triplets
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stringlengths 0
32.9k
| label
stringlengths 4
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int64 0
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⌀ | synonyms
list | __index_level_1__
int64 312
64.1k
⌀ | __index_level_0__
int64 0
2.4k
⌀ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[
"Finsbury Circus",
"connects with",
"Circus Place"
] | null | null | null | null | 7 |
|
[
"Manawydan",
"connects with",
"Manannán mac Lir"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"Manannán mac Lir",
"owner of",
"Enbarr"
] |
Gifts and Loans to Lugh
Manannán had other magical items according to the Oidheadh Chloinne Tuireann, a romance that only survives in early modern Irish recensions.He had a self-navigating boat called "Manannán's currach (coracle)" aka Sguaba Tuinne (Scuab-tuinne) or "Wave-sweeper" was self-navigating, as well as a horse that could travel over land or sea called Aonbharr of Manannan, translated in popular re-telling as "Enbarr of the Flowing Mane". Both the horse and boat were on loan to Lugh Lamhfada, but the Sons of Tuireann managed to borrow the boat.Manannán also supplied Lugh with a full array of armor and weapon as the Tuatha Dé gathered their host to battle the Fomorians. Lugh rode Manannán's steed Aonbharr, and was girt with Manannán's sword Fragarach ("Retaliator" or "The Answerer"). Any wound this sword gave proved fatal, and its opponent was reduced to the weakness of a woman in childbirth.Lug also wore Manannán's helmet Cathbarr, which O'Curry amends to Cennbhearr, which he regards as a common noun and not a proper name. This helm was set with two precious gems on the front and one in the rear. Manannán's lúirech or body armour and Manannán's scabal (neck-piece or breastplate) were also part of Lugh's panoply.
| null | null | null | null | 4 |
[
"Manannán mac Lir",
"connects with",
"Manawydan fab Llŷr"
] |
Manannán or Manann, also known as Manannán mac Lir ("son of the sea"), is a warrior and king of the Otherworld in Irish and Manx mythology who is associated with the sea and often interpreted as a sea god, usually as a member of the Tuatha Dé Danann.
He is seen as the ruler and guardian of the Otherworld, and his dominion is referred by such names as Emain Ablach, Mag Mell (Plain of Delights), or Tír Tairngire (Land of Promise). He is described as over-king of the surviving Tuatha Dé after the advent of humans (Milesians), and uses the mist of invisibility (féth fíada) to cloak the whereabouts of his home as well as the sidh dwellings of the others.
In modern tales, he is said to own a self-navigating boat named Sguaba Tuinne ("Wave-sweeper"), a horse Aonbharr which can course over water as well as land, and a deadly strength-sapping sword named Fragarach, though the list does not end there.
Manannán appears also in Scottish and Manx legend, where he is known as Manannan mac y Leir ("little Mannan, son of the sea"). The Isle of Man (Mannin) is named after him, while others say he is named after the island. He is cognate with the Welsh figure Manawydan fab Llŷr.Familial relations
Manannán's father is the sea-god Ler ("Sea; Ocean"; Lir is the genitive form), whose role he seems to take over. As Oirbsen, his father is named as Elloth, son of Elatha. In the Altram Tige Dá Medar Manannán calls himself the foster-son of the Dagda.According to Táin Bó Cúailnge (the Cattle Raid of Cooley), his wife is the beautiful goddess, Fand ("Pearl of Beauty" or "A Tear" – later remembered as a "Fairy Queen", though earlier mentions point to her also being a sea deity). Other sources say his wife was the goddess Áine, though she is at other times said to be his daughter. Manannán had a daughter, whose name was Niamh of the Golden Hair. It is also probable that another daughter was Clíodhna, but sources treat this differently. Either way, she is a young woman from Manannán's lands, whose epithet is "of the Fair Hair". Manannán also had a yellow-haired daughter given the "baptized" name Curcog (meaning "beehive" or "bushy tuft") who was given up to be fostered by Aengus.Manannán is also given sons named Eachdond Mor and Gaidiar, who raped Becuma Cneisgel.Another daughter of Manannán's was said to be Saint Athrachta; according to oral legend, she tried to build a causeway across Lough Gara by carrying large stones in her petticoat but was prevented by modesty. In another legend of Athractha, she was said to live at the bottom of Lough Gara and only emerged every seven years to visit her sister Cé (Ké). Athractha cured a woman, and once a dragon with the roar of a lion emerged from the sludge and was vanquished by the Holy Virgin. There is also folklore that Cé (or Céibh) the daughter of Manannan lost her beauty and wits due to an incantation, but recovered her beauty after Oísin provided her hospices after others all shunned her.In The Voyage of Bran, Manannán prophesied to Bran that a great warrior would be descended from him. Thus Mongán mac Fiachnai becomes a late addition to the mac Lir family tree. The historical Mongán was a son of Fiachnae mac Báetáin, born towards the end of the 6th century. According to legend Fiachnae, who was at war in Scotland, came home with a victory because of a bargain made with Manannán (either by him, or by his wife) to let Manannán have a child by his wife. This child, Mongán, was supposedly taken to the Otherworld when he was very young, to be raised there by Manannán. The 8th-century saga Compert Mongáin tells recounts the deeds of a legendary son, In the Dinsenchas Manannán is also described as the father of Ibel, after whose death Manannán cast draughts of grief from his heart that became Loch Ruidi, Loch Cuan, and Loch Dacaech.Manannán is often seen in the traditional role of foster father, raising a number of foster children including Lugh of the great hand and the children of Deirdre.
Two brothers of Manannán are named, after whom cleared plains were named - Bron, who it is implied was slain by Fergus and Ceite. Similarly, in Welsh folklore Brân the Blessed is the brother of Manawydan.
| null | null | null | null | 7 |
[
"Mer de Glace",
"different from",
"The Sea of Ice"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"Mer de Glace",
"located on terrain feature",
"Vallée de Chamonix"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"Mer de Glace",
"connects with",
"Glacier de Leschaux"
] | null | null | null | null | 5 |
|
[
"Mer de Glace",
"connects with",
"Tacul Glacier"
] | null | null | null | null | 7 |
|
[
"Kronprinzenpalais",
"owned by",
"Institute for Federal Real Estate"
] | null | null | null | null | 14 |
|
[
"Kronprinzenpalais",
"significant event",
"reconstruction"
] | null | null | null | null | 16 |
|
[
"Kronprinzenpalais",
"connects with",
"Prinzessinnenpalais"
] | null | null | null | null | 18 |
|
[
"Kronprinzenpalais",
"has use",
"guest house"
] | null | null | null | null | 19 |
|
[
"Kronprinzenpalais",
"significant event",
"reconstruction"
] | null | null | null | null | 23 |
|
[
"Kronprinzenpalais",
"significant event",
"Bombing of Berlin in World War II"
] | null | null | null | null | 24 |
|
[
"Kronprinzenpalais",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Kronprinzenpalais (Berlin)"
] | null | null | null | null | 26 |
|
[
"Beutenaken",
"connects with",
"Waterop"
] | null | null | null | null | 8 |
|
[
"Beutenaken",
"located on terrain feature",
"Gulpdal"
] | null | null | null | null | 9 |
|
[
"Brussels Stock Exchange",
"owned by",
"City of Brussels"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"Brussels Stock Exchange",
"connects with",
"Bruxella 1238"
] | null | null | null | null | 15 |
|
[
"Johanneum (Dresden)",
"connects with",
"Stallhof"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"Pan (moon)",
"different from",
"4450 Pan"
] | null | null | null | null | 4 |
|
[
"Pan (moon)",
"connects with",
"Encke Gap"
] | null | null | null | null | 7 |
|
[
"Pontevedra Campus",
"connects with",
"Sculpture Island Park"
] | null | null | null | null | 5 |
|
[
"Keihan Cable Line",
"connects with",
"Keihan Main Line"
] |
The Iwashimizu-Hachimangū Cable (石清水八幡宮参道ケーブル, Iwashimizu hachmangū sandō kēburu), officially the Keihan Cable Line (京阪鋼索線, Keihan Kōsaku-sen), is a Japanese funicular line in Yawata, Kyoto, operated by Keihan Electric Railway. The line opened in 1926 as a route to Iwashimizu Shrine. Riders in January, the season of hatsumōde (New Year's Day visit to shrine), account for 50% of the whole year ridership.
Prior to October 2019, it was known as the Otokoyama Cable (男山ケーブル, Otokoyama Kēburu).
| null | null | null | null | 3 |
[
"Amsterdam–Zutphen railway",
"connects with",
"Den Dolder–Baarn railway"
] | null | null | null | null | 9 |
|
[
"Ypres Cloth Hall",
"connects with",
"Nieuwerck"
] | null | null | null | null | 8 |
|
[
"Pusher (boat)",
"connects with",
"lighter"
] |
A pusher, pusher craft, pusher boat, pusher tug, or towboat, is a boat designed for pushing barges or car floats. In the United States, the industries that use these vessels refer to them as towboats. These vessels are characterized by a square bow, a shallow draft, and typically have knees, which are large plates mounted to the bow for pushing barges of various heights. These boats usually operate on rivers and inland waterways. Multiple barges lashed together, or a boat and any barges lashed to it, are referred to as a "tow" and can have dozens of barges. Many of these vessels, especially the long distances, or long haul boats, include living quarters for the crew.
| null | null | null | null | 0 |
[
"Pusher (boat)",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Towboats"
] |
A pusher, pusher craft, pusher boat, pusher tug, or towboat, is a boat designed for pushing barges or car floats. In the United States, the industries that use these vessels refer to them as towboats. These vessels are characterized by a square bow, a shallow draft, and typically have knees, which are large plates mounted to the bow for pushing barges of various heights. These boats usually operate on rivers and inland waterways. Multiple barges lashed together, or a boat and any barges lashed to it, are referred to as a "tow" and can have dozens of barges. Many of these vessels, especially the long distances, or long haul boats, include living quarters for the crew.
| null | null | null | null | 1 |
[
"Gerkesklooster",
"connects with",
"Stroobos"
] |
Gerkesklooster (West Frisian: Gerkeskleaster) is a village in Achtkarspelen in the province of Friesland, the Netherlands.
It forms, together with Stroobos, the double village Gerkesklooster-Stroobos. The double village had a population of around 1144 in 2017, with 812 in Gerkesklooster and 332 in Stroobos.History
The village was first mentioned in 1240 as "in Wigarathorpe1", and in 1393, it was called Gherkescloester, meaning "monastery of Gerke". In 1240, Gerke Harkema founded monastery Jeruzalem in the village. In 1580, during the Reformation, the monastery was demolished except for the brewery which was turned into a church. The current serves as the Protestant church, and has been extensively modified.After a sluice was built in the canal from Dokkum to Groningen, a second settlement developed called Stroobos. There is an American wind mill from 1923 near the village which serves as a pumping station to remove excess water from the polder. In 1840, Gerkesklooster was home to 342 people. The settlement of Stroobos used to be divided between Friesland and Groningen. In 1993, the entire village was transferred to Friesland.
| null | null | null | null | 2 |
[
"Gerkesklooster",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Gerkesklooster"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"Archdruid",
"connects with",
"National Eisteddfod of Wales"
] |
Archdruid (Welsh: Archdderwydd) is the title used by the presiding official of the Gorsedd.
The Archdruid presides over the most important ceremonies at the National Eisteddfod of Wales including the Crowning of the Bard, the award of the Prose Medal and the Chairing of the Bard. Although Iolo Morganwg was the first to preside over the Gorsedd when the National Eisteddfod came into being, his successor David Griffith, under the bardic name "Clwydfardd", was the first to be known by the official title "Archdruid".The Archdruid's regalia, devised by the early revivers of the eisteddfod during the early 19th century, includes a crown, a sceptre, and a breastplate in the form of a torc. These were redesigned in 1896 by Hubert von Herkomer, to be made of gold and decorated with oak leaves, symbolising the sacred groves associated with druidry. (The Welsh word for "oak" is "derw" from which "druid" is thought to be derived.) A special ring of office was also introduced. The current sceptre has been in use since 1910, and a stola or cape was first worn in 1911 by the Archdruid "Dyfed".Since 1932, only former winners of the Eisteddfod Crown or Chair have been qualified to become Archdruid. By the beginning of the twenty-first century Prose Medal winners were included in this elite band and the first to be elected under this ruling was Robyn Llŷn (Robyn Léwis) (2002–05). Christine James, who became Archdruid in 2013, is both the first woman and the first Welsh learner (i.e. a person not brought up with Welsh as his or her first language) to have held the title.Since the Second World War, only one Archdruid has served more than one three-year term. Albert Evans-Jones ("Cynan"), a World War I veteran and a significant war poet, was elected in 1950 and again in 1963, and was regarded as a reforming influence on the festival; he publicly accepted that the eisteddfod and the gorsedd have no direct descent from Welsh mythology or from the druids. He was knighted in 1969 for his services to Welsh culture, the only Archdruid to have been so honoured.
| null | null | null | null | 4 |
[
"Appalachian Trail",
"connects with",
"Benton MacKaye Trail"
] |
Extensions
The International Appalachian Trail is a 1,900-mile (3,100 km) extension running northeast from Maine into New Brunswick and Quebec's Gaspé Peninsula, where it ends at Forillon National Park. It is a separate trail and not an official extension of the Appalachian Trail. Other branches are designated in parts of Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, and along the western shore of Newfoundland, to the northern end of the Appalachian Mountain range, where it enters the Atlantic Ocean, near L'Anse aux Meadows National Historic Site. The route has since been extended to Greenland, Europe, and Morocco.Although the Appalachian Trail ends in Georgia, the Appalachian Mountains continue south to Flagg Mountain in Alabama. In 2008, the Pinhoti National Recreation Trail in Alabama and Georgia, which terminates at Flagg Mountain, was connected to the southern terminus of the Appalachian Trail via the Benton MacKaye Trail. Promoters of the Southern extension refer to MacKaye's statement at the 1925 conference that the Georgia to New Hampshire trail should, in the future, extend to Katahdin, and "then to Birmingham, Alabama". As of March 2015, The Pinhoti Trail terminates at the base of Flagg Mountain, near Weogufka in Coosa County, 50 miles (80 km) east of Birmingham. In 2010, the Alabama state legislature formed the Alabama Appalachian Mountain Trail Commission to provide state resources for trail improvements, although officially designating Pinhoti as part of the Appalachian Trail would require an act of the United States Congress.The 8.8-mile (14.2 km) Appalachian Approach Trail in Georgia begins at Amicalola Falls State Park's visitor center and ends at Springer Mountain. Because Springer Mountain is in a remote area, the Approach Trail is often the beginning of North bound thru-hike attempts. Much of the Approach Trail was originally built as part of the Appalachian Trail, before the southern terminus was relocated from Mount Oglethorpe to Springer Mountain.See also
Appalachian Development Highway System
Trans Canada TrailAdditional U.S. long-distance trailsEast Coast Greenway
Pacific Northwest TrailConnected U.S. long-distance trailsAllegheny Trail
American Discovery Trail
Benton MacKaye Trail
Border Route Trail
Buckeye Trail
Finger Lakes Trail
Horse Shoe Trail
International Appalachian Trail
Kekekabic Trail
Long Path
Long Trail
North Country Trail
Mason-Dixon Trail
Mesabi Trail
Mountains-to-Sea Trail
Pinhoti National Recreation Trail
Superior Hiking Trail
Tuscarora Trail
Virginia Creeper Trail
Wabash Cannonball TrailConnected National Historic TrailsOvermountain Victory National Historic Trail
Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail
| null | null | null | null | 5 |
[
"Appalachian Trail",
"connects with",
"Eastern Continental Trail"
] | null | null | null | null | 7 |
|
[
"Appalachian Trail",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Appalachian Trail"
] | null | null | null | null | 9 |
|
[
"Lancaster Gate",
"connects with",
"Bayswater Road"
] | null | null | null | null | 4 |
|
[
"Lancaster Gate",
"connects with",
"Leinster Terrace"
] | null | null | null | null | 6 |
|
[
"Lancaster Gate",
"connects with",
"Craven Terrace"
] | null | null | null | null | 7 |
|
[
"Poelaert Elevators",
"connects with",
"Place Poelaert - Poelaertplein"
] |
The Poelaert Elevators (French: Ascenseurs Poelaert, Dutch: Poelaertliften), in popular language Elevators of the Marolles (French: Ascenseurs des Marolles, Dutch: Liften van de Marollen) is a public elevator in the Marolles/Marollen district of Brussels, Belgium. It connects the lower and upper town at the Square Breughel l'Ancien/Breughel de Oudeplein with the Place Poelaert/Poelaertplein, in the vicinity of the Palace of Justice. The elevator consists of two independent elevators, hence the plural elevators (French: ascenseurs, Dutch: liften) sometimes used for its name.Construction
The idea of building a means of transport connecting the Marolles/Marollen neighbourhood and the Place Poelaert/Poelaertplein is much older; in the 19th century, it was proposed to build a funicular for this purpose. In the early 1990s, the architect Patrice Neirinck of AVA Architects promoted the concept of building a vertical elevator. The proposal sought to "open up the Marolles district" and "revitalise the Square Breughel l'Ancien/Breughel de Oudeplein", located at the bottom, making it a crossing point.CFE was appointed as the general contractor, and the supply of the two elevators and the electromechanical systems were provided by Schindler Group. The architectural project was executed by the AVA Architects office, under the coordination of the architect Patrice Neirinck, while the Verdeyen & Moenaert took care of the stability study.The construction cost about 78 million Belgian francs (equivalent to about €2 million), of which 51 million francs (about €1.25 million) for the bulk of the investment, and 27 million francs (about €676,000) for the elevators. Funding was provided by the Brussels-Capital Region and the Belgian Federal Government under a cooperation agreement. The Ministry of Communications and Infrastructure was in charge of the project management, receiving technical assistance from the Directorate of Electromechanical Constructions.After the construction of the tower, the future metal walkway was installed between the upper part and the Place Poelaert. The 36-metre-long (118 ft) walkway was made at Geel, Antwerp, and transported to Brussels by a special convoy, arriving on the esplanade at the Palace of Justice around 10:00 on 13 October 2001. The entire lift was inaugurated in June 2002 and became one of the area's most popular tourist attractions. Its administration and operation was entrusted by the municipality to the Brussels Intercommunal Transport Company (STIB/MIVB).
| null | null | null | null | 7 |
[
"Poelaert Elevators",
"connects with",
"Square Breughel l'Ancien - Breughel de Oudeplein"
] | null | null | null | null | 8 |
|
[
"Rogier metro station",
"connects with",
"City 2"
] | null | null | null | null | 10 |
|
[
"Rogier metro station",
"owned by",
"Brussels Intercommunal Transport Company"
] | null | null | null | null | 14 |
|
[
"Park Street station (MBTA)",
"uses",
"Spanish solution"
] | null | null | null | null | 4 |
|
[
"Park Street station (MBTA)",
"owned by",
"Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority"
] | null | null | null | null | 8 |
|
[
"Park Street station (MBTA)",
"connects with",
"Downtown Crossing station"
] | null | null | null | null | 18 |
|
[
"Park Street station (MBTA)",
"different from",
"Park Street metro station"
] | null | null | null | null | 21 |
|
[
"Park Street station (MBTA)",
"connects with",
"Winter Street Concourse"
] | null | null | null | null | 22 |
|
[
"Vallée Blanche Cable Car",
"different from",
"Téléphérique de l'Aiguille du Midi"
] | null | null | null | null | 4 |
|
[
"Vallée Blanche Cable Car",
"connects with",
"Téléphérique de l'Aiguille du Midi"
] |
Coordinates
Aigulle du Midi: 45°52′41.49″N 6°53′13.73″E
Gros Rognon Angle Station: 45°52′06.4″N 6°54′15.33″E
Hanging Support Structure: 45°50′57.14″N 6°55′39.86″E
Pointe Helbronner: 45°50′46.68″N 6°55′53.61″E
| null | null | null | null | 5 |
[
"Vallée Blanche Cable Car",
"different from",
"Skyway Monte Bianco"
] | null | null | null | null | 6 |
|
[
"Vallée Blanche Cable Car",
"connects with",
"Skyway Monte Bianco"
] | null | null | null | null | 7 |
|
[
"Vallée Blanche Cable Car",
"different from",
"Funivie Monte Bianco"
] | null | null | null | null | 9 |
|
[
"Exhibition Loop",
"connects with",
"Exhibition GO Station"
] |
Exhibition Loop is the terminus for the 509 Harbourfront and 511 Bathurst streetcar routes, the 174 Ontario Place-Exhibition, and the 307 Blue Night Bathurst bus routes. Exhibition Loop serves Exhibition Place, Coca-Cola Coliseum, BMO Field and connects with GO Transit at the Exhibition GO Station.Description
Exhibition Loop is located on the north side of Manitoba Drive, near Exhibition GO Station, under the Gardiner Expressway. Streetcar platforms are located on the south side of the loop, which can support unloading passengers at one platform while loading at another. The platform area can operate as a fare-paid zone. The loop has streetcar storage capacity to handle large crowds after a major event.
| null | null | null | null | 4 |
[
"Sudbury–White River train",
"owned by",
"Canadian Pacific Railway"
] | null | null | null | null | 6 |
|
[
"Sudbury–White River train",
"connects with",
"Algoma Central Railway"
] | null | null | null | null | 9 |
|
[
"Sudbury–White River train",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Sudbury – White River train"
] |
The Sudbury–White River train, formerly the Lake Superior, informally called the Budd Car, is a Canadian passenger train operated by Via Rail serving communities between Sudbury and White River, Ontario three times a week. The timetable numbers for this train are 185 for the westbound (Sudbury - White River) and 186 for the eastbound (White River - Sudbury).
The train provides flag stop service to many remote locations only accessible by rail on the Canadian Pacific Railway mainline in Northern Ontario. Stops on the line include Amyot, Swanson, Franz, Lochalsh, Missanabie, Dalton, Nicholson, Chapleau, Nemegos, Kormak, Sultan, Biscotasing, Metagama and Benny.
The typical equipment used on this route is Budd Rail Diesel Car using a RDC-2 and RDC-4, with an extra car added when required, typically on the Victoria Day weekend.
The line figures in 2015 television series on the UK's Channel Five - Chris Tarrant – Extreme Railways. It has also been featured in episode 8 of the TVO series "TRIPPING", with a full three-hour documentary available online in 4K.While train services were disrupted due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada, they have returned to the normal 3 train a week schedule as of June 2022.As of April 3, 2023 until further notice, this train has no baggage car.
| null | null | null | null | 13 |
[
"Fulton Center",
"connects with",
"Fulton Street"
] |
Fulton Center is a subway and retail complex centered at the intersection of Fulton Street and Broadway in Lower Manhattan, New York City. The complex was built as part of a $1.4 billion project by the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA), a public agency of the state of New York, to rehabilitate the New York City Subway's Fulton Street station. The work involved constructing new underground passageways and access points into the complex, renovating the constituent stations, and erecting a large station building that doubles as a part of the Westfield World Trade Center mall.
The project, first announced in 2002, was intended to improve access to and connections among the New York City Subway services stopping at the Fulton Street station. Funding for the construction project, which began in 2005, dried up for several years, with no final approved plan and no schedule for completion. Plans for the transit center were revived by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009. The project used to be referred to as the Fulton Street Transit Center, but was re-branded the Fulton Center in May 2012 because of a heightened emphasis on retail. The complex officially opened on November 10, 2014, along with the adjacent Dey Street Passageway.
Through the Dey Street Passageway, the complex connects to the World Trade Center, the Westfield World Trade Center mall, PATH station, and observation deck, and provides connections to the Chambers Street–World Trade Center/Park Place/Cortlandt Street (2, 3, A, C, E, N, R, and W) and WTC Cortlandt (1) stations, as well as the PATH's World Trade Center station. Westfield Corporation operates the retail space as an extension of the Westfield World Trade Center, a block to the west.Components
The Fulton Center features a high-visibility Transit Center with entrances on Broadway between Fulton Street and John Street, and it connects the 2, 3, 4, 5, A, C, E, J, N, R, W, and Z services via the underground Dey Street Passageway running east–west under Dey Street. Ove Arup and Partners served as the prime consultant of the entire project. The Fulton Center cost US$1.4 billion, almost twice the original budget of $750 million.The major elements of the Fulton Center project included the renovations of the Fulton Street stations along the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line and the IRT Lexington Avenue Line. During the latter's renovation, new entrances were opened at the corner of Broadway and Maiden Lane for the northbound platform, and at Cortlandt Street and Broadway for the southbound platform. The mezzanine serving the Fulton Street station on the IND Eighth Avenue Line, which previously consisted of several ramps on either side of Nassau Street, was straightened.: 11 During these renovations, the entire complex was made ADA-accessible. Ten escalators and fifteen elevators were installed, as well as two ADA accessible public restrooms on the concourse and the street levels.A new station building, the Fulton Building, was constructed along the east side of Broadway between Fulton and John Streets. The new station required the demolition of the Girard Building and the former Childs Restaurant Building, and incorporates the landmark Corbin Building at the corner of Broadway and John Street. It was nearly canceled at one point, but was saved in 2009 through funds from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009. This portion of the project was part of a master lease to lease over 60,000 square feet of space. The Fulton Center opened on November 10, 2014, seven years behind schedule and $650 million over budget. Owing to the Fulton Center's use of renewable energy sources and energy-conservation features, the complex was awarded a Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Silver certification in March 2016, becoming the first subway station in New York City to receive such a rating.In addition to work on the four linked Fulton Street stations, the Dey Street Passageway, located outside the subway system's paid area, was built under Dey Street. It connected the Fulton Street station complex to the Cortlandt–Church Streets station, serving the N, R, and W trains.: 5 A new entrance building was constructed on the southwest corner of Broadway and Dey Street, providing direct access to the Dey Street passageway. It opened alongside the rest of the Fulton Center in November 2014, and an extension to the World Trade Center Transportation Hub opened in May 2016. There were plans for a free transfer between the Cortlandt–Church Street station and the E train at the World Trade Center station; however, this plan was removed due to cost overruns. As of June 2017, the connection was again slated to be built and the passageway opened with newly rearranged turnstiles. The connection opened on December 29, 2017, after a reconfiguration of the respective stations' fare areas. A separate transfer to the 1 train at WTC Cortlandt, outside the fare controls of either the Cortlandt–Church/World Trade Center or Fulton Street stations, was opened on September 8, 2018.
| null | null | null | null | 5 |
[
"Huygens (spacecraft)",
"significant event",
"rocket launch"
] | null | null | null | null | 8 |
|
[
"Huygens (spacecraft)",
"significant event",
"landing"
] |
Huygens ( HOY-gənz) was an atmospheric entry robotic space probe that landed successfully on Saturn's moon Titan in 2005. Built and operated by the European Space Agency (ESA), launched by NASA, it was part of the Cassini–Huygens mission and became the first spacecraft to land on Titan and the farthest landing from Earth a spacecraft has ever made. The probe was named after the 17th-century Dutch astronomer Christiaan Huygens, who discovered Titan in 1655.
The combined Cassini–Huygens spacecraft was launched from Earth on October 15, 1997. Huygens separated from the Cassini orbiter on December 25, 2004, and landed on Titan on January 14, 2005 near the Adiri region. Huygens's landing is so far the only one accomplished in the outer Solar System, and was also the first on a moon other than Earth's.Huygens touched down on land, although the possibility that it would touch down in an ocean was also taken into account in its design. The probe was designed to gather data for a few hours in the atmosphere, and possibly a short time at the surface. It continued to send data for about 90 minutes after touchdown.The Huygens probe system consists of the 318 kg (701 lb) probe itself, which descended to Titan, and the 30 kg (66 lb) kg probe support equipment (PSE), which remained attached to the orbiting spacecraft. Huygens' heat shield was 2.7 m (8.9 ft) in diameter. After ejecting the shield, the probe was 1.3 m (4.3 ft) in diameter. The PSE included the electronics necessary to track the probe, to recover the data gathered during its descent, and to process and deliver the data to the orbiter, from where it was transmitted or "downlinked" to the Earth.
The probe remained dormant throughout the 6.7-year interplanetary cruise, except for semiannual health checks. These checkouts followed preprogrammed descent scenario sequences as closely as possible, and the results were relayed to Earth for examination by system and payload experts.
Prior to the probe's separation from the orbiter on December 25, 2004, a final health check was performed. The "coast" timer was loaded with the precise time necessary to turn on the probe systems (15 minutes before its encounter with Titan's atmosphere), then the probe detached from the orbiter and coasted in free space to Titan in 22 days with no systems active except for its wake-up timer.
The main mission phase was a parachute descent through Titan's atmosphere. The batteries and all other resources were sized for a Huygens mission duration of 153 minutes, corresponding to a maximum descent time of 2.5 hours plus at least 3 additional minutes (and possibly a half-hour or more) on Titan's surface. The probe's radio link was activated early in the descent phase, and the orbiter "listened" to the probe for the next three hours, including the descent phase, and the first thirty minutes after touchdown. Not long after the end of this three-hour communication window, Cassini's high-gain antenna (HGA) was turned away from Titan and towards Earth.
Very large radio telescopes on Earth were also listening to Huygens's 10-watt transmission using the technique of very long baseline interferometry and aperture synthesis mode. At 11:25 CET on January 14, the Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope (GBT) in West Virginia detected the carrier signal from Huygens. The GBT continued to detect the carrier signal well after Cassini stopped listening to the incoming data stream. In addition to the GBT, eight of the ten telescopes of the continent-wide VLBA in North America, located at Pie Town and Los Alamos, New Mexico; Fort Davis, Texas; North Liberty, Iowa; Kitt Peak, Arizona; Brewster, Washington; Owens Valley, California; and Mauna Kea, Hawaii, also listened for the Huygens signal.The signal strength received on Earth from Huygens was comparable to that from the Galileo probe (the Jupiter atmospheric descent probe) as received by the VLA, and was therefore too weak to detect in real time because of the signal modulation by the (then) unknown telemetry. Instead, wide-band recordings of the probe signal were made throughout the three-hour descent. After the probe telemetry was finished being relayed from Cassini to Earth, the now-known data modulation was stripped off the recorded signal, leaving a pure carrier that could be integrated over several seconds to determine the probe frequency. It was expected that through analysis of the Doppler shifting of Huygens's signal as it descended through the atmosphere of Titan, wind speed and direction could be determined with some degree of accuracy. A position of Huygens's landing site on Titan was found with precision (within one km – one km on Titan measures 1.3 arcminutes of latitude and longitude at the equator) using the Doppler data at a distance from Earth of about 1.2 billion kilometers. The probe landed on the surface of the moon at 10.573°S 192.335°W / -10.573; -192.335 (Huygens probe). A similar technique was used to determine the landing site of the Mars exploration rovers by listening to their telemetry alone.Findings
Huygens landed at around 12:43 UTC on January 14, 2005 with an impact speed similar to dropping a ball on Earth from a height of about 1 m (3 ft). It made a dent 12 cm (4.7 in) deep, before bouncing onto a flat surface, and sliding 30 to 40 cm (12 to 16 in) across the surface. It slowed due to friction with the surface and, upon coming to its final resting place, wobbled back and forth five times. Huygens' sensors continued to detect small vibrations for another two seconds, until motion subsided about ten seconds after touchdown. The probe kicked up a cloud of dust (most likely organic aerosols which drizzle out of the atmosphere) which remained suspended in the atmosphere for about four seconds by the impact.
At the landing site there were indications of pebbles of water ice scattered over an orange surface, the majority of which is covered by a thin haze of methane. Early aerial imaging of Titan from Huygens was consistent with the presence of large bodies of liquid on the surface. The initial photos of Titan before landing showed what appeared to be large drainage channels crossing the lighter colored mainland into a dark sea. Some of the photos suggested islands and mist shrouded coastline. Subsequent analysis of the probe's trajectory indicated that, in fact, Huygens had landed within the dark 'sea' region in the photos. The photos from the surface of a dry lakebed like landscape suggest that while there is evidence of liquid acting on the surface recently, hydrocarbon lakes and/or seas might not currently exist at the Huygens landing site. Further data from the Cassini Mission, however, definitely confirmed the existence of permanent liquid hydrocarbon lakes in the polar regions of Titan (see Lakes of Titan). Long-standing tropical hydrocarbon lakes were also discovered in 2012 (including one not far from the Huygens landing site in the Shangri-La region which is about half the size of Utah's Great Salt Lake, with a depth of at least 1 m (3 ft)). The likely supplier in dry desert areas is probably underground aquifers; in other words, the arid equatorial regions of Titan contain "oases".
| null | null | null | null | 9 |
[
"Huygens (spacecraft)",
"connects with",
"Cassini"
] |
Huygens ( HOY-gənz) was an atmospheric entry robotic space probe that landed successfully on Saturn's moon Titan in 2005. Built and operated by the European Space Agency (ESA), launched by NASA, it was part of the Cassini–Huygens mission and became the first spacecraft to land on Titan and the farthest landing from Earth a spacecraft has ever made. The probe was named after the 17th-century Dutch astronomer Christiaan Huygens, who discovered Titan in 1655.
The combined Cassini–Huygens spacecraft was launched from Earth on October 15, 1997. Huygens separated from the Cassini orbiter on December 25, 2004, and landed on Titan on January 14, 2005 near the Adiri region. Huygens's landing is so far the only one accomplished in the outer Solar System, and was also the first on a moon other than Earth's.Huygens touched down on land, although the possibility that it would touch down in an ocean was also taken into account in its design. The probe was designed to gather data for a few hours in the atmosphere, and possibly a short time at the surface. It continued to send data for about 90 minutes after touchdown.
| null | null | null | null | 11 |
[
"Honno (publisher)",
"connects with",
"Books Council of Wales"
] |
Honno is a Welsh women's press, based in Aberystwyth, which is run as an independent co-operative. The press concentrates solely on publishing writing by the women of Wales, with the twin aims of increasing publication opportunities for Welsh women and expanding the audience for Welsh women's writing. In 2006, Dai Smith, chair of the Arts Council of Wales, praised Honno's "terrific work in bringing women’s literature back into print". Luned Meredith, one of the founders, claimed in the press's 21st anniversary year of 2008 that Honno had made "a significant contribution to the changing social conscience which has given prominence to the woman's voice".The press was started in 1986 by a group of volunteers, and had 400 shareholders within six months of its establishment. Honno has received financial support from the Welsh Books Council and the European Union. The name Honno is the Welsh feminine form of "that".
| null | null | null | null | 0 |
[
"Welsh independence",
"connects with",
"Cymru Fydd"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"Welsh independence",
"connects with",
"Yes Cymru"
] |
Welsh independence (Welsh: Annibyniaeth i Gymru) is the political movement advocating for Wales to become a sovereign state, independent from the United Kingdom.
Wales was conquered during the 13th century by Edward I of England following the killing of Llywelyn the Last (Prince of Wales). Edward introduced the royal ordinance, the Statute of Rhuddlan, in 1284, introducing English common law alongside Welsh law and custom and causing the recently established Welsh principality to be incorporated into the Kingdom of England. Owain Glyndŵr restored Welsh independence c. 1400–10, but Henry IV of England put down the revolt.
Henry VIII of England introduced the Laws in Wales Acts between 1535 and 1542, English law replaced Cyfraith Hywel (Welsh medieval law), and the Welsh principality and Marches were integrated into England. and Wales gained representation in parliament and a new equality under the law. The Wales and Berwick Act defined "England" to include Wales in 1746, but the Welsh Language Act 1967, partly repealed this with the term "England and Wales".The modern Welsh independence movement emerged during the mid-19th century, as did a movement for "home rule". Since 1999, Wales has been granted some legislative power as part of Welsh devolution from the UK parliament, and contemporary Welsh law within the English legal system. At present, the political parties Plaid Cymru, Propel, Gwlad, and the Wales Green Party support Welsh independence, as does the non-partisan YesCymru campaign group. Support for independence has increased from 14% in 2014 to its highest support of 46% in April 2021 when excluding don't knows. A YouGov poll in January 2021 found that 47% of people in Wales opposed holding a referendum on Welsh independence within the next five years with 31% supporting, and in March 2023, support for independence dropped to its lowest level since 2019 at 18%, the drop was potentially attributed to the prospect of a Labour UK Government.
| null | null | null | null | 3 |
[
"Welsh independence",
"connects with",
"Parliament for Wales Campaign"
] | null | null | null | null | 4 |
|
[
"Ōgaki-juku",
"connects with",
"Minoji"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"Long Day's Journey into Night",
"different from",
"Long Day's Journey into Night"
] | null | null | null | null | 14 |
|
[
"Long Day's Journey into Night",
"connects with",
"A Moon for the Misbegotten"
] | null | null | null | null | 15 |
|
[
"Lake Abbe",
"connects with",
"Lake Gummare"
] | null | null | null | null | 4 |
|
[
"Apron stage",
"connects with",
"proscenium"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"Cervix",
"connects with",
"internal orifice of uterus"
] |
Function
Fertility
The cervical canal is a pathway through which sperm enter the uterus after being induced by estradiol after sexual intercourse, and some forms of artificial insemination. Some sperm remains in cervical crypts, infoldings of the endocervix, which act as a reservoir, releasing sperm over several hours and maximising the chances of fertilisation. A theory states the cervical and uterine contractions during orgasm draw semen into the uterus. Although the "upsuck theory" has been generally accepted for some years, it has been disputed due to lack of evidence, small sample size, and methodological errors.Some methods of fertility awareness, such as the Creighton model and the Billings method involve estimating a woman's periods of fertility and infertility by observing physiological changes in her body. Among these changes are several involving the quality of her cervical mucus: the sensation it causes at the vulva, its elasticity (Spinnbarkeit), its transparency, and the presence of ferning.
| null | null | null | null | 3 |
[
"Cervix",
"connects with",
"external orifice of uterus"
] |
Function
Fertility
The cervical canal is a pathway through which sperm enter the uterus after being induced by estradiol after sexual intercourse, and some forms of artificial insemination. Some sperm remains in cervical crypts, infoldings of the endocervix, which act as a reservoir, releasing sperm over several hours and maximising the chances of fertilisation. A theory states the cervical and uterine contractions during orgasm draw semen into the uterus. Although the "upsuck theory" has been generally accepted for some years, it has been disputed due to lack of evidence, small sample size, and methodological errors.Some methods of fertility awareness, such as the Creighton model and the Billings method involve estimating a woman's periods of fertility and infertility by observing physiological changes in her body. Among these changes are several involving the quality of her cervical mucus: the sensation it causes at the vulva, its elasticity (Spinnbarkeit), its transparency, and the presence of ferning.
| null | null | null | null | 4 |
[
"Svislach (Berezina)",
"connects with",
"Janka Kupala Street, Minsk"
] | null | null | null | null | 12 |
|
[
"SUNET",
"connects with",
"NORDUnet"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"Carbonera Lighthouse",
"connects with",
"La Alcaidesa beach"
] |
Carbonera Lighthouse (Spanish: Faro de carbonera) is an active lighthouse located on Punta Mala, La Alcaidesa, Spain, it overlooks the Strait of Gibraltar.
| null | null | null | null | 8 |
[
"Gibraltar–Spain border",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"Spain"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"Gibraltar–Spain border",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"Gibraltar"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"Gibraltar–Spain border",
"connects with",
"Western Beach"
] | null | null | null | null | 6 |
|
[
"Gibraltar–Spain border",
"connects with",
"Eastern Beach"
] | null | null | null | null | 12 |
|
[
"Gibraltar–Spain border",
"connects with",
"Playa de Santa Bárbara"
] | null | null | null | null | 13 |
|
[
"Gibraltar–Spain border",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Gibraltar–Spain border"
] | null | null | null | null | 14 |
|
[
"Peniarth 20",
"depicts",
"history"
] |
Peniarth 20 is an early Welsh manuscript, written on parchment, that is part of the Peniarth collection in the National Library of Wales. It is also known as the Chronicle of the Princes because it contains an important version of the chronicle Brut y Tywysogion. Daniel Huws, the leading authority on Welsh manuscripts, has argued that the majority of Peniarth 20 dates from circa 1330. A date around the 15th century had previously been offered by J. Gwenogvryn Evans.
The Peniarth 20 manuscript contains four texts: the earliest known copy of Brut y Tywysogion, early religious prose in Y Bibl Ynghymraec, the poem Kyvoesi Myrddin a Gwenddydd (The prophecy of Myrddin and Gwenddydd) is a dialogue between Merlin and his sister Gwenddydd, and a text of bardic grammar which summarises the instructions given to pupils during their training to become professional poets. The version of Brut y Tywysogion from Peniarth 20 is also found in The Black Book of Basingwerk.
| null | null | null | null | 0 |
[
"Peniarth 20",
"main subject",
"history"
] |
Peniarth 20 is an early Welsh manuscript, written on parchment, that is part of the Peniarth collection in the National Library of Wales. It is also known as the Chronicle of the Princes because it contains an important version of the chronicle Brut y Tywysogion. Daniel Huws, the leading authority on Welsh manuscripts, has argued that the majority of Peniarth 20 dates from circa 1330. A date around the 15th century had previously been offered by J. Gwenogvryn Evans.
The Peniarth 20 manuscript contains four texts: the earliest known copy of Brut y Tywysogion, early religious prose in Y Bibl Ynghymraec, the poem Kyvoesi Myrddin a Gwenddydd (The prophecy of Myrddin and Gwenddydd) is a dialogue between Merlin and his sister Gwenddydd, and a text of bardic grammar which summarises the instructions given to pupils during their training to become professional poets. The version of Brut y Tywysogion from Peniarth 20 is also found in The Black Book of Basingwerk.
| null | null | null | null | 1 |
[
"Peniarth 20",
"connects with",
"Black Book of Basingwerk"
] |
Peniarth 20 is an early Welsh manuscript, written on parchment, that is part of the Peniarth collection in the National Library of Wales. It is also known as the Chronicle of the Princes because it contains an important version of the chronicle Brut y Tywysogion. Daniel Huws, the leading authority on Welsh manuscripts, has argued that the majority of Peniarth 20 dates from circa 1330. A date around the 15th century had previously been offered by J. Gwenogvryn Evans.
The Peniarth 20 manuscript contains four texts: the earliest known copy of Brut y Tywysogion, early religious prose in Y Bibl Ynghymraec, the poem Kyvoesi Myrddin a Gwenddydd (The prophecy of Myrddin and Gwenddydd) is a dialogue between Merlin and his sister Gwenddydd, and a text of bardic grammar which summarises the instructions given to pupils during their training to become professional poets. The version of Brut y Tywysogion from Peniarth 20 is also found in The Black Book of Basingwerk.
| null | null | null | null | 7 |
[
"Ekofisk oil field",
"connects with",
"Norpipe"
] |
Ekofisk is an oil field in block 2/4 of the Norwegian sector of the North Sea about 320 km (200 mi) southwest of Stavanger. Discovered in 1969 by Phillips Petroleum Company, it remains one of the most important oil fields in the North Sea. This was the first discovery of oil after the drilling of over 200 exploration wells in the North Sea "triggered" by the Groningen gas field discovery. In 1971, Phillips started producing directly to tankers from four subsea wells. Oil production is planned to continue until at least 2050.The Greater Ekofisk Area consists of Cod, Ekofisk, West Ekofisk, Tor, Albuskjell, Eldfisk, Edda and Embla oil fields. The Ekofisk Center is a vast complex of platforms and structures creating a transportation hub also for surrounding fields such as Valhall, Hod, Gyda, Ula, Statfjord, Heimdal, Tommeliten and Gullfaks. The whole complex consists of 29 platforms. Produced oil is transported by the Norpipe oil pipeline to the Teesside Refinery in England. Natural gas is transported by the Norpipe gas pipeline to Emden in Germany.
| null | null | null | null | 4 |
[
"Sleipner gas field",
"connects with",
"Kårstø"
] | null | null | null | null | 5 |
|
[
"North Wales Medical School",
"connects with",
"Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board"
] |
Confirmation
From September 2024, Bangor University will be offering their own independent Medicine programme with the support of the Welsh Government, subject to GMC approval. Bangor University will be offering a 5-year school entry course and a 4-year graduate entry course. Cardiff University is acting as the contingency guarantor as required by the GMC. Students will be able to study most of the elements of the course in Welsh as well as in English.The new North Wales Medical School will largely follow the current Cardiff University C21 North Wales programme, adapted to meet the learning opportunitiies and needs of the mixed rural and urban areas in the region, embracing the Welsh language and local culture.The Welsh government will fund up to 140 students per annum and a there will be a gradual increase in the number of students trained until reaching a total capacity of 670 students by 2033. This will allow time to assess and evaluate the quality of teaching and student experience. The north Wales medical school will be established in a partnership between the Welsh Government, Bangor University, Cardiff University, Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board GPs and primary care health providers.Purpose
A primary goal of the establishment of the medical school is to address the recruitment of medical staff in northern Wales. The numbers of general practitioners (GP) has increased slightly over Wales but attracting doctors to work in northern Wales has traditionally been a challenge. Currently there are more than 28 vacant full-time GP posts which are being filled by locum staff.
| null | null | null | null | 3 |
[
"Ruins of Fort St. Barbara",
"connects with",
"Playa de Santa Bárbara"
] | null | null | null | null | 6 |
|
[
"Ruins of Fort St. Barbara",
"said to be the same as",
"Lines of Contravallation of Gibraltar"
] | null | null | null | null | 7 |
|
[
"Ottawa station",
"different from",
"Ottawa Station"
] | null | null | null | null | 15 |
|
[
"Ottawa station",
"connects with",
"Tremblay station"
] |
Ottawa station (French: Gare d'Ottawa, IATA: XDS), or Ottawa Train Station, is the main inter-city train station in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, the capital of Canada. It is operated by Via Rail. It is located 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) east of downtown Ottawa and adjacent to Tremblay O-Train station in the neighbourhood of Eastway Gardens. The station serves inter-city trains connecting to Toronto, Kingston, Montreal and Quebec City on Via Rail's Corridor Route.Public transit
Ottawa station connects to local OC Transpo public transportation through the adjacent Tremblay station, located northwest of the main entrance. Tremblay is a stop on the Confederation Line of Ottawa's O-Train light rail system and also serves neighbourhood bus services.
| null | null | null | null | 17 |
[
"Ottawa station",
"cause",
"Greber Plan"
] |
History
For more information on the early history of rail in Ottawa, see Ottawa Union Station.The first passenger rail services in Ottawa began in 1854, with the opening of the Bytown and Prescott Railway. A number of railways would follow, and their various services would eventually be consolidated at Ottawa Union Station (active 1912–1966) at Confederation Square, a short distance from the Parliament buildings and south of the Château Laurier Hotel. However, in 1966 railway services were moved to their current location east of downtown and the Rideau River in the neighbourhood of Eastway Gardens.
The present Ottawa station is the outcome of an urban renewal plan by the French urban planner Jacques Greber, which was commissioned by Prime Minister of Canada William Lyon Mackenzie King, who sought a re-imagining of the city following World War II.
| null | null | null | null | 31 |
[
"Ottawa station",
"owned by",
"VIA Rail Canada"
] |
Ottawa station (French: Gare d'Ottawa, IATA: XDS), or Ottawa Train Station, is the main inter-city train station in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, the capital of Canada. It is operated by Via Rail. It is located 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) east of downtown Ottawa and adjacent to Tremblay O-Train station in the neighbourhood of Eastway Gardens. The station serves inter-city trains connecting to Toronto, Kingston, Montreal and Quebec City on Via Rail's Corridor Route.Railway services
As of June 2022, Ottawa station is served by 2 domestic routes (with connections). All are provided by Via Rail, the primary passenger rail operator in Canada. No overnight long distance trains depart from this station.
| null | null | null | null | 39 |
[
"Ottawa station",
"different from",
"Ottawa Central Station"
] |
Criticism
It would be true to say the closer you get to Ottawa, the farther you are from people who live along the tracks. It is possible to live in the nation's capital and not know where the Ottawa train station is located. It used to be within sight of Parliament Hill, but the old station is now part of the government gas works, used for First Ministers meetings and other talkathons.
While the relocation of Ottawa station seemed to be a good idea in 1948, the move to the outskirts of Ottawa put rail travel at a comparative disadvantage to other forms of transportation in the city. Although passenger rail travel collapsed across North America following World War II, the downtown station may have maintained a higher market share over time and been useful for commuter rail due to its close proximity on foot to many destinations.Prior to the creation of Via Rail in 1977, closing downtown stations and rebuilding them in suburban areas was an ongoing trend in a number of other cities across Canada, including Quebec City, Saskatoon and Victoria. At the time, it seemed to many local governments that the benefits of removing tracks and railyards from downtown areas outweighed the benefits of providing rail access directly to downtown - as passenger rail appeared to be declining and increasingly irrelevant.These decisions helped accelerate the decline in passenger rail popularity further, as direct to downtown service was one of the few remaining advantages trains had over airplanes. This could be seen at Ottawa station. While Via Rail provided a shuttle bus to the city centre, the increased distance added up to 25 minutes in travel time to the fastest train to Montreal and reduced its competitiveness with other forms of travel.In 1985, Via Rail President Pierre Franche estimated that Via lost around 15 to 20 percent of their Ottawa business because of the closing of Union Station.
In addition to its more distant location, public transit service to Ottawa station was absent or minimal for its first 15 years of existence, discouraging access by non-car owning passengers. This was partly remedied in 1983, when OC Transpo constructed a Transitway bus rapid transit station (Train station) across from Ottawa station, which would be replaced by Tremblay O-Train station to the west of the Ottawa station building in 2019.Continued service reductions in the late 1980s and early 1990s further compounded the declining popularity of train travel in Ottawa. Services to Toronto and Montreal were reduced, and Ottawa lost transcontinental service to Vancouver on the Super Continental when the train was cancelled in 1990.
| null | null | null | null | 49 |
[
"Ottawa station",
"different from",
"uOttawa station"
] | null | null | null | null | 51 |
|
[
"Ottawa station",
"connects with",
"Capital Pathway"
] |
Bicycle access
Ottawa station is connected to the Capital Pathway bike path system. This makes it somewhat possible to travel most of the way downtown using multi-use paths, dedicated bike lanes or less busy roads.
A path just to the north of Tremblay station connects to the Rideau River Pathway, which provides a slightly longer but easier northbound/westbound route to the city core via Lower Town. Crossing the Rideau River Pedestrian/Cycling Bridge offers a shorter but slightly more complicated westbound route via Sandy Hill, uOttawa and the Rideau Canal Eastern or Western Pathway. Either route requires a 20–30 minute ride.
The Max Keeping Pedestrian Bridge north of the station allows cycling and connects the station to the Overbrook and Vanier neighbourhoods on the other side of Highway 417. It also provides access to Coventry Road and the St. Laurent Centre to the east.
Cycle paths and lanes in Ottawa are mostly used during the more temperate months of the year, but a few are plowed in the winter as part of a winter cycling network.OC Transpo allows bikes to be brought on board the Confederation Line at Tremblay Station and Via Rail allows them as checked luggage on some trains for an additional fee when checked up to an hour prior to departure.
| null | null | null | null | 52 |
[
"Ottawa station",
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[
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[
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[
"Fallowfield station (Ontario)",
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[
"Fallowfield station (Ontario)",
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[
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