via a linker. | 1. An antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof that specifically binds to human Mer Tyrosine Kinase (MERTK), wherein the antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a heavy chain variable region (VH) and a light chain variable region (VL), wherein
(i) the VH comprises the amino acid sequence of sequence of SEQ ID NO: 105 and the VL comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 106; (ii) the VH comprises the amino acid sequence of sequence of SEQ ID NO: 107 or 108 and the VL comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 106; (iii) the VH comprises the amino acid sequence of sequence of SEQ ID NO: 108 or 109 and the VL comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 106; or (iv) the VH comprises the amino acid sequence of sequence of SEQ ID NO: 110 and the VL comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 120. 2.-4. (canceled) 5. The antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 1, wherein said antibody is a monoclonal antibody. 6. The antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 1, wherein the antibody is an immunoglobulin comprising two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains. 7. The antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 1, wherein the antibody comprises human-derived heavy and light chain constant regions. 8. The antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 1, wherein the antibody is an IgG. 9. The antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 1, wherein the antibody comprises a portion of human-derived heavy and light chain constant regions. 10. The antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 1, wherein the antigen-binding fragment is an Fab or F(ab′)2 fragment. 11. A bispecific antibody comprising two different antigen-binding regions, wherein one antigen-binding region comprises the antibody or antigen-binding fragment of claim 1, and wherein the other antigen-binding region binds to an antigen of interest. 12. The bispecific antibody of claim 11, wherein the antigen of interest is an immune cell receptor or tumor-associated antigen. 13. The bispecific antibody of claim 11, wherein the antigen of interest is CD3, PD-L1, LRP1, LPR8, TGF-β, ICOS, CD40, NKGD2, or TIGIT. 14. An antibody-drug conjugate comprising: (a) an antibody moiety that is the antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 1; (b) one or more drug moieties, each drug moiety being a cytotoxic agent, and (c) optionally a linker, wherein the cytotoxic agent is conjugated directly to the antibody moiety or is conjugated to the antibody moiety via the linker. 15. The antibody-drug conjugate of claim 14, which has a molar ratio of the antibody moiety to the drug moiety that is between 1:3 and 1:12. 16. The antibody-drug conjugate of claim 14, which has a molar ratio of the antibody moiety to the drug moiety of 1:9. 17. (canceled) 18. (canceled) 19. The antibody-drug conjugate of claim 14, wherein the cytotoxic agent is an auristatin, a maytansinoid, a pyrrolobenzodiazepine, an indolinobenzodiazepine, a calicheamicin, a camptothecin analogue, a duocarmycin, a tubulin inhibitor, a tubulysin or tubulysin analogue, amberstatin269, doxorubicin, SN-38, an antibiotic, an anthracycline, a microtubule inhibitor, a spliceostatin, or a thailanstain. 20. The antibody-drug conjugate of claim 14, wherein the cytotoxic agent is monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) or monomethyl auristatin F (MMAF). 21. The antibody-drug conjugate of claim 14, wherein the cytotoxic agent is DM1 or DM4. 22. The antibody-drug conjugate of claim 14, wherein the cytotoxic agent is monomethyl auristatin E. 23. The antibody-drug conjugate of claim 14, wherein the cytotoxic agent is SN-38. 24. The antibody-drug conjugate of claim 14, wherein the antibody-drug conjugate comprises the linker, and the linker is a cleavable linker. 25. The antibody-drug conjugate of claim 14, wherein the antibody-drug conjugate comprises the linker, and the linker is a non-cleavable linker. 26. The antibody-drug conjugate of claim 14, wherein the antibody-drug conjugate comprises the linker, and the linker is maleimidocaproyl-valine-citrulline-p-aminobenzyloxycarbonyl. 27. The antibody-drug conjugate of claim 14, wherein the antibody-drug conjugate comprises the linker, and the linker is CL2. 28. The antibody-drug conjugate of claim 14, wherein the antibody-drug conjugate comprises the linker, and the linker is CL2A. 29. An isolated nucleic acid sequence comprising a polynucleotide encoding the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 1. 30. An isolated nucleic acid sequence comprising a polynucleotide encoding the VH of claim 1. 31. An isolated nucleic acid sequence comprising a polynucleotide encoding the VL of claim 1. 32. An ex vivo cell containing one or more polynucleotides encoding the antibody or antigen-binding fragment of claim 1. 33. A method of producing an antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprising culturing the cell of claim 32 under conditions such that said one or more polynucleotides are expressed by the cell to produce the antibody or antigen-binding fragment encoded by the polynucleotides. 34. A method of producing the antibody-drug conjugate of claim 14, wherein said linker is not present, said method comprising: (a) conjugating the cytotoxic agent directly to the antibody moiety to produce the antibody-drug conjugate; and (b) purifying the antibody-drug conjugate. 35. A method of producing the antibody-drug conjugate of claim 14, wherein said antibody-drug conjugate comprises said linker, said method comprising the following steps in the order stated: (a) conjugating the linker directly to the antibody moiety to produce a linker-antibody moiety; (b) conjugating the linker of the linker-antibody moiety directly to the cytotoxic agent to produce the antibody-drug conjugate; and (c) purifying the antibody-drug conjugate. 36. A method of producing the antibody-drug conjugate of claim 14, wherein said antibody-drug conjugate comprises said linker, said method comprising the following steps in the order stated: (a) conjugating the linker directly to the cytotoxic agent to produce a linker-cytotoxic agent moiety; (b) conjugating the linker of the linker-cytotoxic agent moiety directly to the antibody moiety to produce the antibody-drug conjugate; and (c) purifying the antibody-drug conjugate. 37. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of the antibody or antigen-binding fragment of claim 1, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 38. A method of treating cancer in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to said subject the pharmaceutical composition of claim 37. 39.-60. (canceled) 61. An antibody-drug conjugate comprising an antibody moiety comprising a heavy chain variable region (VH) and a light chain variable region (VL), wherein the VH comprises the amino acid sequence of sequence of SEQ ID NO: 105 and the VL comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 106, wherein the antibody moiety is conjugated to MMAE via an mc-vc-PABC linker. 62. An antibody-drug conjugate comprising an antibody moiety comprising a heavy chain variable region (VH) and a light chain variable region (VL), wherein the VH comprises the amino acid sequence of sequence of SEQ ID NO: 105 and the VL comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 106, wherein the antibody moiety is conjugated to SN-38 via the CL2A linker. 63. (canceled) 64. (canceled) 65. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of the antibody-drug conjugate of claim 14, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 66. A method of treating cancer in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to said subject the pharmaceutical composition of claim 65. | The present disclosure provides antibodies (e.g., humanized antibodies) that specifically bind to Mer Tyrosine Kinase (MERTK; e.g., human MERTK) and compositions comprising such antibodies. The present disclosure also provides antibody-drug conjugates comprising (i) an anti-MERTK antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof described herein that specifically binds to MERTK (e.g., human MERTK), and (ii) cytotoxic agents conjugated directly to the antibodies or conjugated to the antibodies via linkers, and compositions comprising such antibody-drug conjugates. The present disclosure also provides methods for treating cancer, comprising administering to a human subject in need thereof (a) an anti-MERTK antibody that specifically binds to MERTK (e.g., human MERTK) or an antigen-binding fragment thereof described herein, or (b) an antibody-drug conjugate that comprises (i) an anti-MERTK antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that specifically binds to MERTK (e.g., human MERTK), and (ii) a cytotoxic agent conjugated directly to the antibody or conjugated to the antibody via a linker.1. An antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof that specifically binds to human Mer Tyrosine Kinase (MERTK), wherein the antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a heavy chain variable region (VH) and a light chain variable region (VL), wherein
(i) the VH comprises the amino acid sequence of sequence of SEQ ID NO: 105 and the VL comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 106; (ii) the VH comprises the amino acid sequence of sequence of SEQ ID NO: 107 or 108 and the VL comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 106; (iii) the VH comprises the amino acid sequence of sequence of SEQ ID NO: 108 or 109 and the VL comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 106; or (iv) the VH comprises the amino acid sequence of sequence of SEQ ID NO: 110 and the VL comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 120. 2.-4. (canceled) 5. The antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 1, wherein said antibody is a monoclonal antibody. 6. The antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 1, wherein the antibody is an immunoglobulin comprising two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains. 7. The antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 1, wherein the antibody comprises human-derived heavy and light chain constant regions. 8. The antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 1, wherein the antibody is an IgG. 9. The antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 1, wherein the antibody comprises a portion of human-derived heavy and light chain constant regions. 10. The antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 1, wherein the antigen-binding fragment is an Fab or F(ab′)2 fragment. 11. A bispecific antibody comprising two different antigen-binding regions, wherein one antigen-binding region comprises the antibody or antigen-binding fragment of claim 1, and wherein the other antigen-binding region binds to an antigen of interest. 12. The bispecific antibody of claim 11, wherein the antigen of interest is an immune cell receptor or tumor-associated antigen. 13. The bispecific antibody of claim 11, wherein the antigen of interest is CD3, PD-L1, LRP1, LPR8, TGF-β, ICOS, CD40, NKGD2, or TIGIT. 14. An antibody-drug conjugate comprising: (a) an antibody moiety that is the antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 1; (b) one or more drug moieties, each drug moiety being a cytotoxic agent, and (c) optionally a linker, wherein the cytotoxic agent is conjugated directly to the antibody moiety or is conjugated to the antibody moiety via the linker. 15. The antibody-drug conjugate of claim 14, which has a molar ratio of the antibody moiety to the drug moiety that is between 1:3 and 1:12. 16. The antibody-drug conjugate of claim 14, which has a molar ratio of the antibody moiety to the drug moiety of 1:9. 17. (canceled) 18. (canceled) 19. The antibody-drug conjugate of claim 14, wherein the cytotoxic agent is an auristatin, a maytansinoid, a pyrrolobenzodiazepine, an indolinobenzodiazepine, a calicheamicin, a camptothecin analogue, a duocarmycin, a tubulin inhibitor, a tubulysin or tubulysin analogue, amberstatin269, doxorubicin, SN-38, an antibiotic, an anthracycline, a microtubule inhibitor, a spliceostatin, or a thailanstain. 20. The antibody-drug conjugate of claim 14, wherein the cytotoxic agent is monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) or monomethyl auristatin F (MMAF). 21. The antibody-drug conjugate of claim 14, wherein the cytotoxic agent is DM1 or DM4. 22. The antibody-drug conjugate of claim 14, wherein the cytotoxic agent is monomethyl auristatin E. 23. The antibody-drug conjugate of claim 14, wherein the cytotoxic agent is SN-38. 24. The antibody-drug conjugate of claim 14, wherein the antibody-drug conjugate comprises the linker, and the linker is a cleavable linker. 25. The antibody-drug conjugate of claim 14, wherein the antibody-drug conjugate comprises the linker, and the linker is a non-cleavable linker. 26. The antibody-drug conjugate of claim 14, wherein the antibody-drug conjugate comprises the linker, and the linker is maleimidocaproyl-valine-citrulline-p-aminobenzyloxycarbonyl. 27. The antibody-drug conjugate of claim 14, wherein the antibody-drug conjugate comprises the linker, and the linker is CL2. 28. The antibody-drug conjugate of claim 14, wherein the antibody-drug conjugate comprises the linker, and the linker is CL2A. 29. An isolated nucleic acid sequence comprising a polynucleotide encoding the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 1. 30. An isolated nucleic acid sequence comprising a polynucleotide encoding the VH of claim 1. 31. An isolated nucleic acid sequence comprising a polynucleotide encoding the VL of claim 1. 32. An ex vivo cell containing one or more polynucleotides encoding the antibody or antigen-binding fragment of claim 1. 33. A method of producing an antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprising culturing the cell of claim 32 under conditions such that said one or more polynucleotides are expressed by the cell to produce the antibody or antigen-binding fragment encoded by the polynucleotides. 34. A method of producing the antibody-drug conjugate of claim 14, wherein said linker is not present, said method comprising: (a) conjugating the cytotoxic agent directly to the antibody moiety to produce the antibody-drug conjugate; and (b) purifying the antibody-drug conjugate. 35. A method of producing the antibody-drug conjugate of claim 14, wherein said antibody-drug conjugate comprises said linker, said method comprising the following steps in the order stated: (a) conjugating the linker directly to the antibody moiety to produce a linker-antibody moiety; (b) conjugating the linker of the linker-antibody moiety directly to the cytotoxic agent to produce the antibody-drug conjugate; and (c) purifying the antibody-drug conjugate. 36. A method of producing the antibody-drug conjugate of claim 14, wherein said antibody-drug conjugate comprises said linker, said method comprising the following steps in the order stated: (a) conjugating the linker directly to the cytotoxic agent to produce a linker-cytotoxic agent moiety; (b) conjugating the linker of the linker-cytotoxic agent moiety directly to the antibody moiety to produce the antibody-drug conjugate; and (c) purifying the antibody-drug conjugate. 37. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of the antibody or antigen-binding fragment of claim 1, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 38. A method of treating cancer in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to said subject the pharmaceutical composition of claim 37. 39.-60. (canceled) 61. An antibody-drug conjugate comprising an antibody moiety comprising a heavy chain variable region (VH) and a light chain variable region (VL), wherein the VH comprises the amino acid sequence of sequence of SEQ ID NO: 105 and the VL comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 106, wherein the antibody moiety is conjugated to MMAE via an mc-vc-PABC linker. 62. An antibody-drug conjugate comprising an antibody moiety comprising a heavy chain variable region (VH) and a light chain variable region (VL), wherein the VH comprises the amino acid sequence of sequence of SEQ ID NO: 105 and the VL comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 106, wherein the antibody moiety is conjugated to SN-38 via the CL2A linker. 63. (canceled) 64. (canceled) 65. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of the antibody-drug conjugate of claim 14, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 66. A method of treating cancer in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to said subject the pharmaceutical composition of claim 65. | 1,600 |
340,099 | 16,801,076 | 1,642 | A rodent trap comprising: a cage having an entrance configured to allow a rodent to enter the cage; a control circuit board; discharge plates on an inner surface of the cage and spaced apart from each other, wherein the control circuit board is configured to establish a voltage between the discharge plates; a first infrared sensor comprising a first infrared emitter and a first infrared receiver, wherein the rodent prevents an infrared light beam emitted by the first infrared emitter from reaching the first infrared receiver when the rodent steps on adjacent pair of the discharge plates; and a second infrared sensor comprising a second infrared emitter and a second infrared receiver placed apart from the first infrared sensor. The invention also relates a method of using a rodent trap having a first discharge plate and a second discharge plate. | 1. A rodent trap comprising:
a cage having an entrance configured to allow a rodent to enter the cage; a control circuit board; discharge plates on an inner surface of the cage and spaced apart from each other, wherein the control circuit board is configured to establish a voltage between the discharge plates; a first infrared sensor comprising a first infrared emitter and a first infrared receiver, wherein the rodent prevents an infrared light beam emitted by the first infrared emitter from reaching the first infrared receiver when the rodent steps on adjacent pair of the discharge plates; and a second infrared sensor comprising a second infrared emitter and a second infrared receiver placed apart from the first infrared sensor. 2. The rodent trap of claim 1, wherein the second infrared sensor is closer than the first infrared sensor to the entrance. 3. The rodent trap of claim 1, further comprises a bait region opposite the entrance, wherein the bait region comprises a baffle covering a placement port, wherein the baffle is hinged to a wall of the cage. 4. The rodent trap of claim 3, wherein the baffle has at least one opening. 5. The rodent trap of claim 1, further comprises a bait region opposite the entrance, wherein the discharge plates comprise a first discharge plate, a second discharge closer than the first discharge plate to the entrance, and a third discharge plate between the first discharge plate and the second discharge plate. 6. The rodent trap of claim 5, wherein the first discharge plate and the second discharge plate are short-circuited to each other. 7. The rodent trap of claim 1, wherein the control circuit board is placed inside a chamber formed by a mounting substrate and a cover on the mounting substrate. 8. The rodent trap of claim 1, further comprising:
a mounting substrate, wherein the mounting substrate comprises mounting legs that are extended downward from the mounting substrate; and a bait region opposite the entrance, wherein the first infrared emitter and the first infrared receiver are located on the mounting legs that are adjacent to the bait region. 9. The rodent trap of claim 8, wherein the second infrared emitter and the second infrared receiver are located on the mounting legs that are adjacent to the entrance. 10. The rodent trap of claim 1, wherein the control circuit board activates the first infrared sensor and the second infrared sensor when electric resistance between adjacent pair of discharge plates is below a threshold. 11. The rodent trap of claim 1, wherein the control circuit board supplies voltage greater than 5000 V to the discharge plates when transmission of the infrared light beam from the first infrared emitter to the first infrared receiver is blocked and an infrared light beam emitted from the second infrared emitter is received by the second infrared receiver simultaneously. 12. A method of using a rodent trap having a first discharge plate and a second discharge plate, comprising:
monitoring electric resistance between the first discharge plate and the second discharge plate; activating a first infrared sensor and a second infrared sensor when the electric resistance is below a reference threshold, wherein the first infrared sensor comprises a first infrared emitter and a first infrared receiver, and the second infrared sensor comprises a second infrared emitter and a second infrared receiver; and supplying a voltage greater than 5000 V between the first discharge plate and the second discharge plate when transmission of an infrared light beam from the first infrared emitter to the first infrared receiver is blocked and an infrared light beam emitted from the second infrared emitter is received by the second infrared receiver simultaneously. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the rodent trap comprises an indicator light, further comprising:
activating the indicator light after supplying the voltage for a predetermined time period; and terminating operation of the first infrared sensor and the second infrared sensor when the indicator light is activated. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the rodent trap comprises an entrance configured to allow a rodent to enter, wherein the second infrared sensor is closer than the first infrared sensor to the entrance. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein the rodent trap comprises an entrance configured to allow a rodent to enter and a bait region opposite of the entrance, wherein the bait region comprises a baffle covering a placement port, wherein the baffle is hinged to a wall of the rodent trap. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the baffle has at least one opening. 17. The method of claim 11, wherein the rodent trap comprises an entrance configured to allow a rodent to enter, and a bait region opposite the entrance, wherein the first discharge plate comprises two conductive plates short-circuited to each other, wherein one of the conductive plates is closer to the entrance than the other, and the second discharge plate is between the two short-circuited conductive plates. 18. The method of claim 12, wherein the rodent trap comprises a control circuit board configured to supply the voltage, wherein the control circuit board is inside a chamber formed by a mounting substrate and a cover on the mounting substrate. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the rodent trap comprising:
a mounting substrate, wherein the mounting substrate comprises mounting legs that are extended downward from the mounting substrate; an entrance configured to allow a rodent to enter; and a bait region opposite the entrance, wherein the first infrared emitter and the first infrared receiver are located on a pair of the mounting legs adjacent to the bait region. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the second infrared emitter and the second infrared receiver are located on a pair of the mounting legs adjacent to the entrance. | A rodent trap comprising: a cage having an entrance configured to allow a rodent to enter the cage; a control circuit board; discharge plates on an inner surface of the cage and spaced apart from each other, wherein the control circuit board is configured to establish a voltage between the discharge plates; a first infrared sensor comprising a first infrared emitter and a first infrared receiver, wherein the rodent prevents an infrared light beam emitted by the first infrared emitter from reaching the first infrared receiver when the rodent steps on adjacent pair of the discharge plates; and a second infrared sensor comprising a second infrared emitter and a second infrared receiver placed apart from the first infrared sensor. The invention also relates a method of using a rodent trap having a first discharge plate and a second discharge plate.1. A rodent trap comprising:
a cage having an entrance configured to allow a rodent to enter the cage; a control circuit board; discharge plates on an inner surface of the cage and spaced apart from each other, wherein the control circuit board is configured to establish a voltage between the discharge plates; a first infrared sensor comprising a first infrared emitter and a first infrared receiver, wherein the rodent prevents an infrared light beam emitted by the first infrared emitter from reaching the first infrared receiver when the rodent steps on adjacent pair of the discharge plates; and a second infrared sensor comprising a second infrared emitter and a second infrared receiver placed apart from the first infrared sensor. 2. The rodent trap of claim 1, wherein the second infrared sensor is closer than the first infrared sensor to the entrance. 3. The rodent trap of claim 1, further comprises a bait region opposite the entrance, wherein the bait region comprises a baffle covering a placement port, wherein the baffle is hinged to a wall of the cage. 4. The rodent trap of claim 3, wherein the baffle has at least one opening. 5. The rodent trap of claim 1, further comprises a bait region opposite the entrance, wherein the discharge plates comprise a first discharge plate, a second discharge closer than the first discharge plate to the entrance, and a third discharge plate between the first discharge plate and the second discharge plate. 6. The rodent trap of claim 5, wherein the first discharge plate and the second discharge plate are short-circuited to each other. 7. The rodent trap of claim 1, wherein the control circuit board is placed inside a chamber formed by a mounting substrate and a cover on the mounting substrate. 8. The rodent trap of claim 1, further comprising:
a mounting substrate, wherein the mounting substrate comprises mounting legs that are extended downward from the mounting substrate; and a bait region opposite the entrance, wherein the first infrared emitter and the first infrared receiver are located on the mounting legs that are adjacent to the bait region. 9. The rodent trap of claim 8, wherein the second infrared emitter and the second infrared receiver are located on the mounting legs that are adjacent to the entrance. 10. The rodent trap of claim 1, wherein the control circuit board activates the first infrared sensor and the second infrared sensor when electric resistance between adjacent pair of discharge plates is below a threshold. 11. The rodent trap of claim 1, wherein the control circuit board supplies voltage greater than 5000 V to the discharge plates when transmission of the infrared light beam from the first infrared emitter to the first infrared receiver is blocked and an infrared light beam emitted from the second infrared emitter is received by the second infrared receiver simultaneously. 12. A method of using a rodent trap having a first discharge plate and a second discharge plate, comprising:
monitoring electric resistance between the first discharge plate and the second discharge plate; activating a first infrared sensor and a second infrared sensor when the electric resistance is below a reference threshold, wherein the first infrared sensor comprises a first infrared emitter and a first infrared receiver, and the second infrared sensor comprises a second infrared emitter and a second infrared receiver; and supplying a voltage greater than 5000 V between the first discharge plate and the second discharge plate when transmission of an infrared light beam from the first infrared emitter to the first infrared receiver is blocked and an infrared light beam emitted from the second infrared emitter is received by the second infrared receiver simultaneously. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the rodent trap comprises an indicator light, further comprising:
activating the indicator light after supplying the voltage for a predetermined time period; and terminating operation of the first infrared sensor and the second infrared sensor when the indicator light is activated. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the rodent trap comprises an entrance configured to allow a rodent to enter, wherein the second infrared sensor is closer than the first infrared sensor to the entrance. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein the rodent trap comprises an entrance configured to allow a rodent to enter and a bait region opposite of the entrance, wherein the bait region comprises a baffle covering a placement port, wherein the baffle is hinged to a wall of the rodent trap. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the baffle has at least one opening. 17. The method of claim 11, wherein the rodent trap comprises an entrance configured to allow a rodent to enter, and a bait region opposite the entrance, wherein the first discharge plate comprises two conductive plates short-circuited to each other, wherein one of the conductive plates is closer to the entrance than the other, and the second discharge plate is between the two short-circuited conductive plates. 18. The method of claim 12, wherein the rodent trap comprises a control circuit board configured to supply the voltage, wherein the control circuit board is inside a chamber formed by a mounting substrate and a cover on the mounting substrate. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the rodent trap comprising:
a mounting substrate, wherein the mounting substrate comprises mounting legs that are extended downward from the mounting substrate; an entrance configured to allow a rodent to enter; and a bait region opposite the entrance, wherein the first infrared emitter and the first infrared receiver are located on a pair of the mounting legs adjacent to the bait region. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the second infrared emitter and the second infrared receiver are located on a pair of the mounting legs adjacent to the entrance. | 1,600 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.