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stringlengths 56
13.5k
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38.4k
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|---|---|---|---|---|
[
"Australian National Airways (1930)",
"founded by",
"Charles Kingsford Smith"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Australian National Airways (1930)<\e1> and <e2>Charles Kingsford Smith<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 96,132 |
[
"Herstatt Bank",
"founded by",
"Emil Georg Bührle"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Herstatt Bank<\e1> and <e2>Emil Georg Bührle<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 96,137 |
[
"Herstatt Bank",
"owned by",
"Gerling Group"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Herstatt Bank<\e1> and <e2>Gerling Group<\e2>.
| owned by | 32,091 | 96,139 |
[
"Herstatt Bank",
"founded by",
"Hans Gerling"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Herstatt Bank<\e1> and <e2>Hans Gerling<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 96,140 |
[
"Herstatt Bank",
"owned by",
"Hans Gerling"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Herstatt Bank<\e1> and <e2>Hans Gerling<\e2>.
| owned by | 32,091 | 96,141 |
[
"Herstatt Bank",
"founded by",
"Iwan-David Herstatt"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Herstatt Bank<\e1> and <e2>Iwan-David Herstatt<\e2>.
Background
Herstatt Bank was founded in 1955 by Ivan David Herstatt, with financial assistance from Herbert Quandt, Emil Bührle and Hans Gerling, the head of an insurance company who took a majority share. By 1974 the bank had assets of over DM2 billion, making it the 35th largest bank in Germany. Herstatt Bank became a significant participant in the foreign exchange markets. During 1973 and 1974, the U.S. dollar experienced significant volatility. The bank made wrong bets on the direction of the dollar, and by June 1974 had accumulated DM470 million in losses, compared with capital of only DM44 million. | founded by | 32,654 | 96,143 |
[
"Pioneer Fund",
"founded by",
"Wickliffe Draper"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Pioneer Fund<\e1> and <e2>Wickliffe Draper<\e2>.
History
Pioneer Fund was incorporated on March 11, 1937. The incorporation documents of the Pioneer Fund list two purposes. The first, modeled on the Nazi Lebensborn breeding program, was aimed at encouraging the propagation of those "descended predominantly from white persons who settled in the original thirteen states prior to the adoption of the Constitution of the United States and/or from related stocks, or to classes of children, the majority of whom are deemed to be so descended". Its second purpose was to support academic research and the "dissemination of information, into the 'problem of heredity and eugenics'" and "the problems of race betterment". The Pioneer Fund argues the "race betterment" has always referred to the "human race" referred to earlier in the sentence, and critics argue it referred to racial groups. The document was amended in 1985 and the phrase changed to "human race betterment."The first five directors were Wickliffe Preston Draper, Harry Laughlin, Frederick Osborn, Malcolm Donald and John Marshall Harlan II.Wickliffe Preston Draper
Wickliffe Preston Draper, the fund's de facto final authority, served on the board of directors from 1937 until 1972. He founded Pioneer Fund after having acquired an interest in the Eugenics movement, which was strengthened by his 1935 visit to Nazi Germany, where he met with the leading eugenicists of the Third Reich who used the inspiration from the American movement as a basis for the Nuremberg Laws. He served in the British army at the beginning of World War I, transferring to the US Army as the Americans entered the war. During World War II, he was stationed as an intelligence officer in India.Draper secretly met C. Nash Herndon of Bowman Gray School of Medicine at Wake Forest University in 1949. Little is known about their meetings, but Herndon was playing a major role in the expansion of the compulsory sterilization program in North Carolina.Psychology professor William H. Tucker describes Draper as someone who "aside from his brief periods of military service ... never pursued a profession or held a job of any kind." According to a 1960 article in The Nation, an unnamed geneticist said Draper told him he "wished to prove simply that Negroes were inferior." Draper funded advocacy of repatriation of blacks to Africa. | founded by | 32,658 | 96,149 |
[
"Pegaso",
"founded by",
"Instituto Nacional de Industria"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Pegaso<\e1> and <e2>Instituto Nacional de Industria<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 96,164 |
[
"BET+",
"owned by",
"Tyler Perry Studios"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>BET+<\e1> and <e2>Tyler Perry Studios<\e2>.
BET+ is an
SVOD service operated by Tyler Perry Studios and Paramount Streaming, a division of Paramount Global. The service was first announced on June 24, 2019 and launched on September 19, 2019.BET+ features both original films and television series from the BET program library and will be the exclusive home of programming produced by Tyler Perry as part of BET's overall deal with Perry. Will Packer and Tracy Oliver have also signed on to produce original programming for the service.BET+ was part of Viacom's 2017 turnaround strategy, which saw the company acquiring and investing into digital platforms. Prior to the announcement of BET+, Viacom acquired the free streaming platform Pluto TV on March 4, 2019 and launched several channels branded after Viacom-owned cable networks and IPs, including BET-branded channels.History
In 2017, Viacom launched BET Play, which carried BET original content and was not available in the United States. The same year, Tyler Perry signed a deal with Viacom, lasting until 2024, which would give him part ownership in BET+. On June 24, 2019, BET+ was announced as a joint venture between BET Networks and Tyler Perry Studios, set to launch in the fall of that year. On September 9, 2019, BET set an official launch date of September 19, 2019 and announced Devin Griffin as general manager of the streaming service. The service launched on September 19 that year. BET+ accounted for half of subscriber growth and nearly all revenue growth for BET in 2021. | owned by | 32,687 | 96,241 |
[
"BET+",
"owned by",
"Paramount Global"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>BET+<\e1> and <e2>Paramount Global<\e2>.
BET+ is an
SVOD service operated by Tyler Perry Studios and Paramount Streaming, a division of Paramount Global. The service was first announced on June 24, 2019 and launched on September 19, 2019.BET+ features both original films and television series from the BET program library and will be the exclusive home of programming produced by Tyler Perry as part of BET's overall deal with Perry. Will Packer and Tracy Oliver have also signed on to produce original programming for the service.BET+ was part of Viacom's 2017 turnaround strategy, which saw the company acquiring and investing into digital platforms. Prior to the announcement of BET+, Viacom acquired the free streaming platform Pluto TV on March 4, 2019 and launched several channels branded after Viacom-owned cable networks and IPs, including BET-branded channels. | owned by | 32,688 | 96,242 |
[
"Roseraie du Val-de-Marne",
"owned by",
"Val-de-Marne"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Roseraie du Val-de-Marne<\e1> and <e2>Val-de-Marne<\e2>.
| owned by | 32,091 | 96,260 |
[
"Pinkerton (detective agency)",
"founded by",
"Allan Pinkerton"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Pinkerton (detective agency)<\e1> and <e2>Allan Pinkerton<\e2>.
Origins
In the 1850s, Allan Pinkerton, a Scottish immigrant, met Chicago attorney Edward Rucker in a local Masonic Hall. The two men formed the North-Western Police Agency, later known as the Pinkerton Agency. Pinkerton used his skills in espionage to attract clients and begin growing the agency. Historian Frank Morn writes: "By the mid-1850s a few businessmen saw the need for greater control over their employees; their solution was to sponsor a private detective system. In February 1855, Allan Pinkerton, after consulting with six midwestern railroads, created such an agency in Chicago." The Pinkerton Agency hired women and minorities from its founding because they were useful as spies, a practice uncommon at the time. | founded by | 32,696 | 96,269 |
[
"Williams Grand Prix Engineering",
"founded by",
"Patrick Head"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Williams Grand Prix Engineering<\e1> and <e2>Patrick Head<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 96,275 |
[
"Williams Grand Prix Engineering",
"founded by",
"Frank Williams"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Williams Grand Prix Engineering<\e1> and <e2>Frank Williams<\e2>.
Origins
Frank Williams founded Williams in 1977 after his previous team, Frank Williams Racing Cars, failed to achieve the success he desired. Despite the promise of a new owner, Canadian millionaire Walter Wolf, and the team's rebranding as Wolf–Williams Racing in 1976, the cars still were not competitive. Eventually, Williams left the rechristened Walter Wolf Racing and moved to Didcot to rebuild his team as Williams Grand Prix Engineering. Frank recruited Patrick Head to work for the team, creating the Williams–Head partnership.Racing history – Formula One
Ford-Cosworth engines (1977–1983)
1977 season
Williams entered a March 761 for the 1977 season. Lone driver Patrick Nève competed in 11 races that year, starting with the Spanish Grand Prix. The new team failed to score a point, achieving a best finish of 7th at the Italian Grand Prix. | founded by | 32,700 | 96,276 |
[
"Williams Grand Prix Engineering",
"owned by",
"Dorilton Capital"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Williams Grand Prix Engineering<\e1> and <e2>Dorilton Capital<\e2>.
Williams Group
Williams Grand Prix Holdings is the public company of Williams Group, which includes the Formula One Team and others like Williams Heritage and collaborations with other brands. It was also the former parent company of Williams Hybrid Power & Williams Advanced Engineering.
It is currently owned by Dorilton Capital. who purchased the team on 21 August 2020. With the acquisition, Claire Williams was offered the chance to stay on as a team principal but that offer was declined. The 2020 Italian Grand Prix in Monza was the last race where the Williams family led the team.The sale happened after years of financial difficulties. Reuters reported on 20 November 2009 that founders Sir Frank Williams and Patrick Head had sold a minority stake in the team to an investment company led by Toto Wolff. In February 2011, Williams F1 announced plans to raise capital through an initial public offering (IPO) on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange (FWB) in March 2011, with Sir Frank Williams remaining the majority shareholder and team principal after the IPO.In December 2017 Sir Frank Williams owned 51.3% of the company, with 24.1% on the public marketplace, Brad Hollinger owning 11.7%, Patrick Head 9.3%, and 3.6% is held by an employee trust fund. However in May 2020, Williams was put up for sale after posting a £13 million loss in the previous year. | owned by | 32,702 | 96,282 |
[
"College Park Airport",
"owned by",
"Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>College Park Airport<\e1> and <e2>Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission<\e2>.
| owned by | 32,091 | 96,292 |
[
"Legionaries of Christ",
"founded by",
"Marcial Maciel"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Legionaries of Christ<\e1> and <e2>Marcial Maciel<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 96,310 |
[
"Art Aia - Creatives In Residence",
"founded by",
"Giovanni Morassutti"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Art Aia - Creatives In Residence<\e1> and <e2>Giovanni Morassutti<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 96,328 |
[
"Rebel News",
"founded by",
"Brian Lilley"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Rebel News<\e1> and <e2>Brian Lilley<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 96,331 |
[
"Rebel News",
"founded by",
"Ezra Levant"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Rebel News<\e1> and <e2>Ezra Levant<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 96,333 |
[
"Mahanam Sampradaya",
"founded by",
"Prabhu Jagadbandhu"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Mahanam Sampradaya<\e1> and <e2>Prabhu Jagadbandhu<\e2>.
History of formation
Arrival of new incarnation
Formation of Mahanam Sampradaya started with the advent of Prabhu Jagadbandhu (28 April 1871 – 1921)—a mystic and author of kirtan songs—who was the focus of a new revival movement within the Bengali Vaishnavas in the last decade 19th century, and whom Mahanam Sampradaya (and many others) believe as an avatar of Krishna as Chaitanya Mahaprabhu and Nityananda. At the first time, in 1891 Annada Charan Datta—the leader of Hari Sabha, a circle of devotees at Hooghly—was reported to have had a vision that Chaitanya Mahaprabhu was reincarnate in the form of Prabhu Jagadbandhu.Prabhu Jagadbandu was a great Hindu saint and yogi from Chaitanya Sampradaya. He said
Show kindness and compassion and do well to all creatures. Make a free gift of religion to all. Initiation in the hallowed name of Hari is the sure means of attaining salvation (i.e. deliverance from all agonies and sufferings). This is the secret of salvation. This is the secret of eternal good done to others | founded by | 32,728 | 96,361 |
[
"SNEP",
"founded by",
"Albert Bernard"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>SNEP<\e1> and <e2>Albert Bernard<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 96,385 |
[
"XHRF-FM",
"owned by",
"Instituto Mexicano de la Radio"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>XHRF-FM<\e1> and <e2>Instituto Mexicano de la Radio<\e2>.
| owned by | 32,091 | 96,390 |
[
"Eir (telecommunications)",
"owned by",
"Iliad"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Eir (telecommunications)<\e1> and <e2>Iliad<\e2>.
Eircom Limited, trading as Eir ( AIR; stylised eir), is a large fixed, mobile and broadband telecommunications company in Ireland. The now privatised company, which is currently incorporated in Jersey, traces its origins to the Ireland's former state-owned monopoly telecommunication provider Telecom Éireann and its predecessors, P&T (the Dept. of Posts and Telegraphs) and before the foundation of the state, the telecommunications division of the GPO. It remains the largest telecommunications operator in Ireland and has overseas operations focused on the business and corporate telecom markets in the United Kingdom.
The company was in majority state ownership until 1999, when it was privatised through a floatation on the Irish and New York Stock Exchanges.
Eir is currently majority owned by Xavier Niel's Iliad SA and his Paris-based NJJ Telecom Europe investment fund. The group includes French telecommunications provider Free and Iliad Italia.Eir operates a wholesale fixed-line network through its Open Eir unit, providing copper and fibre based access products to a wide range of Irish telecommunications companies. Its services include next generation access products, such as FTTH, FTTC (VDSL) and legacy copper based services, including ADSL and classic digital circuit switched products like PSTN and ISDN. It also offers a range of legacy leased line services.
The company's retail division markets these services directly to homes and businesses, and includes value added services like Eir TV and voice over broadband for home users and a wide range of digital services tailored to business customers.
Eir operates a national mobile network both under its own Eir brand and GoMo, a value-focused, online-only sub-brand. The network provides 2G, 3G, 4G and 5G services and ancillary services such as WiFi Calling and VoLTE. | owned by | 32,737 | 96,396 |
[
"Eir (telecommunications)",
"owned by",
"NJJ Holding"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Eir (telecommunications)<\e1> and <e2>NJJ Holding<\e2>.
| owned by | 32,091 | 96,397 |
[
"Hiroshima (book)",
"narrative location",
"Hiroshima"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Hiroshima (book)<\e1> and <e2>Hiroshima<\e2>.
| narrative location | 32,091 | 96,481 |
[
"Royal Rumble",
"founded by",
"P. K. Subban"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Royal Rumble<\e1> and <e2>P. K. Subban<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 96,486 |
[
"Frenchglen Hotel State Heritage Site",
"owned by",
"Oregon Parks and Recreation Department"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Frenchglen Hotel State Heritage Site<\e1> and <e2>Oregon Parks and Recreation Department<\e2>.
| owned by | 32,091 | 96,491 |
[
"Channel One Russia",
"owned by",
"TASS"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Channel One Russia<\e1> and <e2>TASS<\e2>.
| owned by | 32,091 | 96,555 |
[
"Channel One Russia",
"owned by",
"Roman Abramovich"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Channel One Russia<\e1> and <e2>Roman Abramovich<\e2>.
| owned by | 32,091 | 96,556 |
[
"Channel One Russia",
"founded by",
"Alexander Nikolaevich Yakovlev"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Channel One Russia<\e1> and <e2>Alexander Nikolaevich Yakovlev<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 96,557 |
[
"Channel One Russia",
"founded by",
"Vladislav Listyev"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Channel One Russia<\e1> and <e2>Vladislav Listyev<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 96,558 |
[
"Channel One Russia",
"owned by",
"Government of Russia"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Channel One Russia<\e1> and <e2>Government of Russia<\e2>.
| owned by | 32,091 | 96,559 |
[
"Channel One Russia",
"owned by",
"VTB Bank"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Channel One Russia<\e1> and <e2>VTB Bank<\e2>.
| owned by | 32,091 | 96,560 |
[
"Channel One Russia",
"owned by",
"National Media Group"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Channel One Russia<\e1> and <e2>National Media Group<\e2>.
| owned by | 32,091 | 96,562 |
[
"Channel One Russia",
"owned by",
"Sogaz"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Channel One Russia<\e1> and <e2>Sogaz<\e2>.
| owned by | 32,091 | 96,563 |
[
"Channel One Russia",
"owned by",
"Ostankino Technical Center"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Channel One Russia<\e1> and <e2>Ostankino Technical Center<\e2>.
| owned by | 32,091 | 96,564 |
[
"Channel One Russia",
"owned by",
"Federal Agency for State Property Management"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Channel One Russia<\e1> and <e2>Federal Agency for State Property Management<\e2>.
| owned by | 32,091 | 96,567 |
[
"Channel One Russia",
"owned by",
"VTB Capital"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Channel One Russia<\e1> and <e2>VTB Capital<\e2>.
| owned by | 32,091 | 96,569 |
[
"Dan & Dave",
"owned by",
"Reebok"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Dan & Dave<\e1> and <e2>Reebok<\e2>.
| owned by | 32,091 | 96,639 |
[
"The Pentagon",
"owned by",
"United States Department of Defense"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>The Pentagon<\e1> and <e2>United States Department of Defense<\e2>.
The Pentagon is the headquarters building of the United States Department of Defense, in Arlington County, Virginia, across the Potomac River from Washington, D.C. It was constructed on an accelerated schedule during World War II. As a symbol of the U.S. military, the phrase The Pentagon is often used as a metonym for the Department of Defense and its leadership.
The building was designed by American architect George Bergstrom and built by contractor John McShain. Ground was broken on 11 September 1941, and the building was dedicated on 15 January 1943. General Brehon Somervell provided the major impetus to gain Congressional approval for the project; Colonel Leslie Groves was responsible for overseeing the project for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, which supervised it.
The Pentagon is the world's second largest office building, with about 6.5 million square feet (600,000 m2) of floor space, of which 3.7 million square feet (340,000 m2) are used as offices. Some 23,000 military and civilian employees, and another 3,000 non-defense support personnel, work in the Pentagon. It has five sides, five floors above ground, two basement levels, and five ring corridors per floor with a total of 17.5 mi (28.2 km) of corridors, with a central five-acre (2.0 ha) pentagonal plaza.
In 2001, the Pentagon was damaged during the September 11 attacks. Five al-Qaeda hijackers flew American Airlines Flight 77 into the western side of the building, killing themselves and 184 other people: 59 on the airplane and 125 in the Pentagon. It was the first significant foreign attack on government facilities in Washington, D.C. since the burning of Washington during the War of 1812. Following the attacks, the western side of the building was repaired, with a small indoor memorial and chapel added at the point of impact. An outdoor memorial dedicated to the Pentagon victims of 9/11 opened in 2008. | owned by | 32,790 | 96,659 |
[
"Miracle Pine Tree",
"owned by",
"Rikuzentakata"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Miracle Pine Tree<\e1> and <e2>Rikuzentakata<\e2>.
| owned by | 32,091 | 96,758 |
[
"Miracle Pine Tree",
"owned by",
"Japan Youth Hostels"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Miracle Pine Tree<\e1> and <e2>Japan Youth Hostels<\e2>.
| owned by | 32,091 | 96,759 |
[
"Chicago",
"founded by",
"Jean Baptiste Point du Sable"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Chicago<\e1> and <e2>Jean Baptiste Point du Sable<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 96,784 |
[
"Entertainment Software Rating Board",
"founded by",
"Entertainment Software Association"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Entertainment Software Rating Board<\e1> and <e2>Entertainment Software Association<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 96,788 |
[
"Statue of Liberty",
"owned by",
"National Park Service"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Statue of Liberty<\e1> and <e2>National Park Service<\e2>.
Access and attributes
Location and access
The statue is situated in Upper New York Bay on Liberty Island south of Ellis Island, which together comprise the Statue of Liberty National Monument. Both islands were ceded by New York to the federal government in 1800. As agreed in an 1834 compact between New York and New Jersey that set the state border at the bay's midpoint, the original islands remain New York territory though located on the New Jersey side of the state line. Liberty Island is one of the islands that are part of the borough of Manhattan in New York. Land created by reclamation added to the 2.3-acre (0.93 ha) original island at Ellis Island is New Jersey territory.No charge is made for entrance to the national monument, but there is a cost for the ferry service that all visitors must use, as private boats may not dock at the island. A concession was granted in 2007 to Statue Cruises to operate the transportation and ticketing facilities, replacing Circle Line, which had operated the service since 1953. The ferries, which depart from Liberty State Park in Jersey City and the Battery in Lower Manhattan, also stop at Ellis Island when it is open to the public, making a combined trip possible. All ferry riders are subject to security screening, similar to airport procedures, prior to boarding.Visitors intending to enter the statue's base and pedestal must obtain pedestal access for a nominal fee when purchasing their ferry ticket. Those wishing to climb the staircase within the statue to the crown must purchase a special ticket, which may be reserved up to a year in advance. A total of 240 people per day can ascend: ten per group, three groups per hour. Climbers may bring only medication and cameras—lockers are provided for other items—and must undergo a second security screening. The balcony around the torch was closed to the public following the munitions explosion on Black Tom Island in 1916. The balcony can however be seen live via webcam. | owned by | 32,811 | 96,812 |
[
"Sea-Saint Studios",
"owned by",
"Allen Toussaint"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Sea-Saint Studios<\e1> and <e2>Allen Toussaint<\e2>.
Sea-Saint Studios was a music recording facility located at 3809 Clematis Street in New Orleans, Louisiana, which was co-owned by musician, producer, and arranger, Allen Toussaint and record A&R man and publishing agent Marshall Sehorn, which was in operation for over thirty years, from 1973-2005, when it was destroyed during Hurricane Katrina. During those years it hosted recordings by numerous musical acts such as Paul McCartney, Paul Simon, Patti LaBelle, Joe Cocker, and Elvis Costello, as well as local acts such as the Meters and Dr. John.
Toussaint and Sehorn opened the studio in the Gentilly section of New Orleans in 1973. The two had teamed up in 1965 to form Sansu Records (and its sister labels Tou-Sea and Deesu), as well as Mar-Saint Publishing. The Sansu organization boasted hit recordings by acts such as Lee Dorsey, who scored big with "Workin' in a Coal Mine" and "Ride Your Pony" and Betty Harris, who reached Billboard's Top 20 with "Nearer to You." Many of the Sansu recordings were backed by the label's oft used house band, Art Neville & The Sounds, who eventually become known as the Meters. Many of the Sansu recordings done during these years were done at Cosimo Matassa's studios, the recording venue of choice with many New Orleans musicians. In 1973 Toussaint and Sehorn opened Sea-Saint Studios, which was at the time a state of the art facility.Sea-Saint Studios became a favored recording destination for numerous top musical acts. Paul McCartney and Wings recorded the majority of tracks on their 1975 Venus and Mars album at Sea-Saint, featuring one of their most popular songs, "Listen to What the Man Said." There Patti LaBelle cut her smash hit, "Lady Marmalade," which went to #1 on Billboard's Hot 100 Paul Simon, Joe Cocker, and Elvis Costello also recorded there. The studio also served as a recording venue for top New Orleans acts such as The Meters and Dr. John. Dr. John recorded his Desitively Bonaroo album there which yielded the 1974 hit "(EverybodyWanna Get Rich) Rite Away," backed by the Meters and produced by Allen Toussaint. The Meters' own 1974 LP, Rejuvenation, was recorded at Sea Saint and produced by Toussaint. Catholic singers The Dameans recorded several of their recordings at Sea-Saint Studios, including "Remember Your Love" (1978) and "Path of Life" (1981).On August 28, 2005, Hurricane Katrina destroyed the studio, leaving it flooded under 3.5 feet of water. | owned by | 32,812 | 96,821 |
[
"Sea-Saint Studios",
"owned by",
"Marshall Sehorn"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Sea-Saint Studios<\e1> and <e2>Marshall Sehorn<\e2>.
Sea-Saint Studios was a music recording facility located at 3809 Clematis Street in New Orleans, Louisiana, which was co-owned by musician, producer, and arranger, Allen Toussaint and record A&R man and publishing agent Marshall Sehorn, which was in operation for over thirty years, from 1973-2005, when it was destroyed during Hurricane Katrina. During those years it hosted recordings by numerous musical acts such as Paul McCartney, Paul Simon, Patti LaBelle, Joe Cocker, and Elvis Costello, as well as local acts such as the Meters and Dr. John.
Toussaint and Sehorn opened the studio in the Gentilly section of New Orleans in 1973. The two had teamed up in 1965 to form Sansu Records (and its sister labels Tou-Sea and Deesu), as well as Mar-Saint Publishing. The Sansu organization boasted hit recordings by acts such as Lee Dorsey, who scored big with "Workin' in a Coal Mine" and "Ride Your Pony" and Betty Harris, who reached Billboard's Top 20 with "Nearer to You." Many of the Sansu recordings were backed by the label's oft used house band, Art Neville & The Sounds, who eventually become known as the Meters. Many of the Sansu recordings done during these years were done at Cosimo Matassa's studios, the recording venue of choice with many New Orleans musicians. In 1973 Toussaint and Sehorn opened Sea-Saint Studios, which was at the time a state of the art facility.Sea-Saint Studios became a favored recording destination for numerous top musical acts. Paul McCartney and Wings recorded the majority of tracks on their 1975 Venus and Mars album at Sea-Saint, featuring one of their most popular songs, "Listen to What the Man Said." There Patti LaBelle cut her smash hit, "Lady Marmalade," which went to #1 on Billboard's Hot 100 Paul Simon, Joe Cocker, and Elvis Costello also recorded there. The studio also served as a recording venue for top New Orleans acts such as The Meters and Dr. John. Dr. John recorded his Desitively Bonaroo album there which yielded the 1974 hit "(EverybodyWanna Get Rich) Rite Away," backed by the Meters and produced by Allen Toussaint. The Meters' own 1974 LP, Rejuvenation, was recorded at Sea Saint and produced by Toussaint. Catholic singers The Dameans recorded several of their recordings at Sea-Saint Studios, including "Remember Your Love" (1978) and "Path of Life" (1981).On August 28, 2005, Hurricane Katrina destroyed the studio, leaving it flooded under 3.5 feet of water. | owned by | 32,812 | 96,822 |
[
"Plan ADOP",
"founded by",
"Spanish Paralympic Committee"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Plan ADOP<\e1> and <e2>Spanish Paralympic Committee<\e2>.
History
Plan ADOP was instituted in 2005, with funding for it going to the Spanish Paralympic Committee. Funding for Plan ADO comes from companies and businesses who sponsor athletes, events, federations and teams. Miguel Carballeda, President of the Spanish Paralympic Committee who came into office in December 2004, was one of the drivers in instituting Plan ADOP.Between 2005 and 2008, Plan ADOP brought in an additional 17.5 million Euros to support preparations for the Spanish Paralympic team delegations at the 2006 Winter Paralympics, 2008 Summer Paralympics and 2010 Winter Paralympics. The funds directly benefited 390 competitors and 135 technical support personnel like coaches. The CPE manages the allocation of the Plan ADOP funding to athletes and others. In 2008, following Carballeda's re-election as President, Plan ADOP did some consolidating as part of overall efforts at social diffusion of Paralympic sport in Spain. Plan ADOP money was used to assist in preparing sportspeople for London. | founded by | 32,816 | 96,846 |
[
"Regensburger Domspatzen",
"founded by",
"Wolfgang of Regensburg"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Regensburger Domspatzen<\e1> and <e2>Wolfgang of Regensburg<\e2>.
History and organization
The Domspatzen, literally "Cathedral Sparrows", trace their origins back to the year 975 when bishop Wolfgang of Regensburg founded a cathedral school that – among other things – instructed boys to sing in the liturgy. It is the oldest choir in the world. The boys choir has seen various ups and downs during its history of more than a thousand years. In the 20th century, however, the Domspatzen became world-famous, especially through the achievement of the two directors who were to shape them over the course of 70 years: Theobald Schrems (Domkapellmeister 1924 to 1964) and Georg Ratzinger (1964–1994).
Schrems laid the foundations that enabled the choir's success by giving the Domspatzen their current institutional makeup: a boarding school for boys aged 10–19, a private secondary school with emphasis on musical education, and the choir at the center of the structure. In this way the boys can practise singing together and learn under the same roof, which allows for greater efficiency and thus also helps to avoid exhaustion of the students. Ratzinger oversaw the choir becoming a stable concert presence and consolidated and enhanced its quality. Since 1994, Roland Büchner has been Domkapellmeister; the first layman after centuries of conductors from the clergy. | founded by | 32,820 | 96,858 |
[
"Boy Scouts of America",
"founded by",
"Ernest Thompson Seton"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Boy Scouts of America<\e1> and <e2>Ernest Thompson Seton<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 96,863 |
[
"Boy Scouts of America",
"founded by",
"Charles Eastman"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Boy Scouts of America<\e1> and <e2>Charles Eastman<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 96,864 |
[
"Boy Scouts of America",
"founded by",
"William D. Boyce"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Boy Scouts of America<\e1> and <e2>William D. Boyce<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 96,865 |
[
"Boy Scouts of America",
"founded by",
"Daniel Carter Beard"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Boy Scouts of America<\e1> and <e2>Daniel Carter Beard<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 96,867 |
[
"Stonehenge",
"owned by",
"National Trust"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Stonehenge<\e1> and <e2>National Trust<\e2>.
| owned by | 32,091 | 96,872 |
[
"Celebrate Bisexuality Day",
"founded by",
"Wendy Curry"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Celebrate Bisexuality Day<\e1> and <e2>Wendy Curry<\e2>.
History
A precursor to the first official observance came when the oldest national bisexuality organization in the United States, BiNet USA, was founded in 1990. It was originally called the North American Multicultural Bisexual Network (NAMBN) and had its first meeting at the first National Bisexual Conference in America.This first conference was held in San Francisco in 1990 and sponsored by BiPOL. More than 450 people attended from 20 states and 5 countries, and the mayor of San Francisco issued a proclamation "commending the bisexual rights community for its leadership in the cause of social justice" and declaring June 23, 1990, as Bisexual Pride Day.First officially observed in 1999 at the International Lesbian and Gay Association Conference in Johannesburg, South Africa, Celebrate Bisexuality Day is the brainchild of three bisexual rights activists: Wendy Curry of Maine, Michael Page of Florida, and Gigi Raven Wilbur of Texas. Wilbur said: | founded by | 32,825 | 96,876 |
[
"Celebrate Bisexuality Day",
"founded by",
"Gigi Raven Wilbur"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Celebrate Bisexuality Day<\e1> and <e2>Gigi Raven Wilbur<\e2>.
Celebrate Bisexuality Day (also called Bisexual Pride Day, Bi Visibility Day, CBD, Bisexual Pride and Bi Visibility Day, and Bisexuality+ Day) is observed annually on September 23 to recognize and celebrate bisexual people, the bisexual community, and the history of bisexuality.History
A precursor to the first official observance came when the oldest national bisexuality organization in the United States, BiNet USA, was founded in 1990. It was originally called the North American Multicultural Bisexual Network (NAMBN) and had its first meeting at the first National Bisexual Conference in America.This first conference was held in San Francisco in 1990 and sponsored by BiPOL. More than 450 people attended from 20 states and 5 countries, and the mayor of San Francisco issued a proclamation "commending the bisexual rights community for its leadership in the cause of social justice" and declaring June 23, 1990, as Bisexual Pride Day.First officially observed in 1999 at the International Lesbian and Gay Association Conference in Johannesburg, South Africa, Celebrate Bisexuality Day is the brainchild of three bisexual rights activists: Wendy Curry of Maine, Michael Page of Florida, and Gigi Raven Wilbur of Texas. Wilbur said: | founded by | 32,824 | 96,877 |
[
"Sarmiento Line",
"owned by",
"Government of Argentina"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Sarmiento Line<\e1> and <e2>Government of Argentina<\e2>.
The Sarmiento line is a broad gauge commuter rail service in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina, run by the state-owned Trenes Argentinos since 11 September 2013. | owned by | 32,826 | 96,881 |
[
"Schneefernerhaus",
"owned by",
"United States Army"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Schneefernerhaus<\e1> and <e2>United States Army<\e2>.
| owned by | 32,091 | 96,886 |
[
"Wrocław Główny railway station",
"owned by",
"Polish State Railways"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Wrocław Główny railway station<\e1> and <e2>Polish State Railways<\e2>.
| owned by | 32,091 | 96,895 |
[
"Augustów",
"founded by",
"Sigismund II Augustus"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Augustów<\e1> and <e2>Sigismund II Augustus<\e2>.
History
A settlement in the area was first mentioned in 1496. Augustów was established around 1540 by Bona Sforza and granted Magdeburg rights in 1557 by Sigismund II Augustus, after whom it was also named. It was laid out in a very regular manner, with a spacious market-place.Until 1569 Augustów belonged to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. In 1569 it became part of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, while its cemetery was left in the Grand Duchy, both countries formed the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth as a result of the Union of Lublin. Augustów was a royal city, located in the Podlaskie Voivodeship in the Lesser Poland Province of the Polish Crown. Tatar invaders destroyed Augustów in 1656, and the second half of the 17th century saw the town afflicted by plague.In 1795 Prussia annexed Augustów in the Third Partition of Poland. In 1807, it became part of the Duchy of Warsaw, followed by incorporation into the Russian-controlled Kingdom of Poland in 1815. It was made a county seat in 1842. The local populace took part in the large Polish January Uprising of 1863–1864 against Russia. Following Russia's full annexation of the Polish kingdom in the 1860s, it was administered from Suwałki. With a population around 9400 (c. 1875), it carried a large trade in cattle and horses, and manufactured linen and huckaback. Its canal connects the Vistula and Neman rivers and the railway reached the town in 1899, when its population was around 12,800.
During World War I, the Russian Army successfully counterattacked the German Army in the Battle of Augustów, in the lead-up to the better-known Battle of the Vistula River. In the aftermath of World War I, it was a site of fighting during the Battle of Augustów in 1920.Following the joint German-Soviet invasion of Poland, which started World War II in September 1939, Augustów was occupied by the Soviet Union until 1941. Many inhabitants were sent to exile in Kazakhstan, from where some were able to return after 6 years. On June 22, 1941, just before the Germans captured the town, the Soviets murdered around 30–34 Polish prisoners in Augustów as part of the NKVD prisoner massacres. The Nazi German forces occupied Augustów until 1944, and operated a forced labour camp in the town. World War II brought the destruction of about 70% of the town and death or departure of most of its residents, amongst them a community of several thousand Jews who were imprisoned in the ghetto situated between the canal and the river. The Germans executed practically all of them before they left. In 1945 the Soviets conducted the nearby Augustów roundup – a special operation against former Armia Krajowa anticommunist fighters. | founded by | 32,838 | 96,949 |
[
"Estadio Olímpico Universitario",
"owned by",
"National Autonomous University of Mexico"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Estadio Olímpico Universitario<\e1> and <e2>National Autonomous University of Mexico<\e2>.
| owned by | 32,091 | 96,965 |
[
"Qnet",
"founded by",
"Vijay Eswaran"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Qnet<\e1> and <e2>Vijay Eswaran<\e2>.
History
1998 - 2000
QNet was founded in 1998 in Hong Kong by businessmen Vijay Eswaran and Joseph Bismark. Though born and brought up in Malaysia, Eswaran undertook his higher education in the United Kingdom where he learned how multi-level marketing schemes work.
The company was first known as GoldQuest and then QuestNet before the name was shortened to QNet in 2010. In the beginning, it made custom-commissioned commemorative coins and later began selling jewellery and watches. In 1999, Qnet expanded its operations to Malaysia and Singapore and began a partnership with B.H. Mayer's Mint, a German-based mint coin facility. By 2002, the company was active in India, the United Arab Emirates, Indonesia, Thailand, Australia, the United Kingdom, and Eastern Europe.In 2000, Qnet was the official distributor of the Sydney Olympic Games commemorative coins. It was later named a distributor of FIFA’s Centennial Commemorative coin set in 2004 and a distributor at the 2004 Athens Olympic Games and 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. | founded by | 32,842 | 96,967 |
[
"Hiera Orgas",
"owned by",
"Eleusinian goddesses"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Hiera Orgas<\e1> and <e2>Eleusinian goddesses<\e2>.
Identification
The Hiera Orgas was a circular, fertile area of land sacred to the Eleusinian goddesses, Demeter and Persephone. It was probably situated on the Megarian side of the Northern reaches of the Iapis River in the borderland between Athens and Megara.As no boundary markers (ὅρος|ὅροι) have survived, it is not possible to be more specific. Its location between the two states meant that control of the site was always going to be controversial. Megara and Athens had a history of territorial conflict dating back to the sixth century BC, including armed conflict over the island of Salamis. | owned by | 32,843 | 96,969 |
[
"Union des femmes pour la défense de Paris et les soins aux blessés",
"founded by",
"Nathalie Lemel"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Union des femmes pour la défense de Paris et les soins aux blessés<\e1> and <e2>Nathalie Lemel<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 97,017 |
[
"Union des femmes pour la défense de Paris et les soins aux blessés",
"founded by",
"Elisabeth Dmitrieff"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Union des femmes pour la défense de Paris et les soins aux blessés<\e1> and <e2>Elisabeth Dmitrieff<\e2>.
History
It was founded by Elisabeth Dmitrieff on 11 April 1871 in the Larched room (79 Temple Road) in the 10th arrondissement, Dmitrieff, who had been sent to Paris from London by Karl Marx as a representative of the First International, was a member of the central committee and remained general secretary of the Union's executive committee, the only non-elected and non-revocable post of the organization. The executive committee was made of seven members. About 130 served in the union's central committee. Actual membership is estimated as being a thousand or more.In April 1871, the group issued a call to Parisian women to form committees in each arrondissement for a collaborative women's movement in Paris's defense.In early May, the women's union issued a manifesto calling equal treatment of gender, in line with the Commune's annulment of privileges and inequalities. The union also petitioned the Commune's economic director, Léo Frankel, for work for women. He recommended organizing workshops for women to work at home, to be designed by the women's union. The group investigated the needs of unemployed women and created cooperative workshops. It did not designate roles based on trades but centralized the distribution of orders for women to complete and return to the workshop for delivery. This system differed from the piece-work originally proposed by Commune officials, which would have preserved the order of women staying at home and previous style of labor. The union, instead, organized free producer associations to share out communal profits. They supported variety within trade work, elimination of gendered competition, reduced work hours, and equal pay for equal work.The Commune's Committee of Public Safety had outlawed women on the battlefield on May 1, but the Union remained committed to its militancy. When a widely published statement attributed to "the women of Paris" appeared later in May, calling for "peace at any price", the Union responded with a manifesto that asserted, "it is not peace, but all-out war that the working women of Paris claim! Today conciliation would be treason! ... The women of Paris will prove to France and to the world that they will also know, at the moment of supreme danger—on the barricades, on the ramparts of Paris, if the reactionaries force the gates—to give as their brothers their blood and their life for the defense and triumph of the Commune, that is to say the people!" | founded by | 32,857 | 97,018 |
[
"BR Fernsehen",
"owned by",
"Bayerischer Rundfunk"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>BR Fernsehen<\e1> and <e2>Bayerischer Rundfunk<\e2>.
Bayerischer Rundfunk (pronounced [ˈbaɪʁɪʃɐ ˈʁʊntfʊŋk]; "Bavarian Broadcasting"), shortened to BR (pronounced [beːˈʔɛʁ] (listen)), is a public-service radio and television broadcaster, based in Munich, capital city of the Free State of Bavaria in Germany. BR is a member organization of the ARD consortium of public broadcasters in Germany.History
Bayerischer Rundfunk was founded in Munich in 1922 as Deutsche Stunde in Bayern. It aired its first program on 30 March 1924. The first broadcasts consisted mainly of time announcements, news, weather and stock market reports, and music. Programming expanded to include radio plays, concerts, programs for women, language courses, chess, opera, radio, news, and Catholic and Protestant morning services. Its new 1929 studio was designed by Richard Riemerschmid.
Deutsche Stunde in Bayern became Bayerischer Rundfunk in 1931. In 1933, shortly after the Nazi seizure of power, the station was put under the control of the Reich Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda. After the Allied victory over Nazi Germany, the American military occupation government took control of the station. Operating as Radio Munich, it broadcast, among other programming, live coverage of the Nuremberg trials and programs such as "War Never Again" ("Nie wieder Krieg").In 1949, Radio Munich became Bayerischer Rundfunk, and in that year it established Europe's first VHF station. A station was added in Nuremberg in the early 1950s. Television broadcasts began in 1954. | owned by | 32,858 | 97,021 |
[
"The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints",
"founded by",
"Joseph Smith"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints<\e1> and <e2>Joseph Smith<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 97,140 |
[
"Yaʽfūr",
"owned by",
"Muhammad"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Yaʽfūr<\e1> and <e2>Muhammad<\e2>.
| owned by | 32,091 | 97,154 |
[
"BBC News (TV channel)",
"owned by",
"BBC"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>BBC News (TV channel)<\e1> and <e2>BBC<\e2>.
The BBC News channel is a British free-to-air public broadcast television news channel owned and operated by the BBC. It was launched as BBC News 24 on 9 November 1997 at 5:30 pm as part of the BBC's foray into digital domestic television channels, becoming the first competitor to Sky News, which had been running since 1989. For a time, looped news, sport and weather bulletins were available to view via BBC Red Button. The channel is based at and broadcasts from Broadcasting House in the West End of London, with other programmes originating from bureaus in Washington, D.C. and Singapore.
On 22 February 2006, the channel was named News Channel of the Year at the Royal Television Society Television Journalism Awards for the first time in its history. The judges remarked that this was the year that the channel had "really come into its own." The channel won the accolade for a second time in 2017. From May 2007, viewers in the UK could watch the channel via the BBC News website. In April 2008, the channel was renamed BBC News as part of a £550,000 rebranding of the BBC's news output, complete with a new studio and presentation.
The channel's international counterpart, formerly known as BBC World News, initially operated as a counterpart carrying international news, as well as selected programmes from the domestic service. Unlike BBC News in the UK, which is a free-to-air channel funded by the licence fee, the world feed is a pay television service distributed by BBC Studios and funded by advertising. Some of its programmes had been simulcast by the domestic BBC News channel, especially in the overnight hours.
In 2022, the BBC announced that it would further consolidate the programming and talent of the BBC News and World News channels as a cost-cutting move; these changes took place on 3 April 2023, when BBC World News was renamed "BBC News". The UK feed occasionally opts out when it airs UK-specific content not deemed significant enough to warrant carriage globally. | owned by | 32,869 | 97,156 |
[
"Enid A. Haupt Garden",
"owned by",
"Smithsonian Institution"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Enid A. Haupt Garden<\e1> and <e2>Smithsonian Institution<\e2>.
The Enid A. Haupt Garden is a 4.2 acre public garden in the Smithsonian complex, adjacent to the Smithsonian Institution Building (the "Castle") on the National Mall in Washington, D.C. It was designed to be a modern representation of American Victorian gardens as they appeared in the mid to late 19th century. It replaced an existing Victorian Garden which had been built to celebrate the nation's Bicentennial in 1976. | owned by | 32,883 | 97,193 |
[
"Wolf's Lair",
"narrative location",
"Germany"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Wolf's Lair<\e1> and <e2>Germany<\e2>.
| narrative location | 32,091 | 97,207 |
[
"Alexandra Palace",
"owned by",
"Haringey London Borough Council"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Alexandra Palace<\e1> and <e2>Haringey London Borough Council<\e2>.
| owned by | 32,091 | 97,214 |
[
"Saint Petersburg",
"founded by",
"Peter the Great"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Saint Petersburg<\e1> and <e2>Peter the Great<\e2>.
Saint Petersburg, formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991; see below), is the second-largest city in Russia. It is situated on the Neva River, at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea. The city had a population of roughly 5.6 million residents as of 2021. Saint Petersburg is the fourth-most populous city in Europe, the most populous city on the Baltic Sea, and the world's northernmost city of more than 1 million residents. As Russia's Imperial capital, and a historically strategic port, it is governed as a federal city.
The city was founded by Tsar Peter the Great on 27 May 1703 on the site of a captured Swedish fortress, and was named after apostle Saint Peter. In Russia, Saint Petersburg is historically and culturally associated with the birth of the Russian Empire and Russia's entry into modern history as a European great power. It served as a capital of the Tsardom of Russia, and the subsequent Russian Empire, from 1713 to 1918 (being replaced by Moscow for a short period of time between 1728 and 1730). After the October Revolution in 1917, the Bolsheviks moved their government to Moscow. The city was renamed Leningrad after Lenin's death in 1924. In a wave of De-Leninization following the dissolution of the USSR, the city was restored to its original appellation through a city-wide referendum.
As Russia's cultural centre, Saint Petersburg received over 15 million tourists in 2018. It is considered an important economic, scientific, and tourism centre of Russia and Europe. In modern times, the city has the nickname of being "the Northern Capital of Russia" and is home to notable federal government bodies such as the Constitutional Court of Russia and the Heraldic Council of the President of the Russian Federation. It is also a seat for the National Library of Russia and a planned location for the Supreme Court of Russia, as well as the home to the headquarters of the Russian Navy, and the Western Military District of the Russian Armed Forces. The Historic Centre of Saint Petersburg and Related Groups of Monuments constitute a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Saint Petersburg is home to the Hermitage, one of the largest art museums in the world, the Lakhta Center, the tallest skyscraper in Europe, and was one of the host cities of the 2018 FIFA World Cup and the UEFA Euro 2020.History
Imperial era (1703–1917)
Swedish colonists built Nyenskans, a fortress at the mouth of the Neva River in 1611, which was later called Ingermanland. This area was inhabited by a Finnic tribe of Ingrians. The small town of Nyen grew up around the fort.
At the end of the 17th century, Peter the Great, who was interested in seafaring and maritime affairs, wanted Russia to gain a seaport to trade with the rest of Europe. He needed a better seaport than the country's main one at the time, Arkhangelsk, which was on the White Sea in the far north and closed to shipping during the winter.
On 12 May [O.S. 1 May] 1703, during the Great Northern War, Peter the Great captured Nyenskans and soon replaced the fortress. On 27 May [O.S. 16 May] 1703, closer to the estuary (5 km (3 mi) inland from the gulf), on Zayachy (Hare) Island, he laid down the Peter and Paul Fortress, which became the first brick and stone building of the new city.The city was built by conscripted peasants from all over Russia; in some years several Swedish prisoners of war were also involved under the supervision of Alexander Menshikov. Tens of thousands of serfs died while building the city. Later, the city became the centre of the Saint Petersburg Governorate. Peter moved the capital from Moscow to Saint Petersburg in 1712, 9 years before the Treaty of Nystad of 1721 ended the war. He referred to Saint Petersburg as the capital (or seat of government) as early as 1704. While the city was being built, Peter lived in a three-room log cabin with his wife Catherine and their children.
During its first few years, the city developed around Trinity Square on the right bank of the Neva, near the Peter and Paul Fortress. However, Saint Petersburg soon started to be built out according to a plan. By 1716 the Swiss Italian Domenico Trezzini had elaborated a project whereby the city centre would be on Vasilyevsky Island and shaped by a rectangular grid of canals. The project was not completed but is evident in the layout of the streets. In 1716, Peter the Great appointed Frenchman Jean-Baptiste Alexandre Le Blond as the chief architect of Saint Petersburg.The style of Petrine Baroque, developed by Trezzini and other architects and exemplified by such buildings as the Menshikov Palace, Kunstkamera, Peter and Paul Cathedral, Twelve Collegia, became prominent in the city architecture of the early 18th century. In 1724 the Academy of Sciences, University and Academic Gymnasium were established in Saint Petersburg by Peter the Great.
In 1725, Peter died at age fifty-two. His endeavors to modernize Russia had been opposed by the Russian nobility. There were several attempts on his life and a treason case involving his son. In 1728, Peter II of Russia moved his seat back to Moscow. But four years later, in 1732, under Empress Anna of Russia, Saint Petersburg was again designated as the capital of the Russian Empire. It remained the seat of the Romanov dynasty and the Imperial Court of the Russian tsars, as well as the seat of the Russian government, for another 186 years until the communist revolution of 1917.
In 1736–1737 the city suffered from catastrophic fires. To rebuild the damaged boroughs, a committee under Burkhard Christoph von Münnich commissioned a new plan in 1737. The city was divided into five boroughs, and the city centre was moved to the Admiralty borough, on the east bank between the Neva and Fontanka. | founded by | 32,889 | 97,220 |
[
"JCPenney",
"founded by",
"William McManus"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>JCPenney<\e1> and <e2>William McManus<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 97,249 |
[
"JCPenney",
"founded by",
"James Cash Penney"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>JCPenney<\e1> and <e2>James Cash Penney<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 97,250 |
[
"Kodak",
"founded by",
"George Eastman"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Kodak<\e1> and <e2>George Eastman<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 97,262 |
[
"Kodak",
"founded by",
"Henry A. Clark"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Kodak<\e1> and <e2>Henry A. Clark<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 97,264 |
[
"Kodak",
"founded by",
"Henry A. Strong"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Kodak<\e1> and <e2>Henry A. Strong<\e2>.
The Eastman Kodak Company (referred to simply as Kodak ) is an American public company that produces various products related to its historic basis in analogue photography. The company is headquartered in Rochester, New York, and is incorporated in New Jersey. It is best known for photographic film products, which it brought to a mass market for the first time.Kodak began as a partnership between George Eastman and Henry A. Strong to develop a film roll camera. After the release of the Kodak camera, Eastman Kodak was incorporated on May 23, 1892. Under Eastman's direction, the company became one of the world's largest film and camera manufacturers, and also developed a model of welfare capitalism and a close relationship with the city of Rochester. During most of the 20th century, Kodak held a dominant position in photographic film, and produced a number of technological innovations through heavy investment in research and development at Kodak Research Laboratories. Kodak produced some of the most popular camera models of the 20th century, including the Brownie and Instamatic. The company's ubiquity was such that its "Kodak moment" tagline entered the common lexicon to describe a personal event that deserved to be recorded for posterity.Kodak began to struggle financially in the late 1990s as a result of increasing competition from Fujifilm. The company also struggled with the transition from film to digital photography, although Kodak had developed the first self-contained digital camera. Attempts to diversify its chemical operations failed, and as a turnaround strategy in the 2000s, Kodak instead made an aggressive turn to digital photography and digital printing. These strategies failed to improve the company's finances, and in January 2012, Kodak filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York.In September 2013, the company emerged from bankruptcy, having shed its large legacy liabilities, restructured, and exited several businesses. Since emerging from bankruptcy, Kodak has continued to provide commercial digital printing products and services, motion picture film, and still film, the last of which is distributed through the spinoff company Kodak Alaris. The company has licensed the Kodak brand to several products produced by other companies, such as the PIXPRO line of digital cameras manufactured by JK Imaging. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, Kodak announced in late July that year it would begin production of pharmaceutical materials.Founding
Eastman entered a partnership with Henry Strong in 1880 and the Eastman Dry Plate Company was founded on January 1, 1881, with Strong as president and Eastman as treasurer. Initially, the company sold dry plates for cameras, but Eastman's interest turned to replacing glass plates altogether with a new roll film process. On October 1, 1884, the company was re-incorporated as the Eastman Dry Plate and Film Company. In 1885, Eastman patented the first practical film roll holder with William Walker, which would allow dry plate cameras to store multiple exposures in a camera simultaneously. That same year, Eastman patented a form of paper film he called "American film". Eastman would continue experimenting with cameras and hired chemist Henry Reichenbach to improve the film. These experiments would culminate in an 1889 patent for nitrocellulose film. As the company continued to grow, it was re-incorporated several more times. In November 1889, it was renamed the Eastman Company and 10,000 shares of stock were issued for $100. On May 23, 1892, another round of capitalization occurred and it was renamed Eastman Kodak. An Eastman Kodak of New Jersey was established in 1901 and existed simultaneously with the Eastman Kodak of New York until 1936, when the New York corporation was dissolved and its assets were transferred to the New Jersey corporation. Kodak remains incorporated in New Jersey today, although its headquarters are in Rochester. | founded by | 32,898 | 97,267 |
[
"Amati Kraslice",
"owned by",
"Geneva BrassWind"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Amati Kraslice<\e1> and <e2>Geneva BrassWind<\e2>.
| owned by | 32,091 | 97,270 |
[
"Den Haag HS railway station",
"owned by",
"Nederlandse Spoorwegen"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Den Haag HS railway station<\e1> and <e2>Nederlandse Spoorwegen<\e2>.
| owned by | 32,091 | 97,273 |
[
"Varnhem Abbey",
"owned by",
"Cistercians"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Varnhem Abbey<\e1> and <e2>Cistercians<\e2>.
| owned by | 32,091 | 97,276 |
[
"Gobelins Manufactory",
"founded by",
"Jean-Baptiste Colbert"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Gobelins Manufactory<\e1> and <e2>Jean-Baptiste Colbert<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 97,280 |
[
"Sant Pere de Rodes",
"owned by",
"Catalan Agency for Cultural Heritage"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Sant Pere de Rodes<\e1> and <e2>Catalan Agency for Cultural Heritage<\e2>.
| owned by | 32,091 | 97,287 |
[
"Hertz Global Holdings",
"founded by",
"Walter L. Jacobs"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Hertz Global Holdings<\e1> and <e2>Walter L. Jacobs<\e2>.
History
The company's early years
Hertz Global Holdings, originally known as Rent-a-Car Inc., was founded by Chicago, Illinois native Walter L. Jacobs in 1918. This small car rental operation began with a dozen Model T Ford cars. Within five years, Jacobs' fleet expanded to 600 vehicles—generating annual revenues of approximately US$1 million. John D. Hertz, owner of Yellow Truck and Coach Manufacturing Company, developed an interest in the brand, leading to him purchasing the company in 1923. It was then renamed to Hertz Drive-Ur-Self System. Jacobs continued to serve as president and chief operating officer of Hertz Drive-Ur-Self System until 1961.After three years of ownership, John Hertz sold the rental car brand to General Motors Corporation in 1926. GM purchased the rest of Yellow Truck and Coach Manufacturing Company in 1943. Under the ownership of General Motors, the company released the first rental car charge card in 1926, opened its first rental car location at Chicago's Midway Airport in 1932, and introduced the first one-way rental plan in 1933. Hertz Drive-Ur-Self System expanded services to Canada in 1938 and Europe (France) in 1950. | founded by | 32,903 | 97,295 |
[
"Hertz Global Holdings",
"owned by",
"Rental Car Intermediate Holdings"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Hertz Global Holdings<\e1> and <e2>Rental Car Intermediate Holdings<\e2>.
| owned by | 32,091 | 97,296 |
[
"Hertz Global Holdings",
"founded by",
"John D. Hertz"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Hertz Global Holdings<\e1> and <e2>John D. Hertz<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 97,298 |
[
"Advantage Rent a Car",
"owned by",
"The Hertz Corporation"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Advantage Rent a Car<\e1> and <e2>The Hertz Corporation<\e2>.
Bankruptcy and acquisition by Hertz
In December 2008, Advantage filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection, and closed about 40% of its U.S. retail locations, citing "a simultaneous drop in leisure travel, with greatly increased costs, and frozen credit markets" (presumably an effect of the financial crisis of 2007–2008). 440 workers, or almost half its workforce, were laid off at the time. Advantage was at that point privately held by disgraced Minnesota auto dealership mogul Denny Hecker (who is currently serving a 10-year prison sentence).On March 31, 2009, the assets of Advantage were purchased by The Hertz Corporation for $33 million, which outbid Enterprise Rent-a-Car in Minnesota bankruptcy court. The purchase included the Advantage logo and website. Hertz stated its intentions after Enterprise had announced it would acquire the assets. The Advantage website was modified to match (or closely mirror) some design and operational aspects of the Hertz website. By fall 2009, Hertz had rebranded its "Simply Wheelz" economy sub-brand with the acquired Advantage trademark properties, and had largely withdrawn the service.
Hertz described its plans to use Advantage for "... further expansion into the price-oriented travel demographic", "... providing Hertz a second brand to sell to corporate accounts and to market with key travel partners" and "... extending the useful life of vehicles in Hertz's rental fleet for Advantage's fleet needs".On November 5, 2013, Advantage announced filed for bankruptcy. As of October 25, 2013 "Simply Wheelz" sold 5,295 vehicles through auctions with an average loss of about $1,633 per vehicle, which resulted in a total loss of about $8.6 million. | owned by | 32,905 | 97,300 |
[
"Lord & Taylor",
"owned by",
"Hudson's Bay Company"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Lord & Taylor<\e1> and <e2>Hudson's Bay Company<\e2>.
| owned by | 32,091 | 97,303 |
[
"Laura Ashley (company)",
"founded by",
"Laura Ashley"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Laura Ashley (company)<\e1> and <e2>Laura Ashley<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 97,306 |
[
"Gold's Gym",
"founded by",
"Joe Gold"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Gold's Gym<\e1> and <e2>Joe Gold<\e2>.
Corporate history
Joe Gold opened the first Gold's Gym in August 1965, in Venice Beach, California, long before the modern day health club existed. Featuring homemade equipment and dubbed "the Mecca of bodybuilding", it was frequented by Arnold Schwarzenegger and Dave Draper. | founded by | 32,909 | 97,309 |
[
"Gold's Gym",
"owned by",
"McFit"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Gold's Gym<\e1> and <e2>McFit<\e2>.
2020 bankruptcy
On May 4, 2020, GGI Holdings, LLC (Gold's Gym) and 14 affiliated debtors filed Chapter 11 bankruptcy in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas. The debtors have requested joint administration of the cases under Case No. 20-31318. Like nearly all businesses, Gold's was required to temporarily close its US locations in March 2020 amid the COVID-19 pandemic. In April of the same year Gold's said that it would permanently close 30 of its locations. They said their filing for bankruptcy would only affect company-owned locations and set a reemergence goal for August 2020. The company owns about 10 percent of the nearly 700 worldwide locations.In August 2020, Gold's was acquired by Rainer Schaller's RSG Group GmbH, which also owns the European McFit fitness chain. | owned by | 32,908 | 97,310 |
[
"24 Hour Fitness",
"owned by",
"AEA Investors"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>24 Hour Fitness<\e1> and <e2>AEA Investors<\e2>.
| owned by | 32,091 | 97,312 |
[
"24 Hour Fitness",
"founded by",
"Mark Mastrov"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>24 Hour Fitness<\e1> and <e2>Mark Mastrov<\e2>.
24 Hour Fitness is a privately owned and operated fitness center chain headquartered in Carlsbad, California. It is the second largest fitness chain in the United States based on revenue after LA Fitness, and the fourth in number of clubs (behind LA Fitness, Anytime Fitness & Gold's Gym), operating 287 clubs across 11 U.S. states. The company was originally founded by Mark S. Mastrov and was sold to Forstmann Little & Co in 2005, and then to AEA investors and Ontario Teachers Pension Plan in 2014.
After COVID-19 forced gym closures and ravaged the fitness industry in 2020, the company filed for bankruptcy in June 2020, closed over 100 clubs, and successfully emerged from bankruptcy under new owners Sculptor Capital Investments LLC, Monarch Alternative Capital LP and Cyrus Capital Partners LP in December, 2020.Despite the chain's name, many of the gyms are not open 24 hours a day.History
Early history and founding
24 Hour Fitness was founded in 1983 by Mark Mastrov. Mastrov had been using a local gym for rehab after a knee injury, and turned the gym into a 24-hour nautilus facility after buying out the owner. The company was originally named "24 Hour Nautilus", but merged with southern California based company "Family Fitness" in 1996, which resulted in both brands emerging as "24 Hour Fitness" | founded by | 32,910 | 97,313 |
[
"Turin National University Library",
"founded by",
"Victor Amadeus II of Savoy"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Turin National University Library<\e1> and <e2>Victor Amadeus II of Savoy<\e2>.
The National University Library (Biblioteca nazionale universitaria in Italian) in Turin, Italy, is one of the country's main libraries.
It was founded in 1720 as the Royal University Library by Victor Amadeus II, who unified collections from the library of the University of Turin and from the library of the Dukes of Savoy. It was renamed as the National Library in 1872, after Italian unification.
In 1904 a fire destroyed thousands of books and manuscripts from the library. Expertise gained from recovering from the fire was used to train restorers like Erminia Cuadana.The library was also bombed in December 1942.At present time it owns over 763,833 books, 1,095 periodicals and 1,600 incunabula. | founded by | 32,911 | 97,317 |
[
"Royal Armoury of Madrid",
"founded by",
"Philip II of Spain"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Royal Armoury of Madrid<\e1> and <e2>Philip II of Spain<\e2>.
Former building
This building that is currently known as "Antigua Real Armería de Felipe II" was chosen, apparently, in 1553, to provide the Alcázar of a new Stables. Its conception was probably due to Philip II himself, judging by a sketch he made that is preserved in the Archivo General de Simancas.
This former armoury was located in the complex of the Royal Stables of the Alcázar of the Habsburgs, built by the master builder Gaspar de Vega between 1556 and 1564 at the behest of King Philip II. When works were completed, the king commanded that the Armoury be moved to the wing of the Stables that was in front of the main facade of the Alcázar. | founded by | 32,912 | 97,322 |
[
"Royal Armoury of Madrid",
"owned by",
"Patrimonio Nacional"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Royal Armoury of Madrid<\e1> and <e2>Patrimonio Nacional<\e2>.
| owned by | 32,091 | 97,325 |
[
"California Pizza Kitchen",
"owned by",
"Golden Gate Capital"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>California Pizza Kitchen<\e1> and <e2>Golden Gate Capital<\e2>.
History
In 1985, Flax and Rosenfield pooled $200,000 in bank loans and savings along with $350,000 invested from friends to lease space on Beverly Drive in Beverly Hills, California. The first menu, including the famous BBQ Chicken Pizza, was developed by Ed LaDou, then the pizza chef at Wolfgang Puck's Spago restaurant. CPK became an immediate success, and the company expanded throughout Southern California. By 1992, there were 26 CPKs.Flax and Rosenfield served as co-CEO and co-Chairmen of CPK from 1985 through to 1996.In 1992, PepsiCo paid nearly $100 million for 67% of the chain, with Flax and Rosenfield each receiving $17.5 million. At the time, this was thought to be more than CPK was worth, and PepsiCo pushed to expand faster. CPK opened 15 stores in 1993, and then 28 more in the following year. This rapid expansion plan was a disaster. PepsiCo had invested tens of millions of dollars and quickly slowed expansion, and moved to cut costs. PepsiCo executives had started cutting corners by replacing fresh ingredients with frozen vegetables and cheese, a change Flax and Rosenfield later reversed.In 1997, the private equity firm Bruckmann, Rosser, Sherrill & Company bought out PepsiCo's two-thirds stake with the intention of taking CPK public in 2000, pushing for expansion to resume. Veteran restaurant executive Fred Hipp was hired to run CPK with an aggressive expansion plan, including 18 new stores in 2002, 22 in 2003, and 28 in 2004. The expansion was to be carried out by former Brinker International Vice President Tom Jenneman, under the title of chief development officer. Flax and Rosenfield remained on the board, but had no day-to-day control.In early 2003, CPK reported a 16% increase in profits, with Hipp telling analysts that CPK was in excellent financial condition. In a March 25, 2003, press release, CPK cut its first-quarter earnings estimates, which were not consistent with the forecast made just a few weeks earlier. Rosenfield investigated the numbers and discovered the positive earnings numbers Hipp had been touting were masking difficult quarters ahead. An emergency board meeting was called, Hipp and Jenneman were fired, and Flax and Rosenfield resumed control of CPK.Flax and Rosenfield served as co-CEO and co-chairmen of CPK from 2003 to 2011. In 2011, CPK was acquired by an affiliate of private equity firm Golden Gate Capital, and G. J. Hart was named president, chief executive officer, and executive chairman.In 2013, CPK started serving Gluten Intolerance Group (GIG) certified gluten-free pizzas, available across all CPK locations, excluding franchise locations.In 2014, CPK started rolling out their "Next Chapter" locations, with modernized interiors and updated menus.In 2018, CPK added Cauliflower Pizza Crust to its menu nationwide.In July 2020, CPK filed for bankruptcy due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Owner Golden Gate Capital LP had acquired the company in 2011 and lost 100% of its investment. In October 2020, the sale of the company's assets was cancelled because no party submitted a qualified bid by the sale deadline. The company emerged from bankruptcy in November 2020, with significantly less debt, and hired a new CFO, Judd Tirnauer. In mid-2021, it reportedly hired advisors to refinance its remaining $177 million debt, which would put it in a better position for either a sale or an IPO. | owned by | 32,914 | 97,329 |
[
"J.Crew",
"owned by",
"TPG"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>J.Crew<\e1> and <e2>TPG<\e2>.
Name change and first stores
In 1983, Popular Merchandise, Inc. became known as J.Crew, Inc. The company attempted, but failed to sell the Popular Club Plan brand. Also in 1989, J.Crew opened its first retail store, in South Street Seaport in downtown Manhattan.J.Crew Group was owned by the Cinader family for most of its existence, but in October 1997 investment firm Texas Pacific Group Inc. purchased a majority stake. By the year 2000, Texas Pacific held an approximate 62 percent stake, a group of J.Crew managers held about 10 percent, and Emily Cinader Woods, the chairman of J.Crew, along with her father, Arthur Cinader, held most of the remainder. The brand Clifford & Wills was sold to Spiegel. in 2000 with the intent to boost sales. In 2004, J.Crew bought the rights to the brand Madewell, a defunct workwear manufacturer founded in 1937, and used the name from 2006 onwards as "a modern-day interpretation", targeted at younger women than their main brand. | owned by | 32,915 | 97,331 |
[
"Carluccio's Ltd",
"founded by",
"Antonio Carluccio"
]
| Find the relation between <e1>Carluccio's Ltd<\e1> and <e2>Antonio Carluccio<\e2>.
| founded by | 32,091 | 97,341 |
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