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[
"Ede Király",
"country of citizenship",
"Hungary"
] |
Ede Király (23 February 1926 – 10 August 2009) was a Hungarian figure skater. As a competitor in men's singles, he was a three-time World medalist (silver in 1949 and 1950, bronze in 1948), the 1950 European champion, and a six-time Hungarian national champion. Competing in pairs with Andrea Kékesy, he became the 1948 Olympic silver medalist, the 1949 World champion, and a two-time European champion (1948–1949).
In the 1950s, Király became a coach in Oshawa, Ontario, Canada.
|
country of citizenship
| 63 |
[
"citizenship country",
"place of citizenship",
"country of origin",
"citizenship nation",
"country of citizenship status"
] | null | null |
[
"Ede Király",
"country for sport",
"Hungary"
] |
Ede Király (23 February 1926 – 10 August 2009) was a Hungarian figure skater. As a competitor in men's singles, he was a three-time World medalist (silver in 1949 and 1950, bronze in 1948), the 1950 European champion, and a six-time Hungarian national champion. Competing in pairs with Andrea Kékesy, he became the 1948 Olympic silver medalist, the 1949 World champion, and a two-time European champion (1948–1949).
In the 1950s, Király became a coach in Oshawa, Ontario, Canada.
|
country for sport
| 88 |
[
"Nation for athletics",
"Country for sports",
"State for sporting activities",
"Territory for athletic training",
"Land for physical exercise"
] | null | null |
[
"Ede Király",
"sport",
"figure skating"
] |
Ede Király (23 February 1926 – 10 August 2009) was a Hungarian figure skater. As a competitor in men's singles, he was a three-time World medalist (silver in 1949 and 1950, bronze in 1948), the 1950 European champion, and a six-time Hungarian national champion. Competing in pairs with Andrea Kékesy, he became the 1948 Olympic silver medalist, the 1949 World champion, and a two-time European champion (1948–1949).
In the 1950s, Király became a coach in Oshawa, Ontario, Canada.
|
sport
| 89 |
[
"athletics",
"competitive physical activity",
"physical competition"
] | null | null |
[
"Ede Király",
"sex or gender",
"male"
] |
Ede Király (23 February 1926 – 10 August 2009) was a Hungarian figure skater. As a competitor in men's singles, he was a three-time World medalist (silver in 1949 and 1950, bronze in 1948), the 1950 European champion, and a six-time Hungarian national champion. Competing in pairs with Andrea Kékesy, he became the 1948 Olympic silver medalist, the 1949 World champion, and a two-time European champion (1948–1949).
In the 1950s, Király became a coach in Oshawa, Ontario, Canada.Results
Men's singles
Pairs with Kékesy
References
External links
Ede Király at the International Olympic Committee
Ede Király at the Magyar Olimpiai Bizottság (in Hungarian) (English translation)
Skating in Hungary at the Wayback Machine (archived July 7, 2006)
|
sex or gender
| 65 |
[
"biological sex",
"gender identity",
"gender expression",
"sexual orientation",
"gender classification"
] | null | null |
[
"Ede Király",
"sports discipline competed in",
"pair skating"
] |
Ede Király (23 February 1926 – 10 August 2009) was a Hungarian figure skater. As a competitor in men's singles, he was a three-time World medalist (silver in 1949 and 1950, bronze in 1948), the 1950 European champion, and a six-time Hungarian national champion. Competing in pairs with Andrea Kékesy, he became the 1948 Olympic silver medalist, the 1949 World champion, and a two-time European champion (1948–1949).
In the 1950s, Király became a coach in Oshawa, Ontario, Canada.
|
sports discipline competed in
| 90 |
[
"sport of competition",
"athletic discipline competed in",
"event competed in",
"sport played",
"sport contested"
] | null | null |
[
"Ede Király",
"participant in",
"figure skating at the 1948 Winter Olympics – pairs"
] |
Ede Király (23 February 1926 – 10 August 2009) was a Hungarian figure skater. As a competitor in men's singles, he was a three-time World medalist (silver in 1949 and 1950, bronze in 1948), the 1950 European champion, and a six-time Hungarian national champion. Competing in pairs with Andrea Kékesy, he became the 1948 Olympic silver medalist, the 1949 World champion, and a two-time European champion (1948–1949).
In the 1950s, Király became a coach in Oshawa, Ontario, Canada.
|
participant in
| 50 |
[
"engaged in",
"involved in",
"took part in",
"played a role in",
"contributed to"
] | null | null |
[
"Ede Király",
"given name",
"Ede"
] |
Ede Király (23 February 1926 – 10 August 2009) was a Hungarian figure skater. As a competitor in men's singles, he was a three-time World medalist (silver in 1949 and 1950, bronze in 1948), the 1950 European champion, and a six-time Hungarian national champion. Competing in pairs with Andrea Kékesy, he became the 1948 Olympic silver medalist, the 1949 World champion, and a two-time European champion (1948–1949).
In the 1950s, Király became a coach in Oshawa, Ontario, Canada.
|
given name
| 60 |
[
"first name",
"forename",
"given title",
"personal name"
] | null | null |
[
"Ede Király",
"family name",
"Király"
] |
Ede Király (23 February 1926 – 10 August 2009) was a Hungarian figure skater. As a competitor in men's singles, he was a three-time World medalist (silver in 1949 and 1950, bronze in 1948), the 1950 European champion, and a six-time Hungarian national champion. Competing in pairs with Andrea Kékesy, he became the 1948 Olympic silver medalist, the 1949 World champion, and a two-time European champion (1948–1949).
In the 1950s, Király became a coach in Oshawa, Ontario, Canada.
|
family name
| 54 |
[
"surname",
"last name",
"patronymic",
"family surname",
"clan name"
] | null | null |
[
"Volodymyr Malanczuk",
"place of death",
"Canada"
] |
Biography
Born in Bazar, Austro-Hungarian Empire (present day – Ternopil Oblast, Ukraine) in the Ukrainian peasant family in 1904. He professed as Redemptorist on 21 September 1925 and was ordained a priest on 26 April 1931 by Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytsky. He worked as Vicar General for the Ukrainians in the United Kingdom from 1949 to 1951 and as Provincial Superior of the Ukrainian Redemptorists in Canada from 1951 to 1961.He was appointed by the Holy See an Apostolic Exarch of the new created Apostolic Exarchat of France for the Ukrainians on 22 July 1960. He was consecrated to the Episcopate on 19 February 1961. The principal consecrator was Archbishop Maxim Hermaniuk, and the principal co-consecrators were Bishop Ambrose Senyshyn and Bishop Isidore Borecky in Winnipeg, Manitoba. Bishop Malanczuk retired on 27 November 1982.He participated in the Second Vatican Council as a Council Father in 1960th. He died in Winnipeg on 29 September 1990.
|
place of death
| 45 |
[
"location of death",
"death place",
"place where they died",
"place of passing",
"final resting place"
] | null | null |
[
"Ern Baxter",
"family name",
"Baxter"
] |
William John Ernest (Ern) Baxter (1914–1993) was a Canadian Pentecostal evangelist.Early life
Born in Saskatchewan, Canada, he was baptised into a Presbyterian family. His mother was involved with a holiness church and following his father’s conversion they went into classical Pentecostalism. Their city was visited by a Scandinavian itinerant minister with a "signs and wonders" approach to Christianity. While in the Baxter’s home city, he taught on the baptism in the Holy Spirit. Ern Baxter’s mother was the first in those meetings to receive the "baptism of power." Baxter recalled seeing his father help her into the house drunk in the Spirit. Later in his teenage years, Baxter went through a period where he lost his faith in reaction to the legalism of religion and became seriously ill from pneumonia. Two events brought him back to Christianity – a miracle of healing and the words of a friend: "Ern, being a Christian isn’t about what you do for God, it’s about what God in Christ Jesus has done and will continue to do for you".
|
family name
| 54 |
[
"surname",
"last name",
"patronymic",
"family surname",
"clan name"
] | null | null |
[
"Ern Baxter",
"country of citizenship",
"Canada"
] |
William John Ernest (Ern) Baxter (1914–1993) was a Canadian Pentecostal evangelist.Early life
Born in Saskatchewan, Canada, he was baptised into a Presbyterian family. His mother was involved with a holiness church and following his father’s conversion they went into classical Pentecostalism. Their city was visited by a Scandinavian itinerant minister with a "signs and wonders" approach to Christianity. While in the Baxter’s home city, he taught on the baptism in the Holy Spirit. Ern Baxter’s mother was the first in those meetings to receive the "baptism of power." Baxter recalled seeing his father help her into the house drunk in the Spirit. Later in his teenage years, Baxter went through a period where he lost his faith in reaction to the legalism of religion and became seriously ill from pneumonia. Two events brought him back to Christianity – a miracle of healing and the words of a friend: "Ern, being a Christian isn’t about what you do for God, it’s about what God in Christ Jesus has done and will continue to do for you".
|
country of citizenship
| 63 |
[
"citizenship country",
"place of citizenship",
"country of origin",
"citizenship nation",
"country of citizenship status"
] | null | null |
[
"Ern Baxter",
"given name",
"Ern"
] |
William John Ernest (Ern) Baxter (1914–1993) was a Canadian Pentecostal evangelist.Early life
Born in Saskatchewan, Canada, he was baptised into a Presbyterian family. His mother was involved with a holiness church and following his father’s conversion they went into classical Pentecostalism. Their city was visited by a Scandinavian itinerant minister with a "signs and wonders" approach to Christianity. While in the Baxter’s home city, he taught on the baptism in the Holy Spirit. Ern Baxter’s mother was the first in those meetings to receive the "baptism of power." Baxter recalled seeing his father help her into the house drunk in the Spirit. Later in his teenage years, Baxter went through a period where he lost his faith in reaction to the legalism of religion and became seriously ill from pneumonia. Two events brought him back to Christianity – a miracle of healing and the words of a friend: "Ern, being a Christian isn’t about what you do for God, it’s about what God in Christ Jesus has done and will continue to do for you".
|
given name
| 60 |
[
"first name",
"forename",
"given title",
"personal name"
] | null | null |
[
"Ern Baxter",
"place of birth",
"Saskatoon"
] |
Early life
Born in Saskatchewan, Canada, he was baptised into a Presbyterian family. His mother was involved with a holiness church and following his father’s conversion they went into classical Pentecostalism. Their city was visited by a Scandinavian itinerant minister with a "signs and wonders" approach to Christianity. While in the Baxter’s home city, he taught on the baptism in the Holy Spirit. Ern Baxter’s mother was the first in those meetings to receive the "baptism of power." Baxter recalled seeing his father help her into the house drunk in the Spirit. Later in his teenage years, Baxter went through a period where he lost his faith in reaction to the legalism of religion and became seriously ill from pneumonia. Two events brought him back to Christianity – a miracle of healing and the words of a friend: "Ern, being a Christian isn’t about what you do for God, it’s about what God in Christ Jesus has done and will continue to do for you".
|
place of birth
| 42 |
[
"birthplace",
"place of origin",
"native place",
"homeland",
"birth city"
] | null | null |
[
"Ern Baxter",
"sex or gender",
"male"
] |
William John Ernest (Ern) Baxter (1914–1993) was a Canadian Pentecostal evangelist.Early life
Born in Saskatchewan, Canada, he was baptised into a Presbyterian family. His mother was involved with a holiness church and following his father’s conversion they went into classical Pentecostalism. Their city was visited by a Scandinavian itinerant minister with a "signs and wonders" approach to Christianity. While in the Baxter’s home city, he taught on the baptism in the Holy Spirit. Ern Baxter’s mother was the first in those meetings to receive the "baptism of power." Baxter recalled seeing his father help her into the house drunk in the Spirit. Later in his teenage years, Baxter went through a period where he lost his faith in reaction to the legalism of religion and became seriously ill from pneumonia. Two events brought him back to Christianity – a miracle of healing and the words of a friend: "Ern, being a Christian isn’t about what you do for God, it’s about what God in Christ Jesus has done and will continue to do for you".
|
sex or gender
| 65 |
[
"biological sex",
"gender identity",
"gender expression",
"sexual orientation",
"gender classification"
] | null | null |
[
"Win Mortimer",
"country of citizenship",
"Canada"
] |
Biography
Early life and career
Win Mortimer was born in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Trained as an artist by his father, who worked for a lithography company, and at the Art Students League of New York, Mortimer found work as an illustrator after a short stint in the Canadian Army during World War II. Discharged in 1943, Mortimer found work designing posters.
|
country of citizenship
| 63 |
[
"citizenship country",
"place of citizenship",
"country of origin",
"citizenship nation",
"country of citizenship status"
] | null | null |
[
"Win Mortimer",
"conflict",
"World War II"
] |
Biography
Early life and career
Win Mortimer was born in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Trained as an artist by his father, who worked for a lithography company, and at the Art Students League of New York, Mortimer found work as an illustrator after a short stint in the Canadian Army during World War II. Discharged in 1943, Mortimer found work designing posters.
|
conflict
| 28 |
[
"battle",
"warfare",
"struggle",
"fighting",
"combat"
] | null | null |
[
"Win Mortimer",
"field of work",
"comics"
] |
DC Comics
Mortimer began working for DC Comics in 1945, and quickly became a cover artist for comics featuring Superman, Superboy and Batman. His first known comics work is as the penciler and inker of the 12-page lead Batman story, "The Batman Goes Broke" by writer Don Cameron, in Detective Comics #105 (Nov. 1945); contractually credited to Bob Kane, it is also signed "Mortimer." The introduction of Batman's Batboat in Detective Comics #110 (April 1946) was another Cameron/Mortimer collaboration. Mortimer launched a Robin feature in Star-Spangled Comics #65 (Feb. 1947).He succeeded Wayne Boring on the Superman newspaper strip in 1949, leaving it in 1956 to create the adventure strip David Crane for the Prentice-Hall Syndicate. Following his run on that series, Mortimer produced the Larry Bannon strip for the Toronto Star beginning in 1960.During the same period, Mortimer returned to DC and worked on a large variety of comics, ranging from humor titles such as Swing with Scooter to superhero features starring the Legion of Super-Heroes and Supergirl. He and writer Arnold Drake co-created Stanley and His Monster in 1965.
|
field of work
| 20 |
[
"profession",
"occupation",
"area of expertise",
"specialization"
] | null | null |
[
"Win Mortimer",
"place of birth",
"Hamilton"
] |
Biography
Early life and career
Win Mortimer was born in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Trained as an artist by his father, who worked for a lithography company, and at the Art Students League of New York, Mortimer found work as an illustrator after a short stint in the Canadian Army during World War II. Discharged in 1943, Mortimer found work designing posters.
|
place of birth
| 42 |
[
"birthplace",
"place of origin",
"native place",
"homeland",
"birth city"
] | null | null |
[
"Win Mortimer",
"occupation",
"comics artist"
] |
Biography
Early life and career
Win Mortimer was born in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Trained as an artist by his father, who worked for a lithography company, and at the Art Students League of New York, Mortimer found work as an illustrator after a short stint in the Canadian Army during World War II. Discharged in 1943, Mortimer found work designing posters.DC Comics
Mortimer began working for DC Comics in 1945, and quickly became a cover artist for comics featuring Superman, Superboy and Batman. His first known comics work is as the penciler and inker of the 12-page lead Batman story, "The Batman Goes Broke" by writer Don Cameron, in Detective Comics #105 (Nov. 1945); contractually credited to Bob Kane, it is also signed "Mortimer." The introduction of Batman's Batboat in Detective Comics #110 (April 1946) was another Cameron/Mortimer collaboration. Mortimer launched a Robin feature in Star-Spangled Comics #65 (Feb. 1947).
|
occupation
| 48 |
[
"job",
"profession",
"career",
"vocation",
"employment"
] | null | null |
[
"Win Mortimer",
"occupation",
"drawer"
] |
Biography
Early life and career
Win Mortimer was born in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Trained as an artist by his father, who worked for a lithography company, and at the Art Students League of New York, Mortimer found work as an illustrator after a short stint in the Canadian Army during World War II. Discharged in 1943, Mortimer found work designing posters.
|
occupation
| 48 |
[
"job",
"profession",
"career",
"vocation",
"employment"
] | null | null |
[
"Win Mortimer",
"family name",
"Mortimer"
] |
Biography
Early life and career
Win Mortimer was born in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Trained as an artist by his father, who worked for a lithography company, and at the Art Students League of New York, Mortimer found work as an illustrator after a short stint in the Canadian Army during World War II. Discharged in 1943, Mortimer found work designing posters.DC Comics
Mortimer began working for DC Comics in 1945, and quickly became a cover artist for comics featuring Superman, Superboy and Batman. His first known comics work is as the penciler and inker of the 12-page lead Batman story, "The Batman Goes Broke" by writer Don Cameron, in Detective Comics #105 (Nov. 1945); contractually credited to Bob Kane, it is also signed "Mortimer." The introduction of Batman's Batboat in Detective Comics #110 (April 1946) was another Cameron/Mortimer collaboration. Mortimer launched a Robin feature in Star-Spangled Comics #65 (Feb. 1947).
|
family name
| 54 |
[
"surname",
"last name",
"patronymic",
"family surname",
"clan name"
] | null | null |
[
"Robin Page",
"instance of",
"human"
] |
Robin Page (2 November 1932 – 12 May 2015) was a British painter. He was one of the early members of the Fluxus art movement.Biography
Page was born in England in 1932. His father, Peter Carter-Page, was a humorist and cartoonist who worked as an animator at the Disney studios in Hollywood in the 1930s. The family moved to Canada where the young Page lived until the age of 27. Page moved back to Europe in 1959 and after teaching at the revolutionary environment of Leeds College of Art in the north of England until 1967 he moved to Germany found himself in the company of the international network of Fluxus artists, such as Robert Filliou, Dieter Roth, Dorothy Iannone, Daniel Spoerri, Ben Vautier, et al. His artwork embraced the sentiments of the movement. Namely, its 'anti-art' stance, inherited from the Dadaists, and its emphasis on the event as an artwork (called a Happening or an Action Event). Page performed many Happenings, including one titled Guitar, which involved him in kicking his guitar with the help of an audience along the Mall for the ICA's Misfits concert. Other events involved Page making a chalk portrait drawing of Joseph Beuys, complete with begging bowl, on the pavement in front of the National Gallery.In 1966 he was with Gustav Metzger, Otto Muehl, Wolf Vostell, Yoko Ono and others a participant
of the Destruction in Art Symposium (DIAS) in London.By 1970, Page left the Fluxus movement and moved to Germany. He began to develop his own brand of cutting edge art and was one of the first artists to employ humour as a means of overtly challenging notions of 'good taste' in the art world. His Hey Wildon paintings stand as one of Page's alter-ego puppets that mocked and commented on 'art' while at the same time embodied the traditional techniques of painting. Page poses the question " Hey, Whildon, why has humour never replaced seriousness as the most respectable cultural attitude?" to which Whildon replies "Because people can't fake it!"
Page's artwork continued to develop an overtly biting and satirical commentary on cultural pretensions. By 1987 he had "died and gone to Bluebeard" which involved him in dying his beard blue (executed by Mike Spike Froidl - see the appropriate painting here) and producing a series of paintings that appropriate elements from poster and propaganda art. His Bluebeard AMuseum further places Page at the forefront of contemporary art; by both mocking the notion of the Institution and placing himself at the centre of his art 'collection', Page challenges the very basis upon which power is assigned to private and state-run and cultural organisations. One notable example is the painting Freedom is a Burning Brush which features the artist posing as the Statue of Liberty holding a paintbrush as a torch.
|
instance of
| 5 |
[
"type of",
"example of",
"manifestation of",
"representation of"
] | null | null |
[
"Robin Page",
"country of citizenship",
"United Kingdom"
] |
Robin Page (2 November 1932 – 12 May 2015) was a British painter. He was one of the early members of the Fluxus art movement.
|
country of citizenship
| 63 |
[
"citizenship country",
"place of citizenship",
"country of origin",
"citizenship nation",
"country of citizenship status"
] | null | null |
[
"Robin Page",
"occupation",
"painter"
] |
Robin Page (2 November 1932 – 12 May 2015) was a British painter. He was one of the early members of the Fluxus art movement.Biography
Page was born in England in 1932. His father, Peter Carter-Page, was a humorist and cartoonist who worked as an animator at the Disney studios in Hollywood in the 1930s. The family moved to Canada where the young Page lived until the age of 27. Page moved back to Europe in 1959 and after teaching at the revolutionary environment of Leeds College of Art in the north of England until 1967 he moved to Germany found himself in the company of the international network of Fluxus artists, such as Robert Filliou, Dieter Roth, Dorothy Iannone, Daniel Spoerri, Ben Vautier, et al. His artwork embraced the sentiments of the movement. Namely, its 'anti-art' stance, inherited from the Dadaists, and its emphasis on the event as an artwork (called a Happening or an Action Event). Page performed many Happenings, including one titled Guitar, which involved him in kicking his guitar with the help of an audience along the Mall for the ICA's Misfits concert. Other events involved Page making a chalk portrait drawing of Joseph Beuys, complete with begging bowl, on the pavement in front of the National Gallery.In 1966 he was with Gustav Metzger, Otto Muehl, Wolf Vostell, Yoko Ono and others a participant
of the Destruction in Art Symposium (DIAS) in London.By 1970, Page left the Fluxus movement and moved to Germany. He began to develop his own brand of cutting edge art and was one of the first artists to employ humour as a means of overtly challenging notions of 'good taste' in the art world. His Hey Wildon paintings stand as one of Page's alter-ego puppets that mocked and commented on 'art' while at the same time embodied the traditional techniques of painting. Page poses the question " Hey, Whildon, why has humour never replaced seriousness as the most respectable cultural attitude?" to which Whildon replies "Because people can't fake it!"
Page's artwork continued to develop an overtly biting and satirical commentary on cultural pretensions. By 1987 he had "died and gone to Bluebeard" which involved him in dying his beard blue (executed by Mike Spike Froidl - see the appropriate painting here) and producing a series of paintings that appropriate elements from poster and propaganda art. His Bluebeard AMuseum further places Page at the forefront of contemporary art; by both mocking the notion of the Institution and placing himself at the centre of his art 'collection', Page challenges the very basis upon which power is assigned to private and state-run and cultural organisations. One notable example is the painting Freedom is a Burning Brush which features the artist posing as the Statue of Liberty holding a paintbrush as a torch.
|
occupation
| 48 |
[
"job",
"profession",
"career",
"vocation",
"employment"
] | null | null |
[
"Robin Page",
"place of birth",
"London"
] |
Biography
Page was born in England in 1932. His father, Peter Carter-Page, was a humorist and cartoonist who worked as an animator at the Disney studios in Hollywood in the 1930s. The family moved to Canada where the young Page lived until the age of 27. Page moved back to Europe in 1959 and after teaching at the revolutionary environment of Leeds College of Art in the north of England until 1967 he moved to Germany found himself in the company of the international network of Fluxus artists, such as Robert Filliou, Dieter Roth, Dorothy Iannone, Daniel Spoerri, Ben Vautier, et al. His artwork embraced the sentiments of the movement. Namely, its 'anti-art' stance, inherited from the Dadaists, and its emphasis on the event as an artwork (called a Happening or an Action Event). Page performed many Happenings, including one titled Guitar, which involved him in kicking his guitar with the help of an audience along the Mall for the ICA's Misfits concert. Other events involved Page making a chalk portrait drawing of Joseph Beuys, complete with begging bowl, on the pavement in front of the National Gallery.In 1966 he was with Gustav Metzger, Otto Muehl, Wolf Vostell, Yoko Ono and others a participant
of the Destruction in Art Symposium (DIAS) in London.By 1970, Page left the Fluxus movement and moved to Germany. He began to develop his own brand of cutting edge art and was one of the first artists to employ humour as a means of overtly challenging notions of 'good taste' in the art world. His Hey Wildon paintings stand as one of Page's alter-ego puppets that mocked and commented on 'art' while at the same time embodied the traditional techniques of painting. Page poses the question " Hey, Whildon, why has humour never replaced seriousness as the most respectable cultural attitude?" to which Whildon replies "Because people can't fake it!"
Page's artwork continued to develop an overtly biting and satirical commentary on cultural pretensions. By 1987 he had "died and gone to Bluebeard" which involved him in dying his beard blue (executed by Mike Spike Froidl - see the appropriate painting here) and producing a series of paintings that appropriate elements from poster and propaganda art. His Bluebeard AMuseum further places Page at the forefront of contemporary art; by both mocking the notion of the Institution and placing himself at the centre of his art 'collection', Page challenges the very basis upon which power is assigned to private and state-run and cultural organisations. One notable example is the painting Freedom is a Burning Brush which features the artist posing as the Statue of Liberty holding a paintbrush as a torch.
|
place of birth
| 42 |
[
"birthplace",
"place of origin",
"native place",
"homeland",
"birth city"
] | null | null |
[
"Robin Page",
"given name",
"Robin"
] |
Robin Page (2 November 1932 – 12 May 2015) was a British painter. He was one of the early members of the Fluxus art movement.
|
given name
| 60 |
[
"first name",
"forename",
"given title",
"personal name"
] | null | null |
[
"Robin Page",
"father",
"Peter Carter-Page"
] |
Biography
Page was born in England in 1932. His father, Peter Carter-Page, was a humorist and cartoonist who worked as an animator at the Disney studios in Hollywood in the 1930s. The family moved to Canada where the young Page lived until the age of 27. Page moved back to Europe in 1959 and after teaching at the revolutionary environment of Leeds College of Art in the north of England until 1967 he moved to Germany found himself in the company of the international network of Fluxus artists, such as Robert Filliou, Dieter Roth, Dorothy Iannone, Daniel Spoerri, Ben Vautier, et al. His artwork embraced the sentiments of the movement. Namely, its 'anti-art' stance, inherited from the Dadaists, and its emphasis on the event as an artwork (called a Happening or an Action Event). Page performed many Happenings, including one titled Guitar, which involved him in kicking his guitar with the help of an audience along the Mall for the ICA's Misfits concert. Other events involved Page making a chalk portrait drawing of Joseph Beuys, complete with begging bowl, on the pavement in front of the National Gallery.In 1966 he was with Gustav Metzger, Otto Muehl, Wolf Vostell, Yoko Ono and others a participant
of the Destruction in Art Symposium (DIAS) in London.By 1970, Page left the Fluxus movement and moved to Germany. He began to develop his own brand of cutting edge art and was one of the first artists to employ humour as a means of overtly challenging notions of 'good taste' in the art world. His Hey Wildon paintings stand as one of Page's alter-ego puppets that mocked and commented on 'art' while at the same time embodied the traditional techniques of painting. Page poses the question " Hey, Whildon, why has humour never replaced seriousness as the most respectable cultural attitude?" to which Whildon replies "Because people can't fake it!"
Page's artwork continued to develop an overtly biting and satirical commentary on cultural pretensions. By 1987 he had "died and gone to Bluebeard" which involved him in dying his beard blue (executed by Mike Spike Froidl - see the appropriate painting here) and producing a series of paintings that appropriate elements from poster and propaganda art. His Bluebeard AMuseum further places Page at the forefront of contemporary art; by both mocking the notion of the Institution and placing himself at the centre of his art 'collection', Page challenges the very basis upon which power is assigned to private and state-run and cultural organisations. One notable example is the painting Freedom is a Burning Brush which features the artist posing as the Statue of Liberty holding a paintbrush as a torch.
|
father
| 57 |
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[
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Biography
Page was born in England in 1932. His father, Peter Carter-Page, was a humorist and cartoonist who worked as an animator at the Disney studios in Hollywood in the 1930s. The family moved to Canada where the young Page lived until the age of 27. Page moved back to Europe in 1959 and after teaching at the revolutionary environment of Leeds College of Art in the north of England until 1967 he moved to Germany found himself in the company of the international network of Fluxus artists, such as Robert Filliou, Dieter Roth, Dorothy Iannone, Daniel Spoerri, Ben Vautier, et al. His artwork embraced the sentiments of the movement. Namely, its 'anti-art' stance, inherited from the Dadaists, and its emphasis on the event as an artwork (called a Happening or an Action Event). Page performed many Happenings, including one titled Guitar, which involved him in kicking his guitar with the help of an audience along the Mall for the ICA's Misfits concert. Other events involved Page making a chalk portrait drawing of Joseph Beuys, complete with begging bowl, on the pavement in front of the National Gallery.In 1966 he was with Gustav Metzger, Otto Muehl, Wolf Vostell, Yoko Ono and others a participant
of the Destruction in Art Symposium (DIAS) in London.By 1970, Page left the Fluxus movement and moved to Germany. He began to develop his own brand of cutting edge art and was one of the first artists to employ humour as a means of overtly challenging notions of 'good taste' in the art world. His Hey Wildon paintings stand as one of Page's alter-ego puppets that mocked and commented on 'art' while at the same time embodied the traditional techniques of painting. Page poses the question " Hey, Whildon, why has humour never replaced seriousness as the most respectable cultural attitude?" to which Whildon replies "Because people can't fake it!"
Page's artwork continued to develop an overtly biting and satirical commentary on cultural pretensions. By 1987 he had "died and gone to Bluebeard" which involved him in dying his beard blue (executed by Mike Spike Froidl - see the appropriate painting here) and producing a series of paintings that appropriate elements from poster and propaganda art. His Bluebeard AMuseum further places Page at the forefront of contemporary art; by both mocking the notion of the Institution and placing himself at the centre of his art 'collection', Page challenges the very basis upon which power is assigned to private and state-run and cultural organisations. One notable example is the painting Freedom is a Burning Brush which features the artist posing as the Statue of Liberty holding a paintbrush as a torch.
|
participant in
| 50 |
[
"engaged in",
"involved in",
"took part in",
"played a role in",
"contributed to"
] | null | null |
[
"Robin Page",
"family name",
"Page"
] |
Robin Page (2 November 1932 – 12 May 2015) was a British painter. He was one of the early members of the Fluxus art movement.Biography
Page was born in England in 1932. His father, Peter Carter-Page, was a humorist and cartoonist who worked as an animator at the Disney studios in Hollywood in the 1930s. The family moved to Canada where the young Page lived until the age of 27. Page moved back to Europe in 1959 and after teaching at the revolutionary environment of Leeds College of Art in the north of England until 1967 he moved to Germany found himself in the company of the international network of Fluxus artists, such as Robert Filliou, Dieter Roth, Dorothy Iannone, Daniel Spoerri, Ben Vautier, et al. His artwork embraced the sentiments of the movement. Namely, its 'anti-art' stance, inherited from the Dadaists, and its emphasis on the event as an artwork (called a Happening or an Action Event). Page performed many Happenings, including one titled Guitar, which involved him in kicking his guitar with the help of an audience along the Mall for the ICA's Misfits concert. Other events involved Page making a chalk portrait drawing of Joseph Beuys, complete with begging bowl, on the pavement in front of the National Gallery.In 1966 he was with Gustav Metzger, Otto Muehl, Wolf Vostell, Yoko Ono and others a participant
of the Destruction in Art Symposium (DIAS) in London.By 1970, Page left the Fluxus movement and moved to Germany. He began to develop his own brand of cutting edge art and was one of the first artists to employ humour as a means of overtly challenging notions of 'good taste' in the art world. His Hey Wildon paintings stand as one of Page's alter-ego puppets that mocked and commented on 'art' while at the same time embodied the traditional techniques of painting. Page poses the question " Hey, Whildon, why has humour never replaced seriousness as the most respectable cultural attitude?" to which Whildon replies "Because people can't fake it!"
Page's artwork continued to develop an overtly biting and satirical commentary on cultural pretensions. By 1987 he had "died and gone to Bluebeard" which involved him in dying his beard blue (executed by Mike Spike Froidl - see the appropriate painting here) and producing a series of paintings that appropriate elements from poster and propaganda art. His Bluebeard AMuseum further places Page at the forefront of contemporary art; by both mocking the notion of the Institution and placing himself at the centre of his art 'collection', Page challenges the very basis upon which power is assigned to private and state-run and cultural organisations. One notable example is the painting Freedom is a Burning Brush which features the artist posing as the Statue of Liberty holding a paintbrush as a torch.
|
family name
| 54 |
[
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] | null | null |
[
"Tom Thomson",
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"Canada"
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Death
On July 8, 1917, Thomson disappeared during a canoeing trip on Canoe Lake. His upturned canoe was spotted later in the afternoon, and his body was discovered in the lake eight days later. It was noted that he had a four-inch cut on his right temple and had bled from his right ear. The cause of death was officially determined to be "accidental drowning". The day after the body was discovered, it was interred in Mowat Cemetery near Canoe Lake. Under the direction of Thomson's older brother George, the body was exhumed two days later, and re-interred on July 21 in the family plot beside the Leith Presbyterian Church in what is now the Municipality of Meaford, Ontario.In September 1917, J. E. H. MacDonald and John William Beatty erected a memorial cairn at Hayhurst Point on Canoe Lake, to honour Thomson where he died.There has been much speculation about the circumstances of Thomson's death, including that he was murdered or committed suicide. Though these ideas lack substance, they have continued to persist in the popular culture. Andrew Hunter has pointed to Park ranger Mark Robinson as being largely responsible for the suggestion that there was more to his death than accidental drowning. Hunter expands on this thought, writing, "I am convinced that people's desire to believe the Thomson murder mystery/soap opera is rooted in the firmly fixed idea that he was an expert woodsman, intimate with nature. Such figures aren't supposed to die by 'accident.' If they do, it is like Grey Owl's being exposed as an Englishman."
|
place of death
| 45 |
[
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Thomas John Thomson (August 5, 1877 – July 8, 1917) was a Canadian artist active in the early 20th century. During his short career, he produced roughly 400 oil sketches on small wood panels and approximately 50 larger works on canvas. His works consist almost entirely of landscapes, depicting trees, skies, lakes, and rivers. He used broad brush strokes and a liberal application of paint to capture the beauty and colour of the Ontario landscape. Thomson's accidental death by drowning at 39 shortly before the founding of the Group of Seven is seen as a tragedy for Canadian art.
Raised in rural Ontario, Thomson was born into a large family of farmers and displayed no immediate artistic talent. He worked several jobs before attending a business college, eventually developing skills in penmanship and copperplate writing. At the turn of the 20th century, he was employed in Seattle and Toronto as a pen artist at several different photoengraving firms, including Grip Ltd. There he met those who eventually formed the Group of Seven, including J. E. H. MacDonald, Lawren Harris, Frederick Varley, Franklin Carmichael and Arthur Lismer. In May 1912, he visited Algonquin Park—a major public park and forest reservation in Central Ontario—for the first time. It was there that he acquired his first sketching equipment and, following MacDonald's advice, began to capture nature scenes. He became enraptured with the area and repeatedly returned, typically spending his winters in Toronto and the rest of the year in the Park. His earliest paintings were not outstanding technically, but showed a good grasp of composition and colour handling. His later paintings vary in composition and contain vivid colours and thickly applied paint. His later work has had a great influence on Canadian art—paintings such as The Jack Pine and The West Wind have taken a prominent place in the culture of Canada and are some of the country's most iconic works.
Thomson developed a reputation during his lifetime as a veritable outdoorsman, talented in both fishing and canoeing, although his skills in the latter have been contested. The circumstances of his drowning on Canoe Lake in Algonquin Park, linked with his image as a master canoeist, led to unsubstantiated but persistent rumours that he had been murdered or committed suicide.
Although he died before the formal establishment of the Group of Seven, Thomson is often considered an unofficial member. His art is typically exhibited with the rest of the Group's, nearly all of which remains in Canada—mainly at the Art Gallery of Ontario in Toronto, the National Gallery of Canada in Ottawa, the McMichael Canadian Art Collection in Kleinburg and the Tom Thomson Art Gallery in Owen Sound.Toronto (1905–12)
Thomson moved to Toronto in the summer of 1905. His first job upon his return to Canada was at the photo-engraving firm Legg Brothers, earning $11 a week. He spent his free time reading poetry and going to concerts, the theatre and sporting events. In a letter to an aunt, he wrote, "I love poetry best." Friends described him during this time as "periodically erratic and sensitive, with fits of unreasonable despondency". Apart from buying art supplies, he spent his money on expensive clothes, fine dining and tobacco. Around this time, he may have studied briefly with William Cruikshank, a British artist who taught at the Ontario College of Art. Cruikshank was likely Thomson's only formal art instructor.In 1908 or 1909, Thomson joined Grip Ltd., a firm in Toronto that specialized in design and lettering work. Grip was the leading graphic-design company in the country and introduced Art Nouveau, metal engraving and the four-colour process to Canada. Albert Robson, then the art director at Grip, recalled that Thomson's early work at the firm was mostly in lettering and decorative designs for booklets and labels. He wrote that Thomson made friends slowly but eventually found similar interests to his coworkers. Several of the employees at Grip had been members of the Toronto Art Students' League, a group of newspaper artists, illustrators and commercial artists active between 1886 and 1904. The members sketched in parts of eastern Canada and published an annual calendar with illustrations depicting Canadian history and rural life.The senior artist at Grip, J. E. H. MacDonald, encouraged his staff to paint outside in their spare time to better hone their skills. It was at Grip that many of the eventual members of the Group of Seven would meet. In December 1910, artist William Smithson Broadhead was hired, joined by Arthur Lismer in February 1911. Robson eventually hired Frederick Varley, followed by Franklin Carmichael in April 1911. Although Thomson was not himself a member, it was at the Arts and Letters Club that MacDonald introduced Thomson to Lawren Harris. The club was considered the "centre of living culture in Toronto", providing an informal environment for the artistic community. Every member of what would become the original Group of Seven had now met. MacDonald left Grip in November 1911 to do freelance work and spend more time painting, after the Ontario government purchased his canvas By the River (Early Spring) (1911).Art and technique
Artistic development
Thomson was largely self-taught. His experiences as a graphic designer with Toronto's Grip Ltd. honed his draughtsmanship. Although he began painting and drawing at an early age, it was only in 1912, when he was well into his thirties, that he began to paint seriously. His first trips to Algonquin Park inspired him to follow the lead of fellow artists in producing oil sketches of natural scenes on small, rectangular panels for easy portability while travelling. Between 1912 and his death in 1917, Thomson produced hundreds of these small sketches, many of which are now considered works in their own right, and are mostly found in the Art Gallery of Ontario in Toronto, the National Gallery of Canada in Ottawa, the McMichael Canadian Art Collection in Kleinburg and the Tom Thomson Art Gallery in Owen Sound.Thomson produced nearly all of his works between 1912 and 1917. Most of his large canvases were completed in his most productive period, from late 1916 to early 1917. The patronage of James MacCallum enabled Thomson's transition from graphic designer to professional painter. Although the Group of Seven was not founded until after his death, his work was sympathetic to that of group members A. Y. Jackson, Frederick Varley, and Arthur Lismer. These artists shared an appreciation for rugged, unkempt natural scenery, and all used broad brush strokes and a liberal application of paint to capture the beauty and colour of the Ontario landscape. Thomson's art also bears some stylistic resemblance to the work of European post-impressionists such as Vincent van Gogh. Other key influences were the Art Nouveau and Arts and Crafts movements of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, styles with which he became familiar while working in the graphic arts.Legacy and influence
Since his death, Thomson's work has grown in value and popularity. Group of Seven member Arthur Lismer wrote that he "is the manifestation of the Canadian character". Another contemporaneous Canadian painter, David Milne, wrote to National Gallery of Canada Director H. O. McCurry in 1930, "Your Canadian art apparently, for now at least, went down in Canoe Lake. Tom Thomson still stands as the Canadian painter, harsh, brilliant, brittle, uncouth, not only most Canadian but most creative. How the few things of his stick in one's mind." Murray notes that Thomson's influence can be seen in the work of later Canadian artists, including Rae Johnson, Joyce Wieland, Gordon Rayner and Michael Snow. Sherrill Grace wrote that for Roy Kiyooka and Dennis Lee, he "is a haunting presence" and "embodies the Canadian artistic identity".As of 2015, the highest price achieved by a Thomson sketch was Early Spring, Canoe Lake, which sold in 2009 for CAD$2,749,500. Few major canvases remain in private collections, making the record unlikely to be broken. One example of the demand his work has achieved is the previously lost Sketch for Lake in Algonquin Park; discovered in an Edmonton basement in 2018, it sold for nearly half a million dollars at a Toronto auction. The increased value of his work has led to the discovery of numerous forgeries on the market, such as those produced by convicted forger William Firth MacGregor. Art historian Joan Murray assembled a catalogue raisonné of Thomson works until her retirement in 2016.In 1967, the Tom Thomson Art Gallery opened in Owen Sound. In 1968, Thomson's shack from behind the Studio Building was moved to the McMichael Canadian Art Collection in Kleinburg. Many of his works are also on display at the National Gallery of Canada in Ottawa, the Art Gallery of Ontario, and the McMichael Canadian Art Collection in Kleinburg, Ontario. In 2004, another historical marker honouring Thomson was moved from its previous location near the centre of Leith to the graveyard in which he is now buried. The gravesite has become a popular spot for visitors to the area with many fans of his work leaving pennies or art supplies behind as tribute.Though best known for his painting, Thomson is often mythologized as a veritable outdoorsman. Dr. James MacCallum contributed stories to this image. He has often been remembered as an expert canoeist, though David Silcox has argued that this image is romanticized. In the case of fishing, he was no doubt proficient. He had a deep love of fishing for his entire life, so much so that his reputation through Algonquin Park was equally divided between art and angling. Most who visited the Park were led by hired guides, but he travelled through the park on his own. Many of his fishing locations appear in his work.
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[
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Thomas John Thomson (August 5, 1877 – July 8, 1917) was a Canadian artist active in the early 20th century. During his short career, he produced roughly 400 oil sketches on small wood panels and approximately 50 larger works on canvas. His works consist almost entirely of landscapes, depicting trees, skies, lakes, and rivers. He used broad brush strokes and a liberal application of paint to capture the beauty and colour of the Ontario landscape. Thomson's accidental death by drowning at 39 shortly before the founding of the Group of Seven is seen as a tragedy for Canadian art.
Raised in rural Ontario, Thomson was born into a large family of farmers and displayed no immediate artistic talent. He worked several jobs before attending a business college, eventually developing skills in penmanship and copperplate writing. At the turn of the 20th century, he was employed in Seattle and Toronto as a pen artist at several different photoengraving firms, including Grip Ltd. There he met those who eventually formed the Group of Seven, including J. E. H. MacDonald, Lawren Harris, Frederick Varley, Franklin Carmichael and Arthur Lismer. In May 1912, he visited Algonquin Park—a major public park and forest reservation in Central Ontario—for the first time. It was there that he acquired his first sketching equipment and, following MacDonald's advice, began to capture nature scenes. He became enraptured with the area and repeatedly returned, typically spending his winters in Toronto and the rest of the year in the Park. His earliest paintings were not outstanding technically, but showed a good grasp of composition and colour handling. His later paintings vary in composition and contain vivid colours and thickly applied paint. His later work has had a great influence on Canadian art—paintings such as The Jack Pine and The West Wind have taken a prominent place in the culture of Canada and are some of the country's most iconic works.
Thomson developed a reputation during his lifetime as a veritable outdoorsman, talented in both fishing and canoeing, although his skills in the latter have been contested. The circumstances of his drowning on Canoe Lake in Algonquin Park, linked with his image as a master canoeist, led to unsubstantiated but persistent rumours that he had been murdered or committed suicide.
Although he died before the formal establishment of the Group of Seven, Thomson is often considered an unofficial member. His art is typically exhibited with the rest of the Group's, nearly all of which remains in Canada—mainly at the Art Gallery of Ontario in Toronto, the National Gallery of Canada in Ottawa, the McMichael Canadian Art Collection in Kleinburg and the Tom Thomson Art Gallery in Owen Sound.Art and technique
Artistic development
Thomson was largely self-taught. His experiences as a graphic designer with Toronto's Grip Ltd. honed his draughtsmanship. Although he began painting and drawing at an early age, it was only in 1912, when he was well into his thirties, that he began to paint seriously. His first trips to Algonquin Park inspired him to follow the lead of fellow artists in producing oil sketches of natural scenes on small, rectangular panels for easy portability while travelling. Between 1912 and his death in 1917, Thomson produced hundreds of these small sketches, many of which are now considered works in their own right, and are mostly found in the Art Gallery of Ontario in Toronto, the National Gallery of Canada in Ottawa, the McMichael Canadian Art Collection in Kleinburg and the Tom Thomson Art Gallery in Owen Sound.Thomson produced nearly all of his works between 1912 and 1917. Most of his large canvases were completed in his most productive period, from late 1916 to early 1917. The patronage of James MacCallum enabled Thomson's transition from graphic designer to professional painter. Although the Group of Seven was not founded until after his death, his work was sympathetic to that of group members A. Y. Jackson, Frederick Varley, and Arthur Lismer. These artists shared an appreciation for rugged, unkempt natural scenery, and all used broad brush strokes and a liberal application of paint to capture the beauty and colour of the Ontario landscape. Thomson's art also bears some stylistic resemblance to the work of European post-impressionists such as Vincent van Gogh. Other key influences were the Art Nouveau and Arts and Crafts movements of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, styles with which he became familiar while working in the graphic arts.Legacy and influence
Since his death, Thomson's work has grown in value and popularity. Group of Seven member Arthur Lismer wrote that he "is the manifestation of the Canadian character". Another contemporaneous Canadian painter, David Milne, wrote to National Gallery of Canada Director H. O. McCurry in 1930, "Your Canadian art apparently, for now at least, went down in Canoe Lake. Tom Thomson still stands as the Canadian painter, harsh, brilliant, brittle, uncouth, not only most Canadian but most creative. How the few things of his stick in one's mind." Murray notes that Thomson's influence can be seen in the work of later Canadian artists, including Rae Johnson, Joyce Wieland, Gordon Rayner and Michael Snow. Sherrill Grace wrote that for Roy Kiyooka and Dennis Lee, he "is a haunting presence" and "embodies the Canadian artistic identity".As of 2015, the highest price achieved by a Thomson sketch was Early Spring, Canoe Lake, which sold in 2009 for CAD$2,749,500. Few major canvases remain in private collections, making the record unlikely to be broken. One example of the demand his work has achieved is the previously lost Sketch for Lake in Algonquin Park; discovered in an Edmonton basement in 2018, it sold for nearly half a million dollars at a Toronto auction. The increased value of his work has led to the discovery of numerous forgeries on the market, such as those produced by convicted forger William Firth MacGregor. Art historian Joan Murray assembled a catalogue raisonné of Thomson works until her retirement in 2016.In 1967, the Tom Thomson Art Gallery opened in Owen Sound. In 1968, Thomson's shack from behind the Studio Building was moved to the McMichael Canadian Art Collection in Kleinburg. Many of his works are also on display at the National Gallery of Canada in Ottawa, the Art Gallery of Ontario, and the McMichael Canadian Art Collection in Kleinburg, Ontario. In 2004, another historical marker honouring Thomson was moved from its previous location near the centre of Leith to the graveyard in which he is now buried. The gravesite has become a popular spot for visitors to the area with many fans of his work leaving pennies or art supplies behind as tribute.Though best known for his painting, Thomson is often mythologized as a veritable outdoorsman. Dr. James MacCallum contributed stories to this image. He has often been remembered as an expert canoeist, though David Silcox has argued that this image is romanticized. In the case of fishing, he was no doubt proficient. He had a deep love of fishing for his entire life, so much so that his reputation through Algonquin Park was equally divided between art and angling. Most who visited the Park were led by hired guides, but he travelled through the park on his own. Many of his fishing locations appear in his work.
|
has works in the collection
| 74 |
[
"holds works in the collection"
] | null | null |
[
"Tom Thomson",
"has works in the collection",
"National Gallery of Canada"
] |
Thomas John Thomson (August 5, 1877 – July 8, 1917) was a Canadian artist active in the early 20th century. During his short career, he produced roughly 400 oil sketches on small wood panels and approximately 50 larger works on canvas. His works consist almost entirely of landscapes, depicting trees, skies, lakes, and rivers. He used broad brush strokes and a liberal application of paint to capture the beauty and colour of the Ontario landscape. Thomson's accidental death by drowning at 39 shortly before the founding of the Group of Seven is seen as a tragedy for Canadian art.
Raised in rural Ontario, Thomson was born into a large family of farmers and displayed no immediate artistic talent. He worked several jobs before attending a business college, eventually developing skills in penmanship and copperplate writing. At the turn of the 20th century, he was employed in Seattle and Toronto as a pen artist at several different photoengraving firms, including Grip Ltd. There he met those who eventually formed the Group of Seven, including J. E. H. MacDonald, Lawren Harris, Frederick Varley, Franklin Carmichael and Arthur Lismer. In May 1912, he visited Algonquin Park—a major public park and forest reservation in Central Ontario—for the first time. It was there that he acquired his first sketching equipment and, following MacDonald's advice, began to capture nature scenes. He became enraptured with the area and repeatedly returned, typically spending his winters in Toronto and the rest of the year in the Park. His earliest paintings were not outstanding technically, but showed a good grasp of composition and colour handling. His later paintings vary in composition and contain vivid colours and thickly applied paint. His later work has had a great influence on Canadian art—paintings such as The Jack Pine and The West Wind have taken a prominent place in the culture of Canada and are some of the country's most iconic works.
Thomson developed a reputation during his lifetime as a veritable outdoorsman, talented in both fishing and canoeing, although his skills in the latter have been contested. The circumstances of his drowning on Canoe Lake in Algonquin Park, linked with his image as a master canoeist, led to unsubstantiated but persistent rumours that he had been murdered or committed suicide.
Although he died before the formal establishment of the Group of Seven, Thomson is often considered an unofficial member. His art is typically exhibited with the rest of the Group's, nearly all of which remains in Canada—mainly at the Art Gallery of Ontario in Toronto, the National Gallery of Canada in Ottawa, the McMichael Canadian Art Collection in Kleinburg and the Tom Thomson Art Gallery in Owen Sound.Early recognition (1914–15)
Thomson often experienced self-doubt. A. Y. Jackson recalled that in the fall of 1914, Thomson threw his sketch box into the woods out of frustration, and was "so shy he could hardly be induced to show his sketches". Harris expressed similar sentiments, writing that Thomson "had no opinion of his own work", and would even throw burnt matches at his paintings. Several of the canvases he sent to exhibitions remained unsigned. If someone praised one of his sketches, he immediately gave it to them as a gift. A turning point in his career came in 1914, when the National Gallery of Canada, under the directorship of Eric Brown, began to acquire his paintings. Although the money was not enough to live on, the recognition was unheard of for an unknown artist.For several years he shared a studio and living quarters with fellow artists, initially living in the Studio Building with Jackson in January 1914. Jackson described the Studio Building as "a lively centre for new ideas, experiments, discussions, plans for the future and visions of an art inspired by the Canadian countryside". It was there that Thomson, "after much self-deprecation, finally submitted to becoming a full-time artist". They split the rent—$22 a month—on the ground floor while construction on the rest of the building was finished. After Jackson moved out in December to go to Montreal, Carmichael took his place. Thomson and Carmichael shared a studio space through the winter. On March 3, 1914, Thomson was nominated as a member of the OSA by Lismer and T. G. Greene. He was elected on the 17th. He did not participate in any of their activities beyond sending paintings for annual exhibitions. Harris described Thomson's strange working hours years later:Art and technique
Artistic development
Thomson was largely self-taught. His experiences as a graphic designer with Toronto's Grip Ltd. honed his draughtsmanship. Although he began painting and drawing at an early age, it was only in 1912, when he was well into his thirties, that he began to paint seriously. His first trips to Algonquin Park inspired him to follow the lead of fellow artists in producing oil sketches of natural scenes on small, rectangular panels for easy portability while travelling. Between 1912 and his death in 1917, Thomson produced hundreds of these small sketches, many of which are now considered works in their own right, and are mostly found in the Art Gallery of Ontario in Toronto, the National Gallery of Canada in Ottawa, the McMichael Canadian Art Collection in Kleinburg and the Tom Thomson Art Gallery in Owen Sound.Thomson produced nearly all of his works between 1912 and 1917. Most of his large canvases were completed in his most productive period, from late 1916 to early 1917. The patronage of James MacCallum enabled Thomson's transition from graphic designer to professional painter. Although the Group of Seven was not founded until after his death, his work was sympathetic to that of group members A. Y. Jackson, Frederick Varley, and Arthur Lismer. These artists shared an appreciation for rugged, unkempt natural scenery, and all used broad brush strokes and a liberal application of paint to capture the beauty and colour of the Ontario landscape. Thomson's art also bears some stylistic resemblance to the work of European post-impressionists such as Vincent van Gogh. Other key influences were the Art Nouveau and Arts and Crafts movements of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, styles with which he became familiar while working in the graphic arts.Legacy and influence
Since his death, Thomson's work has grown in value and popularity. Group of Seven member Arthur Lismer wrote that he "is the manifestation of the Canadian character". Another contemporaneous Canadian painter, David Milne, wrote to National Gallery of Canada Director H. O. McCurry in 1930, "Your Canadian art apparently, for now at least, went down in Canoe Lake. Tom Thomson still stands as the Canadian painter, harsh, brilliant, brittle, uncouth, not only most Canadian but most creative. How the few things of his stick in one's mind." Murray notes that Thomson's influence can be seen in the work of later Canadian artists, including Rae Johnson, Joyce Wieland, Gordon Rayner and Michael Snow. Sherrill Grace wrote that for Roy Kiyooka and Dennis Lee, he "is a haunting presence" and "embodies the Canadian artistic identity".As of 2015, the highest price achieved by a Thomson sketch was Early Spring, Canoe Lake, which sold in 2009 for CAD$2,749,500. Few major canvases remain in private collections, making the record unlikely to be broken. One example of the demand his work has achieved is the previously lost Sketch for Lake in Algonquin Park; discovered in an Edmonton basement in 2018, it sold for nearly half a million dollars at a Toronto auction. The increased value of his work has led to the discovery of numerous forgeries on the market, such as those produced by convicted forger William Firth MacGregor. Art historian Joan Murray assembled a catalogue raisonné of Thomson works until her retirement in 2016.In 1967, the Tom Thomson Art Gallery opened in Owen Sound. In 1968, Thomson's shack from behind the Studio Building was moved to the McMichael Canadian Art Collection in Kleinburg. Many of his works are also on display at the National Gallery of Canada in Ottawa, the Art Gallery of Ontario, and the McMichael Canadian Art Collection in Kleinburg, Ontario. In 2004, another historical marker honouring Thomson was moved from its previous location near the centre of Leith to the graveyard in which he is now buried. The gravesite has become a popular spot for visitors to the area with many fans of his work leaving pennies or art supplies behind as tribute.Though best known for his painting, Thomson is often mythologized as a veritable outdoorsman. Dr. James MacCallum contributed stories to this image. He has often been remembered as an expert canoeist, though David Silcox has argued that this image is romanticized. In the case of fishing, he was no doubt proficient. He had a deep love of fishing for his entire life, so much so that his reputation through Algonquin Park was equally divided between art and angling. Most who visited the Park were led by hired guides, but he travelled through the park on his own. Many of his fishing locations appear in his work.
|
has works in the collection
| 74 |
[
"holds works in the collection"
] | null | null |
[
"Tom Thomson",
"field of work",
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] |
Flowers
As was typical for painters of the early twentieth century, Thomson produced still lifes of flowers, all of which appear in the form of sketches. His love of flowers may have developed from his father who, as a neighbour noted, had "a permanent half acre of a really good garden which was always worth going to see". Thomson's time spent as a child collecting samples with his naturalist relative Dr. William Brodie may have similarly influenced him, though his interest in painting flowers seems to have been more focused on patterning and decoration than on the horticultural specifics of the subject.These paintings, especially Marguerites, Wood Lilies and Vetch and Wildflowers, are particularly powerful examples of the genre. J. E. H. MacDonald—himself deeply invested in floral imagery—was so captured by Marguerites, Wood Lilies and Vetch that he kept it for himself, writing "Not For Sale" on the back. Thomson's work is contrasted from MacDonald's by what Joan Murray calls, "its elegant, slightly funky form and throwaway spontaneity." Lawren Harris instead noted Wildflowers as a favourite, writing "1st class" on the verso. The colour of the sketch is less brilliant, but has superb brushwork and is well coordinated, setting blues against yellows and reds against whites.Responding to his subject with improvization, every painting is different in its colour scheme and arrangement. In all the sketches, he redirected emphasis from the delicacy of the flowers towards simple broad strokes of colour, something Harold Town thought "[imparted] a toughness of design sometimes missing in his harder themes of rock and bracken". In Water Flowers particularly, the shapes are handled so summarily that the focus moves entirely to the colour of the flowers. This, combined with the black background, produces a more abstract effect. The black backdrop also causes the colours of the flowers to appear more vivid.
|
field of work
| 20 |
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[
"Tom Thomson",
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Series and themes
Trees
Thomson's most famous paintings are his depictions of pine trees, particularly The Jack Pine and The West Wind. David Silcox has described these paintings as "the visual equivalent of a national anthem, for they have come to represent the spirit of the whole country, notwithstanding the fact that vast tracts of Canada have no pine trees", and as "so majestic and memorable that nearly everyone knows them". Arthur Lismer described them similarly, saying that the tree in The West Wind was a symbol of the Canadian character, unyielding to the wind and emblematic of steadfastness and resolution.Thomson had a great enthusiasm for trees and worked to capture their forms, their surrounding locations, and the effect of the seasons on them. He normally depicted trees as amalgamated masses, giving "form structure and colour by dragging paint in bold strokes over an underlying tone". His favourite motif was of a slight hill next to a body of water. His enthusiasm is especially apparent in an anecdote from Ernest Freure, who invited Thomson to camp on an island on Georgian Bay:
|
notable work
| 73 |
[
"masterpiece",
"landmark",
"tour de force",
"most significant work",
"famous creation"
] | null | null |
[
"Tom Thomson",
"notable work",
"The West Wind"
] |
Thomas John Thomson (August 5, 1877 – July 8, 1917) was a Canadian artist active in the early 20th century. During his short career, he produced roughly 400 oil sketches on small wood panels and approximately 50 larger works on canvas. His works consist almost entirely of landscapes, depicting trees, skies, lakes, and rivers. He used broad brush strokes and a liberal application of paint to capture the beauty and colour of the Ontario landscape. Thomson's accidental death by drowning at 39 shortly before the founding of the Group of Seven is seen as a tragedy for Canadian art.
Raised in rural Ontario, Thomson was born into a large family of farmers and displayed no immediate artistic talent. He worked several jobs before attending a business college, eventually developing skills in penmanship and copperplate writing. At the turn of the 20th century, he was employed in Seattle and Toronto as a pen artist at several different photoengraving firms, including Grip Ltd. There he met those who eventually formed the Group of Seven, including J. E. H. MacDonald, Lawren Harris, Frederick Varley, Franklin Carmichael and Arthur Lismer. In May 1912, he visited Algonquin Park—a major public park and forest reservation in Central Ontario—for the first time. It was there that he acquired his first sketching equipment and, following MacDonald's advice, began to capture nature scenes. He became enraptured with the area and repeatedly returned, typically spending his winters in Toronto and the rest of the year in the Park. His earliest paintings were not outstanding technically, but showed a good grasp of composition and colour handling. His later paintings vary in composition and contain vivid colours and thickly applied paint. His later work has had a great influence on Canadian art—paintings such as The Jack Pine and The West Wind have taken a prominent place in the culture of Canada and are some of the country's most iconic works.
Thomson developed a reputation during his lifetime as a veritable outdoorsman, talented in both fishing and canoeing, although his skills in the latter have been contested. The circumstances of his drowning on Canoe Lake in Algonquin Park, linked with his image as a master canoeist, led to unsubstantiated but persistent rumours that he had been murdered or committed suicide.
Although he died before the formal establishment of the Group of Seven, Thomson is often considered an unofficial member. His art is typically exhibited with the rest of the Group's, nearly all of which remains in Canada—mainly at the Art Gallery of Ontario in Toronto, the National Gallery of Canada in Ottawa, the McMichael Canadian Art Collection in Kleinburg and the Tom Thomson Art Gallery in Owen Sound.
|
notable work
| 73 |
[
"masterpiece",
"landmark",
"tour de force",
"most significant work",
"famous creation"
] | null | null |
[
"Tom Thomson",
"place of death",
"Canoe Lake"
] |
Thomas John Thomson (August 5, 1877 – July 8, 1917) was a Canadian artist active in the early 20th century. During his short career, he produced roughly 400 oil sketches on small wood panels and approximately 50 larger works on canvas. His works consist almost entirely of landscapes, depicting trees, skies, lakes, and rivers. He used broad brush strokes and a liberal application of paint to capture the beauty and colour of the Ontario landscape. Thomson's accidental death by drowning at 39 shortly before the founding of the Group of Seven is seen as a tragedy for Canadian art.
Raised in rural Ontario, Thomson was born into a large family of farmers and displayed no immediate artistic talent. He worked several jobs before attending a business college, eventually developing skills in penmanship and copperplate writing. At the turn of the 20th century, he was employed in Seattle and Toronto as a pen artist at several different photoengraving firms, including Grip Ltd. There he met those who eventually formed the Group of Seven, including J. E. H. MacDonald, Lawren Harris, Frederick Varley, Franklin Carmichael and Arthur Lismer. In May 1912, he visited Algonquin Park—a major public park and forest reservation in Central Ontario—for the first time. It was there that he acquired his first sketching equipment and, following MacDonald's advice, began to capture nature scenes. He became enraptured with the area and repeatedly returned, typically spending his winters in Toronto and the rest of the year in the Park. His earliest paintings were not outstanding technically, but showed a good grasp of composition and colour handling. His later paintings vary in composition and contain vivid colours and thickly applied paint. His later work has had a great influence on Canadian art—paintings such as The Jack Pine and The West Wind have taken a prominent place in the culture of Canada and are some of the country's most iconic works.
Thomson developed a reputation during his lifetime as a veritable outdoorsman, talented in both fishing and canoeing, although his skills in the latter have been contested. The circumstances of his drowning on Canoe Lake in Algonquin Park, linked with his image as a master canoeist, led to unsubstantiated but persistent rumours that he had been murdered or committed suicide.
Although he died before the formal establishment of the Group of Seven, Thomson is often considered an unofficial member. His art is typically exhibited with the rest of the Group's, nearly all of which remains in Canada—mainly at the Art Gallery of Ontario in Toronto, the National Gallery of Canada in Ottawa, the McMichael Canadian Art Collection in Kleinburg and the Tom Thomson Art Gallery in Owen Sound.
|
place of death
| 45 |
[
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[
"Sam Carr",
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Sam Carr (July 7, 1906 – 1989) was an organizer for the Communist Party of Canada and its successor, the Labor-Progressive Party, in the 1930s and 1940s. He was born Schmil Kogan in Tomashpil, Ukraine, in 1906 and immigrated to Canada in 1924, living in Winnipeg and Regina before settling in Montreal in 1925. Carr became an organizer for the Young Communist League with Fred Rose.
|
instance of
| 5 |
[
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] | null | null |
[
"Sam Carr",
"country of citizenship",
"Canada"
] |
Sam Carr (July 7, 1906 – 1989) was an organizer for the Communist Party of Canada and its successor, the Labor-Progressive Party, in the 1930s and 1940s. He was born Schmil Kogan in Tomashpil, Ukraine, in 1906 and immigrated to Canada in 1924, living in Winnipeg and Regina before settling in Montreal in 1925. Carr became an organizer for the Young Communist League with Fred Rose.
|
country of citizenship
| 63 |
[
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"country of origin",
"citizenship nation",
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] | null | null |
[
"Sam Carr",
"sex or gender",
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] |
Sam Carr (July 7, 1906 – 1989) was an organizer for the Communist Party of Canada and its successor, the Labor-Progressive Party, in the 1930s and 1940s. He was born Schmil Kogan in Tomashpil, Ukraine, in 1906 and immigrated to Canada in 1924, living in Winnipeg and Regina before settling in Montreal in 1925. Carr became an organizer for the Young Communist League with Fred Rose.
|
sex or gender
| 65 |
[
"biological sex",
"gender identity",
"gender expression",
"sexual orientation",
"gender classification"
] | null | null |
[
"Sam Carr",
"member of political party",
"Communist Party of Canada"
] |
Sam Carr (July 7, 1906 – 1989) was an organizer for the Communist Party of Canada and its successor, the Labor-Progressive Party, in the 1930s and 1940s. He was born Schmil Kogan in Tomashpil, Ukraine, in 1906 and immigrated to Canada in 1924, living in Winnipeg and Regina before settling in Montreal in 1925. Carr became an organizer for the Young Communist League with Fred Rose.
|
member of political party
| 95 |
[
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"party membership",
"political party member",
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] | null | null |
[
"Sam Carr",
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"Tomashpil"
] |
Sam Carr (July 7, 1906 – 1989) was an organizer for the Communist Party of Canada and its successor, the Labor-Progressive Party, in the 1930s and 1940s. He was born Schmil Kogan in Tomashpil, Ukraine, in 1906 and immigrated to Canada in 1924, living in Winnipeg and Regina before settling in Montreal in 1925. Carr became an organizer for the Young Communist League with Fred Rose.
|
place of birth
| 42 |
[
"birthplace",
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"native place",
"homeland",
"birth city"
] | null | null |
[
"Sam Carr",
"family name",
"Carr"
] |
Sam Carr (July 7, 1906 – 1989) was an organizer for the Communist Party of Canada and its successor, the Labor-Progressive Party, in the 1930s and 1940s. He was born Schmil Kogan in Tomashpil, Ukraine, in 1906 and immigrated to Canada in 1924, living in Winnipeg and Regina before settling in Montreal in 1925. Carr became an organizer for the Young Communist League with Fred Rose.Biography
In 1931, Carr was arrested with other Communist Party leaders and detained in Kingston Penitentiary for 30 months for being an officer in the party, which had been declared illegal that year. Following his release from prison he was an organizer of the 1935 On to Ottawa Trek.He was the editor of the Communist Party's newspaper, The Clarion, before fleeing to the United States with other party leaders in 1940 when the party was again declared illegal. In 1942, following the German invasion of the USSR, those party leaders who had gone underground, including Carr and Tim Buck, turned themselves in to the authorities. They released after ten days on the promise that they would refrain from communist activities. As a result, the Labor-Progressive Party was formed in 1943 as a legal front for the party; Carr became its national organizer.In 1946, after a cypher clerk in the Soviet embassy in Ottawa, Igor Gouzenko, defected to Canada, a warrant was issued for Carr's arrest and he again fled to the United States. A Royal Commission on Espionage was called to investigate his activities. In 1949 he was found guilty of conspiracy to obtain a false passport, and was imprisoned for seven years. Carr was one of the principal recruiters of spies for the USSR in Canada.By the time of his release from prison, Carr was no longer a member of the Labor-Progressive Party, but became active in the left wing organization United Jewish Peoples' Order (UJPO) until his death in 1989. He wrote for the UJPO magazine under the pen name George Lewis.
|
family name
| 54 |
[
"surname",
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"patronymic",
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] | null | null |
[
"Sam Carr",
"given name",
"Sam"
] |
Sam Carr (July 7, 1906 – 1989) was an organizer for the Communist Party of Canada and its successor, the Labor-Progressive Party, in the 1930s and 1940s. He was born Schmil Kogan in Tomashpil, Ukraine, in 1906 and immigrated to Canada in 1924, living in Winnipeg and Regina before settling in Montreal in 1925. Carr became an organizer for the Young Communist League with Fred Rose.
|
given name
| 60 |
[
"first name",
"forename",
"given title",
"personal name"
] | null | null |
[
"Sébastien Rale",
"place of birth",
"Pontarlier"
] |
Early years
Rale was born in Pontarlier, France and studied in Dijon. In 1675, he joined the Society of Jesus at Dole and taught Greek and rhetoric at Nîmes. He volunteered for the American missions in 1689 and came to the Americas in a party led by Louis de Buade de Frontenac, the Governor General of New France. His first missionary work was at an Abenaki village in Saint Francois, near Quebec City. He then spent two years with the Illiniwek Indians at Kaskaskia.
|
place of birth
| 42 |
[
"birthplace",
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"native place",
"homeland",
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] | null | null |
[
"Sébastien Rale",
"occupation",
"missionary"
] |
Sébastien Rale (also Racle, Râle, Rasle, Rasles, and Sebastian Rale (January 20, 1657 – August 23, 1724) was a French Jesuit missionary and lexicographer who preached amongst the Abenaki and encouraged their resistance to British colonization during the early 18th century. This encouragement culminated in Dummer's War (1722–1725), where Rale was killed by a group of New England militiamen. Rale also worked on an Abenaki-French dictionary during his time in North America.Early years
Rale was born in Pontarlier, France and studied in Dijon. In 1675, he joined the Society of Jesus at Dole and taught Greek and rhetoric at Nîmes. He volunteered for the American missions in 1689 and came to the Americas in a party led by Louis de Buade de Frontenac, the Governor General of New France. His first missionary work was at an Abenaki village in Saint Francois, near Quebec City. He then spent two years with the Illiniwek Indians at Kaskaskia.Queen Anne's War
In 1694, Rale was sent to direct the Abenaki mission at Norridgewock, Maine on the Kennebec River. He made his headquarters there and erected a church in 1698. The New England colonists were suspicious of a French missionary arriving in the midst of a tribe that was already hostile, anticipating that the Frenchman would do his best to stoke hostility towards the colonists.Queen Anne's War pitted New France against New England, fighting to control the region. Massachusetts Governor Joseph Dudley arranged a conference with tribal representatives at Casco Bay in 1703 to propose that they remain neutral. However, a party of the Norridgewock tribe joined a larger force of French and Indians commanded by Alexandre Leneuf de Beaubassin to attack Wells, Maine in the Northeast Coast Campaign. New England colonists suspected Father Rale of inciting the tribe against them. However, French minister Pontchartrain also wrote to Rale's Jesuit superior because he suspected Rale of "being lukewarm about the war".Governor Dudley put a price on Rale's head. In the winter of 1705, 275 New England militiamen were dispatched under the command of Colonel Winthrop Hilton to seize Rale. The priest was warned in time, however, and escaped into the woods with his papers, but the militia burned the village and church. Rale wrote to his nephew:Sebastien Rale and the Abenaki
Rale was tasked with one of the longest and most eventful periods of priesthood in this area of the New World. Rale devoted himself to his mission work and began to study the Abenaki dialect to be a more effective priest. In addition, he also studied the Algonquin dialect in order to run a mission in Illinois for a few years after leaving Kennebec for a short time. In 1694 Father Rale was sent to the Kennebec mission in old Acadia. This was the westernmost mission in the area and Father Rale was the first permanent pastor in lower Kennebec.Father Rale showed compassion for the Abenaki people, in a letter to his brother which consisted of a long poem he said, "My throat is white and it bleeds" and "I shook the chapel bell in tears/ And cried revenge!" during Father Rale's war facing the settlers taking the side of the tribe. At a time when many French people and Jesuit priests like Father Rale himself believed the Abenaki people were wild beasts in need of civilization, Rale expressed no such sentiments; eventually becoming a martyr to the Abenaki by dying during his campaign to help them resist the encroachment of New England settlers on their lands.The Jesuit mission in Abenaki territory had existed since 1632, many years before Rale had begun his mission there. The mission was created by the French around the same period that they gained control of Quebec. Rale was put in charge to keep the Abenaki from moving, and to have a more sedentary lifestyle that revolved around Christianity. Many people in St. Lawrence looked toward the Abenaki land to help with the fur trade as their land was to the south of them.The Abenaki people’s land was of high priority for the settlers in the area because of fur trade implications. Before Rale got to Norridgewock the native people there had signed a treaty making them British subjects with very little idea of what this meant. This made the French come after Father Rale and his group of Abenaki in search of supplies needed to further the fur trade.The native people in Norridgewock were said by the New England settlers to have verbally proclaimed themselves at their will but Father Rale denied this had ever happened and kept loyalties to the French. Throughout his life and mission Rale remained a beloved priest of the people of the area and is still thought to be a martyr as many Abenaki believe he gave his life to help them resist the encroachment of settlers.The colonists asked the Abenaki to remain neutral near the beginning of the French and Indian War but because of their religious ties with the French they could not fight against them. Father Rale was present at the meeting on behalf of the native people and stated that the Abenaki would be "ready to take up the hatchet against the English whenever he gave them the order".
|
occupation
| 48 |
[
"job",
"profession",
"career",
"vocation",
"employment"
] | null | null |
[
"Sébastien Rale",
"given name",
"Sébastien"
] |
Sébastien Rale (also Racle, Râle, Rasle, Rasles, and Sebastian Rale (January 20, 1657 – August 23, 1724) was a French Jesuit missionary and lexicographer who preached amongst the Abenaki and encouraged their resistance to British colonization during the early 18th century. This encouragement culminated in Dummer's War (1722–1725), where Rale was killed by a group of New England militiamen. Rale also worked on an Abenaki-French dictionary during his time in North America.
|
given name
| 60 |
[
"first name",
"forename",
"given title",
"personal name"
] | null | null |
[
"Sébastien Rale",
"sex or gender",
"male"
] |
Sébastien Rale (also Racle, Râle, Rasle, Rasles, and Sebastian Rale (January 20, 1657 – August 23, 1724) was a French Jesuit missionary and lexicographer who preached amongst the Abenaki and encouraged their resistance to British colonization during the early 18th century. This encouragement culminated in Dummer's War (1722–1725), where Rale was killed by a group of New England militiamen. Rale also worked on an Abenaki-French dictionary during his time in North America.
|
sex or gender
| 65 |
[
"biological sex",
"gender identity",
"gender expression",
"sexual orientation",
"gender classification"
] | null | null |
[
"John Edgar Colwell Hearne",
"instance of",
"human"
] |
John Edgar Colwell Hearne (4 February 1926 – 12 December 1994) was a Jamaican novelist, journalist, and teacher.Biography
Hearne was born in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, of Jamaican parents and attended Jamaica College in Kingston. After serving in the RAF during the Second World War, he read English and Philosophy at Edinburgh University. He trained as a teacher at London University and from 1950 to 1952 taught in a Jamaican school. He also worked as a journalist. He then travelled in Europe for some years (part of the time with novelist Roger Mais), before returning to Jamaica in 1957. He returned to the UK in the summer of 1958 and taught English at Midhurst Grammar School before working in journalism into 1960. He was subsequently on the staff of the Extra-Mural Department of the University of the West Indies, Mona.
|
instance of
| 5 |
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] | null | null |
[
"John Edgar Colwell Hearne",
"country of citizenship",
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Biography
Hearne was born in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, of Jamaican parents and attended Jamaica College in Kingston. After serving in the RAF during the Second World War, he read English and Philosophy at Edinburgh University. He trained as a teacher at London University and from 1950 to 1952 taught in a Jamaican school. He also worked as a journalist. He then travelled in Europe for some years (part of the time with novelist Roger Mais), before returning to Jamaica in 1957. He returned to the UK in the summer of 1958 and taught English at Midhurst Grammar School before working in journalism into 1960. He was subsequently on the staff of the Extra-Mural Department of the University of the West Indies, Mona.
|
country of citizenship
| 63 |
[
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"citizenship nation",
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] | null | null |
[
"John Edgar Colwell Hearne",
"place of birth",
"Montreal"
] |
Biography
Hearne was born in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, of Jamaican parents and attended Jamaica College in Kingston. After serving in the RAF during the Second World War, he read English and Philosophy at Edinburgh University. He trained as a teacher at London University and from 1950 to 1952 taught in a Jamaican school. He also worked as a journalist. He then travelled in Europe for some years (part of the time with novelist Roger Mais), before returning to Jamaica in 1957. He returned to the UK in the summer of 1958 and taught English at Midhurst Grammar School before working in journalism into 1960. He was subsequently on the staff of the Extra-Mural Department of the University of the West Indies, Mona.
|
place of birth
| 42 |
[
"birthplace",
"place of origin",
"native place",
"homeland",
"birth city"
] | null | null |
[
"John Edgar Colwell Hearne",
"occupation",
"writer"
] |
John Edgar Colwell Hearne (4 February 1926 – 12 December 1994) was a Jamaican novelist, journalist, and teacher.Biography
Hearne was born in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, of Jamaican parents and attended Jamaica College in Kingston. After serving in the RAF during the Second World War, he read English and Philosophy at Edinburgh University. He trained as a teacher at London University and from 1950 to 1952 taught in a Jamaican school. He also worked as a journalist. He then travelled in Europe for some years (part of the time with novelist Roger Mais), before returning to Jamaica in 1957. He returned to the UK in the summer of 1958 and taught English at Midhurst Grammar School before working in journalism into 1960. He was subsequently on the staff of the Extra-Mural Department of the University of the West Indies, Mona.
|
occupation
| 48 |
[
"job",
"profession",
"career",
"vocation",
"employment"
] | null | null |
[
"John Edgar Colwell Hearne",
"award received",
"John Llewellyn Rhys Prize"
] |
Writing
Hearne's first published work was the novel Voices under the Window, issued in 1955. Set in Jamaica in the late 1940s or early 1950s, it uses the framing device of a progressive politician's injury and death in a riot to narrate the story of a man who, born into racial and economic privilege, decided to cast his lot with the underprivileged. Hearne won the 1956 John Llewellyn Rhys Prize for Voices Under the Window, making him the first Caribbean author to win a major British literary prize.
Hearne followed this with four novels written between 1956 and 1961 – The Faces of Love, Stranger at the Gate, The Autumn Equinox and Land of the Living – set in the imaginary island of Cayuna which is a fictionalized Jamaica (the map of Cayuna included with the novels bears a remarkable resemblance to Jamaica), and which referred to issues relating to Jamaican life at the time, such as the beginning of the bauxite industry and the Rastafari movement, or to events in nearby territories such as the Cuban Revolution. He also wrote a number of short stories, one of which, "At the Stelling", set in Guyana, was included in the Independence Anthology of Jamaican Literature.
Hearne then turned to the academy and journalism – writing a regular column for the Gleaner newspaper, first under the pseudonym Jay Monroe, and later under his own name, and administering the Creative Arts Centre (now the Sir Philip Sherlock Centre for the Creative Arts) at the University of the West Indies.
In the late 1960s and early 1970s he collaborated with planter and journalist Morris Cargill on a series of three thrillers – Fever Grass, The Candywine Development, and The Checkerboard Caper – involving an imaginary Jamaican secret service. These were written under the pseudonym John Morris. Fever Grass is cited in the Oxford English Dictionary as a source for the use of "fuck" as a noun.
In 1985 he published his last novel, The Sure Salvation, set on a slave ship crossing the Atlantic in the mid-nineteenth century. The voyage ends in the imaginary British South American colony of Abari, also mentioned in The Checkerboard Caper.
The University of the West Indies Mona campus in Jamaica holds the John Hearne Collection spanning 1982–1994. It consists of biographical papers, tributes, correspondence, newspaper clippings related to the death of John Hearne, his manuscripts and more.
|
award received
| 62 |
[
"received an award",
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"received a prize",
"awarded with"
] | null | null |
[
"John Edgar Colwell Hearne",
"occupation",
"journalist"
] |
John Edgar Colwell Hearne (4 February 1926 – 12 December 1994) was a Jamaican novelist, journalist, and teacher.Biography
Hearne was born in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, of Jamaican parents and attended Jamaica College in Kingston. After serving in the RAF during the Second World War, he read English and Philosophy at Edinburgh University. He trained as a teacher at London University and from 1950 to 1952 taught in a Jamaican school. He also worked as a journalist. He then travelled in Europe for some years (part of the time with novelist Roger Mais), before returning to Jamaica in 1957. He returned to the UK in the summer of 1958 and taught English at Midhurst Grammar School before working in journalism into 1960. He was subsequently on the staff of the Extra-Mural Department of the University of the West Indies, Mona.Writing
Hearne's first published work was the novel Voices under the Window, issued in 1955. Set in Jamaica in the late 1940s or early 1950s, it uses the framing device of a progressive politician's injury and death in a riot to narrate the story of a man who, born into racial and economic privilege, decided to cast his lot with the underprivileged. Hearne won the 1956 John Llewellyn Rhys Prize for Voices Under the Window, making him the first Caribbean author to win a major British literary prize.
Hearne followed this with four novels written between 1956 and 1961 – The Faces of Love, Stranger at the Gate, The Autumn Equinox and Land of the Living – set in the imaginary island of Cayuna which is a fictionalized Jamaica (the map of Cayuna included with the novels bears a remarkable resemblance to Jamaica), and which referred to issues relating to Jamaican life at the time, such as the beginning of the bauxite industry and the Rastafari movement, or to events in nearby territories such as the Cuban Revolution. He also wrote a number of short stories, one of which, "At the Stelling", set in Guyana, was included in the Independence Anthology of Jamaican Literature.
Hearne then turned to the academy and journalism – writing a regular column for the Gleaner newspaper, first under the pseudonym Jay Monroe, and later under his own name, and administering the Creative Arts Centre (now the Sir Philip Sherlock Centre for the Creative Arts) at the University of the West Indies.
In the late 1960s and early 1970s he collaborated with planter and journalist Morris Cargill on a series of three thrillers – Fever Grass, The Candywine Development, and The Checkerboard Caper – involving an imaginary Jamaican secret service. These were written under the pseudonym John Morris. Fever Grass is cited in the Oxford English Dictionary as a source for the use of "fuck" as a noun.
In 1985 he published his last novel, The Sure Salvation, set on a slave ship crossing the Atlantic in the mid-nineteenth century. The voyage ends in the imaginary British South American colony of Abari, also mentioned in The Checkerboard Caper.
The University of the West Indies Mona campus in Jamaica holds the John Hearne Collection spanning 1982–1994. It consists of biographical papers, tributes, correspondence, newspaper clippings related to the death of John Hearne, his manuscripts and more.
|
occupation
| 48 |
[
"job",
"profession",
"career",
"vocation",
"employment"
] | null | null |
[
"John Edgar Colwell Hearne",
"given name",
"John"
] |
John Edgar Colwell Hearne (4 February 1926 – 12 December 1994) was a Jamaican novelist, journalist, and teacher.Biography
Hearne was born in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, of Jamaican parents and attended Jamaica College in Kingston. After serving in the RAF during the Second World War, he read English and Philosophy at Edinburgh University. He trained as a teacher at London University and from 1950 to 1952 taught in a Jamaican school. He also worked as a journalist. He then travelled in Europe for some years (part of the time with novelist Roger Mais), before returning to Jamaica in 1957. He returned to the UK in the summer of 1958 and taught English at Midhurst Grammar School before working in journalism into 1960. He was subsequently on the staff of the Extra-Mural Department of the University of the West Indies, Mona.
|
given name
| 60 |
[
"first name",
"forename",
"given title",
"personal name"
] | null | null |
[
"John Edgar Colwell Hearne",
"family name",
"Hearne"
] |
John Edgar Colwell Hearne (4 February 1926 – 12 December 1994) was a Jamaican novelist, journalist, and teacher.Biography
Hearne was born in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, of Jamaican parents and attended Jamaica College in Kingston. After serving in the RAF during the Second World War, he read English and Philosophy at Edinburgh University. He trained as a teacher at London University and from 1950 to 1952 taught in a Jamaican school. He also worked as a journalist. He then travelled in Europe for some years (part of the time with novelist Roger Mais), before returning to Jamaica in 1957. He returned to the UK in the summer of 1958 and taught English at Midhurst Grammar School before working in journalism into 1960. He was subsequently on the staff of the Extra-Mural Department of the University of the West Indies, Mona.
|
family name
| 54 |
[
"surname",
"last name",
"patronymic",
"family surname",
"clan name"
] | null | null |
[
"John Edgar Colwell Hearne",
"family name",
"Colwell"
] |
John Edgar Colwell Hearne (4 February 1926 – 12 December 1994) was a Jamaican novelist, journalist, and teacher.
|
family name
| 54 |
[
"surname",
"last name",
"patronymic",
"family surname",
"clan name"
] | null | null |
[
"Albert Guay",
"place of death",
"Canada"
] |
Arrests, trials, and executions
Since the plane had crashed onto land instead of into water, the police had more access to evidence. They soon realized that the explosion was not an accident. One officer told a reporter about the case, who wrote, without mentioning names, that the police were searching for a woman who delivered an unusual package to the airport.The story appeared on September 15, but Guay did not see it until four days later. He then went to Pitre and said they were in serious trouble. However, he proposed a solution. Guay said Pitre should kill herself and leave a note admitting sole responsibility for the explosion. Pitre refused. Instead, she called her doctor and complained about abdominal problems. After being taken to the hospital, she took enough sleeping pills to make her drowsy. On September 23, Pitre returned home and was questioned by the police. She confessed to taking a package to the airport on September as a favor for Guay. Pitre concealed her own complicity, claiming Guay had told her that the package contained a statue.Albert Guay was arrested two weeks after the crash and tried in February 1950. While awaiting trial, an informant reported that he said Ruest had made the mechanism of the bomb. The police went to Ruest, who admitted this, but said he thought the bomb was going to be used to blast tree stumps.Guay showed a lack of interest in his trial and did not testify in his own defense. His only display of emotion throughout the entire trial happened when Robitaille took the stand and said she didn't love him anymore. Guay was found guilty of murder on 14 March 1950. The judge, Albert Sévigny, cried as he presented a photo of Rita's body. Upon being convicted, Guay was sentenced to death by hanging. Before passing sentence, Sévigny declared to Guay, "Your crime is infamous. It has no name."Guay did not file an appeal, "for reasons known only to myself," he said. The prosecutor said that if Guay could not live with Robitaille, he did not want to live at all. Guay was executed on 12 January 1951, at the age of 33. His last words were "Au moins, je meurs célèbre" (At least I die famous).Before he was executed, however, Guay did send an extremely detailed 40-page confession directly to the Premier of Quebec, Maurice Duplessis. As a result, Ruest was arrested for murder on 6 June 1950, and tried in November of that year. The jury had the option of convicting him of manslaughter, but chose to convict him of murder. Marguerite Pitre was arrested on 14 June 1950, and tried separately, beginning 6 March 1951. Both were sentenced to death by hanging.Ruest was hanged on 25 July 1952. Suffering from osseous tuberculosis, he had to be transported to the gallows in a wheelchair. Pitre was hanged on 9 January 1953, the thirteenth and last woman to be hanged in Canada. All three executions took place at Bordeaux Prison in Montreal.
|
place of death
| 45 |
[
"location of death",
"death place",
"place where they died",
"place of passing",
"final resting place"
] | null | null |
[
"Albert Guay",
"manner of death",
"capital punishment"
] |
Canadian Pacific Air Lines Flight 108, known as the Sault-au-Cochon Tragedy, was a Douglas DC-3 operated by Canadian Pacific Air Lines (registry CF-CUA S/N: 4518) that was blown up by a dynamite time bomb on 9 September 1949. The plane was flying from Montreal to Baie-Comeau, Quebec, with a stopover at Quebec City, when it was destroyed. All 19 passengers and 4 crew members were killed in the explosion and crash.
Investigators discovered that three people, Joseph-Albert Guay (22 September 1917 – 12 January 1951), Généreux Ruest (1898 – 25 July 1952), and Marguerite Pitre (5 September 1908 – 9 January 1953), had conspired to destroy the plane to obtain life insurance money. Guay himself had wanted to kill his wife, who was a passenger, so he could marry his mistress. All three of them were tried for murder and executed.
|
manner of death
| 44 |
[
"cause of death",
"mode of death",
"method of death",
"way of dying",
"circumstances of death"
] | null | null |
[
"Albert Guay",
"start point",
"Montreal"
] |
Canadian Pacific Air Lines Flight 108, known as the Sault-au-Cochon Tragedy, was a Douglas DC-3 operated by Canadian Pacific Air Lines (registry CF-CUA S/N: 4518) that was blown up by a dynamite time bomb on 9 September 1949. The plane was flying from Montreal to Baie-Comeau, Quebec, with a stopover at Quebec City, when it was destroyed. All 19 passengers and 4 crew members were killed in the explosion and crash.
Investigators discovered that three people, Joseph-Albert Guay (22 September 1917 – 12 January 1951), Généreux Ruest (1898 – 25 July 1952), and Marguerite Pitre (5 September 1908 – 9 January 1953), had conspired to destroy the plane to obtain life insurance money. Guay himself had wanted to kill his wife, who was a passenger, so he could marry his mistress. All three of them were tried for murder and executed.
|
start point
| 177 |
[
"starting point",
"origin",
"commencement",
"beginning",
"genesis"
] | null | null |
[
"Albert Guay",
"given name",
"Albert"
] |
Canadian Pacific Air Lines Flight 108, known as the Sault-au-Cochon Tragedy, was a Douglas DC-3 operated by Canadian Pacific Air Lines (registry CF-CUA S/N: 4518) that was blown up by a dynamite time bomb on 9 September 1949. The plane was flying from Montreal to Baie-Comeau, Quebec, with a stopover at Quebec City, when it was destroyed. All 19 passengers and 4 crew members were killed in the explosion and crash.
Investigators discovered that three people, Joseph-Albert Guay (22 September 1917 – 12 January 1951), Généreux Ruest (1898 – 25 July 1952), and Marguerite Pitre (5 September 1908 – 9 January 1953), had conspired to destroy the plane to obtain life insurance money. Guay himself had wanted to kill his wife, who was a passenger, so he could marry his mistress. All three of them were tried for murder and executed.
|
given name
| 60 |
[
"first name",
"forename",
"given title",
"personal name"
] | null | null |
[
"Albert Guay",
"operator",
"Canadian Pacific Air Lines"
] |
Canadian Pacific Air Lines Flight 108, known as the Sault-au-Cochon Tragedy, was a Douglas DC-3 operated by Canadian Pacific Air Lines (registry CF-CUA S/N: 4518) that was blown up by a dynamite time bomb on 9 September 1949. The plane was flying from Montreal to Baie-Comeau, Quebec, with a stopover at Quebec City, when it was destroyed. All 19 passengers and 4 crew members were killed in the explosion and crash.
Investigators discovered that three people, Joseph-Albert Guay (22 September 1917 – 12 January 1951), Généreux Ruest (1898 – 25 July 1952), and Marguerite Pitre (5 September 1908 – 9 January 1953), had conspired to destroy the plane to obtain life insurance money. Guay himself had wanted to kill his wife, who was a passenger, so he could marry his mistress. All three of them were tried for murder and executed.Flight 108
Flight 108 was a Douglas DC-3 operated by Canadian Pacific Air Lines flying from Montreal to Baie-Comeau with a stopover at Quebec City.
Guay calculated that the explosion would send the plane into the Saint Lawrence River which would have made any forensic investigation very difficult with the technology of the time. A five-minute takeoff delay caused the plane to crash instead at Cap Tourmente, near Sault-au-Cochon in the Charlevoix region of Quebec, killing all 23 persons on board – four crew members and 19 passengers including four children. The bombing was the first attack against civil aviation in North America and received wide news coverage locally and abroad. All but three of the victims were Canadians. The three exceptions were the president, president-designate, and vice-president of the Kennecott Copper Corporation.
|
operator
| 139 |
[
"controller",
"manager",
"supervisor",
"administrator",
"coordinator"
] | null | null |
[
"Albert Guay",
"family name",
"Guay"
] |
Background
Joseph-Albert Guay was born the youngest of five children on 22 September 1917 in Charny, Quebec. His father was killed in a railroad accident when he was aged 5 and the family moved to a suburb of Quebec City.During World War II, Guay obtained a draft deferment. In August 1941, he married Rita Morel and moved to Quebec City, where he worked at the Arsenal and sold jewelry and watches on the side. During this time, Guay met a watchmaker named Généreux Ruest, becoming close friends with Ruest and his sister, Marguerite Pitre. Towards the end of the war, Guay started selling jewelry fulltime, offering engagement rings, crucifixes, and watches. He also picked up damaged watches and took them to Ruest, who had his own workshop, to be repaired. Ruest and his wife moved to Sept-Îles, where the couple had a daughter in 1945.Pitre was born in Saint-Octave-de-Métis, Quebec. She ran a boarding house at Saint-Roch, and was known by her neighbours and later the press as "Madame le Corbeau" ("Madame Raven") because she always wore black. or La femme Pitre in Quebec.
|
family name
| 54 |
[
"surname",
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"patronymic",
"family surname",
"clan name"
] | null | null |
[
"Alexandre-Édouard Kierzkowski",
"instance of",
"human"
] |
Alexandre-Édouard Kierzkowski (November 21, 1816 – August 4, 1870) was a civil engineer and political figure in Canada East.Life
He was born as Aleksander Edward Kierzkowski in the Grand Duchy of Poznań (now in Poland) and joined the Polish Army as an officer in an unsuccessful campaign against the Russians in 1830 to 1831. He was the son of the Jakub Filip Kierzkowski polish nobleman and officer and Marianna Garnysz. He moved to France and received a diploma as a civil engineer in Paris. He arrived in Canada in 1842. In 1845, he married Louise-Amélie Debartzch, daughter of Pierre-Dominique Debartzch, and, by marriage, became seigneur of parts of Saint-François-le-Neuf, Cournoyer, Debartzch, and L'Assomption. He became justice of the peace and was appointed major in the Richilieu militia in 1855.
In 1858, he was elected to the Legislative Council for the Montarville division, but he was disqualified in 1861 because the value of the property that he owned was not judged to be adequate. In 1861, he was elected to the 7th Parliament of the Province of Canada representing Verchères; his election was declared invalid in 1863. In 1868, after the death of his first wife, he married Caroline-Virginie, his wife's cousin and the daughter of François-Roch de Saint-Ours. In 1867, he was elected to the House of Commons of Canada representing St. Hyacinthe; he died while still in office at Saint-Ours, Quebec in 1870. He is believed to have returned from a trip to his native country with some Polish soil that was later buried with him.
|
instance of
| 5 |
[
"type of",
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"manifestation of",
"representation of"
] | null | null |
[
"Alexandre-Édouard Kierzkowski",
"place of birth",
"Poland"
] |
Life
He was born as Aleksander Edward Kierzkowski in the Grand Duchy of Poznań (now in Poland) and joined the Polish Army as an officer in an unsuccessful campaign against the Russians in 1830 to 1831. He was the son of the Jakub Filip Kierzkowski polish nobleman and officer and Marianna Garnysz. He moved to France and received a diploma as a civil engineer in Paris. He arrived in Canada in 1842. In 1845, he married Louise-Amélie Debartzch, daughter of Pierre-Dominique Debartzch, and, by marriage, became seigneur of parts of Saint-François-le-Neuf, Cournoyer, Debartzch, and L'Assomption. He became justice of the peace and was appointed major in the Richilieu militia in 1855.
In 1858, he was elected to the Legislative Council for the Montarville division, but he was disqualified in 1861 because the value of the property that he owned was not judged to be adequate. In 1861, he was elected to the 7th Parliament of the Province of Canada representing Verchères; his election was declared invalid in 1863. In 1868, after the death of his first wife, he married Caroline-Virginie, his wife's cousin and the daughter of François-Roch de Saint-Ours. In 1867, he was elected to the House of Commons of Canada representing St. Hyacinthe; he died while still in office at Saint-Ours, Quebec in 1870. He is believed to have returned from a trip to his native country with some Polish soil that was later buried with him.
|
place of birth
| 42 |
[
"birthplace",
"place of origin",
"native place",
"homeland",
"birth city"
] | null | null |
[
"Alexandre-Édouard Kierzkowski",
"country of citizenship",
"Poland"
] |
Life
He was born as Aleksander Edward Kierzkowski in the Grand Duchy of Poznań (now in Poland) and joined the Polish Army as an officer in an unsuccessful campaign against the Russians in 1830 to 1831. He was the son of the Jakub Filip Kierzkowski polish nobleman and officer and Marianna Garnysz. He moved to France and received a diploma as a civil engineer in Paris. He arrived in Canada in 1842. In 1845, he married Louise-Amélie Debartzch, daughter of Pierre-Dominique Debartzch, and, by marriage, became seigneur of parts of Saint-François-le-Neuf, Cournoyer, Debartzch, and L'Assomption. He became justice of the peace and was appointed major in the Richilieu militia in 1855.
In 1858, he was elected to the Legislative Council for the Montarville division, but he was disqualified in 1861 because the value of the property that he owned was not judged to be adequate. In 1861, he was elected to the 7th Parliament of the Province of Canada representing Verchères; his election was declared invalid in 1863. In 1868, after the death of his first wife, he married Caroline-Virginie, his wife's cousin and the daughter of François-Roch de Saint-Ours. In 1867, he was elected to the House of Commons of Canada representing St. Hyacinthe; he died while still in office at Saint-Ours, Quebec in 1870. He is believed to have returned from a trip to his native country with some Polish soil that was later buried with him.
|
country of citizenship
| 63 |
[
"citizenship country",
"place of citizenship",
"country of origin",
"citizenship nation",
"country of citizenship status"
] | null | null |
[
"Alexandre-Édouard Kierzkowski",
"father",
"Jakub Filip Kierzkowski"
] |
Life
He was born as Aleksander Edward Kierzkowski in the Grand Duchy of Poznań (now in Poland) and joined the Polish Army as an officer in an unsuccessful campaign against the Russians in 1830 to 1831. He was the son of the Jakub Filip Kierzkowski polish nobleman and officer and Marianna Garnysz. He moved to France and received a diploma as a civil engineer in Paris. He arrived in Canada in 1842. In 1845, he married Louise-Amélie Debartzch, daughter of Pierre-Dominique Debartzch, and, by marriage, became seigneur of parts of Saint-François-le-Neuf, Cournoyer, Debartzch, and L'Assomption. He became justice of the peace and was appointed major in the Richilieu militia in 1855.
In 1858, he was elected to the Legislative Council for the Montarville division, but he was disqualified in 1861 because the value of the property that he owned was not judged to be adequate. In 1861, he was elected to the 7th Parliament of the Province of Canada representing Verchères; his election was declared invalid in 1863. In 1868, after the death of his first wife, he married Caroline-Virginie, his wife's cousin and the daughter of François-Roch de Saint-Ours. In 1867, he was elected to the House of Commons of Canada representing St. Hyacinthe; he died while still in office at Saint-Ours, Quebec in 1870. He is believed to have returned from a trip to his native country with some Polish soil that was later buried with him.
|
father
| 57 |
[
"dad",
"daddy",
"papa",
"pop",
"sire"
] | null | null |
[
"Alexandre-Édouard Kierzkowski",
"occupation",
"civil engineer"
] |
Alexandre-Édouard Kierzkowski (November 21, 1816 – August 4, 1870) was a civil engineer and political figure in Canada East.Life
He was born as Aleksander Edward Kierzkowski in the Grand Duchy of Poznań (now in Poland) and joined the Polish Army as an officer in an unsuccessful campaign against the Russians in 1830 to 1831. He was the son of the Jakub Filip Kierzkowski polish nobleman and officer and Marianna Garnysz. He moved to France and received a diploma as a civil engineer in Paris. He arrived in Canada in 1842. In 1845, he married Louise-Amélie Debartzch, daughter of Pierre-Dominique Debartzch, and, by marriage, became seigneur of parts of Saint-François-le-Neuf, Cournoyer, Debartzch, and L'Assomption. He became justice of the peace and was appointed major in the Richilieu militia in 1855.
In 1858, he was elected to the Legislative Council for the Montarville division, but he was disqualified in 1861 because the value of the property that he owned was not judged to be adequate. In 1861, he was elected to the 7th Parliament of the Province of Canada representing Verchères; his election was declared invalid in 1863. In 1868, after the death of his first wife, he married Caroline-Virginie, his wife's cousin and the daughter of François-Roch de Saint-Ours. In 1867, he was elected to the House of Commons of Canada representing St. Hyacinthe; he died while still in office at Saint-Ours, Quebec in 1870. He is believed to have returned from a trip to his native country with some Polish soil that was later buried with him.
|
occupation
| 48 |
[
"job",
"profession",
"career",
"vocation",
"employment"
] | null | null |
[
"Alphonse de Tonty",
"father",
"Lorenzo de Tonti"
] |
Pierre Alphonse de Tonty, or Alphonse de Tonty, Baron de Paludy (c. 1659 – 10 November 1727) was an officer who served under the French explorer Cadillac and helped establish the first European settlement at Detroit, Michigan, Fort Pontchartrain du Detroit on the Detroit River in 1701. Several months later, both Cadillac and Tonty brought their wives to the fort, making them the first European women to travel so deep into the new territory.
He was born in Paris, ca. 1659, to Lorenzo de Tonti who was a financier and former governor of Gaeta who was in France in exile. Lorenzo de Tonti was the inventor of the form of life insurance known as the tontine. Henri de Tonti, involved in LaSalle's exploration of the Mississippi River and the establishment of the first settlement in Arkansas, was his older brother.
Tonty was commanding the fort in Detroit by 1717, but by 1727 numerous complaints, including those by the Huron led to his dismissal.
Tonty was involved in numerous scandals and disreputable activities before he was eventually dismissed from his post as commandant of Fort Pontchartrain. He died before he could obtain another appointment or return to France.
Tonty was married twice. His first marriage in 1689 was to Marie Anne Picoté de Belestre with whom he had 13 children. She was the daughter of Pierre Picoté de Belestre.
|
father
| 57 |
[
"dad",
"daddy",
"papa",
"pop",
"sire"
] | null | null |
[
"Alphonse de Tonty",
"sibling",
"Henri de Tonti"
] |
Pierre Alphonse de Tonty, or Alphonse de Tonty, Baron de Paludy (c. 1659 – 10 November 1727) was an officer who served under the French explorer Cadillac and helped establish the first European settlement at Detroit, Michigan, Fort Pontchartrain du Detroit on the Detroit River in 1701. Several months later, both Cadillac and Tonty brought their wives to the fort, making them the first European women to travel so deep into the new territory.
He was born in Paris, ca. 1659, to Lorenzo de Tonti who was a financier and former governor of Gaeta who was in France in exile. Lorenzo de Tonti was the inventor of the form of life insurance known as the tontine. Henri de Tonti, involved in LaSalle's exploration of the Mississippi River and the establishment of the first settlement in Arkansas, was his older brother.
Tonty was commanding the fort in Detroit by 1717, but by 1727 numerous complaints, including those by the Huron led to his dismissal.
Tonty was involved in numerous scandals and disreputable activities before he was eventually dismissed from his post as commandant of Fort Pontchartrain. He died before he could obtain another appointment or return to France.
Tonty was married twice. His first marriage in 1689 was to Marie Anne Picoté de Belestre with whom he had 13 children. She was the daughter of Pierre Picoté de Belestre.
|
sibling
| 37 |
[
"brother or sister",
"kin"
] | null | null |
[
"Carl Dair",
"country of citizenship",
"Canada"
] |
Harris Carleton Dair (February 14, 1912 – September 28, 1967), known as Carl Dair, was a Canadian graphic designer, teacher, type designer, and author. Primarily a self-taught designer, Dair was internationally known and developed visual design principles for typography which are still in use today.
|
country of citizenship
| 63 |
[
"citizenship country",
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"country of origin",
"citizenship nation",
"country of citizenship status"
] | null | null |
[
"Carl Dair",
"place of birth",
"Welland"
] |
Early life
Dair was born in Crowland Township in Welland, Ontario, in 1912, to William Albert Dair and Bertha Minnie Dair (née White). Dair's first job as an 18-year-old was creating advertising and layouts for the Stratford Beacon-Herald.
|
place of birth
| 42 |
[
"birthplace",
"place of origin",
"native place",
"homeland",
"birth city"
] | null | null |
[
"Carl Dair",
"given name",
"Carl"
] |
Harris Carleton Dair (February 14, 1912 – September 28, 1967), known as Carl Dair, was a Canadian graphic designer, teacher, type designer, and author. Primarily a self-taught designer, Dair was internationally known and developed visual design principles for typography which are still in use today.
|
given name
| 60 |
[
"first name",
"forename",
"given title",
"personal name"
] | null | null |
[
"Carl Dair",
"family name",
"Dair"
] |
Harris Carleton Dair (February 14, 1912 – September 28, 1967), known as Carl Dair, was a Canadian graphic designer, teacher, type designer, and author. Primarily a self-taught designer, Dair was internationally known and developed visual design principles for typography which are still in use today.Early life
Dair was born in Crowland Township in Welland, Ontario, in 1912, to William Albert Dair and Bertha Minnie Dair (née White). Dair's first job as an 18-year-old was creating advertising and layouts for the Stratford Beacon-Herald.Career
Dair formed a partnership with Henry Eveleigh and set-up the Dair-Eveleigh Studio from 1947-51 in Montréal, Quebec. He worked principally as a freelance designer on a variety of jobs from department store art director to the typographic director for the National Film Board of Canada (1945). Dair lectured on typography at the Ontario College of Art between 1959 and 1962, as well as teaching at the Jamaica School of Arts and Crafts for two years.Dair published a book, Design with Type, in 1952; it was revised and republished in 1967. In it he described principals of design using primarily typefaces; in particular, he outlined visual principles of harmony and contrast codifying seven kinds of typographic contrast: size, weight, structure, form, texture, colour, and direction. "Contrast is the opposite of concord; it is based on a unity of differences." Design with Type became the first Canadian book to receive the Book of the Year Award from the American Institute of Graphic Arts (AIGA). It was republished by the University of Toronto Press (First Edition) in 2000.
In 1956 and 1957, after receiving the RSC fellowship, Dair studied type design and manufacture in the Netherlands. He studied metal type and hand-punching at Enschedé Foundry in Haarlem, Netherlands, where he created a silent film called Gravers and Files documenting the craft of punchcutter P. H. Radisch.Dair's experiences at Enschedé prepared Dair for the creation of a typeface called Cartier, which was commissioned and released for Canada's 1967 centenary celebrations, to be an identifiable Canadian typeface. The original design was based on hand-lettering and had some weaknesses as a typeface, which were corrected by Rod McDonald for Monotype Imaging and released in 2000. Cartier is now widely used in Canada.In 1959, Dair was awarded the silver medal at the Internationale Buchkunst-Austellung in Leipzig, East Germany. In 1962, The Royal Canadian Academy of Arts awarded him its Arts Medal. In 1967, he became a fellow in the Society of Graphic Designers of Canada (GDC).
Dair died on a flight from New York City to Toronto on September 28, 1967. The Faculty of Fine Arts at York University honors Dair's contribution to design in Canada with the Carl Dair Memorial Scholarship. A collection of Dair's work can be seen on the Centre for Contemporary Canadian Art website.
|
family name
| 54 |
[
"surname",
"last name",
"patronymic",
"family surname",
"clan name"
] | null | null |
[
"E. L. M. Burns",
"place of death",
"Canada"
] |
Burns served as a Chief of Staff of the Truce Supervision Organization in Palestine (1954–56) and was thus nearby when the Suez Crisis of 1956 occurred. He then led UNEF as Force Commander from November 1956 to December 1959. He was Canada's principal disarmament negotiator from 1960 to 1968. he died in Manotick, Ontario at the age of 88.
|
place of death
| 45 |
[
"location of death",
"death place",
"place where they died",
"place of passing",
"final resting place"
] | null | null |
[
"E. L. M. Burns",
"conflict",
"World War II"
] |
World War II
During World War II Burns, promoted on 1 February 1942 to the temporary rank of brigadier, assumed command of the 4th Canadian Armoured Brigade, part of the 4th Canadian (Armoured) Division, which eventually went to England. Precisely fifteen months after his promotion to brigadier, he received another promotion, this time to major general, on 1 May 1943, when he became the bew General Officer Commanding (GOC) of the 2nd Canadian Infantry Division. The division had been severely mauled the year before during the disastrous Dieppe Raid.He was not destined to lead the division into battle, however, as, throughout January 1944, there were several changes in the higher levels in command in preparation for the Allied invasion of Normandy in the spring. Lieutenant-General Ernest William Sansom, commanding II Canadian Corps, and under whose command Burns's 2nd Division was serving, was returned to Canada and replaced by Major-General Guy Simonds, returning to England from the Italian front where he had been GOC of the 5th Canadian (Armoured) Division. Burns himself handed over command of the 2nd Division to Charles Foulkes while Burns proceeded to Italy where he succeeded Simonds in command of the 5th Canadian (Armoured) Division on 23 January 1944. Not long after his arrival his superior, Lieutenant-General Harry Crerar, the commander of I Canadian Corps and who was soon to return to England to take over the First Canadian Army, had a high opinion of Burns and, believing him to be corps commander material, wanted Burns to succeed him as GOC I Canadian Corps.That was all in the future, however. By the time of Burns's assumption of command, the division had been in Italy for just ten weeks. On 17 January the division's 11th Infantry Brigade, commanded by Brigadier George Kitching, had launched a disastrous assault over the Arieli River, which failed with heavy casualties. This aside, the division still possessed more battle experience than its new GOC, who, in this war, had never commanded even a company in battle, let alone an entire division. He therefore found himself in the same position that every Canadian divisional commander, the exceptions being Major-General John Hamilton Roberts, who had commanded the 2nd Division at Dieppe, Simonds, who before being GOC of the 5th Division had commanded the 1st Canadian Infantry Division in Sicily, along with Christopher Vokes, who succeeded Simonds in command of the 1st Division. Even Burns's superior, Crerar, had not had the chance to command the two divisions (the 1st and 5th) serving in his corps. The lack of battle experience mattered to the men who had successfully commanded units in battle before (such as at the recent Battle of Ortona, where Vokes's 1st Division had driven out German paratroopers, albeit at a heavy cost) and they were frustrated at an as-yet untested commander being given command of a newly arrived division. General Sir Bernard Montgomery, the former commander of the British Eighth Army (under whose control I Canadian Corps fell), placed experience in battle very highly, as did his successor in command of the Eighth Army, Lieutenant-General Sir Oliver Leese, a man with whom Burns was to clash with on several occasions over the following months.As a result of this, Burns had a lot to prove, and he had to prove it quickly, in the eyes of both his superiors and subordinates alike. Leese, initially at least, liked what he saw of "Tommy" Burns, writing home to his wife in early March, "I think he will be good. I will be glad to get rid of Harry [Crerar] and get Burns installed & to get down to some degree of permanency." Lieutenant Colonel W. C. Murphy, the 5th Division's GSO1, also hoped for a permanent commander who would stay longer than a few weeks. He wrote to his family in early February, "General Burns has joined us. He is very nice to work with and all goes well from that angle. No doubt I'll find a general that I consider good enough to keep on the job one of these days. I hope we'll settle down with no more changes for a while because things always have to be adjusted a bit with each boss man's viewpoint."Despite Murphy's wishes, change did arrive, as in late March, after receiving a promotion, this time to the acting rank of lieutenant-general on 20 March, Burns became GOC I Canadian Corps, taking over from Crerar, who was returning to England to take over command of the First Canadian Army. Crerar, who continued to think highly of Burns, wrote to Lieutenant-General Kenneth Stuart, the acting commander of the First Army in England as well as chief of staff at Canadian Military Headquarters (CMHQ), that, "Burns is showing up very well, indeed, and gives one a feeling of great confidence. Vokes [GOC 1st Division] has certainly reached his ceiling but, providing he is told very clearly what he is to do, and is guided, in his actions, from above, can be regarded as fit for the responsibilities of his appointment." Vokes was a tough officer who had commanded the 1st Division's 2nd Infantry Brigade throughout the fighting in Sicily and briefly in Italy but Montgomery believed that command of a division was his limit, which he probably told Crerar, who might well have been offended by Vokes's womanizing and almost constant cursing. As a result, Burns, to his surprise, found himself promoted to corps commander instead of Vokes.Burns's performance as a corps-level commander proved to be controversial, despite the successes of the Canadian forces in the Italian campaign, and so he was replaced as commander of I Canadian Corps by Major-General Charles Foulkes.Following this major setback to his career, Burns, reverting back to his permanent rank of major-general, was given another chance, and he was sent to Northwestern Europe in December 1944, becoming the Chief of Canadian Section, 1st Echelon, 21st Army Group, a position he held until September 1945, by which time the war, after six long years, had finally come to an end.
|
conflict
| 28 |
[
"battle",
"warfare",
"struggle",
"fighting",
"combat"
] | null | null |
[
"E. L. M. Burns",
"conflict",
"World War I"
] |
Lieutenant General Eedson Louis Millard "Tommy" Burns, (June 17, 1897 – September 13, 1985) was a senior officer of the Canadian Army and a diplomat. He saw active service in both World War I and World War II. He served as the first commander of the first United Nations peacekeeping force in 1956. His military career in war has, for the most part, been criticised by some historians as showing he was "simply incapable of commanding a higher formation."Early life and military career
E. L. M. Burns was born on June 17, 1897, in Montreal, Quebec. His father was a militia staff officer, a member of the Corps of Guides. He served with the 17th Duke of York's Royal Canadian Hussars (17th D.Y.R.C.H.). He had risen to the rank of signal sergeant by 1913. "Tommy" Burns, student # 1032 graduated from the Royal Military College of Canada in Kingston, Ontario in 1914. He joined the Royal Canadian Engineers, into which he was commissioned as a second lieutenant in June 1915.Burns served in Canada until March 1916 when he went overseas with the 3rd Canadian Division Signal Company which, was composed of engineers.
He fought on the Western Front with the Royal Canadian Engineers from 1916 to 1918. He became a staff officer with the 3rd Division's 9th Brigade in March 1917, dealing with supply and personnel and saw action at the Battle of Vimy Ridge. He became a "staff learner" and acted as liaison officer between forward battalions and brigade headquarters. He returned to Canada in 1919 and was stationed at St. John as an engineer officer. He was wounded twice during the war and also received the Military Cross. The citation for the medal reads:
|
conflict
| 28 |
[
"battle",
"warfare",
"struggle",
"fighting",
"combat"
] | null | null |
[
"E. L. M. Burns",
"award received",
"Pearson Medal of Peace"
] |
Honours
Burns was awarded the Military Cross for maintaining communications under heavy fire, and, for the same action at the Somme, his non-commissioned officers received Military Medals.
In 1967 Burns was made a Companion of the Order of Canada for his services to Canada at home and abroad. He was described as a Former Chief of General Staff and Canadian adviser on disarmament in Geneva. In 1970, he received an honorary doctorate from Sir George Williams University, which later became Concordia University.Burns was the 1981 recipient of the Pearson Medal of Peace for his work in the military of Canada. He is a 2010 induction to the Wall of Honour at the Royal Military College of Canada. There is also a park located in Nepean named after him.
A mannequin at the Royal Military College of Canada wears "Tommy" Burns' khaki army uniform jacket, covered with medals and wrapped with a Sam Browne belt.
The largest building at the Canadian Forces College is named Burns Hall, and his portrait is displayed at the entrance of the college.
|
award received
| 62 |
[
"received an award",
"given an award",
"won an award",
"received a prize",
"awarded with"
] | null | null |
[
"E. L. M. Burns",
"educated at",
"Royal Military College of Canada"
] |
Early life and military career
E. L. M. Burns was born on June 17, 1897, in Montreal, Quebec. His father was a militia staff officer, a member of the Corps of Guides. He served with the 17th Duke of York's Royal Canadian Hussars (17th D.Y.R.C.H.). He had risen to the rank of signal sergeant by 1913. "Tommy" Burns, student # 1032 graduated from the Royal Military College of Canada in Kingston, Ontario in 1914. He joined the Royal Canadian Engineers, into which he was commissioned as a second lieutenant in June 1915.Between the wars
After receiving a commission in the Permanent Force as a captain on 1 April 1920, Burns attended the School of Military Engineering, Chatham, England, for eighteen months. He was an instructor at the Royal Military College of Canada in Kingston, Ontario. He returned to Halifax and served on duty during the miners' strike at Glace Bay. He worked in the Survey Department in Ottawa. In 1924, he was appointed as an instructor at RMC in field engineering. He attended the Staff College, Quetta, in British India and returned to Quebec, Canada in 1930. In 1939, as a lieutenant colonel, he attended the Imperial Defence College in London, England.
|
educated at
| 56 |
[
"studied at",
"graduated from",
"attended",
"enrolled at",
"completed education at"
] | null | null |
[
"E. L. M. Burns",
"award received",
"Companion of the Order of Canada"
] |
Honours
Burns was awarded the Military Cross for maintaining communications under heavy fire, and, for the same action at the Somme, his non-commissioned officers received Military Medals.
In 1967 Burns was made a Companion of the Order of Canada for his services to Canada at home and abroad. He was described as a Former Chief of General Staff and Canadian adviser on disarmament in Geneva. In 1970, he received an honorary doctorate from Sir George Williams University, which later became Concordia University.Burns was the 1981 recipient of the Pearson Medal of Peace for his work in the military of Canada. He is a 2010 induction to the Wall of Honour at the Royal Military College of Canada. There is also a park located in Nepean named after him.
A mannequin at the Royal Military College of Canada wears "Tommy" Burns' khaki army uniform jacket, covered with medals and wrapped with a Sam Browne belt.
The largest building at the Canadian Forces College is named Burns Hall, and his portrait is displayed at the entrance of the college.
|
award received
| 62 |
[
"received an award",
"given an award",
"won an award",
"received a prize",
"awarded with"
] | null | null |
[
"Gilbert Rondeau",
"country of citizenship",
"Canada"
] |
Gilbert F. Rondeau (7 March 1928 – 9 March 1994) was a Social Credit Party and Ralliement créditiste member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Sainte-Élisabeth-de-Warwick, Quebec and became a businessman, industrialist and insurance agent.
|
country of citizenship
| 63 |
[
"citizenship country",
"place of citizenship",
"country of origin",
"citizenship nation",
"country of citizenship status"
] | null | null |
[
"Gilbert Rondeau",
"member of political party",
"Social Credit Party of Canada"
] |
Gilbert F. Rondeau (7 March 1928 – 9 March 1994) was a Social Credit Party and Ralliement créditiste member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Sainte-Élisabeth-de-Warwick, Quebec and became a businessman, industrialist and insurance agent.Political career
Rondeau first campaigned in the 1949 federal election at the Beauharnois riding for the Union of Electors party, but did not win the seat.
His next election campaign was in the 1962 federal election where he won the Shefford riding for the Social Credit Party. After re-election to a second term in the 1963 election, Rondeau was defeated in 1965 by Liberal candidate Louis-Paul Neveu. Rondeau won the Shefford seat back in the following national election in 1968, and was re-elected in 1972 and 1974.
Being one of the few Social Credit politicians who was able to speak English, Rondeau helped represent the predominantly francophone party across Canada. But Rondeau's political career was ended by charges of Unemployment Insurance fraud for which he was convicted and sentenced to a five-month prison term. Because of these legal problems, he was ejected from the Social Credit Party in 1977 and was an independent member for the remainder of the 30th Canadian Parliament. In the 1979 election, Rondeau campaigned at Shefford as an independent but lost to Jean Lapierre of the Liberals.Rondeau died on 9 March 1994 because of complications arising from gallstone removal surgery.
|
member of political party
| 95 |
[
"affiliated with political party",
"party membership",
"political party member",
"partisan affiliation",
"political affiliation"
] | null | null |
[
"Gilbert Rondeau",
"position held",
"member of the House of Commons of Canada"
] |
Gilbert F. Rondeau (7 March 1928 – 9 March 1994) was a Social Credit Party and Ralliement créditiste member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Sainte-Élisabeth-de-Warwick, Quebec and became a businessman, industrialist and insurance agent.Political career
Rondeau first campaigned in the 1949 federal election at the Beauharnois riding for the Union of Electors party, but did not win the seat.
His next election campaign was in the 1962 federal election where he won the Shefford riding for the Social Credit Party. After re-election to a second term in the 1963 election, Rondeau was defeated in 1965 by Liberal candidate Louis-Paul Neveu. Rondeau won the Shefford seat back in the following national election in 1968, and was re-elected in 1972 and 1974.
Being one of the few Social Credit politicians who was able to speak English, Rondeau helped represent the predominantly francophone party across Canada. But Rondeau's political career was ended by charges of Unemployment Insurance fraud for which he was convicted and sentenced to a five-month prison term. Because of these legal problems, he was ejected from the Social Credit Party in 1977 and was an independent member for the remainder of the 30th Canadian Parliament. In the 1979 election, Rondeau campaigned at Shefford as an independent but lost to Jean Lapierre of the Liberals.Rondeau died on 9 March 1994 because of complications arising from gallstone removal surgery.
|
position held
| 59 |
[
"occupation",
"job title",
"post",
"office",
"rank"
] | null | null |
[
"Henri de Miffonis",
"place of death",
"Canada"
] |
Henri de Miffonis (May 24, 1882 - 1955), born as Louis Fernand Henri de Miffonis, was a civil engineer. He was born in Boulogne-Billancourt, France and died in Canada in 1955. Miffonis specialized in the construction of lighthouses. He studied in civil engineering at the University of Paris. In 1905, after obtaining his diploma, he accepted an offer of employment with the Department of Fisheries and Oceans in Canada for work with the Commission des phares (Commission of Lighthouses), newly created. Miffonis' work was supervised by the Chief Engineer of the Commission, William Patrick Anderson, a fervent promoter of reinforced concrete in the construction of lighthouses.
The recruitment of Miffonis, for his competence in the use of concrete, corresponded with an intense period of maritime infrastructure construction in Canada, and in particular, the construction of lighthouses. During the first three years of the Commission, Miffonis developed and patented in 1908 plans for the design of tapered reinforced concrete lighthouses with flying buttresses.
The importance of Miffonis' role in the construction of Canadian lighthouses between 1908 and 1913 was underestimated until the rediscovery of his correspondence with Anderson. In 1913, Miffonis published a work presenting calculations showing the use of reinforced concrete and its advantages in the construction of lighthouses.
At the end of the First World War, there was little construction of new lighthouses and Miffonis ended his career with the Department of Fisheries and Oceans.
|
place of death
| 45 |
[
"location of death",
"death place",
"place where they died",
"place of passing",
"final resting place"
] | null | null |
[
"Henri de Miffonis",
"place of birth",
"France"
] |
Henri de Miffonis (May 24, 1882 - 1955), born as Louis Fernand Henri de Miffonis, was a civil engineer. He was born in Boulogne-Billancourt, France and died in Canada in 1955. Miffonis specialized in the construction of lighthouses. He studied in civil engineering at the University of Paris. In 1905, after obtaining his diploma, he accepted an offer of employment with the Department of Fisheries and Oceans in Canada for work with the Commission des phares (Commission of Lighthouses), newly created. Miffonis' work was supervised by the Chief Engineer of the Commission, William Patrick Anderson, a fervent promoter of reinforced concrete in the construction of lighthouses.
The recruitment of Miffonis, for his competence in the use of concrete, corresponded with an intense period of maritime infrastructure construction in Canada, and in particular, the construction of lighthouses. During the first three years of the Commission, Miffonis developed and patented in 1908 plans for the design of tapered reinforced concrete lighthouses with flying buttresses.
The importance of Miffonis' role in the construction of Canadian lighthouses between 1908 and 1913 was underestimated until the rediscovery of his correspondence with Anderson. In 1913, Miffonis published a work presenting calculations showing the use of reinforced concrete and its advantages in the construction of lighthouses.
At the end of the First World War, there was little construction of new lighthouses and Miffonis ended his career with the Department of Fisheries and Oceans.Biography
Education and arrival in Canada
Henri de Miffonis was born in France in 1882. He received his education at the University of Paris during a time when reinforced concrete was revolutionizing the building industry in France and was considered the leading edge in its use as a new material. Miffonis was profoundly influenced by this assessment and the use of reinforced concrete was a key element of his career.In 1905, Henri de Miffonis joined the Canadian Department of Fisheries and Oceans as an engineer for the Commission des phares (Commission of Lighthouses). This commission was created in February 1904 to respond to pressure from shipowners asking the Canadian authorities to aid in navigation along the Canadian coasts. The Chief Engineer of the Commission, William Patrick Anderson, was persuaded that reinforced concrete was the best choice for construction of future lighthouses in terms of solidity and costs.The construction of the new lighthouses using reinforced concrete begins after the recruitment of Miffonis. The Assistant Chief Engineer, B. H. Fraser, mentioned that Miffonis was an educated man, possessing a grand culture and a great knowledge of mathematics and mechanics and one of the best theorists of the Department. All of these qualities, as well as the needs of the Commission des phares, result in Miffonis being assigned to the head office of the commission in Ottawa rather than one of the regional offices. The hiring of the French engineer reassured the Department of Fisheries and Oceans about the use of reinforced concrete as a material for the construction of the new lighthouses erected at the beginning of the 20th century.
|
place of birth
| 42 |
[
"birthplace",
"place of origin",
"native place",
"homeland",
"birth city"
] | null | null |
[
"Henri de Miffonis",
"country of citizenship",
"France"
] |
Henri de Miffonis (May 24, 1882 - 1955), born as Louis Fernand Henri de Miffonis, was a civil engineer. He was born in Boulogne-Billancourt, France and died in Canada in 1955. Miffonis specialized in the construction of lighthouses. He studied in civil engineering at the University of Paris. In 1905, after obtaining his diploma, he accepted an offer of employment with the Department of Fisheries and Oceans in Canada for work with the Commission des phares (Commission of Lighthouses), newly created. Miffonis' work was supervised by the Chief Engineer of the Commission, William Patrick Anderson, a fervent promoter of reinforced concrete in the construction of lighthouses.
The recruitment of Miffonis, for his competence in the use of concrete, corresponded with an intense period of maritime infrastructure construction in Canada, and in particular, the construction of lighthouses. During the first three years of the Commission, Miffonis developed and patented in 1908 plans for the design of tapered reinforced concrete lighthouses with flying buttresses.
The importance of Miffonis' role in the construction of Canadian lighthouses between 1908 and 1913 was underestimated until the rediscovery of his correspondence with Anderson. In 1913, Miffonis published a work presenting calculations showing the use of reinforced concrete and its advantages in the construction of lighthouses.
At the end of the First World War, there was little construction of new lighthouses and Miffonis ended his career with the Department of Fisheries and Oceans.Biography
Education and arrival in Canada
Henri de Miffonis was born in France in 1882. He received his education at the University of Paris during a time when reinforced concrete was revolutionizing the building industry in France and was considered the leading edge in its use as a new material. Miffonis was profoundly influenced by this assessment and the use of reinforced concrete was a key element of his career.In 1905, Henri de Miffonis joined the Canadian Department of Fisheries and Oceans as an engineer for the Commission des phares (Commission of Lighthouses). This commission was created in February 1904 to respond to pressure from shipowners asking the Canadian authorities to aid in navigation along the Canadian coasts. The Chief Engineer of the Commission, William Patrick Anderson, was persuaded that reinforced concrete was the best choice for construction of future lighthouses in terms of solidity and costs.The construction of the new lighthouses using reinforced concrete begins after the recruitment of Miffonis. The Assistant Chief Engineer, B. H. Fraser, mentioned that Miffonis was an educated man, possessing a grand culture and a great knowledge of mathematics and mechanics and one of the best theorists of the Department. All of these qualities, as well as the needs of the Commission des phares, result in Miffonis being assigned to the head office of the commission in Ottawa rather than one of the regional offices. The hiring of the French engineer reassured the Department of Fisheries and Oceans about the use of reinforced concrete as a material for the construction of the new lighthouses erected at the beginning of the 20th century.
|
country of citizenship
| 63 |
[
"citizenship country",
"place of citizenship",
"country of origin",
"citizenship nation",
"country of citizenship status"
] | null | null |
[
"Henri de Miffonis",
"occupation",
"engineer"
] |
Henri de Miffonis (May 24, 1882 - 1955), born as Louis Fernand Henri de Miffonis, was a civil engineer. He was born in Boulogne-Billancourt, France and died in Canada in 1955. Miffonis specialized in the construction of lighthouses. He studied in civil engineering at the University of Paris. In 1905, after obtaining his diploma, he accepted an offer of employment with the Department of Fisheries and Oceans in Canada for work with the Commission des phares (Commission of Lighthouses), newly created. Miffonis' work was supervised by the Chief Engineer of the Commission, William Patrick Anderson, a fervent promoter of reinforced concrete in the construction of lighthouses.
The recruitment of Miffonis, for his competence in the use of concrete, corresponded with an intense period of maritime infrastructure construction in Canada, and in particular, the construction of lighthouses. During the first three years of the Commission, Miffonis developed and patented in 1908 plans for the design of tapered reinforced concrete lighthouses with flying buttresses.
The importance of Miffonis' role in the construction of Canadian lighthouses between 1908 and 1913 was underestimated until the rediscovery of his correspondence with Anderson. In 1913, Miffonis published a work presenting calculations showing the use of reinforced concrete and its advantages in the construction of lighthouses.
At the end of the First World War, there was little construction of new lighthouses and Miffonis ended his career with the Department of Fisheries and Oceans.
|
occupation
| 48 |
[
"job",
"profession",
"career",
"vocation",
"employment"
] | null | null |
[
"Henri de Miffonis",
"educated at",
"University of Paris"
] |
Henri de Miffonis (May 24, 1882 - 1955), born as Louis Fernand Henri de Miffonis, was a civil engineer. He was born in Boulogne-Billancourt, France and died in Canada in 1955. Miffonis specialized in the construction of lighthouses. He studied in civil engineering at the University of Paris. In 1905, after obtaining his diploma, he accepted an offer of employment with the Department of Fisheries and Oceans in Canada for work with the Commission des phares (Commission of Lighthouses), newly created. Miffonis' work was supervised by the Chief Engineer of the Commission, William Patrick Anderson, a fervent promoter of reinforced concrete in the construction of lighthouses.
The recruitment of Miffonis, for his competence in the use of concrete, corresponded with an intense period of maritime infrastructure construction in Canada, and in particular, the construction of lighthouses. During the first three years of the Commission, Miffonis developed and patented in 1908 plans for the design of tapered reinforced concrete lighthouses with flying buttresses.
The importance of Miffonis' role in the construction of Canadian lighthouses between 1908 and 1913 was underestimated until the rediscovery of his correspondence with Anderson. In 1913, Miffonis published a work presenting calculations showing the use of reinforced concrete and its advantages in the construction of lighthouses.
At the end of the First World War, there was little construction of new lighthouses and Miffonis ended his career with the Department of Fisheries and Oceans.Biography
Education and arrival in Canada
Henri de Miffonis was born in France in 1882. He received his education at the University of Paris during a time when reinforced concrete was revolutionizing the building industry in France and was considered the leading edge in its use as a new material. Miffonis was profoundly influenced by this assessment and the use of reinforced concrete was a key element of his career.In 1905, Henri de Miffonis joined the Canadian Department of Fisheries and Oceans as an engineer for the Commission des phares (Commission of Lighthouses). This commission was created in February 1904 to respond to pressure from shipowners asking the Canadian authorities to aid in navigation along the Canadian coasts. The Chief Engineer of the Commission, William Patrick Anderson, was persuaded that reinforced concrete was the best choice for construction of future lighthouses in terms of solidity and costs.The construction of the new lighthouses using reinforced concrete begins after the recruitment of Miffonis. The Assistant Chief Engineer, B. H. Fraser, mentioned that Miffonis was an educated man, possessing a grand culture and a great knowledge of mathematics and mechanics and one of the best theorists of the Department. All of these qualities, as well as the needs of the Commission des phares, result in Miffonis being assigned to the head office of the commission in Ottawa rather than one of the regional offices. The hiring of the French engineer reassured the Department of Fisheries and Oceans about the use of reinforced concrete as a material for the construction of the new lighthouses erected at the beginning of the 20th century.
|
educated at
| 56 |
[
"studied at",
"graduated from",
"attended",
"enrolled at",
"completed education at"
] | null | null |
[
"Henri de Miffonis",
"occupation",
"civil engineer"
] |
Henri de Miffonis (May 24, 1882 - 1955), born as Louis Fernand Henri de Miffonis, was a civil engineer. He was born in Boulogne-Billancourt, France and died in Canada in 1955. Miffonis specialized in the construction of lighthouses. He studied in civil engineering at the University of Paris. In 1905, after obtaining his diploma, he accepted an offer of employment with the Department of Fisheries and Oceans in Canada for work with the Commission des phares (Commission of Lighthouses), newly created. Miffonis' work was supervised by the Chief Engineer of the Commission, William Patrick Anderson, a fervent promoter of reinforced concrete in the construction of lighthouses.
The recruitment of Miffonis, for his competence in the use of concrete, corresponded with an intense period of maritime infrastructure construction in Canada, and in particular, the construction of lighthouses. During the first three years of the Commission, Miffonis developed and patented in 1908 plans for the design of tapered reinforced concrete lighthouses with flying buttresses.
The importance of Miffonis' role in the construction of Canadian lighthouses between 1908 and 1913 was underestimated until the rediscovery of his correspondence with Anderson. In 1913, Miffonis published a work presenting calculations showing the use of reinforced concrete and its advantages in the construction of lighthouses.
At the end of the First World War, there was little construction of new lighthouses and Miffonis ended his career with the Department of Fisheries and Oceans.
|
occupation
| 48 |
[
"job",
"profession",
"career",
"vocation",
"employment"
] | null | null |
[
"Hermas Deslauriers",
"instance of",
"human"
] |
Hermas Deslauriers (21 October 1879 – 28 May 1941) was a Canadian politician and physician. Delauriers served in the House of Commons of Canada, initially as one of the Laurier Liberals then as a Liberal member.
He was born in Saint-Charles-sur-Richelieu, Quebec and became a physician as a career.
Deslauriers attended seminary in Sainte-Hyacinthe then studied at Université Laval.He was first elected to Parliament at the St. Mary riding in the 1917 general election under the Laurier Liberals party banner. He was re-elected as a Liberal in 1921, and won successive terms in 1925, 1926, 1930, 1935 and 1940. Deslauriers died on 28 May 1941 before completing his term in the 19th Canadian Parliament.
|
instance of
| 5 |
[
"type of",
"example of",
"manifestation of",
"representation of"
] | null | null |
[
"Hermas Deslauriers",
"occupation",
"politician"
] |
Hermas Deslauriers (21 October 1879 – 28 May 1941) was a Canadian politician and physician. Delauriers served in the House of Commons of Canada, initially as one of the Laurier Liberals then as a Liberal member.
He was born in Saint-Charles-sur-Richelieu, Quebec and became a physician as a career.
Deslauriers attended seminary in Sainte-Hyacinthe then studied at Université Laval.He was first elected to Parliament at the St. Mary riding in the 1917 general election under the Laurier Liberals party banner. He was re-elected as a Liberal in 1921, and won successive terms in 1925, 1926, 1930, 1935 and 1940. Deslauriers died on 28 May 1941 before completing his term in the 19th Canadian Parliament.
|
occupation
| 48 |
[
"job",
"profession",
"career",
"vocation",
"employment"
] | null | null |
[
"Hermas Deslauriers",
"place of birth",
"Saint-Charles-sur-Richelieu"
] |
Hermas Deslauriers (21 October 1879 – 28 May 1941) was a Canadian politician and physician. Delauriers served in the House of Commons of Canada, initially as one of the Laurier Liberals then as a Liberal member.
He was born in Saint-Charles-sur-Richelieu, Quebec and became a physician as a career.
Deslauriers attended seminary in Sainte-Hyacinthe then studied at Université Laval.He was first elected to Parliament at the St. Mary riding in the 1917 general election under the Laurier Liberals party banner. He was re-elected as a Liberal in 1921, and won successive terms in 1925, 1926, 1930, 1935 and 1940. Deslauriers died on 28 May 1941 before completing his term in the 19th Canadian Parliament.
|
place of birth
| 42 |
[
"birthplace",
"place of origin",
"native place",
"homeland",
"birth city"
] | null | null |
[
"Hermas Deslauriers",
"educated at",
"Laval University"
] |
Hermas Deslauriers (21 October 1879 – 28 May 1941) was a Canadian politician and physician. Delauriers served in the House of Commons of Canada, initially as one of the Laurier Liberals then as a Liberal member.
He was born in Saint-Charles-sur-Richelieu, Quebec and became a physician as a career.
Deslauriers attended seminary in Sainte-Hyacinthe then studied at Université Laval.He was first elected to Parliament at the St. Mary riding in the 1917 general election under the Laurier Liberals party banner. He was re-elected as a Liberal in 1921, and won successive terms in 1925, 1926, 1930, 1935 and 1940. Deslauriers died on 28 May 1941 before completing his term in the 19th Canadian Parliament.
|
educated at
| 56 |
[
"studied at",
"graduated from",
"attended",
"enrolled at",
"completed education at"
] | null | null |
[
"Hermas Deslauriers",
"position held",
"member of the House of Commons of Canada"
] |
Hermas Deslauriers (21 October 1879 – 28 May 1941) was a Canadian politician and physician. Delauriers served in the House of Commons of Canada, initially as one of the Laurier Liberals then as a Liberal member.
He was born in Saint-Charles-sur-Richelieu, Quebec and became a physician as a career.
Deslauriers attended seminary in Sainte-Hyacinthe then studied at Université Laval.He was first elected to Parliament at the St. Mary riding in the 1917 general election under the Laurier Liberals party banner. He was re-elected as a Liberal in 1921, and won successive terms in 1925, 1926, 1930, 1935 and 1940. Deslauriers died on 28 May 1941 before completing his term in the 19th Canadian Parliament.
|
position held
| 59 |
[
"occupation",
"job title",
"post",
"office",
"rank"
] | null | null |
[
"Hermas Deslauriers",
"family name",
"Deslauriers"
] |
Hermas Deslauriers (21 October 1879 – 28 May 1941) was a Canadian politician and physician. Delauriers served in the House of Commons of Canada, initially as one of the Laurier Liberals then as a Liberal member.
He was born in Saint-Charles-sur-Richelieu, Quebec and became a physician as a career.
Deslauriers attended seminary in Sainte-Hyacinthe then studied at Université Laval.He was first elected to Parliament at the St. Mary riding in the 1917 general election under the Laurier Liberals party banner. He was re-elected as a Liberal in 1921, and won successive terms in 1925, 1926, 1930, 1935 and 1940. Deslauriers died on 28 May 1941 before completing his term in the 19th Canadian Parliament.
|
family name
| 54 |
[
"surname",
"last name",
"patronymic",
"family surname",
"clan name"
] | null | null |
[
"Hermas Deslauriers",
"given name",
"Hermas"
] |
Hermas Deslauriers (21 October 1879 – 28 May 1941) was a Canadian politician and physician. Delauriers served in the House of Commons of Canada, initially as one of the Laurier Liberals then as a Liberal member.
He was born in Saint-Charles-sur-Richelieu, Quebec and became a physician as a career.
Deslauriers attended seminary in Sainte-Hyacinthe then studied at Université Laval.He was first elected to Parliament at the St. Mary riding in the 1917 general election under the Laurier Liberals party banner. He was re-elected as a Liberal in 1921, and won successive terms in 1925, 1926, 1930, 1935 and 1940. Deslauriers died on 28 May 1941 before completing his term in the 19th Canadian Parliament.
|
given name
| 60 |
[
"first name",
"forename",
"given title",
"personal name"
] | null | null |
[
"Marie-Claire Kirkland",
"instance of",
"human"
] |
Marie-Claire Kirkland-Casgrain, (September 8, 1924 – March 24, 2016) was a Quebec lawyer, judge and politician. She was the first woman elected to the Legislative Assembly of Quebec, the first woman appointed a Cabinet minister in Quebec, the first woman appointed acting premier, and the first woman judge to serve in the Quebec Provincial Court.
|
instance of
| 5 |
[
"type of",
"example of",
"manifestation of",
"representation of"
] | null | null |
[
"Marie-Claire Kirkland",
"country of citizenship",
"Canada"
] |
Life
Born in Palmer, Massachusetts, the daughter of Charles-Aimé Kirkland (who was studying at Harvard), a Quebec MLA from 1939 to 1961, and Rose Demers, she received a Bachelor of Arts in 1947 and a Bachelor of Civil Law in 1950 from McGill University. She was admitted to the Quebec Bar in 1952 and was made a Queen's Counsel in 1969. From 1952 to 1961, she practiced law in Montreal.
She was elected in a by-election as a Liberal in her father's riding of Jacques-Cartier after his death in 1961. She was re-elected in 1962. She held two cabinet posts in the government of Jean Lesage: Minister without Portfolio (1962 to 1964) and Minister of Transport and Communications (1964 to 1966). In 1966, she was elected in the riding of Marguerite-Bourgeoys and re-elected in 1970. She also held two cabinet posts in the government of Robert Bourassa: Minister of Tourism, Game and Fishing (1970 to 1972) and Minister of Cultural Affairs (1972 to 1973).
She resigned in 1973 to become a judge. She retired in 1991.
In 1985, she was made a Knight of the National Order of Quebec. In 1992, she was made a Member of the Order of Canada. In 1993, she was the recipient of the Governor General's Award in Commemoration of the Persons Case.She was married to lawyer Philippe Casgrain with whom she had three children before they eventually divorced. She remarried Wyndham Strover. On March 24, 2016, she died at the age of 91.
|
country of citizenship
| 63 |
[
"citizenship country",
"place of citizenship",
"country of origin",
"citizenship nation",
"country of citizenship status"
] | null | null |
[
"Marie-Claire Kirkland",
"occupation",
"judge"
] |
Life
Born in Palmer, Massachusetts, the daughter of Charles-Aimé Kirkland (who was studying at Harvard), a Quebec MLA from 1939 to 1961, and Rose Demers, she received a Bachelor of Arts in 1947 and a Bachelor of Civil Law in 1950 from McGill University. She was admitted to the Quebec Bar in 1952 and was made a Queen's Counsel in 1969. From 1952 to 1961, she practiced law in Montreal.
She was elected in a by-election as a Liberal in her father's riding of Jacques-Cartier after his death in 1961. She was re-elected in 1962. She held two cabinet posts in the government of Jean Lesage: Minister without Portfolio (1962 to 1964) and Minister of Transport and Communications (1964 to 1966). In 1966, she was elected in the riding of Marguerite-Bourgeoys and re-elected in 1970. She also held two cabinet posts in the government of Robert Bourassa: Minister of Tourism, Game and Fishing (1970 to 1972) and Minister of Cultural Affairs (1972 to 1973).
She resigned in 1973 to become a judge. She retired in 1991.
In 1985, she was made a Knight of the National Order of Quebec. In 1992, she was made a Member of the Order of Canada. In 1993, she was the recipient of the Governor General's Award in Commemoration of the Persons Case.She was married to lawyer Philippe Casgrain with whom she had three children before they eventually divorced. She remarried Wyndham Strover. On March 24, 2016, she died at the age of 91.
|
occupation
| 48 |
[
"job",
"profession",
"career",
"vocation",
"employment"
] | null | null |
[
"Marie-Claire Kirkland",
"occupation",
"politician"
] |
Marie-Claire Kirkland-Casgrain, (September 8, 1924 – March 24, 2016) was a Quebec lawyer, judge and politician. She was the first woman elected to the Legislative Assembly of Quebec, the first woman appointed a Cabinet minister in Quebec, the first woman appointed acting premier, and the first woman judge to serve in the Quebec Provincial Court.
|
occupation
| 48 |
[
"job",
"profession",
"career",
"vocation",
"employment"
] | null | null |
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