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= = = Hurricane Humberto = = =
On September 12 , an area of thunderstorm activity in the Gulf of Mexico organized into Tropical Depression Nine , about 60 mi ( 97 km ) southeast of Matagorda , Texas . Within three hours of forming , it was named Tropical Storm Humberto , and it turned to the north @-@ northeast before rapidly intensifying . In the early morning hours of September 13 , a Hurricane Hunter aircraft found that Humberto had strengthened into a hurricane while located about 15 miles ( 20 km ) off the coast of Texas . Humberto quickly weakened and entered Southwest Louisiana as a tropical storm during the afternoon of September 13 , dissipating the next day .
Hurricane Humberto caused some structural damage on High Island and widespread tree and power line damage in the Beaumont @-@ Port Arthur area . Power outages caused four oil refineries to halt production in Beaumont . One person was reported dead as a result of the storm , a Bridge City man killed when his carport crashed on him outside his house . Damage was estimated at $ 50 million .
= = = Tropical Depression Ten = = =
A subtropical depression formed on September 21 in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico from the interaction of a tropical wave , the tail end of a cold front , and an upper @-@ level low . Initially containing a poorly defined circulation and intermittent thunderstorm activity , the system transitioned into a tropical depression after convection increased over the center . Tracking northwestward , the depression moved ashore near Fort Walton Beach early on September 22 , and shortly thereafter it dissipated over southeastern Alabama .
It was the first tropical cyclone to threaten the New Orleans area after the destructive 2005 hurricane season and Hurricane Katrina . Overall impact from the cyclone was minor and largely limited to light rainfall . However , the precursor system spawned a damaging tornado in Eustis , Florida , where 20 houses were destroyed and 30 more were damaged . Damage was estimated at $ 6 @.@ 2 million .
= = = Tropical Storm Jerry = = =
The origins of Jerry were from a non @-@ tropical low pressure area over the central Atlantic on September 21 . The system meandered for two days , gradually developing deeper convection and gaining organization . On September 23 , the National Hurricane Center declared it a subtropical depression , as a warm core had developed but the system was still involved with an upper @-@ level low , and its strongest winds were well removed from the center . Early on September 23 , both satellite estimates and QuikScat data determined that the depression had strengthened into Subtropical Storm Jerry , despite the lack of a well @-@ defined inner core .
The storm slowly acquired tropical characteristics including a better @-@ defined warm core , and Jerry became fully tropical that evening as a weak and sheared tropical storm with 40 mph ( 65 km / h ) winds over a small radius . It accelerated northeastward over cooler waters with sea surface temperatures below 75 ° F ( 24 ° C ) . On September 24 , it weakened to a tropical depression ahead of a powerful cold front with little deep convection remaining in the system . That evening , a QuikScat pass determined that Jerry opened up into a trough , which was being absorbed into the larger frontal system . It completely dissipated by early on September 25 . Jerry never approached land during its lifespan , and no damage or casualties were reported .
= = = Hurricane Karen = = =
A very large tropical wave accompanied by a large envelope of low pressure emerged from the coast of Africa on September 21 . As it moved westward , deep convection gradually increased over the disturbance as its broad low @-@ level circulation became better @-@ defined . By September 24 , as the system traveled northwestward it organized enough to become a tropical depression . Six hours later the depression was upgraded to Tropical Storm Karen .
Karen 's organization and intensity remained steady for the next day . Early on September 26 , however , the storm strengthened significantly . In post @-@ operational analysis the cyclone was determined to have reached hurricane @-@ strength for about twelve hours . The strengthening was short @-@ lived because a sharp upper @-@ level trough to the west of Karen increased the amount of vertical wind shear over the hurricane . By September 28 these unfavorable conditions had weakened Karen to a marginal tropical storm and left its low @-@ level circulation exposed . Meanwhile , the storm began heading northward and experiencing intermittent bursts of deep convection . However , the relentless wind shear exposed the system 's circulation until it dissipated in the mid @-@ Atlantic on September 29 . Karen 's remnants lingered near the Leeward Islands for the next few days , although the system never directly affected land . As a result , no reported damages or casualties were associated with Karen .
= = = Hurricane Lorenzo = = =
A tropical wave moved off the western coast of Africa on September 11 , traversed the Caribbean and crossed the Yucatán on September 21 . The disturbance developed a small surface low on September 24 while moving erratically over the southwestern Gulf of Mexico . Strong upper @-@ level winds initially prevented the system from developing convection ; however , the shear relaxed on the following day and convection increased . On the evening of September 25 , a Hurricane Hunter aircraft found evidence that the low qualified as a tropical depression . Under weak steering currents , the depression drifted south and southwest , executing a small cyclonic loop into the Bay of Campeche . Upper @-@ level winds gave way to an anticyclone above the depression , and the system became Tropical Storm Lorenzo on September 27 about 130 nautical miles ( 240 km ) east of Tuxpan . Rapid intensification brought Lorenzo to hurricane status early that evening , less than twelve hours after becoming a tropical storm . Lorenzo reached its peak intensity on September 28 , then weakened slightly before making landfall near Tecolutla , Mexico as a minimal hurricane . The small circulation weakened rapidly after landfall , and the system dissipated the next day .
Six deaths in Mexico were attributed to Lorenzo , mostly due to flash floods and mudslides . The states of Puebla and Veracruz reported damage from rain and high winds . Two hundred people were forced to evacuate in Hidalgo when the San Lorenzo River overflowed its banks . Lorenzo made landfall in virtually the same location that Hurricane Dean had struck a month earlier . Damage was estimated at $ 1 billion ( 2007 MXN ; $ 92 million 2007 USD , $ 105 million 2016 USD ) .
= = = Tropical Storm Melissa = = =
On September 26 , a tropical wave exited Africa and quickly developed a low pressure area . Following a convective increase and better @-@ defined outflow , it developed into Tropical Depression Fourteen about 115 miles ( 185 km ) west @-@ southwest of the southernmost Cape Verde Islands early on September 28 . Because the depression was isolated from the subtropical ridge , the depression drifted west @-@ northwestward . Westerly wind shear prevented significant development , but following an increase in convection , the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Melissa early on September 29 . Similar to previous storms Ingrid and Karen , high wind shear in the deep tropics hindered Melissa 's development , and its peak winds were only 40 mph ( 65 km / h ) ; operationally , satellite imagery suggested the storm reached 45 mph ( 72 km / h ) . By September 30 , the shear and cooler waters weakened Melissa to a tropical depression with a poorly defined surface center . The system lost its deep convection and by that afternoon , Melissa degenerated into a remnant low . It continued west @-@ northwestward , producing intermittent convection , until being absorbed by a front northeast of the Lesser Antilles on October 5 . There were no reports of damage or casualties .
= = = Tropical Depression Fifteen = = =
An area of disturbed weather extended from the northwestern Caribbean Sea to the western Atlantic Ocean on October 4 , possibly related to the remnants of Hurricane Karen . The system slowly organized , developing a surface low pressure on October 8 to the northeast of the Turks and Caicos Islands . Convection associated with the storm steadily increased as the low moved towards the northeast . By October 11 , the low organized into Tropical Depression Fifteen about 740 mi ( 1 @,@ 190 km ) east @-@ southeast of Bermuda , after the convection had persisted for about 12 hours . An upper @-@ level low to the west caused strong southwesterly wind shear , which inhibited development .
On October 12 , a building ridge caused the depression to slow at the same time as the convection began decreasing . The storm 's center became exposed as the deep convection became limited to a few small cells north of the center . By that afternoon , the depression degenerated into a remnant low . The remnant low persisted for the next several days while picking up speed and taking a gradual turn towards the northeast . The low transitioned into an extratropical cyclone on October 14 and intensified , moving through the Azores with gale force winds . It reached winds of 50 mph ( 85 km / h ) before being absorbed by a larger extratropical storm on October 18 .
= = = Hurricane Noel = = =
During the evening of October 27 a low pressure system that had been slowly developing over the eastern Caribbean organization into Tropical Depression Sixteen . The next day , it was upgraded to Tropical Storm Noel and made landfall on Haiti on October 29 . Noel meandered across the western Caribbean for the next three days ; the storm intensified into a hurricane on November 1 . Tracking northward , it began its transition into an extratropical cyclone on November 2 , becoming fully extratropical on November 4 while over Labrador . As a powerful extratropical cyclone , it crossed back into the Atlantic and began a track towards western Greenland .
Throughout the Caribbean , Hurricane Noel caused severe damage . Torrential rainfall and mudslides caused by the storm killed at least 87 people in the Dominican Republic and at least 73 in Haiti . Noel generated winds of 130 mph ( 210 km / h ) in the <unk> region of Newfoundland and Labrador .
= = = Tropical Storm Olga = = =
In the second week of December , after the official end of the hurricane season , a low developed east of the northernmost Lesser Antilles . It slowly acquired tropical characteristics , and late on December 10 , the National Hurricane Center declared it Subtropical Storm Olga while just north of Puerto Rico . It is the first post @-@ season storm since Tropical Storm Zeta in the 2005 season . Olga was only one of a few out of season tropical cyclones to make landfall . The storm made landfall on December 11 on the eastern tip of the Dominican Republic . Later that evening , Olga transitioned into a tropical storm just after making landfall . Olga tracked over Hispaniola and emerged in the Caribbean Sea . Strong wind shear and dry air caused Olga to weaken into a remnant low early on December 13 .
The storm impacted many areas affected by Tropical Storm Noel a month earlier . In Puerto Rico , moderate rainfall caused one death . According to the National Hurricane Center 's Tropical Cyclone Report on Olga , at least 22 occurred due to the release of floodgates at a dam in Santiago Province . Two deaths were also reported in Haiti , and one fatality was confirmed in Puerto Rico . Almost 12 @,@ 000 homes were damaged , of which 370 were completely destroyed .
= = Storm names = =
The names to the right were used for storms that formed in the Atlantic basin in 2007 . This is the same list used in the 2001 season except for Andrea , Ingrid , and Melissa , which replaced Allison , Iris , and Michelle , respectively and were first used in 2007 . Names that were not assigned are marked in gray .
= = = Retirement = = =
On May 13 , 2008 , at the 30th Session of the World Meteorological Organization 's Regional Association IV Hurricane Committee , the WMO retired the names Dean , Felix , and Noel from its rotating name lists . The names were replaced with Dorian , Fernand , and Nestor for the 2013 season .
= = Season effects = =
This is a table of the storms in the 2007 Atlantic hurricane season . It mentions all of the season 's storms and their names , landfall ( s ) , peak intensities , damages , and death totals . Deaths in parentheses are additional and indirect ( an example of such being a traffic accident or landslide ) , but are still related to that storm . The damage and death totals in this list include impacts when the storm was a precursor wave or post @-@ tropical low , and all of the damage figures are in 2007 USD .
= HMS Resolution ( 1892 ) =
HMS Resolution was a Royal Sovereign @-@ class pre @-@ dreadnought battleship of the Royal Navy . The ship was built by Palmers Shipbuilding and Iron Company , starting with her keel laying in June 1890 . She was launched in May 1892 and , after completing trials , was commissioned into the Channel Squadron the following December . She was armed with a main battery of four 13 @.@ 5 @-@ inch guns and a secondary battery of ten 6 @-@ inch guns . The ship had a top speed of 16 @.@ 5 knots .
Resolution served with the Channel Squadron up to 1901 ; she took part in the Diamond Jubilee Fleet Review and a number of manoeuvres in the Atlantic and the Southwest Approaches . She was recommissioned as a coast guard ship later in 1901 and underwent a refit in 1903 , after which she served at Sheerness as a port guard ship , before entering the Fleet Reserve at Chatham in June 1904 . She suffered damage while participating in combined manoeuvres in 1906 , and was recommissioned into the Special Service Division of the Home Fleet the following year . She was decommissioned in August 1911 and laid up at Motherbank for disposal , before being sold for scrap in April 1914 and towed to the Netherlands to be broken up the following month .
= = Design = =
The Royal Sovereign @-@ class battleships were based on Admiral @-@ class barbette ships , but contained several alterations . The freeboard was raised , the barbettes ' armour was extended and an upper belt and secondary armour were added . They could also obtain a higher speed , but were 4 @,@ 000 tonnes larger . Resolution was 410 feet ( 120 m ) long overall and had a beam of <unk> and a draft of <unk> 6in . She displaced up to 15 @,@ 580 tonnes at her full combat load . Her propulsion system consisted of two 3 @-@ cylinder triple expansion engines powered by eight coal @-@ fired cylindrical boilers . With natural draught , her engines provided a top speed of 15 @.@ 5 knots at 9 @,@ 000 indicated horsepower ; 16 @.@ 5 knots at 11 @,@ 000 indicated horsepower could be obtained with forced draught . She had a maximum complement of 712 officers and enlisted men , although her crew in 1903 amounted to 672 people . When built , ships of the Royal Sovereign class rolled too heavily under certain conditions . Bilge keels were added to compensate for the problem , and the ships " proved to be excellent seaboats quite capable ... of maintaining high speeds in a seaway " . The ships were well @-@ constructed and probably the most substantial built for the Royal Navy , even if they " suffered ... from excessive weight and fittings . " In the view of the maritime historian R. A. Burt , they were " highly successful ; at that time , they were probably unequalled in all @-@ round fighting efficiency . "
Resolution was armed with four breech @-@ loading 13 @.@ 5 @-@ inch guns on two barbettes with armour ranging from 11 to 17 inches in thickness . Resolution also carried ten quick @-@ fire ( QF ) 6 @-@ inch guns , four of which were mounted in casemates on the main deck , plus sixteen QF 6 @-@ pounder Hotchkiss guns and twelve QF 3 @-@ pounder Hotchkiss guns . She was also equipped with seven 18 @-@ inch torpedo tubes , two of which were submerged . Between 1899 and 1902 , the 3 @-@ pounder guns were removed from the upper tops ; the above @-@ water torpedo tubes were removed in 1902 – 05 . The remaining 6 @-@ inch guns on the upper deck were mounted on 5 @-@ inch armoured casemates between 1902 and 1904 . All of the armour was supplied by the builders , Palmers Shipbuilding and Iron Company . The waterline belt was <unk> long by <unk> <unk> deep , and its armour varied in thickness between 14 and 18 inches ; the bulkheads were protected by 14 to 16 inches of armour . The middle deck covering the belt was 3 inches thick and the lower deck forward and aft of the belt was 2 @.@ 5 inches thick , while the upper belt between the middle and main decks was coated in 3 to 4 inches of armour . The casemates for the 6 @-@ inch guns were protected by an equal thickness of armour and the conning tower was protected with 14 inch armour on the forward side , and 3 inches of armour on the aft . The ship 's armoured deck was 2 @.@ 5 to 3 inches thick .
= = Operational history = =
Resolution was built by Palmer Shipbuilding and Iron Company , at a cost of £ 875 @,@ 522 , plus £ 78 @,@ 295 for guns . She was laid down on 14 June 1890 , launched on 28 May 1892 and completed the following November . She underwent trials in December 1893 , and was commissioned at Portsmouth on 5 December of that year for service in the Channel Squadron . In early August 1894 , Resolution was a unit of " Fleet Red " in the annual manoeuvres held in the Southwest Approaches . She was recommissioned for further Channel Fleet service on 9 April 1895 . On 18 July 1896 , she collided with her sister ship HMS Repulse , suffering slight plating and keel damage . She nonetheless took part in annual manoeuvres from 24 July 1896 to 30 July 1896 , this time off the south @-@ west coasts of England and Ireland as part of " Fleet A " .
On 26 June 1897 , Resolution was part of the Fleet Review at Spithead for the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria . From 29 July 1899 to 4 August 1899 , she participated in annual manoeuvres in the Atlantic as part of " Fleet A " . The next summer , she again took part in the annual manoeuvres in the Southwest Approaches in late @-@ July and early August , this time as a part of " Fleet A2 " . She paid off at Portsmouth 9 October 1901 and was placed in reserve , but she was recommissioned to serve as a coast guard ship at Holyhead with the officers and crew of the previous guardship , Colossus . On 8 April 1903 , she paid off into reserve again to undergo a refit .
Resolution was recommissioned on 5 January 1904 to relieve battleship HMS Sans Pareil as port guard ship at Sheerness . On 20 June 1904 , she was transferred to the Fleet Reserve at Chatham . In the summer of 1906 , she took part in manoeuvres during which she suffered slight damage when she collided with her sister ship HMS Ramillies near the Tongue Lightship on 15 July 1906 . Later that year , she underwent another refit at Chatham . On 12 February 1907 , Resolution transferred to the Special Service Division of the Home Fleet at Devonport . She remained in that service until 8 August 1911 . She was then laid up at the Motherbank , awaiting disposal . On 2 April 1914 , Resolution was sold as scrap for £ 35 @,@ 650 to F. <unk> ; the following month , she was towed to the Netherlands to be broken up .
= = Gallery = =
= 2000 Atlantic hurricane season =
The 2000 Atlantic hurricane season was the first Atlantic hurricane season without a tropical cyclone in the month of July since 1993 . The hurricane season officially began on June 1 , and ended on November 30 . It was slightly above average due to a La Niña weather pattern . The first cyclone , Tropical Depression One , developed in the southern Gulf of Mexico on June 7 and dissipated after an uneventful duration . However , it would be almost two months before the first named storm , Alberto , formed near Cape Verde ; Alberto also dissipated with no effects on land . Several other tropical cyclones – Tropical Depression Two , Tropical Depression Four , Chris , Ernesto , Nadine , and an unnamed subtropical storm – did not impact land . Five additional storms – Tropical Depression Nine , Florence , Isaac , Joyce , and Leslie – minimally effected land areas .
The most significant storm of the season was Hurricane Keith , which caused extensive damage in Central America . After remaining nearly stationary offshore , Keith moved inland over the Yucatan Peninsula and later made a second landfall in Mexico at hurricane intensity . It caused $ 319 million ( 2000 USD ) in damage and 40 fatalities , mostly in Belize . The precursor to Tropical Storm Leslie brought severe flooding to South Florida , which losses reaching $ 950 million ( 2000 USD ) . Hurricane Gordon and Tropical Storm Helene both caused moderate damage in the Southeastern United States , mainly in Florida . Tropical Storm Beryl caused minor damage in Mexico and Hurricane Debby resulted in less than $ 1 million ( 2000 USD ) in damage in the Greater and Lesser Antilles . Hurricane Michael brought widespread effects to Atlantic Canada , though a specific damage toll is unknown .
= = Season summary = =
= = = Season outlooks = = =
Forecasts of hurricane activity are issued before each hurricane season by noted hurricane expert Dr. William M. Gray and his associates at Colorado State University ( CSU ) , and separately by forecasters with the U.S. Government 's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ) . According to CSU , the average season between 1950 and 2000 had 9 @.@ 6 tropical storms , 5 @.@ 9 hurricanes , and 2 @.@ 3 major hurricanes ( storms exceeding Category 3 on the Saffir @-@ Simpson Hurricane Scale ) . A normal season , as defined by NOAA , has 9 to 12 named storms , of which five to seven reach hurricane strength and one to three become major hurricanes .
Noted hurricane expert Dr. William M. Gray on April 7 predicted eleven named storms , with eight reaching hurricane strength and three of the eight reaching Category 3 strength . The prediction issued on June 7 was similar , increasing the named storms to twelve , eight hurricanes , and four major hurricanes . On May 10 , NOAA issued a season outlook , which gave the indication of an above @-@ average season . According to NOAA , the global scale atmospheric circulation pattern which was taking place was conducive to an above @-@ average hurricane season . However , La Niña was present it the Eastern Pacific , which was a factor in the activity in the season . NOAA issued a 75 % chance of above average activity .
After the season started on June 1 , CSU issued a mid @-@ season forecast on August 4 , which predicted 11 named storms , 7 hurricanes , and 3 major hurricanes . Six days after the CSU prediction , NOAA also released a mid @-@ season outlook , forecasting exactly the same amount of activity , 11 named storms , 7 hurricanes , and 3 major hurricanes . With a 75 % percent chance of above average activity , there was an elevated risk of landfalling hurricanes .
= = = Season activity = = =
The Atlantic hurricane season officially began on June 1 , 2000 . It was an above average season in which 19 tropical cyclones formed . Fifteen depressions attained tropical storm status , and eight of these attained hurricane status . Three hurricanes further intensified into major hurricanes . The season was above average most likely because of an ongoing La Niña in the Pacific Ocean . Three hurricanes and two tropical storms made landfall during the season and caused 77 deaths and $ 1 @.@ 2 billion in damage ( 2000 USD ) . Hurricane Florence and Isaac and Tropical Storm Leslie also caused damage and fatalities , though none of the three made landfall . The last storm of the season , an unnamed subtropical storm , dissipated on October 29 , over a month before the official end of hurricane season on November 30 .
Tropical cyclogenesis first occurred in the month of June , with two tropical depressions developing in the Atlantic . However , no tropical cyclones developed in the month of July , the first phenomenon since 1993 . In August , five tropical cyclones developed , most notably , Hurricane Alberto . September was more active , with seven named storms forming ; that month featured Hurricane Keith , the strongest system of the 2000 Atlantic hurricane season . In addition , a quick succession of eight storms occurred in September , and lasted into early October . Six tropical cyclones existed in October and one additional subtropical storm developed in the last week of the month . Following an active October , no tropical cyclogenesis occurred in November , which is the final month of the season .
The season 's activity was reflected with an accumulated cyclone energy ( ACE ) rating of 119 . ACE is , broadly speaking , a measure of the power of the hurricane multiplied by the length of time it existed , so storms that last a long time , as well as particularly strong hurricanes , have high ACEs . ACE is only calculated for full advisories on tropical systems at or exceeding 34 knots ( 39 mph , 63 km / h ) or tropical storm strength . Subtropical cyclones , including the unnamed storm as well as the initial stages of Florence , Leslie , and Michael , are excluded from the total .
= = = Season timeline = = =