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= = Transport = =
The town 's location — sea to the north and Exmoor to the south — means that transport links are limited . Minehead is located on the A39 road .
Local bus services are operated by Webberbus ( seven routes ) , First Somerset & Avon ( three routes ) , and Quantock Motor Services ( two routes ) .
Minehead railway station is close to the beach . The Minehead Railway was opened on 16 July 1874 , linking the town to Taunton and beyond . It was operated by the Bristol and Exeter Railway which was amalgamated into the Great Western Railway in 1876 . The Minehead Railway was itself absorbed into the GWR in 1897 , which in turn was nationalised into British Railways in 1948 . It was closed on 4 January 1971 but has since been reopened as the West Somerset Railway , which is notable for being the longest heritage railway in Britain .
= = Education = =
In Minehead , there are two first schools , one middle school and an upper school , West Somerset Community College , which provides education for 1298 students between the ages of 13 and 18 . In 2006 there was debate about changing West Somerset 's 3 @-@ tier school system to a 2 @-@ tier system to match the rest of Somerset and the majority of education authorities in the UK .
= = Religious sites = =
The Anglican parish church of St. Michael dates from the 15th century and has been designated by English Heritage as a Grade II * listed building ; its tower used to display a beacon light for ships approaching the harbour . After being caught in a violent storm at sea , Robert Quirke dedicated a ship and its cargo to God 's service , as well as donating a cellar near the quay for prayers to be offered for those at sea . Dating from 1628 and known as the Gibraltar Celler [ sic ] , it is now the Chapel of St Peter . Quirke also donated money from the sale of the ship and its cargo to build almshouses .
St Michael 's parish church contains a number of historical highlights , including an impressive late medieval rood screen and rood stair , and an attractive stained glass window designed by Sir Henry Holiday . The view from the churchyard of the surrounding hills and coastline is breathtaking .
The Church of St Michael the Archangel in Alcombe was built in 1903 as a chapel of ease for the Dunster parish , but in 1953 it became the Parish Church of Alcombe in its own right . St. Andrew 's Church , on Wellington Square in the town , was built of red sandstone in 1877 – 1880 , by George Edmund Street .
Butlins Minehead is the only Butlins resort still to have a small on @-@ site chapel , and over the Easter period the entire resort plays host to an annual Spring Harvest , the largest Christian festival in the UK . The Catholic parish of Minehead covers an area of 200 square miles ( 520 km2 ) and is served by the Sacred Heart Parish Church , built in 1896 , as well as a mass centre in the nearby village of Watchet . There are also religious sites serving the needs of the Baptist , Evangelical , Methodist and United Reformed communities and the Plymouth Brethren .
= = Local economy = =
Minehead has one of the UK 's three remaining Butlins holiday camps , and tourism has been a part of Minehead 's economy since Victorian times . At the height of the season in late July and early August , the town 's population is significantly increased by an influx of tourists .
There is a Farmers ' Market in the Parade every Friday from 8 @.@ 30 am to 2 pm , with a wide range of reasonably priced local produce .
= = Culture = =
The town hosts the annual Minehead and Exmoor Festival , a week @-@ long classical music festival that has been running since 1963 . Richard Dickins has held the post of artistic director for the festival since 1982 .
The wooded bluffs above Minehead feature as the Hermit 's abode " in that wood which slopes down to the sea " , in The Rime of the Ancient Mariner by Romantic poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge . The poet lived nearby , at Nether Stowey ( between Bridgwater and Minehead ) . His statue can be seen at the nearby harbour at Watchet . He and Wordsworth ( who lived nearby at Alfoxton House ) would often roam the hills and coast on long night walks ; leading to local gossip that they were ' spies ' for the French . The Government sent an agent to investigate , but found they were , indeed , " mere poets " . Cecil Frances Alexander wrote the popular Anglican hymn All Things Bright And Beautiful in Minehead and in nearby Dunster the verse :
" The purple headed mountain , The river running by , The sunset and the morning , That brightens up the sky ; − " Refers to Grabbist hill and the River Avill that runs near it through the popular tourist location Snowdrop Valley on Exmoor
Minehead was the subject of a parody skit as the fictional target of a takeover in Monty Python 's infamous " Mr. <unk> " sketch , where barely concealed caricatures of Hitler , von Ribbentrop and Heinrich Himmler conspire at a local rooming house . There , the " National <unk> " party wish to unite Minehead and Taunton in a manner similar to the Anschluss between Germany and Austria in 1938 .
= = = May Day Hobby Horse = = =
One popular ancient local tradition involves the Hobby Horse , or Obby Oss , which takes to the streets on the eve of the first of May each year , with accompanying musicians and rival horses , for four days . In fact there are three rival hobby horses , the Original Sailor 's Horse , the Traditional Sailor 's Horse and the Town Horse . They appear on May Eve ( called " Show Night " ) , on May Day morning ( when they salute the sunrise at a crossroads on the outskirts of town ) , 2 and 3 May ( when a ceremony called " The Bootie " takes place in the evening called " Bootie Night " at part of town called Cher ) . Each horse is made of a boat @-@ shaped wooden frame , pointed and built up at each end , which is carried on the dancer 's shoulders . As at Padstow , his face is hidden by a mask attached to a tall , pointed hat . The top surface of the horse is covered with ribbons and strips of fabric . A long fabric skirt , painted with rows of multicoloured roundels , hangs down to the ground all round . A long tail is attached to the back of the frame . Each horse is accompanied by a small group of musicians and attendants . The Town Horse is accompanied by " Gullivers " , dressed similarly to the horse but without the large frame ; as at Padstow , smaller , children 's horses have sometimes been constructed . The horses ' visits are ( or were ) believed to bring good luck . In the past there was also a similar hobby horse based at the nearby village of Dunster , which would sometimes visit Minehead . The first of May has been a festival day in Minehead since 1465 .
= = Sport and recreation = =
Minehead Barbarians , the town 's rugby club , have been playing together since the 1930s , but the main local football club , Minehead F.C. , is even older , founded in 1889 . In September 2007 , the <unk> European Outdoor Tug of war Championships was held at the football club 's stadium . Minehead Cricket Club , based at the West Somerset Community College in Alcombe , field four men 's teams and one women 's <unk> there are plans for a swimming pool to be built in the grounds of the West Somerset Community College . There is a bowls club on Irnham Road .
Minehead has on several occasions played host to the Britain 's Strongest Man contest , most recently in 2004 , and since 2006 the Butlins Resort has been one of the venues for the World Wrestling Entertainment 's UK winter tour . In 2010 stage four of the Tour of Britain cycling race started in Minehead .
In April 2010 <unk> started to broadcast music , travel news , events guide and general to and for the Minehead community .
The 2011 European Outdoor Tug of War Championships was held within the grounds at Butlin 's Minehead from 22 to 25 September .
Since December 2012 Minehead has hosted the PDC Players Championship Finals .
Minehead also hosts many motorsport events including the Somerset Stages Rally which has been hosted in the area for years . There is also the <unk> Quad and Motocross Event held in Bratton Woods .
= = Notable residents = =
Richard Chorley ( 1927 – 2002 ) , noted physical geographer , was born and raised in Minehead .
Arthur C. Clarke ( 1917 – 2008 ) , science fiction writer , was born in Minehead .
Peter Hurford ( born 1930 ) , organist and composer , was born in Minehead .
Stephen Mulhern ( born 1977 ) , television presenter , was born in Minehead .
Adam O 'Brian ( born 1989 ) , actor in The Imposter ( 2012 film ) , was raised in Minehead .
Sir Nick Partridge OBE , Chief Executive of The Terrence Higgins Trust , and a key campaigner on HIV and AIDS , lived in the town in the 1970s when his family moved there to run a hotel .
Tim Kevan writer , blogger and barrister , author of the Baby <unk> series of books , was raised in Minehead
Danielle Waterman ( born 1984 ) , Member of the England women 's national rugby union team and member of the 2014 Women 's Rugby World Cup winning team , was raised in Minehead
= Æthelnoth ( archbishop of Canterbury ) =
Æthelnoth ( also <unk> , <unk> , or <unk> ; died 1038 ) was a medieval Archbishop of Canterbury . Descended from an earlier English king , Æthelnoth became a monk prior to becoming archbishop . While archbishop , he travelled to Rome and brought back saint 's relics . He consecrated a number of other bishops who came from outside his archdiocese , leading to some friction with other archbishops . Although he was regarded as a saint after his death , there is little evidence of his veneration or of a cult in Canterbury or elsewhere .
= = Early life = =
Æthelnoth was a son of the Æthelmær the Stout and a grandson of Æthelweard the Historian , who was a great @-@ great @-@ grandson of Æthelred I. In the view of the historian Frank Barlow , Æthelnoth was probably the uncle of Godwin of Wessex . He was baptised by Dunstan , and a story was told at Glastonbury Abbey that as the infant was baptised , his hand made a motion much like that an archbishop makes when blessing . From this motion , Dunstan is said to have prophesied that Æthelnoth would become an archbishop .
Æthelnoth became a monk at Glastonbury , then was made dean of the monastery of Christ Church Priory , at Canterbury , the cathedral chapter for the diocese of Canterbury . He was also a chaplain to King Cnut of England and Denmark as well as Dean of Canterbury when on 13 November 1020 Æthelnoth was consecrated as Archbishop of Canterbury . Æthelnoth 's elevation probably was a gesture of appeasement , as Æthelnoth 's brother Æthelweard had been executed in 1017 by Cnut , who also banished a brother @-@ in @-@ law named Æthelweard in 1020 . A later story stated that Cnut favoured Æthelnoth because Æthelnoth had bestowed chrism on the king . This may be a garbled account of Æthelnoth 's participation in Cnut 's confirmation as a Christian in 1016 or his coronation in 1017 . There are some indications that he was a student of Ælfric of Eynsham , the homilist .
= = Archbishop of Canterbury = =
In 1022 Æthelnoth went to Rome to obtain the pallium , and was received by Pope Benedict VIII . On his return trip , he bought a relic of St Augustine of Hippo for 100 silver talents and one gold talent . He gave the relic to Coventry Abbey . He also presided over the translation of the relics of Ælfheah , his predecessor at Canterbury who was regarded as a martyr and saint . In 1022 Æthelnoth consecrated Gerbrand as bishop for the Diocese of Roskilde , which was in Scandinavia . The archbishop of Hamburg @-@ Bremen was the metropolitan of Roskilde , and the fact that Gerbrand was consecrated by an English archbishop later caused friction between the bishop and his metropolitan . Cnut was forced to concede that in the future he would not appoint bishops in Bremen 's archdiocese without the metropolitan 's advice . A later tradition held that Æthelnoth consecrated two Welsh bishops , one at Llandaff and one at St. David 's .
The medieval chronicler William of Malmesbury praised Æthelnoth 's wisdom . A story of doubtful authenticity tells how he refused to crown King Harold Harefoot , as he had promised Cnut to crown none but a son of the king by his wife , Emma .
= = Death and legacy = =
Æthelnoth died in 1038 , on either 28 October , 29 October , 30 October , or 1 November . Prior to his death , some of his episcopal functions were performed by a royal priest , Eadsige . He was buried in Canterbury Cathedral . He is considered a saint , with a feast day of 30 October . While he is listed in Jean <unk> 's Lives of the Benedictine Saints and in the Acta Sanctorum , there is no contemporary or later evidence of a cult being paid to him at Canterbury or elsewhere .
= John Hirst ( historian ) =
John Bradley Hirst <unk> ( 9 July 1942 – 3 February 2016 ) was an Australian historian and commentator . He has been described as an " historian , public intellectual , and active citizen " . Born in Adelaide , Hirst attended Unley High School and undertook his undergraduate and postgraduate study at the University of Adelaide . Abandoning an early desire to become a Methodist Minister , in 1968 he was appointed a lecturer at Melbourne 's new La Trobe University , where he remained until the end of his career . His wife and fellow @-@ student Christine accompanied him to Melbourne . They had two children , Catherine and David . Hirst was subsequently head of department and Reader in History at La Trobe . He retired in 2006 , and was an Emeritus Scholar at La Trobe until his death . Hirst had a distinguished career " in teaching , supervision and research . He developed new subjects and methodologies to teach them . In addition to those concerning Australian history there was his pioneering subject designed to inform students about Australia 's European cultural heritage . " This work was published as The Shortest History of Europe and has been translated into nine languages ( Swedish , Greek , Chinese , Spanish , German , Portuguese , Russian , Turkish and Korean ) . Hirst was seconded to the University of Melbourne to edit Historical Studies , Australia 's leading historical journal , from 1977 to 1980 . In retirement , he travelled regularly to Sydney to instruct , without remuneration , groups of post @-@ graduate students in thesis writing .
= = Academic contribution = =
Hirst produced a large number of important articles , chapters and books on Australian history . His academic interests were wide @-@ ranging , including social , cultural and political history . Hirst 's goal was to elucidate the qualities and characteristics of Australian society and how they had developed . Jeremy Sammut has described him as " an elegant and outstanding stylist , as adept at clarifying complex issues by reducing them to their essentials as he was at crafting the pithy line that eliminated all doubt his interpretation was true and correct " . In his historical work , Hirst 's colleague at La Trobe University , Alan Frost , has noted that Hirst " challenged orthodoxies and produced many new insights " . He wrote two seminal books on colonial New South Wales which Frank <unk> has described as displaying " a raw intellectual power " : Convict Society and its Enemies ( 1983 ) and The Strange Birth of Colonial Democracy ( 1988 ) ( both reprinted as Freedom on the Fatal Shore in 2008 ) . Convict Society and its Enemies was particularly influential , arguing that rather than being a brutal slave society , early New South Wales was a place where rights and freedoms were well @-@ established from the beginning . Hirst 's study of Federation , The Sentimental Nation , was also a ground @-@ breaking work , arguing that national sentiment was more important than economics in uniting the nation . Alan Frost has described Hirst 's shorter analyses as notable : " Distance in Australia : Was It a Tyrant ? " ( 1975 ) , his response to Geoffrey Blainey 's most famous concept , " deserves much more attention than it now receives " ; his " Egalitarianism " ( 1986 ) challenges " received wisdom about colonial life " . Many of his best shorter pieces were collected in Sense and Nonsense in Australian History ( 2009 ) . A major achievement of Hirst 's was a project to index the Melbourne Argus newspaper ( 1860 – 1909 ) .
= = Public intellectual = =
Frank <unk> described Hirst as a " creative historian capable of engaging a wide audience , as well as a public intellectual who delighted , infuriated and provoked " . He contributed many influential opinion pieces and commentaries to leading Australian newspapers and journals . Jeremy Sammut has noted that Hirst was motivated by an independent mind and a distaste for unthinking conformity . He " defied simplistic categorisation as a partisan because his politics were idiosyncratic " . Hirst described himself as an old @-@ fashioned social democrat . To read Hirst is not to encounter a reactionary but " to be delighted as he marshals facts , logic and evidence with <unk> skill and precision to establish the heterodox case , while conveying powerful insights into whatever historical experience or process is discussed " . A common theme in the obituaries cited is that Hirst was fearlessly honest , whatever the subject . As Sammut has noted , he was inspired by a commitment to " the rigorous pursuit of historical truth that drove him to explore the deeper patterns and meanings of the past , and the contemporary implications , that others had missed or misled us about " .
= = Public appointments = =
Never an ivory tower academic , Hirst held a number of influential appointments during the course of his career . He was a member of the Prime Minister 's Republic Advisory Committee , the chair of the Commonwealth Civics Education Group , a member of the Film Australia Board , a council member of the National Museum of Australia , and a member of the board of Old Parliament House in Canberra . He wrote the official history of Australia for new citizens and took a prominent part in the history summit convened by Prime Minister John Howard in 2006 . Hirst advised the Victorian Government on the school history curriculum and was history adviser to the National Curriculum Authority . He was elected to the Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia in 1986 . A committed republican , Hirst was the Convenor of the Republican Movement in Victoria .
Hirst died on 3 February 2016 at the age of 73 .
= Three Words ( The X @-@ Files ) =
" Three Words " is the sixteenth episode of the eighth season ( and the 177th episode overall ) of the science fiction television series The X @-@ Files and first aired in the United States and Canada on April 8 , 2001 , on Fox . It was written by executive producers Chris Carter and Frank Spotnitz , and directed by Tony Wharmby . The episode explores the series ' overarching mythology and earned a Nielsen rating of 7 @.@ 6 and was viewed by 7 @.@ 77 million households , receiving mixed to positive reviews from television critics .
The show centers on FBI special agents Fox Mulder ( David Duchovny ) , Dana Scully ( Gillian Anderson ) and John Doggett ( Robert Patrick ) who work on cases linked to the paranormal , called X @-@ Files . In this episode , Mulder secretly conducts his own investigation after a man is gunned down on the White House lawn attempting to inform the President of a planned alien invasion . However , he is soon in over his head as he tries to expose further evidence of colonization .
The episode was written as a way to signal Mulder 's exit from the FBI . The producers and writers felt that , if Mulder 's character was given a clean exit , the show could more easily focus on the characters of John Doggett and Monica Reyes in the following season . Former series star and recurring actor David Duchovny later declared that he had been happy to see his character depart in this manner .
= = Plot = =
Under the cover of darkness an unidentified man jumps over the fence to the White House and is intercepted by Secret Service personnel . As he struggles with them , he pulls a gun and accidentally shoots himself . Bleeding on the ground , the man hands over a computer disk , begging them to give it to the president . Three words are written on the disk : " <unk> THE FUTURE " .