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" Instant Karma ! " ' s first appearance on a Lennon album , albeit slightly edited in length , was the 1975 compilation Shaved Fish . Urish and Bielen observe that the " advertising hyperbole " inherent in the song 's title , through the inclusion of an exclamation mark , is given extra emphasis on this album cover . The song has featured – often with the full title " Instant Karma ! ( We All Shine On ) " – on numerous posthumous compilations , including The John Lennon Collection ( 1982 ) , the Lennon box set ( 1990 ) , Lennon Legend ( 1997 ) , Working Class Hero : The Definitive Lennon ( 2005 ) and Power to the People : The Hits ( 2010 ) . " Who Has Seen the Wind ? " appeared as a bonus track on the 1997 Rykodisc reissue of the couple 's third album of experimental music , Wedding Album ( 1969 ) .
Lennon played " Instant Karma ! " at his last full @-@ length concert performance – the One to One benefit shows held at Madison Square Garden , New York , on 30 August 1972 . His backing band comprised the group Elephant 's Memory , in addition to Ono and drummer Jim Keltner . The 1986 album and video Live in New York City contains the afternoon performance of the song .
In July 1992 , " Instant Karma ! " was re @-@ released as a single in the Netherlands , backed by " Oh My Love " . Originally , copies of it were given away with early editions of The John Lennon Video Collection . When released in the rest of Europe ( barring the UK ) , this single reissue gained two extra B @-@ sides : " Mother " and " Bless You " .
Of the two 1970 Top of the Pops performances , the " cue card " version appeared on The John Lennon Video Collection in October 1992 , while the " knitting " performance was remixed and extended for release on the Lennon Legend DVD ( 2003 ) . The " knitting " version was also included on the 2003 UK single " Happy Xmas ( War Is Over ) " , released on 8 December that year .
= = Cover versions and cultural references = =
Artists who have covered " Instant Karma ! " include Toad the Wet Sprocket , Paul Weller , Duran Duran , Tater <unk> with Cherie Currie and Tokio Hotel . In 2007 , the song provided the title for Amnesty International 's multi @-@ artist compilation of Lennon compositions , Instant Karma : The Amnesty International Campaign to Save Darfur , for which U2 recorded a cover version .
The title of Stephen King 's horror novel The Shining ( 1977 ) came from Lennon 's line " We all shine on … " King has said that he was going to call the book The Shine , before realising that " shine " had been used as a derogatory term for black people .
In 1988 , Ono allowed the footwear and apparel company Nike to feature " Instant Karma ! " in an advertising campaign , after a public outcry the previous year had forced her to withdraw permission for the use of Lennon 's Beatles composition " Revolution " . Instant Karma Records was named after the song , and the Flaming Lips recorded their track " I Don 't Understand Karma " in 2009 as a reply to " Instant Karma ! "
= = Personnel = =
The following musicians contributed to the recording of " Instant Karma ! " :
John Lennon – lead vocals , acoustic guitar , piano , backing vocals
George Harrison – electric guitar , piano , backing vocals
Klaus Voormann – bass guitar , electric piano , backing vocals
Alan White – drums , piano , backing vocals
Billy Preston – organ , backing vocals
Yoko Ono – backing vocals
Mal Evans – chimes , handclaps , backing vocals
uncredited – tambourine
Allen Klein and several dozen revellers from London 's Hatchett Club – backing vocals
= = Charts and certifications = =
= Thanjavur =
Thanjavur , formerly Tanjore , is a city in the south Indian state of Tamil Nadu . Thanjavur is an important center of South Indian religion , art , and architecture . Most of the Great Living Chola Temples , which are UNESCO World Heritage Monuments , are located in and around Thanjavur . The foremost among these , the <unk> Temple , is located in the centre of the city . Thanjavur is also home to Tanjore painting , a painting style unique to the region .
Thanjavur is the headquarters of the Thanjavur District . The city is an important agricultural centre located in the Cauvery Delta and is known as the " Rice bowl of Tamil Nadu " . Thanjavur is administered by a municipal corporation covering an area of 36 @.@ 33 km2 ( 14 @.@ 03 sq mi ) and had a population of 222 @,@ 943 in 2011 . Roadways are the major means of transportation , while the city also has rail connectivity . The nearest airport is Tiruchirapalli International Airport , located 59 @.@ 6 km ( 37 @.@ 0 mi ) away from the city . The nearest seaport is Karaikal Port , which is 94 km ( 58 mi ) away from Thanjavur .
Scholars believe the name Thanjavur is derived from <unk> , a legendary demon in Hindu mythology . While the early history of Thanjavur remains unclear , the city first rose to prominence during the reign of Medieval Cholas when it served as the capital of the empire . After the fall of Cholas , the city was ruled by various dynasties like Pandyas , Vijayanagar Empire , Madurai Nayaks , Thanjavur Nayaks , Thanjavur Marathas and the British Empire . It has been a part of independent India since 1947 .
= = History = =
According to local legend , the word Thanjavur is derived from " <unk> " , an asura ( giant ) in Hindu mythology who was killed in what is now Thanjavur by the Hindu god <unk> Perumal , a form of Vishnu . The word Thanjavur is indeed a Tamil name . " Than " <unk> , " <unk> " <unk> , " ur " - city , a city surrounded by cold <unk> word " <unk> " has become " Thanjavur "
There are no references to Thanjavur in any of the Sangam period ( third century BC to fourth century AD ) Tamil records , though some scholars believe that the city has existed since that time . Kovil <unk> , situated 15 miles ( 24 km ) to the east of the city , was the site of the Battle of <unk> between the Chola king Karikala and a confederacy of the Cheras and the Pandyas . The Cholas seemed to have faced an invasion of the <unk> in the third century AD after which the kingdom faded into obscurity . The region around present day Thanjavur was conquered by the <unk> during sixth century , who ruled it up to 849 .
The Cholas came to prominence once more through the rise of the Medieval Chola monarch <unk> ( 841 – 878 ) in about 850 . <unk> conquered Thanjavur from the <unk> king <unk> <unk> and built a temple dedicated to Hindu goddess <unk> . His son Aditya I ( 871 – 901 ) consolidated the hold over the city . The Rashtrakuta king Krishna II ( 878 – 914 ) , a contemporary of the Chola king <unk> I ( 907 – 950 ) , claims to have conquered Thanjavur , but there are no records to support the claim . Gradually , Thanjavur became the most important city in the Chola Empire and remained its capital till the emergence of Gangaikonda Cholapuram in about 1025 . During the first decade of the eleventh century , the Chola king Raja Raja Chola I ( 985 – 1014 ) constructed the Brihadeeswarar Temple at Thanjavur . The temple is considered to be one of the best specimens of South Indian temple architecture .
When the Chola Empire began to decline in the 13th century , the Pandyas from the south invaded and captured Thanjavur twice , first during 1218 – 19 and then during 1230 . During the second invasion , the Chola king Rajaraja III ( 1216 – 56 ) was set in exile and he sought the help of the Hoysala king Vira Narasimha II ( 1220 – 35 ) to regain Thanjavur . Thanjavur was eventually annexed along with the rest of the Chola kingdom by the Pandya king Maravarman Kulasekara Pandyan I ( 1268 – 1308 ) in 1279 and the Chola kings were forced to accept the suzerainty of the Pandyas . The Pandyas ruled Thanjavur from 1279 to 1311 when their kingdom was raided and annexed by the forces of Malik Kafur ( 1296 – 1306 ) and Delhi Sultanate . The Sultanate extended its authority directly over the conquered regions from 1311 to 1335 and then through the semi @-@ independent Ma 'bar Sultanate from 1335 to 1378 . Starting from the 1350s , the Ma 'bar Sultanate was steadily absorbed into the rising Vijayanagar Empire .
Thanjavur is believed to have been conquered by Kampanna <unk> during his invasion of Srirangam between 1365 and 1371 . Deva Raya 's inscription dated 1443 , <unk> 's inscription dated 1455 and <unk> Deva 's land grants dated 1532 and 1539 attest Vijayanagar 's dominance over Thanjavur . <unk> Nayak ( 1532 – 80 ) , the Vijayanagar viceroy of Arcot , established himself as an independent monarch in 1532 ( 1549 , according to some sources ) and founded the Thanjavur Nayak kingdom . <unk> Nayak ( 1560 – 1614 ) , Raghunatha Nayak ( 1600 – 34 ) and Vijaya Raghava Nayak ( 1634 – 73 ) are some of the important rulers of the Nayak dynasty who ruled Thanjavur . Thanjavur Nayaks were notable for their patronage of literature and arts . The rule of the dynasty came to an end when Thanjavur fell to the Madurai Nayak king Chokkanatha Nayak ( 1662 – 82 ) in 1673 . Vijaya Raghunatha Nayak , the son of Chokkanatha , was killed in a battle and Chokkanatha 's brother Alagiri Nayak ( 1673 – 75 ) was crowned as the ruler of the empire .
Thanjavur was successfully conquered in 1674 by Ekoji I ( 1675 – 84 ) , the Maratha feudatory of the sultan of Bijapur and half @-@ brother of Shivaji ( 1627 / 30 @-@ 80 ) of the Bhonsle dynasty . Ekoji founded the Thanjavur Maratha kingdom which ruled Thanjavur till 1855 . The Marathas exercised their sovereignty over Thanjavur throughout the last quarter of the 17th and the whole of the 18th century . The Maratha rulers patronized Carnatic music . In 1787 , Amar Singh , the regent of Thanjavur , deposed the minor Raja , his nephew Serfoji II ( 1787 – 93 ) and captured the throne . Serfoji II was restored in 1799 with the assistance of the British , who induced him to relinquish the administration of the kingdom and left him in charge of Thanjavur fort and surrounding areas . The kingdom was eventually absorbed into British India in 1855 by the Doctrine of Lapse when Shivaji II ( 1832 – 55 ) , the last Thanjavur Maratha ruler , died without a legitimate male heir . The British referred to the city as Tanjore in their records . Five years after its annexation , the British replaced Negapatam ( modern @-@ day Nagapattinam ) with Thanjavur as the seat of the district administration . Under the British , Thanjavur emerged as an important regional centre . The 1871 India census recorded a population of 52 @,@ 171 , making Thanjavur the third largest city in the Madras Presidency . After India 's independence , Thanjavur continued as the district headquarters .
= = Geography and climate = =
Thanjavur is located at 10 @.@ 8 Β° N 79 @.@ 15 Β° E ο»Ώ / 10 @.@ 8 ; 79 @.@ 15 The tributaries of river Cauvery , namely , the Grand Anaicut canal ( <unk> ) , <unk> and <unk> rivers flow through the city . Thanjavur is situated in the Cauvery delta , at a distance of 314 km ( 195 mi ) south @-@ west of Chennai and 56 km ( 35 mi ) east of Tiruchirappalli . While the plains immediately adjoining the Cauvery river have been under cultivation from time immemorial , most of Thanjavur city and the surrounding areas lie in the " New Delta " – a dry , barren upland tract which has been brought under irrigation during the early 19th century . To the south of Thanjavur city , is the Vallam tableland , a small plateau <unk> at regular intervals by ridges of sandstone . The nearest seaport is Nagapattinam which is 84 km ( 52 mi ) east of Thanjavur . The nearest airport is Tiruchirapalli International Airport , located at a distance of 56 km ( 35 mi ) . The city has an elevation of 57 m ( 187 ft ) above mean sea level . The total area of the city is 36 @.@ 33 km2 ( 14 @.@ 03 sq mi ) .
The period from November to February in Thanjavur is pleasant , with a climate full of warm days and cool nights . The onset of summer is from March , with the mercury reaching its peak by the end of May and June . The average temperatures range from 81 Β° F ( 27 Β° C ) in January to 97 Β° F ( 36 Β° C ) in May and June . Summer rains are sparse and the first monsoon , the South @-@ West monsoon , sets in June and continues till September . North @-@ East monsoon sets in October and continues till January . The rainfall during South @-@ West monsoon period is much lower than that of North @-@ East monsoon . North @-@ East monsoon is beneficial to the district at large because of the heavy rainfall and the Western ghats feeding the river Cauvery . The average rainfall is 37 inches ( 940 mm ) , most of which is contributed by the North @-@ East monsoon .
= = Tourism and culture = =
Thanjavur is an important pilgrim centre and a major tourist destination of Tamil Nadu . South Zone Culture Centre in Thanjavur is one of the regional cultural centres established by the Government of India to preserve and promote cultural heritage of India . There were 2 @,@ 002 @,@ 225 Indian and 81 @,@ 435 foreign tourist arrivals in 2009 to Thanjavur . The most visited monument in Thanjavur is the Brihadeeswarar Temple , whose construction , the historian Percy Brown described as " a landmark in the evolution of building art in South India " . Built in the 11th century by the Chola king Raja Raja Chola I ( 985 – 1014 ) , the temple is dedicated to the Hindu god Shiva . The walls of the sanctum are covered with wall paintings from the Chola and Nayak periods . The temple was designated an UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1987 . It is replicated in the Gangaikonda <unk> Temple constructed by Raja Raja 's son Rajendra Chola I ( 1012 – 44 ) .
The Thanjavur Maratha palace was the official residence of the Bhonsle family who ruled over the Thanjavur region from 1674 to 1855 . It was originally constructed by the rulers of Thanjavur Nayak kingdom and after their fall , it served as the official residence of the Thanjavur Marathas . When most of the Thanjavur Maratha kingdom was annexed by the British Empire in 1799 , the Thanjavur Marathas continued to hold sway over the palace and the surrounding fort . The southern side of the third quadrangle of the palace has 190 ft ( 58 m ) tower like building , called the <unk> .
The Saraswathi Mahal Library , established around 1700 and located in the premises of the palace , contains over 30 @,@ 000 Indian and European manuscripts written on palm leaf and paper . Over eighty per cent of its manuscripts are in Sanskrit and many of them are on palm leaves . The Tamil works include treatise on medicine , and commentaries on Sangam literature . The Rajaraja Chola art gallery is located inside the palace – it has a large collection of stone and bronze images from the ninth to 12th centuries . Most of the idols present in the gallery were collected from various temples in the Thanjavur district . The <unk> Park is situated to the east of the Brihadeeswarar Temple and encompasses the <unk> Tank believed to have been built by the king Raja Raja Chola . It was created as a people 's park by the Tanjore municipality in 1871 – 72 . It has a collection of plants , animals and birds and serves as a zoo for children within the city .
Schwartz Church , a historic monument located in the palace garden , was built in 1779 by Serfoji II as a token of affection for Rev. C.V. Schwartz of the Danish Mission . There are five museums in the city namely Archeological Museum , Tamil University Museum located with the Tamil University premises , the Saraswathi Mahal Library Museum located inside the Saraswathi Mahal , Nayak Durbar Hall Art Museum and Rajaraja Chola Museum . Raja Rajan <unk> is one of the tourist attractions in Thanjavur , built during the Thanjavur Tamil Conference in 1991 . " Sangeetha Mahal " has a permanent handicrafts exhibition centre . Thanjavur is the cradle for many of the arts and crafts in South India . Carnatic music was codified in Thanjavur and the art flourished during the Nayak rule in the 16th century . <unk> , a classical dance form of South India , had its major styles developed in Thanjavur .
<unk> <unk> is the annual birthday festival of Raja Raja Chola held during October every year . Thanjavur is the base for the Tyagaraja Aradhana , a Carnatic music festival held annually during January – February at <unk> , located 13 km ( 8 @.@ 1 mi ) away from the city . Thanjavur painting is a major form of classical South Indian painting from Thanjavur . It dates back to about 1600s , the period of Nayakas of Thanjavur , who encouraged art , classical dance , music literature , both in Telugu and Tamil . The art is usually a combination of raised and painted surfaces , with the Hindu god Krishna being the most popular image depicted . In modern times , these paintings have become souvenirs of festive occasions in South India , wall decors , and collectors ' items for art lovers .
= = Economy = =
The major occupation of the inhabitants of the city is tourism and service @-@ oriented industry , while the traditional occupation is agriculture .
Thanjavur is known as the " Rice bowl of Tamil Nadu " . Paddy is the crops and the other crops grown are <unk> , banana , coconut , <unk> , ragi , red gram , green gram , sugarcane and maize . The total percentage of land fit for cultivation is 58 % . There are three seasons for agriculture in Thanjavur – <unk> ( June to September ) , Samba ( August to January ) and <unk> ( September , October to February , March ) . The total rice production has been maintained at 10 @.@ 615 <unk> and 7 @.@ 077 <unk> The city acts as a focal point for food grains transported from the adjoining areas of the Cauvery Delta . Organic farming is gradually being known to the farmers of Thanjavur . To maximise agricultural produce organic farming is being implemented . Though agriculture is the main economic activity , only 7 % of the population is involved in it . There is a lot of agricultural related trading that forms the key economic activity in the city .
Thanjavur is an important centre of silk weaving in Tamil Nadu . There were 200 silk weaving units in the city in 1991 with around 80 @,@ 000 people working in them . The sarees produced in the villages surrounding Thanjavur are sold in Thanjavur and neighbouring towns . Increasing production costs and competition from large @-@ scale producers have reduced the number of people involved in the production . The city produces bell metal craft like Thanjavur metal plates , bronze images bowls , napkins and powder boxes made of copper and bronze . The city is a major manufacturer of pith works consisting of models of Hindu idols , mosques , garlands and other bird figurines . Manufacture of musical instruments like veena , tambura , violin , <unk> , thavil and <unk> is another economic activity in the city .
All major nationalised banks such as State Bank of India , Indian Bank , Central Bank of India , Punjab National Bank , Indian Overseas Bank and private banks like ICICI Bank , City Union Bank have their branches in Thanjavur . All these banks have their automated teller machines located in various parts of the city .
= = Demographics = =
According to 2011 census , Thanjavur had a population of 222 @,@ 943 with a sex @-@ ratio of 1 @,@ 042 females for every 1 @,@ 000 males , much above the national average of 929 . A total of 19 @,@ 860 were under the age of six , constituting 10 @,@ 237 males and 9 @,@ 623 females . Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounted for 9 @.@ 22 % and <unk> % of the population respectively . The average literacy of the city was 83 @.@ 14 % , compared to the national average of 72 @.@ 99 % . There were a total of 78 @,@ 005 workers , comprising 803 cultivators , 2 @,@ 331 main agricultural labourers , 2 @,@ 746 in house hold industries , 65 @,@ 211 other workers , 6 @,@ 914 marginal workers , 110 marginal cultivators , 235 marginal agricultural labourers , 322 marginal workers in household industries and 6 @,@ 247 other marginal workers . As per the religious census of 2011 , Thanjavur ( M ) had 82 @.@ 87 % Hindus , 8 @.@ 34 % Muslims , 8 @.@ 58 % Christians , 0 @.@ 01 % Sikhs , 0 @.@ 01 % Buddhists , 0 @.@ 06 % Jains , 0 @.@ 11 % following other religions and 0 @.@ 01 % following no religion or did not indicate any religious preference .
As of 2008 , a total 2 @,@ 013 @.@ 34 ha ( 4 @,@ 975 @.@ 1 acres ) ( 55 @.@ 4 % ) of the land was used for residential , 11 @.@ 32 ha ( 28 @.@ 0 acres ) ( 3 @.@ 06 % ) for commercial , 82 @.@ 68 ha ( 204 @.@ 3 acres ) ( 2 @.@ 28 % ) for industrial , 320 @.@ 2 ha ( 791 acres ) ( 8 @.@ 81 % ) for public & semi public , 108 @.@ 11 ha ( 267 @.@ 1 acres ) ( 2 @.@ 98 % ) for educational and 996 @.@ 85 ha ( 2 @,@ 463 @.@ 3 acres ) ( 27 @.@ 47 % ) for agriculture . Tamil is the widely spoken language , with the standard dialect being Central Tamil dialect . Telugu , Thanjavur Marathi and Saurashtra are other languages spoken in the city . Thanjavur is the cultural and political center of the Thanjavur Marathi people . While Hindus form the majority , the city also has a substantial population of Muslims and Christians . Roman Catholics in Thanjavur are affiliated to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Tanjore and Protestants are affiliated to the Trichy – Tanjore Diocese of the Church of South India . The workforce is predominantly involved in service industry involving trade and commerce . With the expansion of the city area , the opportunities for agriculture is limited and only 7 % of population is involved in it .
= = Transport = =
The National Highways 67 , <unk> , 226 and 226 <unk> pass through Thanjavur . The city is connected with Chennai , Coimbatore , Erode , Karur , Tirupur , Vellore , Perambalur , Ariyalur , Mysuru , Salem , Cuddalore , Viluppuram , Tiruchirappalli , Madurai , Kumbakonam , Mayiladuthurai , Karaikal , Mannargudi , Pattukkottai , Dindigul , Pudukkottai , Karaikudi , Tirunelveli , Bengaluru , Ernakulam , Nagercoil , Tirupathi , Trivandrum and Ooty through regular bus services . Thanjavur had a single bus terminus located at the heart of the city . An integrated bus terminus , called New Bus stand was constructed in 1997 near Raja Serfoji College to handle the passenger traffic . Thanjavur has a well @-@ maintained sub @-@ urban public transport system . Government and private buses operate frequently between the two bus termini and other towns and villages like Vallam , <unk> , Mohamed Bunder , <unk> , <unk> , Vallam <unk> , <unk> , <unk> North and <unk> .
The railway line connecting Tiruchirappalli Junction railway station to Chennai Egmore via Thanjavur , the Main Line is a historical line established by South Indian Railway Company in 1879 . The Great South Indian Railway Company ( GSIR ) operated a broad gauge rail service between Nagapattinam and Tiruchirapalli via Thanjavur between 1861 and 1875 . During 1875 it was converted to a meter gauge line ( MG line ) . Modern day Thanjavur railway junction has three rail heads leading to Tiruchirapalli , Kumbakonam and Thiruvarur . Thanjavur is connected by rail with most important cities and towns in India . There are daily express trains to Chennai , Mysore , Ernakulam , Thrissur , Palakkad , Coimbatore , Erode , Tiruppur , Tiruchirapalli , Salem , Karur , Madurai , Tirunelveli , Rameswaram , Tiruchendur , Cuddalore , Dharmapuri , Viluppuram , Chengalpattu , Mannargudi , Bengaluru , Dindigul , Karaikudi , Manamadurai and weekly trains to Tirupati , Nellore , <unk> , Visakhapatnam , Hubli , Vasco da Gama , Goa , Vijayawada , Nagpur , Jabalpur , <unk> , <unk> , Allahabad , Varanasi and Bhubaneswar . There are frequent passenger trains from the city to towns like Thiruvarur , Nagapattinam , Karaikal , Tiruchirapalli , Kumbakonam , Mayiladuthurai and Nagore .
In the early 1990s , Thanjavur was connected with Chennai via the <unk> flight service , which was stopped due to poor patronage . A full @-@ fledged air force station is operational at Thanjavur . Thanjavur Air Force Station was to become a major air base by 2012 , to handle Fighter , Transport aircraft and also refuelling aircraft . However , the establishment and activation of air base has been delayed as of March 2013 . The IAF will base a squadron of its Sukhoi Su @-@ 30 <unk> Fighter aircraft at Thanjavur , making it the first fighter squadron in Tamil Nadu . The nearest airport is Tiruchirapalli International Airport . The nearest Seaport is located at Nagapattinam .
= = Administration and politics = =
The municipality of Tanjore was created in 1866 as a third grade municipality as per Town Improvements Act 1865 and initially consisted of 12 members . The number was increased to 18 in 1879 and 24 in 1883 . In 1897 , the members were empowered to elect a Municipal Chairperson to lead them . Tanjore was upgraded to a second grade municipality in 1933 and first grade in 1943 . Since 1983 , Thanjavur has been a special grade municipality. a As of 2008 , the municipality covers an area of 36 @.@ 33 km2 ( 14 @.@ 03 sq mi ) and has a total of 51 members . The functions of the municipality are devolved into six departments : General , Engineering , Revenue , Public Health , Town planning and the Computer Wing . All these departments are under the control of a Municipal Commissioner who is the supreme executive head . The legislative powers are vested in a body of 62 members , one each from the 62 wards . The legislative body is headed by an elected Chairperson assisted by a Deputy Chairperson .
On 10 April 2013 , the state government announced in the Assembly that Thanjavur municipality will be upgraded to a Municipal corporation . Thanjavur City Corporation is likely to have an area of 110 @.@ 27 km2 ( 42 @.@ 58 sq mi ) of area , with a population of 3 @,@ 20 @,@ 828 and an income of β‚Ή 411 @.@ 8 million ( US $ 6 @.@ 1 million ) . The villages <unk> , <unk> , <unk> , <unk> , <unk> , Ramanathapuram , <unk> , Vilar and <unk> are likely to be added to the municipal corporation limits . Thanjavur became City Corporation on February 19 , 2014 .
Thanjavur comes under the Thanjavur State Assembly Constituency and it elects a member to the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly once every five years . From the 1977 elections , the assembly seat was won by Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam ( DMK ) six times during the 1977 , 1980 , 1989 , 1996 , 2001 and 2006 elections , the Indian National Congress party once during the 1984 elections and the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam ( AIADMK ) twice during the 1991 and 2011 elections . The current MLA of the constituency is M. <unk> from AIADMK . M. Karunanidhi , who served as the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu for a record five terms , was elected from the Thanjavur assembly constituency in the 1962 elections .
Thanjavur is also a part of the Thanjavur Lok Sabha constituency and elects a member to the Lok Sabha , the lower house of the Parliament of India , once every five years . The Lok Sabha seat has been held by the Indian National Congress for Seven terms during 1951 – 56 , 1957 – 62 , 1962 – 1967 , 1980 – 84 , 1984 – 1989 , 1989 – 91 and 1991 – 96 , Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam for Seven terms during 1967 – 71 , 1971 – 77 , 1996 – 98 , 1998 – 99 , 1999 @-@ 04 , 2004 – 09 and 2009 – present and All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam for one term during 1977 – 80 . R. Venkataraman , who served as the President of India from 1987 to 1992 , was elected from the Thanjavur Lok Sabha constituency in the 1951 elections .
Law and order in the city is maintained by the Thanjavur sub division of the Tamil Nadu Police , headed by a Deputy Superintendent ( DSP ) . The Thanjavur district level police administration is headed by a Deputy Inspector General of Police , whose office is located in the city . There are six police stations in the city , one of them being an all @-@ women police station . There are special units like prohibition enforcement , district crime , social justice and human rights , district crime records and special branch that operate at the district level police division headed by a Superintendent of Police ( SP ) .
= = Education = =
Thanjavur has a total of four Universities , namely the Tamil University , SASTRA University , <unk> University and Periyar Maniammai University . The Tamil University is a state run institute , started during 1981 and obtained its statutory recognition from the University Grants Commission in 1983 . It is the only one of its kind for the Tamil language doing higher research in <unk> and advanced study in various allied branches like linguistics , translation , <unk> , music , drama and <unk> .
Thanjavur has a total of 15 arts , science & management colleges and nine engineering colleges . The Thanjavur Medical College was established in 1961 and is one of the oldest medical colleges in Tamil Nadu . The Paddy Processing Research Centre ( <unk> ) , which later became the Indian Institute of Crop Processing Technology ( <unk> ) in 2008 , is a hub for food processing research . The Saraswati Mahal Library which dates back to the end of the 16th century and the Central Library , managed by the district administration are the two most prominent libraries in the city .
There are 20 registered schools in Thanjavur , catering to the primary , secondary and higher secondary educational needs of the city . <unk> 's Higher Secondary School at Thanjavur was established by Rev. C F Schwartz during 1784 . Originally established as a college , it was the first school in South India which taught English to the local populace . <unk> 's Higher Secondary School , established in 1885 by the Diocese of Thanjavur , is one of the oldest schools in Thanjavur district . Christian Missionaries played a prominent role in promoting English education in Thanjavur . Kalyanasundaram Higher Secondary School , established in 1891 , is one of the oldest schools in the city .
= = Utility services = =
Electricity supply to Thanjavur is regulated and distributed by the Tamil Nadu Electricity Board ( TNEB ) . The city along with its suburbs is a part of Trichy Electricity Distribution Circle . Water supply is provided by the Thanjavur Corporation from the Vadavar Canal , supplied through overhead tanks located in various parts of the city . During the 2000 – 01 period , a total of 31 million litres of water was supplied everyday for households in the city .
About 110 metric tonnes of solid waste are collected from Thanjavur every day by door @-@ to @-@ door collection and subsequently the source segregation and dumping is carried out by the sanitary department of the Thanjavur Corporation . The coverage of solid waste management had an efficiency of 100 % as of 2001 . The underground drainage system covers 70 % of the city and the remaining sewerage system for disposal of sullage is through septic tanks , open drains and public conveniences . The Corporation maintains a total of 155 km ( 96 mi ) of storm water drains : 53 @.@ 27 km ( 33 @.@ 10 mi ) surfaced drains and 101 @.@ 73 km ( 63 @.@ 21 mi ) unlined drains .
There are 37 hospitals and seven clinical labs in Thanjavur that take care of the health care needs of the citizens . There are a total of 9 @,@ 745 street lamps : 492 sodium lamps , 2 @,@ 061 mercury vapour lamps , 7 @,@ 180 tube lights and twelve high mast beam lamps . The Corporation operates three markets , namely the Serfoji Market , <unk> Swaminathan Market and Kamaraj Market and another market , the <unk> Swami Koil Market , is maintained by the Subramania Swami Temple authority . Thanjavur comes under the Thanjavur Telecom circle of the Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited ( BSNL ) , India 's state @-@ owned telecom and internet services provider . Apart from telecom , BSNL also provides broadband internet service . The Regional Passport office Trichy operates a Passport Seva Kendra ( PSK ) in Thanjavur . Thanjavur PSK covers the Nagappattinam , Thiruvarur , Thanjavur , Pudukkottai , and Ariyalur revenue districts .
= Order of St Patrick =
The Most Illustrious Order of Saint Patrick is a dormant British order of chivalry associated with Ireland . The Order was created in 1783 by George III at the request of the then Lord @-@ Lieutenant , Lord Buckingham . The regular creation of knights of Saint Patrick lasted until 1922 , when most of Ireland became independent as the Irish Free State . While the Order technically still exists , no knight of St Patrick has been created since 1936 , and the last surviving knight , Prince Henry , Duke of Gloucester , died in 1974 . The Queen , however , remains the Sovereign of the Order , and one officer , the Ulster King of Arms ( now combined with Norroy King of Arms ) , also survives . St Patrick is patron of the order ; its motto is Quis <unk> ? , Latin for " Who will separate [ us ] ? " : an allusion to the Vulgate translation of Romans 8 : 35 , " Who shall separate us from the love of Christ ? "
Most British orders of chivalry cover the entire kingdom , but the three most exalted ones each pertain to one constituent nation only . The Order of St Patrick , which pertains to Ireland , is the most junior of these three in precedence and age . Its equivalent in England , The Most Noble Order of the Garter , is the oldest order of chivalry in the United Kingdom , dating to the middle fourteenth century . The Scottish equivalent is The Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle , dating in its modern form to 1687 .