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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[
"1996 California Proposition 209",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"California"
] | Proposition 209 (also known as the California Civil Rights Initiative or CCRI) is a California ballot proposition which, upon approval in November 1996, amended the state constitution to prohibit state governmental institutions from considering race, sex, or ethnicity, specifically in the areas of public employment, public contracting, and public education. Modeled on the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the California Civil Rights Initiative was authored by two California academics, Glynn Custred and Tom Wood. It was the first electoral test of affirmative action policies in North America. It passed with 55% in favor to 45% opposed. | null | null | null | null | 1 |
[
"California Gambling Control Commission",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"California"
] | California Gambling Control Commission (CGCC) is the official gambling commission of the state of California.The Commission was proposed in the mid 1990s under the bills AB 2803 and AB 362 to "create a state agency to license card clubs and casinos operating within the state", based on Nevada's state gaming commission.As of May 2020, the California Gambling Control Commission has jurisdiction over 86 licensed non-tribal gambling establishments (cardrooms) in California.The Commission's primary responsibilities related to Tribal gaming include: | null | null | null | null | 1 |
[
"California Redemption Value",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"California"
] | California Redemption Value (CRV), also known as California Refund Value, is a regulatory fee paid on recyclable beverage containers in the U.S. state of California. The fee was established by the California Beverage Container Recycling and Litter Reduction Act of 1986 (AB 2020, Margolin) and further extended to additional beverage types in California State Senate Bill No. 1013, signed into law on September 28, 2022 and taking effect on January 1, 2024; since 2010 the program has been administered by the Cal/EPA California Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery (CalRecycle) (it was previously administered by the California Department of Conservation, Division of Recycling).Other states have similar bottle bills/deposit laws, including Connecticut, Hawaii, Iowa, Massachusetts, Maine, Michigan, New York, Oregon, and Vermont. | null | null | null | null | 2 |
[
"California State Athletic Commission",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"California"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"California Department of Education",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"California"
] | The California Department of Education is an agency within the Government of California that oversees public education.
The department oversees funding and testing, and holds local educational agencies accountable for student achievement. Its stated mission is to provide leadership, assistance, oversight, and resources (via teaching and teaching material) so that every Californian has access to a good education.
The State Board of Education is the governing and policy-making body, and the state superintendent of public instruction is the nonpartisan (originally partisan) elected executive officer. The superintendent serves as the state's chief spokesperson for public schools, provides education policy and direction to local school districts, and sits as an ex officio member of governing boards of the state's higher education system that are otherwise independent of the department. | null | null | null | null | 1 |
[
"Language policy in France",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"France"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"Language policy in France",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Language policy in France"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"Imerys",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"France"
] | Imerys S.A. is a French multinational company which specialises in the production and processing of industrial minerals. It is headquartered in Paris and is a constituent of the CAC Mid 60 index.
Imerys has operations in over 40 countries and over 16,000 employees. It extracts and processes rocks and minerals for customers in the manufacturing and construction industries.
Groupe Bruxelles Lambert is the largest shareholder of Imerys. | null | null | null | null | 2 |
[
"Imerys",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Imerys"
] | null | null | null | null | 7 |
|
[
"Imerys",
"follows",
"English China Clays"
] | null | null | null | null | 9 |
|
[
"Contrat nouvelle embauche",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"France"
] | null | null | null | null | 0 |
|
[
"French ban on face covering",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"France"
] | Bill
The bill was passed by the National Assembly by a vote of 335–1. The sole vote against the ban in the National Assembly was cast by Daniel Garrigue, who warned that "to fight an extremist behavior, we risk slipping toward a totalitarian society." It was passed by the Senate by a vote of 246–1, with 100 abstentions. The bill prohibits the wearing of face coverings in public places and also applies to foreign tourists visiting France. The law imposes a fine of up to €150, and/or participation in citizenship education, for those who violate the law. The bill also penalises, with a fine of €30,000 and one year in prison, anyone who forces (by violence, threats or by abuse of power) another to wear face coverings; these penalties may be doubled if the victim is under the age of 18. The Constitutional Council of France declared the ban constitutionally valid on 7 October 2010, clearing the final legal obstacle for the law, but the law was designed to come into force after the elapse of six months from the day of its publication in the Journal Officiel.Article 2 of the law provides that "The prohibition provided for in Article 1 does not apply if the attire is prescribed or authorized by legislative or regulatory provisions [for example a motorcycle helmet], if it is justified for health or professional reasons, or if it is part of sporting activities, parties or artistic or traditional events." Consequently, wearing surgical masks in public, widely practiced during the COVID-19 pandemic, is authorized by this statute. | null | null | null | null | 1 |
[
"French ban on face covering",
"different from",
"French law on secularity and conspicuous religious symbols in schools"
] | Background
Initial instances of the French government's actions towards a full face covering ban can be traced back to the "Scarf Affair" of 1989. Under this law, hijabs were no longer allowed to be worn in French public schools. Permission was granted to school administrators to declare when this law was being violated by students. Lack of adherence to the bill led to the adaption of a nationwide and religiously consistent plan.The Law of Secularity and Conspicuous Religious Symbols in Schools was passed in September 2004. This law stated all religious items could no longer be worn in public schools including but not limited to: kippahs, Catholic crosses, and Muslim religious attire. Despite covering all religions, the law seemed to unevenly target Muslim individuals.The French Parliament began an initial inquiry on the issue shortly after President Nicolas Sarkozy stated in June 2009 that religious face veils were "not welcome" within France. Sarkozy had stated that the law is to protect women from being forced to cover their faces and to uphold France's secular values. A poll carried out by Pew Research Center leading up to the vote indicated that 80% of French voters supported the ban. It was estimated that about 2,000 women wore the head coverings to be banned by this bill.In 2010, the Belgian lower house of parliament approved a bill to ban facial coverings, but this was not voted into law as the Belgian government fell before the Senate could vote on it. As of 2010, when the French law was being debated, partial bans were being discussed in the Netherlands and Spain; bans had been announced locally in Italy but later declared unconstitutional, leading to a national law being proposed; and public debate on the issue was starting in Austria, while Germany, the United Kingdom and Switzerland did not consider legislation, although in the UK, directives had been issued leaving the issue to the discretion of school directors and magistrates.Fadela Amara, who had recently served as a junior minister in the French government and is a Muslim, had previously declared: "The veil is the visible symbol of the subjugation of women, and therefore has no place in the mixed, secular spaces of France's state school system."These actions taken by the government stem from the long history of separation between Church and state experienced in France. Established in 1905, Laïcité, the French term for separation of church and state governs that no religion can influence government affairs and policies. Anastasia Comobiso writes regarding the topic, "The State abolishes the particular rights granted to institutions or religious congregations, and confines religion itself to personal and private subjectivity". Muslim face coverings, according to the French government, hinder universal women's rights and threaten the safety of the public. | null | null | null | null | 3 |
[
"Housing Benefit",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"France"
] | null | null | null | null | 5 |
|
[
"Departments of France",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"France"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"Departments of France",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Departments of France"
] | null | null | null | null | 17 |
|
[
"Regions of France",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"France"
] | France is divided into eighteen administrative regions (French: régions, singular région [ʁeʒjɔ̃]), of which thirteen are located in metropolitan France (in Europe), while the other five are overseas regions (not to be confused with the overseas collectivities, which have a semi-autonomous status).All of the thirteen metropolitan administrative regions (including Corsica as of 2019) are further subdivided into two to thirteen administrative departments, with the prefect of each region's administrative centre's department also acting as the regional prefect. The overseas regions administratively consist of only one department each and hence also have the status of overseas departments.
Most administrative regions also have the status of regional territorial collectivities, which comes with a local government, with departmental and communal collectivities below the region level. The exceptions are Corsica, French Guiana, Mayotte and Martinique, where region and department functions are managed by single local governments having consolidated jurisdiction and which are known as single territorial collectivities. | null | null | null | null | 1 |
[
"Regions of France",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Regions of France"
] | null | null | null | null | 11 |
|
[
"Communes of France",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"France"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"Communes of France",
"different from",
"municipality"
] | Classification
INSEE (Institut National de la Statistique et des Études Économiques) gives numerical indexing codes to various entities in France, notably the communes (which do not coincide with postcodes). The complete code has eight digits and three spaces within, but there is a popular simplified code with five digits and no space within: | null | null | null | null | 3 |
[
"Communes of France",
"different from",
"commune et commune nouvelle"
] | null | null | null | null | 18 |
|
[
"Communes of France",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Communes in France"
] | null | null | null | null | 21 |
|
[
"Laura's Law",
"main subject",
"involuntary treatment"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"Laura's Law",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"California"
] | Laura's Law is a California state law that allows for court-ordered assisted outpatient treatment. To qualify for the program, the person must have a serious mental illness plus a recent history of psychiatric hospitalizations, jailings or acts, threats or attempts of serious violent behavior towards self or others. A complete functional outline of the legal procedures and safeguards within Laura's Law has been prepared by NAMI San Mateo.The law was named after Laura Wilcox, a receptionist who was killed by a man who had refused psychiatric treatment. Modeled on Kendra's Law, a similar statute enacted in New York, the bill was introduced as Assembly Bill 1421 by Assemblywoman Helen Thomson, a Democrat from Davis. The measure passed the California Legislature in 2002 and was signed into law by Governor Gray Davis. The statute can only be used in counties that choose to enact outpatient commitment programs based on the measure. As of 2010, Nevada County has fully implemented the law and Los Angeles County has a pilot project. In 2010 the California
State Association of Counties chose Nevada County to receive its Challenge Award for implementing Laura's Law. Subsequently, in 2011, a National Association of Counties Achievement Award in Health was awarded to Nevada County for the Assisted Outpatient Treatment Program.Implementation at county discretion
The law is only operative in those counties in which the county board of supervisors, by resolution, authorizes its application and makes a finding that no voluntary mental health program serving adults, and no children's mental health program, was reduced in order to implement the law.In 2004, Los Angeles County implemented Laura's Law on a limited basis. Since the passage of the MHSA, Kern County, Los Angeles County, Nevada County, Orange County, Placer County, San Diego County, San Mateo County, Yolo County, Contra Costa County, the City and County of San Francisco, Ventura County, San Luis Obispo County, Alameda County and Mendocino County have approved implementation of Laura's Law. Marin County launched a two-year pilot program for Laura's Law on September 4, 2018. Santa Clara County adopted it May 25, 2021, with 23 out of 58 counties having opted in before the June 30 deadline.In those counties that adopt outpatient commitment, an AB 1421 program will ensure individuals are provided the services and medical treatment (including medication) that will enable the person to have a good chance to recover. Nevada County Director Michael Heggarty bests describes it as part of the recovery movement.Proposition 63 impact
In November 2004, California voters passed Proposition 63. When the California Department of Mental Health (DMH) released its draft plan requirements for county mental health administrators on February 15, 2005, they contained a provision that would allow MHSA funds to be used for "involuntary services" if certain criteria were met. Nevada County's Laura's Law program and Los Angeles County's AOT pilot project are utilizing MHSA funding for services. | null | null | null | null | 2 |
[
"Transitional kindergarten",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"California"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"Transitional kindergarten",
"followed by",
"preschool class"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"Transitional kindergarten",
"follows",
"preschool education"
] | null | null | null | null | 4 |
|
[
"California Department of Technology",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"California"
] | The Department of Technology of the state of California, formerly named the California Technology Agency (CTA) is a Department in the Government Operations Agency with statutory authority over information technology (IT) strategic vision and planning, enterprise architecture, policy, and project approval and oversight. The current director of the department, also known as the chief information officer of the state, is Liana Bailey-Crimmins.They operate Calinfo, a peer-to-peer e-Government website for the state's IT employees. It was created by the State of California's IT Manager's Academy, part of the CTA. | null | null | null | null | 1 |
[
"Medical Board of California",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"California"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"Revenu minimum d'insertion",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"France"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"Cassini map",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"France"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"Prefect (France)",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"France"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"Prefect (France)",
"different from",
"prefect"
] | null | null | null | null | 5 |
|
[
"Prefect (France)",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Prefects of France"
] | null | null | null | null | 11 |
|
[
"Sandre",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"France"
] | Sandre stands for Service d’administration nationale des données et des référentiels sur l’eau, or National Service for Water Data and Common Repositories Management of France. The Sandre service establishes the common water data language of the French national Water Information System (SIE: Système d’information sur l’eau).
Sandre is a division of the National Agency of Water and Aquatic Environments (Onema: Office national de l’eau et des milieux aquatiques). Its technical secretariat is entrusted to the International Office for Water (OIE: Office International de l’Eau). | null | null | null | null | 1 |
[
"Commission nationale de l'informatique et des libertés",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"France"
] | The Commission nationale de l'informatique et des libertés (CNIL, French pronunciation: [knil]; English: National Commission on Informatics and Liberty) is an independent French administrative regulatory body whose mission is to ensure that data privacy law is applied to the collection, storage, and use of personal data. Its existence was established by the French loi n° 78-17 on Information Technology, Data Files and Civil Liberty of 6 January 1978, and it is the national data protection authority for France. From September 2011 to February 2019, the CNIL has been chaired by Isabelle Falque-Pierrotin. It's now chaired by Marie-Laure Denis. | null | null | null | null | 1 |
[
"California Constitution",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"California"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"Wright Act of 1887",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"California"
] | The Wright Act of 1887 is a state law of California passed by the legislature on March 7, 1887, that allowed farming regions to form and bond irrigation districts which allowed small farm owners to band together, pool resources, and get water to where it was needed. In the state of California, this Act enabled the diverting of waters from the Merced, San Joaquin and Kings rivers in California's Central Valley. California made an amendment to the Wright Act in 1897, which stopped new irrigation districts from being formed. The Irrigation District Bond Certification Commission, which was created in 1913, is now responsible for forming new irrigation districts.These irrigation districts are public entities. Irrigation canals in California's Central Valley, along with the expansion and creation of railroads, helped farmers to mass produce and transport agriculture nationwide. | null | null | null | null | 1 |
[
"Act for the Government and Protection of Indians",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"California"
] | The Act for the Government and Protection of Indians (Chapter 133, Cal. Stats., April 22, 1850), nicknamed the Indian Indenture Act was enacted by the first session of the California State Legislature and signed into law by the 1st Governor of California, Peter Hardeman Burnett. The legislation led to the forced labor of many Native Americans in California, in addition to regulating employment terms and redefining criminal activity and punishment. The legislation played a crucial role in sanctioning the California genocide, in which thousands of Native Californians were killed or enslaved by white settlers during the California Gold Rush.Burnett, who signed the bill into law, explained in 1851 "[t]hat a war of extermination will continue to be waged between the races until the Indian race becomes extinct must be expected”. At the time of the legislation's passage, Native Californians were ineligible to become citizens, vote, or testify in court. The act facilitated the removal and displacement of Native Californians Indians from their traditional lands, separating at least a generation of children and adults from their families, languages, and cultures from 1850 to 1865.
Due to the nature of California court records, it is difficult to estimate of the number of Native Americans enslaved as a result of the legislation. During the time period between 1850 and 1870 in which the legislation was in effect, the Native Californian population of Los Angeles decreased from 3,693 to 219 people. Although the California legislature repealed parts of the statute after the 13th Amendment to the United States Constitution abolished involuntary servitude in 1865, it was not repealed in its entirety until 1937. In 2019, Governor Gavin Newsom apologized on behalf of the State of California for the legislation. | null | null | null | null | 1 |
[
"Act for the Government and Protection of Indians",
"main subject",
"indenture"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"Act for the Government and Protection of Indians",
"main subject",
"unfree labour"
] | null | null | null | null | 5 |
|
[
"Act for the Government and Protection of Indians",
"main subject",
"forced apprenticeship"
] | null | null | null | null | 7 |
|
[
"California State Transportation Agency",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"California"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"California State Transportation Agency",
"replaces",
"California Business, Transportation and Housing Agency"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"California State Transportation Agency",
"topic's main category",
"Category:California State Transportation Agency"
] | null | null | null | null | 9 |
|
[
"Collective work (France)",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"France"
] | A collective work under the copyright law of France is a collective work that contains the works of several authors created, assembled, harmonized and published under the direction of a person or organization who owns the commercial and moral rights of the work as a whole.
The work as a whole is distinct from the individual contributions, which are owned by the authors.
It is common for publication of articles on the Internet, in a different context and layout from the printed work, to be considered to be outside the standard agreement between the author and the owner of the collective work. | null | null | null | null | 0 |
[
"French company law",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"France"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"French company law",
"topic's main category",
"Category:French business law"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"Copyright law of France",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"France"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"Copyright law of France",
"topic's main category",
"Category:French copyright law"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"Copyright law of France",
"main subject",
"copyright"
] | null | null | null | null | 5 |
|
[
"Generalized Social Contribution",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"France"
] | Functioning
The CSG payable by all residents in France, except (for earned & retirement income) those who are not members of any French compulsory medical insurance scheme. It is levied at source on most income, excluding benefits and family. Its rate, modified in 2018, amounts to 9.2% for most categories of income, of which 2.4% is treated as taxable income for income tax. There are reduced rates for income from benefits (pensions, unemployment benefits).
The CSG tax base is reduced by 1.75% of the first €164,544 of earned income (that is 4 times the Social Security threshold (fr), a parameter fixed on a yearly basis by the government).History
The CSG was created by the Second Rocard government (fr) to diversify the financing sources of the French social protection system. The tax, created by the 1990 Finance Act, entered effect on 1 February 1991 at a time of relatively high economic growth and buoyant tax revenues.
Starting on 1 February 1991, the CSG rate was set at 1.1% to finance family benefits, replacing employer contributions to the family benefits regime.
On 1 January 1993 the CSG rate was bumped to 2.4% to finance the newly created Retirement Solidarity Fund (fr) (Fonds de solidarité vieillesse or FSV), which started operating in January 1994. The FSV is a non-contributory retirement regime which is tasked with providing universal retirement benefits to low-income retirees.On 1 January 1997 the CSG rate was increased to 3.4% to finance the public health insurance regime and lottery winnings are from then on subjected to the CSG at the same rate. That increase is offset by a reduction of the employee contribution to the health insurance regime.
Until 31 December 1997 the CSG rate was identical for all types of income. From 1 January 1998 until 2018, specific rates exist for some types of income: | null | null | null | null | 1 |
[
"California Reparations Task Force",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"California"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"California Unemployment Insurance Appeals Board",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"California"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"Legal history of France",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"France"
] | The legal history of France is commonly divided into three periods: that of the old French law (Ancien Droit), that of the Revolutionary or intermediary law (Droit révolutionnaire ou intermédiaire), and that of the Napoleonic law or Droit nouveau ('New law'). | null | null | null | null | 1 |
[
"Legal history of France",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Legal history of France"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"Defence and Citizenship Day (France)",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"France"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"12th Parliament of Kenya",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"Kenya"
] | The 12th Parliament of Kenya is the meeting of the legislative branch of the national government of Kenya, which began on 31 August 2017. The National Assembly is made up of 350 members comprising 290 members elected from constituencies, 47 women representatives, 12 nominated members. and the Speaker of the National Assembly of Kenya.The senate is made up of 67 members, comprising 47 members elected from the counties, and 20 nominated members.
The members took office following the 2017 Kenyan general election. | null | null | null | null | 1 |
[
"12th Parliament of Kenya",
"replaces",
"11th Kenyan Parliament"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"Driving licence in France",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"France"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"Driving licence in France",
"used by",
"motor vehicle driver"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"Ministry of the Overseas (France)",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"France"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"Métropole",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"France"
] | null | null | null | null | 0 |
|
[
"Métropole",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Metropolis in France"
] | null | null | null | null | 8 |
|
[
"Castex government",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"France"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"Castex government",
"replaces",
"Second Philippe Government"
] | null | null | null | null | 8 |
|
[
"Edict of Versailles",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"France"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"Borne government",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"France"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"Borne government",
"follows",
"Castex government"
] | null | null | null | null | 4 |
|
[
"Borne government",
"replaces",
"Castex government"
] | History
Formation
On 16 May 2022, more than three weeks after the presidential election and 9 days after the second inauguration of Emmanuel Macron, Jean Castex tendered the resignation of his government to the President of the Republic. The same day, the Élysée Palace informed the press that Élisabeth Borne, incumbent Minister of Labour, Employment and Economic Inclusion, would replace him and form a new government, the fourth since the election of Macron.Thus, Elisabeth Borne became the second female Prime minister of France, after Edith Cresson between 1991 and 1992 | null | null | null | null | 5 |
[
"Borne government",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Borne government"
] | null | null | null | null | 6 |
|
[
"National Rally group (National Assembly)",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"France"
] | null | null | null | null | 0 |
|
[
"Design and Artists Copyright Society",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"United Kingdom"
] | The Design and Artists Copyright Society is a British private limited company. It is a rights management organisation which collects and distributes royalties to visual artists.
It was established in 1983 as the Design and Artists Copyright Society Limited and has distributed £100 million in royalties to visual artists and artists' estates. It retains a percentage of the royalties it collects and distributes. It represents 100,000 visual artists and artists' estates worldwide through an international network of collecting societies. It is a member of the Confédération Internationale des Sociétés d´Auteurs et Compositeurs. | null | null | null | null | 1 |
[
"Design and Artists Copyright Society",
"owner of",
"DACS register"
] | null | null | null | null | 6 |
|
[
"Queen Elizabeth II Centre",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"United Kingdom"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"Queen Elizabeth II Centre",
"has use",
"convention center"
] | Operation
The centre is owned by HM Government and its operation is conducted by an executive agency of the Department for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities. It has 32 versatile "empty box" style rooms which are suitable for a range of events. It specialises in events for between 40 and 1,300 delegates. It also has 2,000 square metres of exhibition space. The centre is a very successful venue hosting over 400 meetings each year and returning an annual dividend to the Exchequer, thus not reliant on the taxpayer for financial support. It has been used as the venue to announce the new Leader of the Conservative Party in 2019 and 2022. | null | null | null | null | 6 |
[
"Climate Change Act 2008",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"United Kingdom"
] | The Climate Change Act 2008 (c 27) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The Act makes it the duty of the Secretary of State to ensure that the net UK carbon account for all six Kyoto greenhouse gases for the year 2050 is at least 100% lower than the 1990 baseline, toward avoiding dangerous climate change. The Act aims to enable the United Kingdom to become a low-carbon economy and gives ministers powers to introduce the measures necessary to achieve a range of greenhouse gas reduction targets. An independent Committee on Climate Change was created under the Act to provide advice to UK Government on these targets and related policies. In the act Secretary of State refers to the Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change. | null | null | null | null | 1 |
[
"Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"United Kingdom"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster",
"officeholder",
"Winston Churchill"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster",
"officeholder",
"Clement Attlee"
] | null | null | null | null | 5 |
|
[
"Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster",
"officeholder",
"Patrick McLoughlin"
] | null | null | null | null | 6 |
|
[
"Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster",
"officeholder",
"Michael Gove"
] | null | null | null | null | 7 |
|
[
"Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster",
"different from",
"Chancellor of the Exchequer"
] | null | null | null | null | 8 |
|
[
"Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Chancellors of the Duchy of Lancaster"
] | Chancellors of the Duchy of Lancaster
See also
Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal
Minister without portfolio
County Palatine of Lancaster | null | null | null | null | 13 |
[
"Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster",
"officeholder",
"David Lidington"
] | null | null | null | null | 14 |
|
[
"Ministry of Magic",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"United Kingdom"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"Ministry of Magic",
"replaces",
"Wizards' Council"
] | null | null | null | null | 8 |
|
[
"Ministry of Magic",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Ministry of Magic"
] | null | null | null | null | 11 |
|
[
"2001 United Kingdom census",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"United Kingdom"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"2001 United Kingdom census",
"follows",
"United Kingdom Census 1991"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"2001 United Kingdom census",
"topic's main category",
"Category:United Kingdom Census 2001"
] | null | null | null | null | 4 |
|
[
"2001 United Kingdom census",
"followed by",
"United Kingdom Census 2011"
] | null | null | null | null | 5 |
|
[
"Coat of arms of the United Kingdom",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"United Kingdom"
] | The royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom is the arms of dominion of the British monarch, currently King Charles III. Variants of the royal arms are used by other members of the British royal family, by the Government of the United Kingdom, and some courts and legislatures in a number of Commonwealth realms.
There are two versions of the arms: one used in Scotland, which includes distinctive Scottish elements, and one used elsewhere. The shield of each consists of four quarters depicting the lions of England, the lion of Scotland, and the harp of Ireland. The royal arms developed from the arms of the kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland; as the Kingdom of England included Wales the latter has never been represented individually. The arms serve as basis for the monarch's official flag, the Royal Standard. | null | null | null | null | 0 |
[
"Coat of arms of the United Kingdom",
"depicts",
"harp"
] | History
England and Scotland
The current royal arms originated in the arms of the Kingdom of England and Kingdom of Scotland, both adopted in the twelfth century. The English arms were quartered with those of France from 1340 (except 1360-69), representing the English claim to the French throne. The arms of Scotland remained unaltered except during the reign of Mary, Queen of Scots, when they were first impaled with those of her husband, Francis II of France, and then quartered to represent Mary's claim to the English throne. Similarly, during the reign of Mary I of England her arms were impaled with those of her husband, Philip II of Spain.
In 1603 James VI of Scotland inherited the English and Irish thrones, and to symbolise this union of the crowns the arms of England (including France) and Ireland were quartered with those of Scotland. In 1689 Mary II and William III became co-monarchs and impaled their arms; both used the royal arms, with William also bearing an inescucheon of Nassau, the royal house to which he belonged.
During the Commonwealth and The Protectorate in the mid-seventeenth century the arms were significantly changed, as the monarchy had been abolished. The Irish harp continued to be used, but England was represented by St George's Cross and Scotland by St Andrew's Cross. These were impaled in various ways, and from 1655 to 1659 also included the arms of the Lord Protector, Oliver Cromwell, on an inescutcheon. | null | null | null | null | 4 |
[
"Coat of arms of the United Kingdom",
"depicts",
"coat of arms of Ireland"
] | Description
Outside Scotland
At the centre of the arms is a quartered shield, depicting the three passant guardant lions of England in the first and fourth quarters, the rampant lion and double tressure flory-counterflory of Scotland in the second quarter, and a harp for Ireland in the third quarter. Surrounding the shield is the Order of the Garter, the United Kingdom's most senior order of knighthood. The supporters are a crowned English lion on the dexter (heraldic right), and a chained Scottish unicorn on the sinister (heraldic left). Above the shield is a gold helmet, which has mantling of gold and ermine attached to it. On top of this is the crest, a crown with a crowned lion standing on it. Below the shield is a grassy mound, a type of compartment, on which are thistles, Tudor roses and shamrocks, representing Scotland, England and Ireland respectively. In front of this is the motto Dieu et mon droit, a French phrase meaning 'God and my right'.During the reign of Elizabeth II the crowns depicted in this version of the royal arms were close representations of St Edward's Crown. Charles III has decided to use the 'Tudor Crown', a design previously introduced at the start of the reign of Edward VII and used until 1952. | null | null | null | null | 5 |
[
"Coat of arms of the United Kingdom",
"depicts",
"Royal coat of arms in Scotland"
] | The royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom is the arms of dominion of the British monarch, currently King Charles III. Variants of the royal arms are used by other members of the British royal family, by the Government of the United Kingdom, and some courts and legislatures in a number of Commonwealth realms.
There are two versions of the arms: one used in Scotland, which includes distinctive Scottish elements, and one used elsewhere. The shield of each consists of four quarters depicting the lions of England, the lion of Scotland, and the harp of Ireland. The royal arms developed from the arms of the kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland; as the Kingdom of England included Wales the latter has never been represented individually. The arms serve as basis for the monarch's official flag, the Royal Standard. | null | null | null | null | 6 |
[
"Coat of arms of the United Kingdom",
"depicts",
"lion"
] | The royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom is the arms of dominion of the British monarch, currently King Charles III. Variants of the royal arms are used by other members of the British royal family, by the Government of the United Kingdom, and some courts and legislatures in a number of Commonwealth realms.
There are two versions of the arms: one used in Scotland, which includes distinctive Scottish elements, and one used elsewhere. The shield of each consists of four quarters depicting the lions of England, the lion of Scotland, and the harp of Ireland. The royal arms developed from the arms of the kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland; as the Kingdom of England included Wales the latter has never been represented individually. The arms serve as basis for the monarch's official flag, the Royal Standard.History
England and Scotland
The current royal arms originated in the arms of the Kingdom of England and Kingdom of Scotland, both adopted in the twelfth century. The English arms were quartered with those of France from 1340 (except 1360-69), representing the English claim to the French throne. The arms of Scotland remained unaltered except during the reign of Mary, Queen of Scots, when they were first impaled with those of her husband, Francis II of France, and then quartered to represent Mary's claim to the English throne. Similarly, during the reign of Mary I of England her arms were impaled with those of her husband, Philip II of Spain.
In 1603 James VI of Scotland inherited the English and Irish thrones, and to symbolise this union of the crowns the arms of England (including France) and Ireland were quartered with those of Scotland. In 1689 Mary II and William III became co-monarchs and impaled their arms; both used the royal arms, with William also bearing an inescucheon of Nassau, the royal house to which he belonged.
During the Commonwealth and The Protectorate in the mid-seventeenth century the arms were significantly changed, as the monarchy had been abolished. The Irish harp continued to be used, but England was represented by St George's Cross and Scotland by St Andrew's Cross. These were impaled in various ways, and from 1655 to 1659 also included the arms of the Lord Protector, Oliver Cromwell, on an inescutcheon. | null | null | null | null | 7 |
[
"Coat of arms of the United Kingdom",
"depicts",
"Tudor rose"
] | null | null | null | null | 8 |
|
[
"Coat of arms of the United Kingdom",
"depicts",
"threefoil"
] | null | null | null | null | 9 |
|
[
"Coat of arms of the United Kingdom",
"depicts",
"tressure flory"
] | null | null | null | null | 11 |
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