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[
"Charles Léon",
"place of burial",
"Pontoise"
] |
Charles Léon Denuelle de la Plaigne, Count Léon (13 December 1806 – 14 April 1881) was an illegitimate son of Emperor Napoleon of France and Napoleon's mistress Louise Catherine Eléonore Denuelle de la Plaigne. Brought up in France, Léon began a military career in Saint-Denis where he was head of a battalion of the national guard.
Admirative of his father, he tried to keep the memory of the First Empire alive by organizing several commemorations. After the fall of his cousin Napoleon III and of the Second Empire, Léon retired in Pontoise, France, and died in poverty.Biography
Charles Léon Denuelle de la Plaigne was born on 13 December 1806 at No. 29, Rue de la Victoire, 9th arrondissement of Paris, Paris, France, to Napoleon and Napoleon's sister Caroline Murat's maid, Louise Catherine Eléonore Denuelle de la Plaigne. Napoleon chose his second name of Léon. He was Napoleon's first son, but was entrusted to a tutor and initially brought up in ignorance of his heritage. Napoleon had thought for a long time that he was sterile because his wife Joséphine de Beauharnais, who already had two children from a previous marriage, failed to get pregnant. Léon's birth was of "undeniable political importance" since it showed it was not Napoleon who was sterile. Napoleon considered adopting Léon, but realized his other illegitimate children would have claim to the crown and therefore abandoned the idea. Although he did not legitimize Léon, Napoleon acknowledged Léon as his son and gave him a pension of 3,000 pounds a year and rights to the profits on wood sold from Moselle.Léon – short for Napoleon – was raised away from the imperial court, but always under his father's protection. The Emperor made him an heir in his will, and gave him the title of count.In 1832, Léon shot an orderly of the Duke of Wellington's, Charles Hesse, in a duel over losing 16,000 francs to Hesse in a card game. Writer Gareth Glover stated Léon was "completely unmanageable" in adulthood and became a "hardened gambler", having to go to debtor's prison twice. Biographer Andrew Roberts wrote he was an "argumentative drunken wastrel".He married Françoise Fanny Jouet, with whom he had four children live past infancy (sons Charles, Gaston and Fernand; and daughter Charlotte). He died "poverty-stricken" on 14 April 1881. He is buried in a mass grave in Pontoise, Paris, France.Léon’s daughter Charlotte Mesnard, who was interviewed in 1921 at the age of 55, said her father had a striking resemblance to Napoleon. She also said that two of Léon's sons and her own son were killed in the First World War. Comte Charles Léon, Léon's great-grandson, died in 1994.
|
place of burial
| 58 |
[
"final resting place",
"burial site",
"last resting place",
"grave site",
"interment location"
] | null | null |
[
"Charles Léon",
"place of death",
"Pontoise"
] |
Charles Léon Denuelle de la Plaigne, Count Léon (13 December 1806 – 14 April 1881) was an illegitimate son of Emperor Napoleon of France and Napoleon's mistress Louise Catherine Eléonore Denuelle de la Plaigne. Brought up in France, Léon began a military career in Saint-Denis where he was head of a battalion of the national guard.
Admirative of his father, he tried to keep the memory of the First Empire alive by organizing several commemorations. After the fall of his cousin Napoleon III and of the Second Empire, Léon retired in Pontoise, France, and died in poverty.Biography
Charles Léon Denuelle de la Plaigne was born on 13 December 1806 at No. 29, Rue de la Victoire, 9th arrondissement of Paris, Paris, France, to Napoleon and Napoleon's sister Caroline Murat's maid, Louise Catherine Eléonore Denuelle de la Plaigne. Napoleon chose his second name of Léon. He was Napoleon's first son, but was entrusted to a tutor and initially brought up in ignorance of his heritage. Napoleon had thought for a long time that he was sterile because his wife Joséphine de Beauharnais, who already had two children from a previous marriage, failed to get pregnant. Léon's birth was of "undeniable political importance" since it showed it was not Napoleon who was sterile. Napoleon considered adopting Léon, but realized his other illegitimate children would have claim to the crown and therefore abandoned the idea. Although he did not legitimize Léon, Napoleon acknowledged Léon as his son and gave him a pension of 3,000 pounds a year and rights to the profits on wood sold from Moselle.Léon – short for Napoleon – was raised away from the imperial court, but always under his father's protection. The Emperor made him an heir in his will, and gave him the title of count.In 1832, Léon shot an orderly of the Duke of Wellington's, Charles Hesse, in a duel over losing 16,000 francs to Hesse in a card game. Writer Gareth Glover stated Léon was "completely unmanageable" in adulthood and became a "hardened gambler", having to go to debtor's prison twice. Biographer Andrew Roberts wrote he was an "argumentative drunken wastrel".He married Françoise Fanny Jouet, with whom he had four children live past infancy (sons Charles, Gaston and Fernand; and daughter Charlotte). He died "poverty-stricken" on 14 April 1881. He is buried in a mass grave in Pontoise, Paris, France.Léon’s daughter Charlotte Mesnard, who was interviewed in 1921 at the age of 55, said her father had a striking resemblance to Napoleon. She also said that two of Léon's sons and her own son were killed in the First World War. Comte Charles Léon, Léon's great-grandson, died in 1994.
|
place of death
| 45 |
[
"location of death",
"death place",
"place where they died",
"place of passing",
"final resting place"
] | null | null |
[
"Charles Hugo (writer)",
"father",
"Victor Hugo"
] |
Charles-Victor Hugo (4 November 1826 – 13 March 1871) was a French journalist, photographer, the second son of French novelist Victor Hugo and his wife Adèle Foucher.Life and work
When Charles took up the fight against capital punishment in 1851 and found himself dismissed by the courts, he was jailed for 6 months for an article in L'Evénement. His father Victor Hugo gave a memorable speech in his defence on 10 June 1851.When Louis-Napoleon came into power in 1851, Charles-Victor joined his father in voluntary exile in the island of Jersey, together with August Vacquerie he photographed family and friends, intending to publish a volume titled Jersey et les îles de la Manche, with poetry and drawings by Victor-Marie, prose by Vacquerie, Charles-Victor, and his brother, François.
In 1868 he started along with his brother François-Victor the newspaper Le Rappel.
He died of a stroke while on his way to meet his father for dinner.
Appalling misfortune. Charles died this evening, 13th. Sudden stroke of apoplexy
|
father
| 57 |
[
"dad",
"daddy",
"papa",
"pop",
"sire"
] | null | null |
[
"Adèle Hugo",
"place of birth",
"Paris"
] |
Adèle Hugo (24 August 1830 – 21 April 1915) was the fifth and youngest child of French writer Victor Hugo. She is remembered for developing schizophrenia as a young woman, which led to a romantic obsession with a British military officer who rejected her. Her story has been retold in film and books, such as François Truffaut's 1975 film The Story of Adèle H.Childhood
Adèle Hugo was raised in a cultured, affluent home in Paris, the youngest child of Adèle (née Foucher) and Victor Hugo, France's most famous writer. Adèle enjoyed playing the piano, and was known for her beauty and long dark hair. She sat for portraits by several well-known Parisian artists. In 1852, the Hugo family moved to the island of Jersey after Victor Hugo was forced into political exile. The Hugos remained on the Channel Islands until 1870. In Jersey, Adèle met Albert Pinson, the object of her obsession.
|
place of birth
| 42 |
[
"birthplace",
"place of origin",
"native place",
"homeland",
"birth city"
] | null | null |
[
"Adèle Hugo",
"sibling",
"François-Victor Hugo"
] |
Adèle Hugo (24 August 1830 – 21 April 1915) was the fifth and youngest child of French writer Victor Hugo. She is remembered for developing schizophrenia as a young woman, which led to a romantic obsession with a British military officer who rejected her. Her story has been retold in film and books, such as François Truffaut's 1975 film The Story of Adèle H.Childhood
Adèle Hugo was raised in a cultured, affluent home in Paris, the youngest child of Adèle (née Foucher) and Victor Hugo, France's most famous writer. Adèle enjoyed playing the piano, and was known for her beauty and long dark hair. She sat for portraits by several well-known Parisian artists. In 1852, the Hugo family moved to the island of Jersey after Victor Hugo was forced into political exile. The Hugos remained on the Channel Islands until 1870. In Jersey, Adèle met Albert Pinson, the object of her obsession.Illness and pursuit of Albert Pinson
Signs of mental illness became apparent in Adèle in 1856.
Adèle had several offers of marriage and romantic infatuations, by the time she met and become romantically involved with British army officer Albert Andrew ("Bertie") Pinson in 1854. She was almost 24 and he was approximately two years her junior. He proposed marriage to Adèle in 1855, but she rejected him. Adèle later had a change of heart, wanting to reconcile with Pinson, but he refused to be involved any further with her. Pinson continued his military career, being sent to the Sixteenth Foot Regiment in Bedfordshire in 1856, where he seldom saw Adèle. Pinson then went to Ireland in 1858, upon promotion to lieutenant, where he was stationed until 1861.
Despite Pinson's rejection, she continued pursuing him. Pinson developed a reputation for living a "life of debauchery." Adèle followed him when he was stationed to Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada in 1863. Adèle's family worried for her well-being, and tried to track her whereabouts by letters: Contemporary reports, given by those who may have had some contact with Adèle or who knew her personally, came from her lawyers Mr. Motton and Mr. Lenoir, her neighbors, the local sheriff, and the owner of a bookstore from whom she purchased writing supplies (Guille 132). It is from the document provided by the families with whom Adèle lived, the Saunders and the Mottons, that we have the greatest detail concerning her life during this three-year period. Mrs. Saunders' faithful correspondence with François-Victor in particular, permitted the Hugo family to be kept abreast of Adèle's health, activities and visitors. Their correspondence spans not only the time during which Adèle was a lodger in the Saunders' home, but the time leading up to her departure from Halifax in December of 1866 when she resided with the Motton family two miles outside of town (Guille 100).
In 1866, Pinson was stationed to Barbados, the British colonial centre in the Caribbean region; Adèle again followed him. In 1869, Pinson permanently separated from Adèle when he left Barbados as the 16th was sent to Dublin. There he met and married Catherine Edith Roxburgh in 1870, a well-off daughter of British Lieutenant-Colonel James Roxburgh.Adèle did not find her way back to France until 1872 at the age of 41. In the interim, the Hugo family was unable to track her activities.
An account of Adèle's wretched situation in Barbados was given by Cathonoy, the head of the Catholic mission in Trinidad, in a letter dated 8 September 1885. He relates an incident where he met a Barbadian woman of African descent, named Madame Céline Alvarez Baa, who requested that a mass be said for Victor Hugo after news of the author's death. Curious to know the reason for Madame Baa's interest in Victor Hugo, Cathonoy asked questions, and learned that Madame Baa had given Adèle shelter when she was abandoned on Barbados, where she was known as "Madame Pinson". Adèle had been found wandering the streets, talking to herself, detached from her surroundings. Madame Baa had taken the initiative to take Adèle to her family in Paris; Adèle was then left in medical care and a grateful Victor Hugo had reimbursed Madame Baa for her expenses. An account similar to Cathonoy's, was also given in an anonymous letter to the editor published by the New-York Tribune on 27 May 1885.Much of what is known about Adèle's life and her pursuit of Pinson comes from her diaries and letters. Adèle kept a journal while she lived on Jersey and Guernsey, which she titled Journal de l'Exil (Diary of the Exile). She stopped keeping a diary by the time she landed in Barbados, due to her mental deterioration.
|
sibling
| 37 |
[
"brother or sister",
"kin"
] | null | null |
[
"Adèle Hugo",
"sibling",
"Léopoldine Hugo"
] |
Adèle Hugo (24 August 1830 – 21 April 1915) was the fifth and youngest child of French writer Victor Hugo. She is remembered for developing schizophrenia as a young woman, which led to a romantic obsession with a British military officer who rejected her. Her story has been retold in film and books, such as François Truffaut's 1975 film The Story of Adèle H.
|
sibling
| 37 |
[
"brother or sister",
"kin"
] | null | null |
[
"Adèle Hugo",
"country of citizenship",
"France"
] |
Adèle Hugo (24 August 1830 – 21 April 1915) was the fifth and youngest child of French writer Victor Hugo. She is remembered for developing schizophrenia as a young woman, which led to a romantic obsession with a British military officer who rejected her. Her story has been retold in film and books, such as François Truffaut's 1975 film The Story of Adèle H.Childhood
Adèle Hugo was raised in a cultured, affluent home in Paris, the youngest child of Adèle (née Foucher) and Victor Hugo, France's most famous writer. Adèle enjoyed playing the piano, and was known for her beauty and long dark hair. She sat for portraits by several well-known Parisian artists. In 1852, the Hugo family moved to the island of Jersey after Victor Hugo was forced into political exile. The Hugos remained on the Channel Islands until 1870. In Jersey, Adèle met Albert Pinson, the object of her obsession.
|
country of citizenship
| 63 |
[
"citizenship country",
"place of citizenship",
"country of origin",
"citizenship nation",
"country of citizenship status"
] | null | null |
[
"Adèle Hugo",
"father",
"Victor Hugo"
] |
Adèle Hugo (24 August 1830 – 21 April 1915) was the fifth and youngest child of French writer Victor Hugo. She is remembered for developing schizophrenia as a young woman, which led to a romantic obsession with a British military officer who rejected her. Her story has been retold in film and books, such as François Truffaut's 1975 film The Story of Adèle H.Childhood
Adèle Hugo was raised in a cultured, affluent home in Paris, the youngest child of Adèle (née Foucher) and Victor Hugo, France's most famous writer. Adèle enjoyed playing the piano, and was known for her beauty and long dark hair. She sat for portraits by several well-known Parisian artists. In 1852, the Hugo family moved to the island of Jersey after Victor Hugo was forced into political exile. The Hugos remained on the Channel Islands until 1870. In Jersey, Adèle met Albert Pinson, the object of her obsession.
|
father
| 57 |
[
"dad",
"daddy",
"papa",
"pop",
"sire"
] | null | null |
[
"Adèle Hugo",
"mother",
"Adèle Foucher"
] |
Childhood
Adèle Hugo was raised in a cultured, affluent home in Paris, the youngest child of Adèle (née Foucher) and Victor Hugo, France's most famous writer. Adèle enjoyed playing the piano, and was known for her beauty and long dark hair. She sat for portraits by several well-known Parisian artists. In 1852, the Hugo family moved to the island of Jersey after Victor Hugo was forced into political exile. The Hugos remained on the Channel Islands until 1870. In Jersey, Adèle met Albert Pinson, the object of her obsession.
|
mother
| 52 |
[
"mom",
"mommy",
"mum",
"mama",
"parent"
] | null | null |
[
"Adèle Hugo",
"family name",
"Hugo"
] |
Adèle Hugo (24 August 1830 – 21 April 1915) was the fifth and youngest child of French writer Victor Hugo. She is remembered for developing schizophrenia as a young woman, which led to a romantic obsession with a British military officer who rejected her. Her story has been retold in film and books, such as François Truffaut's 1975 film The Story of Adèle H.Childhood
Adèle Hugo was raised in a cultured, affluent home in Paris, the youngest child of Adèle (née Foucher) and Victor Hugo, France's most famous writer. Adèle enjoyed playing the piano, and was known for her beauty and long dark hair. She sat for portraits by several well-known Parisian artists. In 1852, the Hugo family moved to the island of Jersey after Victor Hugo was forced into political exile. The Hugos remained on the Channel Islands until 1870. In Jersey, Adèle met Albert Pinson, the object of her obsession.Illness and pursuit of Albert Pinson
Signs of mental illness became apparent in Adèle in 1856.
Adèle had several offers of marriage and romantic infatuations, by the time she met and become romantically involved with British army officer Albert Andrew ("Bertie") Pinson in 1854. She was almost 24 and he was approximately two years her junior. He proposed marriage to Adèle in 1855, but she rejected him. Adèle later had a change of heart, wanting to reconcile with Pinson, but he refused to be involved any further with her. Pinson continued his military career, being sent to the Sixteenth Foot Regiment in Bedfordshire in 1856, where he seldom saw Adèle. Pinson then went to Ireland in 1858, upon promotion to lieutenant, where he was stationed until 1861.
Despite Pinson's rejection, she continued pursuing him. Pinson developed a reputation for living a "life of debauchery." Adèle followed him when he was stationed to Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada in 1863. Adèle's family worried for her well-being, and tried to track her whereabouts by letters: Contemporary reports, given by those who may have had some contact with Adèle or who knew her personally, came from her lawyers Mr. Motton and Mr. Lenoir, her neighbors, the local sheriff, and the owner of a bookstore from whom she purchased writing supplies (Guille 132). It is from the document provided by the families with whom Adèle lived, the Saunders and the Mottons, that we have the greatest detail concerning her life during this three-year period. Mrs. Saunders' faithful correspondence with François-Victor in particular, permitted the Hugo family to be kept abreast of Adèle's health, activities and visitors. Their correspondence spans not only the time during which Adèle was a lodger in the Saunders' home, but the time leading up to her departure from Halifax in December of 1866 when she resided with the Motton family two miles outside of town (Guille 100).
In 1866, Pinson was stationed to Barbados, the British colonial centre in the Caribbean region; Adèle again followed him. In 1869, Pinson permanently separated from Adèle when he left Barbados as the 16th was sent to Dublin. There he met and married Catherine Edith Roxburgh in 1870, a well-off daughter of British Lieutenant-Colonel James Roxburgh.Adèle did not find her way back to France until 1872 at the age of 41. In the interim, the Hugo family was unable to track her activities.
An account of Adèle's wretched situation in Barbados was given by Cathonoy, the head of the Catholic mission in Trinidad, in a letter dated 8 September 1885. He relates an incident where he met a Barbadian woman of African descent, named Madame Céline Alvarez Baa, who requested that a mass be said for Victor Hugo after news of the author's death. Curious to know the reason for Madame Baa's interest in Victor Hugo, Cathonoy asked questions, and learned that Madame Baa had given Adèle shelter when she was abandoned on Barbados, where she was known as "Madame Pinson". Adèle had been found wandering the streets, talking to herself, detached from her surroundings. Madame Baa had taken the initiative to take Adèle to her family in Paris; Adèle was then left in medical care and a grateful Victor Hugo had reimbursed Madame Baa for her expenses. An account similar to Cathonoy's, was also given in an anonymous letter to the editor published by the New-York Tribune on 27 May 1885.Much of what is known about Adèle's life and her pursuit of Pinson comes from her diaries and letters. Adèle kept a journal while she lived on Jersey and Guernsey, which she titled Journal de l'Exil (Diary of the Exile). She stopped keeping a diary by the time she landed in Barbados, due to her mental deterioration.
|
family name
| 54 |
[
"surname",
"last name",
"patronymic",
"family surname",
"clan name"
] | null | null |
[
"Adèle Hugo",
"given name",
"Adèle"
] |
Adèle Hugo (24 August 1830 – 21 April 1915) was the fifth and youngest child of French writer Victor Hugo. She is remembered for developing schizophrenia as a young woman, which led to a romantic obsession with a British military officer who rejected her. Her story has been retold in film and books, such as François Truffaut's 1975 film The Story of Adèle H.Childhood
Adèle Hugo was raised in a cultured, affluent home in Paris, the youngest child of Adèle (née Foucher) and Victor Hugo, France's most famous writer. Adèle enjoyed playing the piano, and was known for her beauty and long dark hair. She sat for portraits by several well-known Parisian artists. In 1852, the Hugo family moved to the island of Jersey after Victor Hugo was forced into political exile. The Hugos remained on the Channel Islands until 1870. In Jersey, Adèle met Albert Pinson, the object of her obsession.Illness and pursuit of Albert Pinson
Signs of mental illness became apparent in Adèle in 1856.
Adèle had several offers of marriage and romantic infatuations, by the time she met and become romantically involved with British army officer Albert Andrew ("Bertie") Pinson in 1854. She was almost 24 and he was approximately two years her junior. He proposed marriage to Adèle in 1855, but she rejected him. Adèle later had a change of heart, wanting to reconcile with Pinson, but he refused to be involved any further with her. Pinson continued his military career, being sent to the Sixteenth Foot Regiment in Bedfordshire in 1856, where he seldom saw Adèle. Pinson then went to Ireland in 1858, upon promotion to lieutenant, where he was stationed until 1861.
Despite Pinson's rejection, she continued pursuing him. Pinson developed a reputation for living a "life of debauchery." Adèle followed him when he was stationed to Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada in 1863. Adèle's family worried for her well-being, and tried to track her whereabouts by letters: Contemporary reports, given by those who may have had some contact with Adèle or who knew her personally, came from her lawyers Mr. Motton and Mr. Lenoir, her neighbors, the local sheriff, and the owner of a bookstore from whom she purchased writing supplies (Guille 132). It is from the document provided by the families with whom Adèle lived, the Saunders and the Mottons, that we have the greatest detail concerning her life during this three-year period. Mrs. Saunders' faithful correspondence with François-Victor in particular, permitted the Hugo family to be kept abreast of Adèle's health, activities and visitors. Their correspondence spans not only the time during which Adèle was a lodger in the Saunders' home, but the time leading up to her departure from Halifax in December of 1866 when she resided with the Motton family two miles outside of town (Guille 100).
In 1866, Pinson was stationed to Barbados, the British colonial centre in the Caribbean region; Adèle again followed him. In 1869, Pinson permanently separated from Adèle when he left Barbados as the 16th was sent to Dublin. There he met and married Catherine Edith Roxburgh in 1870, a well-off daughter of British Lieutenant-Colonel James Roxburgh.Adèle did not find her way back to France until 1872 at the age of 41. In the interim, the Hugo family was unable to track her activities.
An account of Adèle's wretched situation in Barbados was given by Cathonoy, the head of the Catholic mission in Trinidad, in a letter dated 8 September 1885. He relates an incident where he met a Barbadian woman of African descent, named Madame Céline Alvarez Baa, who requested that a mass be said for Victor Hugo after news of the author's death. Curious to know the reason for Madame Baa's interest in Victor Hugo, Cathonoy asked questions, and learned that Madame Baa had given Adèle shelter when she was abandoned on Barbados, where she was known as "Madame Pinson". Adèle had been found wandering the streets, talking to herself, detached from her surroundings. Madame Baa had taken the initiative to take Adèle to her family in Paris; Adèle was then left in medical care and a grateful Victor Hugo had reimbursed Madame Baa for her expenses. An account similar to Cathonoy's, was also given in an anonymous letter to the editor published by the New-York Tribune on 27 May 1885.Much of what is known about Adèle's life and her pursuit of Pinson comes from her diaries and letters. Adèle kept a journal while she lived on Jersey and Guernsey, which she titled Journal de l'Exil (Diary of the Exile). She stopped keeping a diary by the time she landed in Barbados, due to her mental deterioration.
|
given name
| 60 |
[
"first name",
"forename",
"given title",
"personal name"
] | null | null |
[
"Léopoldine Hugo",
"place of birth",
"Paris"
] |
Léopoldine Cécile Marie-Pierre Catherine Hugo (28 August 1824 – 4 September 1843) was the eldest daughter of Victor Hugo and Adèle Foucher.Early life
Léopoldine was born in Paris, the second of five children and eldest daughter of Victor Hugo and Adèle Foucher. She was named after her paternal grandfather, Joseph Léopold Sigisbert Hugo, as was her late brother, Léopold, who died in infancy.
Despite her father's growing anti-clerical views, Léopoldine grew up as a devout Catholic. Her first communion, which took place in September 1836, was a grand affair. Auguste de Châtillon painted a portrait of her for the day, and the mass was attended by Théophile Gautier, Alexandre Dumas, and members of the Hugo family. A banquet was held at her family's Paris residence afterward.Léopoldine had many suitors for marriage including her future husband, Charles Vacquerie, whom she met while on holiday in 1839.
|
place of birth
| 42 |
[
"birthplace",
"place of origin",
"native place",
"homeland",
"birth city"
] | null | null |
[
"Léopoldine Hugo",
"sibling",
"François-Victor Hugo"
] |
Léopoldine Cécile Marie-Pierre Catherine Hugo (28 August 1824 – 4 September 1843) was the eldest daughter of Victor Hugo and Adèle Foucher.
|
sibling
| 37 |
[
"brother or sister",
"kin"
] | null | null |
[
"Léopoldine Hugo",
"family name",
"Hugo"
] |
Léopoldine Cécile Marie-Pierre Catherine Hugo (28 August 1824 – 4 September 1843) was the eldest daughter of Victor Hugo and Adèle Foucher.Early life
Léopoldine was born in Paris, the second of five children and eldest daughter of Victor Hugo and Adèle Foucher. She was named after her paternal grandfather, Joseph Léopold Sigisbert Hugo, as was her late brother, Léopold, who died in infancy.
Despite her father's growing anti-clerical views, Léopoldine grew up as a devout Catholic. Her first communion, which took place in September 1836, was a grand affair. Auguste de Châtillon painted a portrait of her for the day, and the mass was attended by Théophile Gautier, Alexandre Dumas, and members of the Hugo family. A banquet was held at her family's Paris residence afterward.Léopoldine had many suitors for marriage including her future husband, Charles Vacquerie, whom she met while on holiday in 1839.
|
family name
| 54 |
[
"surname",
"last name",
"patronymic",
"family surname",
"clan name"
] | null | null |
[
"Léopoldine Hugo",
"given name",
"Léopoldine"
] |
Léopoldine Cécile Marie-Pierre Catherine Hugo (28 August 1824 – 4 September 1843) was the eldest daughter of Victor Hugo and Adèle Foucher.Early life
Léopoldine was born in Paris, the second of five children and eldest daughter of Victor Hugo and Adèle Foucher. She was named after her paternal grandfather, Joseph Léopold Sigisbert Hugo, as was her late brother, Léopold, who died in infancy.
Despite her father's growing anti-clerical views, Léopoldine grew up as a devout Catholic. Her first communion, which took place in September 1836, was a grand affair. Auguste de Châtillon painted a portrait of her for the day, and the mass was attended by Théophile Gautier, Alexandre Dumas, and members of the Hugo family. A banquet was held at her family's Paris residence afterward.Léopoldine had many suitors for marriage including her future husband, Charles Vacquerie, whom she met while on holiday in 1839.
|
given name
| 60 |
[
"first name",
"forename",
"given title",
"personal name"
] | null | null |
[
"Léopoldine Hugo",
"father",
"Victor Hugo"
] |
Léopoldine Cécile Marie-Pierre Catherine Hugo (28 August 1824 – 4 September 1843) was the eldest daughter of Victor Hugo and Adèle Foucher.Early life
Léopoldine was born in Paris, the second of five children and eldest daughter of Victor Hugo and Adèle Foucher. She was named after her paternal grandfather, Joseph Léopold Sigisbert Hugo, as was her late brother, Léopold, who died in infancy.
Despite her father's growing anti-clerical views, Léopoldine grew up as a devout Catholic. Her first communion, which took place in September 1836, was a grand affair. Auguste de Châtillon painted a portrait of her for the day, and the mass was attended by Théophile Gautier, Alexandre Dumas, and members of the Hugo family. A banquet was held at her family's Paris residence afterward.Léopoldine had many suitors for marriage including her future husband, Charles Vacquerie, whom she met while on holiday in 1839.Later life and death
She married Charles Vacquerie at Saint-Paul-Saint-Louis on 15 February 1843, but they both drowned together only a few months later, when their boat overturned on the Seine in Villequier on 4 September 1843. Nineteen years old and pregnant, she died when her wet, heavy skirts pulled her down, and her husband died trying to save her. This tragic event had a great impact on the work and personality of her father, Victor Hugo. He dedicated numerous poems to the memory of his daughter, notably Demain dès l'aube and À Villequier in Pauca Meae, the fourth book of Les Contemplations. Victor Hugo did not write for several years afterwards owing to the clinical depression he developed following Léopoldine's death.
|
father
| 57 |
[
"dad",
"daddy",
"papa",
"pop",
"sire"
] | null | null |
[
"Léopoldine Hugo",
"mother",
"Adèle Foucher"
] |
Léopoldine Cécile Marie-Pierre Catherine Hugo (28 August 1824 – 4 September 1843) was the eldest daughter of Victor Hugo and Adèle Foucher.Early life
Léopoldine was born in Paris, the second of five children and eldest daughter of Victor Hugo and Adèle Foucher. She was named after her paternal grandfather, Joseph Léopold Sigisbert Hugo, as was her late brother, Léopold, who died in infancy.
Despite her father's growing anti-clerical views, Léopoldine grew up as a devout Catholic. Her first communion, which took place in September 1836, was a grand affair. Auguste de Châtillon painted a portrait of her for the day, and the mass was attended by Théophile Gautier, Alexandre Dumas, and members of the Hugo family. A banquet was held at her family's Paris residence afterward.Léopoldine had many suitors for marriage including her future husband, Charles Vacquerie, whom she met while on holiday in 1839.
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mother
| 52 |
[
"mom",
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[
"Ricciotti Garibaldi",
"instance of",
"human"
] |
Ricciotti Garibaldi (24 February 1847 – 17 July 1924) was an Italian soldier, the fourth son of Giuseppe Garibaldi and Anita Garibaldi.Biography
Born in Montevideo, he was named in honour of Nicola Ricciotti who had been executed during the failed expedition of the Bandiera Brothers against the Kingdom of Naples. He spent much of his youth in Nice, Caprera and England.
In 1866, alongside his father, he took part in the Battle of Bezzecca (1866) and the Battle of Mentana (1867); in 1870, during his father's expedition in support to France during the Franco-Prussian War, he fought for the Army of the Vosges, during which he occupied Châtillon and, at Pouilly, during the Battle of Dijon, captured the sole Prussian flag lost during the war.
After a failed attempt to create market enterprises in America and Australia, he was a deputy in the Italian Parliament from 1887 to 1890. In the Turkish-Greek War in 1897, he fought with the Greek Army against the Ottomans with other Garibaldines.
Of his six sons, five including Peppino (Giuseppe II.,1879–1950) and Ezio Garibaldi were soldiers in World War I. Two of them died in the Argonne offensives: Bruno (1889-1914) and Costante (1892-1915). He also had a daughter, Anita, who died in 1962.
Ricciotti Garibaldi died in Riofreddo in 1924.
|
instance of
| 5 |
[
"type of",
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"representation of"
] | null | null |
[
"Ricciotti Garibaldi",
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"Greco-Turkish War (1897)"
] |
Biography
Born in Montevideo, he was named in honour of Nicola Ricciotti who had been executed during the failed expedition of the Bandiera Brothers against the Kingdom of Naples. He spent much of his youth in Nice, Caprera and England.
In 1866, alongside his father, he took part in the Battle of Bezzecca (1866) and the Battle of Mentana (1867); in 1870, during his father's expedition in support to France during the Franco-Prussian War, he fought for the Army of the Vosges, during which he occupied Châtillon and, at Pouilly, during the Battle of Dijon, captured the sole Prussian flag lost during the war.
After a failed attempt to create market enterprises in America and Australia, he was a deputy in the Italian Parliament from 1887 to 1890. In the Turkish-Greek War in 1897, he fought with the Greek Army against the Ottomans with other Garibaldines.
Of his six sons, five including Peppino (Giuseppe II.,1879–1950) and Ezio Garibaldi were soldiers in World War I. Two of them died in the Argonne offensives: Bruno (1889-1914) and Costante (1892-1915). He also had a daughter, Anita, who died in 1962.
Ricciotti Garibaldi died in Riofreddo in 1924.
|
conflict
| 28 |
[
"battle",
"warfare",
"struggle",
"fighting",
"combat"
] | null | null |
[
"Ricciotti Garibaldi",
"sibling",
"Menotti Garibaldi"
] |
Ricciotti Garibaldi (24 February 1847 – 17 July 1924) was an Italian soldier, the fourth son of Giuseppe Garibaldi and Anita Garibaldi.
|
sibling
| 37 |
[
"brother or sister",
"kin"
] | null | null |
[
"Ricciotti Garibaldi",
"father",
"Giuseppe Garibaldi"
] |
Ricciotti Garibaldi (24 February 1847 – 17 July 1924) was an Italian soldier, the fourth son of Giuseppe Garibaldi and Anita Garibaldi.Biography
Born in Montevideo, he was named in honour of Nicola Ricciotti who had been executed during the failed expedition of the Bandiera Brothers against the Kingdom of Naples. He spent much of his youth in Nice, Caprera and England.
In 1866, alongside his father, he took part in the Battle of Bezzecca (1866) and the Battle of Mentana (1867); in 1870, during his father's expedition in support to France during the Franco-Prussian War, he fought for the Army of the Vosges, during which he occupied Châtillon and, at Pouilly, during the Battle of Dijon, captured the sole Prussian flag lost during the war.
After a failed attempt to create market enterprises in America and Australia, he was a deputy in the Italian Parliament from 1887 to 1890. In the Turkish-Greek War in 1897, he fought with the Greek Army against the Ottomans with other Garibaldines.
Of his six sons, five including Peppino (Giuseppe II.,1879–1950) and Ezio Garibaldi were soldiers in World War I. Two of them died in the Argonne offensives: Bruno (1889-1914) and Costante (1892-1915). He also had a daughter, Anita, who died in 1962.
Ricciotti Garibaldi died in Riofreddo in 1924.
|
father
| 57 |
[
"dad",
"daddy",
"papa",
"pop",
"sire"
] | null | null |
[
"Ricciotti Garibaldi",
"given name",
"Ricciotti"
] |
Ricciotti Garibaldi (24 February 1847 – 17 July 1924) was an Italian soldier, the fourth son of Giuseppe Garibaldi and Anita Garibaldi.Biography
Born in Montevideo, he was named in honour of Nicola Ricciotti who had been executed during the failed expedition of the Bandiera Brothers against the Kingdom of Naples. He spent much of his youth in Nice, Caprera and England.
In 1866, alongside his father, he took part in the Battle of Bezzecca (1866) and the Battle of Mentana (1867); in 1870, during his father's expedition in support to France during the Franco-Prussian War, he fought for the Army of the Vosges, during which he occupied Châtillon and, at Pouilly, during the Battle of Dijon, captured the sole Prussian flag lost during the war.
After a failed attempt to create market enterprises in America and Australia, he was a deputy in the Italian Parliament from 1887 to 1890. In the Turkish-Greek War in 1897, he fought with the Greek Army against the Ottomans with other Garibaldines.
Of his six sons, five including Peppino (Giuseppe II.,1879–1950) and Ezio Garibaldi were soldiers in World War I. Two of them died in the Argonne offensives: Bruno (1889-1914) and Costante (1892-1915). He also had a daughter, Anita, who died in 1962.
Ricciotti Garibaldi died in Riofreddo in 1924.
|
given name
| 60 |
[
"first name",
"forename",
"given title",
"personal name"
] | null | null |
[
"Ricciotti Garibaldi",
"place of birth",
"Montevideo"
] |
Biography
Born in Montevideo, he was named in honour of Nicola Ricciotti who had been executed during the failed expedition of the Bandiera Brothers against the Kingdom of Naples. He spent much of his youth in Nice, Caprera and England.
In 1866, alongside his father, he took part in the Battle of Bezzecca (1866) and the Battle of Mentana (1867); in 1870, during his father's expedition in support to France during the Franco-Prussian War, he fought for the Army of the Vosges, during which he occupied Châtillon and, at Pouilly, during the Battle of Dijon, captured the sole Prussian flag lost during the war.
After a failed attempt to create market enterprises in America and Australia, he was a deputy in the Italian Parliament from 1887 to 1890. In the Turkish-Greek War in 1897, he fought with the Greek Army against the Ottomans with other Garibaldines.
Of his six sons, five including Peppino (Giuseppe II.,1879–1950) and Ezio Garibaldi were soldiers in World War I. Two of them died in the Argonne offensives: Bruno (1889-1914) and Costante (1892-1915). He also had a daughter, Anita, who died in 1962.
Ricciotti Garibaldi died in Riofreddo in 1924.
|
place of birth
| 42 |
[
"birthplace",
"place of origin",
"native place",
"homeland",
"birth city"
] | null | null |
[
"Ricciotti Garibaldi",
"sibling",
"Rosa Garibaldi"
] |
Ricciotti Garibaldi (24 February 1847 – 17 July 1924) was an Italian soldier, the fourth son of Giuseppe Garibaldi and Anita Garibaldi.
|
sibling
| 37 |
[
"brother or sister",
"kin"
] | null | null |
[
"Ricciotti Garibaldi",
"sibling",
"Rosita Garibaldi"
] |
Ricciotti Garibaldi (24 February 1847 – 17 July 1924) was an Italian soldier, the fourth son of Giuseppe Garibaldi and Anita Garibaldi.
|
sibling
| 37 |
[
"brother or sister",
"kin"
] | null | null |
[
"Ricciotti Garibaldi",
"sibling",
"Anita Garibaldi"
] |
Ricciotti Garibaldi (24 February 1847 – 17 July 1924) was an Italian soldier, the fourth son of Giuseppe Garibaldi and Anita Garibaldi.
|
sibling
| 37 |
[
"brother or sister",
"kin"
] | null | null |
[
"Ricciotti Garibaldi",
"family name",
"Garibaldi"
] |
Ricciotti Garibaldi (24 February 1847 – 17 July 1924) was an Italian soldier, the fourth son of Giuseppe Garibaldi and Anita Garibaldi.Biography
Born in Montevideo, he was named in honour of Nicola Ricciotti who had been executed during the failed expedition of the Bandiera Brothers against the Kingdom of Naples. He spent much of his youth in Nice, Caprera and England.
In 1866, alongside his father, he took part in the Battle of Bezzecca (1866) and the Battle of Mentana (1867); in 1870, during his father's expedition in support to France during the Franco-Prussian War, he fought for the Army of the Vosges, during which he occupied Châtillon and, at Pouilly, during the Battle of Dijon, captured the sole Prussian flag lost during the war.
After a failed attempt to create market enterprises in America and Australia, he was a deputy in the Italian Parliament from 1887 to 1890. In the Turkish-Greek War in 1897, he fought with the Greek Army against the Ottomans with other Garibaldines.
Of his six sons, five including Peppino (Giuseppe II.,1879–1950) and Ezio Garibaldi were soldiers in World War I. Two of them died in the Argonne offensives: Bruno (1889-1914) and Costante (1892-1915). He also had a daughter, Anita, who died in 1962.
Ricciotti Garibaldi died in Riofreddo in 1924.
|
family name
| 54 |
[
"surname",
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"family surname",
"clan name"
] | null | null |
[
"Ricciotti Garibaldi",
"child",
"Giuseppe Garibaldi II"
] |
Biography
Born in Montevideo, he was named in honour of Nicola Ricciotti who had been executed during the failed expedition of the Bandiera Brothers against the Kingdom of Naples. He spent much of his youth in Nice, Caprera and England.
In 1866, alongside his father, he took part in the Battle of Bezzecca (1866) and the Battle of Mentana (1867); in 1870, during his father's expedition in support to France during the Franco-Prussian War, he fought for the Army of the Vosges, during which he occupied Châtillon and, at Pouilly, during the Battle of Dijon, captured the sole Prussian flag lost during the war.
After a failed attempt to create market enterprises in America and Australia, he was a deputy in the Italian Parliament from 1887 to 1890. In the Turkish-Greek War in 1897, he fought with the Greek Army against the Ottomans with other Garibaldines.
Of his six sons, five including Peppino (Giuseppe II.,1879–1950) and Ezio Garibaldi were soldiers in World War I. Two of them died in the Argonne offensives: Bruno (1889-1914) and Costante (1892-1915). He also had a daughter, Anita, who died in 1962.
Ricciotti Garibaldi died in Riofreddo in 1924.
|
child
| 39 |
[
"offspring",
"progeny",
"issue",
"descendant",
"heir"
] | null | null |
[
"Ricciotti Garibaldi",
"mother",
"Anita Garibaldi"
] |
Ricciotti Garibaldi (24 February 1847 – 17 July 1924) was an Italian soldier, the fourth son of Giuseppe Garibaldi and Anita Garibaldi.
|
mother
| 52 |
[
"mom",
"mommy",
"mum",
"mama",
"parent"
] | null | null |
[
"Menotti Garibaldi",
"father",
"Giuseppe Garibaldi"
] |
Biography
Garibaldi was born on 16 September 1840 in Mostardas, in Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil, to Anita and Giuseppe Garibaldi, as their first son and the only born in Brazil. At the time of his birth Mostardas was part of the revolutionary Riograndense Republic, for which his parents were fighting in the Farroupilha Revolution. He was named after his grandfather, Domenico Garibaldi, and the Italian patriot Ciro Menotti, whom Giuseppe Garibaldi considered a martyr.After Anita's death in 1849, Garibaldi had a mixed upbringing, alternating between his paternal grandmother and Augusto Garibaldi, a cousin of his father, in Nice, then at his father's home in Caprera after 1856. He was partly educated at a military school in Genoa. In 1859, aged 19, Garibaldi joined his father's newly formed legion of Redshirts, the Hunters of the Alps, created to assist Piedmont-Sardinia against Austria in the Second Italian War of Independence. He took part in the Expedition of the Thousand against the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, in 1860, during which he was wounded at the Battle of Calatafimi. In late May, Garibaldi was sent to watch the surrender of Sicilian general Lanza after the Siege of Palermo.In August 1862, he was present at the controversial Battle of Aspromonte, when both Menotti and Giuseppe Garibaldi were wounded in an attack by Italian troops. In 1863, during the January Uprising in Poland, Garibaldi organized a legion of Italian volunteers, the Garibaldi Legion, led by general Francesco Nullo, to support the Polish insurgents in the fight against the Russian Empire. He accompanied his father in a trip to London in 1864. Two years later, during the Third Italian War of Independence, Garibaldi fought alongside his brother Ricciotti, father and brother-in-law at the Battle of Bezzecca, which resulted in a victory over Austrian troops. His own military skill was recognised in 1867, when his father asked him to lead volunteers in an invasion of the Papal States, which ended in defeat at the Battle of Mentana.
|
father
| 57 |
[
"dad",
"daddy",
"papa",
"pop",
"sire"
] | null | null |
[
"Menotti Garibaldi",
"conflict",
"Franco-Prussian War"
] |
Garibaldi was made a general in the new army of unified Italy. In the Franco-Prussian War (1870–1871) he commanded the 3rd brigade of the Army of the Vosges, a volunteer force led by Giuseppe in support of France, and took part in the Battle of Dijon. After the war he became a member of the Chamber of Deputies, and tried to raise an Italian legion to support the ʻUrabi revolt in Egypt. He died in Rome on 22 August 1903.
|
conflict
| 28 |
[
"battle",
"warfare",
"struggle",
"fighting",
"combat"
] | null | null |
[
"Menotti Garibaldi",
"conflict",
"Second Italian War of Independence"
] |
Domenico Menotti Garibaldi (16 September 1840 – 22 August 1903) was an Italian soldier and politician who was the eldest son of Giuseppe Garibaldi and Anita Garibaldi. He fought in the Second and Third wars of Italian Unification, and organized the Garibaldi Legion, a unit of Italian volunteers who fought for Polish independence in the January Uprising of 1863. He also served in the Chamber of Deputies.
|
conflict
| 28 |
[
"battle",
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"fighting",
"combat"
] | null | null |
[
"Menotti Garibaldi",
"conflict",
"Battle of Aspromonte"
] |
Biography
Garibaldi was born on 16 September 1840 in Mostardas, in Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil, to Anita and Giuseppe Garibaldi, as their first son and the only born in Brazil. At the time of his birth Mostardas was part of the revolutionary Riograndense Republic, for which his parents were fighting in the Farroupilha Revolution. He was named after his grandfather, Domenico Garibaldi, and the Italian patriot Ciro Menotti, whom Giuseppe Garibaldi considered a martyr.After Anita's death in 1849, Garibaldi had a mixed upbringing, alternating between his paternal grandmother and Augusto Garibaldi, a cousin of his father, in Nice, then at his father's home in Caprera after 1856. He was partly educated at a military school in Genoa. In 1859, aged 19, Garibaldi joined his father's newly formed legion of Redshirts, the Hunters of the Alps, created to assist Piedmont-Sardinia against Austria in the Second Italian War of Independence. He took part in the Expedition of the Thousand against the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, in 1860, during which he was wounded at the Battle of Calatafimi. In late May, Garibaldi was sent to watch the surrender of Sicilian general Lanza after the Siege of Palermo.In August 1862, he was present at the controversial Battle of Aspromonte, when both Menotti and Giuseppe Garibaldi were wounded in an attack by Italian troops. In 1863, during the January Uprising in Poland, Garibaldi organized a legion of Italian volunteers, the Garibaldi Legion, led by general Francesco Nullo, to support the Polish insurgents in the fight against the Russian Empire. He accompanied his father in a trip to London in 1864. Two years later, during the Third Italian War of Independence, Garibaldi fought alongside his brother Ricciotti, father and brother-in-law at the Battle of Bezzecca, which resulted in a victory over Austrian troops. His own military skill was recognised in 1867, when his father asked him to lead volunteers in an invasion of the Papal States, which ended in defeat at the Battle of Mentana.
|
conflict
| 28 |
[
"battle",
"warfare",
"struggle",
"fighting",
"combat"
] | null | null |
[
"Menotti Garibaldi",
"mother",
"Anita Garibaldi"
] |
Domenico Menotti Garibaldi (16 September 1840 – 22 August 1903) was an Italian soldier and politician who was the eldest son of Giuseppe Garibaldi and Anita Garibaldi. He fought in the Second and Third wars of Italian Unification, and organized the Garibaldi Legion, a unit of Italian volunteers who fought for Polish independence in the January Uprising of 1863. He also served in the Chamber of Deputies.Biography
Garibaldi was born on 16 September 1840 in Mostardas, in Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil, to Anita and Giuseppe Garibaldi, as their first son and the only born in Brazil. At the time of his birth Mostardas was part of the revolutionary Riograndense Republic, for which his parents were fighting in the Farroupilha Revolution. He was named after his grandfather, Domenico Garibaldi, and the Italian patriot Ciro Menotti, whom Giuseppe Garibaldi considered a martyr.After Anita's death in 1849, Garibaldi had a mixed upbringing, alternating between his paternal grandmother and Augusto Garibaldi, a cousin of his father, in Nice, then at his father's home in Caprera after 1856. He was partly educated at a military school in Genoa. In 1859, aged 19, Garibaldi joined his father's newly formed legion of Redshirts, the Hunters of the Alps, created to assist Piedmont-Sardinia against Austria in the Second Italian War of Independence. He took part in the Expedition of the Thousand against the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, in 1860, during which he was wounded at the Battle of Calatafimi. In late May, Garibaldi was sent to watch the surrender of Sicilian general Lanza after the Siege of Palermo.In August 1862, he was present at the controversial Battle of Aspromonte, when both Menotti and Giuseppe Garibaldi were wounded in an attack by Italian troops. In 1863, during the January Uprising in Poland, Garibaldi organized a legion of Italian volunteers, the Garibaldi Legion, led by general Francesco Nullo, to support the Polish insurgents in the fight against the Russian Empire. He accompanied his father in a trip to London in 1864. Two years later, during the Third Italian War of Independence, Garibaldi fought alongside his brother Ricciotti, father and brother-in-law at the Battle of Bezzecca, which resulted in a victory over Austrian troops. His own military skill was recognised in 1867, when his father asked him to lead volunteers in an invasion of the Papal States, which ended in defeat at the Battle of Mentana.
|
mother
| 52 |
[
"mom",
"mommy",
"mum",
"mama",
"parent"
] | null | null |
[
"Menotti Garibaldi",
"conflict",
"January Uprising"
] |
Domenico Menotti Garibaldi (16 September 1840 – 22 August 1903) was an Italian soldier and politician who was the eldest son of Giuseppe Garibaldi and Anita Garibaldi. He fought in the Second and Third wars of Italian Unification, and organized the Garibaldi Legion, a unit of Italian volunteers who fought for Polish independence in the January Uprising of 1863. He also served in the Chamber of Deputies.
|
conflict
| 28 |
[
"battle",
"warfare",
"struggle",
"fighting",
"combat"
] | null | null |
[
"Menotti Garibaldi",
"child",
"Giuseppe Garibaldi"
] |
Domenico Menotti Garibaldi (16 September 1840 – 22 August 1903) was an Italian soldier and politician who was the eldest son of Giuseppe Garibaldi and Anita Garibaldi. He fought in the Second and Third wars of Italian Unification, and organized the Garibaldi Legion, a unit of Italian volunteers who fought for Polish independence in the January Uprising of 1863. He also served in the Chamber of Deputies.
|
child
| 39 |
[
"offspring",
"progeny",
"issue",
"descendant",
"heir"
] | null | null |
[
"Menotti Garibaldi",
"child",
"Giuseppe Garibaldi"
] |
Domenico Menotti Garibaldi (16 September 1840 – 22 August 1903) was an Italian soldier and politician who was the eldest son of Giuseppe Garibaldi and Anita Garibaldi. He fought in the Second and Third wars of Italian Unification, and organized the Garibaldi Legion, a unit of Italian volunteers who fought for Polish independence in the January Uprising of 1863. He also served in the Chamber of Deputies.
|
child
| 39 |
[
"offspring",
"progeny",
"issue",
"descendant",
"heir"
] | null | null |
[
"Menotti Garibaldi",
"position held",
"member of the Chamber of Deputies of the Kingdom of Italy"
] |
Domenico Menotti Garibaldi (16 September 1840 – 22 August 1903) was an Italian soldier and politician who was the eldest son of Giuseppe Garibaldi and Anita Garibaldi. He fought in the Second and Third wars of Italian Unification, and organized the Garibaldi Legion, a unit of Italian volunteers who fought for Polish independence in the January Uprising of 1863. He also served in the Chamber of Deputies.Garibaldi was made a general in the new army of unified Italy. In the Franco-Prussian War (1870–1871) he commanded the 3rd brigade of the Army of the Vosges, a volunteer force led by Giuseppe in support of France, and took part in the Battle of Dijon. After the war he became a member of the Chamber of Deputies, and tried to raise an Italian legion to support the ʻUrabi revolt in Egypt. He died in Rome on 22 August 1903.
|
position held
| 59 |
[
"occupation",
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"post",
"office",
"rank"
] | null | null |
[
"Menotti Garibaldi",
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"Mostardas"
] |
Biography
Garibaldi was born on 16 September 1840 in Mostardas, in Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil, to Anita and Giuseppe Garibaldi, as their first son and the only born in Brazil. At the time of his birth Mostardas was part of the revolutionary Riograndense Republic, for which his parents were fighting in the Farroupilha Revolution. He was named after his grandfather, Domenico Garibaldi, and the Italian patriot Ciro Menotti, whom Giuseppe Garibaldi considered a martyr.After Anita's death in 1849, Garibaldi had a mixed upbringing, alternating between his paternal grandmother and Augusto Garibaldi, a cousin of his father, in Nice, then at his father's home in Caprera after 1856. He was partly educated at a military school in Genoa. In 1859, aged 19, Garibaldi joined his father's newly formed legion of Redshirts, the Hunters of the Alps, created to assist Piedmont-Sardinia against Austria in the Second Italian War of Independence. He took part in the Expedition of the Thousand against the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, in 1860, during which he was wounded at the Battle of Calatafimi. In late May, Garibaldi was sent to watch the surrender of Sicilian general Lanza after the Siege of Palermo.In August 1862, he was present at the controversial Battle of Aspromonte, when both Menotti and Giuseppe Garibaldi were wounded in an attack by Italian troops. In 1863, during the January Uprising in Poland, Garibaldi organized a legion of Italian volunteers, the Garibaldi Legion, led by general Francesco Nullo, to support the Polish insurgents in the fight against the Russian Empire. He accompanied his father in a trip to London in 1864. Two years later, during the Third Italian War of Independence, Garibaldi fought alongside his brother Ricciotti, father and brother-in-law at the Battle of Bezzecca, which resulted in a victory over Austrian troops. His own military skill was recognised in 1867, when his father asked him to lead volunteers in an invasion of the Papal States, which ended in defeat at the Battle of Mentana.
|
place of birth
| 42 |
[
"birthplace",
"place of origin",
"native place",
"homeland",
"birth city"
] | null | null |
[
"Menotti Garibaldi",
"family name",
"Garibaldi"
] |
Biography
Garibaldi was born on 16 September 1840 in Mostardas, in Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil, to Anita and Giuseppe Garibaldi, as their first son and the only born in Brazil. At the time of his birth Mostardas was part of the revolutionary Riograndense Republic, for which his parents were fighting in the Farroupilha Revolution. He was named after his grandfather, Domenico Garibaldi, and the Italian patriot Ciro Menotti, whom Giuseppe Garibaldi considered a martyr.After Anita's death in 1849, Garibaldi had a mixed upbringing, alternating between his paternal grandmother and Augusto Garibaldi, a cousin of his father, in Nice, then at his father's home in Caprera after 1856. He was partly educated at a military school in Genoa. In 1859, aged 19, Garibaldi joined his father's newly formed legion of Redshirts, the Hunters of the Alps, created to assist Piedmont-Sardinia against Austria in the Second Italian War of Independence. He took part in the Expedition of the Thousand against the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, in 1860, during which he was wounded at the Battle of Calatafimi. In late May, Garibaldi was sent to watch the surrender of Sicilian general Lanza after the Siege of Palermo.In August 1862, he was present at the controversial Battle of Aspromonte, when both Menotti and Giuseppe Garibaldi were wounded in an attack by Italian troops. In 1863, during the January Uprising in Poland, Garibaldi organized a legion of Italian volunteers, the Garibaldi Legion, led by general Francesco Nullo, to support the Polish insurgents in the fight against the Russian Empire. He accompanied his father in a trip to London in 1864. Two years later, during the Third Italian War of Independence, Garibaldi fought alongside his brother Ricciotti, father and brother-in-law at the Battle of Bezzecca, which resulted in a victory over Austrian troops. His own military skill was recognised in 1867, when his father asked him to lead volunteers in an invasion of the Papal States, which ended in defeat at the Battle of Mentana.
|
family name
| 54 |
[
"surname",
"last name",
"patronymic",
"family surname",
"clan name"
] | null | null |
[
"Georgina Bloomberg",
"place of birth",
"New York City"
] |
Georgina Leigh Bloomberg (born January 20, 1983) is the owner of the equestrian team New York Empire, a professional equestrian, and a philanthropist. She is the daughter of Susan Brown and Michael Bloomberg – former New York City mayor, founder of Bloomberg LP.Early life and education
Bloomberg was born in New York City. Her only sibling, Emma, is four years older. She attended The Spence School and graduated from New York University's Gallatin School of Individualized Study in 2010. She studied fashion design at The New School's Parsons School of Design in 2012.
|
place of birth
| 42 |
[
"birthplace",
"place of origin",
"native place",
"homeland",
"birth city"
] | null | null |
[
"Georgina Bloomberg",
"father",
"Michael Bloomberg"
] |
Georgina Leigh Bloomberg (born January 20, 1983) is the owner of the equestrian team New York Empire, a professional equestrian, and a philanthropist. She is the daughter of Susan Brown and Michael Bloomberg – former New York City mayor, founder of Bloomberg LP.
|
father
| 57 |
[
"dad",
"daddy",
"papa",
"pop",
"sire"
] | null | null |
[
"Georgina Bloomberg",
"educated at",
"New York University"
] |
Early life and education
Bloomberg was born in New York City. Her only sibling, Emma, is four years older. She attended The Spence School and graduated from New York University's Gallatin School of Individualized Study in 2010. She studied fashion design at The New School's Parsons School of Design in 2012.
|
educated at
| 56 |
[
"studied at",
"graduated from",
"attended",
"enrolled at",
"completed education at"
] | null | null |
[
"Georgina Bloomberg",
"given name",
"Georgina"
] |
Georgina Leigh Bloomberg (born January 20, 1983) is the owner of the equestrian team New York Empire, a professional equestrian, and a philanthropist. She is the daughter of Susan Brown and Michael Bloomberg – former New York City mayor, founder of Bloomberg LP.
|
given name
| 60 |
[
"first name",
"forename",
"given title",
"personal name"
] | null | null |
[
"Georgina Bloomberg",
"occupation",
"equestrian"
] |
Georgina Leigh Bloomberg (born January 20, 1983) is the owner of the equestrian team New York Empire, a professional equestrian, and a philanthropist. She is the daughter of Susan Brown and Michael Bloomberg – former New York City mayor, founder of Bloomberg LP.Career
Bloomberg began riding horses at age four in 1987. In 1989, she began competing and won best child rider awards at every major horse show on the US east coast. In 2000, she began competing in jumpers. In 2001, at age 18, she won the United States Equestrian Team (USET)'s Talent Derby. In 2003, Bloomberg won the individual gold medal.In 2004, at age 21, she became a professional rider, and was the winner of the Maxine Beard Award. In 2005, she was the winner of the Metropolitan Cup and the Las Vegas Invitational Knockout competition, competed in the World Cup Finals, and was a member of the winning Samsung Super League team in La Baule, France. In 2007, she won the WEF Challenge Cup and was a member of the winning USA teams in Hamina, Finland and Falsterbo, Sweden. In Sweden, Bloomberg contributed her first double clear nations cup performance at a 5* competition. She also placed fourth in the Queen's Cup at Hickstead and was the highest placed American in the Dublin Grand Prix that summer. In 2008, Bloomberg was a member of the last Samsung Super League Final in Barcelona.In 2010, she was the winner of the Empire State Grand Prix and the Bluegrass Festival Grand Prix. In August 2014, she anchored the U.S. team victory at Furusiyya Nations Cup in Gijon, Spain, with a double clear performance. She was the winner of the inaugural Central Park Grand Prix CSI 3 in 2014. In 2015, Bloomberg won the Adequan Grand Prix CSI 3* at the 2015 Winter Equestrian Festival. At the 2015 Pan American Games, she won team bronze as the newest member of the U.S. Equestrian Team. In 2016, she was the winner of the Royalton Farms Open Jumper 1.4m class at the Hampton Classic Horse Show. She was also the winner of the American Gold Cup Qualifier and the Hermes Sellier Classic at the American Gold Cup. Also in 2016, she participated in the inaugural season of the Global Champions League, as a rider for and owner of Team Miami Glory.After two years with Team Miami Glory, Bloomberg began the 2018 season as both a rider and team owner for the New York Empire. In 2019, Bloomberg promoted the Longines Global Champions Tour Finals, taking place in her hometown, New York City.Bloomberg currently has several show jumping horses. In the M40 to Grand Prix divisions, she has Paola 233, Lilli, Cessna 24, Crown 5, Calista, Quibelle, Manodie, Cliff Z and South Street. In the young horse divisions, she has Manhattan, Excelsior, and Starry Night.
|
occupation
| 48 |
[
"job",
"profession",
"career",
"vocation",
"employment"
] | null | null |
[
"Georgina Bloomberg",
"sex or gender",
"female"
] |
Georgina Leigh Bloomberg (born January 20, 1983) is the owner of the equestrian team New York Empire, a professional equestrian, and a philanthropist. She is the daughter of Susan Brown and Michael Bloomberg – former New York City mayor, founder of Bloomberg LP.Early life and education
Bloomberg was born in New York City. Her only sibling, Emma, is four years older. She attended The Spence School and graduated from New York University's Gallatin School of Individualized Study in 2010. She studied fashion design at The New School's Parsons School of Design in 2012.Career
Bloomberg began riding horses at age four in 1987. In 1989, she began competing and won best child rider awards at every major horse show on the US east coast. In 2000, she began competing in jumpers. In 2001, at age 18, she won the United States Equestrian Team (USET)'s Talent Derby. In 2003, Bloomberg won the individual gold medal.In 2004, at age 21, she became a professional rider, and was the winner of the Maxine Beard Award. In 2005, she was the winner of the Metropolitan Cup and the Las Vegas Invitational Knockout competition, competed in the World Cup Finals, and was a member of the winning Samsung Super League team in La Baule, France. In 2007, she won the WEF Challenge Cup and was a member of the winning USA teams in Hamina, Finland and Falsterbo, Sweden. In Sweden, Bloomberg contributed her first double clear nations cup performance at a 5* competition. She also placed fourth in the Queen's Cup at Hickstead and was the highest placed American in the Dublin Grand Prix that summer. In 2008, Bloomberg was a member of the last Samsung Super League Final in Barcelona.In 2010, she was the winner of the Empire State Grand Prix and the Bluegrass Festival Grand Prix. In August 2014, she anchored the U.S. team victory at Furusiyya Nations Cup in Gijon, Spain, with a double clear performance. She was the winner of the inaugural Central Park Grand Prix CSI 3 in 2014. In 2015, Bloomberg won the Adequan Grand Prix CSI 3* at the 2015 Winter Equestrian Festival. At the 2015 Pan American Games, she won team bronze as the newest member of the U.S. Equestrian Team. In 2016, she was the winner of the Royalton Farms Open Jumper 1.4m class at the Hampton Classic Horse Show. She was also the winner of the American Gold Cup Qualifier and the Hermes Sellier Classic at the American Gold Cup. Also in 2016, she participated in the inaugural season of the Global Champions League, as a rider for and owner of Team Miami Glory.After two years with Team Miami Glory, Bloomberg began the 2018 season as both a rider and team owner for the New York Empire. In 2019, Bloomberg promoted the Longines Global Champions Tour Finals, taking place in her hometown, New York City.Bloomberg currently has several show jumping horses. In the M40 to Grand Prix divisions, she has Paola 233, Lilli, Cessna 24, Crown 5, Calista, Quibelle, Manodie, Cliff Z and South Street. In the young horse divisions, she has Manhattan, Excelsior, and Starry Night.
|
sex or gender
| 65 |
[
"biological sex",
"gender identity",
"gender expression",
"sexual orientation",
"gender classification"
] | null | null |
[
"Georgina Bloomberg",
"educated at",
"Spence School"
] |
Early life and education
Bloomberg was born in New York City. Her only sibling, Emma, is four years older. She attended The Spence School and graduated from New York University's Gallatin School of Individualized Study in 2010. She studied fashion design at The New School's Parsons School of Design in 2012.
|
educated at
| 56 |
[
"studied at",
"graduated from",
"attended",
"enrolled at",
"completed education at"
] | null | null |
[
"Georgina Bloomberg",
"family name",
"Bloomberg"
] |
Georgina Leigh Bloomberg (born January 20, 1983) is the owner of the equestrian team New York Empire, a professional equestrian, and a philanthropist. She is the daughter of Susan Brown and Michael Bloomberg – former New York City mayor, founder of Bloomberg LP.Early life and education
Bloomberg was born in New York City. Her only sibling, Emma, is four years older. She attended The Spence School and graduated from New York University's Gallatin School of Individualized Study in 2010. She studied fashion design at The New School's Parsons School of Design in 2012.
|
family name
| 54 |
[
"surname",
"last name",
"patronymic",
"family surname",
"clan name"
] | null | null |
[
"Georgina Bloomberg",
"child",
"Jasper Michael Brown Quintana"
] |
Personal life
In December 2013, Georgina Bloomberg gave birth to a son, Jasper Michael Brown Quintana, fathered by then Argentine Olympic show jumping rider boyfriend Ramiro Quintana, who does not play a day-to-day role in his son's life. She currently has four rescue dogs, a rescue goat, two rescue mules and two mini-horses. Forbes magazine ranked her as one of the 20 "Most Intriguing Billionaire Heiresses". She splits her time between Manhattan and North Salem, New York, as well as Wellington, Florida.
|
child
| 39 |
[
"offspring",
"progeny",
"issue",
"descendant",
"heir"
] | null | null |
[
"Criminal Code (Canada)",
"instance of",
"legislation"
] |
The Criminal Code (French: Code criminel) is a law that codifies most criminal offences and procedures in Canada. Its official long title is An Act respecting the Criminal Law (French: Loi concernant le droit criminel), and it is sometimes abbreviated as Cr.C. (French: C.Cr.) in legal reports. Section 91(27) of the Constitution Act, 1867 establishes the sole jurisdiction of the Parliament of Canada over criminal law.
The Criminal Code contains some defences, but most are part of the common law rather than statute. Important Canadian criminal laws not forming part of the code include the Firearms Act, the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act, the Canada Evidence Act, the Food and Drugs Act, the Youth Criminal Justice Act and the Contraventions Act.
One of the conveniences of the Criminal Code was that it constituted the principle that no person would be able to be convicted of a crime unless otherwise specifically outlined and stated in a statute. This legal document has played a major part in Canada's history and has also helped form other legal acts and laws, for example, the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act.
|
instance of
| 5 |
[
"type of",
"example of",
"manifestation of",
"representation of"
] | null | null |
[
"Great Seal of Canada",
"country",
"Canada"
] |
The Great Seal of Canada (French: Grand Sceau du Canada) is a governmental seal used for purposes of state in Canada, being set on letters patent, proclamations and commissions, both to representatives of the monarch and for the appointment of cabinet ministers, senators, and judges. Many other officials, such as officers in the Canadian Armed Forces, receive commissions affixed with the Privy Seal, not the great seal. It is not for sealing up a document as letters close. As a de facto symbol of Canada the seal is one of the oldest and most honoured instruments of the Canadian government.Province of Canada
Victoria. VICTORIA D꞉ G꞉ BRITANIARUM REGINA FID꞉ DEF꞉ SIGILLUM PROVINCIÆ CANADÆCanada
Victoria. VICTORIA DEI GRATIA BRITANNIAR꞉ REGINA F꞉ D꞉ IN CANADA SIGILLUM
Edward VII. EDWARDUS VII D꞉ G꞉ BRITT ET TERRARUM TRANSMAR QUÆ IN DIT꞉ SUNT BRIT REX F꞉ D꞉ IND꞉ IMP꞉ IN CANADA SIGILLUM 1904
George V. GEORGIUS V D꞉ G꞉ BRITT ET TERRARUM TRANSMAR QUÆ IN DIT꞉ SUNT BRIT REX F꞉ D꞉ IND꞉ IMP꞉ IN CANADA SIGILLUM 1912
George VI. GEORGIUS VI D꞉ G꞉ MAG BRIT HIB ET TERR TRANSMAR QUÆ IN DIT꞉ SUNT BRIT REX F꞉ D꞉ IND꞉ IMP꞉ IN CANADA SIGILLUM
Elizabeth II. REINE DU CANADA • ELIZABETH II • QUEEN OF CANADA
|
country
| 7 |
[
"Nation",
"State",
"Land",
"Territory"
] | null | null |
[
"Great Seal of Canada",
"instance of",
"national seal"
] |
The Great Seal of Canada (French: Grand Sceau du Canada) is a governmental seal used for purposes of state in Canada, being set on letters patent, proclamations and commissions, both to representatives of the monarch and for the appointment of cabinet ministers, senators, and judges. Many other officials, such as officers in the Canadian Armed Forces, receive commissions affixed with the Privy Seal, not the great seal. It is not for sealing up a document as letters close. As a de facto symbol of Canada the seal is one of the oldest and most honoured instruments of the Canadian government.Canada
Victoria. VICTORIA DEI GRATIA BRITANNIAR꞉ REGINA F꞉ D꞉ IN CANADA SIGILLUM
Edward VII. EDWARDUS VII D꞉ G꞉ BRITT ET TERRARUM TRANSMAR QUÆ IN DIT꞉ SUNT BRIT REX F꞉ D꞉ IND꞉ IMP꞉ IN CANADA SIGILLUM 1904
George V. GEORGIUS V D꞉ G꞉ BRITT ET TERRARUM TRANSMAR QUÆ IN DIT꞉ SUNT BRIT REX F꞉ D꞉ IND꞉ IMP꞉ IN CANADA SIGILLUM 1912
George VI. GEORGIUS VI D꞉ G꞉ MAG BRIT HIB ET TERR TRANSMAR QUÆ IN DIT꞉ SUNT BRIT REX F꞉ D꞉ IND꞉ IMP꞉ IN CANADA SIGILLUM
Elizabeth II. REINE DU CANADA • ELIZABETH II • QUEEN OF CANADA
|
instance of
| 5 |
[
"type of",
"example of",
"manifestation of",
"representation of"
] | null | null |
[
"Cabinet of Canada",
"part of",
"Government of Canada"
] |
The Cabinet of Canada (French: Cabinet du Canada) is a body of ministers of the Crown that, along with the Canadian monarch, and within the tenets of the Westminster system, forms the government of Canada. Chaired by the prime minister, the Cabinet is a committee of the King's Privy Council for Canada and the senior echelon of the Ministry, the membership of the Cabinet and Ministry often being co-terminal; as of November 2015 there were no members of the latter who were not also members of the former.
For practical reasons, the Cabinet is informally referred to either in relation to the prime minister in charge of it or the number of ministries since Confederation. The current Cabinet is the Cabinet of Justin Trudeau, which is part of the 29th Ministry. The interchangeable use of the terms cabinet and ministry is a subtle inaccuracy that can cause confusion.
|
part of
| 15 |
[
"a component of",
"a constituent of",
"an element of",
"a fragment of",
"a portion of"
] | null | null |
[
"Cabinet of Canada",
"has part(s)",
"Prime Minister of Canada"
] |
The Cabinet of Canada (French: Cabinet du Canada) is a body of ministers of the Crown that, along with the Canadian monarch, and within the tenets of the Westminster system, forms the government of Canada. Chaired by the prime minister, the Cabinet is a committee of the King's Privy Council for Canada and the senior echelon of the Ministry, the membership of the Cabinet and Ministry often being co-terminal; as of November 2015 there were no members of the latter who were not also members of the former.
For practical reasons, the Cabinet is informally referred to either in relation to the prime minister in charge of it or the number of ministries since Confederation. The current Cabinet is the Cabinet of Justin Trudeau, which is part of the 29th Ministry. The interchangeable use of the terms cabinet and ministry is a subtle inaccuracy that can cause confusion.
|
has part(s)
| 19 |
[
"contains",
"comprises",
"includes",
"consists of",
"has components"
] | null | null |
[
"Leader of the Official Opposition (Canada)",
"country",
"Canada"
] |
The leader of the Official Opposition (French: chef de l'Opposition officielle), formally known as the leader of His Majesty's Loyal Opposition (French: chef de la loyale opposition de Sa Majesté), is the politician who leads the Official Opposition in Canada, typically the leader of the party possessing the most seats in the House of Commons that is not the governing party or part of the governing coalition.
Pierre Poilievre has been the Leader of the Opposition since September 10, 2022, when he was elected leader of the Conservative Party of Canada, following the 2022 leadership election. He succeeded Candice Bergen, who had served as the party's interim leader from February 2, 2022.Though the leader of the Opposition must be a member of the House of Commons, the office should not be confused with Opposition House leader, who is a frontbencher charged with managing the business of the Opposition in the House of Commons, and is formally titled Leader of the Opposition in the House of Commons. There is also a leader of the Opposition in the Senate, who is usually of the same party as the leader of the Opposition in the house. If the leader of the opposition party is not a member of Parliament (MP), then a sitting MP acts as parliamentary leader and assumes the role of the leader of the Opposition until the party leader can obtain a seat.
The leader of the Opposition is entitled to the same levels of pay and protection as a Cabinet minister and is often made a member of the King's Privy Council, generally the only non-government member of the House of Commons afforded that privilege. The leader of the Opposition is entitled to reside at the official residence of Stornoway and ranks fourteenth on the Order of Precedence, after Cabinet ministers and before lieutenant governors of the provinces. In the House of Commons seating plan, the leader of the Opposition sits directly across from the prime minister.
The term leader of the opposition is used in the Parliament of Canada Act and the Standing Orders of the House of Commons, as is the term official opposition. The terms leader of the loyal opposition, his majesty's opposition, and loyal opposition are sometimes used, but, are not in either the act or the standing orders. The word loyal is used to communicate the party's loyalty to monarch of Canada—as the nonpartisan personification of the nation and the state's authority—even as its members oppose the governing party.Two leaders of the Opposition have died in office: Wilfrid Laurier in 1919 and Jack Layton in 2011.
|
country
| 7 |
[
"Nation",
"State",
"Land",
"Territory"
] | null | null |
[
"Leader of the Official Opposition (Canada)",
"part of",
"Official Opposition"
] |
The leader of the Official Opposition (French: chef de l'Opposition officielle), formally known as the leader of His Majesty's Loyal Opposition (French: chef de la loyale opposition de Sa Majesté), is the politician who leads the Official Opposition in Canada, typically the leader of the party possessing the most seats in the House of Commons that is not the governing party or part of the governing coalition.
Pierre Poilievre has been the Leader of the Opposition since September 10, 2022, when he was elected leader of the Conservative Party of Canada, following the 2022 leadership election. He succeeded Candice Bergen, who had served as the party's interim leader from February 2, 2022.Though the leader of the Opposition must be a member of the House of Commons, the office should not be confused with Opposition House leader, who is a frontbencher charged with managing the business of the Opposition in the House of Commons, and is formally titled Leader of the Opposition in the House of Commons. There is also a leader of the Opposition in the Senate, who is usually of the same party as the leader of the Opposition in the house. If the leader of the opposition party is not a member of Parliament (MP), then a sitting MP acts as parliamentary leader and assumes the role of the leader of the Opposition until the party leader can obtain a seat.
The leader of the Opposition is entitled to the same levels of pay and protection as a Cabinet minister and is often made a member of the King's Privy Council, generally the only non-government member of the House of Commons afforded that privilege. The leader of the Opposition is entitled to reside at the official residence of Stornoway and ranks fourteenth on the Order of Precedence, after Cabinet ministers and before lieutenant governors of the provinces. In the House of Commons seating plan, the leader of the Opposition sits directly across from the prime minister.
The term leader of the opposition is used in the Parliament of Canada Act and the Standing Orders of the House of Commons, as is the term official opposition. The terms leader of the loyal opposition, his majesty's opposition, and loyal opposition are sometimes used, but, are not in either the act or the standing orders. The word loyal is used to communicate the party's loyalty to monarch of Canada—as the nonpartisan personification of the nation and the state's authority—even as its members oppose the governing party.Two leaders of the Opposition have died in office: Wilfrid Laurier in 1919 and Jack Layton in 2011.
|
part of
| 15 |
[
"a component of",
"a constituent of",
"an element of",
"a fragment of",
"a portion of"
] | null | null |
[
"Leader of the Official Opposition (Canada)",
"instance of",
"position"
] |
The leader of the Official Opposition (French: chef de l'Opposition officielle), formally known as the leader of His Majesty's Loyal Opposition (French: chef de la loyale opposition de Sa Majesté), is the politician who leads the Official Opposition in Canada, typically the leader of the party possessing the most seats in the House of Commons that is not the governing party or part of the governing coalition.
Pierre Poilievre has been the Leader of the Opposition since September 10, 2022, when he was elected leader of the Conservative Party of Canada, following the 2022 leadership election. He succeeded Candice Bergen, who had served as the party's interim leader from February 2, 2022.Though the leader of the Opposition must be a member of the House of Commons, the office should not be confused with Opposition House leader, who is a frontbencher charged with managing the business of the Opposition in the House of Commons, and is formally titled Leader of the Opposition in the House of Commons. There is also a leader of the Opposition in the Senate, who is usually of the same party as the leader of the Opposition in the house. If the leader of the opposition party is not a member of Parliament (MP), then a sitting MP acts as parliamentary leader and assumes the role of the leader of the Opposition until the party leader can obtain a seat.
The leader of the Opposition is entitled to the same levels of pay and protection as a Cabinet minister and is often made a member of the King's Privy Council, generally the only non-government member of the House of Commons afforded that privilege. The leader of the Opposition is entitled to reside at the official residence of Stornoway and ranks fourteenth on the Order of Precedence, after Cabinet ministers and before lieutenant governors of the provinces. In the House of Commons seating plan, the leader of the Opposition sits directly across from the prime minister.
The term leader of the opposition is used in the Parliament of Canada Act and the Standing Orders of the House of Commons, as is the term official opposition. The terms leader of the loyal opposition, his majesty's opposition, and loyal opposition are sometimes used, but, are not in either the act or the standing orders. The word loyal is used to communicate the party's loyalty to monarch of Canada—as the nonpartisan personification of the nation and the state's authority—even as its members oppose the governing party.Two leaders of the Opposition have died in office: Wilfrid Laurier in 1919 and Jack Layton in 2011.Leaders of the Official Opposition
Deputy leaders of the Opposition
Official Opposition Shadow Cabinet
The Official Opposition Shadow Cabinet in Canada is composed of members of the main opposition party and is responsible for holding the Government to account and for developing and disseminating the party's policy positions. Members of the Official Opposition are generally referred to as opposition critics, but the term Shadow Minister (which is generally used in other Westminster systems) is also used.See also
Opposition House Leader
Leader of the Opposition in the Senate (Canada)
|
instance of
| 5 |
[
"type of",
"example of",
"manifestation of",
"representation of"
] | null | null |
[
"Speaker of the House of Commons (Canada)",
"country",
"Canada"
] |
The speaker of the House of Commons (French: président de la Chambre des communes) is the presiding officer of the lower house of the Parliament of Canada. A member of Parliament (MP), they are elected at the beginning of each new parliament by fellow MPs. The speaker's role in presiding over Canada's House of Commons is similar to that of speakers elsewhere in other countries that use the Westminster system.
The 37th and current speaker of the House of Commons is Anthony Rota, since December 5, 2019. The speaker with the longest tenure is Peter Milliken who was elected for four consecutive terms lasting 10 years, 124 days.
|
country
| 7 |
[
"Nation",
"State",
"Land",
"Territory"
] | null | null |
[
"Speaker of the House of Commons (Canada)",
"instance of",
"position"
] |
The speaker of the House of Commons (French: président de la Chambre des communes) is the presiding officer of the lower house of the Parliament of Canada. A member of Parliament (MP), they are elected at the beginning of each new parliament by fellow MPs. The speaker's role in presiding over Canada's House of Commons is similar to that of speakers elsewhere in other countries that use the Westminster system.
The 37th and current speaker of the House of Commons is Anthony Rota, since December 5, 2019. The speaker with the longest tenure is Peter Milliken who was elected for four consecutive terms lasting 10 years, 124 days.Role
In Canada it is the speaker's responsibility to manage the House of Commons and supervise its staff. It is also the speaker's duty to act as a liaison with the Senate and the Crown. They are to rule over the house and have the government answer questions during the question period as well as keep decorum with the house. The speaker receives a salary of CA$274,500 ($185,800 as an MP in addition to $88,700 as speaker) and has use of a small apartment, in the House of Commons, and an official residence, The Farm, an estate located at Kingsmere in Gatineau Park, Quebec, across the river from Ottawa. for the management of the House of Commons campus, and the 2,000 individuals who work there. In 2015 the speaker managed a budget of $414 million.
Along with the Senate speaker, the speaker of the House is responsible for the Parliamentary Protective Service, which provides security to Parliament Hill with the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP).The term "speaker" originates from the British parliamentary tradition. The French term now used in Canada is président (president, chairperson, or presiding officer); the term orateur, a calque (literal translation) of "speaker" and formerly the term used in France for the Speaker of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, was used until the early 1980s.The speaker and their deputies preside over debates of the House of Commons, invite particular members to speak, maintain order and decorum (including reproving members who misbehave), and make rulings on points of order and points of privilege. By parliamentary rule and tradition, all statements in the House are addressed to the speaker, never to another member. For example, one does not say, "Prime Minister, will you explain to this House...", or "Thank you for the question." Instead, one would say, "Mr. Speaker, will the Prime Minister explain to this House..." or "Madam Speaker, I thank the honourable member for her question." Members are not allowed to speak while the speaker is speaking, and must sit down when the speaker rises to speak.
By convention, speakers are normally addressed in Parliament as "Mr. Speaker," for a man, and "Madam Speaker", for a woman. Deputies of the speaker who are presiding at a given time are also addressed as "Mr./Madam Speaker."
|
instance of
| 5 |
[
"type of",
"example of",
"manifestation of",
"representation of"
] | null | null |
[
"Clarity Act",
"legislated by",
"Parliament of Canada"
] |
The Clarity Act (French: Loi sur la clarté référendaire) (known as Bill C-20 before it became law) (the act) is legislation passed by the Parliament of Canada that established the conditions under which the Government of Canada would enter into negotiations that might lead to secession following such a vote by one of the provinces. The Clarity Bill (C-20) was tabled for first reading in the House of Commons on 13 December 1999. It was passed by the House on 15 March 2000, and by the Senate, in its final version, on 29 June 2000.Although the law applies to all provinces, the Clarity Act was created in response to the 1995 Quebec referendum and ongoing independence movement in that province. The content of the act was based on the 1998 secession reference to the Supreme Court of Canada made by the federal government of Prime Minister Jean Chrétien. Previously in 1996, a private member's bill, the Quebec Contingency Act (Bill C-341) was introduced to establish the conditions which would apply to a referendum regarding the separation of Quebec from Canada, but it did not proceed further than the first reading.
Two days after the act had been introduced in the Canadian House of Commons, the Parti Québécois government passed An Act respecting the exercise of the fundamental rights and prerogatives of the Québec people and the Québec State in the National Assembly of Quebec.Passage and reactions to Clarity Act
The Clarity Act (Bill C-20) was later drafted and presented to the House of Commons on 13 December 1999. This was denounced by all provincial parties in the Quebec National Assembly, the Bloc Québécois, and many federalists. The Progressive Conservative Party, led by former Prime Minister Joe Clark, also opposed the act. The NDP voted in favour of the act.Following its adoption by the Parliament of Canada, an open letter supporting Quebec's right to self-determination was published and signed by numerous intellectuals from Quebec and other parts of Canada.
William Johnson, leader of Quebec's largest Anglophone rights group, Alliance Quebec said the act would prevent the promulgation of misinformation by separatists.Former Prime Minister Chrétien has often stated that the act was among his proudest achievements in federal politics.
In an interview with CTV News aired on 15 May 2005, separatist former premier of Quebec, Jacques Parizeau said that the act "meant nothing" and would be ignored.
On 7 December 2005, in the midst of a federal election, New Democratic Party leader Jack Layton too announced that he backed the act. This was in contrast to comments made in the 2004 election where he said that Canada should recognize a declaration of Quebec independence if sovereigntists win a referendum.
|
legislated by
| 181 |
[
"enacted by",
"established by",
"passed by",
"ratified by",
"approved by"
] | null | null |
[
"Section 10 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms",
"part of",
"Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms"
] |
Section 10 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms specifies rights upon arrest or detention, including the rights to consult a lawyer and the right to habeas corpus. As a part of a broader range of legal rights guaranteed by the Charter, section 10 rights may be limited by the Oakes test and/or the notwithstanding clause. However, section 10 has also spawned considerable litigation, and has made an impact in numerous cases.
|
part of
| 15 |
[
"a component of",
"a constituent of",
"an element of",
"a fragment of",
"a portion of"
] | null | null |
[
"Section 11 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms",
"instance of",
"legislation"
] |
Section 11 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is the section of the Canadian Constitution that protects a person's legal rights in criminal and penal matters. There are nine enumerated rights protected in section 11.Right to be informed of the offence
Section 11(a) provides that
|
instance of
| 5 |
[
"type of",
"example of",
"manifestation of",
"representation of"
] | null | null |
[
"Section 12 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms",
"instance of",
"legislation"
] |
Section 12 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, as part of the Constitution of Canada, is a legal rights section that protects an individual's freedom from cruel and unusual punishments in Canada. The section has generated some case law, including the essential case R. v. Smith (1987), in which it was partially defined, and R. v. Latimer (2001), a famous case in which Saskatchewan farmer Robert Latimer protested that his long, mandatory minimum sentence for the murder of his disabled daughter was cruel and unusual.
The section states:
|
instance of
| 5 |
[
"type of",
"example of",
"manifestation of",
"representation of"
] | null | null |
[
"Section 15 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms",
"instance of",
"legislation"
] |
Section 15 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms contains guaranteed equality rights. As part of the Constitution of Canada, the section prohibits certain forms of discrimination perpetrated by the governments of Canada with the exception of ameliorative programs (e.g. employment equity).
Rights under section 15 include racial equality, sexual equality, mental disability, and physical disability. In its jurisprudence, it has also been a source of LGBT rights in Canada. These rights are guaranteed to "every individual", that is, every natural person. This wording excludes "legal persons" such as corporations, contrasting other sections that use the word "everyone", where "legal persons" were meant to be included. Section 15 has been in force since 1985.
|
instance of
| 5 |
[
"type of",
"example of",
"manifestation of",
"representation of"
] | null | null |
[
"Section 18 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms",
"instance of",
"legislation"
] |
Section 18 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is one of the provisions of the Constitution that addresses rights relating to Canada's two official languages, English and French. Like section 133 of the Constitution Act, 1867, section 18 requires that all statutes and other records made by the Parliament of Canada must be available in both official languages. Section 133 places a similar obligation on the legislature of Quebec, and this is reaffirmed by section 21 of the Charter. Section 18 of the Charter places a similar obligation on the legislature of New Brunswick. New Brunswick is the only officially bilingual province under section 16 of the Charter.
|
instance of
| 5 |
[
"type of",
"example of",
"manifestation of",
"representation of"
] | null | null |
[
"Section 19 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms",
"instance of",
"legislation"
] |
Section 19 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is one of the provisions of the Constitution of Canada that addresses rights relating to Canada's two official languages, English and French. Like section 133 of the Constitution Act, 1867, section 19 allows anyone to speak English or French in federal courts. However, only section 133 extends these rights to Quebec courts, while section 19 extends these rights to courts in New Brunswick. New Brunswick is the only officially bilingual province under section 16 of the Charter.
|
instance of
| 5 |
[
"type of",
"example of",
"manifestation of",
"representation of"
] | null | null |
[
"Section 1 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms",
"part of",
"Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms"
] |
Text
Under the heading of "Guarantee of Rights and Freedoms", the section states:1. The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms guarantees the rights and freedoms set out in it subject only to such reasonable limits prescribed by law as can be demonstrably justified in a free and democratic society.
|
part of
| 15 |
[
"a component of",
"a constituent of",
"an element of",
"a fragment of",
"a portion of"
] | null | null |
[
"Section 1 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms",
"instance of",
"legislation"
] |
Section 1 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is the section that confirms that the rights listed in the Charter are guaranteed. The section is also known as the reasonable limits clause or limitations clause, as it legally allows the government to limit an individual's Charter rights. This limitation on rights has been used in the last twenty years to prevent a variety of objectionable conduct such as child pornography (e.g., in R v Sharpe), hate speech (e.g., in R v Keegstra), and obscenity (e.g., in R v Butler).When the government has limited an individual's right, there is an onus upon the Crown to show, on the balance of probabilities, firstly, that the limitation was prescribed by law namely, that the law is attuned to the values of accessibility and intelligibility; and secondly, that it is justified in a free and democratic society, which means that it must have a justifiable purpose and must be proportional.
|
instance of
| 5 |
[
"type of",
"example of",
"manifestation of",
"representation of"
] | null | null |
[
"Section 22 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms",
"instance of",
"legislation"
] |
Function
Section 22 ensures that political rights regarding the use of other languages besides English and French are not limited by the fact that English and French are the only languages recognized as being official by the other provisions of the Charter. The political rights regarding other languages may exist by virtue of statute or simply custom, and the rights may predate the Charter or may be created after its enactment in 1982. As author Walter Tarnopolsky noted in 1982, the Aboriginal peoples in Canada were the most likely people, and perhaps the only people, to have customary language rights. The section may allow other languages to become official languages in the future, and demonstrates that having constitutional law regarding languages does not mean the law is fixed forever.That same year, Professor André Tremblay wrote that section 22 would apply to "government services." He also points out that the Charter offers no assurances that these language rights "will be provided indefinitely." If those rights are not constitutionalized, the government in question can presumably abolish them at any time.
Professor Leslie Green has argued that section 22 also justifies the English and French language rights. The rights regarding English and French in the Charter are special rights, which raises the question of whether such rights can be justified in a democracy. However, Green writes that the special rights can be justified if this "leaves speakers of other languages no worse off than they would have been" if the special rights for English and French did not exist. Green points to section 22 as evidence that other languages are not harmed by the rights regarding English and French. Indeed, the fact that the Charter allows for English and French to be used in the government does not harm other languages, because the numbers of English and French Canadians mean that those languages would be used in the government anyway. Still, Green acknowledged that "tolerance" of languages besides English and French could be improved. Justice Bastarache and fellow-experts also relate section 22 to upholding Canadian multiculturalism.
|
instance of
| 5 |
[
"type of",
"example of",
"manifestation of",
"representation of"
] | null | null |
[
"Section 27 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms",
"instance of",
"legislation"
] |
Section 27 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is a section of the Charter that, as part of a range of provisions within the section 25 to section 31 bloc, helps determine how rights in other sections of the Charter should be interpreted and applied by the courts. It is believed that section 27 "officially recognized" a Canadian value, namely multiculturalism.
|
instance of
| 5 |
[
"type of",
"example of",
"manifestation of",
"representation of"
] | null | null |
[
"Section 28 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms",
"part of",
"Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms"
] |
28. Notwithstanding anything in this Charter, the rights and freedoms referred to in it are guaranteed equally to male and female persons.
|
part of
| 15 |
[
"a component of",
"a constituent of",
"an element of",
"a fragment of",
"a portion of"
] | null | null |
[
"Section 28 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms",
"instance of",
"legislation"
] |
28. Notwithstanding anything in this Charter, the rights and freedoms referred to in it are guaranteed equally to male and female persons.
|
instance of
| 5 |
[
"type of",
"example of",
"manifestation of",
"representation of"
] | null | null |
[
"Section 30 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms",
"instance of",
"legislation"
] |
Section 30 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is a section that, like other provisions within the section 25 to section 31 block, provides a guide as to how Charter rights should be interpreted and applied by Canadian courts. It addresses how the Charter applies in the territories of Canada. In 1982, when it became law, these were the Northwest Territories and the Yukon Territory. The Yukon Territory is now called Yukon, and Nunavut was created from the eastern Northwest Territories to become Canada's third territory in 1999.Text
The section reads,
|
instance of
| 5 |
[
"type of",
"example of",
"manifestation of",
"representation of"
] | null | null |
[
"Section 33 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms",
"instance of",
"legislation"
] |
Section 33 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is part of the Constitution of Canada. It is commonly known as the notwithstanding clause (French: clause dérogatoire or clause nonobstant), sometimes referred to as the override power, and it allows Parliament or provincial legislatures to temporarily override sections 2 and 7–15 of the Charter.Text
The section states:Section 33.
(1) Parliament or the legislature of a province may expressly declare in an Act of Parliament or of the legislature, as the case may be, that the Act or a provision thereof shall operate notwithstanding a provision included in section 2 or sections 7 to 15.(2) An Act or a provision of an Act in respect of which a declaration made under this section is in effect shall have such operation as it would have but for the provision of this Charter referred to in the declaration.(3) A declaration made under subsection (1) shall cease to have effect five years after it comes into force or on such earlier date as may be specified in the declaration.(4) Parliament or the legislature of a province may re-enact a declaration made under subsection (1).(5) Subsection (3) applies in respect of a re-enactment made under subsection (4).
|
instance of
| 5 |
[
"type of",
"example of",
"manifestation of",
"representation of"
] | null | null |
[
"Section 34 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms",
"part of",
"Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms"
] |
Section 34 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is the last section of Canada's Charter of Rights, which is entrenched in the Constitution Act, 1982. Section 34 provides guidance for the legal citation of the Charter.
The section has been interpreted by Canadian writers, who have analyzed both its intention and its meaning. Because the section affirms the name of the Charter and thus entrenches it in the Constitution Act, it came into focus in 1994 when a Member of Parliament (MP) proposed to change the name of the Charter.
|
part of
| 15 |
[
"a component of",
"a constituent of",
"an element of",
"a fragment of",
"a portion of"
] | null | null |
[
"Section 3 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms",
"instance of",
"legislation"
] |
Section 3 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is a section that constitutionally guarantees Canadian citizens the democratic right to vote in a general federal or provincial election and the right to be eligible for membership in the House of Commons or of a provincial legislative assembly, subject to the requirements of Section 1 of the Charter. Federal judges, prisoners and those in mental institutions have gained the franchise as a result of this provision, whereas the restriction on minors voting was found to be permissible due to section 1.
Section 3 is one of the provisions in the Charter that cannot be overridden by Parliament or a legislative assembly under Section 33 of the Charter, the notwithstanding clause. Section 3's exemption from Section 33 provides extra legal protection to the right to vote and it may prevent Parliament or the provincial governments from disenfranchising any Canadian citizen for ideological or political purposes, among others.
|
instance of
| 5 |
[
"type of",
"example of",
"manifestation of",
"representation of"
] | null | null |
[
"Section 4 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms",
"instance of",
"legislation"
] |
Section 4 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is the second of three democratic rights sections in the Charter, enshrining a constitutional requirement for regular federal, provincial and territorial elections that cannot be arbitrarily delayed or suspended. Subsection 4(1) provides that the maximum term of the House of Commons of Canada, and of all provincial and territorial legislative assemblies, is five years. A narrow exception to this rule in case of war or rebellion is provided under subsection 4(2), but any extension would still require support of a two-thirds majority in each affected legislature.
|
instance of
| 5 |
[
"type of",
"example of",
"manifestation of",
"representation of"
] | null | null |
[
"Section 5 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms",
"instance of",
"legislation"
] |
Section 5 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is a part of the Constitution of Canada, and the last of three democratic rights in the Charter. Its role is to establish a rule regarding how frequently the Parliament of Canada and the legislatures of the provinces and territories of Canada must meet. This section is thus meant to reflect and constitutionally guarantee a "basic democratic principle" that "a government must explain its actions to the people."The section reads,
|
instance of
| 5 |
[
"type of",
"example of",
"manifestation of",
"representation of"
] | null | null |
[
"Section 6 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms",
"instance of",
"legislation"
] |
Section 6 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is the section of the Canadian Constitution that protects the mobility rights of Canadian citizens, and to a lesser extent that of permanent residents. By mobility rights, the section refers to the individual practice of entering and exiting Canada, and moving within its boundaries. The section is subject to the section 1 Oakes test, but cannot be nullified by the notwithstanding clause.
Along with the language rights in the Charter (sections 16–23), section 6 was meant to protect Canadian unity.
|
instance of
| 5 |
[
"type of",
"example of",
"manifestation of",
"representation of"
] | null | null |
[
"Section 9 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms",
"part of",
"Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms"
] |
9. Everyone has the right not to be arbitrarily detained or imprisoned.
|
part of
| 15 |
[
"a component of",
"a constituent of",
"an element of",
"a fragment of",
"a portion of"
] | null | null |
[
"Canadian Hurricane Centre",
"country",
"Canada"
] |
The Canadian Hurricane Centre (CHC; French: Centre canadien de prévision des ouragans) is an organisation that monitors and warns of the threat of tropical cyclones such as hurricanes and tropical storms. CHC is a division of the Meteorological Service of Canada, which is in turn an agency of Environment Canada. Founded in 1987, CHC provides guidance to MSC's weather centres in eastern and Atlantic Canada, and is based in Dartmouth, Nova Scotia. CHC frequently consults with its United States counterpart, the National Hurricane Center in Miami, to coordinate the tracks and positions of storms that pose a threat to Canada.History
1985's Hurricane Gloria and its less-than-expected damage prompted Environment Canada to create the CHC due to confusion between information received from the US National Hurricane Centre and US media and on-the-ground information and observations. Its first hurricane warnings were issued in 2008 for Hurricane Kyle, which struck near Yarmouth, Nova Scotia on September 28, 2008, and quickly became extratropical while maintaining much of its strength into New Brunswick and Labrador.
|
country
| 7 |
[
"Nation",
"State",
"Land",
"Territory"
] | null | null |
[
"Canadian Hurricane Centre",
"part of",
"Meteorological Service of Canada"
] |
The Canadian Hurricane Centre (CHC; French: Centre canadien de prévision des ouragans) is an organisation that monitors and warns of the threat of tropical cyclones such as hurricanes and tropical storms. CHC is a division of the Meteorological Service of Canada, which is in turn an agency of Environment Canada. Founded in 1987, CHC provides guidance to MSC's weather centres in eastern and Atlantic Canada, and is based in Dartmouth, Nova Scotia. CHC frequently consults with its United States counterpart, the National Hurricane Center in Miami, to coordinate the tracks and positions of storms that pose a threat to Canada.
|
part of
| 15 |
[
"a component of",
"a constituent of",
"an element of",
"a fragment of",
"a portion of"
] | null | null |
[
"Canadian Hurricane Centre",
"headquarters location",
"Dartmouth"
] |
The Canadian Hurricane Centre (CHC; French: Centre canadien de prévision des ouragans) is an organisation that monitors and warns of the threat of tropical cyclones such as hurricanes and tropical storms. CHC is a division of the Meteorological Service of Canada, which is in turn an agency of Environment Canada. Founded in 1987, CHC provides guidance to MSC's weather centres in eastern and Atlantic Canada, and is based in Dartmouth, Nova Scotia. CHC frequently consults with its United States counterpart, the National Hurricane Center in Miami, to coordinate the tracks and positions of storms that pose a threat to Canada.
|
headquarters location
| 16 |
[
"head office location",
"home office location",
"central office location",
"main office location",
"corporate headquarters"
] | null | null |
[
"Chief of Staff to the Prime Minister (Canada)",
"instance of",
"chief of staff"
] |
The Chief of Staff to the Prime Minister is the top official in Canada's Prime Minister's Office (PMO). The position was created in 1987 to head the PMO.Prior to the creation of the chief of staff position, the office was headed by the prime minister's principal secretary, a position that is now secondary to the chief of staff. Individuals who held the position of principal secretary prior to 1987 were essentially de facto chiefs of staff, and may sometimes be informally referred to as chiefs of staff in some sources, but did not hold the formal title chief of staff.
Bernard Roy, Brian Mulroney's principal secretary from 1984 to 1988, was the last principal secretary to act as head of the PMO before the creation of the chief of staff position.
|
instance of
| 5 |
[
"type of",
"example of",
"manifestation of",
"representation of"
] | null | null |
[
"2006 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election",
"country",
"Canada"
] |
The 2006 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election was prompted by outgoing Prime Minister Paul Martin's announcement that he would not lead the Liberal Party of Canada into another election, following his party's defeat in the 2006 federal election in Canada. The party's biennial convention, already scheduled to occur from November 29 to December 1, 2006 in Montreal's Palais des congrès, was followed by the party's leadership convention at the same venue occurring December 2 to December 3, 2006. As the winner, Stéphane Dion led the Liberal Party into the 2008 federal election.
The party constitution set out a process by which the party leader would be chosen by several thousand delegates, who were elected by riding associations, women's associations, and Young Liberal clubs in proportion to the number of votes they received at a delegate selection meeting of the general membership of that association. Hundreds of other ex officio delegates were automatically awarded delegate spots at the convention, including Liberal Members of Parliament, Senators, riding association presidents, past candidates and members of provincial or territorial association executive boards.
As stipulated by the party constitution, the selection of delegates for the convention had to occur 35 to 59 days prior to the convention, and only Liberals who had joined the party at least 90 days before the delegate-selection meetings could vote for delegates, although there was no deadline for becoming delegates themselves. As a result, the early months of the leadership race were dominated by competing drives to sign up members who were likely to back the various candidacies.
The convention date was approximately three years after the 2003 convention, in which Paul Martin was selected after years of conflict between his faction of the party and that of outgoing Prime Minister Jean Chrétien.
After four ballots, former cabinet minister and dark horse candidate Stéphane Dion won the leadership on December 2, 2006.
As of 2022, this remains the only Liberal Party leadership convention since 1958 in which none of the contenders had previously run for the party's leadership. Michael Ignatieff, who finished as runner-up, would later run again for the party's leadership in 2009 and was elected unopposed, while Martha Hall Findlay, who was eliminated in the first round of this election, ran again in 2013, finishing third.
|
country
| 7 |
[
"Nation",
"State",
"Land",
"Territory"
] | null | null |
[
"2006 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election",
"has part(s)",
"2006 Liberal leadership bid by Stéphane Dion"
] |
The 2006 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election was prompted by outgoing Prime Minister Paul Martin's announcement that he would not lead the Liberal Party of Canada into another election, following his party's defeat in the 2006 federal election in Canada. The party's biennial convention, already scheduled to occur from November 29 to December 1, 2006 in Montreal's Palais des congrès, was followed by the party's leadership convention at the same venue occurring December 2 to December 3, 2006. As the winner, Stéphane Dion led the Liberal Party into the 2008 federal election.
The party constitution set out a process by which the party leader would be chosen by several thousand delegates, who were elected by riding associations, women's associations, and Young Liberal clubs in proportion to the number of votes they received at a delegate selection meeting of the general membership of that association. Hundreds of other ex officio delegates were automatically awarded delegate spots at the convention, including Liberal Members of Parliament, Senators, riding association presidents, past candidates and members of provincial or territorial association executive boards.
As stipulated by the party constitution, the selection of delegates for the convention had to occur 35 to 59 days prior to the convention, and only Liberals who had joined the party at least 90 days before the delegate-selection meetings could vote for delegates, although there was no deadline for becoming delegates themselves. As a result, the early months of the leadership race were dominated by competing drives to sign up members who were likely to back the various candidacies.
The convention date was approximately three years after the 2003 convention, in which Paul Martin was selected after years of conflict between his faction of the party and that of outgoing Prime Minister Jean Chrétien.
After four ballots, former cabinet minister and dark horse candidate Stéphane Dion won the leadership on December 2, 2006.
As of 2022, this remains the only Liberal Party leadership convention since 1958 in which none of the contenders had previously run for the party's leadership. Michael Ignatieff, who finished as runner-up, would later run again for the party's leadership in 2009 and was elected unopposed, while Martha Hall Findlay, who was eliminated in the first round of this election, ran again in 2013, finishing third.
|
has part(s)
| 19 |
[
"contains",
"comprises",
"includes",
"consists of",
"has components"
] | null | null |
[
"2006 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election",
"instance of",
"leadership election"
] |
The 2006 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election was prompted by outgoing Prime Minister Paul Martin's announcement that he would not lead the Liberal Party of Canada into another election, following his party's defeat in the 2006 federal election in Canada. The party's biennial convention, already scheduled to occur from November 29 to December 1, 2006 in Montreal's Palais des congrès, was followed by the party's leadership convention at the same venue occurring December 2 to December 3, 2006. As the winner, Stéphane Dion led the Liberal Party into the 2008 federal election.
The party constitution set out a process by which the party leader would be chosen by several thousand delegates, who were elected by riding associations, women's associations, and Young Liberal clubs in proportion to the number of votes they received at a delegate selection meeting of the general membership of that association. Hundreds of other ex officio delegates were automatically awarded delegate spots at the convention, including Liberal Members of Parliament, Senators, riding association presidents, past candidates and members of provincial or territorial association executive boards.
As stipulated by the party constitution, the selection of delegates for the convention had to occur 35 to 59 days prior to the convention, and only Liberals who had joined the party at least 90 days before the delegate-selection meetings could vote for delegates, although there was no deadline for becoming delegates themselves. As a result, the early months of the leadership race were dominated by competing drives to sign up members who were likely to back the various candidacies.
The convention date was approximately three years after the 2003 convention, in which Paul Martin was selected after years of conflict between his faction of the party and that of outgoing Prime Minister Jean Chrétien.
After four ballots, former cabinet minister and dark horse candidate Stéphane Dion won the leadership on December 2, 2006.
As of 2022, this remains the only Liberal Party leadership convention since 1958 in which none of the contenders had previously run for the party's leadership. Michael Ignatieff, who finished as runner-up, would later run again for the party's leadership in 2009 and was elected unopposed, while Martha Hall Findlay, who was eliminated in the first round of this election, ran again in 2013, finishing third.
|
instance of
| 5 |
[
"type of",
"example of",
"manifestation of",
"representation of"
] | null | null |
[
"Tax Court of Canada",
"instance of",
"court system of Canada"
] |
The Tax Court of Canada (TCC; French: Cour canadienne de l'impôt), established in 1983 by the Tax Court of Canada Act, is a federal superior court which deals with matters involving companies or individuals and tax issues with the Government of Canada.
|
instance of
| 5 |
[
"type of",
"example of",
"manifestation of",
"representation of"
] | null | null |
[
"Tax Court of Canada",
"instance of",
"Tax court"
] |
The Tax Court of Canada (TCC; French: Cour canadienne de l'impôt), established in 1983 by the Tax Court of Canada Act, is a federal superior court which deals with matters involving companies or individuals and tax issues with the Government of Canada.
|
instance of
| 5 |
[
"type of",
"example of",
"manifestation of",
"representation of"
] | null | null |
[
"Federal Court (Canada)",
"replaces",
"Federal Court of Canada"
] |
History
The Court was created on July 2, 2003 by the Courts Administration Service Act when it and the Federal Court of Appeal were split from their predecessor, the Federal Court of Canada (which had been created June 1, 1971, through the enactment of the Federal Court Act, subsequently renamed the Federal Courts Act. The Court's authority comes from the Federal Courts Act.
On October 24, 2008, the Federal Court was given its own armorial bearings by the Governor General, the third court in Canada to be given its own Coat of Arms – after the Court Martial Appeal Court of Canada and Ontario Superior Court of Justice. The coat of arms features a newly created fantastical creature, the winged sea caribou, as the supporters, representing the provision of justice on air, land and sea.
|
replaces
| 10 |
[
"succeeds",
"supersedes",
"substitutes",
"takes over",
"fills in for"
] | null | null |
[
"Copyright law of Canada",
"instance of",
"law"
] |
The copyright law of Canada governs the legally enforceable rights to creative and artistic works under the laws of Canada. Canada passed its first colonial copyright statute in 1832 but was subject to imperial copyright law established by Britain until 1921. Current copyright law was established by the Copyright Act of Canada which was first passed in 1921 and substantially amended in 1988, 1997, and 2012. All powers to legislate copyright law are in the jurisdiction of the Parliament of Canada by virtue of section 91(23) of the Constitution Act, 1867.
|
instance of
| 5 |
[
"type of",
"example of",
"manifestation of",
"representation of"
] | null | null |
[
"Copyright law of Canada",
"main subject",
"copyright"
] |
The copyright law of Canada governs the legally enforceable rights to creative and artistic works under the laws of Canada. Canada passed its first colonial copyright statute in 1832 but was subject to imperial copyright law established by Britain until 1921. Current copyright law was established by the Copyright Act of Canada which was first passed in 1921 and substantially amended in 1988, 1997, and 2012. All powers to legislate copyright law are in the jurisdiction of the Parliament of Canada by virtue of section 91(23) of the Constitution Act, 1867.
|
main subject
| 130 |
[
"focus",
"central theme",
"central topic",
"main theme",
"primary subject"
] | null | null |
[
"Egan v Canada",
"country",
"Canada"
] |
Egan v Canada, [1995] 2 SCR 513 was one of a trilogy of equality rights cases published by a very divided Supreme Court of Canada in the spring of 1995. It stands today as a landmark Supreme Court case which established that sexual orientation constitutes a prohibited basis of discrimination under section 15 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.
|
country
| 7 |
[
"Nation",
"State",
"Land",
"Territory"
] | null | null |
[
"Egan v Canada",
"instance of",
"decision of the Supreme Court of Canada"
] |
Egan v Canada, [1995] 2 SCR 513 was one of a trilogy of equality rights cases published by a very divided Supreme Court of Canada in the spring of 1995. It stands today as a landmark Supreme Court case which established that sexual orientation constitutes a prohibited basis of discrimination under section 15 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.Significance of Egan v. Canada as a precedent
Victory for gay rights
Although the Supreme Court of Canada dismissed the appeal, Egan v. Canada created an important precedent for gay rights activists. The Court unanimously held that sexual orientation is an analogous ground under Section 15 of the Charter and is therefore a prohibited ground of discrimination. Writing for the plurality, La Forest noted:
|
instance of
| 5 |
[
"type of",
"example of",
"manifestation of",
"representation of"
] | null | null |
[
"Infrastructure Canada",
"country",
"Canada"
] |
Infrastructure Canada (INFC) is a department of the Government of Canada responsible for the federal public infrastructure policy. Construction and development of infrastructure is primarily the responsibility of provincial/territorial and municipal governments, as such, much of the department's work involves co-financing projects with other levels of government.
The department is responsible to Parliament through the minister of intergovernmental affairs, infrastructure and communities.History
The Office of Infrastructure of Canada (Infrastructure Canada) was created as a federal department in 2002 via an Order in Council issued pursuant to the Financial Administration Act. The department was mandated to enter into funding agreements with Canada's provinces, territories and municipalities for the purpose of supporting strategic infrastructure projects across Canada.There are two programs managed by the department that have their own federal legislation: the Canada Strategic Infrastructure Fund, and the Gas Tax Fund.
|
country
| 7 |
[
"Nation",
"State",
"Land",
"Territory"
] | null | null |
[
"Infrastructure Canada",
"instance of",
"Canadian federal department"
] |
Infrastructure Canada (INFC) is a department of the Government of Canada responsible for the federal public infrastructure policy. Construction and development of infrastructure is primarily the responsibility of provincial/territorial and municipal governments, as such, much of the department's work involves co-financing projects with other levels of government.
The department is responsible to Parliament through the minister of intergovernmental affairs, infrastructure and communities.History
The Office of Infrastructure of Canada (Infrastructure Canada) was created as a federal department in 2002 via an Order in Council issued pursuant to the Financial Administration Act. The department was mandated to enter into funding agreements with Canada's provinces, territories and municipalities for the purpose of supporting strategic infrastructure projects across Canada.There are two programs managed by the department that have their own federal legislation: the Canada Strategic Infrastructure Fund, and the Gas Tax Fund.Programs
Infrastructure Canada is the lead federal department responsible for infrastructure policy development and program delivery. The department makes investments for both local and regional infrastructure needs. In the first year after its creation, the department invested mostly in water and wastewater plants, highways, culture, recreation, and broadband projects.During the Great Recession, the department was tasked with implementing the Harper government's economic stimulus package.In January 2016 the Trudeau government announced a two-year, $10 billion plan to repair infrastructure across the country.
|
instance of
| 5 |
[
"type of",
"example of",
"manifestation of",
"representation of"
] | null | null |
[
"Minister of Health (Canada)",
"country",
"Canada"
] |
The minister of health (French: ministre de la santé) is the minister of the Crown in the Canadian Cabinet who is responsible for overseeing health-focused government agencies including Health Canada and the Public Health Agency of Canada, as well as enforcing the Canada Health Act, the law governing Canada's universal health care system.
The current minister is Jean-Yves Duclos.The minister is responsible for the federal government's Health Portfolio, which comprises:
Canadian Food Inspection Agency
Canadian Institutes of Health Research
Health Canada
Patented Medicine Prices Review Board
Public Health Agency of CanadaAs of 2023, the Health Portfolio consists of approximately 12,000 full-time equivalent employees and an annual budget of over $3.8 billion.
|
country
| 7 |
[
"Nation",
"State",
"Land",
"Territory"
] | null | null |
[
"Minister of Veterans Affairs (Canada)",
"subclass of",
"Minister of the Crown"
] |
The minister of veterans affairs (French: ministre des anciens combattants) is the minister of the Crown responsible for the Veterans Affairs Canada, the department of the Government of Canada responsible for administering benefits for members and veterans of the Canadian Armed Forces, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, and their family members and caregivers.
Since forming government in 2015, Justin Trudeau has appointed the minister of veterans affairs as associate minister of national defence.
|
subclass of
| 109 |
[
"is a type of",
"is a kind of",
"is a subtype of",
"belongs to category",
"is classified as"
] | null | null |
[
"Minister of Finance (Canada)",
"country",
"Canada"
] |
The minister of finance (French: ministre des Finances) is the minister of the Crown in the Canadian Cabinet, who is responsible for overseeing the Department of Finance and presenting the federal government's budget each year. It is one of the most important positions in the Cabinet.
Chrystia Freeland is the 40th and current finance minister, assuming the role in August 2020 following the resignation of Bill Morneau. She concurrently is the deputy prime minister of Canada.
Because of the prominence and responsibility of this cabinet position, it is not uncommon for former ministers of finance to later become prime minister. Charles Tupper, R. B. Bennett, John Turner, Jean Chrétien, and Paul Martin all became prime minister after previously serving as minister of finance.
|
country
| 7 |
[
"Nation",
"State",
"Land",
"Territory"
] | null | null |
[
"Minister of Transport (Canada)",
"country",
"Canada"
] |
The minister of transport (French: ministre des transports) is a minister of the Crown in the Canadian Cabinet. The minister is responsible for overseeing the federal government's transportation regulatory and development department, Transport Canada, as well as Canada Post, the Saint Lawrence Seaway, Nav Canada, and the Port Authority system. Since 12 January 2021, the position has been held by Omar Alghabra of the Liberal Party.History
The Constitution Act, 1867 under section 92(10) established federal responsibility for land and sea transportation between provinces and internationally. Most transportation duties and powers were placed under the minister of public works, with responsibilities for ports and harbours going to the minister of marine and fisheries. In 1879, the Department of Public Works was divided in two, with powers and duties over rail and inland sea transport going to the newly formed minister of railways and canals. The minister of railways and canals was one of the most important cabinet posts because of the importance of railways to the economic development of Canada, with three prime ministers assuming the position either before or during their premiership.
In Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King's third cabinet in 1935, C. D. Howe was appointed to both the minister of railways and canals and the minister of marine, which was a short-lived position split from the minister of marine and fisheries in 1930. The office of Minister of Transport was created by Mackenzie King in 1936, which was formally a successor to the minister of railways and canals, and C. D. Howe was appointed as the first Minister of Transport.From 2006 to 2013, the position was styled Minister of Transport, Infrastructure and Communities, a name change corresponding with responsibility for Infrastructure Canada being transferred to the portfolio at that time. "Minister of Transport" remained the title for legal purposes. With the Cabinet shuffle of July 15, 2013, Infrastructure and Communities portfolio was separated from Transport and assigned to the minister of intergovernmental affairs.Transport Canada used to manage most of Canada's major airports, but in the 1990s, most airports were off-loaded to non-profit private airport authorities. The department is now responsible for transportation safety, appointments to Boards of Governors, and regulation management.
|
country
| 7 |
[
"Nation",
"State",
"Land",
"Territory"
] | null | null |
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