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stringlengths 17
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stringlengths 1
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listlengths 2
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|
26,537,085 | Does constitutive secretion of Interleukin-4 dictate CD133+ side population cells to resist drug treatment and cell death? | {
"contexts": [
"In the present study, we made an attempt to elucidate the role of oversecretion of interleukin-4 (IL-4) in cancer stem cells (CSCs) of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).",
"HNSCC samples were analyzed for the presence of CSCs by flow cytometry. In addition, we have performed drug and apoptosis resistance assays to determine the role of IL-4 in CSCs.",
"HNSCC samples contained 3.3% of CD133+ cancer stem like side population (SP) cells in HNSCC which displayed infinite cell proliferation and they had high self-renewal capacity. These CD133+ cells displayed enhanced expression of IL-4, which promoted multidrug and apoptosis resistance. After neutralizing IL-4, the CD133+ SP cells became more sensitive to drug treatment and apoptosis."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"AC133 Antigen",
"Antigens, CD",
"Carcinoma, Squamous Cell",
"Cell Line, Tumor",
"Drug Resistance, Neoplasm",
"Glycoproteins",
"Head and Neck Neoplasms",
"Humans",
"Interleukin-4",
"Neoplastic Stem Cells",
"Peptides",
"Side-Population Cells",
"Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck"
]
} | Our data suggest that the autocrine secretion of IL-4 is a potential target for the development of novel anticancer drugs to prevent the CSCs-mediated therapy failure and tumorigenesis. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does constitutive secretion of Interleukin-4 dictate CD133+ side population cells to resist drug treatment and cell death?\nContext: {'contexts': ['In the present study, we made an attempt to elucidate the role of oversecretion of interleukin-4 (IL-4) in cancer stem cells (CSCs) of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).', 'HNSCC samples were analyzed for the presence of CSCs by flow cytometry. In addition, we have performed drug and apoptosis resistance assays to determine the role of IL-4 in CSCs.', 'HNSCC samples contained 3.3% of CD133+ cancer stem like side population (SP) cells in HNSCC which displayed infinite cell proliferation and they had high self-renewal capacity. These CD133+ cells displayed enhanced expression of IL-4, which promoted multidrug and apoptosis resistance. After neutralizing IL-4, the CD133+ SP cells became more sensitive to drug treatment and apoptosis.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['AC133 Antigen', 'Antigens, CD', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Drug Resistance, Neoplasm', 'Glycoproteins', 'Head and Neck Neoplasms', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-4', 'Neoplastic Stem Cells', 'Peptides', 'Side-Population Cells', 'Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,537,087 | Does prescription consisting of Vitamin C and Baicalin inhibit tumor growth by enhancing the antioxidant capacity in vivo? | {
"contexts": [
"To explore the antitumor effect of prescription consisting of Vitamin C (Vc) and Baicalin (PVB).",
"To explore the antitumor effect of PVB, using U14 cervical tumor-bearing mice model was used and the drugs were administrated through the gavages. Spectrophotometry was used to determine the content of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and cytokines IL-2, Il-4 and IFN-γ.",
"PVB had a better antitumor effect than baicalin and Vc used alone with an inhibition rate of 58.18% (p<0.05); PVB significantly improved the spleen index (p<0.01), and significantly reduced MDA content (p<0.01) but increased SOD activity in liver tissue and serum (p<0.01)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Antineoplastic Agents",
"Antioxidants",
"Ascorbic Acid",
"Cell Line, Tumor",
"Cell Proliferation",
"Cytokines",
"Flavonoids",
"Mice",
"Neoplasms, Experimental",
"Superoxide Dismutase"
]
} | PVB shows better antitumor effect than Vc and baicalin used alone, and it can significantly enhance the immunity and antioxidant capacity of the mice. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does prescription consisting of Vitamin C and Baicalin inhibit tumor growth by enhancing the antioxidant capacity in vivo?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To explore the antitumor effect of prescription consisting of Vitamin C (Vc) and Baicalin (PVB).', 'To explore the antitumor effect of PVB, using U14 cervical tumor-bearing mice model was used and the drugs were administrated through the gavages. Spectrophotometry was used to determine the content of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and cytokines IL-2, Il-4 and IFN-γ.', 'PVB had a better antitumor effect than baicalin and Vc used alone with an inhibition rate of 58.18% (p<0.05); PVB significantly improved the spleen index (p<0.01), and significantly reduced MDA content (p<0.01) but increased SOD activity in liver tissue and serum (p<0.01).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Antioxidants', 'Ascorbic Acid', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Cytokines', 'Flavonoids', 'Mice', 'Neoplasms, Experimental', 'Superoxide Dismutase']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,541,743 | Is total laparoscopic resection for advanced gastric cancer safe and feasible in the Western population? | {
"contexts": [
"There is debate surrounding the use of laparoscopic resection for advanced gastric cancer in the Western population. Here we aim to assess the feasibility and short-term outcomes of laparoscopic gastrectomy in consecutive patients in a Western population.",
"From 2012 to 2014, retrospective review of 28 patients with clinically staged advanced gastric cancer (≥T3 or ≥N1) treated with laparoscopic resection.",
"Sixty-one percentage of patients were male. Median age was 67 years (range 35-86). Median BMI was 26.5 (range 19.4-46.1). Resection types were proximal (n = 2), distal (n = 14), and total (n = 12). Twenty-six (93 %) patients underwent D2 lymphadenectomy. Four patients underwent conversion to open. Median blood loss was 125 mL (range 30-300). Median LOS was 7 days (range 4-16). Of postoperative complications, five were minor: arrhythmia (n = 1), surgical site infection (n = 3), in-hospital fall (n = 1); and four were major (intra-abdominal abscess, stricture, PE, and anastomotic bleed). T stages were Tx (n = 1), T2 (n = 3), T3 (n = 18), and T4 (n = 6). N stages were N0 (n = 4), N1 (n = 8), N2 (n = 1), and N3 (n = 15). Median tumor size was 5.8 cm (range 0-9.5). Median lymph node yield was 22 (range 6-53). All margins were negative. Median follow-up was 12.8 months (range 2-27). Six patients have died of progressive disease."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Blood Loss, Surgical",
"Feasibility Studies",
"Female",
"Gastrectomy",
"Humans",
"Laparoscopy",
"Length of Stay",
"Lymph Node Excision",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Postoperative Complications",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Stomach Neoplasms"
]
} | Following total laparoscopic resection for advanced gastric cancer, oncologic endpoints, postoperative course, and early cancer-specific follow-up are excellent. The results demonstrated here support the routine use of these techniques in the Western patient population. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is total laparoscopic resection for advanced gastric cancer safe and feasible in the Western population?\nContext: {'contexts': ['There is debate surrounding the use of laparoscopic resection for advanced gastric cancer in the Western population. Here we aim to assess the feasibility and short-term outcomes of laparoscopic gastrectomy in consecutive patients in a Western population.', 'From 2012 to 2014, retrospective review of 28 patients with clinically staged advanced gastric cancer (≥T3 or ≥N1) treated with laparoscopic resection.', 'Sixty-one percentage of patients were male. Median age was 67 years (range 35-86). Median BMI was 26.5 (range 19.4-46.1). Resection types were proximal (n\\xa0=\\xa02), distal (n\\xa0=\\xa014), and total (n\\xa0=\\xa012). Twenty-six (93\\xa0%) patients underwent D2 lymphadenectomy. Four patients underwent conversion to open. Median blood loss was 125\\xa0mL (range 30-300). Median LOS was 7\\xa0days (range 4-16). Of postoperative complications, five were minor: arrhythmia (n\\xa0=\\xa01), surgical site infection (n\\xa0=\\xa03), in-hospital fall (n\\xa0=\\xa01); and four were major (intra-abdominal abscess, stricture, PE, and anastomotic bleed). T stages were Tx (n\\xa0=\\xa01), T2 (n\\xa0=\\xa03), T3 (n\\xa0=\\xa018), and T4 (n\\xa0=\\xa06). N stages were N0 (n\\xa0=\\xa04), N1 (n\\xa0=\\xa08), N2 (n\\xa0=\\xa01), and N3 (n\\xa0=\\xa015). Median tumor size was 5.8\\xa0cm (range 0-9.5). Median lymph node yield was 22 (range 6-53). All margins were negative. Median follow-up was 12.8\\xa0months (range 2-27). Six patients have died of progressive disease.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Blood Loss, Surgical', 'Feasibility Studies', 'Female', 'Gastrectomy', 'Humans', 'Laparoscopy', 'Length of Stay', 'Lymph Node Excision', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Stomach Neoplasms']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,542,462 | Does p38 MAPK mediate glial P2X7R-neuronal P2Y1R inhibitory control of P2X3R expression in dorsal root ganglion neurons? | {
"contexts": [
"We have previously shown that endogenously active purinergic P2X7 receptors (P2X7Rs) in satellite glial cells of dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) stimulate ATP release. The ATP activates P2Y1Rs located in the enwrapped neuronal somata, resulting in down-regulation of P2X3Rs. This P2X7R-P2Y1-P2X3R inhibitory control significantly reduces P2X3R-mediated nociceptive responses. The underlying mechanism by which the activation of P2Y1Rs inhibits the expression of P2X3Rs remains unexplored.",
"Examining the effect of the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase on the expression of P2X3Rs in DRGs, we found that the p38 activator, anisomycin (Anis), reduced the expression of P2X3Rs. Blocking the activity of SGCs by the glial Krebs cycle inhibitor, fluorocitrate, did not change the effect of Anis. These results suggest that neuronal p38 plays a major role in the inhibition of P2X3R expression. Western blotting analyses showed that inhibiting P2Y1Rs by MRS2179 (MRS) or blocking P2X7Rs by either oxATP or A740003 reduced pp38 and increased P2X3R expression in DRGs. These results are further supported by the immunohistochemical study showing that P2X7R and P2Y1R antagonists reduce the percentage of pp38-positive neurons. These observations suggest that activation of P2X7Rs and P2Y1Rs promotes p38 activity to exert inhibitory control on P2X3R expression. Since activation of p38 by Anis in the presence of either A740003 or MRS could overcome the block of P2X7R-P2Y1R inhibitory control, p38 in DRG neurons is downstream of P2Y1Rs. In addition, inhibition of p38 by SB202190 was found to prevent the P2X7R and P2Y1R block of P2X3R expression and increase P2X3R-mediated nociceptive flinch behaviors."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adenosine Diphosphate",
"Animals",
"Down-Regulation",
"Enzyme Activation",
"Ganglia, Spinal",
"Imidazoles",
"Male",
"Protein Kinase Inhibitors",
"Pyridines",
"Rats",
"Rats, Sprague-Dawley",
"Receptors, Purinergic P2X3",
"Receptors, Purinergic P2X7",
"Receptors, Purinergic P2Y1",
"p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases"
]
} | p38 in DRG neurons downstream of P2Y1R is necessary and sufficient for the P2X7R-P2Y1R inhibitory control of P2X3R expression. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does p38 MAPK mediate glial P2X7R-neuronal P2Y1R inhibitory control of P2X3R expression in dorsal root ganglion neurons?\nContext: {'contexts': ['We have previously shown that endogenously active purinergic P2X7 receptors (P2X7Rs) in satellite glial cells of dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) stimulate ATP release. The ATP activates P2Y1Rs located in the enwrapped neuronal somata, resulting in down-regulation of P2X3Rs. This P2X7R-P2Y1-P2X3R inhibitory control significantly reduces P2X3R-mediated nociceptive responses. The underlying mechanism by which the activation of P2Y1Rs inhibits the expression of P2X3Rs remains unexplored.', 'Examining the effect of the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase on the expression of P2X3Rs in DRGs, we found that the p38 activator, anisomycin (Anis), reduced the expression of P2X3Rs. Blocking the activity of SGCs by the glial Krebs cycle inhibitor, fluorocitrate, did not change the effect of Anis. These results suggest that neuronal p38 plays a major role in the inhibition of P2X3R expression. Western blotting analyses showed that inhibiting P2Y1Rs by MRS2179 (MRS) or blocking P2X7Rs by either oxATP or A740003 reduced pp38 and increased P2X3R expression in DRGs. These results are further supported by the immunohistochemical study showing that P2X7R and P2Y1R antagonists reduce the percentage of pp38-positive neurons. These observations suggest that activation of P2X7Rs and P2Y1Rs promotes p38 activity to exert inhibitory control on P2X3R expression. Since activation of p38 by Anis in the presence of either A740003 or MRS could overcome the block of P2X7R-P2Y1R inhibitory control, p38 in DRG neurons is downstream of P2Y1Rs. In addition, inhibition of p38 by SB202190 was found to prevent the P2X7R and P2Y1R block of P2X3R expression and increase P2X3R-mediated nociceptive flinch behaviors.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adenosine Diphosphate', 'Animals', 'Down-Regulation', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Ganglia, Spinal', 'Imidazoles', 'Male', 'Protein Kinase Inhibitors', 'Pyridines', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Receptors, Purinergic P2X3', 'Receptors, Purinergic P2X7', 'Receptors, Purinergic P2Y1', 'p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,542,466 | Do tECPR2 mutations cause a new subtype of familial dysautonomia like hereditary sensory autonomic neuropathy with intellectual disability? | {
"contexts": [
"TECPR2 was first described as a disease causing gene when the c.3416delT frameshift mutation was found in five Jewish Bukharian patients with similar features. It was suggested to constitute a new subtype of complex hereditary spastic paraparesis (SPG49).",
"We report here 3 additional patients from unrelated non-Bukharian families, harboring two novel mutations (c.1319delT, c.C566T) in this gene. Accumulating clinical data clarifies that in addition to intellectual disability and evolving spasticity the main disabling feature of this unique disorder is autonomic-sensory neuropathy accompanied by chronic respiratory disease and paroxysmal autonomic events."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Carrier Proteins",
"Child, Preschool",
"Computational Biology",
"DNA",
"Dysautonomia, Familial",
"Electrodiagnosis",
"Exome",
"Frameshift Mutation",
"Hereditary Sensory and Autonomic Neuropathies",
"Humans",
"Infant",
"Infant, Newborn",
"Intellectual Disability",
"Jews",
"Male",
"Models, Molecular",
"Nerve Tissue Proteins",
"Neurologic Examination",
"Pedigree",
"Respiration Disorders",
"Spastic Paraplegia, Hereditary"
]
} | We suggest that the disease should therefore be classified as a new subtype of hereditary sensory-autonomic neuropathy. The discovery of additional mutations in non-Bukharian patients implies that this disease might be more common than previously appreciated and should therefore be considered in undiagnosed cases of intellectual disability with autonomic features and respiratory symptoms regardless of demographic origin. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do tECPR2 mutations cause a new subtype of familial dysautonomia like hereditary sensory autonomic neuropathy with intellectual disability?\nContext: {'contexts': ['TECPR2 was first described as a disease causing gene when the c.3416delT frameshift mutation was found in five Jewish Bukharian patients with similar features. It was suggested to constitute a new subtype of complex hereditary spastic paraparesis (SPG49).', 'We report here 3 additional patients from unrelated non-Bukharian families, harboring two novel mutations (c.1319delT, c.C566T) in this gene. Accumulating clinical data clarifies that in addition to intellectual disability and evolving spasticity the main disabling feature of this unique disorder is autonomic-sensory neuropathy accompanied by chronic respiratory disease and paroxysmal autonomic events.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Carrier Proteins', 'Child, Preschool', 'Computational Biology', 'DNA', 'Dysautonomia, Familial', 'Electrodiagnosis', 'Exome', 'Frameshift Mutation', 'Hereditary Sensory and Autonomic Neuropathies', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Intellectual Disability', 'Jews', 'Male', 'Models, Molecular', 'Nerve Tissue Proteins', 'Neurologic Examination', 'Pedigree', 'Respiration Disorders', 'Spastic Paraplegia, Hereditary']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,547,208 | Are early term infants at increased risk of requiring neonatal intensive care? | {
"contexts": [
"Increasing evidence is demonstrating that infants born early on during the term period are at increased risk of morbidity compared with infants born closer to a complete 40 week gestational pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to compare early term [gestation age (GA): 37-37 6/7 weeks] neonatal outcomes with those of other full term neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions.",
"Retrospective chart review of all term infants admitted to the NICU at New York University Langone Medical Center over a 17 month period. Subjects were grouped and analyzed according to their GA at birth: 1) early term infants (GA between 37 0/7 to 37 6/7 weeks) and 2) other term infants (38 0/7 weeks and older).",
"Early term infants were more likely to require NICU care than other term infants [relative risk: 1.42, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.07-1.88), P=0.01]. In the NICU, they are more likely to manifest respiratory distress syndrome [odds ratio (OR)=5.7, 95% CI=1.6-19.8, P<0.01] and hypoglycemia (OR=4.6, 95% CI=2.0-10.4, P<0.001). In addition, early term neonates were more likely to be born via elective cesarean section than other term neonates (OR=4.1, 95% CI=2.0-8.5, P<0.001)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Female",
"Humans",
"Infant, Newborn",
"Infant, Premature",
"Infant, Premature, Diseases",
"Intensive Care, Neonatal",
"Male",
"Patient Admission",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Risk Factors"
]
} | Being born at early term is associated with increased risk of respiratory disease and hypoglycemia requiring neonatal intensive care. Further efforts directed at decreasing early term deliveries may be warranted. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are early term infants at increased risk of requiring neonatal intensive care?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Increasing evidence is demonstrating that infants born early on during the term period are at increased risk of morbidity compared with infants born closer to a complete 40 week gestational pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to compare early term [gestation age (GA): 37-37 6/7 weeks] neonatal outcomes with those of other full term neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions.', 'Retrospective chart review of all term infants admitted to the NICU at New York University Langone Medical Center over a 17 month period. Subjects were grouped and analyzed according to their GA at birth: 1) early term infants (GA between 37 0/7 to 37 6/7 weeks) and 2) other term infants (38 0/7 weeks and older).', 'Early term infants were more likely to require NICU care than other term infants [relative risk: 1.42, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.07-1.88), P=0.01]. In the NICU, they are more likely to manifest respiratory distress syndrome [odds ratio (OR)=5.7, 95% CI=1.6-19.8, P<0.01] and hypoglycemia (OR=4.6, 95% CI=2.0-10.4, P<0.001). In addition, early term neonates were more likely to be born via elective cesarean section than other term neonates (OR=4.1, 95% CI=2.0-8.5, P<0.001).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Female', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Infant, Premature', 'Infant, Premature, Diseases', 'Intensive Care, Neonatal', 'Male', 'Patient Admission', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,553,336 | Does opioid Prescribing at Hospital Discharge contribute to Chronic Opioid Use? | {
"contexts": [
"Chronic opioid therapy for chronic pain treatment has increased. Hospital physicians, including hospitalists and medical/surgical resident physicians, care for many hospitalized patients, yet little is known about opioid prescribing at hospital discharge and future chronic opioid use.",
"We aimed to characterize opioid prescribing at hospital discharge among 'opioid naïve' patients. Opioid naïve patients had not filled an opioid prescription at an affiliated pharmacy 1 year preceding their hospital discharge. We also set out to quantify the risk of chronic opioid use and opioid refills 1 year post discharge among opioid naïve patients with and without opioid receipt at discharge.",
"This was a retrospective cohort study.",
"From 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2011, 6,689 opioid naïve patients were discharged from a safety-net hospital.",
"Chronic opioid use 1 year post discharge.",
"Twenty-five percent of opioid naïve patients (n = 1,688) had opioid receipt within 72 hours of discharge. Patients with opioid receipt were more likely to have diagnoses including neoplasm (6.3% versus 3.5%, p < 0.001), acute pain (2.7% versus 1.0 %, p < 0.001), chronic pain at admission (12.1% versus 3.3%, p < 0.001) or surgery during their hospitalization (65.1% versus 18.4%, p < 0.001) compared to patients without opioid receipt. Patients with opioid receipt were less likely to have alcohol use disorders (15.7% versus 20.7%, p < 0.001) and mental health disorders (23.9% versus 31.4%, p < 0.001) compared to patients without opioid receipt. Chronic opioid use 1 year post discharge was more common among patients with opioid receipt (4.1% versus 1.3%, p < 0.0001) compared to patients without opioid receipt. Opioid receipt was associated with increased odds of chronic opioid use (AOR = 4.90, 95% CI 3.22-7.45) and greater subsequent opioid refills (AOR = 2.67, 95% CI 2.29-3.13) 1 year post discharge compared to no opioid receipt."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Analgesics, Opioid",
"Chronic Pain",
"Colorado",
"Drug Administration Schedule",
"Drug Prescriptions",
"Female",
"Hospitalization",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Opioid-Related Disorders",
"Patient Discharge",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Young Adult"
]
} | Opioid receipt at hospital discharge among opioid naïve patients increased future chronic opioid use. Physicians should inform patients of this risk prior to prescribing opioids at discharge. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does opioid Prescribing at Hospital Discharge contribute to Chronic Opioid Use?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Chronic opioid therapy for chronic pain treatment has increased. Hospital physicians, including hospitalists and medical/surgical resident physicians, care for many hospitalized patients, yet little is known about opioid prescribing at hospital discharge and future chronic opioid use.', \"We aimed to characterize opioid prescribing at hospital discharge among 'opioid naïve' patients. Opioid naïve patients had not filled an opioid prescription at an affiliated pharmacy 1 year preceding their hospital discharge. We also set out to quantify the risk of chronic opioid use and opioid refills 1 year post discharge among opioid naïve patients with and without opioid receipt at discharge.\", 'This was a retrospective cohort study.', 'From 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2011, 6,689 opioid naïve patients were discharged from a safety-net hospital.', 'Chronic opioid use 1 year post discharge.', 'Twenty-five percent of opioid naïve patients (n\\u2009=\\u20091,688) had opioid receipt within 72 hours of discharge. Patients with opioid receipt were more likely to have diagnoses including neoplasm (6.3% versus 3.5%, p\\u2009<\\u20090.001), acute pain (2.7% versus 1.0 %, p\\u2009<\\u20090.001), chronic pain at admission (12.1% versus 3.3%, p\\u2009<\\u20090.001) or surgery during their hospitalization (65.1% versus 18.4%, p\\u2009<\\u20090.001) compared to patients without opioid receipt. Patients with opioid receipt were less likely to have alcohol use disorders (15.7% versus 20.7%, p\\u2009<\\u20090.001) and mental health disorders (23.9% versus 31.4%, p\\u2009<\\u20090.001) compared to patients without opioid receipt. Chronic opioid use 1 year post discharge was more common among patients with opioid receipt (4.1% versus 1.3%, p\\u2009<\\u20090.0001) compared to patients without opioid receipt. Opioid receipt was associated with increased odds of chronic opioid use (AOR\\u2009=\\u20094.90, 95% CI 3.22-7.45) and greater subsequent opioid refills (AOR\\u2009=\\u20092.67, 95% CI 2.29-3.13) 1 year post discharge compared to no opioid receipt.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Analgesics, Opioid', 'Chronic Pain', 'Colorado', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Drug Prescriptions', 'Female', 'Hospitalization', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Opioid-Related Disorders', 'Patient Discharge', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,546,340 | Is abdominal radiography necessary in children with intussusception? | {
"contexts": [
"Children with intussusception require rapid and accurate diagnosis to enable timely intervention for satisfactory outcome. Ultrasonography is the recommended standard diagnostic modality; however, abdominal radiography (AR) is still used as an initial investigation. The aim of this study was to investigate the benefit of AR in intussusception by determining diagnostic accuracy and analysing correlation of AR findings with outcome.",
"Index cases of intussusception presenting over 15 years (1998-2013) were analysed. Those who had AR performed were allocated into groups with positive or normal findings. Outcome of pneumatic reduction of intussusception (PRI) between these groups was compared.",
"Six hundred and forty-four cases of intussusception treated with PRI were identified, 412 (64 %) had AR performed and 232 (36 %) did not. 303 (74 %) radiographs had positive findings and 109 (26 %) were normal. The success rate of PRI did not differ between AR positive (82 %) and AR normal (84 %). Occult pneumoperitoneum was not detected in any patient by AR in our cohort."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Child",
"Child, Preschool",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Infant",
"Infant, Newborn",
"Intussusception",
"Male",
"Radiography, Abdominal",
"Reproducibility of Results",
"Retrospective Studies"
]
} | AR is not recommended for the diagnosis of intussusception in children, for the prediction of the outcome of PRI or for the detection of occult pneumoperitoneum. AR should always be performed when clinical peritonism is present but is not otherwise necessary in children with suspected or confirmed intussusception. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is abdominal radiography necessary in children with intussusception?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Children with intussusception require rapid and accurate diagnosis to enable timely intervention for satisfactory outcome. Ultrasonography is the recommended standard diagnostic modality; however, abdominal radiography (AR) is still used as an initial investigation. The aim of this study was to investigate the benefit of AR in intussusception by determining diagnostic accuracy and analysing correlation of AR findings with outcome.', 'Index cases of intussusception presenting over 15\\xa0years (1998-2013) were analysed. Those who had AR performed were allocated into groups with positive or normal findings. Outcome of pneumatic reduction of intussusception (PRI) between these groups was compared.', 'Six hundred and forty-four cases of intussusception treated with PRI were identified, 412 (64\\xa0%) had AR performed and 232 (36\\xa0%) did not. 303 (74\\xa0%) radiographs had positive findings and 109 (26\\xa0%) were normal. The success rate of PRI did not differ between AR positive (82\\xa0%) and AR normal (84\\xa0%). Occult pneumoperitoneum was not detected in any patient by AR in our cohort.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Intussusception', 'Male', 'Radiography, Abdominal', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Retrospective Studies']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
26,528,670 | Are symptoms of Depression Common in Patients With Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus : The INPH-CRasH Study? | {
"contexts": [
"If patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (INPH) also have depression, this could have important clinical ramifications in assessment and management of their cognitive function and response to shunting. In many dementias, depression is overrepresented, but the prevalence of depression in shunted patients with INPH is unknown.",
"The objective of this case-control study was to assess the prevalence of symptoms of depression in shunted INPH patients compared with population-based controls.",
"INPH patients consecutively shunted from 2008 to 2010 in Sweden were analyzed. Patients remaining after inclusion (within 60-85 years and not having dementia, ie, mini-mental state examination ≥23) had a standardized visit to their healthcare provider and answered an extensive questionnaire. Age- and sex-matched population-based controls underwent the same procedure. Symptoms of depression were assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale 15 (suspected depression defined as ≥5 points, suspected severe depression as ≥12 points). This study is part of the INPH-CRasH study.",
"One hundred seventy-six INPH patients and 368 controls participated. After adjustment for age, sex, cerebrovascular disease, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure, patients had a higher mean depression score (patients: 4.9 ± 3.7 SD, controls: 1.9 ± 2.3 SD; OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.3-1.6, P < .001), more patients had suspected depression (46% vs 13%, OR 6.4, 95% CI 3.8-10.9, P < .001), and more patients had suspected severe depression (7.3% vs 0.6%, OR 14.4, 95% CI 3.0-68.6, P < .005)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts",
"Comorbidity",
"Depression",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Hydrocephalus, Normal Pressure",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Neuropsychological Tests",
"Prevalence",
"Registries",
"Risk Factors",
"Sweden",
"Treatment Outcome"
]
} | Symptoms of depression are overrepresented in INPH patients compared with the population, despite treatment with a shunt. Screening for depression should be done in the evaluation of INPH patients in order to find and treat a coexisting depression. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are symptoms of Depression Common in Patients With Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus : The INPH-CRasH Study?\nContext: {'contexts': ['If patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (INPH) also have depression, this could have important clinical ramifications in assessment and management of their cognitive function and response to shunting. In many dementias, depression is overrepresented, but the prevalence of depression in shunted patients with INPH is unknown.', 'The objective of this case-control study was to assess the prevalence of symptoms of depression in shunted INPH patients compared with population-based controls.', 'INPH patients consecutively shunted from 2008 to 2010 in Sweden were analyzed. Patients remaining after inclusion (within 60-85 years and not having dementia, ie, mini-mental state examination ≥23) had a standardized visit to their healthcare provider and answered an extensive questionnaire. Age- and sex-matched population-based controls underwent the same procedure. Symptoms of depression were assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale 15 (suspected depression defined as ≥5 points, suspected severe depression as ≥12 points). This study is part of the INPH-CRasH study.', 'One hundred seventy-six INPH patients and 368 controls participated. After adjustment for age, sex, cerebrovascular disease, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure, patients had a higher mean depression score (patients: 4.9 ± 3.7 SD, controls: 1.9 ± 2.3 SD; OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.3-1.6, P < .001), more patients had suspected depression (46% vs 13%, OR 6.4, 95% CI 3.8-10.9, P < .001), and more patients had suspected severe depression (7.3% vs 0.6%, OR 14.4, 95% CI 3.0-68.6, P < .005).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts', 'Comorbidity', 'Depression', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hydrocephalus, Normal Pressure', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Prevalence', 'Registries', 'Risk Factors', 'Sweden', 'Treatment Outcome']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,546,710 | Do background differences in baseline and stimulated MMP levels influence abdominal aortic aneurysm susceptibility? | {
"contexts": [
"Evidence has demonstrated profound influence of genetic background on cardiovascular phenotypes. Murine models in Marfan syndrome (MFS) have shown that genetic background-related variations affect thoracic aortic aneurysm formation, rupture, and lifespan of mice. MFS mice with C57Bl/6 genetic background are less susceptible to aneurysm formation compared to the 129/SvEv genetic background. In this study, we hypothesize that susceptibility to abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) will be increased in 129/SvEv mice versus C57Bl/6 mice. We tested this hypothesis by assessing differences in aneurysm size, tissue properties, immune response, and MMP expression.",
"Mice of C57Bl/6 or 129/SvEv background underwent AAA induction by periaortic application of CaCl2. Baseline aortic diameters, tissue properties and MMP levels were measured. After aneurysm induction, diameters, MMP expression, and immune response (macrophage infiltration and bone marrow transplantation) were measured.",
"Aneurysms were larger in 129/SvEv mice than C57Bl/6 mice (83.0% ± 13.6 increase compared to 57.8% ± 6.4). The aorta was stiffer in the 129/SvEv mice compared to C57Bl/6 mice (952.5 kPa ± 93.6 versus 621.4 kPa ± 84.2). Baseline MMP-2 and post-aneurysm MMP-2 and -9 levels were higher in 129/SvEv aortas compared to C57Bl/6 aortas. Elastic lamella disruption/fragmentation and macrophage infiltration were increased in 129/SvEv mice. Myelogenous cell reversal by bone marrow transplantation did not affect aneurysm size."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Aorta, Abdominal",
"Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal",
"Bone Marrow Transplantation",
"Calcium Chloride",
"Dilatation, Pathologic",
"Disease Models, Animal",
"Elastic Modulus",
"Genetic Predisposition to Disease",
"Macrophages",
"Male",
"Matrix Metalloproteinase 2",
"Matrix Metalloproteinase 9",
"Mice, 129 Strain",
"Mice, Inbred C57BL",
"Pancreatic Elastase",
"Species Specificity",
"Tropoelastin",
"Up-Regulation",
"Vascular Stiffness"
]
} | These data demonstrate that 129/SvEv mice are more susceptible to AAA compared to C57Bl/6 mice. Intrinsic properties of the aorta between the two strains of mice, including baseline expression of MMP-2, influence susceptibility to AAA. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do background differences in baseline and stimulated MMP levels influence abdominal aortic aneurysm susceptibility?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Evidence has demonstrated profound influence of genetic background on cardiovascular phenotypes. Murine models in Marfan syndrome (MFS) have shown that genetic background-related variations affect thoracic aortic aneurysm formation, rupture, and lifespan of mice. MFS mice with C57Bl/6 genetic background are less susceptible to aneurysm formation compared to the 129/SvEv genetic background. In this study, we hypothesize that susceptibility to abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) will be increased in 129/SvEv mice versus C57Bl/6 mice. We tested this hypothesis by assessing differences in aneurysm size, tissue properties, immune response, and MMP expression.', 'Mice of C57Bl/6 or 129/SvEv background underwent AAA induction by periaortic application of CaCl2. Baseline aortic diameters, tissue properties and MMP levels were measured. After aneurysm induction, diameters, MMP expression, and immune response (macrophage infiltration and bone marrow transplantation) were measured.', 'Aneurysms were larger in 129/SvEv mice than C57Bl/6 mice (83.0%\\xa0±\\xa013.6 increase compared to 57.8%\\xa0±\\xa06.4). The aorta was stiffer in the 129/SvEv mice compared to C57Bl/6 mice (952.5\\xa0kPa\\xa0±\\xa093.6 versus 621.4\\xa0kPa\\xa0±\\xa084.2). Baseline MMP-2 and post-aneurysm MMP-2 and -9 levels were higher in 129/SvEv aortas compared to C57Bl/6 aortas. Elastic lamella disruption/fragmentation and macrophage infiltration were increased in 129/SvEv mice. Myelogenous cell reversal by bone marrow transplantation did not affect aneurysm size.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Aorta, Abdominal', 'Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal', 'Bone Marrow Transplantation', 'Calcium Chloride', 'Dilatation, Pathologic', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Elastic Modulus', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Macrophages', 'Male', 'Matrix Metalloproteinase 2', 'Matrix Metalloproteinase 9', 'Mice, 129 Strain', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Pancreatic Elastase', 'Species Specificity', 'Tropoelastin', 'Up-Regulation', 'Vascular Stiffness']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,546,712 | Does uptake of Marasmius oreades agglutinin disrupt integrin-dependent cell adhesion? | {
"contexts": [
"Fruiting body lectins have been proposed to act as effector proteins in the defense of fungi against parasites and predators. The Marasmius oreades agglutinin (MOA) is a lectin from the fairy ring mushroom with specificity for Galα1-3Gal containing carbohydrates. This lectin is composed of an N-terminal carbohydrate-binding domain and a C-terminal dimerization domain. The dimerization domain of MOA shows in addition calcium-dependent cysteine protease activity, similar to the calpain family.",
"Cell detachment assay, cell viability assay, immunofluorescence, live cell imaging and Western blot using MDCKII cell line.",
"In this study, we demonstrate in MDCKII cells that after internalization, MOA protease activity induces profound physiological cellular responses, like cytoskeleton rearrangement, cell detachment and cell death. These changes are preceded by a decrease in FAK phosphorylation and an internalization and degradation of β1-integrin, consistent with a disruption of integrin-dependent cell adhesion signaling. Once internalized, MOA accumulates in late endosomal compartments."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Agglutinins",
"Animals",
"Cell Adhesion",
"Cells, Cultured",
"Clathrin",
"Dogs",
"Dynamins",
"Endocytosis",
"Endosomes",
"Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases",
"Integrin beta1",
"Marasmius"
]
} | Our results suggest a possible toxic mechanism of MOA, which consists of disturbing the cell adhesion and the cell viability. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does uptake of Marasmius oreades agglutinin disrupt integrin-dependent cell adhesion?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Fruiting body lectins have been proposed to act as effector proteins in the defense of fungi against parasites and predators. The Marasmius oreades agglutinin (MOA) is a lectin from the fairy ring mushroom with specificity for Galα1-3Gal containing carbohydrates. This lectin is composed of an N-terminal carbohydrate-binding domain and a C-terminal dimerization domain. The dimerization domain of MOA shows in addition calcium-dependent cysteine protease activity, similar to the calpain family.', 'Cell detachment assay, cell viability assay, immunofluorescence, live cell imaging and Western blot using MDCKII cell line.', 'In this study, we demonstrate in MDCKII cells that after internalization, MOA protease activity induces profound physiological cellular responses, like cytoskeleton rearrangement, cell detachment and cell death. These changes are preceded by a decrease in FAK phosphorylation and an internalization and degradation of β1-integrin, consistent with a disruption of integrin-dependent cell adhesion signaling. Once internalized, MOA accumulates in late endosomal compartments.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Agglutinins', 'Animals', 'Cell Adhesion', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Clathrin', 'Dogs', 'Dynamins', 'Endocytosis', 'Endosomes', 'Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases', 'Integrin beta1', 'Marasmius']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,543,299 | Does cD73 predict Favorable Prognosis in Patients with Nonmuscle-Invasive Urothelial Bladder Cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"CD73 is a membrane associated 5'-ectonucleotidase that has been proposed as prognostic biomarker in various solid tumors. The aim of this study is to evaluate CD73 expression in a cohort of patients with primary bladder cancer in regard to its association with clinicopathological features and disease course.",
"Tissue samples from 174 patients with a primary urothelial carcinoma were immunohistochemically assessed on a tissue microarray. Associations between CD73 expression and retrospectively obtained clinicopathological data were evaluated by contingency analysis. Survival analysis was performed to investigate the predictive value of CD73 within the subgroup of pTa and pT1 tumors in regard to progression-free survival (PFS).",
"High CD73 expression was found in 46 (26.4%) patients and was significantly associated with lower stage, lower grade, less adjacent carcinoma in situ and with lower Ki-67 proliferation index. High CD73 immunoreactivity in the subgroup of pTa and pT1 tumors (n = 158) was significantly associated with longer PFS (HR: 0.228; p = 0.047) in univariable Cox regression analysis."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"5'-Nucleotidase",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Biomarkers, Tumor",
"Carcinoma",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Urinary Bladder Neoplasms",
"Urothelium"
]
} | High CD73 immunoreactivity was associated with favorable clinicopathological features. Furthermore, it predicts better outcome in the subgroup of pTa and pT1 tumors and may thus serve as additional tool for the selection of patients with favorable prognosis. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does cD73 predict Favorable Prognosis in Patients with Nonmuscle-Invasive Urothelial Bladder Cancer?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"CD73 is a membrane associated 5'-ectonucleotidase that has been proposed as prognostic biomarker in various solid tumors. The aim of this study is to evaluate CD73 expression in a cohort of patients with primary bladder cancer in regard to its association with clinicopathological features and disease course.\", 'Tissue samples from 174 patients with a primary urothelial carcinoma were immunohistochemically assessed on a tissue microarray. Associations between CD73 expression and retrospectively obtained clinicopathological data were evaluated by contingency analysis. Survival analysis was performed to investigate the predictive value of CD73 within the subgroup of pTa and pT1 tumors in regard to progression-free survival (PFS).', 'High CD73 expression was found in 46 (26.4%) patients and was significantly associated with lower stage, lower grade, less adjacent carcinoma in situ and with lower Ki-67 proliferation index. High CD73 immunoreactivity in the subgroup of pTa and pT1 tumors (n = 158) was significantly associated with longer PFS (HR: 0.228; p = 0.047) in univariable Cox regression analysis.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': [\"5'-Nucleotidase\", 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Carcinoma', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Urinary Bladder Neoplasms', 'Urothelium']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,531,265 | Does high-pressure physiological saline isotonic solution administration enhance brain NGF and NGF-receptors expression? | {
"contexts": [
"Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a neurotrophin which promotes and regulates the survival of neurons in the peripheral nervous system. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of high-pressure administration of sterile physiological saline isotonic solution (HpPSIS) into nasal cavity of laboratory animals on NGF levels and NGF-receptor expression in the olfactory bulbs and brain.",
"For this study we used three weeks old female Sprague Dawley SD rats (n=48). Rats were divided into two groups, the first one treated delivering physiological saline solution with a normal syringe modified at the extremity to fit the rats' nostril (5 ml) (n=24) and the second one treated spray with HpPSIS (n=24 rats). Rats were treated three times a day either for 5 consecutive days (shorth term treatment) or 10 consecutive days (longer treatment) in both nostrils of HpPSIS delivered at high pressure (pression emission level: PEL: 7 g/sec for emission time ET: 0.5 sec) with a specific forced spray erogator. Untreated rats received a similar manipulation three times a day through a syringe in the nostrils, but no HpPSIS administration.",
"The results of these studies highlight the possibility that endogenous enhancement of NGF by stimulation of NGF-producing cells within the nasal cavities and also in the CNS represent a novel experimental approach to enhance the brain NGF levels with a new therapy. HpPSIS treatment further enhances the presence of NGF in the four brains examined. Indeed, a significant increase of NGF was first observed after 5 days of HpPSIS treatment, compared to HpPSIS untreated rats. The increase was over 25% in the OB, ST, HI and in CX, while 10 days after HpPSIS treatments the levels of NGF were even higher. These differences were statistically significant, p < 0.05."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aging",
"Animals",
"Brain",
"Female",
"Gene Expression Regulation",
"Isotonic Solutions",
"Nerve Growth Factor",
"Neurons",
"Olfactory Bulb",
"Pressure",
"Rats",
"Rats, Sprague-Dawley",
"Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor",
"Sodium Chloride"
]
} | It was found that forced administration of HpPSIS enhances the presence of these neurotrophic signals, not only in the olfactory bulbs, but also in forebrain cholinergic neurons, which are known to degenerate as result of memory loss and brain aging, including Alzheimer Disease. These findings for the first time in the literature demonstrate the possibility of enhancing the endogenous NGF to protect NGF-damaged neurons. Since the enhanced expression of NGF was first observed after 5 days of treatment and higher after 10 days of treatment, a reasonable hypothesis is that longer HpPSIS treatment might further enhance the level of NGF in brain and olfactory bulbs. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does high-pressure physiological saline isotonic solution administration enhance brain NGF and NGF-receptors expression?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a neurotrophin which promotes and regulates the survival of neurons in the peripheral nervous system. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of high-pressure administration of sterile physiological saline isotonic solution (HpPSIS) into nasal cavity of laboratory animals on NGF levels and NGF-receptor expression in the olfactory bulbs and brain.', \"For this study we used three weeks old female Sprague Dawley SD rats (n=48). Rats were divided into two groups, the first one treated delivering physiological saline solution with a normal syringe modified at the extremity to fit the rats' nostril (5 ml) (n=24) and the second one treated spray with HpPSIS (n=24 rats). Rats were treated three times a day either for 5 consecutive days (shorth term treatment) or 10 consecutive days (longer treatment) in both nostrils of HpPSIS delivered at high pressure (pression emission level: PEL: 7 g/sec for emission time ET: 0.5 sec) with a specific forced spray erogator. Untreated rats received a similar manipulation three times a day through a syringe in the nostrils, but no HpPSIS administration.\", 'The results of these studies highlight the possibility that endogenous enhancement of NGF by stimulation of NGF-producing cells within the nasal cavities and also in the CNS represent a novel experimental approach to enhance the brain NGF levels with a new therapy. HpPSIS treatment further enhances the presence of NGF in the four brains examined. Indeed, a significant increase of NGF was first observed after 5 days of HpPSIS treatment, compared to HpPSIS untreated rats. The increase was over 25% in the OB, ST, HI and in CX, while 10 days after HpPSIS treatments the levels of NGF were even higher. These differences were statistically significant, p < 0.05.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aging', 'Animals', 'Brain', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Isotonic Solutions', 'Nerve Growth Factor', 'Neurons', 'Olfactory Bulb', 'Pressure', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor', 'Sodium Chloride']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,554,451 | Does mechanical fibrinogen-depletion support heparin-free mesenchymal stem cell propagation in human platelet lysate? | {
"contexts": [
"Pooled human platelet lysate (pHPL) is an efficient alternative to xenogenic supplements for ex vivo expansion of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in clinical studies. Currently, porcine heparin is used in pHPL-supplemented medium to prevent clotting due to plasmatic coagulation factors. We therefore searched for an efficient and reproducible medium preparation method that avoids clot formation while omitting animal-derived heparin.",
"We established a protocol to deplete fibrinogen by clotting of pHPL in medium, subsequent mechanical hydrogel disruption and removal of the fibrin pellet. After primary culture, bone-marrow and umbilical cord derived MSCs were tested for surface markers by flow cytometry and for trilineage differentiation capacity. Proliferation and clonogenicity were analyzed for three passages.",
"The proposed clotting procedure reduced fibrinogen more than 1000-fold, while a volume recovery of 99.5 % was obtained. All MSC types were propagated in standard and fibrinogen-depleted medium. Flow cytometric phenotype profiles and adipogenic, osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation potential in vitro were independent of MSC-source or medium type. Enhanced proliferation of MSCs was observed in the absence of fibrinogen but presence of heparin compared to standard medium. Interestingly, this proliferative response to heparin was not detected after an initial contact with fibrinogen during the isolation procedure."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Blood Platelets",
"Cell Differentiation",
"Fibrinogen",
"Flow Cytometry",
"Heparin",
"Humans",
"Mesenchymal Stem Cells"
]
} | Here, we present an efficient, reproducible and economical method in compliance to good manufacturing practice for the preparation of MSC media avoiding xenogenic components and suitable for clinical studies. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does mechanical fibrinogen-depletion support heparin-free mesenchymal stem cell propagation in human platelet lysate?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Pooled human platelet lysate (pHPL) is an efficient alternative to xenogenic supplements for ex vivo expansion of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in clinical studies. Currently, porcine heparin is used in pHPL-supplemented medium to prevent clotting due to plasmatic coagulation factors. We therefore searched for an efficient and reproducible medium preparation method that avoids clot formation while omitting animal-derived heparin.', 'We established a protocol to deplete fibrinogen by clotting of pHPL in medium, subsequent mechanical hydrogel disruption and removal of the fibrin pellet. After primary culture, bone-marrow and umbilical cord derived MSCs were tested for surface markers by flow cytometry and for trilineage differentiation capacity. Proliferation and clonogenicity were analyzed for three passages.', 'The proposed clotting procedure reduced fibrinogen more than 1000-fold, while a volume recovery of 99.5\\xa0% was obtained. All MSC types were propagated in standard and fibrinogen-depleted medium. Flow cytometric phenotype profiles and adipogenic, osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation potential in vitro were independent of MSC-source or medium type. Enhanced proliferation of MSCs was observed in the absence of fibrinogen but presence of heparin compared to standard medium. Interestingly, this proliferative response to heparin was not detected after an initial contact with fibrinogen during the isolation procedure.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Blood Platelets', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Fibrinogen', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Heparin', 'Humans', 'Mesenchymal Stem Cells']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,543,059 | Is painful knee but not hand osteoarthritis an independent predictor of mortality over 23 years follow-up of a population-based cohort of middle-aged women? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess whether joint pain or radiographic osteoarthritis (ROA) of the knee and hand is associated with all-cause and disease-specific mortality in middle-aged women.",
"Four subgroups from the prospective community-based Chingford Cohort Study were identified based on presence/absence of pain and ROA at baseline: (Pain-/ROA-; Pain+/ROA-; Pain-/ROA+; Pain+/ROA+). Pain was defined as side-specific pain in the preceding month, while side-specific ROA was defined as Kellgren-Lawrence grade ≥2. All-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer-related mortality over the 23-year follow-up was based on information collected by the Office for National Statistics. Associations between subgroups and all-cause/cause-specific mortality were assessed using Cox regression, adjusting for age, body mass index, typical cardiovascular risk factors, occupation, past physical activity, existing CVD disease, glucose levels and medication use.",
"821 and 808 women were included for knee and hand analyses, respectively. Compared with the knee Pain-/ROA- group, the Pain+/ROA- group had an increased risk of CVD-specific mortality (HR 2.93 (95% CI 1.47 to 5.85)), while the knee Pain+/ROA+ group had an increased HR of 1.97 (95% CI 1.23 to 3.17) for all-cause and 3.57 (95% CI 1.53 to 8.34) for CVD-specific mortality. We found no association between hand OA and mortality."
],
"labels": [
"UNLABELLED",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Arthralgia",
"Cardiovascular Diseases",
"Cause of Death",
"Female",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Hand",
"Humans",
"Knee Joint",
"Middle Aged",
"Neoplasms",
"Osteoarthritis",
"Osteoarthritis, Knee",
"Prospective Studies",
"Radiography",
"Risk Factors"
]
} | We found a significantly increased risk of all-cause and CVD-specific mortality in women experiencing knee pain with or without ROA but not ROA alone. No relationship was found between hand OA and mortality risk. This suggests that knee pain, more than structural changes of OA is the main driver of excess mortality in patients with OA. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is painful knee but not hand osteoarthritis an independent predictor of mortality over 23 years follow-up of a population-based cohort of middle-aged women?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To assess whether joint pain or radiographic osteoarthritis (ROA) of the knee and hand is associated with all-cause and disease-specific mortality in middle-aged women.', 'Four subgroups from the prospective community-based Chingford Cohort Study were identified based on presence/absence of pain and ROA at baseline: (Pain-/ROA-; Pain+/ROA-; Pain-/ROA+; Pain+/ROA+). Pain was defined as side-specific pain in the preceding month, while side-specific ROA was defined as Kellgren-Lawrence grade ≥2. All-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer-related mortality over the 23-year follow-up was based on information collected by the Office for National Statistics. Associations between subgroups and all-cause/cause-specific mortality were assessed using Cox regression, adjusting for age, body mass index, typical cardiovascular risk factors, occupation, past physical activity, existing CVD disease, glucose levels and medication use.', '821 and 808 women were included for knee and hand analyses, respectively. Compared with the knee Pain-/ROA- group, the Pain+/ROA- group had an increased risk of CVD-specific mortality (HR 2.93 (95% CI 1.47 to 5.85)), while the knee Pain+/ROA+ group had an increased HR of 1.97 (95% CI 1.23 to 3.17) for all-cause and 3.57 (95% CI 1.53 to 8.34) for CVD-specific mortality. We found no association between hand OA and mortality.'], 'labels': ['UNLABELLED', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Arthralgia', 'Cardiovascular Diseases', 'Cause of Death', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Hand', 'Humans', 'Knee Joint', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasms', 'Osteoarthritis', 'Osteoarthritis, Knee', 'Prospective Studies', 'Radiography', 'Risk Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,540,503 | Does alternaria induce Production of Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin in Nasal Fibroblasts Through Toll-like Receptor 2? | {
"contexts": [
"Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps is a chronic inflammatory disease with markedly increased eosinophils, Th2-type lymphocytes, fibroblasts, and goblet cells. Fungi are commonly associated with airway inflammatory diseases, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is important in the development of Th2 inflammatory responses. The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction between airborne fungi and nasal fibroblasts in TSLP mRNA and protein expression.",
"Inferior turbinate and nasal polyp fibroblasts were stimulated with Alternaria and Aspergillus, respectively, for 48 hours, and TSLP mRNA and protein expressions were measured. The reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was performed for the Toll-like receptor (TLR) mRNA expression of the nasal fibroblasts. To determine the role of TLR in the induction of TSLP, the fibroblasts were transfected with siRNA against TLR2 and TLR5.",
"Alternaria induced TSLP mRNA and protein expression in both inferior turbinate and nasal polyp fibroblasts. The nasal polyp fibroblasts responded more strongly to the fungi. TLR2 and TLR5 mRNA expressions were significantly increased with fungal stimulation and TSLP production was significantly inhibited by siRNA against TLR2."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": []
} | The results of this study show that TSLP expression could be induced in nasal fibroblasts by exposure to Alternaria and that TLR2 may be involved in the process. The promotion of TSLP production in nasal fibroblasts by airborne fungi may facilitate the development or exacerbation of Th2-type nasal inflammation, especially in CRS with nasal polyps. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does alternaria induce Production of Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin in Nasal Fibroblasts Through Toll-like Receptor 2?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps is a chronic inflammatory disease with markedly increased eosinophils, Th2-type lymphocytes, fibroblasts, and goblet cells. Fungi are commonly associated with airway inflammatory diseases, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is important in the development of Th2 inflammatory responses. The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction between airborne fungi and nasal fibroblasts in TSLP mRNA and protein expression.', 'Inferior turbinate and nasal polyp fibroblasts were stimulated with Alternaria and Aspergillus, respectively, for 48 hours, and TSLP mRNA and protein expressions were measured. The reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was performed for the Toll-like receptor (TLR) mRNA expression of the nasal fibroblasts. To determine the role of TLR in the induction of TSLP, the fibroblasts were transfected with siRNA against TLR2 and TLR5.', 'Alternaria induced TSLP mRNA and protein expression in both inferior turbinate and nasal polyp fibroblasts. The nasal polyp fibroblasts responded more strongly to the fungi. TLR2 and TLR5 mRNA expressions were significantly increased with fungal stimulation and TSLP production was significantly inhibited by siRNA against TLR2.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': []}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,540,500 | Is the Interaction Between Prenatal Exposure to Home Renovation and Reactive Oxygen Species Genes in Cord Blood IgE Response Modified by Maternal Atopy? | {
"contexts": [
"Although home renovation exposure during childhood has been identified as a risk factor for the development of allergy, there is limited information on the association between prenatal exposure to home renovation and cord blood (CB) IgE response. The aims of this study were to identify the effect of prenatal exposure to home renovation on CB IgE levels, and to investigate whether this exposure interacts with neonatal genes and whether the effect can be modified by maternal atopy.",
"This study included 1,002 mother-neonate pairs from the COhort for Childhood Origin of Asthma and allergic diseases (COCOA). Prenatal environmental factors were collected using a questionnaire. The levels of CB IgE were measured by the ImmunoCAP system, and DNA was extracted from CB.",
"Exposure to home renovation during the prenatal period was associated with significantly higher levels of CB IgE only in neonates from atopic mothers, and the effect of renovation exposure on CB IgE levels persisted from 31 months before birth. Furthermore, prenatal exposure to home renovation increased the risk of CB IgE response interacting with polymorphisms of NRF2 and GSTP1 genes only in neonates from atopic mothers."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": []
} | Maternal atopy modified the effect of prenatal exposure to home renovation on CB serum IgE response as well as the interaction between the exposure and neonatal genes involved in the oxidative stress pathway. These findings suggest that the genetically susceptible offspring of atopic mothers may be more vulnerable to the effect of prenatal exposure to home renovation on the development of allergy. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is the Interaction Between Prenatal Exposure to Home Renovation and Reactive Oxygen Species Genes in Cord Blood IgE Response Modified by Maternal Atopy?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Although home renovation exposure during childhood has been identified as a risk factor for the development of allergy, there is limited information on the association between prenatal exposure to home renovation and cord blood (CB) IgE response. The aims of this study were to identify the effect of prenatal exposure to home renovation on CB IgE levels, and to investigate whether this exposure interacts with neonatal genes and whether the effect can be modified by maternal atopy.', 'This study included 1,002 mother-neonate pairs from the COhort for Childhood Origin of Asthma and allergic diseases (COCOA). Prenatal environmental factors were collected using a questionnaire. The levels of CB IgE were measured by the ImmunoCAP system, and DNA was extracted from CB.', 'Exposure to home renovation during the prenatal period was associated with significantly higher levels of CB IgE only in neonates from atopic mothers, and the effect of renovation exposure on CB IgE levels persisted from 31 months before birth. Furthermore, prenatal exposure to home renovation increased the risk of CB IgE response interacting with polymorphisms of NRF2 and GSTP1 genes only in neonates from atopic mothers.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': []}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,526,228 | Does neural Reactivity to Emotional Stimuli Prospectively predict the Impact of a Natural Disaster on Psychiatric Symptoms in Children? | {
"contexts": [
"Natural disasters expose entire communities to stress and trauma, leading to increased risk for psychiatric symptoms. Yet, the majority of exposed individuals are resilient, highlighting the importance of identifying underlying factors that contribute to outcomes.",
"The current study was part of a larger prospective study of children in Long Island, New York (n = 260). At age 9, children viewed unpleasant and pleasant images while the late positive potential (LPP), an event-related potential component that reflects sustained attention toward salient information, was measured. Following the event-related potential assessment, Hurricane Sandy, the second costliest hurricane in United States history, hit the region. Eight weeks after the hurricane, mothers reported on exposure to hurricane-related stress and children's internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Symptoms were reassessed 8 months after the hurricane.",
"The LPP predicted both internalizing and externalizing symptoms after accounting for prehurricane symptomatology and interacted with stress to predict externalizing symptoms. Among children exposed to higher levels of hurricane-related stress, enhanced neural reactivity to unpleasant images predicted greater externalizing symptoms 8 weeks after the disaster, while greater neural reactivity to pleasant images predicted lower externalizing symptoms. Moreover, interactions between the LPP and stress continued to predict externalizing symptoms 8 months after the hurricane."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Brain Mapping",
"Child",
"Disasters",
"Disease Susceptibility",
"Electroencephalography",
"Emotions",
"Evoked Potentials",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Mental Disorders",
"New York City",
"Predictive Value of Tests",
"Prospective Studies",
"Risk Factors",
"Surveys and Questionnaires"
]
} | Results indicate that heightened neural reactivity and attention toward unpleasant information, as measured by the LPP, predispose children to psychiatric symptoms when exposed to higher levels of stress related to natural disasters, while greater reactivity to and processing of pleasant information may be a protective factor. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does neural Reactivity to Emotional Stimuli Prospectively predict the Impact of a Natural Disaster on Psychiatric Symptoms in Children?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Natural disasters expose entire communities to stress and trauma, leading to increased risk for psychiatric symptoms. Yet, the majority of exposed individuals are resilient, highlighting the importance of identifying underlying factors that contribute to outcomes.', \"The current study was part of a larger prospective study of children in Long Island, New York (n = 260). At age 9, children viewed unpleasant and pleasant images while the late positive potential (LPP), an event-related potential component that reflects sustained attention toward salient information, was measured. Following the event-related potential assessment, Hurricane Sandy, the second costliest hurricane in United States history, hit the region. Eight weeks after the hurricane, mothers reported on exposure to hurricane-related stress and children's internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Symptoms were reassessed 8 months after the hurricane.\", 'The LPP predicted both internalizing and externalizing symptoms after accounting for prehurricane symptomatology and interacted with stress to predict externalizing symptoms. Among children exposed to higher levels of hurricane-related stress, enhanced neural reactivity to unpleasant images predicted greater externalizing symptoms 8 weeks after the disaster, while greater neural reactivity to pleasant images predicted lower externalizing symptoms. Moreover, interactions between the LPP and stress continued to predict externalizing symptoms 8 months after the hurricane.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Brain Mapping', 'Child', 'Disasters', 'Disease Susceptibility', 'Electroencephalography', 'Emotions', 'Evoked Potentials', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mental Disorders', 'New York City', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Prospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,529,331 | Does hydrogen Sulfide alleviate Peritoneal Fibrosis via Attenuating Inflammation and TGF-β1 Synthesis? | {
"contexts": [
"Peritoneal fibrosis is one of the long-term complications in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Recent evidences have suggested that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is beneficial in treating various fibrotic diseases, including pulmonary fibrosis, cirrhosis, kidney fibrosis and cardiac hypertrophy. However, no information is known about the effect of H2S on peritoneal fibrosis. In the present study, we investigated the effect of H2S on peritoneal fibrosis and explored its potential mechanisms.",
"We developed a model of peritoneal fibrosis by intraperitoneally injecting 4.25%-glucose PD fluids and lipopolysaccharide to Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats received daily intraperitoneal injections of NaHS (56 μg/kg), an H2S donor. After 28 days, the peritoneal equilibration test (PET) was used to assess peritoneal function. At the end of dialysis, the rats were killed and parietal peritoneum was harvested for microscopic examination and immunohistochemistry.",
"On the 28th day, the parietal peritoneum of the PD rats markedly thickened as a result of increased depositions of type III collagen and fibronectin. Moreover, the number of ED-1-positive cells and the expressions of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), α-smooth muscle actin and CD31 were significantly increased in the fibrotic peritoneum. Administration of NaHS markedly decreased the biomarkers of inflammation, fibrosis and angiogenesis in the peritoneum. NaHS also improved peritoneal function assessed by PET."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Actins",
"Animals",
"Chemokine CCL2",
"Collagen Type III",
"Dialysis",
"Fibronectins",
"Hydrogen Sulfide",
"Inflammation",
"Injections, Intraperitoneal",
"Lipopolysaccharides",
"Male",
"Peritoneal Fibrosis",
"Peritonitis",
"Rats",
"Rats, Sprague-Dawley",
"Transforming Growth Factor beta1"
]
} | Exogenous H2S ameliorates the pathologic process of peritonitis via attenuating inflammatory events and TGF-β1 synthesis. These results suggest that H2S may be a potential therapy against peritoneal fibrosis during chronic PD. In the future, compounds releasing H2S at controlled rate will be assessed as potential candidates to treat peritoneal fibrosis. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does hydrogen Sulfide alleviate Peritoneal Fibrosis via Attenuating Inflammation and TGF-β1 Synthesis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Peritoneal fibrosis is one of the long-term complications in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Recent evidences have suggested that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is beneficial in treating various fibrotic diseases, including pulmonary fibrosis, cirrhosis, kidney fibrosis and cardiac hypertrophy. However, no information is known about the effect of H2S on peritoneal fibrosis. In the present study, we investigated the effect of H2S on peritoneal fibrosis and explored its potential mechanisms.', 'We developed a model of peritoneal fibrosis by intraperitoneally injecting 4.25%-glucose PD fluids and lipopolysaccharide to Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats received daily intraperitoneal injections of NaHS (56 μg/kg), an H2S donor. After 28 days, the peritoneal equilibration test (PET) was used to assess peritoneal function. At the end of dialysis, the rats were killed and parietal peritoneum was harvested for microscopic examination and immunohistochemistry.', 'On the 28th day, the parietal peritoneum of the PD rats markedly thickened as a result of increased depositions of type III collagen and fibronectin. Moreover, the number of ED-1-positive cells and the expressions of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), α-smooth muscle actin and CD31 were significantly increased in the fibrotic peritoneum. Administration of NaHS markedly decreased the biomarkers of inflammation, fibrosis and angiogenesis in the peritoneum. NaHS also improved peritoneal function assessed by PET.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Actins', 'Animals', 'Chemokine CCL2', 'Collagen Type III', 'Dialysis', 'Fibronectins', 'Hydrogen Sulfide', 'Inflammation', 'Injections, Intraperitoneal', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Male', 'Peritoneal Fibrosis', 'Peritonitis', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Transforming Growth Factor beta1']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,552,238 | Does [ Programmed death ligand 1 negatively regulate inflammatory response of chronic periodontitis ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate whether programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expressed in the periodontal tissue of chronic periodontitis and the correlativity of PD-L1 and different degrees of chronic periodontitis, provide experience for immunoregulation mechanism, clinical treatment and prognosis of chronic periodontitis.",
"Gingiva and periodontal tissue of healthy people and chronic periodontitis patients were collected. Based on clinical probing, periodontal tissue were classified into three groups: periodontal tissues of healthy people, periodontal tissue of mild chronic periodontitis, periodontal tissue of severe chronic periodontitis. Fluorescent quantitation polymerase chain reaction was applied to explore the expression of PD-L1 mRNA in the periodontal tissue of the different groups. Western blot and immunohistochemistry method were utilized to test the expression of PD-L1 protein in the periodontal tissue of the different groups. Combining with clinical image data, the relationship between differentially expressions of PD-L1 and different degrees of chronic periodontitis was analyzed.",
"The relative expression quantity of PD-L1 in the periodontal tissue of the mild chronic periodontitis was significantly higher that of the severe chronic periodontitis (P<0.01). The relative expression quantity of PD-L1 in the periodontal tissue of healthy subjects and severe chronic periodontitis had no statistical significance (P>0.05)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"B7-H1 Antigen",
"Chronic Periodontitis",
"Gingiva",
"Humans",
"Polymerase Chain Reaction",
"RNA, Messenger"
]
} | The expression of PD-L1 in the periodontal tissue negativelv regulates inflammatory periodontal tissue damage. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does [ Programmed death ligand 1 negatively regulate inflammatory response of chronic periodontitis ]?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To investigate whether programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expressed in the periodontal tissue of chronic periodontitis and the correlativity of PD-L1 and different degrees of chronic periodontitis, provide experience for immunoregulation mechanism, clinical treatment and prognosis of chronic periodontitis.', 'Gingiva and periodontal tissue of healthy people and chronic periodontitis patients were collected. Based on clinical probing, periodontal tissue were classified into three groups: periodontal tissues of healthy people, periodontal tissue of mild chronic periodontitis, periodontal tissue of severe chronic periodontitis. Fluorescent quantitation polymerase chain reaction was applied to explore the expression of PD-L1 mRNA in the periodontal tissue of the different groups. Western blot and immunohistochemistry method were utilized to test the expression of PD-L1 protein in the periodontal tissue of the different groups. Combining with clinical image data, the relationship between differentially expressions of PD-L1 and different degrees of chronic periodontitis was analyzed.', 'The relative expression quantity of PD-L1 in the periodontal tissue of the mild chronic periodontitis was significantly higher that of the severe chronic periodontitis (P<0.01). The relative expression quantity of PD-L1 in the periodontal tissue of healthy subjects and severe chronic periodontitis had no statistical significance (P>0.05).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['B7-H1 Antigen', 'Chronic Periodontitis', 'Gingiva', 'Humans', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'RNA, Messenger']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,537,893 | Does executive Functioning predict Academic But Not Social Adjustment to University? | {
"contexts": [
"Adjusting well academically and socially has been associated with enhanced academic performance and student retention. The purpose of this study was to examine subthreshold levels of ADHD symptoms such as inattention, hyperactivity, and executive functioning as potential predictors of academic and social adjustment in a healthy sample of university students.",
"Participants were 135 undergraduate university students who completed self-report questionnaires.",
"Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that metacognition (an aspect of executive function), gender, and age were significant predictors of academic adjustment beyond hyperactivity, inattention, and depression. Depression was the only significant predictor of social adjustment."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": []
} | The BASC-College form may identify depression symptoms predictive of social adjustment, but symptoms of inattention or hyperactivity are not sufficiently sensitive to predict academic adjustment. Measures of executive function that include metacognition such as the BRIEF-A may be most promising in identifying skills predictive of academic adjustment. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does executive Functioning predict Academic But Not Social Adjustment to University?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Adjusting well academically and socially has been associated with enhanced academic performance and student retention. The purpose of this study was to examine subthreshold levels of ADHD symptoms such as inattention, hyperactivity, and executive functioning as potential predictors of academic and social adjustment in a healthy sample of university students.', 'Participants were 135 undergraduate university students who completed self-report questionnaires.', 'Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that metacognition (an aspect of executive function), gender, and age were significant predictors of academic adjustment beyond hyperactivity, inattention, and depression. Depression was the only significant predictor of social adjustment.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': []}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,535,230 | Is rotator Cuff Weakness a Risk Factor for First-Time Anterior Glenohumeral Instability? | {
"contexts": [
"Shoulder instability is a common problem in young athletes and can lead to pain and decreased ability to participate in high-level activities. Little is known about the modifiable risk factors for glenohumeral joint instability.",
"Isometric shoulder strength at baseline would be a modifiable risk factor associated with subsequent first-time anterior instability events.",
"Cohort study.",
"Study participants were freshmen entering the United States Military Academy in June 2006. All participants completed bilateral isometric strength evaluations with a hand-held dynamometer at baseline upon entry into the study. Variables measured included internal and external rotation at 0° (IR0, ER0) and internal and external rotation at 45° of abduction (IR45, ER45). All subjects were followed for subsequent glenohumeral joint instability events until graduation in May 2010. Independent t tests were used to analyze the data.",
"Baseline strength data were available for 1316 shoulders with no prior history of instability, of which 26 went on to have an acute first-time anterior shoulder instability event while the individuals were at the academy. There were no significant differences in mean strength between shoulders that did not go on to develop instability (uninjured; n = 1290) and those that did develop anterior instability (injured; n = 26). The mean strength values in pounds of force for uninjured and injured shoulders, respectively, were as follows: IR0 (49.80 vs 49.29; P = .88), ER0 (35.58 vs 33.66; P = .27), IR45 (47.38 vs 46.93; P = .88), and ER45 (40.08 vs 38.98; P = .59)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": []
} | No association was found between isometric shoulder strength measures at baseline and subsequent first-time anterior glenohumeral joint instability within the high-risk athletic population studied in this prospective cohort. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is rotator Cuff Weakness a Risk Factor for First-Time Anterior Glenohumeral Instability?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Shoulder instability is a common problem in young athletes and can lead to pain and decreased ability to participate in high-level activities. Little is known about the modifiable risk factors for glenohumeral joint instability.', 'Isometric shoulder strength at baseline would be a modifiable risk factor associated with subsequent first-time anterior instability events.', 'Cohort study.', 'Study participants were freshmen entering the United States Military Academy in June 2006. All participants completed bilateral isometric strength evaluations with a hand-held dynamometer at baseline upon entry into the study. Variables measured included internal and external rotation at 0° (IR0, ER0) and internal and external rotation at 45° of abduction (IR45, ER45). All subjects were followed for subsequent glenohumeral joint instability events until graduation in May 2010. Independent t tests were used to analyze the data.', 'Baseline strength data were available for 1316 shoulders with no prior history of instability, of which 26 went on to have an acute first-time anterior shoulder instability event while the individuals were at the academy. There were no significant differences in mean strength between shoulders that did not go on to develop instability (uninjured; n = 1290) and those that did develop anterior instability (injured; n = 26). The mean strength values in pounds of force for uninjured and injured shoulders, respectively, were as follows: IR0 (49.80 vs 49.29; P = .88), ER0 (35.58 vs 33.66; P = .27), IR45 (47.38 vs 46.93; P = .88), and ER45 (40.08 vs 38.98; P = .59).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': []}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
26,536,571 | Does andrographolide attenuate LPS-Induced Cardiac Malfunctions Through Inhibition of IκB Phosphorylation and Apoptosis in Mice? | {
"contexts": [
"Cardiac malfunction is a common complication in sepsis and significantly increases the mortality of patients in septic shock. However, no studies have examined whether andrographolide (And) reduces LPS-induced myocardial malfunction.",
"Left ventricular systolic and diastolic functions were examined using echocardiography. TNF-α and IL-1β protein levels were detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). NO oxidation products were determined using Griess reagent. Protein expression levels of inhibitors of NF-κBα (IκB) and phospho-IκB were determined via Western blot. Oxidative injury was determined by measuring myocardial lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase activity. Cardiac apoptosis was examined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nickend-labeling (TUNEL) and cardiac caspase 3/7 activity.",
"And blunted LPS-induced myocardial malfunctions in mice. LPS induced TNF-α, IL-1β, and NO production as well as I-κB phosphorylation. Cardiac apoptosis was attenuated via incubation with And, but the extent of oxidative injury remained unaffected."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Apoptosis",
"Caspase 3",
"Caspase 7",
"Diterpenes",
"Echocardiography",
"Heart",
"I-kappa B Proteins",
"Interleukin-1beta",
"Lipid Peroxidation",
"Lipopolysaccharides",
"Male",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred BALB C",
"Myocardium",
"Nitric Oxide",
"Phosphorylation",
"Superoxide Dismutase",
"Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha",
"Ventricular Function, Left"
]
} | And prevents LPS-induced cardiac malfunctions in mice by inhibiting TNF-α, IL-1β, and NO production, IκB phosphorylation, and cardiac apoptosis, indicating that And may be a potential agent for preventing myocardial malfunction during sepsis. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does andrographolide attenuate LPS-Induced Cardiac Malfunctions Through Inhibition of IκB Phosphorylation and Apoptosis in Mice?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Cardiac malfunction is a common complication in sepsis and significantly increases the mortality of patients in septic shock. However, no studies have examined whether andrographolide (And) reduces LPS-induced myocardial malfunction.', 'Left ventricular systolic and diastolic functions were examined using echocardiography. TNF-α and IL-1β protein levels were detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). NO oxidation products were determined using Griess reagent. Protein expression levels of inhibitors of NF-κBα (IκB) and phospho-IκB were determined via Western blot. Oxidative injury was determined by measuring myocardial lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase activity. Cardiac apoptosis was examined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nickend-labeling (TUNEL) and cardiac caspase 3/7 activity.', 'And blunted LPS-induced myocardial malfunctions in mice. LPS induced TNF-α, IL-1β, and NO production as well as I-κB phosphorylation. Cardiac apoptosis was attenuated via incubation with And, but the extent of oxidative injury remained unaffected.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Caspase 3', 'Caspase 7', 'Diterpenes', 'Echocardiography', 'Heart', 'I-kappa B Proteins', 'Interleukin-1beta', 'Lipid Peroxidation', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Myocardium', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Phosphorylation', 'Superoxide Dismutase', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha', 'Ventricular Function, Left']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,539,364 | Do hematoxylin and eosin stain shows a high sensitivity but sub-optimal specificity in demonstrating iron pigment in liver biopsies? | {
"contexts": [
"Perls' stain is routinely used to demonstrate iron in liver biopsies. We tested the hypothesis that it may be unnecessary in cases, where no iron or another similar pigment was seen on the routine hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) stained section.",
"The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of H and E stain in demonstrating iron in liver biopsies as well as to determine the possibility of replacing Perls' stain with H and E stain.",
"Two hundred pairs of slides of liver biopsies were taken from the archival files of the Department of Pathology from 2006 to 2011. Perls' and H and E slides were independently reviewed for the presence of iron.",
"Hundred and one cases showed the presence of iron using H and E stain. 84 of 86 cases showed positive iron using both Perls' and H and E stains. Seventeen cases were positive using H and E stain but negative with Perls'. Only two cases did not show the presence of iron using H and E stain. Ninety-seven cases were negative using both Perls' and H and E stains. H and E stain showed a sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive valve, and negative predictive value of 97.67%, 85.08%, 90.5%, 83.16%, and 97.98%, respectively."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": []
} | We demonstrate that the H and E stain is a sensitive method to detect iron pigment in liver biopsies, particularly when present in large quantities. A negative H and E stain might obviate the need for extra Perls' staining, thus saving costs and shortening report turn-around times. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do hematoxylin and eosin stain shows a high sensitivity but sub-optimal specificity in demonstrating iron pigment in liver biopsies?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"Perls' stain is routinely used to demonstrate iron in liver biopsies. We tested the hypothesis that it may be unnecessary in cases, where no iron or another similar pigment was seen on the routine hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) stained section.\", \"The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of H and E stain in demonstrating iron in liver biopsies as well as to determine the possibility of replacing Perls' stain with H and E stain.\", \"Two hundred pairs of slides of liver biopsies were taken from the archival files of the Department of Pathology from 2006 to 2011. Perls' and H and E slides were independently reviewed for the presence of iron.\", \"Hundred and one cases showed the presence of iron using H and E stain. 84 of 86 cases showed positive iron using both Perls' and H and E stains. Seventeen cases were positive using H and E stain but negative with Perls'. Only two cases did not show the presence of iron using H and E stain. Ninety-seven cases were negative using both Perls' and H and E stains. H and E stain showed a sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive valve, and negative predictive value of 97.67%, 85.08%, 90.5%, 83.16%, and 97.98%, respectively.\"], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': []}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,538,092 | Is aIP1 a novel Agenet/Tudor domain protein from Arabidopsis that interacts with regulators of DNA replication , transcription and chromatin remodeling? | {
"contexts": [
"DNA replication and transcription are dynamic processes regulating plant development that are dependent on the chromatin accessibility. Proteins belonging to the Agenet/Tudor domain family are known as histone modification \"readers\" and classified as chromatin remodeling proteins. Histone modifications and chromatin remodeling have profound effects on gene expression as well as on DNA replication, but how these processes are integrated has not been completely elucidated. It is clear that members of the Agenet/Tudor family are important regulators of development playing roles not well known in plants.",
"Bioinformatics and phylogenetic analyses of the Agenet/Tudor Family domain in the plant kingdom were carried out with sequences from available complete genomes databases. 3D structure predictions of Agenet/Tudor domains were calculated by I-TASSER server. Protein interactions were tested in two-hybrid, GST pulldown, semi-in vivo pulldown and Tandem Affinity Purification assays. Gene function was studied in a T-DNA insertion GABI-line.",
"In the present work we analyzed the family of Agenet/Tudor domain proteins in the plant kingdom and we mapped the organization of this family throughout plant evolution. Furthermore, we characterized a member from Arabidopsis thaliana named AIP1 that harbors Agenet/Tudor and DUF724 domains. AIP1 interacts with ABAP1, a plant regulator of DNA replication licensing and gene transcription, with a plant histone modification \"reader\" (LHP1) and with non modified histones. AIP1 is expressed in reproductive tissues and its down-regulation delays flower development timing. Also, expression of ABAP1 and LHP1 target genes were repressed in flower buds of plants with reduced levels of AIP1."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Arabidopsis",
"Arabidopsis Proteins",
"Armadillo Domain Proteins",
"Carrier Proteins",
"Chromatin",
"Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly",
"Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone",
"DNA Replication",
"DNA, Plant",
"Gene Expression Regulation, Plant",
"Transcription, Genetic"
]
} | AIP1 is a novel Agenet/Tudor domain protein in plants that could act as a link between DNA replication, transcription and chromatin remodeling during flower development. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is aIP1 a novel Agenet/Tudor domain protein from Arabidopsis that interacts with regulators of DNA replication , transcription and chromatin remodeling?\nContext: {'contexts': ['DNA replication and transcription are dynamic processes regulating plant development that are dependent on the chromatin accessibility. Proteins belonging to the Agenet/Tudor domain family are known as histone modification \"readers\" and classified as chromatin remodeling proteins. Histone modifications and chromatin remodeling have profound effects on gene expression as well as on DNA replication, but how these processes are integrated has not been completely elucidated. It is clear that members of the Agenet/Tudor family are important regulators of development playing roles not well known in plants.', 'Bioinformatics and phylogenetic analyses of the Agenet/Tudor Family domain in the plant kingdom were carried out with sequences from available complete genomes databases. 3D structure predictions of Agenet/Tudor domains were calculated by I-TASSER server. Protein interactions were tested in two-hybrid, GST pulldown, semi-in vivo pulldown and Tandem Affinity Purification assays. Gene function was studied in a T-DNA insertion GABI-line.', 'In the present work we analyzed the family of Agenet/Tudor domain proteins in the plant kingdom and we mapped the organization of this family throughout plant evolution. Furthermore, we characterized a member from Arabidopsis thaliana named AIP1 that harbors Agenet/Tudor and DUF724 domains. AIP1 interacts with ABAP1, a plant regulator of DNA replication licensing and gene transcription, with a plant histone modification \"reader\" (LHP1) and with non modified histones. AIP1 is expressed in reproductive tissues and its down-regulation delays flower development timing. Also, expression of ABAP1 and LHP1 target genes were repressed in flower buds of plants with reduced levels of AIP1.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Arabidopsis', 'Arabidopsis Proteins', 'Armadillo Domain Proteins', 'Carrier Proteins', 'Chromatin', 'Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly', 'Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone', 'DNA Replication', 'DNA, Plant', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Plant', 'Transcription, Genetic']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,554,585 | Does a Naturally Occurring rev1-vpu Fusion Gene Confer a Fitness Advantage to HIV-1? | {
"contexts": [
"Pandemic strains of HIV-1 (group M) encode a total of nine structural (gag, pol, env), regulatory (rev, tat) and accessory (vif, vpr, vpu, nef) genes. However, some subtype A and C viruses exhibit an unusual gene arrangement in which the first exon of rev (rev1) and the vpu gene are placed in the same open reading frame. Although this rev1-vpu gene fusion is present in a considerable fraction of HIV-1 strains, its functional significance is unknown.",
"Examining infectious molecular clones (IMCs) of HIV-1 that encode the rev1-vpu polymorphism, we show that a fusion protein is expressed in infected cells. Due to the splicing pattern of viral mRNA, however, these same IMCs also express a regular Vpu protein, which is produced at much higher levels. To investigate the function of the fusion gene, we characterized isogenic IMC pairs differing only in their ability to express a Rev1-Vpu protein. Analysis in transfected HEK293T and infected CD4+ T cells showed that all of these viruses were equally active in known Vpu functions, such as down-modulation of CD4 or counteraction of tetherin. Furthermore, the polymorphism did not affect Vpu-mediated inhibition of NF-кB activation or Rev-dependent nuclear export of incompletely spliced viral mRNAs. There was also no evidence for enhanced replication of Rev1-Vpu expressing viruses in primary PBMCs or ex vivo infected human lymphoid tissues. Finally, the frequency of HIV-1 quasispecies members that encoded a rev1-vpu fusion gene did not change in HIV-1 infected individuals over time."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Gene Expression Regulation, Viral",
"Gene Fusion",
"HEK293 Cells",
"HIV-1",
"Human Immunodeficiency Virus Proteins",
"Humans",
"RNA, Viral",
"Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins",
"rev Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus"
]
} | Expression of a rev1-vpu fusion gene does not affect regular Rev and Vpu functions or alter HIV-1 replication in primary target cells. Since there is no evidence for increased replication fitness of rev1-vpu encoding viruses, this polymorphism likely emerged in the context of other mutations within and/or outside the rev1-vpu intergenic region, and may have a neutral phenotype. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does a Naturally Occurring rev1-vpu Fusion Gene Confer a Fitness Advantage to HIV-1?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Pandemic strains of HIV-1 (group M) encode a total of nine structural (gag, pol, env), regulatory (rev, tat) and accessory (vif, vpr, vpu, nef) genes. However, some subtype A and C viruses exhibit an unusual gene arrangement in which the first exon of rev (rev1) and the vpu gene are placed in the same open reading frame. Although this rev1-vpu gene fusion is present in a considerable fraction of HIV-1 strains, its functional significance is unknown.', 'Examining infectious molecular clones (IMCs) of HIV-1 that encode the rev1-vpu polymorphism, we show that a fusion protein is expressed in infected cells. Due to the splicing pattern of viral mRNA, however, these same IMCs also express a regular Vpu protein, which is produced at much higher levels. To investigate the function of the fusion gene, we characterized isogenic IMC pairs differing only in their ability to express a Rev1-Vpu protein. Analysis in transfected HEK293T and infected CD4+ T cells showed that all of these viruses were equally active in known Vpu functions, such as down-modulation of CD4 or counteraction of tetherin. Furthermore, the polymorphism did not affect Vpu-mediated inhibition of NF-кB activation or Rev-dependent nuclear export of incompletely spliced viral mRNAs. There was also no evidence for enhanced replication of Rev1-Vpu expressing viruses in primary PBMCs or ex vivo infected human lymphoid tissues. Finally, the frequency of HIV-1 quasispecies members that encoded a rev1-vpu fusion gene did not change in HIV-1 infected individuals over time.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Gene Expression Regulation, Viral', 'Gene Fusion', 'HEK293 Cells', 'HIV-1', 'Human Immunodeficiency Virus Proteins', 'Humans', 'RNA, Viral', 'Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins', 'rev Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
26,549,840 | Does multiple Intercostal Space Electrocardiogram allow Accurate Localization of Outflow Tract Ventricular Arrhythmia Origin? | {
"contexts": [
"Multiple intercostal recordings were supposed to get a more comprehensive view of the depolarization vector of the outflow tract ventricular arrhythmia (OT-VA), which may help to identify the OT-VA more accurately. This study was undertaken to develop a more accurate electrocardiogram (ECG) criterion for differentiating between left and right OT-VA origins.",
"We studied OT-VA with a left bundle branch block pattern and inferior axis QRS morphology in 47 patients with successful catheter ablation in the right ventricular OT (RVOT; n = 37) or aortic coronary cusp (ACC; n = 10). Superior and inferior precordial leads were taken together with the routine 12-lead ECG. The ECG during the OT-VA and during sinus beats were analyzed. Transition ratio, transition zone (TZ) index, R/S amplitude ratio, and R-wave duration ratio were measured in the regular, superior, and inferior precordial leads.",
"The combined TZ index, TZ index inferior was significantly smaller, while the V2 inferior transition ratio was significantly larger for ACC origins than RVOT origins (P < 0.05). The area under the curve for the combined TZ index by a receiver operating characteristic analysis was 0.974, which was significantly larger than other parameters. A cutoff value ≤0.25 predicted an ACC origin with 94% sensitivity and 100% specificity. This advantage of the parameter over others also held true for a subanalysis of OT-VAs with a lead V3 precordial transition or TZ index = 0."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Arrhythmias, Cardiac",
"Bundle-Branch Block",
"Catheter Ablation",
"Diagnosis, Differential",
"Electrocardiography",
"Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac",
"Female",
"Heart Ventricles",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Prospective Studies",
"Treatment Outcome"
]
} | The combined TZ index outperformed other ECG criteria to differentiate left from right OT-VA origins. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does multiple Intercostal Space Electrocardiogram allow Accurate Localization of Outflow Tract Ventricular Arrhythmia Origin?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Multiple intercostal recordings were supposed to get a more comprehensive view of the depolarization vector of the outflow tract ventricular arrhythmia (OT-VA), which may help to identify the OT-VA more accurately. This study was undertaken to develop a more accurate electrocardiogram (ECG) criterion for differentiating between left and right OT-VA origins.', 'We studied OT-VA with a left bundle branch block pattern and inferior axis QRS morphology in 47 patients with successful catheter ablation in the right ventricular OT (RVOT; n = 37) or aortic coronary cusp (ACC; n = 10). Superior and inferior precordial leads were taken together with the routine 12-lead ECG. The ECG during the OT-VA and during sinus beats were analyzed. Transition ratio, transition zone (TZ) index, R/S amplitude ratio, and R-wave duration ratio were measured in the regular, superior, and inferior precordial leads.', 'The combined TZ index, TZ index inferior was significantly smaller, while the V2 inferior transition ratio was significantly larger for ACC origins than RVOT origins (P < 0.05). The area under the curve for the combined TZ index by a receiver operating characteristic analysis was 0.974, which was significantly larger than other parameters. A cutoff value ≤0.25 predicted an ACC origin with 94% sensitivity and 100% specificity. This advantage of the parameter over others also held true for a subanalysis of OT-VAs with a lead V3 precordial transition or TZ index = 0.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Arrhythmias, Cardiac', 'Bundle-Branch Block', 'Catheter Ablation', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Electrocardiography', 'Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac', 'Female', 'Heart Ventricles', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prospective Studies', 'Treatment Outcome']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,536,615 | Does exenatide facilitate Recovery from Oxaliplatin-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Rats? | {
"contexts": [
"Oxaliplatin has widely been used as a key drug in the treatment of colorectal cancer; however, it causes peripheral neuropathy. Exenatide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonist, is an incretin mimetic secreted from ileal L cells, which is clinically used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus. GLP-1 receptor agonists have been reported to exhibit neuroprotective effects on the central and peripheral nervous systems. In this study, we investigated the effects of exenatide on oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy in rats and cultured cells.",
"Oxaliplatin (4 mg/kg) was administered intravenously twice per week for 4 weeks, and mechanical allodynia was evaluated using the von Frey test in rats. Axonal degeneration was assessed by toluidine blue staining of sciatic nerves.",
"Repeated administration of oxaliplatin caused mechanical allodynia from day 14 to 49. Although the co-administration of extended-release exenatide (100 μg/kg) could not inhibit the incidence of oxaliplatin-induced mechanical allodynia, it facilitated recovery from the oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy with reparation of axonal degeneration. Inhibition of neurite outgrowth was evaluated in cultured pheochromocytoma 12 (PC12) cells. Exenatide inhibited oxaliplatin-induced neurite degeneration, but did not affect oxaliplatin-induced cell injury in cultured PC12 cells. Additionally, extended-release exenatide had no effect on the anti-tumor activity of oxaliplatin in cultured murine colon adenocarcinoma 26 (C-26) cells or C-26 cell-implanted mice."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adenocarcinoma",
"Animals",
"Antineoplastic Agents",
"Cell Survival",
"Colonic Neoplasms",
"Exenatide",
"Hyperalgesia",
"Hypoglycemic Agents",
"Male",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred BALB C",
"Neurites",
"Organoplatinum Compounds",
"Oxaliplatin",
"PC12 Cells",
"Peptides",
"Peripheral Nervous System Diseases",
"Rats",
"Rats, Sprague-Dawley",
"Sciatic Nerve",
"Venoms"
]
} | These results suggest that exenatide may be useful for treating peripheral neuropathy induced by oxaliplatin in colorectal cancer patients with type 2 diabetes. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does exenatide facilitate Recovery from Oxaliplatin-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Rats?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Oxaliplatin has widely been used as a key drug in the treatment of colorectal cancer; however, it causes peripheral neuropathy. Exenatide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonist, is an incretin mimetic secreted from ileal L cells, which is clinically used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus. GLP-1 receptor agonists have been reported to exhibit neuroprotective effects on the central and peripheral nervous systems. In this study, we investigated the effects of exenatide on oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy in rats and cultured cells.', 'Oxaliplatin (4 mg/kg) was administered intravenously twice per week for 4 weeks, and mechanical allodynia was evaluated using the von Frey test in rats. Axonal degeneration was assessed by toluidine blue staining of sciatic nerves.', 'Repeated administration of oxaliplatin caused mechanical allodynia from day 14 to 49. Although the co-administration of extended-release exenatide (100 μg/kg) could not inhibit the incidence of oxaliplatin-induced mechanical allodynia, it facilitated recovery from the oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy with reparation of axonal degeneration. Inhibition of neurite outgrowth was evaluated in cultured pheochromocytoma 12 (PC12) cells. Exenatide inhibited oxaliplatin-induced neurite degeneration, but did not affect oxaliplatin-induced cell injury in cultured PC12 cells. Additionally, extended-release exenatide had no effect on the anti-tumor activity of oxaliplatin in cultured murine colon adenocarcinoma 26 (C-26) cells or C-26 cell-implanted mice.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adenocarcinoma', 'Animals', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Cell Survival', 'Colonic Neoplasms', 'Exenatide', 'Hyperalgesia', 'Hypoglycemic Agents', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Neurites', 'Organoplatinum Compounds', 'Oxaliplatin', 'PC12 Cells', 'Peptides', 'Peripheral Nervous System Diseases', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Sciatic Nerve', 'Venoms']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,526,964 | Are high homocysteine , low vitamin B-6 , and increased oxidative stress independently associated with the risk of chronic kidney disease? | {
"contexts": [
"Hyperhomocysteinemia, increased oxidative stress, and decreased antioxidant defense function have been found to be associated with the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Deficiencies of folate and vitamin B-6 (pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, PLP) may cause hyperhomocysteinemia and increased oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to determine the associations among homocysteine, folate, PLP, oxidative stress indicator, and antioxidant capacities in patients with stage 2 to 3 CKD, and to further analyze these relationships with respect to risk for CKD.",
"Ninety-seven patients with CKD and 135 healthy subjects were recruited.",
"Patients with CKD had significantly higher levels of malondialdehyde and total antioxidant capacities, but had significantly lower antioxidant enzyme activities compared with healthy subjects. Serum folate but not plasma PLP was significantly negatively associated with plasma homocysteine. There were no significant associations of homocysteine, PLP, and folate with oxidative stress indicator and antioxidant capacities. High homocysteine (odds ratio [OR] = 1.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-1.22) and malondialdehyde (OR = 34.24; 95% CI, 4.44-264.40) level increased the risk of CKD, whereas high plasma PLP (OR = 0.98; 95% CI, 0.97-0.99) and superoxide dismutase activity (OR = 0.82; 95% CI, 0.74-0.91) decreased the risk of CKD after adjusting all potential confounders."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Antioxidants",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Female",
"Folic Acid Deficiency",
"Homocysteine",
"Humans",
"Hyperhomocysteinemia",
"Male",
"Malondialdehyde",
"Middle Aged",
"Oxidative Stress",
"Pyridoxal Phosphate",
"Renal Insufficiency, Chronic",
"Risk Factors",
"Superoxide Dismutase",
"Vitamin B 6",
"Vitamin B 6 Deficiency"
]
} | High homocysteine, low PLP, increased oxidative stress, and decreased antioxidant enzyme activity (superoxide dismutase activity) were independent contributing factors in the development of early stage CKD. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are high homocysteine , low vitamin B-6 , and increased oxidative stress independently associated with the risk of chronic kidney disease?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"Hyperhomocysteinemia, increased oxidative stress, and decreased antioxidant defense function have been found to be associated with the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Deficiencies of folate and vitamin B-6 (pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, PLP) may cause hyperhomocysteinemia and increased oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to determine the associations among homocysteine, folate, PLP, oxidative stress indicator, and antioxidant capacities in patients with stage 2 to 3 CKD, and to further analyze these relationships with respect to risk for CKD.\", 'Ninety-seven patients with CKD and 135 healthy subjects were recruited.', 'Patients with CKD had significantly higher levels of malondialdehyde and total antioxidant capacities, but had significantly lower antioxidant enzyme activities compared with healthy subjects. Serum folate but not plasma PLP was significantly negatively associated with plasma homocysteine. There were no significant associations of homocysteine, PLP, and folate with oxidative stress indicator and antioxidant capacities. High homocysteine (odds ratio [OR] = 1.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-1.22) and malondialdehyde (OR = 34.24; 95% CI, 4.44-264.40) level increased the risk of CKD, whereas high plasma PLP (OR = 0.98; 95% CI, 0.97-0.99) and superoxide dismutase activity (OR = 0.82; 95% CI, 0.74-0.91) decreased the risk of CKD after adjusting all potential confounders.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Antioxidants', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Female', 'Folic Acid Deficiency', 'Homocysteine', 'Humans', 'Hyperhomocysteinemia', 'Male', 'Malondialdehyde', 'Middle Aged', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Pyridoxal Phosphate', 'Renal Insufficiency, Chronic', 'Risk Factors', 'Superoxide Dismutase', 'Vitamin B 6', 'Vitamin B 6 Deficiency']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,549,219 | Does dNA Methylation of MMP9 be Associated with High Levels of MMP-9 Messenger RNA in Periapical Inflammatory Lesions? | {
"contexts": [
"Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are the major class of enzymes responsible for degradation of extracellular matrix components and participate in the pathogenesis of periapical inflammatory lesions. MMP expression may be regulated by DNA methylation. The purpose of the present investigation was to analyze the expression of MMP2 and MMP9 in periapical granulomas and radicular cysts and to test the hypothesis that, in these lesions, their transcription may be modulated by DNA methylation.",
"Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction was used to evaluate the DNA methylation pattern of the MMP2 gene in 13 fresh periapical granuloma samples and 10 fresh radicular cyst samples. Restriction enzyme digestion was used to assess methylation of the MMP9 gene in 12 fresh periapical granuloma samples and 10 fresh radicular cyst samples. MMP2 and MMP9 messenger RNA transcript levels were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.",
"All periapical lesions and healthy mucosa samples showed partial methylation of the MMP2 gene; however, periapical granulomas showed higher MMP2 mRNA expression levels than healthy mucosa (P = .014). A higher unmethylated profile of the MMP9 gene was found in periapical granulomas and radicular cysts compared with healthy mucosa. In addition, higher MMP9 mRNA expression was observed in the periapical lesions compared with healthy tissues."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"DNA Methylation",
"Female",
"Granuloma",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Matrix Metalloproteinase 2",
"Matrix Metalloproteinase 9",
"Middle Aged",
"Periodontal Diseases",
"RNA, Messenger",
"Radicular Cyst",
"Young Adult"
]
} | The present study suggests that the unmethylated status of the MMP9 gene in periapical lesions may explain the observed up-regulation of messenger RNA transcription in these lesions. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does dNA Methylation of MMP9 be Associated with High Levels of MMP-9 Messenger RNA in Periapical Inflammatory Lesions?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are the major class of enzymes responsible for degradation of extracellular matrix components and participate in the pathogenesis of periapical inflammatory lesions. MMP expression may be regulated by DNA methylation. The purpose of the present investigation was to analyze the expression of MMP2 and MMP9 in periapical granulomas and radicular cysts and to test the hypothesis that, in these lesions, their transcription may be modulated by DNA methylation.', 'Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction was used to evaluate the DNA methylation pattern of the MMP2 gene in 13 fresh periapical granuloma samples and 10 fresh radicular cyst samples. Restriction enzyme digestion was used to assess methylation of the MMP9 gene in 12 fresh periapical granuloma samples and 10 fresh radicular cyst samples. MMP2 and MMP9 messenger RNA transcript levels were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.', 'All periapical lesions and healthy mucosa samples showed partial methylation of the MMP2 gene; however, periapical granulomas showed higher MMP2 mRNA expression levels than healthy mucosa (P\\xa0=\\xa0.014). A higher unmethylated profile of the MMP9 gene was found in periapical granulomas and radicular cysts compared with healthy mucosa. In addition, higher MMP9 mRNA expression was observed in the periapical lesions compared with healthy tissues.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'DNA Methylation', 'Female', 'Granuloma', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Matrix Metalloproteinase 2', 'Matrix Metalloproteinase 9', 'Middle Aged', 'Periodontal Diseases', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Radicular Cyst', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,543,603 | Does miR-132 inhibit lung cancer cell migration and invasion by targeting SOX4? | {
"contexts": [
"Multiple MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified in the development and progression of lung cancer. However, the expression and roles of miR-132 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain largely undefined. The aim of this study is to investigate the biological functions and its molecular mechanisms of miR-132 in human lung cancer cells.",
"miR-132 expression was measured in human lung cancer cell lines by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The cells migration and invasion ability were measured by wound healing assay and transwell assay. The influence of miR-132 on tumor progression in vivo was monitored using NSCLC xenografts in nude mice. The target gene of miR-132 was determined by luciferase assay and western blot.",
"The expression level of miR-132 was dramatically decreased in examined lung cancer cell lines. Then, we found that introduction of miR-132 significantly suppressed the migration and invasion of lung cancer cells in vitro. Besides, miR-132 overexpression could also inhibit tumor growth in the nude mice. Further studies indicated that the sex determining region Y-box 4 (SOX4) is a target gene of miR-132. SOX4 re-introduction could reverse the anti-invasion role of miR-132."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": []
} | Our finding provides new insight into the mechanism of NSCLC progression. Therapeutically, miR-132 may serve as a potential target in the treatment of human lung cancer. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does miR-132 inhibit lung cancer cell migration and invasion by targeting SOX4?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Multiple MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified in the development and progression of lung cancer. However, the expression and roles of miR-132 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain largely undefined. The aim of this study is to investigate the biological functions and its molecular mechanisms of miR-132 in human lung cancer cells.', 'miR-132 expression was measured in human lung cancer cell lines by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The cells migration and invasion ability were measured by wound healing assay and transwell assay. The influence of miR-132 on tumor progression in vivo was monitored using NSCLC xenografts in nude mice. The target gene of miR-132 was determined by luciferase assay and western blot.', 'The expression level of miR-132 was dramatically decreased in examined lung cancer cell lines. Then, we found that introduction of miR-132 significantly suppressed the migration and invasion of lung cancer cells in vitro. Besides, miR-132 overexpression could also inhibit tumor growth in the nude mice. Further studies indicated that the sex determining region Y-box 4 (SOX4) is a target gene of miR-132. SOX4 re-introduction could reverse the anti-invasion role of miR-132.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': []}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,543,604 | Is miR-1290 a potential prognostic biomarker in non-small cell lung cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"miR-1290 is a newly discovered microRNA (miRNA), and its role in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the expression levels of miR-1290 in NSCLC tissues and serum, and explore its associations with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of NSCLC patients.",
"A total of 33 pairs of tissues and 73 serum samples were obtained from NSCLC patients and expression levels of miR-1290 were detected by specific TaqMan qRT-PCR. The relationship between miR-1290 expression levels in NSCLC tissues and serum and clinicopathological characteristics was estimated respectively. The correlation between serum miR-1290 expression levels and overall survival of NSCLC patients was performed by Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards model.",
"We determined that miR-1290 expression levels were increased significantly in NSCLC tissues compared with non-tumor adjacent normal tissues, and higher miR-1290 expression levels were positively correlated with high tumor stage (P=0.004) and positive lymph node metastasis (P=0.013). Compared with benign lung disease and healthy controls, serum levels of NSCLC patients exhibited higher expression of miR-1290. Furthermore, the up-regulation of serum miR-1290 more frequently occurred in NSCLC patients with high TNM stage, positive lymph node metastasis (P=0.022 and P=0.024, respectively). Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that high serum miR-1290 expression levels predicted poor survival (P=0.022). Cox proportional hazards risk analysis indicated that miR-1290 was an independent prognostic factor for NSCLC."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": []
} | Our study suggests that miR-1290 is overexpressed in NSCLC, and serum miR-1290 may be used as a potential prognostic biomarker for NSCLC. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is miR-1290 a potential prognostic biomarker in non-small cell lung cancer?\nContext: {'contexts': ['miR-1290 is a newly discovered microRNA (miRNA), and its role in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the expression levels of miR-1290 in NSCLC tissues and serum, and explore its associations with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of NSCLC patients.', 'A total of 33 pairs of tissues and 73 serum samples were obtained from NSCLC patients and expression levels of miR-1290 were detected by specific TaqMan qRT-PCR. The relationship between miR-1290 expression levels in NSCLC tissues and serum and clinicopathological characteristics was estimated respectively. The correlation between serum miR-1290 expression levels and overall survival of NSCLC patients was performed by Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards model.', 'We determined that miR-1290 expression levels were increased significantly in NSCLC tissues compared with non-tumor adjacent normal tissues, and higher miR-1290 expression levels were positively correlated with high tumor stage (P=0.004) and positive lymph node metastasis (P=0.013). Compared with benign lung disease and healthy controls, serum levels of NSCLC patients exhibited higher expression of miR-1290. Furthermore, the up-regulation of serum miR-1290 more frequently occurred in NSCLC patients with high TNM stage, positive lymph node metastasis (P=0.022 and P=0.024, respectively). Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that high serum miR-1290 expression levels predicted poor survival (P=0.022). Cox proportional hazards risk analysis indicated that miR-1290 was an independent prognostic factor for NSCLC.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': []}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,542,751 | Are functional polymorphisms in the gene encoding macrophage migration inhibitory factor ( MIF ) associated with active pulmonary tuberculosis? | {
"contexts": [
"The role of the cytokine, macrophage migration inhibition factor (MIF) was assessed in tuberculosis. This case-control study investigated whether commonly occurring functional MIF polymorphisms are associated with active tuberculosis as well as with serum levels of MIF, IFN-γ and TNF-α.",
"Two MIF promoter polymorphisms, a functional -794 CATT5-8 microsatellite repeat (rs5844572) and a -173G/C single-nucleotide polymorphism (rs755622), were analysed by PCR and PCR-RFLP, respectively, in 47 patients and 50 healthy subjects. The mRNA level of MIF was performed by real-time PCR (RT-PCR), and MIF, IFN-γ and TNF-α serum levels were determined by ELISA.",
"A significant increase of MIF mRNA expression and MIF protein level were found in patients compared to healthy controls. Meanwhile, the increase of IFN-γ and TNF-α serum levels were confirmed. According to the profile of genetic model, a significant association was found of genotypes carrying the -794 CATT 7 or 8 and -173 C risk alleles with susceptibility to active tuberculosis and with a significant increase of MIF, IFN-γ and TNF-α."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Case-Control Studies",
"China",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Interferon-gamma",
"Intramolecular Oxidoreductases",
"Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors",
"Male",
"Microsatellite Repeats",
"Middle Aged",
"Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide",
"Tuberculosis, Pulmonary",
"Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha"
]
} | These data suggested a distinct genetic and immunopathogenic basis for tuberculosis at the MIF locus. Serum MIF, IFN-γ and TNF-α profiles distinguish tuberculosis from the more inflammatory phenotype and may play a role in pathogenesis and as biomarkers of active tuberculosis. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are functional polymorphisms in the gene encoding macrophage migration inhibitory factor ( MIF ) associated with active pulmonary tuberculosis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The role of the cytokine, macrophage migration inhibition factor (MIF) was assessed in tuberculosis. This case-control study investigated whether commonly occurring functional MIF polymorphisms are associated with active tuberculosis as well as with serum levels of MIF, IFN-γ and TNF-α.', 'Two MIF promoter polymorphisms, a functional -794 CATT5-8 microsatellite repeat (rs5844572) and a -173G/C single-nucleotide polymorphism (rs755622), were analysed by PCR and PCR-RFLP, respectively, in 47 patients and 50 healthy subjects. The mRNA level of MIF was performed by real-time PCR (RT-PCR), and MIF, IFN-γ and TNF-α serum levels were determined by ELISA.', 'A significant increase of MIF mRNA expression and MIF protein level were found in patients compared to healthy controls. Meanwhile, the increase of IFN-γ and TNF-α serum levels were confirmed. According to the profile of genetic model, a significant association was found of genotypes carrying the -794 CATT 7 or 8 and -173 C risk alleles with susceptibility to active tuberculosis and with a significant increase of MIF, IFN-γ and TNF-α.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Case-Control Studies', 'China', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Interferon-gamma', 'Intramolecular Oxidoreductases', 'Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors', 'Male', 'Microsatellite Repeats', 'Middle Aged', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Tuberculosis, Pulmonary', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,553,068 | Does autophagy contribute to the chemo-resistance of non-small cell lung cancer in hypoxic conditions? | {
"contexts": [
"The development of chemo-resistance in non-small lung cancer is a major obstacle in treating patients. Hypoxia is a commonly faced microenvironment in solid tumor and suggested to be related to both autophagy and chemo-resistance.",
"In this study, we investigated the role of hypoxia-induced autophagy in acquiring chemo-resistance in both cancer cell (A549) and human cancer tissue",
"Hypoxic exposure (1 % O2) of A549 cell stimulated autophagic induction in cancer cells, shown by increase of LC3BI to LC3BII conversion and decrease of p62/sequestosome1 in Western blot, increased GFP-LC puncta in confocal microscopy, and increased number of double-membrane autophagic vacuoles in electron micrographs. Hypoxic exposure also induced resistance of cancer cells to cisplatin, and LC3B siRNA restored the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapy. Furthermore, Human lung cancer tissues that experienced chemotherapy showed increase of LC3BI to LC3BII conversion and decrease of p62/sequestosome1 compared with chemo-naïve cancer tissue in Western blot."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing",
"Antineoplastic Agents",
"Autophagy",
"Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung",
"Cell Hypoxia",
"Cell Line, Tumor",
"Cisplatin",
"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug",
"Drug Resistance, Neoplasm",
"Humans",
"Lung Neoplasms",
"Microtubule-Associated Proteins",
"RNA Interference",
"Sequestosome-1 Protein",
"Time Factors",
"Transfection",
"Tumor Microenvironment"
]
} | Autophagy may play an important role in acquiring resistance to chemotherapy in lung cancer and hypoxia related pathway seems to be involved in autophagy induction. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does autophagy contribute to the chemo-resistance of non-small cell lung cancer in hypoxic conditions?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The development of chemo-resistance in non-small lung cancer is a major obstacle in treating patients. Hypoxia is a commonly faced microenvironment in solid tumor and suggested to be related to both autophagy and chemo-resistance.', 'In this study, we investigated the role of hypoxia-induced autophagy in acquiring chemo-resistance in both cancer cell (A549) and human cancer tissue', 'Hypoxic exposure (1 % O2) of A549 cell stimulated autophagic induction in cancer cells, shown by increase of LC3BI to LC3BII conversion and decrease of p62/sequestosome1 in Western blot, increased GFP-LC puncta in confocal microscopy, and increased number of double-membrane autophagic vacuoles in electron micrographs. Hypoxic exposure also induced resistance of cancer cells to cisplatin, and LC3B siRNA restored the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapy. Furthermore, Human lung cancer tissues that experienced chemotherapy showed increase of LC3BI to LC3BII conversion and decrease of p62/sequestosome1 compared with chemo-naïve cancer tissue in Western blot.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Autophagy', 'Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung', 'Cell Hypoxia', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cisplatin', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Drug Resistance, Neoplasm', 'Humans', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Microtubule-Associated Proteins', 'RNA Interference', 'Sequestosome-1 Protein', 'Time Factors', 'Transfection', 'Tumor Microenvironment']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,527,378 | Do mapping areas of spatial-temporal overlap from wildlife tracking data? | {
"contexts": [
"The study of inter-individual interactions (often termed spatial-temporal interactions, or dynamic interactions) from remote tracking data has focused primarily on identifying the presence of such interactions. New datasets and methods offer opportunity to answer more nuanced questions, such as where on the landscape interactions occur. In this paper, we provide a new approach for mapping areas of spatial-temporal overlap in wildlife from remote tracking data. The method, termed the joint potential path area (jPPA) builds from the time-geographic movement model, originally proposed for studying human movement patterns.",
"The jPPA approach can be used to delineate sub-areas of the home range where inter-individual interaction was possible. Maps of jPPA regions can be integrated with existing geographic data to explore landscape conditions and habitat associated with spatial temporal-interactions in wildlife. We apply the jPPA approach to simulated biased correlated random walks to demonstrate the method under known conditions. The jPPA method is then applied to three dyads, consisting of fine resolution (15 minute sampling interval) GPS tracking data of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) collected in Oklahoma, USA. Our results demonstrate the ability of the jPPA to identify and map jPPA sub-areas of the home range. We show how jPPA maps can be used to identify habitat differences (using percent tree canopy cover as a habitat indicator) between areas of spatial-temporal overlap and the overall home range in each of the three deer dyads."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": []
} | The value of the jPPA approach within current wildlife habitat analysis workflows is highlighted along with its simple and straightforward implementation and interpretation. Given the current emphasis on remote tracking in wildlife movement and habitat research, new approaches capable of leveraging both the spatial and temporal information content contained within these data are warranted. We make code (in the statistical software R) for implementing the jPPA approach openly available for other researchers. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do mapping areas of spatial-temporal overlap from wildlife tracking data?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The study of inter-individual interactions (often termed spatial-temporal interactions, or dynamic interactions) from remote tracking data has focused primarily on identifying the presence of such interactions. New datasets and methods offer opportunity to answer more nuanced questions, such as where on the landscape interactions occur. In this paper, we provide a new approach for mapping areas of spatial-temporal overlap in wildlife from remote tracking data. The method, termed the joint potential path area (jPPA) builds from the time-geographic movement model, originally proposed for studying human movement patterns.', 'The jPPA approach can be used to delineate sub-areas of the home range where inter-individual interaction was possible. Maps of jPPA regions can be integrated with existing geographic data to explore landscape conditions and habitat associated with spatial temporal-interactions in wildlife. We apply the jPPA approach to simulated biased correlated random walks to demonstrate the method under known conditions. The jPPA method is then applied to three dyads, consisting of fine resolution (15 minute sampling interval) GPS tracking data of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) collected in Oklahoma, USA. Our results demonstrate the ability of the jPPA to identify and map jPPA sub-areas of the home range. We show how jPPA maps can be used to identify habitat differences (using percent tree canopy cover as a habitat indicator) between areas of spatial-temporal overlap and the overall home range in each of the three deer dyads.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': []}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,545,730 | Are serum caspase-3 levels and mortality associated in patients with severe traumatic brain injury? | {
"contexts": [
"Different apoptosis pathways activate caspase-3. In a study involving 27 patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), higher caspase-3 levels were found in contusion brain tissue resected from non-survivors than from survivors. The objective of this study was to determine whether there is an association in TBI patients between serum caspase-3 levels (thus using an easier, quicker, less expensive and less invasive procedure) and mortality, in a larger series of patients.",
"We carried out a prospective, observational and multicenter study in six Spanish Hospital Intensive Care Units including 112 patients with severe TBI. All had Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores lower than 9. Patients with an Injury Severity Score (ISS) in non-cranial aspects higher than 9 were excluded. Blood samples were collected on day 1 of TBI to measure serum caspas-3 levels. The endpoint was 30-day mortality.",
"We found that non-surviving patients (n = 31) showed higher (p = 0.003) serum caspase-3 levels compared to survivors (n = 81). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed a higher risk of death in TBI patients with serum caspase-3 levels >0.20 ng/mL than in patients with lower concentrations (Hazard Ratio = 3.15; 95% CI = 1.40 to 7.08; P < 0.001). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that serum caspase-3 levels > 0.20 ng/mL were associated with mortality at 30 days in TBI patients controlling for Marshall CT classification, age and GCS (Odds ratio = 7.99; 95% CI = 2.116 to 36.744; P = 0.001)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Brain Injuries",
"Caspase 3",
"Female",
"Glasgow Coma Scale",
"Humans",
"Injury Severity Score",
"Intensive Care Units",
"Kaplan-Meier Estimate",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Odds Ratio",
"Proportional Hazards Models",
"Prospective Studies",
"Regression Analysis",
"Survivors"
]
} | The association between serum caspase-3 levels and mortality in TBI patients was the major novel finding of our study. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are serum caspase-3 levels and mortality associated in patients with severe traumatic brain injury?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Different apoptosis pathways activate caspase-3. In a study involving 27 patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), higher caspase-3 levels were found in contusion brain tissue resected from non-survivors than from survivors. The objective of this study was to determine whether there is an association in TBI patients between serum caspase-3 levels (thus using an easier, quicker, less expensive and less invasive procedure) and mortality, in a larger series of patients.', 'We carried out a prospective, observational and multicenter study in six Spanish Hospital Intensive Care Units including 112 patients with severe TBI. All had Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores lower than 9. Patients with an Injury Severity Score (ISS) in non-cranial aspects higher than 9 were excluded. Blood samples were collected on day 1 of TBI to measure serum caspas-3 levels. The endpoint was 30-day mortality.', 'We found that non-surviving patients (n = 31) showed higher (p = 0.003) serum caspase-3 levels compared to survivors (n = 81). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed a higher risk of death in TBI patients with serum caspase-3 levels >0.20 ng/mL than in patients with lower concentrations (Hazard Ratio = 3.15; 95% CI = 1.40 to 7.08; P < 0.001). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that serum caspase-3 levels > 0.20 ng/mL were associated with mortality at 30 days in TBI patients controlling for Marshall CT classification, age and GCS (Odds ratio = 7.99; 95% CI = 2.116 to 36.744; P = 0.001).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Brain Injuries', 'Caspase 3', 'Female', 'Glasgow Coma Scale', 'Humans', 'Injury Severity Score', 'Intensive Care Units', 'Kaplan-Meier Estimate', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Odds Ratio', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'Prospective Studies', 'Regression Analysis', 'Survivors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,526,700 | Are iCMJE authorship criteria met in a substantial proportion of manuscripts submitted to Biochemia Medica? | {
"contexts": [
"Our aim was to investigate if: (a) authors of Biochemia Medica meet authorship criteria given by International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE), (b) authorship violations are more frequent in submissions containing some type of scientific misconduct.",
"Self-reported authorship contributions regarding the three ICMJE criteria were analysed for all submissions to Biochemia Medica (February 2013-April 2015) which were forwarded to peer-review. To test the differences in frequencies we used Chi-squared test. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.",
"186 manuscripts were authored by 804 authors. All ICMJE criteria were met by 487/804 (61%) authors. The first and the last author met all the criteria more frequently than those authors in between (P<0.001). The degree to which ICMJE criteria was met for the first author did not differ between manuscripts authored by only one author and those authored by >1 author (P=0.859). In 9% of the manuscripts ICMJE criteria were not met by a single author. Authors of the 171/186 manuscripts declared that all persons qualify for authorship but only 49% of them satisfied all ICMJE criteria. Authors have failed to acknowledge contributors in 88/186 (47%) manuscripts; instead these contributors have been listed as authors without fulfilling ICMJE criteria. Authorship violation was not more common in 42 manuscripts with some type of scientific misconduct (P=0.135)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": []
} | Large proportion of authors of the manuscripts submitted to Biochemia Medica do not fulfil ICMJE criteria. Violation of authorship criteria is not more common for manuscripts with some type of scientific misconduct. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are iCMJE authorship criteria met in a substantial proportion of manuscripts submitted to Biochemia Medica?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Our aim was to investigate if: (a) authors of Biochemia Medica meet authorship criteria given by International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE), (b) authorship violations are more frequent in submissions containing some type of scientific misconduct.', 'Self-reported authorship contributions regarding the three ICMJE criteria were analysed for all submissions to Biochemia Medica (February 2013-April 2015) which were forwarded to peer-review. To test the differences in frequencies we used Chi-squared test. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.', '186 manuscripts were authored by 804 authors. All ICMJE criteria were met by 487/804 (61%) authors. The first and the last author met all the criteria more frequently than those authors in between (P<0.001). The degree to which ICMJE criteria was met for the first author did not differ between manuscripts authored by only one author and those authored by >1 author (P=0.859). In 9% of the manuscripts ICMJE criteria were not met by a single author. Authors of the 171/186 manuscripts declared that all persons qualify for authorship but only 49% of them satisfied all ICMJE criteria. Authors have failed to acknowledge contributors in 88/186 (47%) manuscripts; instead these contributors have been listed as authors without fulfilling ICMJE criteria. Authorship violation was not more common in 42 manuscripts with some type of scientific misconduct (P=0.135).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': []}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
26,546,127 | Do divergent growth strategies between red algae and kelps influence biomechanical properties? | {
"contexts": [
"Morphology and material properties are the main components of the mechanical design of organisms, with species groups developing different optimization strategies in the context of their physical environment. For intertidal and subtidal seaweeds, possessing highly flexible and extensible tissues allows individuals to bend and reconfigure in flow, thereby reducing drag. Previous research has shown that aging may compromise these qualities. Tissue age increases with distance from the blade's meristem, which differs in its position on kelps and red algae. Here, we assess whether longitudinal patterns of blade material properties differ between these two algal groups according to tissue age.",
"We performed tensile tests on tissues samples excised from various positions along the extent of blades in nine kelp species (basal growth) and 15 species of red algae (apical growth).",
"We found that older tissues were less flexible and extensible than younger tissues in all species tested. As predicted, tissue near the basal meristem in kelp was more flexible and extensible than older tissue at the blade's distal end. The opposite pattern was observed for red algae, with the most flexible and extensible tissues found near the apical meristem at the distal ends of blades."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Biomechanical Phenomena",
"Kelp",
"Rhodophyta"
]
} | We propose that divergent patterns in the distribution of material properties along blades may have different consequences for the performance of kelps and red algae. The positioning of younger tissues at the blade base for kelps may enable these species to attain larger body sizes in wave-swept habitats. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do divergent growth strategies between red algae and kelps influence biomechanical properties?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"Morphology and material properties are the main components of the mechanical design of organisms, with species groups developing different optimization strategies in the context of their physical environment. For intertidal and subtidal seaweeds, possessing highly flexible and extensible tissues allows individuals to bend and reconfigure in flow, thereby reducing drag. Previous research has shown that aging may compromise these qualities. Tissue age increases with distance from the blade's meristem, which differs in its position on kelps and red algae. Here, we assess whether longitudinal patterns of blade material properties differ between these two algal groups according to tissue age.\", 'We performed tensile tests on tissues samples excised from various positions along the extent of blades in nine kelp species (basal growth) and 15 species of red algae (apical growth).', \"We found that older tissues were less flexible and extensible than younger tissues in all species tested. As predicted, tissue near the basal meristem in kelp was more flexible and extensible than older tissue at the blade's distal end. The opposite pattern was observed for red algae, with the most flexible and extensible tissues found near the apical meristem at the distal ends of blades.\"], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Kelp', 'Rhodophyta']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,552,743 | Is lower-normal TSH associated with better metabolic risk factors : A cross-sectional study on Spanish men? | {
"contexts": [
"Subclinical thyroid conditions, defined by normal thyroxin (T4) but abnormal thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, may be associated with cardiovascular and metabolic risk. More recently, TSH levels within the normal range have been suggested to be associated with metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk. This work studies the linearity of the relationship between metabolic syndrome and TSH across the euthyroid range.",
"We studied 3533 male participants of the Aragon Workers' Health Study (AWHS) with normal TSH and free T4 levels, across quintiles of these variables, after adjusting for age, alcohol intake, and smoking. Compared with the lowest TSH quintile, the odds ratios for metabolic syndrome at the higher quintiles, which indicate lower thyroid function, were 1.34 (1.04, 1.73), 1.56 (1.21, 2.01), 1.57 (1.22, 2.03), and 1.71 (1.32, 2.21). The lowest free T4 quintile also showed an odds ratio of 1.49 (1.16, 1.90) with respect to the highest quintile. In addition, spline models showed departures from linearity: the risk of metabolic syndrome mostly increases at TSH values below the median (sample half-closest to subclinical hyperthyroidism). Interestingly, glucose also increases with TSH primarily below the median TSH, diastolic blood pressure shows similar changes across the entire TSH range, whereas body mass index, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol change only at the highest normal TSH values, which are associated with lower free T4 concentration."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Age Factors",
"Blood Glucose",
"Blood Pressure Determination",
"Body Mass Index",
"Cardiovascular Diseases",
"Cholesterol, HDL",
"Cholesterol, LDL",
"Confidence Intervals",
"Cross-Sectional Studies",
"Humans",
"Incidence",
"Linear Models",
"Logistic Models",
"Male",
"Metabolic Syndrome",
"Middle Aged",
"Multivariate Analysis",
"Prognosis",
"Risk Assessment",
"Severity of Illness Index",
"Spain",
"Thyrotropin"
]
} | TSH and free T4 within the normal range are associated with the metabolic syndrome. The sample half-below the TSH median (with probably higher functional thyroid status) exhibited better metabolic and cardiovascular profiles. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is lower-normal TSH associated with better metabolic risk factors : A cross-sectional study on Spanish men?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Subclinical thyroid conditions, defined by normal thyroxin (T4) but abnormal thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, may be associated with cardiovascular and metabolic risk. More recently, TSH levels within the normal range have been suggested to be associated with metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk. This work studies the linearity of the relationship between metabolic syndrome and TSH across the euthyroid range.', \"We studied 3533 male participants of the Aragon Workers' Health Study (AWHS) with normal TSH and free T4 levels, across quintiles of these variables, after adjusting for age, alcohol intake, and smoking. Compared with the lowest TSH quintile, the odds ratios for metabolic syndrome at the higher quintiles, which indicate lower thyroid function, were 1.34 (1.04, 1.73), 1.56 (1.21, 2.01), 1.57 (1.22, 2.03), and 1.71 (1.32, 2.21). The lowest free T4 quintile also showed an odds ratio of 1.49 (1.16, 1.90) with respect to the highest quintile. In addition, spline models showed departures from linearity: the risk of metabolic syndrome mostly increases at TSH values below the median (sample half-closest to subclinical hyperthyroidism). Interestingly, glucose also increases with TSH primarily below the median TSH, diastolic blood pressure shows similar changes across the entire TSH range, whereas body mass index, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol change only at the highest normal TSH values, which are associated with lower free T4 concentration.\"], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Blood Glucose', 'Blood Pressure Determination', 'Body Mass Index', 'Cardiovascular Diseases', 'Cholesterol, HDL', 'Cholesterol, LDL', 'Confidence Intervals', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Linear Models', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'Metabolic Syndrome', 'Middle Aged', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Prognosis', 'Risk Assessment', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Spain', 'Thyrotropin']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,531,054 | Does poor self-rated health predict mortality in patients with stable chronic heart failure? | {
"contexts": [
"In heart failure, a holistic approach incorporating the patient's perspective is vital for prognosis and treatment. Self-rated health has strong associations with adverse events and short-term mortality risk, but long-term data are limited. We investigated the predictive value of two consecutive self-rated health assessments with regard to long-term mortality in a large, well characterised sample of elderly patients with stable chronic heart failure.",
"We measured self-rated health by asking 'In general, would you say your health is: 1, excellent; 2, very good; 3, good; 4, fair; 5, poor?' twice: at baseline and the end of a 12-week beta-blocker up-titration period in the CIBIS-ELD trial. Mortality was assessed in an observational follow-up after 2-4 years. A total of 720 patients (mean left ventricular ejection fraction 45±12%, mean age 73±5 years, 36% women) rated their health at both time points. During long-term follow-up, 144 patients died (all-cause mortality 20%). Fair/poor self-rated health in at least one of the two reports was associated with increased mortality (hazard ratio 1.42 per level; 95% confidence interval 1.16-1.75; P<0.001). It remained independently significant in multiple Cox regression analysis, adjusted for N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP), heart rate and other risk prediction covariates. Self-rated health by one level worse was as predictive for mortality as a 1.9-fold increase in NTproBNP."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adrenergic beta-Antagonists",
"Aged",
"Female",
"Heart Failure",
"Humans",
"Natriuretic Peptide, Brain",
"Prognosis",
"Proportional Hazards Models",
"Self Report"
]
} | Poor self-rated health predicts mortality in our long-term follow-up of patients with stable chronic heart failure, even after adjustment for established risk predictors. We encourage clinicians to capture patient-reported self-rated health routinely as an easy to assess, clinically meaningful measure and pay extra attention when self-rated health is poor. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does poor self-rated health predict mortality in patients with stable chronic heart failure?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"In heart failure, a holistic approach incorporating the patient's perspective is vital for prognosis and treatment. Self-rated health has strong associations with adverse events and short-term mortality risk, but long-term data are limited. We investigated the predictive value of two consecutive self-rated health assessments with regard to long-term mortality in a large, well characterised sample of elderly patients with stable chronic heart failure.\", \"We measured self-rated health by asking 'In general, would you say your health is: 1, excellent; 2, very good; 3, good; 4, fair; 5, poor?' twice: at baseline and the end of a 12-week beta-blocker up-titration period in the CIBIS-ELD trial. Mortality was assessed in an observational follow-up after 2-4 years. A total of 720 patients (mean left ventricular ejection fraction 45±12%, mean age 73±5 years, 36% women) rated their health at both time points. During long-term follow-up, 144 patients died (all-cause mortality 20%). Fair/poor self-rated health in at least one of the two reports was associated with increased mortality (hazard ratio 1.42 per level; 95% confidence interval 1.16-1.75; P<0.001). It remained independently significant in multiple Cox regression analysis, adjusted for N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP), heart rate and other risk prediction covariates. Self-rated health by one level worse was as predictive for mortality as a 1.9-fold increase in NTproBNP.\"], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adrenergic beta-Antagonists', 'Aged', 'Female', 'Heart Failure', 'Humans', 'Natriuretic Peptide, Brain', 'Prognosis', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'Self Report']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,550,819 | Does disordered eating behavior and mental health correlate among treatment seeking obese women? | {
"contexts": [
"Previous research has suggest that obesity is associated with increased risk for psychopathological disorders, however, little is known about which obese patients are most vulnerable to psychopathological disorders. We therefore investigated 126 treatment-seeking obese women to describe eating disorder pathology and mental health correlates, and to identify disordered eating behaviors that may place obese at increased risk for psychopathological disorders.",
"The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID) was used to identify Eating Disorders (ED). A battery of psychological tests, including the Anxiety Scale Questionnaire (ASQ,) Clinical Depression Questionnaire (CDQ), Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (EDI-2) Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26) scales and structured clinical interview were administered to all the patients. We analyzed the link between psychopathological disorders and eating attitudes by using both multiple regression analysis and non-parametric correlation.",
"Disordered eating behaviors and emotional behavioral aspects related to Anorexia Nervosa, such as ineffectiveness, are strongly linked to the depression and anxiety in obese subjects. No correlation was found between psychopathological disorders and age or anthropometric measurements."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Anorexia Nervosa",
"Anxiety",
"Depression",
"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders",
"Feeding Behavior",
"Feeding and Eating Disorders",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Mental Health",
"Middle Aged",
"Obesity",
"Psychological Tests",
"Surveys and Questionnaires"
]
} | Findings corroborate earlier work indicating that psychological distress is elevated in obese treatment seeking, bolstering the need for mental health assessment of such individuals. The feeling of ineffectiveness constitutes the major predictor of psychopathological aspects. This is an important result which may inform the development of effective interventions for obese patients and prevention of psychopathological disorders. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does disordered eating behavior and mental health correlate among treatment seeking obese women?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Previous research has suggest that obesity is associated with increased risk for psychopathological disorders, however, little is known about which obese patients are most vulnerable to psychopathological disorders. We therefore investigated 126 treatment-seeking obese women to describe eating disorder pathology and mental health correlates, and to identify disordered eating behaviors that may place obese at increased risk for psychopathological disorders.', 'The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID) was used to identify Eating Disorders (ED). A battery of psychological tests, including the Anxiety Scale Questionnaire (ASQ,) Clinical Depression Questionnaire (CDQ), Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (EDI-2) Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26) scales and structured clinical interview were administered to all the patients. We analyzed the link between psychopathological disorders and eating attitudes by using both multiple regression analysis and non-parametric correlation.', 'Disordered eating behaviors and emotional behavioral aspects related to Anorexia Nervosa, such as ineffectiveness, are strongly linked to the depression and anxiety in obese subjects. No correlation was found between psychopathological disorders and age or anthropometric measurements.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Anorexia Nervosa', 'Anxiety', 'Depression', 'Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders', 'Feeding Behavior', 'Feeding and Eating Disorders', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Mental Health', 'Middle Aged', 'Obesity', 'Psychological Tests', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,536,363 | Is a male preponderance in patients with Indian post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis associated with increased circulating levels of testosterone? | {
"contexts": [
"Post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) is a neglected parasitic disease that occurs after apparent cure from visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and poses a challenge for elimination of VL, being its proposed reservoir. Several epidemiological studies have proposed that sex hormones may account for the increased susceptibility of males towards infectious diseases, including leishmaniasis; however, the role of testosterone and sex bias, if any, in PKDL has not been evaluated.",
"The study population included 87 patients with PKDL and 39 with VL; levels of testosterone were measured by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay along with their levels of antileishmanial immunoglobulin and IgG. The association of testosterone, if any, was then correlated with age, gender, humoral response, lesional profile, disease duration, and lag period.",
"A male predominance was evident in PKDL, not in VL; importantly, this male bias was predominant postpubertal, strongly indicative of an association between sex hormone and disease progression. Male patients with PKDL had significantly higher levels of testosterone, which regressed significantly with miltefosine, not with sodium antimony gluconate. Additionally, a significant correlation was found between plasma testosterone and antileishmanial IgG."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Amphotericin B",
"Antibodies, Protozoan",
"Antimony Sodium Gluconate",
"Antiprotozoal Agents",
"Disease Progression",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Immunoglobulin G",
"India",
"Leishmania donovani",
"Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous",
"Leishmaniasis, Visceral",
"Male",
"Neglected Diseases",
"Phosphorylcholine",
"Sex Factors",
"Testosterone",
"Young Adult"
]
} | Taken together, our study has established a male dominance in PKDL, which showed a strong association with testosterone. This information should be taken into consideration for disease monitoring and control. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is a male preponderance in patients with Indian post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis associated with increased circulating levels of testosterone?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) is a neglected parasitic disease that occurs after apparent cure from visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and poses a challenge for elimination of VL, being its proposed reservoir. Several epidemiological studies have proposed that sex hormones may account for the increased susceptibility of males towards infectious diseases, including leishmaniasis; however, the role of testosterone and sex bias, if any, in PKDL has not been evaluated.', 'The study population included 87 patients with PKDL and 39 with VL; levels of testosterone were measured by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay along with their levels of antileishmanial immunoglobulin and IgG. The association of testosterone, if any, was then correlated with age, gender, humoral response, lesional profile, disease duration, and lag period.', 'A male predominance was evident in PKDL, not in VL; importantly, this male bias was predominant postpubertal, strongly indicative of an association between sex hormone and disease progression. Male patients with PKDL had significantly higher levels of testosterone, which regressed significantly with miltefosine, not with sodium antimony gluconate. Additionally, a significant correlation was found between plasma testosterone and antileishmanial IgG.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Amphotericin B', 'Antibodies, Protozoan', 'Antimony Sodium Gluconate', 'Antiprotozoal Agents', 'Disease Progression', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'India', 'Leishmania donovani', 'Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous', 'Leishmaniasis, Visceral', 'Male', 'Neglected Diseases', 'Phosphorylcholine', 'Sex Factors', 'Testosterone', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,547,514 | Does ankaferd blood stopper enhance healing after osseous grafting in patients with intrabony periodontal defects? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this clinical study were to compare the clinical efficacy of ankaferd blood stopper (ABS) when used in combination with autogenous cortical bone graft (ACB) in the treatment of intrabony periodontal defects.",
"The study was planned as a split-mouth design. Fifteen patients with chronic periodontitis at 30 sites (six men, nine women; 42 ± 7 years) were included. Treatment sites had probing pocket depths (PPD) of ≥ 6 mm and osseous defect depths of ≥ 4 mm as radiographically assessed. Following the initial periodontal therapy, patients were randomly assigned to two treatments in contralateral areas of the dentition: ACB + ABS or ACB alone. At baseline and 6 mo after surgery, clinical parameters of plaque index, gingival index, PPD, clinical attachment level and gingival recession (GR) were recorded. The primary outcome variable was the change in clinical attachment level between baseline and 24 wk after surgery. Gingival crevicular fluid samples were collected immediately before surgery and at 2, 4, 6, 12 and 24 wk after the surgery. Gingival crevicular fluid volume was calculated and vascular endothelial growth factor levels in gingival crevicular fluid were measured.",
"PPD decreased, clinical attachment level improved and gingival index decreased significantly in response to both modes of treatment (p < 0.05). Both treatment modalities resulted in a significant gain in radiographic bone levels compared to baseline (p < 0.05). Intergroup comparisons showed that there was a significantly higher gain in clinical attachment level in the ABS/ACB group compared to ACB group (p < 0.05) with significantly less GR (p < 0.05). Similarly, vascular endothelial growth factor concentration in gingival crevicular fluid was significantly higher in the ABS/ACB group at postoperative weeks 2 and 4 compared to the ACB group (p < 0.01)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Alveolar Bone Loss",
"Bone Transplantation",
"Chronic Periodontitis",
"Combined Modality Therapy",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Periodontal Attachment Loss",
"Periodontal Index",
"Plant Extracts",
"Transplantation, Autologous",
"Wound Healing"
]
} | The findings suggest that ABS enhances the soft tissue healing during the periodontal defect fill by the ACB by stimulating angiogenesis and vascular endothelial cell function, prevents GR and thereby increases the clinical attachment gain. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does ankaferd blood stopper enhance healing after osseous grafting in patients with intrabony periodontal defects?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The aim of this clinical study were to compare the clinical efficacy of ankaferd blood stopper (ABS) when used in combination with autogenous cortical bone graft (ACB) in the treatment of intrabony periodontal defects.', 'The study was planned as a split-mouth design. Fifteen patients with chronic periodontitis at 30 sites (six men, nine women; 42 ± 7 years) were included. Treatment sites had probing pocket depths (PPD) of ≥ 6 mm and osseous defect depths of ≥ 4 mm as radiographically assessed. Following the initial periodontal therapy, patients were randomly assigned to two treatments in contralateral areas of the dentition: ACB + ABS or ACB alone. At baseline and 6 mo after surgery, clinical parameters of plaque index, gingival index, PPD, clinical attachment level and gingival recession (GR) were recorded. The primary outcome variable was the change in clinical attachment level between baseline and 24 wk after surgery. Gingival crevicular fluid samples were collected immediately before surgery and at 2, 4, 6, 12 and 24 wk after the surgery. Gingival crevicular fluid volume was calculated and vascular endothelial growth factor levels in gingival crevicular fluid were measured.', 'PPD decreased, clinical attachment level improved and gingival index decreased significantly in response to both modes of treatment (p < 0.05). Both treatment modalities resulted in a significant gain in radiographic bone levels compared to baseline (p < 0.05). Intergroup comparisons showed that there was a significantly higher gain in clinical attachment level in the ABS/ACB group compared to ACB group (p < 0.05) with significantly less GR (p < 0.05). Similarly, vascular endothelial growth factor concentration in gingival crevicular fluid was significantly higher in the ABS/ACB group at postoperative weeks 2 and 4 compared to the ACB group (p < 0.01).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Alveolar Bone Loss', 'Bone Transplantation', 'Chronic Periodontitis', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Periodontal Attachment Loss', 'Periodontal Index', 'Plant Extracts', 'Transplantation, Autologous', 'Wound Healing']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,548,631 | Does transamniotic stem cell therapy ( TRASCET ) mitigate bowel damage in a model of gastroschisis? | {
"contexts": [
"We sought to determine whether intraamniotic delivery of concentrated amniotic-derived mesenchymal stem cells (afMSCs) could reduce damage to exposed bowel in experimental gastroschisis.",
"Rat fetuses (n=117) with surgically created gastroschisis were divided into three groups: untreated animals (n=62) and two groups receiving volume-matched intraamniotic injections of either saline (n=25) or 2 × 10(6) cells/mL of syngeneic, labeled afMSCs (n=30). Animals were killed before term, along with normal controls (NL). Blinded observers performed computerized measurements of total and segmental (serosa, muscularis, and mucosa) intestinal wall thicknesses. Statistical comparisons were by ANOVA (P<0.05).",
"Among survivors with gastroschisis, there were statistically significant decreases in total bowel wall, serosal, muscular, and mucosal thicknesses in the afMSC group vs. the untreated group (P=0.001/0.035/0.001/0.005, respectively) and vs. the saline group (P=0.003/0.05/<0.001/0.026, respectively). There were no such significant differences between the untreated and saline groups. There were no differences between the afMSC group and NL, except for a significantly thicker muscular layer in the afMSC group (P=0.014). Labeled afMSCs were scarcely identified, suggesting a paracrine effect."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Amnion",
"Amniotic Fluid",
"Animals",
"Female",
"Fetal Therapies",
"Gastroschisis",
"Injections",
"Intestines",
"Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation",
"Rats",
"Rats, Sprague-Dawley",
"Treatment Outcome"
]
} | Amniotic mesenchymal stem cells mitigate bowel damage in experimental gastroschisis after concentrated intraamniotic injection. Transamniotic stem cell therapy (TRASCET) may become a practical component of the treatment of gastroschisis. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does transamniotic stem cell therapy ( TRASCET ) mitigate bowel damage in a model of gastroschisis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['We sought to determine whether intraamniotic delivery of concentrated amniotic-derived mesenchymal stem cells (afMSCs) could reduce damage to exposed bowel in experimental gastroschisis.', 'Rat fetuses (n=117) with surgically created gastroschisis were divided into three groups: untreated animals (n=62) and two groups receiving volume-matched intraamniotic injections of either saline (n=25) or 2 × 10(6) cells/mL of syngeneic, labeled afMSCs (n=30). Animals were killed before term, along with normal controls (NL). Blinded observers performed computerized measurements of total and segmental (serosa, muscularis, and mucosa) intestinal wall thicknesses. Statistical comparisons were by ANOVA (P<0.05).', 'Among survivors with gastroschisis, there were statistically significant decreases in total bowel wall, serosal, muscular, and mucosal thicknesses in the afMSC group vs. the untreated group (P=0.001/0.035/0.001/0.005, respectively) and vs. the saline group (P=0.003/0.05/<0.001/0.026, respectively). There were no such significant differences between the untreated and saline groups. There were no differences between the afMSC group and NL, except for a significantly thicker muscular layer in the afMSC group (P=0.014). Labeled afMSCs were scarcely identified, suggesting a paracrine effect.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Amnion', 'Amniotic Fluid', 'Animals', 'Female', 'Fetal Therapies', 'Gastroschisis', 'Injections', 'Intestines', 'Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Treatment Outcome']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,528,344 | Does treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism affect bone mass as determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry , peripheral quantitative computed tomography and quantitative bone ultrasound in Spanish women? | {
"contexts": [
"The results of studies examining the influence of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) and levothyroxine (L-T4) replacement therapy on bone have generated considerable interest but also controversy. The present research aims to evaluate the effects of L-T4 treatment on different skeletal sites in women.",
"A group of 45 premenopausal (mean age: 43.62 ±6.65 years) and 180 postmenopausal (mean age: 59.51 ±7.90 years) women with SCH who were undergoing L-T4 replacement therapy for at least 6 months were compared to 58 pre- and 180 postmenopausal women with SCH (untreated) matched for age. The mean doses of L-T4 were 90.88 ±42.59 µg/day in the premenopausal women and 86.35 ±34.11 µg/day in the postmenopausal women. Bone measurements were obtained using quantitative bone ultrasound (QUS) for the phalanx, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for the lumbar spine and hip, and peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) for the non-dominant distal forearm.",
"No differences were observed between patients and untreated controls in these bone measurements except in the bone mineral density (BMD) of the spine (p = 0.0214) in postmenopausal women, which was greater in treated women than in untreated controls."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": []
} | Our results indicate that adequate metabolic control through replacement treatment with L-T4 in pre- and postmenopausal women does not affect bone mass. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism affect bone mass as determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry , peripheral quantitative computed tomography and quantitative bone ultrasound in Spanish women?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The results of studies examining the influence of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) and levothyroxine (L-T4) replacement therapy on bone have generated considerable interest but also controversy. The present research aims to evaluate the effects of L-T4 treatment on different skeletal sites in women.', 'A group of 45 premenopausal (mean age: 43.62 ±6.65 years) and 180 postmenopausal (mean age: 59.51 ±7.90 years) women with SCH who were undergoing L-T4 replacement therapy for at least 6 months were compared to 58 pre- and 180 postmenopausal women with SCH (untreated) matched for age. The mean doses of L-T4 were 90.88 ±42.59 µg/day in the premenopausal women and 86.35 ±34.11 µg/day in the postmenopausal women. Bone measurements were obtained using quantitative bone ultrasound (QUS) for the phalanx, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for the lumbar spine and hip, and peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) for the non-dominant distal forearm.', 'No differences were observed between patients and untreated controls in these bone measurements except in the bone mineral density (BMD) of the spine (p = 0.0214) in postmenopausal women, which was greater in treated women than in untreated controls.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': []}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
26,552,836 | Is co-morbid personality disorder in early intervention psychosis clients associated with greater key worker emotional involvement? | {
"contexts": [
"Co-morbid personality disorder (PD) is associated with poorer outcomes in psychosis patients, but it is not known whether these patterns are present at illness onset. This study investigated the prevalence of co-morbid PD in clients of an Early Intervention in Psychosis Service (EIPS) and compared key worker engagement and service use between patients with and without co-morbid PD.",
"Forty-nine participants were recruited from an inner London NHS EIPS. The Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV (DSM-IV) Axis II Disorders was administered to identify whether participants met criteria for a diagnosis of PD. Key workers completed measures investigating the therapeutic relationship and emotional involvement. Data on service use over a 2-year period from the date on which the patient was accepted by the EIPS were collected from electronic clinical records. Service use and key worker informed data were collected blind to PD diagnosis.",
"Twenty-two of the 49 (45%) patients met criteria for co-morbid PD. Keyworker worry and tension were significantly higher in relation to patients with co-morbid PD compared with those without. There were no significant differences between groups in appointments offered or attended, but patients with co-morbid PD were significantly less likely to be admitted to hospital than those without."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": []
} | Co-morbid PD is common in EIPS patients. The EIPS model is both assertive and intensive; although this appears to be effective in preventing hospital admissions, this does not equip professionals to manage the higher emotional burden associated with a co-morbid PD diagnosis. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is co-morbid personality disorder in early intervention psychosis clients associated with greater key worker emotional involvement?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Co-morbid personality disorder (PD) is associated with poorer outcomes in psychosis patients, but it is not known whether these patterns are present at illness onset. This study investigated the prevalence of co-morbid PD in clients of an Early Intervention in Psychosis Service (EIPS) and compared key worker engagement and service use between patients with and without co-morbid PD.', 'Forty-nine participants were recruited from an inner London NHS EIPS. The Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV (DSM-IV) Axis II Disorders was administered to identify whether participants met criteria for a diagnosis of PD. Key workers completed measures investigating the therapeutic relationship and emotional involvement. Data on service use over a 2-year period from the date on which the patient was accepted by the EIPS were collected from electronic clinical records. Service use and key worker informed data were collected blind to PD diagnosis.', 'Twenty-two of the 49 (45%) patients met criteria for co-morbid PD. Keyworker worry and tension were significantly higher in relation to patients with co-morbid PD compared with those without. There were no significant differences between groups in appointments offered or attended, but patients with co-morbid PD were significantly less likely to be admitted to hospital than those without.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': []}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,551,082 | Is cDX2 downregulation associated with poor differentiation and MMR deficiency in colon cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Homeobox genes are often deregulated in cancer and can have both oncogenic and tumor-suppressing potential. The Caudal-related homeobox transcription factor 2 (CDX2) is an intestine-specific transcription factor. CDX2 has been implicated in differentiation, proliferation, cell adhesion, and migration. In this study, we investigated CDX2 mRNA and protein expression in relation to the clinicopathological characteristics of colon cancer, including mismatch repair status and recurrence risk.",
"Tumor samples were obtained from colon cancer patients. Biopsies from tumor tissue and normal adjacent tissue were fixed in liquid nitrogen for RNA extraction or in formalin and paraffin embedded (FFPE) for immunohistochemical staining. CDX2 mRNA expression was evaluated by RT-qPCR. FFPE sections were stained for MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2, and CDX2.",
"A total of 191 patient samples were included in the study and analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Of these samples, 97 were further evaluated by RT-qPCR. There was no significant difference in CDX2 mRNA expression between tumor and normal tissues. CDX2 mRNA expression was significantly lower in right-sided tumors (p<0.05), poorly differentiated tumors (p<0.05), and MMR-deficient tumors (p<0.05). Similarly, CDX2 protein expression was more often low or absent in right-sided tumors (p<0.01), poorly differentiated tumors (p<0.001), and MMR-deficient tumors (p<0.001). Low CDX2 protein or mRNA expression was not associated with recurrence risk."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Brain Neoplasms",
"CDX2 Transcription Factor",
"Cell Differentiation",
"Colonic Neoplasms",
"Colorectal Neoplasms",
"Down-Regulation",
"Female",
"Genes, Tumor Suppressor",
"Homeodomain Proteins",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Neoplastic Syndromes, Hereditary",
"Protein Processing, Post-Translational",
"Proteomics"
]
} | We found that CDX2 downregulation is associated with MMR deficiency, right-sided tumors, and poor differentiation at both the mRNA and protein level. Whether CDX2 plays an active role in tumor progression in MSI/MMR-deficient tumors remains to be elucidated. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is cDX2 downregulation associated with poor differentiation and MMR deficiency in colon cancer?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Homeobox genes are often deregulated in cancer and can have both oncogenic and tumor-suppressing potential. The Caudal-related homeobox transcription factor 2 (CDX2) is an intestine-specific transcription factor. CDX2 has been implicated in differentiation, proliferation, cell adhesion, and migration. In this study, we investigated CDX2 mRNA and protein expression in relation to the clinicopathological characteristics of colon cancer, including mismatch repair status and recurrence risk.', 'Tumor samples were obtained from colon cancer patients. Biopsies from tumor tissue and normal adjacent tissue were fixed in liquid nitrogen for RNA extraction or in formalin and paraffin embedded (FFPE) for immunohistochemical staining. CDX2 mRNA expression was evaluated by RT-qPCR. FFPE sections were stained for MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2, and CDX2.', 'A total of 191 patient samples were included in the study and analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Of these samples, 97 were further evaluated by RT-qPCR. There was no significant difference in CDX2 mRNA expression between tumor and normal tissues. CDX2 mRNA expression was significantly lower in right-sided tumors (p<0.05), poorly differentiated tumors (p<0.05), and MMR-deficient tumors (p<0.05). Similarly, CDX2 protein expression was more often low or absent in right-sided tumors (p<0.01), poorly differentiated tumors (p<0.001), and MMR-deficient tumors (p<0.001). Low CDX2 protein or mRNA expression was not associated with recurrence risk.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Brain Neoplasms', 'CDX2 Transcription Factor', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Colonic Neoplasms', 'Colorectal Neoplasms', 'Down-Regulation', 'Female', 'Genes, Tumor Suppressor', 'Homeodomain Proteins', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplastic Syndromes, Hereditary', 'Protein Processing, Post-Translational', 'Proteomics']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,537,115 | Does fibroblast growth factor 8 regulate postnatal development of paraventricular nucleus neuroendocrine cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are crucial signaling molecules that direct the development of the vertebrate brain. FGF8 gene signaling in particular, may be important for the development of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis. Indeed, newborn Fgf8 hypomorphic mice harbor a major reduction in the number of vasopressin (VP) neurons in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), the central output component of the HPA-axis. Additionally, recent studies indicated that adult heterozygous ((+/neo)) Fgf8 hypomorphic mice exhibit more anxiety-like behaviors than wildtype (WT) mice. These studies led us to investigate whether Fgf8 hypomorphy abrogated VP and/or corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neuronal development in the postnatal day (PN) 21 and adult mouse PVN. Furthermore, we studied whether Fgf8 hypomorphy disrupted HPA responsiveness in these mice.",
"Using immunohistochemistry, we examined the development of VP and CRH neurons located in the PVN of PN 21 and adult Fgf8 (+/neo) mice. Moreover, we used a restraint stress (RS) paradigm and measured corticosterone levels with enzyme immunoassays in order to assess HPA axis activation.",
"The number of VP neurons in the PVN did not differ between WT and Fgf8 (+/neo) mice on PN 21 and in adulthood. In contrast, CRH immunoreactivity was much higher in Fgf8 (+/neo) mice than in WT mice on PN 21, this difference was no longer shown in adult mice. RS caused a higher increase in corticosterone levels in adult Fgf8 (+/neo) mice than in WT mice after 15 min, but no difference was seen after 45 min."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Cell Count",
"Corticosterone",
"Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone",
"Fibroblast Growth Factor 8",
"Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System",
"Male",
"Mice",
"Mice, Transgenic",
"Neuroendocrine Cells",
"Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus",
"Pituitary-Adrenal System",
"Restraint, Physical",
"Vasopressins"
]
} | First, Fgf8 hypomorphy did not eliminate VP and CRH neurons in the mouse PVN, but rather disrupted the postnatal timing of neuropeptide expression onset in PVN neurons. Second, Fgf8 hypomorphy may, in part, be an explanation for affective disorders involving hyperactivity of the HPA axis, such as anxiety. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does fibroblast growth factor 8 regulate postnatal development of paraventricular nucleus neuroendocrine cells?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are crucial signaling molecules that direct the development of the vertebrate brain. FGF8 gene signaling in particular, may be important for the development of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis. Indeed, newborn Fgf8 hypomorphic mice harbor a major reduction in the number of vasopressin (VP) neurons in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), the central output component of the HPA-axis. Additionally, recent studies indicated that adult heterozygous ((+/neo)) Fgf8 hypomorphic mice exhibit more anxiety-like behaviors than wildtype (WT) mice. These studies led us to investigate whether Fgf8 hypomorphy abrogated VP and/or corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neuronal development in the postnatal day (PN) 21 and adult mouse PVN. Furthermore, we studied whether Fgf8 hypomorphy disrupted HPA responsiveness in these mice.', 'Using immunohistochemistry, we examined the development of VP and CRH neurons located in the PVN of PN 21 and adult Fgf8 (+/neo) mice. Moreover, we used a restraint stress (RS) paradigm and measured corticosterone levels with enzyme immunoassays in order to assess HPA axis activation.', 'The number of VP neurons in the PVN did not differ between WT and Fgf8 (+/neo) mice on PN 21 and in adulthood. In contrast, CRH immunoreactivity was much higher in Fgf8 (+/neo) mice than in WT mice on PN 21, this difference was no longer shown in adult mice. RS caused a higher increase in corticosterone levels in adult Fgf8 (+/neo) mice than in WT mice after 15\\xa0min, but no difference was seen after 45\\xa0min.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Cell Count', 'Corticosterone', 'Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone', 'Fibroblast Growth Factor 8', 'Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Neuroendocrine Cells', 'Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus', 'Pituitary-Adrenal System', 'Restraint, Physical', 'Vasopressins']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,537,114 | Do inferior vena cava diameters and collapsibility index reveal early volume depletion in a blood donor model? | {
"contexts": [
"Changes of volume status can be readily inferred from variations in diameter of the inferior vena cava (IVC) measured by ultrasound. However the effect of IVC changes following acute blood loss are not fully established. In this study, three different approaches to measuring IVC variables were compared in healthy blood donors, as a model of acute volume depletion, in order to establish their relative ability to detect acute blood loss.",
"Inspiratory and expiratory IVC diameters were measured before and after blood donation in hepatic long axis, hepatic short axis and renal short axis views using a 2-5 MHz curvilinear probe. All measurements were recorded and examined in real-time and post-processing sessions.",
"All windows performed satisfactorily but the renal window approach was feasible in only 30 out of 47 subjects. After blood donation, IVC diameters decreased in hepatic long axis, hepatic short axis and renal short axis (expiratory: -19.9, -18.0, -26.5 %; CI 95 %: 14.5-24.1; 13.1-22.9; 16.0-35.9, respectively) (inspiratory: -31.1, -31.6, -36.5 %; CI 95 %: 21.3-40.1; 18.8-45.2; 23.4-46.0, respectively), whereas the IVC collapsibility index increased by 21.6, 22.6 and 19.3 % (CI 95 %: 11.6-42.9; 18.5-39.5; 7.7-30.0). IVC diameters appeared to return to pre-donation values within 20 min but this was only detected by the hepatic long axis view."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": []
} | IVC diameter and collapsibility index variations, as measured in M mode, consistently detect volume changes after blood donation. The longitudinal mid-hepatic approach performed better by allowing a panoramic view, avoiding anatomical aberrancies at fixed points and permitting to identify the best possible perpendicular plane to the IVC. In addition, it was able to detect time-dependent physiological volume replacement. In contrast, in our hands, the renal window could not be visualized consistently well. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do inferior vena cava diameters and collapsibility index reveal early volume depletion in a blood donor model?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Changes of volume status can be readily inferred from variations in diameter of the inferior vena cava (IVC) measured by ultrasound. However the effect of IVC changes following acute blood loss are not fully established. In this study, three different approaches to measuring IVC variables were compared in healthy blood donors, as a model of acute volume depletion, in order to establish their relative ability to detect acute blood loss.', 'Inspiratory and expiratory IVC diameters were measured before and after blood donation in hepatic long axis, hepatic short axis and renal short axis views using a 2-5\\xa0MHz curvilinear probe. All measurements were recorded and examined in real-time and post-processing sessions.', 'All windows performed satisfactorily but the renal window approach was feasible in only 30 out of 47 subjects. After blood donation, IVC diameters decreased in hepatic long axis, hepatic short axis and renal short axis (expiratory: -19.9, -18.0, -26.5\\xa0%; CI 95\\xa0%: 14.5-24.1; 13.1-22.9; 16.0-35.9, respectively) (inspiratory: -31.1, -31.6, -36.5\\xa0%; CI 95\\xa0%: 21.3-40.1; 18.8-45.2; 23.4-46.0, respectively), whereas the IVC collapsibility index increased by 21.6, 22.6 and 19.3\\xa0% (CI 95\\xa0%: 11.6-42.9; 18.5-39.5; 7.7-30.0). IVC diameters appeared to return to pre-donation values within 20\\xa0min but this was only detected by the hepatic long axis view.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': []}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,541,651 | Does targeting protein arginine methyltransferase 5 inhibit human hepatocellular carcinoma growth via the downregulation of beta-catenin? | {
"contexts": [
"Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5), a type II PRMT, is highly expressed in some tumors, but its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still unknown.",
"PRMT5 level in HCC specimens was determined by immunohistochemical staining and the association with clinicopathologic features was evaluated. PRMT5 was inhibited by AMI-1 (a small molecule inhibitor of PRMTs) or small interference RNA (siRNA). The proliferation of HCC cells was tested by Cell Counting Kit-8, cell migration was evaluated by Transwell assay and cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. The effect of AMI-1 on HCC in vivo was examined by mouse xenograft model.",
"PRMT5 expression was markedly upregulated in HCC tissues, and correlated inversely with overall patient survival. Knockdown of PRMT5 significantly reduced the proliferation of HCC cells, but did not affect the growth of normal liver cells. Furthermore, β-catenin was identified as a target of PRMT5. Silencing PRMT5 significantly down-regulated the expression of β-catenin and the downstream effector Cyclin D1 in HCC cells. AMI-1 strongly inhibited HCC growth in vivo, increased the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, and led to apoptosis and loss of migratory activity in several HCC cells. Meanwhile, AMI-1 decreased the expression levels of symmetric dimethylation of H4 (H4R3me2s), a histone mark of PRMT5."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Apoptosis",
"Carcinoma, Hepatocellular",
"Cell Cycle",
"Cell Line, Tumor",
"Cell Movement",
"Cell Proliferation",
"Down-Regulation",
"Female",
"Flow Cytometry",
"Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic",
"Gene Silencing",
"Humans",
"Immunohistochemistry",
"Liver Neoplasms",
"Male",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred BALB C",
"Naphthalenesulfonates",
"Neoplasm Transplantation",
"Protein-Arginine N-Methyltransferases",
"RNA Interference",
"RNA, Small Interfering",
"Rats",
"Urea",
"beta Catenin"
]
} | PRMT5 plays an important role in HCC. PRMT5 may be a promising target for HCC therapy. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does targeting protein arginine methyltransferase 5 inhibit human hepatocellular carcinoma growth via the downregulation of beta-catenin?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5), a type II PRMT, is highly expressed in some tumors, but its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still unknown.', 'PRMT5 level in HCC specimens was determined by immunohistochemical staining and the association with clinicopathologic features was evaluated. PRMT5 was inhibited by AMI-1 (a small molecule inhibitor of PRMTs) or small interference RNA (siRNA). The proliferation of HCC cells was tested by Cell Counting Kit-8, cell migration was evaluated by Transwell assay and cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. The effect of AMI-1 on HCC in vivo was examined by mouse xenograft model.', 'PRMT5 expression was markedly upregulated in HCC tissues, and correlated inversely with overall patient survival. Knockdown of PRMT5 significantly reduced the proliferation of HCC cells, but did not affect the growth of normal liver cells. Furthermore, β-catenin was identified as a target of PRMT5. Silencing PRMT5 significantly down-regulated the expression of β-catenin and the downstream effector Cyclin D1 in HCC cells. AMI-1 strongly inhibited HCC growth in vivo, increased the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, and led to apoptosis and loss of migratory activity in several HCC cells. Meanwhile, AMI-1 decreased the expression levels of symmetric dimethylation of H4 (H4R3me2s), a histone mark of PRMT5.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Carcinoma, Hepatocellular', 'Cell Cycle', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Movement', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Down-Regulation', 'Female', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Gene Silencing', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Naphthalenesulfonates', 'Neoplasm Transplantation', 'Protein-Arginine N-Methyltransferases', 'RNA Interference', 'RNA, Small Interfering', 'Rats', 'Urea', 'beta Catenin']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,551,326 | Does trinitrotoluene induce Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Apoptosis in HePG2 Cells? | {
"contexts": [
"This study aims to describe trinitrotoluene (TNT)-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and apoptosis in HePG2 cells.",
"HePG2 cells were cultured in vitro with 0, 6, 12, or 24 μg/ml TNT solution for 12, 24, and 48 h. Western blotting was performed to detect intracellular ERS-related proteins, including glucose-regulated protein (GRP) 78, GRP94, Caspase 4, p-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). Real-time PCR was used to measure mRNA expression from the respective genes.",
"The expressions of ERS-related proteins GRP78 and GRP94 as well as mRNA and protein expression of ERS signaling apoptotic CHOP in the TNT treatment group were significantly increased. In addition, the mRNA and protein expression levels of ERS-induced apoptotic protein Caspase-4 were significantly increased. Flow cytometry revealed that after TNT treatment, the apoptosis rate also significantly increased."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Apoptosis",
"Caspases, Initiator",
"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug",
"Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress",
"Flow Cytometry",
"HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins",
"Heat-Shock Proteins",
"Hep G2 Cells",
"Humans",
"In Situ Nick-End Labeling",
"Membrane Glycoproteins",
"Membrane Proteins",
"Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 8",
"RNA, Messenger",
"Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction",
"Transcription Factor CHOP",
"Trinitrotoluene"
]
} | TNT could increase the expression levels of GRP78, GRP94, Caspase-4, and CHOP in HePG2 cells; this increase in protein expression might be involved in HePG2 apoptosis through the induction of the ERS pathway. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does trinitrotoluene induce Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Apoptosis in HePG2 Cells?\nContext: {'contexts': ['This study aims to describe trinitrotoluene (TNT)-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and apoptosis in HePG2 cells.', 'HePG2 cells were cultured in vitro with 0, 6, 12, or 24 μg/ml TNT solution for 12, 24, and 48 h. Western blotting was performed to detect intracellular ERS-related proteins, including glucose-regulated protein (GRP) 78, GRP94, Caspase 4, p-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). Real-time PCR was used to measure mRNA expression from the respective genes.', 'The expressions of ERS-related proteins GRP78 and GRP94 as well as mRNA and protein expression of ERS signaling apoptotic CHOP in the TNT treatment group were significantly increased. In addition, the mRNA and protein expression levels of ERS-induced apoptotic protein Caspase-4 were significantly increased. Flow cytometry revealed that after TNT treatment, the apoptosis rate also significantly increased.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Apoptosis', 'Caspases, Initiator', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress', 'Flow Cytometry', 'HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins', 'Heat-Shock Proteins', 'Hep G2 Cells', 'Humans', 'In Situ Nick-End Labeling', 'Membrane Glycoproteins', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 8', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Transcription Factor CHOP', 'Trinitrotoluene']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,540,401 | Does interleukin-17A be Associated With Alveolar Inflammation and Poor Outcomes in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome? | {
"contexts": [
"Interleukin-17A is a proinflammatory cytokine known to play a role in host defense and pathologic inflammation in murine models of lung injury. The relationship between interleukin-17A and inflammation in human lung injury is unknown. Our primary objective was to determine whether interleukin-17A levels are associated with alveolar measures of inflammation and injury in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Our secondary objective was to test whether interleukin-17A levels are associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome-related outcomes.",
"Observational study.",
"Six North American medical centers.",
"We studied two groups of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: 1) patients previously enrolled in a placebo-controlled clinical trial of omega-3 fatty acids performed at five North American medical centers (n = 86, acute respiratory distress syndrome 1), and 2) patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome admitted to an ICU who developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (n = 140, acute respiratory distress syndrome 2). In acute respiratory distress syndrome 1, we used paired serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples obtained within 48 hours of acute respiratory distress syndrome onset, whereas in acute respiratory distress syndrome 2, we used plasma obtained within the first 24 hours of ICU admission.",
"None.",
"We measured circulating interleukin-17A in acute respiratory distress syndrome 1 and acute respiratory distress syndrome 2. We also measured interleukin-17A, neutrophil counts, and total protein in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from acute respiratory distress syndrome 1. We found that bronchoalveolar lavage interleukin-17A was strongly associated with higher bronchoalveolar lavage percent neutrophils (p < 0.001) and bronchoalveolar lavage total protein (p < 0.01) in acute respiratory distress syndrome1. In both acute respiratory distress syndrome 1 and acute respiratory distress syndrome 2, elevated interleukin-17A was associated with higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores (p < 0.05)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Acute Lung Injury",
"Aged",
"Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid",
"Cytokines",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Inflammation",
"Intensive Care Units",
"Interleukin-17",
"Interleukin-8",
"Leukocyte Count",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Neutrophils",
"Organ Dysfunction Scores",
"Pulmonary Alveoli",
"Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult",
"Sepsis",
"Treatment Outcome"
]
} | Elevated circulating and alveolar levels of interleukin-17A are associated with increased percentage of alveolar neutrophils, alveolar permeability, and organ dysfunction in acute respiratory distress syndrome. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does interleukin-17A be Associated With Alveolar Inflammation and Poor Outcomes in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Interleukin-17A is a proinflammatory cytokine known to play a role in host defense and pathologic inflammation in murine models of lung injury. The relationship between interleukin-17A and inflammation in human lung injury is unknown. Our primary objective was to determine whether interleukin-17A levels are associated with alveolar measures of inflammation and injury in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Our secondary objective was to test whether interleukin-17A levels are associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome-related outcomes.', 'Observational study.', 'Six North American medical centers.', 'We studied two groups of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: 1) patients previously enrolled in a placebo-controlled clinical trial of omega-3 fatty acids performed at five North American medical centers (n = 86, acute respiratory distress syndrome 1), and 2) patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome admitted to an ICU who developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (n = 140, acute respiratory distress syndrome 2). In acute respiratory distress syndrome 1, we used paired serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples obtained within 48 hours of acute respiratory distress syndrome onset, whereas in acute respiratory distress syndrome 2, we used plasma obtained within the first 24 hours of ICU admission.', 'None.', 'We measured circulating interleukin-17A in acute respiratory distress syndrome 1 and acute respiratory distress syndrome 2. We also measured interleukin-17A, neutrophil counts, and total protein in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from acute respiratory distress syndrome 1. We found that bronchoalveolar lavage interleukin-17A was strongly associated with higher bronchoalveolar lavage percent neutrophils (p < 0.001) and bronchoalveolar lavage total protein (p < 0.01) in acute respiratory distress syndrome1. In both acute respiratory distress syndrome 1 and acute respiratory distress syndrome 2, elevated interleukin-17A was associated with higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores (p < 0.05).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Acute Lung Injury', 'Aged', 'Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid', 'Cytokines', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Inflammation', 'Intensive Care Units', 'Interleukin-17', 'Interleukin-8', 'Leukocyte Count', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neutrophils', 'Organ Dysfunction Scores', 'Pulmonary Alveoli', 'Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult', 'Sepsis', 'Treatment Outcome']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,542,478 | Does resveratrol relieve gestational diabetes mellitus in mice through activating AMPK? | {
"contexts": [
"Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a disease often manifests in mid to late pregnancy with symptoms including hyperglycemia, insulin resistance and fetal mal-development. The C57BL/KsJ-Lep (db/+) (db/+) mouse is a genetic GDM model that closely mimicked human GDM symptoms. Resveratrol (RV) is a naturally existing compound that has been reported to exhibit beneficial effects in treating type-2 diabetes.",
"In this study, we investigated the effect of RV on the pregnant db/+ GDM mouse model, and the underlying molecular mechanism.",
"RV greatly improved glucose metabolism, insulin tolerance and reproductive outcome of the pregnant db/+ females. Moreover, we found that RV relieved GDM symptoms through enhancing AMPK activation, which in turn reduced production and activity of glucose-6-phosphatase in both pregnant db/+ females and their offspring."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adenylate Kinase",
"Animals",
"Blood Glucose",
"Diabetes, Gestational",
"Female",
"Insulin Resistance",
"Mice",
"Pregnancy",
"Resveratrol",
"Signal Transduction",
"Stilbenes",
"Treatment Outcome"
]
} | Our findings further supported the potential therapeutic effect of RV on not only diabetes, but also alleviating GDM. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does resveratrol relieve gestational diabetes mellitus in mice through activating AMPK?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a disease often manifests in mid to late pregnancy with symptoms including hyperglycemia, insulin resistance and fetal mal-development. The C57BL/KsJ-Lep (db/+) (db/+) mouse is a genetic GDM model that closely mimicked human GDM symptoms. Resveratrol (RV) is a naturally existing compound that has been reported to exhibit beneficial effects in treating type-2 diabetes.', 'In this study, we investigated the effect of RV on the pregnant db/+ GDM mouse model, and the underlying molecular mechanism.', 'RV greatly improved glucose metabolism, insulin tolerance and reproductive outcome of the pregnant db/+ females. Moreover, we found that RV relieved GDM symptoms through enhancing AMPK activation, which in turn reduced production and activity of glucose-6-phosphatase in both pregnant db/+ females and their offspring.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adenylate Kinase', 'Animals', 'Blood Glucose', 'Diabetes, Gestational', 'Female', 'Insulin Resistance', 'Mice', 'Pregnancy', 'Resveratrol', 'Signal Transduction', 'Stilbenes', 'Treatment Outcome']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,549,336 | Does rush immunotherapy for wasp venom allergy seem safe and effective in patients with mastocytosis? | {
"contexts": [
"Patients with mastocytosis and wasp venom allergy (WA) may benefit from venom immunotherapy (VIT). However, fatal insect sting reactions have been described in mastocytosis patients despite previous immunotherapy. We investigated the safety and efficacy of (rush) VIT in patients with mastocytosis and WA.",
"To investigate the safety and efficacy of (rush) VIT in patients with mastocytosis and WA.",
"We describe nine patients with cutaneous mastocytosis and WA who received VIT. Cutaneous mastocytosis was confirmed by histopathology and systemic mastocytosis was diagnosed according to World Health Organization criteria. VIT was given according to a rush protocol. Given the difference in safety and efficacy of VIT in patients with WA and honeybee venom allergy, we reviewed the literature for VIT with the focus on WA patients with mastocytosis and addressed the difference between patients with cutaneous versus systemic mastocytosis.",
"Nine patients had WA and mastocytosis, of whom six had cutaneous mastocytosis, two combined cutaneous and systemic mastocytosis and one systemic mastocytosis. All patients received rush IT with wasp venom. Most patients had only mild local side effects, with no systemic side effects during the course of VIT. One patient had a systemic reaction upon injection on one occasion, during the updosing phase, with dyspnoea and hypotension, but responded well to treatment. Immunotherapy was continued after temporary dose adjustment without problems. Two patients with a previous anaphylactic reaction were re-stung, without any systemic effects."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Animals",
"Desensitization, Immunologic",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Hypersensitivity",
"Insect Bites and Stings",
"Male",
"Mastocytosis, Cutaneous",
"Mastocytosis, Systemic",
"Middle Aged",
"Recurrence",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Time Factors",
"Treatment Outcome",
"Wasp Venoms",
"Wasps"
]
} | VIT is safe in cutaneous mastocytosis patients with WA, while caution has to be made in case of systemic mastocytosis. VIT was effective in the patients who were re-stung. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does rush immunotherapy for wasp venom allergy seem safe and effective in patients with mastocytosis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Patients with mastocytosis and wasp venom allergy (WA) may benefit from venom immunotherapy (VIT). However, fatal insect sting reactions have been described in mastocytosis patients despite previous immunotherapy. We investigated the safety and efficacy of (rush) VIT in patients with mastocytosis and WA.', 'To investigate the safety and efficacy of (rush) VIT in patients with mastocytosis and WA.', 'We describe nine patients with cutaneous mastocytosis and WA who received VIT. Cutaneous mastocytosis was confirmed by histopathology and systemic mastocytosis was diagnosed according to World Health Organization criteria. VIT was given according to a rush protocol. Given the difference in safety and efficacy of VIT in patients with WA and honeybee venom allergy, we reviewed the literature for VIT with the focus on WA patients with mastocytosis and addressed the difference between patients with cutaneous versus systemic mastocytosis.', 'Nine patients had WA and mastocytosis, of whom six had cutaneous mastocytosis, two combined cutaneous and systemic mastocytosis and one systemic mastocytosis. All patients received rush IT with wasp venom. Most patients had only mild local side effects, with no systemic side effects during the course of VIT. One patient had a systemic reaction upon injection on one occasion, during the updosing phase, with dyspnoea and hypotension, but responded well to treatment. Immunotherapy was continued after temporary dose adjustment without problems. Two patients with a previous anaphylactic reaction were re-stung, without any systemic effects.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Animals', 'Desensitization, Immunologic', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypersensitivity', 'Insect Bites and Stings', 'Male', 'Mastocytosis, Cutaneous', 'Mastocytosis, Systemic', 'Middle Aged', 'Recurrence', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Time Factors', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Wasp Venoms', 'Wasps']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,546,374 | Does low-Level Vagus Nerve Stimulation attenuate Myocardial Ischemic Reperfusion Injury by Antioxidative Stress and Antiapoptosis Reactions in Canines? | {
"contexts": [
"Low-level vagus nerve stimulation (LL-VNS) has been demonstrated to protect myocardium against acute ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, the underlying mechanism of this protective effect remains unknown.",
"This study aimed to test the hypothesis that LL-VNS exerts cardioprotective effect on acute I/R injury in canines via antioxidative stress and antiapoptosis reactions.",
"Thirty anesthetized mongrel dogs were randomly divided into three groups: I/R group (N = 12, the left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded for 1 hour following by 1 hour reperfusion), LL-VNS group (N = 9, I/R plus LL-VNS), and sham group (N = 9, sham surgery without LL-VNS). The voltage threshold was set at 80% of the voltage required to slow the sinus rate. Infarct size was assessed with Evans Blue and triphenyltetrazolium chloride. Activity assays, TUNEL staining, and western blotting were performed to determine markers of oxidative stress and apoptosis.",
"LL-VNS significantly decreased the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias, increased vagal tone, as confirmed by heart rate viability, and reduced infarct size compared with the I/R group. This improvement was associated with a reduction in myocardial neutrophil infiltration, the inhibition of oxidative stress, and the suppression in cardiomyocyte apoptosis. In contrast, the lack of LL-VNS in the I/R group induced the opposite effect compared with the sham group."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Apoptosis",
"Biomarkers",
"Disease Models, Animal",
"Dogs",
"Heart Rate",
"Malondialdehyde",
"Myocardial Infarction",
"Myocardial Reperfusion Injury",
"Myocardium",
"Oxidative Stress",
"Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2",
"Superoxide Dismutase",
"Time Factors",
"Vagus Nerve Stimulation",
"bcl-2-Associated X Protein"
]
} | LL-VNS exerts protective effects on myocardial I/R injury. Its potential mechanisms involve the suppression of oxidative stress and cellular apoptosis. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does low-Level Vagus Nerve Stimulation attenuate Myocardial Ischemic Reperfusion Injury by Antioxidative Stress and Antiapoptosis Reactions in Canines?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Low-level vagus nerve stimulation (LL-VNS) has been demonstrated to protect myocardium against acute ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, the underlying mechanism of this protective effect remains unknown.', 'This study aimed to test the hypothesis that LL-VNS exerts cardioprotective effect on acute I/R injury in canines via antioxidative stress and antiapoptosis reactions.', 'Thirty anesthetized mongrel dogs were randomly divided into three groups: I/R group (N = 12, the left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded for 1 hour following by 1 hour reperfusion), LL-VNS group (N = 9, I/R plus LL-VNS), and sham group (N = 9, sham surgery without LL-VNS). The voltage threshold was set at 80% of the voltage required to slow the sinus rate. Infarct size was assessed with Evans Blue and triphenyltetrazolium chloride. Activity assays, TUNEL staining, and western blotting were performed to determine markers of oxidative stress and apoptosis.', 'LL-VNS significantly decreased the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias, increased vagal tone, as confirmed by heart rate viability, and reduced infarct size compared with the I/R group. This improvement was associated with a reduction in myocardial neutrophil infiltration, the inhibition of oxidative stress, and the suppression in cardiomyocyte apoptosis. In contrast, the lack of LL-VNS in the I/R group induced the opposite effect compared with the sham group.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Biomarkers', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Dogs', 'Heart Rate', 'Malondialdehyde', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Myocardial Reperfusion Injury', 'Myocardium', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2', 'Superoxide Dismutase', 'Time Factors', 'Vagus Nerve Stimulation', 'bcl-2-Associated X Protein']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,548,745 | Is bone marrow involvement rare in superficial gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma? | {
"contexts": [
"The initial staging work-up of gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma includes bone marrow examination. Since gastric MALT lymphoma is mostly detected in early stages with the national cancer screening programme in Korea, bone marrow is rarely involved.",
"To investigate the incidence of bone marrow involvement in gastric MALT lymphomas and the role of bone marrow examination for an initial staging work-up.",
"Patients diagnosed with gastric MALT lymphoma at Seoul National University Hospital from January 2005 to July 2014 were enrolled. Clinical databases of the patients were retrospectively reviewed.",
"Out of 105 patients, 91 (86.7%) were classified as stage IE1. Among these patients, 78 patients with Helicobacter pylori infection underwent eradication therapy, and complete remission was achieved in 74 cases (94.9%). Twelve out of 13 patients (92.3%) without H. pylori infection underwent radiotherapy or surgery and all achieved complete remission. Bone marrow involvement was proven in only one patient (1.0%)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Anti-Bacterial Agents",
"Biopsy, Fine-Needle",
"Bone Marrow",
"Bone Marrow Neoplasms",
"Child",
"Endosonography",
"Female",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Helicobacter Infections",
"Helicobacter pylori",
"Humans",
"Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Neoplasm Invasiveness",
"Neoplasm Recurrence, Local",
"Neoplasm Staging",
"Positron-Emission Tomography",
"Proton Pump Inhibitors",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Stomach Neoplasms",
"Tomography, X-Ray Computed",
"Young Adult"
]
} | Bone marrow involvement was rare in patients with only superficial gastric MALT lymphoma without extragastric invasion. Further studies are warranted to identify the risk factors of bone marrow involvement in gastric MALT lymphoma. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is bone marrow involvement rare in superficial gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The initial staging work-up of gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma includes bone marrow examination. Since gastric MALT lymphoma is mostly detected in early stages with the national cancer screening programme in Korea, bone marrow is rarely involved.', 'To investigate the incidence of bone marrow involvement in gastric MALT lymphomas and the role of bone marrow examination for an initial staging work-up.', 'Patients diagnosed with gastric MALT lymphoma at Seoul National University Hospital from January 2005 to July 2014 were enrolled. Clinical databases of the patients were retrospectively reviewed.', 'Out of 105 patients, 91 (86.7%) were classified as stage IE1. Among these patients, 78 patients with Helicobacter pylori infection underwent eradication therapy, and complete remission was achieved in 74 cases (94.9%). Twelve out of 13 patients (92.3%) without H. pylori infection underwent radiotherapy or surgery and all achieved complete remission. Bone marrow involvement was proven in only one patient (1.0%).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Biopsy, Fine-Needle', 'Bone Marrow', 'Bone Marrow Neoplasms', 'Child', 'Endosonography', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Helicobacter Infections', 'Helicobacter pylori', 'Humans', 'Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Invasiveness', 'Neoplasm Recurrence, Local', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Positron-Emission Tomography', 'Proton Pump Inhibitors', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Stomach Neoplasms', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,536,055 | Does next-Generation Sequencing of Matched Primary and Metastatic Rectal Adenocarcinomas demonstrate Minimal Mutation Gain and Concordance to Colonic Adenocarcinomas? | {
"contexts": [
"-Colorectal carcinoma is the third most common cause of cancer death in males and females in the United States. Rectal adenocarcinoma can have distinct therapeutic and surgical management from colonic adenocarcinoma owing to its location and anatomic considerations.",
"-To determine the oncologic driver mutations and better understand the molecular pathogenesis of rectal adenocarcinoma in relation to colon adenocarcinoma.",
"-Next-generation sequencing was performed on 20 cases of primary rectal adenocarcinoma with a paired lymph node or solid organ metastasis by using an amplicon-based assay of more than 2800 Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC)-identified somatic mutations.",
"-Next-generation sequencing data were obtained on both the primary tumor and metastasis from 16 patients. Most rectal adenocarcinoma cases demonstrated identical mutations in the primary tumor and metastasis (13 of 16, 81%). The mutations identified, listed in order of frequency, included TP53, KRAS, APC, FBXW7, GNAS, FGFR3, BRAF, NRAS, PIK3CA, and SMAD4."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adenocarcinoma",
"Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein",
"Cell Cycle Proteins",
"Chromogranins",
"Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases",
"Colonic Neoplasms",
"F-Box Proteins",
"F-Box-WD Repeat-Containing Protein 7",
"Female",
"GTP Phosphohydrolases",
"GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs",
"High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Membrane Proteins",
"Middle Aged",
"Mutation",
"Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases",
"Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf",
"Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)",
"Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3",
"Rectal Neoplasms",
"Smad4 Protein",
"Tumor Suppressor Protein p53",
"Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases"
]
} | -The somatic mutations identified in our rectal adenocarcinoma cohort showed a strong correlation to those previously characterized in colonic adenocarcinoma. In addition, most rectal adenocarcinomas harbored identical somatic mutations in both the primary tumor and metastasis. These findings demonstrate evidence that rectal adenocarcinoma follows a similar molecular pathogenesis as colonic adenocarcinoma and that sampling either the primary or metastatic lesion is valid for initial evaluation of somatic mutations and selection of possible targeted therapy. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does next-Generation Sequencing of Matched Primary and Metastatic Rectal Adenocarcinomas demonstrate Minimal Mutation Gain and Concordance to Colonic Adenocarcinomas?\nContext: {'contexts': ['-Colorectal carcinoma is the third most common cause of cancer death in males and females in the United States. Rectal adenocarcinoma can have distinct therapeutic and surgical management from colonic adenocarcinoma owing to its location and anatomic considerations.', '-To determine the oncologic driver mutations and better understand the molecular pathogenesis of rectal adenocarcinoma in relation to colon adenocarcinoma.', '-Next-generation sequencing was performed on 20 cases of primary rectal adenocarcinoma with a paired lymph node or solid organ metastasis by using an amplicon-based assay of more than 2800 Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC)-identified somatic mutations.', '-Next-generation sequencing data were obtained on both the primary tumor and metastasis from 16 patients. Most rectal adenocarcinoma cases demonstrated identical mutations in the primary tumor and metastasis (13 of 16, 81%). The mutations identified, listed in order of frequency, included TP53, KRAS, APC, FBXW7, GNAS, FGFR3, BRAF, NRAS, PIK3CA, and SMAD4.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adenocarcinoma', 'Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein', 'Cell Cycle Proteins', 'Chromogranins', 'Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases', 'Colonic Neoplasms', 'F-Box Proteins', 'F-Box-WD Repeat-Containing Protein 7', 'Female', 'GTP Phosphohydrolases', 'GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs', 'High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Middle Aged', 'Mutation', 'Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)', 'Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3', 'Rectal Neoplasms', 'Smad4 Protein', 'Tumor Suppressor Protein p53', 'Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,531,279 | Does new probing and warm-wash-out technique improve early patency rates in arteriovenous fistula surgery? | {
"contexts": [
"Arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) are commonly used during hemodialysis. Early failure of AVFs is quite common with incidence of 43% to 63%. In this study we aimed to describe a novel approach to AVF surgery for improving early patency rates.",
"Patients were divided into two groups according to use of probing and warm-wash-out technique. Group I consisted of 31 patients with additional probing technique. Group II consisted of 32 patients without additional maneuver. End-to-side anastomosis were used to all patients. Technical success was defined as having palpation of a thrill on fistula. Flow rates of draining vein was measured at 1st hour, 24th hour, 1st week and 3rd week of surgery.",
"Classical maneuvers were performed until end of the anastomosis. At this time, vein lumen was washed by low-dosed heparinized warm fluid, with assistance of a simple catheter.",
"Technical success was similar in both groups at 1st hour and 24th hour, while there were significantly differences between groups at 1st week (p = 0.042) and 3rd week (p = 0.05) assessments. Flow rates were also measured significantly higher in Group I at 1st hour (p = 0.011) and 24th hour (p = 0.016). Flow rates were almost similar in two groups at 1st and 3rd weeks but overall success rate was higher in Group I comparing with Group II (96.8% vs. 81.3%, respectively, p = 0.05)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Arteriovenous Fistula",
"Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical",
"Female",
"Heparin",
"Humans",
"Kidney Failure, Chronic",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Treatment Outcome",
"Ultrasonography",
"Vascular Patency"
]
} | Probing and warm-wash out technique will simply increase the surgical success and flow rate of draining vein. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does new probing and warm-wash-out technique improve early patency rates in arteriovenous fistula surgery?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) are commonly used during hemodialysis. Early failure of AVFs is quite common with incidence of 43% to 63%. In this study we aimed to describe a novel approach to AVF surgery for improving early patency rates.', 'Patients were divided into two groups according to use of probing and warm-wash-out technique. Group I consisted of 31 patients with additional probing technique. Group II consisted of 32 patients without additional maneuver. End-to-side anastomosis were used to all patients. Technical success was defined as having palpation of a thrill on fistula. Flow rates of draining vein was measured at 1st hour, 24th hour, 1st week and 3rd week of surgery.', 'Classical maneuvers were performed until end of the anastomosis. At this time, vein lumen was washed by low-dosed heparinized warm fluid, with assistance of a simple catheter.', 'Technical success was similar in both groups at 1st hour and 24th hour, while there were significantly differences between groups at 1st week (p = 0.042) and 3rd week (p = 0.05) assessments. Flow rates were also measured significantly higher in Group I at 1st hour (p = 0.011) and 24th hour (p = 0.016). Flow rates were almost similar in two groups at 1st and 3rd weeks but overall success rate was higher in Group I comparing with Group II (96.8% vs. 81.3%, respectively, p = 0.05).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Arteriovenous Fistula', 'Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical', 'Female', 'Heparin', 'Humans', 'Kidney Failure, Chronic', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Ultrasonography', 'Vascular Patency']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,545,983 | Are dNA methylation subgroups in melanoma associated with proliferative and immunological processes? | {
"contexts": [
"DNA methylation at CpG dinucleotides is modified in tumorigenesis with potential impact on transcriptional activity.",
"We used the Illumina 450 K platform to evaluate DNA methylation patterns of 50 metastatic melanoma tumors, with matched gene expression data.",
"We identified three different methylation groups and validated the groups in independent data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. One group displayed hypermethylation of a developmental promoter set, genome-wide demethylation, increased proliferation and activity of the SWI/SNF complex. A second group had a methylation pattern resembling stromal and leukocyte cells, over-expressed an immune signature and had improved survival rates in metastatic tumors (p < 0.05). A third group had intermediate methylation levels and expressed both proliferative and immune signatures. The methylation groups corresponded to some degree with previously identified gene expression phenotypes."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Cell Proliferation",
"CpG Islands",
"DNA Methylation",
"Female",
"Gene Expression Profiling",
"Genomics",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Melanoma",
"Neoplasm Metastasis",
"Promoter Regions, Genetic"
]
} | Melanoma consists of divergent methylation groups that are distinguished by promoter methylation, proliferation and content of immunological cells. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are dNA methylation subgroups in melanoma associated with proliferative and immunological processes?\nContext: {'contexts': ['DNA methylation at CpG dinucleotides is modified in tumorigenesis with potential impact on transcriptional activity.', 'We used the Illumina 450 K platform to evaluate DNA methylation patterns of 50 metastatic melanoma tumors, with matched gene expression data.', 'We identified three different methylation groups and validated the groups in independent data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. One group displayed hypermethylation of a developmental promoter set, genome-wide demethylation, increased proliferation and activity of the SWI/SNF complex. A second group had a methylation pattern resembling stromal and leukocyte cells, over-expressed an immune signature and had improved survival rates in metastatic tumors (p < 0.05). A third group had intermediate methylation levels and expressed both proliferative and immune signatures. The methylation groups corresponded to some degree with previously identified gene expression phenotypes.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Cell Proliferation', 'CpG Islands', 'DNA Methylation', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Genomics', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Melanoma', 'Neoplasm Metastasis', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,531,709 | Does horizontal Slide create Less Cervical Motion When Centering an Injured Patient on a Spine Board? | {
"contexts": [
"A patient with a suspected cervical spine injury may be at risk for secondary neurologic injury when initially placed and repositioned to the center of the spine board.",
"We sought to determine which centering adjustment best limits cervical spine movement and minimizes the chance for secondary injury.",
"Using five lightly embalmed cadaveric specimens with a created global instability at C5-C6, motion sensors were anchored to the anterior surface of the vertebral bodies. Three repositioning methods were used to center the cadavers on the spine board: horizontal slide, diagonal slide, and V-adjustment. An electromagnetic tracking device measured angular (degrees) and translation (millimeters) motions at the C5-C6 level during each of the three centering adjustments. The dependent variables were angular motion (flexion-extension, axial rotation, lateral flexion) and translational displacement (anteroposterior, axial, and medial-lateral).",
"The nonuniform condition produced significantly less flexion-extension than the uniform condition (p = 0.048). The horizontal slide adjustment produced less cervical flexion-extension (p = 0.015), lateral bending (p = 0.003), and axial rotation (p = 0.034) than the V-adjustment. Similarly, translation was significantly less with the horizontal adjustment than with the V-adjustment; medial-lateral (p = 0.017), axial (p < 0.001), and anteroposterior (p = 0.006)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Biomechanical Phenomena",
"Cadaver",
"Cervical Vertebrae",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Immobilization",
"Joint Instability",
"Male",
"Movement",
"Moving and Lifting Patients",
"Neck Injuries",
"Patient Positioning",
"Spinal Injuries"
]
} | Of the three adjustments, our team found that horizontal slide was also easier to complete than the other methods. The horizontal slide best limited cervical spine motion and may be the most helpful for minimizing secondary injury based on the study findings. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does horizontal Slide create Less Cervical Motion When Centering an Injured Patient on a Spine Board?\nContext: {'contexts': ['A patient with a suspected cervical spine injury may be at risk for secondary neurologic injury when initially placed and repositioned to the center of the spine board.', 'We sought to determine which centering adjustment best limits cervical spine movement and minimizes the chance for secondary injury.', 'Using five lightly embalmed cadaveric specimens with a created global instability at C5-C6, motion sensors were anchored to the anterior surface of the vertebral bodies. Three repositioning methods were used to center the cadavers on the spine board: horizontal slide, diagonal slide, and V-adjustment. An electromagnetic tracking device measured angular (degrees) and translation (millimeters) motions at the C5-C6 level during each of the three centering adjustments. The dependent variables were angular motion (flexion-extension, axial rotation, lateral flexion) and translational displacement (anteroposterior, axial, and medial-lateral).', 'The nonuniform condition produced significantly less flexion-extension than the uniform condition (p\\xa0=\\xa00.048). The horizontal slide adjustment produced less cervical flexion-extension (p\\xa0=\\xa00.015), lateral bending (p\\xa0=\\xa00.003), and axial rotation (p\\xa0=\\xa00.034) than the V-adjustment. Similarly, translation was significantly less with the horizontal adjustment than with the V-adjustment; medial-lateral (p\\xa0=\\xa00.017), axial (p\\xa0<\\xa00.001), and anteroposterior (p\\xa0=\\xa00.006).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Cadaver', 'Cervical Vertebrae', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immobilization', 'Joint Instability', 'Male', 'Movement', 'Moving and Lifting Patients', 'Neck Injuries', 'Patient Positioning', 'Spinal Injuries']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,541,263 | Is serum dipeptidyl peptidase-4 associated with multiple vertebral fractures in type 2 diabetes mellitus? | {
"contexts": [
"Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have a high risk of fracture although they have slightly higher bone mineral density (BMD). There is no evidence that dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is involved in the bone fragility of the patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between serum DPP-4 levels and vertebral fractures (VFs) in men with T2DM.",
"We conducted a cross-sectional study and investigated the relationships between serum DPP-4 levels vs BMD at lumbar spine, femoral neck and radius, bone turnover markers and presence of VFs in 204 Japanese male patients.",
"Multiple regression analyses adjusted for confounders such as age, duration of diabetes, body mass index, serum creatinine, HbA1c, serum albumin, log(alanine transaminase), and log(C-reactive protein) showed that serum DPP-4 was positively associated with bone formation markers (bone-specific alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin) as well as a bone resorption marker [tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP-5b)] (β = 0·25, P < 0·01; β = 0·17, P < 0·05; and β = 0·30, P < 0·01, respectively), but not BMD at each site. Multivariate logistic regression analyses adjusted for the confounders described above revealed that serum DPP-4 levels were associated with the presence of multiple VFs (odds ratio 1·61, 95% confidential interval 1·05-2·49 per SD increase, P < 0·05). This association was still significant after additional adjustment for any sites of BMD or bone turnover markers except for TRACP-5b."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Alkaline Phosphatase",
"Body Mass Index",
"Bone Density",
"Bone and Bones",
"Creatinine",
"Cross-Sectional Studies",
"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2",
"Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4",
"Glycated Hemoglobin A",
"Humans",
"Logistic Models",
"Lumbar Vertebrae",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Multivariate Analysis",
"Osteocalcin",
"Serum Albumin",
"Spinal Fractures",
"Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase"
]
} | We firstly showed that high level of serum DPP-4 is associated with prevalent multiple VFs independently of BMD and bone formation in men with T2DM. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is serum dipeptidyl peptidase-4 associated with multiple vertebral fractures in type 2 diabetes mellitus?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have a high risk of fracture although they have slightly higher bone mineral density (BMD). There is no evidence that dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is involved in the bone fragility of the patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between serum DPP-4 levels and vertebral fractures (VFs) in men with T2DM.', 'We conducted a cross-sectional study and investigated the relationships between serum DPP-4 levels vs BMD at lumbar spine, femoral neck and radius, bone turnover markers and presence of VFs in 204 Japanese male patients.', 'Multiple regression analyses adjusted for confounders such as age, duration of diabetes, body mass index, serum creatinine, HbA1c, serum albumin, log(alanine transaminase), and log(C-reactive protein) showed that serum DPP-4 was positively associated with bone formation markers (bone-specific alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin) as well as a bone resorption marker [tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP-5b)] (β = 0·25, P < 0·01; β = 0·17, P < 0·05; and β = 0·30, P < 0·01, respectively), but not BMD at each site. Multivariate logistic regression analyses adjusted for the confounders described above revealed that serum DPP-4 levels were associated with the presence of multiple VFs (odds ratio 1·61, 95% confidential interval 1·05-2·49 per SD increase, P < 0·05). This association was still significant after additional adjustment for any sites of BMD or bone turnover markers except for TRACP-5b.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Alkaline Phosphatase', 'Body Mass Index', 'Bone Density', 'Bone and Bones', 'Creatinine', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4', 'Glycated Hemoglobin A', 'Humans', 'Logistic Models', 'Lumbar Vertebrae', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Osteocalcin', 'Serum Albumin', 'Spinal Fractures', 'Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,526,232 | Are gender differences in scalp hair growth rates maintained but reduced in pattern hair loss compared to controls? | {
"contexts": [
"Hair loss is related to follicular density, programmed regrowth and hair productivity.",
"The dissatisfaction with hair growth in patients experiencing hair loss might be due to slower linear hair growth rate (LHGR).",
"LHGR and hair diameter was evaluated in Caucasian controls and patients with patterned hair loss employing the validated non-invasive, contrast-enhanced-phototrichogram with exogen collection.",
"We evaluated 59,765 anagen hairs (controls 24,609, patients 35,156) and found thinner hairs grew slower than thicker hairs. LHGR in normal women was generally higher than in normal men. LHGR correlates with hair diameter (P < 0.006) and global thinning is associated with slower growth rates. Compared with hair of equal thickness in controls, subjects affected with patterned hair loss showed reduced hair growth rates, an observation found in both male and female patients. Males with pattern hair loss showed further reduction in growth rates as clinical severity worsened. However, sample size limitations prevented statistical evaluation of LHGR in severely affected females."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Alopecia",
"Female",
"Hair",
"Humans",
"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted",
"Male",
"Photography",
"Reproducibility of Results",
"Scalp",
"Scalp Dermatoses",
"Sensitivity and Specificity",
"Sex Factors",
"Young Adult"
]
} | Caucasian ethnicity. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are gender differences in scalp hair growth rates maintained but reduced in pattern hair loss compared to controls?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Hair loss is related to follicular density, programmed regrowth and hair productivity.', 'The dissatisfaction with hair growth in patients experiencing hair loss might be due to slower linear hair growth rate (LHGR).', 'LHGR and hair diameter was evaluated in Caucasian controls and patients with patterned hair loss employing the validated non-invasive, contrast-enhanced-phototrichogram with exogen collection.', 'We evaluated 59,765 anagen hairs (controls 24,609, patients 35,156) and found thinner hairs grew slower than thicker hairs. LHGR in normal women was generally higher than in normal men. LHGR correlates with hair diameter (P < 0.006) and global thinning is associated with slower growth rates. Compared with hair of equal thickness in controls, subjects affected with patterned hair loss showed reduced hair growth rates, an observation found in both male and female patients. Males with pattern hair loss showed further reduction in growth rates as clinical severity worsened. However, sample size limitations prevented statistical evaluation of LHGR in severely affected females.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Alopecia', 'Female', 'Hair', 'Humans', 'Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted', 'Male', 'Photography', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Scalp', 'Scalp Dermatoses', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Sex Factors', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,540,149 | Does neuromuscular Blocking Agent Cisatracurium attenuate Lung Injury by Inhibition of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor-α1? | {
"contexts": [
"Neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) bind the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α1 (nAChRα1) that also contributes to inflammatory signaling. Thus, the author hypothesized that the use of NMBA mitigates lung injury by improving ventilator synchrony and decreasing inflammatory responses.",
"Lung injury was induced by intratracheal instillation of hydrogen chloride in rats that were randomized to receive no NMBA with evidence of asynchronous ventilation (noNMBA/aSYNC, n = 10); no NMBA with synchronous ventilation (noNMBA/SYNC, n = 10); cisatracurium (CIS, n = 10); or pancuronium (PAN, n = 10). Mechanical ventilation was set at a tidal volume of 6 ml/kg and positive end-expiratory pressure 8 cm H2O for 3 h. Human lung epithelial, endothelial, and CD14⁺ cells were challenged with mechanical stretch, lipopolysaccharide, lung lavage fluids (bronchoalveolar lavage fluid), or plasma obtained from patients (n = 5) with acute respiratory distress syndrome, in the presence or absence of CIS or small-interfering RNA and small hairpin RNA to attenuate the cell expression of nAChRα1.",
"The use of CIS and PAN improved respiratory compliance (7.2 ± 0.7 in noNMBA/aSYNC, 6.6 ± 0.5 in noNMBA/SYNC, 5.9 ± 0.3 in CIS, and 5.8 ± 0.4 cm H2O/l in PAN; P < 0.05), increased PaO2 (140 ± 54, 209 ± 46, 269 ± 31, and 269 ± 54 mmHg, respectively, P < 0.05), and decreased the plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (509 ± 252 in noNMBA, 200 ± 74 in CIS, and 175 ± 84 pg/ml in PAN; P < 0.05) and interleukin-6 (5789 ± 79, 1608 ± 534, and 2290 ± 315 pg/ml, respectively; P < 0.05). The use of CIS and PAN or silencing the receptor nAChRα1 resulted in decreased cytokine release in the human cells in response to a variety of stimuli mentioned earlier."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Analysis of Variance",
"Animals",
"Atracurium",
"Disease Models, Animal",
"Inflammation",
"Lung Injury",
"Male",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred C57BL",
"Neuromuscular Blocking Agents",
"Rats",
"Rats, Sprague-Dawley",
"Receptors, Nicotinic"
]
} | The use of NMBA is lung protective through its antiinflammatory properties by blocking the nAChRα1. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does neuromuscular Blocking Agent Cisatracurium attenuate Lung Injury by Inhibition of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor-α1?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) bind the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α1 (nAChRα1) that also contributes to inflammatory signaling. Thus, the author hypothesized that the use of NMBA mitigates lung injury by improving ventilator synchrony and decreasing inflammatory responses.', 'Lung injury was induced by intratracheal instillation of hydrogen chloride in rats that were randomized to receive no NMBA with evidence of asynchronous ventilation (noNMBA/aSYNC, n = 10); no NMBA with synchronous ventilation (noNMBA/SYNC, n = 10); cisatracurium (CIS, n = 10); or pancuronium (PAN, n = 10). Mechanical ventilation was set at a tidal volume of 6 ml/kg and positive end-expiratory pressure 8 cm H2O for 3 h. Human lung epithelial, endothelial, and CD14⁺ cells were challenged with mechanical stretch, lipopolysaccharide, lung lavage fluids (bronchoalveolar lavage fluid), or plasma obtained from patients (n = 5) with acute respiratory distress syndrome, in the presence or absence of CIS or small-interfering RNA and small hairpin RNA to attenuate the cell expression of nAChRα1.', 'The use of CIS and PAN improved respiratory compliance (7.2 ± 0.7 in noNMBA/aSYNC, 6.6 ± 0.5 in noNMBA/SYNC, 5.9 ± 0.3 in CIS, and 5.8 ± 0.4 cm H2O/l in PAN; P < 0.05), increased PaO2 (140 ± 54, 209 ± 46, 269 ± 31, and 269 ± 54 mmHg, respectively, P < 0.05), and decreased the plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (509 ± 252 in noNMBA, 200 ± 74 in CIS, and 175 ± 84 pg/ml in PAN; P < 0.05) and interleukin-6 (5789 ± 79, 1608 ± 534, and 2290 ± 315 pg/ml, respectively; P < 0.05). The use of CIS and PAN or silencing the receptor nAChRα1 resulted in decreased cytokine release in the human cells in response to a variety of stimuli mentioned earlier.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Analysis of Variance', 'Animals', 'Atracurium', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Inflammation', 'Lung Injury', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Neuromuscular Blocking Agents', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Receptors, Nicotinic']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,546,412 | Does bone morphogenetic protein 7 sensitize O6-methylguanine methyltransferase expressing-glioblastoma stem cells to clinically relevant dose of temozolomide? | {
"contexts": [
"Temozolomide (TMZ) is an oral DNA-alkylating agent used for treating patients with glioblastoma. However, therapeutic benefits of TMZ can be compromised by the expression of O6-methylguanine methyltransferase (MGMT) in tumor tissue. Here we used MGMT-expressing glioblastoma stem cells (GSC) lines as a model for investigating the molecular mechanism underlying TMZ resistance, while aiming to explore a new treatment strategy designed to possibly overcome resistance to the clinically relevant dose of TMZ (35 μM).",
"MGMT-expressing GSC cultures are resistant to TMZ, and IC50 (half maximal inhibitory concentration) is estimated at around 500 μM. Clonogenic GSC surviving 500 μM TMZ (GSC-500 μM TMZ), were isolated. Molecular signatures were identified via comparative analysis of expression microarray against parental GSC (GSC-parental). The recombinant protein of top downregulated signature was used as a single agent or in combination with TMZ, for evaluating therapeutic effects of treatment of GSC.",
"The molecular signatures characterized an activation of protective stress responses in GSC-500 μM TMZ, mainly including biotransformation/detoxification of xenobiotics, blocked endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and inhibited growth/differentiation. Bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) was identified as the top down-regulated gene in GSC-500 μM TMZ. Although augmenting BMP7 signaling in GSC by exogenous BMP7 treatment did not effectively stop GSC growth, it markedly sensitized both GSC-500 μM TMZ and GSC-parental to 35 μM TMZ treatment, leading to loss of self-renewal and migration capacity. BMP7 treatment induced senescence of GSC cultures and suppressed mRNA expression of CD133, MGMT, and ATP-binding cassette drug efflux transporters (ABCB1, ABCG2), as well as reconfigured transcriptional profiles in GSC by downregulating genes associated with EMT/migration/invasion, stemness, inflammation/immune response, and cell proliferation/tumorigenesis. BMP7 treatment significantly prolonged survival time of animals intracranially inoculated with GSC when compared to those untreated or treated with TMZ alone (p = 0.0017), whereas combination of two agents further extended animal survival compared to BMP7 alone (p = 0.0489)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating",
"Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7",
"Cell Proliferation",
"Cell Survival",
"DNA Modification Methylases",
"Dacarbazine",
"Drug Resistance, Neoplasm",
"Glioblastoma",
"Guanine",
"Humans",
"Neoplastic Stem Cells",
"Temozolomide",
"Tumor Cells, Cultured"
]
} | These data support the view that reduced endogenous BMP7 expression/signaling in GSC may contribute to maintained stemness, EMT, and chemoresistant phenotype, suggesting that BMP7 treatment may provide a novel strategy in combination with TMZ for an effective treatment of glioblastoma exhibiting unmethylated MGMT. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does bone morphogenetic protein 7 sensitize O6-methylguanine methyltransferase expressing-glioblastoma stem cells to clinically relevant dose of temozolomide?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Temozolomide (TMZ) is an oral DNA-alkylating agent used for treating patients with glioblastoma. However, therapeutic benefits of TMZ can be compromised by the expression of O6-methylguanine methyltransferase (MGMT) in tumor tissue. Here we used MGMT-expressing glioblastoma stem cells (GSC) lines as a model for investigating the molecular mechanism underlying TMZ resistance, while aiming to explore a new treatment strategy designed to possibly overcome resistance to the clinically relevant dose of TMZ (35\\xa0μM).', 'MGMT-expressing GSC cultures are resistant to TMZ, and IC50 (half maximal inhibitory concentration) is estimated at around 500\\xa0μM. Clonogenic GSC surviving 500\\xa0μM TMZ (GSC-500\\xa0μM TMZ), were isolated. Molecular signatures were identified via comparative analysis of expression microarray against parental GSC (GSC-parental). The recombinant protein of top downregulated signature was used as a single agent or in combination with TMZ, for evaluating therapeutic effects of treatment of GSC.', 'The molecular signatures characterized an activation of protective stress responses in GSC-500\\xa0μM TMZ, mainly including biotransformation/detoxification of xenobiotics, blocked endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and inhibited growth/differentiation. Bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) was identified as the top down-regulated gene in GSC-500\\xa0μM TMZ. Although augmenting BMP7 signaling in GSC by exogenous BMP7 treatment did not effectively stop GSC growth, it markedly sensitized both GSC-500\\xa0μM TMZ and GSC-parental to 35\\xa0μM TMZ treatment, leading to loss of self-renewal and migration capacity. BMP7 treatment induced senescence of GSC cultures and suppressed mRNA expression of CD133, MGMT, and ATP-binding cassette drug efflux transporters (ABCB1, ABCG2), as well as reconfigured transcriptional profiles in GSC by downregulating genes associated with EMT/migration/invasion, stemness, inflammation/immune response, and cell proliferation/tumorigenesis. BMP7 treatment significantly prolonged survival time of animals intracranially inoculated with GSC when compared to those untreated or treated with TMZ alone (p\\u2009=\\u20090.0017), whereas combination of two agents further extended animal survival compared to BMP7 alone (p\\u2009=\\u20090.0489).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating', 'Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Cell Survival', 'DNA Modification Methylases', 'Dacarbazine', 'Drug Resistance, Neoplasm', 'Glioblastoma', 'Guanine', 'Humans', 'Neoplastic Stem Cells', 'Temozolomide', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,546,411 | Is p21 deficiency susceptible to osteoarthritis through STAT3 phosphorylation? | {
"contexts": [
"Osteoarthritis (OA) is a multifactorial disease, and recent studies have suggested that cell cycle-related proteins play a role in OA pathology. p21 was initially identified as a potent inhibitor of cell cycle progression. However, it has been proposed that p21 is a regulator of transcription factor activity. In this study, we evaluated the role of p21 in response to biomechanical stress.",
"Human chondrocytes were treated with p21-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA), and cyclic tensile strain was introduced in the presence or absence of a signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)-specific inhibitor. Further, we developed an in vivo OA model in a p21-knockout background for in vivo experiments.",
"The expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP13) mRNA increased in response to cyclic tensile strain following transfection with p21 siRNA, whereas the expression of aggrecan was decreased. Phospho-STAT3 and MMP-13 protein levels increased following downregulation of p21, and this was reversed by treatment with a STAT3 inhibitor. p21-deficient mice were susceptible to OA, and this was associated with increased STAT3 phosphorylation, elevated MMP-13 expression, and elevation of synovial inflammation. The expression of p21 mRNA was decreased and phosphorylation of STAT3 was elevated in human OA chondrocytes."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Blotting, Western",
"Cartilage, Articular",
"Chondrocytes",
"Gene Expression Regulation",
"Humans",
"Immunohistochemistry",
"Male",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred C57BL",
"Mice, Knockout",
"Osteoarthritis",
"Phosphorylation",
"Polymerase Chain Reaction",
"RNA, Small Interfering",
"STAT3 Transcription Factor",
"Stress, Mechanical",
"Transfection",
"p21-Activated Kinases"
]
} | The lack of p21 has catabolic effects by regulation of aggrecan and MMP-13 expression through STAT3 phosphorylation in the cartilage tissue. p21 may function as a regulator of transcriptional factors other than the inhibitor of cell cycle progression in the cartilage tissue. Thus, the regulation of p21 may be a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of OA. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is p21 deficiency susceptible to osteoarthritis through STAT3 phosphorylation?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Osteoarthritis (OA) is a multifactorial disease, and recent studies have suggested that cell cycle-related proteins play a role in OA pathology. p21 was initially identified as a potent inhibitor of cell cycle progression. However, it has been proposed that p21 is a regulator of transcription factor activity. In this study, we evaluated the role of p21 in response to biomechanical stress.', 'Human chondrocytes were treated with p21-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA), and cyclic tensile strain was introduced in the presence or absence of a signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)-specific inhibitor. Further, we developed an in vivo OA model in a p21-knockout background for in vivo experiments.', 'The expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP13) mRNA increased in response to cyclic tensile strain following transfection with p21 siRNA, whereas the expression of aggrecan was decreased. Phospho-STAT3 and MMP-13 protein levels increased following downregulation of p21, and this was reversed by treatment with a STAT3 inhibitor. p21-deficient mice were susceptible to OA, and this was associated with increased STAT3 phosphorylation, elevated MMP-13 expression, and elevation of synovial inflammation. The expression of p21 mRNA was decreased and phosphorylation of STAT3 was elevated in human OA chondrocytes.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Blotting, Western', 'Cartilage, Articular', 'Chondrocytes', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Osteoarthritis', 'Phosphorylation', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'RNA, Small Interfering', 'STAT3 Transcription Factor', 'Stress, Mechanical', 'Transfection', 'p21-Activated Kinases']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,550,135 | Does herbal compound Naoshuantong capsule attenuate retinal injury in ischemia/reperfusion rat model by inhibiting apoptosis? | {
"contexts": [
"Ischemic ophthalmopathy threatens people's lives and health. The herbal compound medication, Naoshuantong capsule, plays a critical role in the treatment of cardiac-cerebral vascular diseases; however, the roles and mechanisms of action of Naoshuantong capsule in ischemic ophthalmopathy is unknown. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect and mechanism of action of Naoshuantong capsule on ischemic ophthalmopathy in rats.",
"In this study a rat model of ischemic ophthalmopathy was constructed using a high intra-ocular pressure-induced ischemia/reperfusion model. The effects of Naoshuantong capsule on ischemic ophthalmopathy were detected using electroretinography, and changes in retinal ultrastructure were examined by HE staining and electron microscopy. The mechanism of action of Naoshuantong capsule on ischemic ophthalmopathy was explored by immunofluorescence and real-time PCR.",
"Rat models of ischemic ophthalmopathy were successfully constructed by intra-ocular hypertension, which presented decreased amplitudes of the electroretinogram (ERG-b) wave and total retinal thickness, intracellular damage, increased expression of Bax and caspase 3, and decreased expression of Bcl-2. Treatment with Naoshuantong capsule attenuated the changes and damage to the ischemic retina in the rat model, inhibited the over-expression of Bax and caspase 3, and increased the expression of Bcl-2."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": []
} | Our study indicated that Naoshuantong capsule attenuates retinal damage in rat models of ischemic ophthalmopathy, possibly by inhibiting apoptosis. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does herbal compound Naoshuantong capsule attenuate retinal injury in ischemia/reperfusion rat model by inhibiting apoptosis?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"Ischemic ophthalmopathy threatens people's lives and health. The herbal compound medication, Naoshuantong capsule, plays a critical role in the treatment of cardiac-cerebral vascular diseases; however, the roles and mechanisms of action of Naoshuantong capsule in ischemic ophthalmopathy is unknown. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect and mechanism of action of Naoshuantong capsule on ischemic ophthalmopathy in rats.\", 'In this study a rat model of ischemic ophthalmopathy was constructed using a high intra-ocular pressure-induced ischemia/reperfusion model. The effects of Naoshuantong capsule on ischemic ophthalmopathy were detected using electroretinography, and changes in retinal ultrastructure were examined by HE staining and electron microscopy. The mechanism of action of Naoshuantong capsule on ischemic ophthalmopathy was explored by immunofluorescence and real-time PCR.', 'Rat models of ischemic ophthalmopathy were successfully constructed by intra-ocular hypertension, which presented decreased amplitudes of the electroretinogram (ERG-b) wave and total retinal thickness, intracellular damage, increased expression of Bax and caspase 3, and decreased expression of Bcl-2. Treatment with Naoshuantong capsule attenuated the changes and damage to the ischemic retina in the rat model, inhibited the over-expression of Bax and caspase 3, and increased the expression of Bcl-2.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': []}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,537,248 | Does tLE6 mutation cause the earliest known human embryonic lethality? | {
"contexts": [
"Embryonic lethality is a recognized phenotypic expression of individual gene mutations in model organisms. However, identifying embryonic lethal genes in humans is challenging, especially when the phenotype is manifested at the preimplantation stage.",
"In an ongoing effort to exploit the highly consanguineous nature of the Saudi population to catalog recessively acting embryonic lethal genes in humans, we have identified two families with a female-limited infertility phenotype. Using autozygosity mapping and whole exome sequencing, we map this phenotype to a single mutation in TLE6, a maternal effect gene that encodes a member of the subcortical maternal complex in mammalian oocytes. Consistent with the published phenotype of mouse Tle6 mutants, embryos from female patients who are homozygous for the TLE6 mutation fail to undergo early cleavage, with resulting sterility. The human mutation abrogates TLE6 phosphorylation, a step that is reported to be critical for the PKA-mediated progression of oocyte meiosis II. Furthermore, the TLE6 mutation impairs its binding to components of the subcortical maternal complex."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Animals",
"Consanguinity",
"Embryonic Development",
"Female",
"Fertilization in Vitro",
"Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental",
"Genes, Lethal",
"Genetic Linkage",
"Humans",
"Infertility, Female",
"Male",
"Meiosis",
"Mice",
"Mutation",
"Oocytes",
"Phenotype",
"Saudi Arabia",
"Transcription Factors"
]
} | In this first report of a human defect in a member of the subcortical maternal subcritical maternal complex, we show that the TLE6 mutation is gender-specific and leads to the earliest known human embryonic lethality phenotype. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does tLE6 mutation cause the earliest known human embryonic lethality?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Embryonic lethality is a recognized phenotypic expression of individual gene mutations in model organisms. However, identifying embryonic lethal genes in humans is challenging, especially when the phenotype is manifested at the preimplantation stage.', 'In an ongoing effort to exploit the highly consanguineous nature of the Saudi population to catalog recessively acting embryonic lethal genes in humans, we have identified two families with a female-limited infertility phenotype. Using autozygosity mapping and whole exome sequencing, we map this phenotype to a single mutation in TLE6, a maternal effect gene that encodes a member of the subcortical maternal complex in mammalian oocytes. Consistent with the published phenotype of mouse Tle6 mutants, embryos from female patients who are homozygous for the TLE6 mutation fail to undergo early cleavage, with resulting sterility. The human mutation abrogates TLE6 phosphorylation, a step that is reported to be critical for the PKA-mediated progression of oocyte meiosis II. Furthermore, the TLE6 mutation impairs its binding to components of the subcortical maternal complex.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Animals', 'Consanguinity', 'Embryonic Development', 'Female', 'Fertilization in Vitro', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental', 'Genes, Lethal', 'Genetic Linkage', 'Humans', 'Infertility, Female', 'Male', 'Meiosis', 'Mice', 'Mutation', 'Oocytes', 'Phenotype', 'Saudi Arabia', 'Transcription Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,541,007 | Does atrial electrogram interpretation improve after an innovative education program? | {
"contexts": [
"To avoid adverse patient outcomes from inappropriate treatment, it is recommended that an atrial electrogram (AEG) be recorded whenever atrial arrhythmias develop in patients after cardiac surgery. However, AEGs are not commonly performed because nurses lack knowledge about differentiating atrial rhythms on AEGs.",
"To investigate whether completing a novel online evidence-based education program on interpreting AEGs would improve critical care nurses' AEG interpretation.",
"Specialized critical care nurses were taught about obtaining and interpreting atrial rhythms on AEGs using a 42-minute online mini-movie. AEG interpretation was assessed pre and two and eight weeks post-intervention.",
"AEG interpretation increased two weeks post intervention and was retained at eight weeks. Some participants used this newly acquired knowledge to interpret arrhythmias that were not taught during the education program."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Atrial Fibrillation",
"Australia",
"Computer-Assisted Instruction",
"Critical Care Nursing",
"Education, Nursing, Continuing",
"Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac",
"Evidence-Based Nursing",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Nursing Diagnosis",
"Nursing Staff, Hospital",
"Postoperative Care",
"Practice Guidelines as Topic"
]
} | Accurate interpretation of AEGs is an easy skill for specialized critical care nurses to learn via an online education program. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does atrial electrogram interpretation improve after an innovative education program?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To avoid adverse patient outcomes from inappropriate treatment, it is recommended that an atrial electrogram (AEG) be recorded whenever atrial arrhythmias develop in patients after cardiac surgery. However, AEGs are not commonly performed because nurses lack knowledge about differentiating atrial rhythms on AEGs.', \"To investigate whether completing a novel online evidence-based education program on interpreting AEGs would improve critical care nurses' AEG interpretation.\", 'Specialized critical care nurses were taught about obtaining and interpreting atrial rhythms on AEGs using a 42-minute online mini-movie. AEG interpretation was assessed pre and two and eight weeks post-intervention.', 'AEG interpretation increased two weeks post intervention and was retained at eight weeks. Some participants used this newly acquired knowledge to interpret arrhythmias that were not taught during the education program.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Atrial Fibrillation', 'Australia', 'Computer-Assisted Instruction', 'Critical Care Nursing', 'Education, Nursing, Continuing', 'Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac', 'Evidence-Based Nursing', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nursing Diagnosis', 'Nursing Staff, Hospital', 'Postoperative Care', 'Practice Guidelines as Topic']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,547,591 | Does cFTR potentiator therapy ameliorate impaired insulin secretion in CF patients with a gating mutation? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the effect of treatment with ivacaftor on insulin secretion in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) (ΔF508\\S549R) having CFRD/impaired insulin secretion.",
"A standard OGTT was performed before and after 16weeks of treatment with ivacaftor in 2 sibling patients with CF carrying the S549R gating mutation. The area under the curve (AUC) for glucose and insulin was calculated using the trapezoidal estimation.",
"Before treatment, the OGTT of case 1 showed indeterminate glycemia; the OGTT of case 2 indicated CFRD. After ivacaftor treatment the OGTT demonstrated improved insulin secretion pattern mainly by increased first phase early insulin secretion, resulting in reduction of the AUC of glucose in both cases."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aminophenols",
"Blood Glucose",
"Chloride Channel Agonists",
"Cystic Fibrosis",
"Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Insulin",
"Male",
"Mutation",
"Quinolones",
"Siblings",
"Treatment Outcome",
"Young Adult"
]
} | The treatment with ivacaftor in patients with CF carrying gating mutation can ameliorate impaired insulin secretion. Further studies and larger cohorts are needed to evaluate the impact of ivacaftor on insulin secretion in patients with CF carrying gating or other mutations. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does cFTR potentiator therapy ameliorate impaired insulin secretion in CF patients with a gating mutation?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To investigate the effect of treatment with ivacaftor on insulin secretion in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) (ΔF508\\\\S549R) having CFRD/impaired insulin secretion.', 'A standard OGTT was performed before and after 16weeks of treatment with ivacaftor in 2 sibling patients with CF carrying the S549R gating mutation. The area under the curve (AUC) for glucose and insulin was calculated using the trapezoidal estimation.', 'Before treatment, the OGTT of case 1 showed indeterminate glycemia; the OGTT of case 2 indicated CFRD. After ivacaftor treatment the OGTT demonstrated improved insulin secretion pattern mainly by increased first phase early insulin secretion, resulting in reduction of the AUC of glucose in both cases.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aminophenols', 'Blood Glucose', 'Chloride Channel Agonists', 'Cystic Fibrosis', 'Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Insulin', 'Male', 'Mutation', 'Quinolones', 'Siblings', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,547,330 | Does [ Methylglyoxal inhibit human umbilical vein cell migration in vitro by down-regulating integrinβ3 ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To explore the effects of methylglyoxal on endothelia cell migration.",
"Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were stimulated by serial concentrations of methylglyoxal (MGO, 0, 25, 50, 100 and 200 µmol/L) for 24 h, and the cell migration was assessed by scratch wound and Transwell assay. The expression of integrin β3 in the treated cells was examined by immunoblotting, and the effect of an anti-β3 antibody, LM609, on cell migration was investigated.",
"Methylglyoxal significantly inhibited HUVEC migration in a concentration-dependent manner (P<0.05). Methylglyoxal decreased the expression of integrin β3 in a time- and concentration-dependent manner (P<0.05). LM609 also significantly inhibited HUVEC migration (P<0.05)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Cell Movement",
"Cells, Cultured",
"Down-Regulation",
"Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells",
"Humans",
"Integrin beta3",
"Pyruvaldehyde"
]
} | Methylglyoxal inhibits HUVEC migration in vitro by down-regulating integrin β3 expression. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does [ Methylglyoxal inhibit human umbilical vein cell migration in vitro by down-regulating integrinβ3 ]?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To explore the effects of methylglyoxal on endothelia cell migration.', 'Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were stimulated by serial concentrations of methylglyoxal (MGO, 0, 25, 50, 100 and 200 µmol/L) for 24 h, and the cell migration was assessed by scratch wound and Transwell assay. The expression of integrin β3 in the treated cells was examined by immunoblotting, and the effect of an anti-β3 antibody, LM609, on cell migration was investigated.', 'Methylglyoxal significantly inhibited HUVEC migration in a concentration-dependent manner (P<0.05). Methylglyoxal decreased the expression of integrin β3 in a time- and concentration-dependent manner (P<0.05). LM609 also significantly inhibited HUVEC migration (P<0.05).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Cell Movement', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Down-Regulation', 'Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells', 'Humans', 'Integrin beta3', 'Pyruvaldehyde']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,554,252 | Is cYP2C9 Genetic Polymorphism a Potential Predictive Marker for the Efficacy of Rosuvastatin Therapy? | {
"contexts": [
"There is well-known inter-individual variability in the cholesterol-lowering effect of statins. However, inter-individual variability in response to rosuvastatin treatment in subjects with hypercholesterolemia has not been clearly established. This study aimed to evaluate the associations of CYP2C9 genetic polymorphism with the efficacy and safety of rosuvastatin in Chinese patients with hyperlipidemia.",
"A total of 218 patients with hyperlipidemia were selected and treated with 10 mg rosuvastatin per day for 12 weeks. Blood samples were collected prior to the treatment and after 4, 8, and 12 weeks of treatment. Clinical biochemistry analyses for serum lipid profiles were performed. Genotyping for CYP2C9 polymorphisms was performed using allele-specific real-time PCR.",
"197 out of 218 patients featured a wild-type CYP2C9*1/*1 genotype, and 21 patients featured a CYP2C9*1/*3 or CYP2C9*3/*3 mutation genotype. No patients with CYP2C9*2 alleles were identified. Sixteen patients discontinued the medication due to adverse effects. No serious adverse events (i.e., hepatotoxicity or myolysis) were observed. After the 12 weeks of treatment, we observed significant reductions in total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels compared to baseline (p < 0.05). Patients with the mutant genotype showed a higher TC-lowering and LDL-lowing effect compared to those with wild-type genotypes (TC: 45.05% vs. 38.96%, p = 0.041; LDL: 44.97% vs. 39.28%, p = 0.029). The frequency of adverse drug reactions in the studied patients did not differ by CYP2C9 genotypes (p > 0.05)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Alleles",
"Asian Continental Ancestry Group",
"China",
"Cholesterol",
"Cholesterol, LDL",
"Combined Modality Therapy",
"Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9",
"Diet, Fat-Restricted",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors",
"Hyperlipidemias",
"Inactivation, Metabolic",
"Individuality",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Polymorphism, Genetic",
"Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction",
"Rosuvastatin Calcium"
]
} | This study suggests that the CYP2C9 polymorphism may be involved in the lipid-lowering efficacy of rosuvastatin in patients with hyperlipidemia. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is cYP2C9 Genetic Polymorphism a Potential Predictive Marker for the Efficacy of Rosuvastatin Therapy?\nContext: {'contexts': ['There is well-known inter-individual variability in the cholesterol-lowering effect of statins. However, inter-individual variability in response to rosuvastatin treatment in subjects with hypercholesterolemia has not been clearly established. This study aimed to evaluate the associations of CYP2C9 genetic polymorphism with the efficacy and safety of rosuvastatin in Chinese patients with hyperlipidemia.', 'A total of 218 patients with hyperlipidemia were selected and treated with 10 mg rosuvastatin per day for 12 weeks. Blood samples were collected prior to the treatment and after 4, 8, and 12 weeks of treatment. Clinical biochemistry analyses for serum lipid profiles were performed. Genotyping for CYP2C9 polymorphisms was performed using allele-specific real-time PCR.', '197 out of 218 patients featured a wild-type CYP2C9*1/*1 genotype, and 21 patients featured a CYP2C9*1/*3 or CYP2C9*3/*3 mutation genotype. No patients with CYP2C9*2 alleles were identified. Sixteen patients discontinued the medication due to adverse effects. No serious adverse events (i.e., hepatotoxicity or myolysis) were observed. After the 12 weeks of treatment, we observed significant reductions in total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels compared to baseline (p < 0.05). Patients with the mutant genotype showed a higher TC-lowering and LDL-lowing effect compared to those with wild-type genotypes (TC: 45.05% vs. 38.96%, p = 0.041; LDL: 44.97% vs. 39.28%, p = 0.029). The frequency of adverse drug reactions in the studied patients did not differ by CYP2C9 genotypes (p > 0.05).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Alleles', 'Asian Continental Ancestry Group', 'China', 'Cholesterol', 'Cholesterol, LDL', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9', 'Diet, Fat-Restricted', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors', 'Hyperlipidemias', 'Inactivation, Metabolic', 'Individuality', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Rosuvastatin Calcium']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,554,254 | Is downregulation of MicroRNA-1 Associated with Poor Prognosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma? | {
"contexts": [
"The relationship between microRNA-1 (miR-1) expression and prognosis has not been reported in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The present study aimed to explore the clinicopathological significance and the prognostic role of miR-1 in HCC.",
"The expression levels of miR-1 were quantified using real-time quantitative PCR (q-PCR) in 40 surgically resected HCC samples and matched adjacent non-cancerous tissues.",
"MiR-1 expression was significantly downregulated in HCC compared with matched non-cancerous tissues. Aberrant miR-1 expression was significantly correlated with gender, expression of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg), tumor differentiation, vein invasion, and TNM stage. Patients with low expression of miR-1 had significantly reduced overall survival compared with patients with high expression of miR-1 (p = 0.04).The multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that miR-1 expression (HR = 2.79; p = 0.005), gender (HR = 0.087; p = 0.005), vein invasion (HR = 0.172; p = 0.007), and TNM stage (HR = 3.421; p = 0.001) were independent prognostic factors for overall survival."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Biomarkers, Tumor",
"Carcinoma, Hepatocellular",
"China",
"Down-Regulation",
"Female",
"Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic",
"Hepatitis B",
"Hepatitis B Surface Antigens",
"Humans",
"Kaplan-Meier Estimate",
"Liver",
"Liver Neoplasms",
"Male",
"MicroRNAs",
"Middle Aged",
"Neoplasm Invasiveness",
"Neoplasm Metastasis",
"Prognosis",
"Proportional Hazards Models",
"Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction",
"alpha-Fetoproteins"
]
} | Low miR-1 expression is associated with shortened survival time. MiR-1 may act as a potential prognostic biomarker for HCC patients. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is downregulation of MicroRNA-1 Associated with Poor Prognosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The relationship between microRNA-1 (miR-1) expression and prognosis has not been reported in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The present study aimed to explore the clinicopathological significance and the prognostic role of miR-1 in HCC.', 'The expression levels of miR-1 were quantified using real-time quantitative PCR (q-PCR) in 40 surgically resected HCC samples and matched adjacent non-cancerous tissues.', 'MiR-1 expression was significantly downregulated in HCC compared with matched non-cancerous tissues. Aberrant miR-1 expression was significantly correlated with gender, expression of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg), tumor differentiation, vein invasion, and TNM stage. Patients with low expression of miR-1 had significantly reduced overall survival compared with patients with high expression of miR-1 (p = 0.04).The multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that miR-1 expression (HR = 2.79; p = 0.005), gender (HR = 0.087; p = 0.005), vein invasion (HR = 0.172; p = 0.007), and TNM stage (HR = 3.421; p = 0.001) were independent prognostic factors for overall survival.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Carcinoma, Hepatocellular', 'China', 'Down-Regulation', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Hepatitis B', 'Hepatitis B Surface Antigens', 'Humans', 'Kaplan-Meier Estimate', 'Liver', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Male', 'MicroRNAs', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Invasiveness', 'Neoplasm Metastasis', 'Prognosis', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'alpha-Fetoproteins']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,528,509 | Do cold snare piecemeal resection of colonic and duodenal polyps ≥1 cm? | {
"contexts": [
"Endoscopic removal of duodenal and colorectal adenomas is currently considered to be the standard of care for prevention of adenocarcinoma. The use of cautery carries a risk of delayed bleeding, post-polypectomy syndrome, and perforation. We examined the safety and feasibility of removing colonic and duodenal polyps ≥ 1 cm using a piecemeal cold snare polypectomy technique.",
"The study included 15 patients with duodenal polyps ≥ 1 cm and 15 patients with colonic polyps ≥ 1 cm.",
"Bleeding, perforation, abdominal pain, or hospitalization occurring within 2 weeks of polypectomy.",
"Between 24 August 2011 and 29 April 2013, 15 patients had removal of duodenal polyps ≥ 1 cm. Mean patient age was 64 years and 9/15 patients were male. The mean polyp size was 24 mm (10 - 60 mm). All polyps were removed with a cold snare and some required cold biopsy forceps. One patient required hospitalization for gastrointestinal blood loss 7 days post-polypectomy; this patient was using Coumadin. Between 27 February 2012 and 30 May 2013, 15 patients underwent resection of a ≥ 1 cm colonic polyp. Mean patient age was 68 years and 9/15 were male. The mean polyp size was 20 mm (10 - 45 mm). All polyps were primarily removed with a cold snare. None of the patients required hemostatic clips for control of immediate bleeding. One patient presented to the emergency department with abdominal pain 1 day after initial endoscopy. CT scan showed no abnormalities and the patient was discharged."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": []
} | Cold snare polypectomy for large duodenal and colonic polyps is technically feasible and may have a favorable safety profile compared to standard electrocautery-based endoscopic resection. Comparative trials are required to determine the relative safety and efficacy of cold snare techniques for complete and durable resection of large polyps compared to standard hot snare methods. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do cold snare piecemeal resection of colonic and duodenal polyps ≥1 cm?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Endoscopic removal of duodenal and colorectal adenomas is currently considered to be the standard of care for prevention of adenocarcinoma. The use of cautery carries a risk of delayed bleeding, post-polypectomy syndrome, and perforation. We examined the safety and feasibility of removing colonic and duodenal polyps ≥\\u200a1\\u200acm using a piecemeal cold snare polypectomy technique.', 'The study included 15 patients with duodenal polyps ≥\\u200a1\\u200acm and 15 patients with colonic polyps ≥\\u200a1\\u200acm.', 'Bleeding, perforation, abdominal pain, or hospitalization occurring within 2 weeks of polypectomy.', 'Between 24 August 2011 and 29 April 2013, 15 patients had removal of duodenal polyps ≥\\u200a1\\u200acm. Mean patient age was 64 years and 9/15 patients were male. The mean polyp size was 24\\u200amm (10\\u200a-\\u200a60\\u200amm). All polyps were removed with a cold snare and some required cold biopsy forceps. One patient required hospitalization for gastrointestinal blood loss 7 days post-polypectomy; this patient was using Coumadin. Between 27 February 2012 and 30 May 2013, 15 patients underwent resection of a ≥\\u200a1\\u200acm colonic polyp.\\u200aMean patient age was 68 years and 9/15 were male. The mean polyp size was 20\\u200amm (10\\u200a-\\u200a45\\u200amm). All polyps were primarily removed with a cold snare. None of the patients required hemostatic clips for control of immediate bleeding. One patient presented to the emergency department with abdominal pain 1 day after initial endoscopy. CT scan showed no abnormalities and the patient was discharged.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': []}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,525,812 | Do [ What do the doctors of different specialties know about sleep disorders and their treatment ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To assessdoctor's knowledge on the relevance of the problem of sleep disorders, methods of their diagnosis and treatment.",
"The survey was conducted among90physicians of different the rapeuticspecialties of Kazan medical institutions.",
"The doctors believe that main causes of sleep disorders are stressors (20%), depression (13%), neurosis (13%), chronic diseases (13%), asthenia (10%), pain (10%). An analysis of treatment prescribed to patients with sleep disorders revealed large differences."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Asthenia",
"Chronic Disease",
"Clinical Competence",
"Depression",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Neurotic Disorders",
"Pain",
"Physicians",
"Sleep Wake Disorders",
"Stress, Psychological",
"Surveys and Questionnaires"
]
} | Physicians are not well informed about the problems of sleep disorders, have a small idea of the methods of sleepresearch and drugs for their treatment as well as of a sequence of operations that should be used to resolve this problem. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do [ What do the doctors of different specialties know about sleep disorders and their treatment ]?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"To assessdoctor's knowledge on the relevance of the problem of sleep disorders, methods of their diagnosis and treatment.\", 'The survey was conducted among90physicians of different the rapeuticspecialties of Kazan medical institutions.', 'The doctors believe that main causes of sleep disorders are stressors (20%), depression (13%), neurosis (13%), chronic diseases (13%), asthenia (10%), pain (10%). An analysis of treatment prescribed to patients with sleep disorders revealed large differences.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Asthenia', 'Chronic Disease', 'Clinical Competence', 'Depression', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Neurotic Disorders', 'Pain', 'Physicians', 'Sleep Wake Disorders', 'Stress, Psychological', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,538,247 | Is visceral adiposity associated with altered myocardial glucose uptake measured by ( 18 ) FDG-PET in 346 subjects with normal glucose tolerance , prediabetes , and type 2 diabetes? | {
"contexts": [
"The heart requires constant sources of energy mostly from free fatty acids (FFA) and glucose. The alteration in myocardial substrate metabolism occurs in the heart of diabetic patients, but its specific association with other metabolic variables remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate glucose uptake in hearts of subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), prediabetes, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using [(18)F]-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography ((18)FDG-PET) in association with visceral and subcutaneous adiposity, and metabolic laboratory parameters.",
"A total of 346 individuals (NGT, n = 76; prediabetes, n = 208; T2DM, n = 62) in a health promotion center of a tertiary hospital were enrolled. The fasting myocardial glucose uptake, and visceral and subcutaneous fat areas were evaluated using (18)FDG-PET and abdominal computed tomography, respectively.",
"Myocardial glucose uptake was significantly decreased in subjects with T2DM compared to the NGT or prediabetes groups (p for trend = 0.001). Multivariate linear regression analyses revealed that visceral fat area (β = -0.22, p = 0.018), fasting FFA (β = -0.39, p < 0.001), and uric acid levels (β = -0.21, p = 0.007) were independent determinants of myocardial glucose uptake. Multiple logistic analyses demonstrated that decreased myocardial glucose uptake (OR 2.32; 95% CI 1.02-5.29, p = 0.045) and visceral fat area (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01-1.03, p = 0.018) were associated with T2DM."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2",
"Female",
"Fluorodeoxyglucose F18",
"Glucose",
"Heart",
"Humans",
"Intra-Abdominal Fat",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Myocardium",
"Obesity, Abdominal",
"Positron-Emission Tomography",
"Prediabetic State",
"Radiopharmaceuticals",
"Subcutaneous Fat",
"Tomography, X-Ray Computed"
]
} | Our findings indicate visceral adiposity is strongly associated with the alteration of myocardial glucose uptake evaluated by (18)FDG-PET, and its association further relates to T2DM. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is visceral adiposity associated with altered myocardial glucose uptake measured by ( 18 ) FDG-PET in 346 subjects with normal glucose tolerance , prediabetes , and type 2 diabetes?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The heart requires constant sources of energy mostly from free fatty acids (FFA) and glucose. The alteration in myocardial substrate metabolism occurs in the heart of diabetic patients, but its specific association with other metabolic variables remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate glucose uptake in hearts of subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), prediabetes, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using [(18)F]-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography ((18)FDG-PET) in association with visceral and subcutaneous adiposity, and metabolic laboratory parameters.', 'A total of 346 individuals (NGT, n = 76; prediabetes, n = 208; T2DM, n = 62) in a health promotion center of a tertiary hospital were enrolled. The fasting myocardial glucose uptake, and visceral and subcutaneous fat areas were evaluated using (18)FDG-PET and abdominal computed tomography, respectively.', 'Myocardial glucose uptake was significantly decreased in subjects with T2DM compared to the NGT or prediabetes groups (p for trend = 0.001). Multivariate linear regression analyses revealed that visceral fat area (β = -0.22, p = 0.018), fasting FFA (β = -0.39, p < 0.001), and uric acid levels (β = -0.21, p = 0.007) were independent determinants of myocardial glucose uptake. Multiple logistic analyses demonstrated that decreased myocardial glucose uptake (OR 2.32; 95% CI 1.02-5.29, p = 0.045) and visceral fat area (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01-1.03, p = 0.018) were associated with T2DM.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Female', 'Fluorodeoxyglucose F18', 'Glucose', 'Heart', 'Humans', 'Intra-Abdominal Fat', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardium', 'Obesity, Abdominal', 'Positron-Emission Tomography', 'Prediabetic State', 'Radiopharmaceuticals', 'Subcutaneous Fat', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,550,140 | Do aqueous extracts of Fructus Ligustri Lucide induce gastric carcinoma cell apoptosis and G2/M cycle arrest? | {
"contexts": [
"Previous studies have shown that Fructus Ligustri Lucide (FLL) can be used to anti-cancer. However, the mechanism by which FLL mediate this effect is unclear. In the present study, aqueous extracts of FLL induced cell apoptosis in human gastric carcinoma cell was investigated.",
"The cell viability was detected by the CCK8 assay. The cell apoptosis was assessed by annexin V-PI double-labeling staining and hoechst 33342 staining. The protein expression of cell cycle regulators and tumor suppressors were analyzed by western blotting.",
"Treatment of human gastric carcinoma cells with FLL induced cell death in a dose- and time-dependent manner by using CCK8 assay. Consistent with the CCK8 assay, the flow cytometry results showed that the proportion of the early and terminal phase of apoptosis cells had gained after FLL treatment as compared to untreated group. Moreover, human gastric carcinoma cells were exposed to the aqueous extracts of FLL for 48 h, which resulted in an accumulation of cells in G2/M phase. Apoptotic bodies were clearly observed in human gastric carcinoma that had been treated with FLL for 48 h and then stained with Hochest 33342. Treatment of gastric carcinoma cells with increasing doses of FLL and increasing durations significantly increased the protein expression of Bax and Caspase3, decreased the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 level. The expression of CDC2 and cdc25C were downregulated upon FLL treatment in human gastric carcinoma. In contrast, p53 and p21 were obviously upregulated by FLL treatment in a concentration-dependent manner."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": []
} | These results confirmed that FLL could induce apoptosis in human gastric carcinoma, the underlying molecular mechanisms, at least partially, through activation p21/p53 and suppression CDC2/cdc25C signaling in vitro. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do aqueous extracts of Fructus Ligustri Lucide induce gastric carcinoma cell apoptosis and G2/M cycle arrest?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Previous studies have shown that Fructus Ligustri Lucide (FLL) can be used to anti-cancer. However, the mechanism by which FLL mediate this effect is unclear. In the present study, aqueous extracts of FLL induced cell apoptosis in human gastric carcinoma cell was investigated.', 'The cell viability was detected by the CCK8 assay. The cell apoptosis was assessed by annexin V-PI double-labeling staining and hoechst 33342 staining. The protein expression of cell cycle regulators and tumor suppressors were analyzed by western blotting.', 'Treatment of human gastric carcinoma cells with FLL induced cell death in a dose- and time-dependent manner by using CCK8 assay. Consistent with the CCK8 assay, the flow cytometry results showed that the proportion of the early and terminal phase of apoptosis cells had gained after FLL treatment as compared to untreated group. Moreover, human gastric carcinoma cells were exposed to the aqueous extracts of FLL for 48 h, which resulted in an accumulation of cells in G2/M phase. Apoptotic bodies were clearly observed in human gastric carcinoma that had been treated with FLL for 48 h and then stained with Hochest 33342. Treatment of gastric carcinoma cells with increasing doses of FLL and increasing durations significantly increased the protein expression of Bax and Caspase3, decreased the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 level. The expression of CDC2 and cdc25C were downregulated upon FLL treatment in human gastric carcinoma. In contrast, p53 and p21 were obviously upregulated by FLL treatment in a concentration-dependent manner.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': []}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,525,994 | Is proactive Semantic Interference Associated with Total and Regional Abnormal Amyloid Load in Non-Demented Community-Dwelling Elders : A Preliminary Study? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate the relationship between susceptibility to proactive semantic interference (PSI) and retroactive semantic interference (RSI) and brain amyloid load in non-demented elders.",
"27 participants (11 cognitively normal [CN] with subjective memory complaints, 8 CN without memory complaints, and 8 with mild cognitive impairment [MCI]) underwent complete neurological and neuropsychological evaluations. Participants also received the Semantic Interference Test (SIT) and AV-45 amyloid PET imaging.",
"High levels of association were present between total amyloid load, regional amyloid levels, and the PSI measure (in the entire sample and a subsample excluding MCI subjects). RSI and other memory measures showed much weaker associations or no associations with total and regional amyloid load. No associations between amyloid levels and non-memory performance were observed."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Amyloid",
"Brain",
"Brain Mapping",
"Female",
"Geriatric Assessment",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Positron-Emission Tomography",
"Residence Characteristics",
"Semantics"
]
} | In non-demented individuals, vulnerability to PSI was highly associated with total and regional beta-amyloid load and may be an early cognitive marker of brain pathology. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is proactive Semantic Interference Associated with Total and Regional Abnormal Amyloid Load in Non-Demented Community-Dwelling Elders : A Preliminary Study?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To evaluate the relationship between susceptibility to proactive semantic interference (PSI) and retroactive semantic interference (RSI) and brain amyloid load in non-demented elders.', '27 participants (11 cognitively normal [CN] with subjective memory complaints, 8 CN without memory complaints, and 8 with mild cognitive impairment [MCI]) underwent complete neurological and neuropsychological evaluations. Participants also received the Semantic Interference Test (SIT) and AV-45 amyloid PET imaging.', 'High levels of association were present between total amyloid load, regional amyloid levels, and the PSI measure (in the entire sample and a subsample excluding MCI subjects). RSI and other memory measures showed much weaker associations or no associations with total and regional amyloid load. No associations between amyloid levels and non-memory performance were observed.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Amyloid', 'Brain', 'Brain Mapping', 'Female', 'Geriatric Assessment', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Positron-Emission Tomography', 'Residence Characteristics', 'Semantics']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,552,444 | Do experimental evaluation of sand fly collection and storage methods for the isolation and molecular detection of Phlebotomus-borne viruses? | {
"contexts": [
"Several viruses have been recently isolated from Mediterranean phlebotomine sand flies; some are known to cause human disease while some are new to science. To monitor the Phlebotomus-borne viruses spreading, field studies are in progress using different sand fly collection and storage methods. Two main sampling techniques consist of CDC light traps, an attraction method allowing collection of live insects in which the virus is presumed to be fairly preserved, and sticky traps, an interception method suitable to collect dead specimens in high numbers, with a risk for virus viability or integrity. Sand flies storage requires a \"deep cold chain\" or specimen preservation in ethanol. In the present study the influence of sand fly collection and storage methods on viral isolation and RNA detection performances was evaluated experimentally.",
"Specimens of laboratory-reared Phlebotomus perniciosus were artificially fed with blood containing Toscana virus (family Bunyaviridae, genus Phlebovirus). Various collection and storage conditions of blood-fed females were evaluated to mimic field procedures using single and pool samples. Isolation on VERO cell cultures, quantitative Real time-Retro-transcriptase (RT)-PCR and Nested-RT-PCR were performed according to techniques commonly used in surveillance studies.",
"Live engorged sand flies stored immediately at -80 °C were the most suitable sample for phlebovirus identification by both virus isolation and RNA detection. The viral isolation rate remained very high (26/28) for single dead engorged females frozen after 1 day, while it was moderate (10/30) for specimens collected by sticky traps maintained up to 3 days at room temperature and then stored frozen without ethanol. Opposed to viral isolation, molecular RNA detection kept very high on dead sand flies collected by sticky traps when left at room temperature up to 6 days post blood meal and then stored frozen in presence (88/95) or absence (87/88) of ethanol. Data were confirmed using sand fly pools."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Bunyaviridae",
"Entomology",
"Ethanol",
"Female",
"Freezing",
"Phlebotomus",
"Polymerase Chain Reaction",
"Preservation, Biological",
"Psychodidae",
"RNA, Viral",
"Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction",
"Sandfly fever Naples virus",
"Time Factors",
"Virus Cultivation"
]
} | While the collection and storage methods investigated had not much impact on the ability to detect viral RNA by molecular methods, they affected the capacity to recover viable viruses. Consequently, sand fly collection and handling procedures should be established in advance depending on the goal of the surveillance studies. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do experimental evaluation of sand fly collection and storage methods for the isolation and molecular detection of Phlebotomus-borne viruses?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Several viruses have been recently isolated from Mediterranean phlebotomine sand flies; some are known to cause human disease while some are new to science. To monitor the Phlebotomus-borne viruses spreading, field studies are in progress using different sand fly collection and storage methods. Two main sampling techniques consist of CDC light traps, an attraction method allowing collection of live insects in which the virus is presumed to be fairly preserved, and sticky traps, an interception method suitable to collect dead specimens in high numbers, with a risk for virus viability or integrity. Sand flies storage requires a \"deep cold chain\" or specimen preservation in ethanol. In the present study the influence of sand fly collection and storage methods on viral isolation and RNA detection performances was evaluated experimentally.', 'Specimens of laboratory-reared Phlebotomus perniciosus were artificially fed with blood containing Toscana virus (family Bunyaviridae, genus Phlebovirus). Various collection and storage conditions of blood-fed females were evaluated to mimic field procedures using single and pool samples. Isolation on VERO cell cultures, quantitative Real time-Retro-transcriptase (RT)-PCR and Nested-RT-PCR were performed according to techniques commonly used in surveillance studies.', 'Live engorged sand flies stored immediately at -80 °C were the most suitable sample for phlebovirus identification by both virus isolation and RNA detection. The viral isolation rate remained very high (26/28) for single dead engorged females frozen after 1 day, while it was moderate (10/30) for specimens collected by sticky traps maintained up to 3 days at room temperature and then stored frozen without ethanol. Opposed to viral isolation, molecular RNA detection kept very high on dead sand flies collected by sticky traps when left at room temperature up to 6 days post blood meal and then stored frozen in presence (88/95) or absence (87/88) of ethanol. Data were confirmed using sand fly pools.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Bunyaviridae', 'Entomology', 'Ethanol', 'Female', 'Freezing', 'Phlebotomus', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Preservation, Biological', 'Psychodidae', 'RNA, Viral', 'Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Sandfly fever Naples virus', 'Time Factors', 'Virus Cultivation']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,552,447 | Does high glucose induce renal tubular epithelial injury via Sirt1/NF-kappaB/microR-29/Keap1 signal pathway? | {
"contexts": [
"Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious complication that commonly confronted by diabetic patients. A common theory for the pathogenesis of this renal dysfunction in diabetes is cell injury, inflammation as well as oxidative stress. In this content, the detailed molecular mechanism underlying high glucose induced renal tubular epithelial injury was elaborated.",
"An in vivo rat model of diabetes by injecting streptozotocin (STZ) and an in vitro high glucose incubated renal tubular epithelial cell (HK-2) model were used. Expression levels of Keap1, nuclear Nrf2 and p65 were determined by western blotting. Level of microR-29 (miR-29) was assessed using quantitative RT-PCR. Combination of p65 and miR-29 promotor was assessed using chromatin immunoprecipitation. Keap1 3'-UTR activity was detected using luciferase reporter gene assay. Cell viability was determined using MTT assay.",
"In diabetic rat, miR-29 was downregulated and its expression is negatively correlated with both of serum creatinine and creatinine clearance. In high glucose incubated HK-2 cell, deacetylases activity of Sirt1 was attenuated that leads to decreased activity of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). NF-κB was demonstrated to regulate miR-29 expression by directly binding to its promotor. The data of luciferase assay showed that miR-29 directly targets to Keap1 mRNA. While high glucose induced down regulation of miR-29 contributed to enhancement of Keap1 expression that finally reduced Nrf2 content by ubiquitinating Nrf2. Additionally, overexpression of miR-29 effectively relieved high glucose-reduced cell viability."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"3' Untranslated Regions",
"Animals",
"Cell Survival",
"Chromatin Immunoprecipitation",
"Creatinine",
"Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental",
"Diabetic Nephropathies",
"Disease Models, Animal",
"Epithelial Cells",
"Glucose",
"Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins",
"Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1",
"Kidney Tubules",
"Male",
"MicroRNAs",
"NF-E2-Related Factor 2",
"NF-kappa B",
"Neoplasm Proteins",
"Nucleocytoplasmic Transport Proteins",
"Rats",
"Rats, Wistar",
"Signal Transduction",
"Sirtuin 1",
"Ubiquitination"
]
} | High glucose induces renal tubular epithelial injury via Sirt1/NF-κB/microR-29/Keap1 signal pathway. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does high glucose induce renal tubular epithelial injury via Sirt1/NF-kappaB/microR-29/Keap1 signal pathway?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious complication that commonly confronted by diabetic patients. A common theory for the pathogenesis of this renal dysfunction in diabetes is cell injury, inflammation as well as oxidative stress. In this content, the detailed molecular mechanism underlying high glucose induced renal tubular epithelial injury was elaborated.', \"An in vivo rat model of diabetes by injecting streptozotocin (STZ) and an in vitro high glucose incubated renal tubular epithelial cell (HK-2) model were used. Expression levels of Keap1, nuclear Nrf2 and p65 were determined by western blotting. Level of microR-29 (miR-29) was assessed using quantitative RT-PCR. Combination of p65 and miR-29 promotor was assessed using chromatin immunoprecipitation. Keap1 3'-UTR activity was detected using luciferase reporter gene assay. Cell viability was determined using MTT assay.\", 'In diabetic rat, miR-29 was downregulated and its expression is negatively correlated with both of serum creatinine and creatinine clearance. In high glucose incubated HK-2 cell, deacetylases activity of Sirt1 was attenuated that leads to decreased activity of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). NF-κB was demonstrated to regulate miR-29 expression by directly binding to its promotor. The data of luciferase assay showed that miR-29 directly targets to Keap1 mRNA. While high glucose induced down regulation of miR-29 contributed to enhancement of Keap1 expression that finally reduced Nrf2 content by ubiquitinating Nrf2. Additionally, overexpression of miR-29 effectively relieved high glucose-reduced cell viability.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': [\"3' Untranslated Regions\", 'Animals', 'Cell Survival', 'Chromatin Immunoprecipitation', 'Creatinine', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental', 'Diabetic Nephropathies', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Glucose', 'Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins', 'Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1', 'Kidney Tubules', 'Male', 'MicroRNAs', 'NF-E2-Related Factor 2', 'NF-kappa B', 'Neoplasm Proteins', 'Nucleocytoplasmic Transport Proteins', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Signal Transduction', 'Sirtuin 1', 'Ubiquitination']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,537,913 | Is horizontal gene transfer in bdelloid rotifers ancient , ongoing and more frequent in species from desiccating habitats? | {
"contexts": [
"Although prevalent in prokaryotes, horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is rarer in multicellular eukaryotes. Bdelloid rotifers are microscopic animals that contain a higher proportion of horizontally transferred, non-metazoan genes in their genomes than typical of animals. It has been hypothesized that bdelloids incorporate foreign DNA when they repair their chromosomes following double-strand breaks caused by desiccation. HGT might thereby contribute to species divergence and adaptation, as in prokaryotes. If so, we expect that species should differ in their complement of foreign genes, rather than sharing the same set of foreign genes inherited from a common ancestor. Furthermore, there should be more foreign genes in species that desiccate more frequently. We tested these hypotheses by surveying HGT in four congeneric species of bdelloids from different habitats: two from permanent aquatic habitats and two from temporary aquatic habitats that desiccate regularly.",
"Transcriptomes of all four species contain many genes with a closer match to non-metazoan genes than to metazoan genes. Whole genome sequencing of one species confirmed the presence of these foreign genes in the genome. Nearly half of foreign genes are shared between all four species and an outgroup from another family, but many hundreds are unique to particular species, which indicates that HGT is ongoing. Using a dated phylogeny, we estimate an average of 12.8 gains versus 2.0 losses of foreign genes per million years. Consistent with the desiccation hypothesis, the level of HGT is higher in the species that experience regular desiccation events than those that do not. However, HGT still contributed hundreds of foreign genes to the species from permanently aquatic habitats. Foreign genes were mainly enzymes with various annotated functions that include catabolism of complex polysaccharides and stress responses. We found evidence of differential loss of ancestral foreign genes previously associated with desiccation protection in the two non-desiccating species."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Desiccation",
"Ecosystem",
"Gene Transfer, Horizontal",
"Molecular Sequence Data",
"Phylogeny",
"Rotifera",
"Sequence Analysis, DNA",
"Species Specificity"
]
} | Nearly half of foreign genes were acquired before the divergence of bdelloid families over 60 Mya. Nonetheless, HGT is ongoing in bdelloids and has contributed to putative functional differences among species. Variation among our study species is consistent with the hypothesis that desiccating habitats promote HGT. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is horizontal gene transfer in bdelloid rotifers ancient , ongoing and more frequent in species from desiccating habitats?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Although prevalent in prokaryotes, horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is rarer in multicellular eukaryotes. Bdelloid rotifers are microscopic animals that contain a higher proportion of horizontally transferred, non-metazoan genes in their genomes than typical of animals. It has been hypothesized that bdelloids incorporate foreign DNA when they repair their chromosomes following double-strand breaks caused by desiccation. HGT might thereby contribute to species divergence and adaptation, as in prokaryotes. If so, we expect that species should differ in their complement of foreign genes, rather than sharing the same set of foreign genes inherited from a common ancestor. Furthermore, there should be more foreign genes in species that desiccate more frequently. We tested these hypotheses by surveying HGT in four congeneric species of bdelloids from different habitats: two from permanent aquatic habitats and two from temporary aquatic habitats that desiccate regularly.', 'Transcriptomes of all four species contain many genes with a closer match to non-metazoan genes than to metazoan genes. Whole genome sequencing of one species confirmed the presence of these foreign genes in the genome. Nearly half of foreign genes are shared between all four species and an outgroup from another family, but many hundreds are unique to particular species, which indicates that HGT is ongoing. Using a dated phylogeny, we estimate an average of 12.8 gains versus 2.0 losses of foreign genes per million years. Consistent with the desiccation hypothesis, the level of HGT is higher in the species that experience regular desiccation events than those that do not. However, HGT still contributed hundreds of foreign genes to the species from permanently aquatic habitats. Foreign genes were mainly enzymes with various annotated functions that include catabolism of complex polysaccharides and stress responses. We found evidence of differential loss of ancestral foreign genes previously associated with desiccation protection in the two non-desiccating species.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Desiccation', 'Ecosystem', 'Gene Transfer, Horizontal', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Phylogeny', 'Rotifera', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Species Specificity']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,528,957 | Does low-Dose Docetaxel Combined with Dexamethasone be Feasible for Patients with Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Docetaxel-based chemotherapy against castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) has recently been shown to be effective and tolerable. The objective of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of low-dose docetaxel in combination with dexamethasone.",
"Thirty-seven CRPC patients were administered a treatment regimen consisting of 50 mg/m2 docetaxel once every 3-4 weeks and 1 mg dexamethasone daily at our institution, between November 2004 and April 2014.",
"Twenty-four patients (65%) had a decrease in serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) >50%. The median overall survival (OS) and PSA progression-free survival were 26.2 and 10.0 months, respectively. Ten of 12 patients (83%) taking analgesic agents reduced their intake because of decreased pain levels. Grade 3 febrile neutropenia occurred in 2 patients (5%). Nonhematological toxicities were less frequent but sometimes severe. Treatment-related death occurred in 2 octogenarian patients, 1 due to gastric bleeding and the other due to infective endocarditis."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols",
"Dexamethasone",
"Docetaxel",
"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug",
"Feasibility Studies",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Neoplasm Staging",
"Prognosis",
"Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Survival Rate",
"Taxoids"
]
} | Low-dose docetaxel in combination with dexamethasone is feasible in Japanese CRPC patients. Hematological toxicity is less than that seen with standard docetaxel therapy, but it is necessary to monitor patients for severe nonhematological toxicities, particularly very elderly patients. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does low-Dose Docetaxel Combined with Dexamethasone be Feasible for Patients with Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Docetaxel-based chemotherapy against castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) has recently been shown to be effective and tolerable. The objective of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of low-dose docetaxel in combination with dexamethasone.', 'Thirty-seven CRPC patients were administered a treatment regimen consisting of 50 mg/m2 docetaxel once every 3-4 weeks and 1 mg dexamethasone daily at our institution, between November 2004 and April 2014.', 'Twenty-four patients (65%) had a decrease in serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) >50%. The median overall survival (OS) and PSA progression-free survival were 26.2 and 10.0 months, respectively. Ten of 12 patients (83%) taking analgesic agents reduced their intake because of decreased pain levels. Grade 3 febrile neutropenia occurred in 2 patients (5%). Nonhematological toxicities were less frequent but sometimes severe. Treatment-related death occurred in 2 octogenarian patients, 1 due to gastric bleeding and the other due to infective endocarditis.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Dexamethasone', 'Docetaxel', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Feasibility Studies', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Prognosis', 'Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Survival Rate', 'Taxoids']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,528,955 | Does the profile of platelet α-granule released molecules affect postoperative liver regeneration? | {
"contexts": [
"Platelets promote liver regeneration through site-specific serotonin release from dense granules, triggering proliferative signaling in hepatocytes. However, the effects of factors derived from platelet α-granules on liver regeneration are unclear, because α-granules contain bioactive molecules with opposing functions. Because α-granule molecules are stored in separate compartments, it has been suggested that platelets selectively release their α-granule content dependent on the environmental stimulus. Therefore, we investigated the pattern of circulating α-granule molecules during liver regeneration in 157 patients undergoing partial hepatectomy. We measured plasma levels of α-granule-derived factors in the liver vein at the end of liver resection, as well as on the first postoperative day. We observed a rapid accumulation of platelets within the liver after induction of liver regeneration. Platelet count and P-selectin (a ubiquitous cargo of α-granules) were not associated with postoperative liver dysfunction. However, low plasma levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), but high levels of thrombospondin 1 (TSP-1), predicted liver dysfunction after resection. Patients with an unfavorable postoperative α-granule release profile (high TSP-1/low VEGF) showed substantially worse postoperative clinical outcomes. The unfavorable postoperative α-granule release profile was associated with increased postoperative portal venous pressure and von Willebrand factor antigen levels as a marker for intrahepatic endothelial dysfunction."
],
"labels": [
"UNLABELLED"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Blood Platelets",
"Cytoplasmic Granules",
"Female",
"Hepatectomy",
"Humans",
"Liver Regeneration",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Thrombospondin 1",
"Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A"
]
} | The postoperative profile of circulating platelet-derived factors correlates with the ability of the remnant liver to regenerate. Portal venous pressure and intrahepatic endothelial dysfunction might account for the selective granule release profile. Selective modulation of platelet α-granule release in patients may represent an attractive target for therapeutic interventions to improve liver regeneration and clinical outcomes after partial hepatectomy. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does the profile of platelet α-granule released molecules affect postoperative liver regeneration?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Platelets promote liver regeneration through site-specific serotonin release from dense granules, triggering proliferative signaling in hepatocytes. However, the effects of factors derived from platelet α-granules on liver regeneration are unclear, because α-granules contain bioactive molecules with opposing functions. Because α-granule molecules are stored in separate compartments, it has been suggested that platelets selectively release their α-granule content dependent on the environmental stimulus. Therefore, we investigated the pattern of circulating α-granule molecules during liver regeneration in 157 patients undergoing partial hepatectomy. We measured plasma levels of α-granule-derived factors in the liver vein at the end of liver resection, as well as on the first postoperative day. We observed a rapid accumulation of platelets within the liver after induction of liver regeneration. Platelet count and P-selectin (a ubiquitous cargo of α-granules) were not associated with postoperative liver dysfunction. However, low plasma levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), but high levels of thrombospondin 1 (TSP-1), predicted liver dysfunction after resection. Patients with an unfavorable postoperative α-granule release profile (high TSP-1/low VEGF) showed substantially worse postoperative clinical outcomes. The unfavorable postoperative α-granule release profile was associated with increased postoperative portal venous pressure and von Willebrand factor antigen levels as a marker for intrahepatic endothelial dysfunction.'], 'labels': ['UNLABELLED'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Blood Platelets', 'Cytoplasmic Granules', 'Female', 'Hepatectomy', 'Humans', 'Liver Regeneration', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Thrombospondin 1', 'Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,538,618 | Do large-volume low apparent diffusion coefficient lesions predict poor survival in bevacizumab-treated glioblastoma patients? | {
"contexts": [
"Glioblastomas treated with bevacizumab may develop low-signal apparent diffusion coefficient (low-ADC) lesions, which may reflect increased tumor cellularity or atypical necrosis. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between low-ADC lesions and overall survival (OS). We hypothesized that growing low-ADC lesions would be associated with shorter OS.",
"We retrospectively identified 52 patients treated with bevacizumab for the first (n = 42, 81%) or later recurrence of primary glioblastoma, who had low-ADC lesions and 2 post-bevacizumab scans ≤90 days apart. Low-ADC lesion volumes were measured, and normalized 5th percentile histogram low-ADC values were recorded. Using OS as the primary endpoint, semiparametric Cox models were fitted to ascertain univariate and multivariate hazard ratios (HRs) with significance at P = .05.",
"Median OS was 9.1 months (95% CI = 7.2-14.3). At the second post-bevacizumab scan, the volume of the low-ADC lesion (median: 12.94 cm(3)) was inversely associated with OS, with larger volumes predicting shorter OS (HR = 1.014 [95% CI = 1.003-1.025], P = .009). The percent change in low-ADC volume (median: 6.8%) trended toward increased risk of death with growing volumes (P = .08). Normalized 5th percentile low-ADC value and its percent change were not associated with OS (P > .51). Also correlated with shorter OS were the pre-bevacizumab nonenhancing volume (P = .025), the first post-bevacizumab enhancing volume (P = .040), and the second post-bevacizumab enhancing volume (P = .004)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Algorithms",
"Antineoplastic Agents",
"Bevacizumab",
"Brain Neoplasms",
"Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging",
"Female",
"Glioblastoma",
"Humans",
"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted",
"Kaplan-Meier Estimate",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Proportional Hazards Models",
"Retrospective Studies"
]
} | The volume of low-ADC lesions at the second post-bevacizumab scan predicted shorter OS. This suggests that low-ADC lesions may be considered important imaging markers and included in treatment decision algorithms. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do large-volume low apparent diffusion coefficient lesions predict poor survival in bevacizumab-treated glioblastoma patients?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Glioblastomas treated with bevacizumab may develop low-signal apparent diffusion coefficient (low-ADC) lesions, which may reflect increased tumor cellularity or atypical necrosis. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between low-ADC lesions and overall survival (OS). We hypothesized that growing low-ADC lesions would be associated with shorter OS.', 'We retrospectively identified 52 patients treated with bevacizumab for the first (n = 42, 81%) or later recurrence of primary glioblastoma, who had low-ADC lesions and 2 post-bevacizumab scans ≤90 days apart. Low-ADC lesion volumes were measured, and normalized 5th percentile histogram low-ADC values were recorded. Using OS as the primary endpoint, semiparametric Cox models were fitted to ascertain univariate and multivariate hazard ratios (HRs) with significance at P = .05.', 'Median OS was 9.1 months (95% CI = 7.2-14.3). At the second post-bevacizumab scan, the volume of the low-ADC lesion (median: 12.94 cm(3)) was inversely associated with OS, with larger volumes predicting shorter OS (HR = 1.014 [95% CI = 1.003-1.025], P = .009). The percent change in low-ADC volume (median: 6.8%) trended toward increased risk of death with growing volumes (P = .08). Normalized 5th percentile low-ADC value and its percent change were not associated with OS (P > .51). Also correlated with shorter OS were the pre-bevacizumab nonenhancing volume (P = .025), the first post-bevacizumab enhancing volume (P = .040), and the second post-bevacizumab enhancing volume (P = .004).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Algorithms', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Bevacizumab', 'Brain Neoplasms', 'Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Female', 'Glioblastoma', 'Humans', 'Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted', 'Kaplan-Meier Estimate', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'Retrospective Studies']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,534,878 | Are glut-1 intensity and pattern of expression in thymic epithelial tumors predictive of WHO subtypes? | {
"contexts": [
"Glucose-transporter-1 (Glut-1) may be a useful marker for differentiating B3 thymomas and thymic carcinomas. Since the literature is limited, we undertook a study to evaluate its diagnostic value in a series of thymic epithelial tumors.",
"Glut-1 expression was studied by the group of pathologists linked to the French national oncological network RYTHMIC. Immunostaining was performed on a whole section of one paraffin block in a series of 92 successive surgical specimens. Patterns (focal, zonal, diffuse) and intensity of Glut-1 expression were assessed and compared with WHO histological subtypes.",
"Expression was mainly restricted to epithelial cells. Immature T-lymphocytes were negative. A diffuse, moderate or strong staining was observed in most thymic carcinomas (15/16). In B3 thymomas (10/11) and in B3 thymomas borderline to thymic carcinomas (5/6), a moderate to strong zonal staining was observed at distance from vessels and fibrous septa. This pattern sometimes created the aspect of an anastomosing network in large cellular lobules. In B1 thymomas, immunostaining highlighted foci of medullary differentiation (7/8). B2 thymomas (n=25) were heterogeneous, with a spectrum of patterns ranging between those of B1 and B3 thymomas. Type A thymomas (n=5) mostly presented a weak positivity but one aggressive case showed zonal moderate/strong positivity. Most AB thymomas (15/17) showed weak to moderate immunostaining in spindle cell areas. In micronodular thymomas (n=3), epithelial cells and B-lymphocytes were weakly positive while follicular dendritic cells were strongly highlighted. One metaplastic thymoma displayed diffuse and moderate positivity."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Biomarkers, Tumor",
"Carcinoma, Squamous Cell",
"Glucose Transporter Type 1",
"Humans",
"Immunohistochemistry",
"Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial",
"Thymus Neoplasms"
]
} | Glut-1 expression globally depended on histological subtypes and the staining patterns (diffuse or zonal) were different between thymic carcinomas and type B3 thymomas. A comparative study of Glut-1 expression in atypical versus conventional type A thymomas appears warranted. Otherwise, restriction to epithelial cells makes likely a correlation with clinical assessment of glucose uptake in lymphocyte-poor tumors. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are glut-1 intensity and pattern of expression in thymic epithelial tumors predictive of WHO subtypes?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Glucose-transporter-1 (Glut-1) may be a useful marker for differentiating B3 thymomas and thymic carcinomas. Since the literature is limited, we undertook a study to evaluate its diagnostic value in a series of thymic epithelial tumors.', 'Glut-1 expression was studied by the group of pathologists linked to the French national oncological network RYTHMIC. Immunostaining was performed on a whole section of one paraffin block in a series of 92 successive surgical specimens. Patterns (focal, zonal, diffuse) and intensity of Glut-1 expression were assessed and compared with WHO histological subtypes.', 'Expression was mainly restricted to epithelial cells. Immature T-lymphocytes were negative. A diffuse, moderate or strong staining was observed in most thymic carcinomas (15/16). In B3 thymomas (10/11) and in B3 thymomas borderline to thymic carcinomas (5/6), a moderate to strong zonal staining was observed at distance from vessels and fibrous septa. This pattern sometimes created the aspect of an anastomosing network in large cellular lobules. In B1 thymomas, immunostaining highlighted foci of medullary differentiation (7/8). B2 thymomas (n=25) were heterogeneous, with a spectrum of patterns ranging between those of B1 and B3 thymomas. Type A thymomas (n=5) mostly presented a weak positivity but one aggressive case showed zonal moderate/strong positivity. Most AB thymomas (15/17) showed weak to moderate immunostaining in spindle cell areas. In micronodular thymomas (n=3), epithelial cells and B-lymphocytes were weakly positive while follicular dendritic cells were strongly highlighted. One metaplastic thymoma displayed diffuse and moderate positivity.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Glucose Transporter Type 1', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial', 'Thymus Neoplasms']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,542,945 | Does eIF2A-dependent translational arrest protect leukemia cells from the energetic stress induced by NAMPT inhibition? | {
"contexts": [
"Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), the rate-limiting enzyme in NAD(+) biosynthesis from nicotinamide, is one of the major factors regulating cancer cells metabolism and is considered a promising target for treating cancer. The prototypical NAMPT inhibitor FK866 effectively lowers NAD(+) levels in cancer cells, reducing the activity of NAD(+)-dependent enzymes, lowering intracellular ATP, and promoting cell death.",
"We show that FK866 induces a translational arrest in leukemia cells through inhibition of MTOR/4EBP1 signaling and of the initiation factors EIF4E and EIF2A. Specifically, treatment with FK866 is shown to induce 5'AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation, which, together with EIF2A phosphorylation, is responsible for the inhibition of protein synthesis. Notably, such an effect was also observed in patients' derived primary leukemia cells including T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Jurkat cells in which AMPK or LKB1 expression was silenced or in which a non-phosphorylatable EIF2A mutant was ectopically expressed showed enhanced sensitivity to the NAMPT inhibitor, confirming a key role for the LKB1-AMPK-EIF2A axis in cell fate determination in response to energetic stress via NAD(+) depletion."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"AMP-Activated Protein Kinases",
"Acrylamides",
"Adenosine Triphosphate",
"Apoptosis",
"Caspases",
"Cell Line, Tumor",
"Cell Survival",
"Cytokines",
"Drug Resistance, Neoplasm",
"Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2",
"Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4E",
"Humans",
"Jurkat Cells",
"Leukemia",
"NAD",
"Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase",
"Phosphorylation",
"Piperidines",
"Protein Biosynthesis",
"Signal Transduction",
"Stress, Physiological",
"TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases",
"Transcription, Genetic"
]
} | We identified EIF2A phosphorylation as a novel early molecular event occurring in response to NAMPT inhibition and mediating protein synthesis arrest. In addition, our data suggest that tumors exhibiting an impaired LBK1- AMPK- EIF2A response may be especially susceptible to NAMPT inhibitors and thus become an elective indication for this type of agents. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does eIF2A-dependent translational arrest protect leukemia cells from the energetic stress induced by NAMPT inhibition?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), the rate-limiting enzyme in NAD(+) biosynthesis from nicotinamide, is one of the major factors regulating cancer cells metabolism and is considered a promising target for treating cancer. The prototypical NAMPT inhibitor FK866 effectively lowers NAD(+) levels in cancer cells, reducing the activity of NAD(+)-dependent enzymes, lowering intracellular ATP, and promoting cell death.', \"We show that FK866 induces a translational arrest in leukemia cells through inhibition of MTOR/4EBP1 signaling and of the initiation factors EIF4E and EIF2A. Specifically, treatment with FK866 is shown to induce 5'AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation, which, together with EIF2A phosphorylation, is responsible for the inhibition of protein synthesis. Notably, such an effect was also observed in patients' derived primary leukemia cells including T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Jurkat cells in which AMPK or LKB1 expression was silenced or in which a non-phosphorylatable EIF2A mutant was ectopically expressed showed enhanced sensitivity to the NAMPT inhibitor, confirming a key role for the LKB1-AMPK-EIF2A axis in cell fate determination in response to energetic stress via NAD(+) depletion.\"], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['AMP-Activated Protein Kinases', 'Acrylamides', 'Adenosine Triphosphate', 'Apoptosis', 'Caspases', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Survival', 'Cytokines', 'Drug Resistance, Neoplasm', 'Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2', 'Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4E', 'Humans', 'Jurkat Cells', 'Leukemia', 'NAD', 'Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase', 'Phosphorylation', 'Piperidines', 'Protein Biosynthesis', 'Signal Transduction', 'Stress, Physiological', 'TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases', 'Transcription, Genetic']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,534,750 | Does evaluation of anxiety levels and factors associated with positive test result in patients with drug hypersensitivity? | {
"contexts": [
"High anxiety has been reported in patients with drug hypersensitivity reaction (DHR); however, its relationship with the test results was not studied previously.",
"We aimed to investigate the association of patient anxiety with the results of drug tests together with the other contributing factors.",
"Sixty-seven patients were included in the study between November 2012 and April 2013, in whom drug tests were performed after clinical evaluation and application of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ).",
"The mean ± standard deviation (SD) age was 43.5 ± 12.9 years, and 73.1% of the patients were females. The patient group had significantly higher mean ± SD PSWQ score than 35 control subjects without histories of DHRs and major psychiatric disorders (47.95 ± 14.64 versus 40.22 ± 11.86, p = 0.008). However, the mean ± SD. PSWQ score of the patients with positive drug test results was not significantly different from the patients with negative drug test results (46.06 ± 13.41 versus 50.47 ± 18.02, p = 0.32). Panic attack symptoms were more common in the reactions with positive test results than in the reactions with negative test results (74.0% versus 48.9%, p = 0.01). However, presence of panic attack symptoms [odds ratio (OR): 1.25, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.44-3.54; p = 0.67] was not found independently associated with positive test results in the multiple logistic regression model."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Anxiety",
"Comorbidity",
"Drug Hypersensitivity",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Odds Ratio",
"Risk Factors",
"Skin Tests"
]
} | Patients with DHR have high levels of anxiety; however, this is not related to the results of drug tests. Because panic reaction symptoms may accompany the objective symptoms of DHR, a complete clinical work-up is required before deciding whether the reaction is related to panic or a "true DHR." | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does evaluation of anxiety levels and factors associated with positive test result in patients with drug hypersensitivity?\nContext: {'contexts': ['High anxiety has been reported in patients with drug hypersensitivity reaction (DHR); however, its relationship with the test results was not studied previously.', 'We aimed to investigate the association of patient anxiety with the results of drug tests together with the other contributing factors.', 'Sixty-seven patients were included in the study between November 2012 and April 2013, in whom drug tests were performed after clinical evaluation and application of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ).', 'The mean ± standard deviation (SD) age was 43.5 ± 12.9 years, and 73.1% of the patients were females. The patient group had significantly higher mean ± SD PSWQ score than 35 control subjects without histories of DHRs and major psychiatric disorders (47.95 ± 14.64 versus 40.22 ± 11.86, p = 0.008). However, the mean ± SD. PSWQ score of the patients with positive drug test results was not significantly different from the patients with negative drug test results (46.06 ± 13.41 versus 50.47 ± 18.02, p = 0.32). Panic attack symptoms were more common in the reactions with positive test results than in the reactions with negative test results (74.0% versus 48.9%, p = 0.01). However, presence of panic attack symptoms [odds ratio (OR): 1.25, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.44-3.54; p = 0.67] was not found independently associated with positive test results in the multiple logistic regression model.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Anxiety', 'Comorbidity', 'Drug Hypersensitivity', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Odds Ratio', 'Risk Factors', 'Skin Tests']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,541,579 | Do validation of Duruöz Hand Index in patients with tetraplegia? | {
"contexts": [
"Cross-sectional, clinical measurement.",
"To investigate the validity of the Duruöz Hand Index (DHI) in the assessment of hand function in patients with tetraplegia.",
"A total of 40 patients with tetraplegia participated. Patients' upper extremities were assessed on the level of 'body function and structure' [The American Spinal Cord Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale (AIS) 2000 revised criteria, upper extremity motor score (UEMS), neurologic level of injury and visual analogue scale of hand function (VAS-HF)], 'activity' [DHI and Quadriplegia index of function-short form (QIF-SF)] and 'body function and structure, activity and participation' [Health Survey Short Form-36 (SF-36)] according to International Classification of Function.",
"The DHI showed significant correlations with UEMS, AIS, QIF-SF, VAS-HF, physical functioning and physical compound summary scores of SF-36."
],
"labels": [
"METHODS",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Activities of Daily Living",
"Adult",
"Cervical Vertebrae",
"Cross-Sectional Studies",
"Disability Evaluation",
"Female",
"Hand",
"Hand Strength",
"Humans",
"Injury Severity Score",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Physical Examination",
"Prospective Studies",
"Quadriplegia",
"Sickness Impact Profile",
"Spinal Cord Injuries",
"Turkey"
]
} | The DHI was found a valid method in the assessment of hand functions in patients with tetraplegia. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do validation of Duruöz Hand Index in patients with tetraplegia?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Cross-sectional, clinical measurement.', 'To investigate the validity of the Duruöz Hand Index (DHI) in the assessment of hand function in patients with tetraplegia.', \"A total of 40 patients with tetraplegia participated. Patients' upper extremities were assessed on the level of 'body function and structure' [The American Spinal Cord Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale (AIS) 2000 revised criteria, upper extremity motor score (UEMS), neurologic level of injury and visual analogue scale of hand function (VAS-HF)], 'activity' [DHI and Quadriplegia index of function-short form (QIF-SF)] and 'body function and structure, activity and participation' [Health Survey Short Form-36 (SF-36)] according to International Classification of Function.\", 'The DHI showed significant correlations with UEMS, AIS, QIF-SF, VAS-HF, physical functioning and physical compound summary scores of SF-36.'], 'labels': ['METHODS', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Activities of Daily Living', 'Adult', 'Cervical Vertebrae', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Disability Evaluation', 'Female', 'Hand', 'Hand Strength', 'Humans', 'Injury Severity Score', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Physical Examination', 'Prospective Studies', 'Quadriplegia', 'Sickness Impact Profile', 'Spinal Cord Injuries', 'Turkey']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,525,360 | Does diazoxide protect L6 skeletal myoblasts from H2O2-induced apoptosis via the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/Akt pathway? | {
"contexts": [
"Transplanted cell survival might greatly improve the therapeutic efficacy of cell therapy. Diazoxide (DZ), a highly selective mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel opener, is known to suppress cell apoptosis and protect cells in oxidative stressed ischemic environment. We explored the mechanisms involved in DZ pre-treatment-induced anti-apoptotic effect on L6 skeletal myoblast (SKM).",
"L6 SKMs were divided into control group, H2O2 group, DZ + H2O2 group and DZ + LY + H2O2 group. Treatments of 400 μmol/L H2O2 for 24 h alone, or after 200 μmol/L DZ pre-treatment for 30 min, or after DZ and 50 μmol/L LY294002 co-administration for 30 min were performed. The cell apoptosis rates were assessed by flow cytometric analysis. The changes of mitochondrial membrane potential were determined by JC-1 mitochondrial staining. The activation of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt, caspase-9 and caspase-3 was detected by western blot.",
"Compared with the H2O2 group, DZ pre-treatment protected cells from H2O2-induced damage, increased Akt phosphorylation, prevented mitochondrial membrane depolarization as well as the activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 and decreased the cell apoptosis rate. However, the DZ-induced cytoprotective and anti-apoptosis effects were partly inhibited by co-administration of a PI3K inhibitor, LY294002."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Apoptosis",
"Caspases",
"Cell Line",
"Chromones",
"Diazoxide",
"Diuretics",
"Enzyme Activation",
"Humans",
"Hydrogen Peroxide",
"Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial",
"Morpholines",
"Muscle, Skeletal",
"Myoblasts",
"Oncogene Protein v-akt",
"Oxidants",
"Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases"
]
} | These data suggest that DZ pre-treatment contributes to protection of L6 SKMs against apoptosis at least partly by activating the PI3K/Akt pathway and subsequently inhibiting the mitochondrial-mediated caspase-dependent apoptotic signalling pathway. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does diazoxide protect L6 skeletal myoblasts from H2O2-induced apoptosis via the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/Akt pathway?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Transplanted cell survival might greatly improve the therapeutic efficacy of cell therapy. Diazoxide (DZ), a highly selective mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel opener, is known to suppress cell apoptosis and protect cells in oxidative stressed ischemic environment. We explored the mechanisms involved in DZ pre-treatment-induced anti-apoptotic effect on L6 skeletal myoblast (SKM).', 'L6 SKMs were divided into control group, H2O2 group, DZ\\xa0+\\xa0H2O2 group and DZ\\xa0+\\xa0LY\\xa0+\\xa0H2O2 group. Treatments of 400\\xa0μmol/L H2O2 for 24\\xa0h alone, or after 200\\xa0μmol/L DZ pre-treatment for 30\\xa0min, or after DZ and 50\\xa0μmol/L LY294002 co-administration for 30\\xa0min were performed. The cell apoptosis rates were assessed by flow cytometric analysis. The changes of mitochondrial membrane potential were determined by JC-1 mitochondrial staining. The activation of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt, caspase-9 and caspase-3 was detected by western blot.', 'Compared with the H2O2 group, DZ pre-treatment protected cells from H2O2-induced damage, increased Akt phosphorylation, prevented mitochondrial membrane depolarization as well as the activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 and decreased the cell apoptosis rate. However, the DZ-induced cytoprotective and anti-apoptosis effects were partly inhibited by co-administration of a PI3K inhibitor, LY294002.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Apoptosis', 'Caspases', 'Cell Line', 'Chromones', 'Diazoxide', 'Diuretics', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Humans', 'Hydrogen Peroxide', 'Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial', 'Morpholines', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Myoblasts', 'Oncogene Protein v-akt', 'Oxidants', 'Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,546,094 | Is dopamine Administration a Risk Factor for Delirium in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery? | {
"contexts": [
"Delirium is an important morbidity following heart surgery. We sought to determine whether dopamine infusion is associated with increased risk of delirium in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting.",
"A total of 137 patients (mean age; 61.02±7.83, 105 males) were included in the study. Patients undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass grafting were considered eligible and those with preoperative neurological deficit or significant neurocognitive disorders, dementia or psychiatric disorders were excluded. Primary outcome measure was occurrence of delirium within 72 hours after operation. The diagnosis of delirium was made using confusion assessment method for the intensive care unit questionnaire. Both administration of dopamine as a dichotomised variable and the total amount of dopamine per kg body-weight were included in two different logistic regression models.",
"Delirium occurred in 18 (13.1%) patients. Age adjusted Mantel-Haenszel relative risk for delirium with receiving dopamine was 4.62. Relative risk was 2.37 (0.18 to 31.28, 95% CI, p=0.51) in total doses over 10mg whereas it was 3.55 (1.16 to 10.89 95% CI, p=0.02) in total doses over 30 mg per kg body-weight. Older age (p=0.03), dopamine administration (OR: 9.227 95% CI, 2.688-32.022, p<0.001) and the amount of dopamine administered (OR: 1.072, 95% CI, 1.032-1.115, p<0.001) were independent predictors for delirium 72 hours after surgery."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Coronary Artery Bypass",
"Delirium",
"Dopamine",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Postoperative Complications",
"Risk Factors"
]
} | Along with older age, dopamine infusion--even in low doses but more probably in higher doses--emerged as an independent risk factor for delirium in patients undergoing CABG. Further study is needed to confirm the validity of results presented. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is dopamine Administration a Risk Factor for Delirium in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Delirium is an important morbidity following heart surgery. We sought to determine whether dopamine infusion is associated with increased risk of delirium in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting.', 'A total of 137 patients (mean age; 61.02±7.83, 105 males) were included in the study. Patients undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass grafting were considered eligible and those with preoperative neurological deficit or significant neurocognitive disorders, dementia or psychiatric disorders were excluded. Primary outcome measure was occurrence of delirium within 72 hours after operation. The diagnosis of delirium was made using confusion assessment method for the intensive care unit questionnaire. Both administration of dopamine as a dichotomised variable and the total amount of dopamine per kg body-weight were included in two different logistic regression models.', 'Delirium occurred in 18 (13.1%) patients. Age adjusted Mantel-Haenszel relative risk for delirium with receiving dopamine was 4.62. Relative risk was 2.37 (0.18 to 31.28, 95% CI, p=0.51) in total doses over 10mg whereas it was 3.55 (1.16 to 10.89 95% CI, p=0.02) in total doses over 30 mg per kg body-weight. Older age (p=0.03), dopamine administration (OR: 9.227 95% CI, 2.688-32.022, p<0.001) and the amount of dopamine administered (OR: 1.072, 95% CI, 1.032-1.115, p<0.001) were independent predictors for delirium 72 hours after surgery.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Coronary Artery Bypass', 'Delirium', 'Dopamine', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Risk Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,535,766 | Does novel PPARγ Modulator GED-0507-34 Levo ameliorate Inflammation-driven Intestinal Fibrosis? | {
"contexts": [
"Intestinal fibrosis is mainly associated with Crohn's disease and is defined as a progressive and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix components. No specific antifibrotic therapies are available. In this study, we evaluate the antifibrotic effect of a novel 5-ASA analog able to activate the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, named GED-0507-34 Levo.",
"Colonic fibrosis was induced in 110 C57BL/6 mice by 3 cycles of 2.5% (wt/vol) dextran sulfate sodium administration for 6 weeks. The preventive effects of oral daily GED (30 mg · kg(-1) · d(-1)) administration were evaluated using a macroscopic and histological score and also through biological endpoints. Expression of main markers of myofibroblasts activation was determined in transforming growth factor (TGF-β)-stimulated intestinal fibroblasts and epithelial cells.",
"GED improved macroscopic and microscopic intestinal lesions in dextran sulfate sodium-treated animals and reduced the profibrotic gene expression of Acta2, COL1a1, and Fn1 by 1.48-folds (P < 0.05), 1.93-folds (P < 0.005), and 1.03-fold (P < 0.05), respectively. It reduced protein levels of main markers of fibrosis (α-SMA and Collagen I-II) and the main TGF-β/Smad pathway components. GED also decreased the interleukin-13 and connective tissue growth factor expression by 1.89-folds (P < 0.05) and 2.2-folds (P < 0.005), respectively. GED inhibited TGF-β-induced activation of both fibroblast and intestinal epithelial cell lines, by regulating mRNA expression of α-SMA and fibronectin, and restoring the TGF-β-induced loss of intestinal epithelial cell markers. GED treatment also reduced the TGF-β and ACTA1 expression in primary human intestinal fibroblasts from ulcerative colitis patients."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aniline Compounds",
"Animals",
"Blotting, Western",
"Cells, Cultured",
"Colitis",
"Fibroblasts",
"Fibrosis",
"Fluorescent Antibody Technique",
"Humans",
"Immunoenzyme Techniques",
"Inflammation",
"Intestinal Mucosa",
"Intestines",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred C57BL",
"PPAR gamma",
"Phenylpropionates",
"RNA, Messenger",
"Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction",
"Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction"
]
} | GED ameliorates intestinal fibrosis in dextran sulfate sodium-induced chronic colitis in mice and regulates major profibrotic cellular and molecular mechanisms. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does novel PPARγ Modulator GED-0507-34 Levo ameliorate Inflammation-driven Intestinal Fibrosis?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"Intestinal fibrosis is mainly associated with Crohn's disease and is defined as a progressive and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix components. No specific antifibrotic therapies are available. In this study, we evaluate the antifibrotic effect of a novel 5-ASA analog able to activate the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, named GED-0507-34 Levo.\", 'Colonic fibrosis was induced in 110 C57BL/6 mice by 3 cycles of 2.5% (wt/vol) dextran sulfate sodium administration for 6 weeks. The preventive effects of oral daily GED (30 mg · kg(-1) · d(-1)) administration were evaluated using a macroscopic and histological score and also through biological endpoints. Expression of main markers of myofibroblasts activation was determined in transforming growth factor (TGF-β)-stimulated intestinal fibroblasts and epithelial cells.', 'GED improved macroscopic and microscopic intestinal lesions in dextran sulfate sodium-treated animals and reduced the profibrotic gene expression of Acta2, COL1a1, and Fn1 by 1.48-folds (P < 0.05), 1.93-folds (P < 0.005), and 1.03-fold (P < 0.05), respectively. It reduced protein levels of main markers of fibrosis (α-SMA and Collagen I-II) and the main TGF-β/Smad pathway components. GED also decreased the interleukin-13 and connective tissue growth factor expression by 1.89-folds (P < 0.05) and 2.2-folds (P < 0.005), respectively. GED inhibited TGF-β-induced activation of both fibroblast and intestinal epithelial cell lines, by regulating mRNA expression of α-SMA and fibronectin, and restoring the TGF-β-induced loss of intestinal epithelial cell markers. GED treatment also reduced the TGF-β and ACTA1 expression in primary human intestinal fibroblasts from ulcerative colitis patients.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aniline Compounds', 'Animals', 'Blotting, Western', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Colitis', 'Fibroblasts', 'Fibrosis', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique', 'Humans', 'Immunoenzyme Techniques', 'Inflammation', 'Intestinal Mucosa', 'Intestines', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'PPAR gamma', 'Phenylpropionates', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,527,749 | Does flightless I Homolog repress Prostate Cancer Progression through Targeting Androgen Receptor Signaling? | {
"contexts": [
"Flightless I (FLII), member of the gelsolin superfamily of actin-remodeling proteins, functions as a transcriptional coregulator. We aim to evaluate a tumor-suppressive function of FLII in regulating androgen receptor (AR) in prostate cancer progression.",
"We examined FLII protein and mRNA expression in clinical prostate cancer specimens by immunohistochemistry. Kaplan-Meier analysis was conducted to evaluate the difference in disease-overall survival associated with the expression levels of FLII and AR. Prostate cancer cells stably expressing FLII or shRNA knockdown were used for functional analyses. Immunoprecipitation, Luciferase reporter, and immunofluorescence staining assays were performed to examine the functional interaction between FLII and AR.",
"Our analysis of the expression levels of FLII in a clinical gene expression array dataset showed that the expression of FLII was positively correlated with the overall survival of prostate cancer patients exhibiting high levels of AR expression. Examination of protein and mRNA levels of FLII showed a significant decrease of FLII expression in human prostate cancers. AR and FLII formed a complex in a ligand-dependent manner through the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of AR. Subsequently, we observed a competitive binding to AR between FLII and the ligand. FLII inhibited AR transactivation and decreased AR nuclear localization. Furthermore, FLII contributed to castration-sensitive and castration-resistant prostate cancer cell growth through AR-dependent signaling, and reintroduction of FLII in prostate cancer cells sensitized the cells to bicalutamide and enzalutamide treatment."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Cell Line, Tumor",
"Disease Progression",
"Gene Expression",
"Gene Expression Profiling",
"Humans",
"Immunohistochemistry",
"Male",
"Microfilament Proteins",
"Prognosis",
"Prostatic Neoplasms",
"Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant",
"Protein Binding",
"Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs",
"Protein Transport",
"Receptors, Androgen",
"Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear",
"Signal Transduction"
]
} | FLII plays a tumor-suppressive role and serves as a crucial determinant of resistance of prostate cancer to endocrine therapies. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does flightless I Homolog repress Prostate Cancer Progression through Targeting Androgen Receptor Signaling?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Flightless I (FLII), member of the gelsolin superfamily of actin-remodeling proteins, functions as a transcriptional coregulator. We aim to evaluate a tumor-suppressive function of FLII in regulating androgen receptor (AR) in prostate cancer progression.', 'We examined FLII protein and mRNA expression in clinical prostate cancer specimens by immunohistochemistry. Kaplan-Meier analysis was conducted to evaluate the difference in disease-overall survival associated with the expression levels of FLII and AR. Prostate cancer cells stably expressing FLII or shRNA knockdown were used for functional analyses. Immunoprecipitation, Luciferase reporter, and immunofluorescence staining assays were performed to examine the functional interaction between FLII and AR.', 'Our analysis of the expression levels of FLII in a clinical gene expression array dataset showed that the expression of FLII was positively correlated with the overall survival of prostate cancer patients exhibiting high levels of AR expression. Examination of protein and mRNA levels of FLII showed a significant decrease of FLII expression in human prostate cancers. AR and FLII formed a complex in a ligand-dependent manner through the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of AR. Subsequently, we observed a competitive binding to AR between FLII and the ligand. FLII inhibited AR transactivation and decreased AR nuclear localization. Furthermore, FLII contributed to castration-sensitive and castration-resistant prostate cancer cell growth through AR-dependent signaling, and reintroduction of FLII in prostate cancer cells sensitized the cells to bicalutamide and enzalutamide treatment.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Cell Line, Tumor', 'Disease Progression', 'Gene Expression', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Male', 'Microfilament Proteins', 'Prognosis', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant', 'Protein Binding', 'Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs', 'Protein Transport', 'Receptors, Androgen', 'Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear', 'Signal Transduction']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,527,748 | Does a 13 mer LNA-i-miR-221 Inhibitor restore Drug Sensitivity in Melphalan-Refractory Multiple Myeloma Cells? | {
"contexts": [
"The onset of drug resistance is a major cause of treatment failure in multiple myeloma. Although increasing evidence is defining the role of miRNAs in mediating drug resistance, their potential activity as drug-sensitizing agents has not yet been investigated in multiple myeloma.",
"Here we studied the potential utility of miR-221/222 inhibition in sensitizing refractory multiple myeloma cells to melphalan.",
"miR-221/222 expression inversely correlated with melphalan sensitivity of multiple myeloma cells. Inhibition of miR-221/222 overcame melphalan resistance and triggered apoptosis of multiple myeloma cells in vitro, in the presence or absence of human bone marrow (BM) stromal cells. Decreased multiple myeloma cell growth induced by inhibition of miR-221/222 plus melphalan was associated with a marked upregulation of pro-apoptotic BBC3/PUMA protein, a miR-221/222 target, as well as with modulation of drug influx-efflux transporters SLC7A5/LAT1 and the ABC transporter ABCC1/MRP1. Finally, in vivo treatment of SCID/NOD mice bearing human melphalan-refractory multiple myeloma xenografts with systemic locked nucleic acid (LNA) inhibitors of miR-221 (LNA-i-miR-221) plus melphalan overcame drug resistance, evidenced by growth inhibition with significant antitumor effects together with modulation of PUMA and ABCC1 in tumors retrieved from treated mice."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Apoptosis",
"Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins",
"Cell Line, Tumor",
"Cell Proliferation",
"Drug Resistance, Neoplasm",
"Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic",
"Humans",
"Melphalan",
"Mice",
"MicroRNAs",
"Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins",
"Multiple Myeloma",
"Proto-Oncogene Proteins",
"Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays"
]
} | Taken together, our findings provide the proof of concept that LNA-i-miR-221 can reverse melphalan resistance in preclinical models of multiple myeloma, providing the framework for clinical trials to overcome drug resistance, and improve patient outcome in multiple myeloma. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does a 13 mer LNA-i-miR-221 Inhibitor restore Drug Sensitivity in Melphalan-Refractory Multiple Myeloma Cells?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The onset of drug resistance is a major cause of treatment failure in multiple myeloma. Although increasing evidence is defining the role of miRNAs in mediating drug resistance, their potential activity as drug-sensitizing agents has not yet been investigated in multiple myeloma.', 'Here we studied the potential utility of miR-221/222 inhibition in sensitizing refractory multiple myeloma cells to melphalan.', 'miR-221/222 expression inversely correlated with melphalan sensitivity of multiple myeloma cells. Inhibition of miR-221/222 overcame melphalan resistance and triggered apoptosis of multiple myeloma cells in vitro, in the presence or absence of human bone marrow (BM) stromal cells. Decreased multiple myeloma cell growth induced by inhibition of miR-221/222 plus melphalan was associated with a marked upregulation of pro-apoptotic BBC3/PUMA protein, a miR-221/222 target, as well as with modulation of drug influx-efflux transporters SLC7A5/LAT1 and the ABC transporter ABCC1/MRP1. Finally, in vivo treatment of SCID/NOD mice bearing human melphalan-refractory multiple myeloma xenografts with systemic locked nucleic acid (LNA) inhibitors of miR-221 (LNA-i-miR-221) plus melphalan overcame drug resistance, evidenced by growth inhibition with significant antitumor effects together with modulation of PUMA and ABCC1 in tumors retrieved from treated mice.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Drug Resistance, Neoplasm', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Humans', 'Melphalan', 'Mice', 'MicroRNAs', 'Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins', 'Multiple Myeloma', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins', 'Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,524,462 | Are cXCL4 Plasma Levels Associated with the Extent of Coronary Artery Disease or with Coronary Plaque Morphology? | {
"contexts": [
"CXCL4 is a platelet chemokine released at micromolar concentrations upon platelet activation. CXCL4 has been shown to promote atherogenesis by various mechanisms. However, data on CXCL4 plasma levels in patients with coronary artery disease are largely inconclusive. Computed coronary artery angiography (CCTA) represents an excellent tool to quantify and characterize coronary atherosclerotic plaques. We hypothesized that increased CXCL4 plasma levels may be associated with features of plaque instability resulting in adverse cardiovascular events. Specifically, we sought to determine whether CXCL4 levels are correlated with specific features of coronary artery disease including (1) plaque volume, (2) calcium score, (3) degree of stenosis, or (4) vascular remodeling.",
"CXCL4 plasma levels were measured by ELISA in 217 patients undergoing CCTA for suspected CAD (mean age 64.2 ± 9.4 years, 107 (49.3%) male). Mean CXCL4 plasma levels were 12.5 ± 4.6 ng/mL. There was no significant correlation between CXCL4 levels and any clinical or demographic parameters including cardiovascular risk factors. CXCL4 plasma levels did not differ between patient with or without coronary artery disease (CAD: 12.5 ± 4.5 ng/ml, no CAD: 12.5 ± 4.8 ng/ml). Neither univariate nor multivariate analysis showed an association between CXCL4 levels and plaque volume, total calcium score, degree of stenosis, or vascular remodeling. Subgroup analysis of patients with CAD as confirmed by CCTA did not show any association of CXCL4 levels with the extent of CAD."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Coronary Angiography",
"Coronary Artery Disease",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Plaque, Atherosclerotic",
"Platelet Factor 4",
"Vascular Remodeling"
]
} | While CXCL4 may be present and active within the arterial wall, local increase of CXCL4 may not translate into systemically elevated CXCL4 levels. Further studies will have to test whether CXCL4 may still represent a suitable therapeutic target in human atherosclerosis. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are cXCL4 Plasma Levels Associated with the Extent of Coronary Artery Disease or with Coronary Plaque Morphology?\nContext: {'contexts': ['CXCL4 is a platelet chemokine released at micromolar concentrations upon platelet activation. CXCL4 has been shown to promote atherogenesis by various mechanisms. However, data on CXCL4 plasma levels in patients with coronary artery disease are largely inconclusive. Computed coronary artery angiography (CCTA) represents an excellent tool to quantify and characterize coronary atherosclerotic plaques. We hypothesized that increased CXCL4 plasma levels may be associated with features of plaque instability resulting in adverse cardiovascular events. Specifically, we sought to determine whether CXCL4 levels are correlated with specific features of coronary artery disease including (1) plaque volume, (2) calcium score, (3) degree of stenosis, or (4) vascular remodeling.', 'CXCL4 plasma levels were measured by ELISA in 217 patients undergoing CCTA for suspected CAD (mean age 64.2 ± 9.4 years, 107 (49.3%) male). Mean CXCL4 plasma levels were 12.5 ± 4.6 ng/mL. There was no significant correlation between CXCL4 levels and any clinical or demographic parameters including cardiovascular risk factors. CXCL4 plasma levels did not differ between patient with or without coronary artery disease (CAD: 12.5 ± 4.5 ng/ml, no CAD: 12.5 ± 4.8 ng/ml). Neither univariate nor multivariate analysis showed an association between CXCL4 levels and plaque volume, total calcium score, degree of stenosis, or vascular remodeling. Subgroup analysis of patients with CAD as confirmed by CCTA did not show any association of CXCL4 levels with the extent of CAD.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Coronary Angiography', 'Coronary Artery Disease', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Plaque, Atherosclerotic', 'Platelet Factor 4', 'Vascular Remodeling']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
26,544,174 | Does micronutrient Deficiency Independently predict Adverse Health Outcomes in Patients With Heart Failure? | {
"contexts": [
"Despite growing evidence on the important role of micronutrients in prognosis of heart failure (HF), there has been limited research that micronutrient deficiency predicts health outcomes in patients with HF.",
"The aim of this study was to determine whether micronutrient deficiency independently predicts adverse health outcomes.",
"A total of 113 consecutive outpatients with HF completed a 3-day food diary to measure intake of 15 micronutrients. The Computer Aided Nutrition Analysis Program for Professionals was used to analyze the food diaries and determine dietary micronutrient deficiencies. Patients completed the Minnesota Living With HF Questionnaire to assess health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and were followed up for 1 year to determine cardiac-related hospitalization or cardiac death. Hierarchical multiple linear regressions and Cox proportional hazard regressions were used to determine whether micronutrient deficiencies predicted health outcomes.",
"Fifty-eight patients (51%) had at least 3 micronutrient deficiencies (range, 0-14). Calcium, magnesium, and vitamin D were the most common micronutrient deficiencies. Micronutrient deficiency was independently associated with worse HRQoL (β = .187, P = .025) in hierarchical multiple linear regression. Thirty-nine patients were hospitalized or died during 1-year follow-up because of cardiac problems. The number of micronutrient deficiencies independently predicted cardiac event-free survival (hazard ratio, 1.14; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.28)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Deficiency Diseases",
"Dietary Supplements",
"Female",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Healthy Diet",
"Heart Failure",
"Humans",
"Linear Models",
"Male",
"Micronutrients",
"Middle Aged",
"Nutritional Status",
"Risk Factors",
"Surveys and Questionnaires"
]
} | These findings show that micronutrient deficiency independently predicted poor HRQoL and earlier cardiac event-free survival in patients with HF. Further research is needed to provide for specific dietary guidelines for better health outcomes in HF patients. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does micronutrient Deficiency Independently predict Adverse Health Outcomes in Patients With Heart Failure?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Despite growing evidence on the important role of micronutrients in prognosis of heart failure (HF), there has been limited research that micronutrient deficiency predicts health outcomes in patients with HF.', 'The aim of this study was to determine whether micronutrient deficiency independently predicts adverse health outcomes.', 'A total of 113 consecutive outpatients with HF completed a 3-day food diary to measure intake of 15 micronutrients. The Computer Aided Nutrition Analysis Program for Professionals was used to analyze the food diaries and determine dietary micronutrient deficiencies. Patients completed the Minnesota Living With HF Questionnaire to assess health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and were followed up for 1 year to determine cardiac-related hospitalization or cardiac death. Hierarchical multiple linear regressions and Cox proportional hazard regressions were used to determine whether micronutrient deficiencies predicted health outcomes.', 'Fifty-eight patients (51%) had at least 3 micronutrient deficiencies (range, 0-14). Calcium, magnesium, and vitamin D were the most common micronutrient deficiencies. Micronutrient deficiency was independently associated with worse HRQoL (β = .187, P = .025) in hierarchical multiple linear regression. Thirty-nine patients were hospitalized or died during 1-year follow-up because of cardiac problems. The number of micronutrient deficiencies independently predicted cardiac event-free survival (hazard ratio, 1.14; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.28).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Deficiency Diseases', 'Dietary Supplements', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Healthy Diet', 'Heart Failure', 'Humans', 'Linear Models', 'Male', 'Micronutrients', 'Middle Aged', 'Nutritional Status', 'Risk Factors', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,545,220 | Does axillary Lymph Node Dissection be a Risk Factor for Major Complications After Immediate Breast Reconstruction? | {
"contexts": [
"Complications after immediate breast reconstruction pose a significant challenge to the reconstructive surgeon. Known risk factors include smoking, obesity, age, and adjuvant oncologic therapies. Less is known about the association between axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) and the development of postoperative complications.",
"We conducted a retrospective study of all patients who underwent immediate breast reconstruction after mastectomy at our institution over a 10-year period. Our outcome was an occurrence of a major complication within 90 days postoperatively. For each patient, we recorded data on demographics, smoking status, pertinent medical history, reconstruction type, adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation, tumor pathology, and whether an ALND was performed. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated to estimate the risk of a complication if an ALND was performed.",
"One hundred eighty-four women, with 270 surgically treated breasts, were identified as having mastectomy with immediate reconstruction between 2002 and 2012. Mean age was 49.4 years (range, 25-84 years). There were 71 mastectomies with ALND performed, with 22 complications, and 199 mastectomies without ALND, with 20 complications (31% complication rate vs 10%, respectively; OR, 3.84; P < 0.001). When adjusted for reconstruction type, smoking history, obesity, age, presence of invasive disease, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, the OR for complications was 3.49 (P < 0.01). The most common complication was infection in both groups."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Axilla",
"Breast Neoplasms",
"Female",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Humans",
"Logistic Models",
"Lymph Node Excision",
"Mammaplasty",
"Mastectomy",
"Middle Aged",
"Odds Ratio",
"Postoperative Complications",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Risk Factors",
"Treatment Outcome"
]
} | Mastectomy with ALND is associated with a 3-fold increase in risk of major complications in women undergoing immediate breast reconstruction, even after adjustment for known risk factors and confounders. Further studies are warranted to elucidate how ALND leads to these complications and what measures can reduce their occurrence. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does axillary Lymph Node Dissection be a Risk Factor for Major Complications After Immediate Breast Reconstruction?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Complications after immediate breast reconstruction pose a significant challenge to the reconstructive surgeon. Known risk factors include smoking, obesity, age, and adjuvant oncologic therapies. Less is known about the association between axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) and the development of postoperative complications.', 'We conducted a retrospective study of all patients who underwent immediate breast reconstruction after mastectomy at our institution over a 10-year period. Our outcome was an occurrence of a major complication within 90 days postoperatively. For each patient, we recorded data on demographics, smoking status, pertinent medical history, reconstruction type, adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation, tumor pathology, and whether an ALND was performed. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated to estimate the risk of a complication if an ALND was performed.', 'One hundred eighty-four women, with 270 surgically treated breasts, were identified as having mastectomy with immediate reconstruction between 2002 and 2012. Mean age was 49.4 years (range, 25-84 years). There were 71 mastectomies with ALND performed, with 22 complications, and 199 mastectomies without ALND, with 20 complications (31% complication rate vs 10%, respectively; OR, 3.84; P < 0.001). When adjusted for reconstruction type, smoking history, obesity, age, presence of invasive disease, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, the OR for complications was 3.49 (P < 0.01). The most common complication was infection in both groups.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Axilla', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Logistic Models', 'Lymph Node Excision', 'Mammaplasty', 'Mastectomy', 'Middle Aged', 'Odds Ratio', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Treatment Outcome']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,542,793 | Does sT depression in lead aVL differentiate inferior ST-elevation myocardial infarction from pericarditis? | {
"contexts": [
"ST-segment elevation (STE) due to inferior STE myocardial infarction (STEMI) may be misdiagnosed as pericarditis. Conversely, this less life-threatening etiology of ST elevation may be confused for inferior STEMI. We sought to determine if the presence of any ST-segment depression in lead aVL would differentiate inferior STEMI from pericarditis.",
"Retrospective study of 3 populations. Cohort 1 included patients coded as inferior STEMI, cohort 2 included patients with a discharge diagnosis of pericarditis who presented with chest pain and at least 0.5 mm of ST elevation in at least 1 inferior lead. We analyzed the presenting electrocardiogram in both populations, with careful assessment of leads II, III, aVF, and aVL. In addition, we retrospectively studied a third cohort of patients with subtle inferior STEMI (<1-mm STE with occluded artery on catheterization) and assessed the sensitivity of ST depression in lead aVL for this group.",
"Of 154 inferior STEMI patients, 154 had some amount of ST depression in lead aVL (100%; confidence interval, 98%-100%). Of the 49 electrocardiograms in the pericarditis group, all 49 had some inferior STE but none had any ST-segment depression in lead aVL (specificity, 100%; confidence interval, 91%-100%). In the third cohort, there were 272 inferior MIs with coronary occlusion, of which 54 were \"subtle.\" Of these, 49 had some ST depression in lead aVL."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Diagnosis, Differential",
"Electrocardiography",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Myocardial Infarction",
"Pericarditis",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Sensitivity and Specificity"
]
} | When there is inferior ST-segment elevation, the presence of any ST depression in lead aVL is highly sensitive for coronary occlusion in inferior myocardial infarction and very specific for differentiating inferior myocardial infarction from pericarditis. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does sT depression in lead aVL differentiate inferior ST-elevation myocardial infarction from pericarditis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['ST-segment elevation (STE) due to inferior STE myocardial infarction (STEMI) may be misdiagnosed as pericarditis. Conversely, this less life-threatening etiology of ST elevation may be confused for inferior STEMI. We sought to determine if the presence of any ST-segment depression in lead aVL would differentiate inferior STEMI from pericarditis.', 'Retrospective study of 3 populations. Cohort 1 included patients coded as inferior STEMI, cohort 2 included patients with a discharge diagnosis of pericarditis who presented with chest pain and at least 0.5 mm of ST elevation in at least 1 inferior lead. We analyzed the presenting electrocardiogram in both populations, with careful assessment of leads II, III, aVF, and aVL. In addition, we retrospectively studied a third cohort of patients with subtle inferior STEMI (<1-mm STE with occluded artery on catheterization) and assessed the sensitivity of ST depression in lead aVL for this group.', 'Of 154 inferior STEMI patients, 154 had some amount of ST depression in lead aVL (100%; confidence interval, 98%-100%). Of the 49 electrocardiograms in the pericarditis group, all 49 had some inferior STE but none had any ST-segment depression in lead aVL (specificity, 100%; confidence interval, 91%-100%). In the third cohort, there were 272 inferior MIs with coronary occlusion, of which 54 were \"subtle.\" Of these, 49 had some ST depression in lead aVL.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Diagnosis, Differential', 'Electrocardiography', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Pericarditis', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Sensitivity and Specificity']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,535,122 | Does occult H. pylori infection partially explain 'false-positive ' results of ( 13 ) C-urea breath test? | {
"contexts": [
"In a previous study, UBiT-100 mg, (Otsuka, Spain), a commercial (13)C-urea breath test omitting citric acid pre-treatment, had a high rate of false-positive results; however, it is possible that UBiT detected low-density 'occult' infection missed by other routine reference tests. We aimed to validate previous results in a new cohort and to rule out the possibility that false-positive UBiT were due to an 'occult' infection missed by reference tests.",
"Dyspeptic patients (n = 272) were prospectively enrolled and UBiT was performed, according to the manufacturer's recommendations. Helicobacter pylori infection was determined by combining culture, histology and rapid urease test results. We calculated UBiT sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values (with 95% CI). In addition, we evaluated 'occult' H. pylori infection using two previously-validated polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods for urease A (UreA) and 16 S sequences in gastric biopsies. We included 44 patients with a false-positive UBiT, and two control groups of 25 patients each, that were positive and negative for all H. pylori tests.",
"UBiT showed a false-positive rate of 17%, with a specificity of 83%. All the positive controls and 12 of 44 patients (27%) with false-positive UBiT were positive for all two PCR tests; by contrast, none of our negative controls had two positive PCR tests."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": []
} | UBiT suffers from a high rate of false-positive results and sub-optimal specificity, and the protocol skipping citric acid pre-treatment should be revised; however, low-density 'occult' H. pylori infection that was undetectable by conventional tests accounted for around 25% of the 'false-positive' results. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does occult H. pylori infection partially explain 'false-positive ' results of ( 13 ) C-urea breath test?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"In a previous study, UBiT-100\\u2009mg, (Otsuka, Spain), a commercial (13)C-urea breath test omitting citric acid pre-treatment, had a high rate of false-positive results; however, it is possible that UBiT detected low-density 'occult' infection missed by other routine reference tests. We aimed to validate previous results in a new cohort and to rule out the possibility that false-positive UBiT were due to an 'occult' infection missed by reference tests.\", \"Dyspeptic patients (n = 272) were prospectively enrolled and UBiT was performed, according to the manufacturer's recommendations. Helicobacter pylori infection was determined by combining culture, histology and rapid urease test results. We calculated UBiT sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values (with 95% CI). In addition, we evaluated 'occult' H. pylori infection using two previously-validated polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods for urease A (UreA) and 16\\u2009S sequences in gastric biopsies. We included 44 patients with a false-positive UBiT, and two control groups of 25 patients each, that were positive and negative for all H. pylori tests.\", 'UBiT showed a false-positive rate of 17%, with a specificity of 83%. All the positive controls and 12 of 44 patients (27%) with false-positive UBiT were positive for all two PCR tests; by contrast, none of our negative controls had two positive PCR tests.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': []}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,544,507 | Does co-Transplantation of Skin-Derived Precursors and Collagen Sponge facilitate Diabetic Wound Healing by Promoting Local Vascular Regeneration? | {
"contexts": [
"Impaired diabetes wound healing can often lead to serious complications and remains a major health concern due to the lack of effective therapeutic approaches. Compromised angiogenesis, disrupted growth factor and cytokine activity are all attributable to diabetic wound healing impairment. The skin-derived precursors (SKPs) have been shown to differentiate into vascular and nerve cells, both of which are crucial components for wound repair. Given their easy accessibility and multipotency, the SKPs were proposed as an ideal therapeutic candidate for diabetic wound healing. Since the efficacy of cell therapy is limited by poor cell survival, collagen sponge was employed for better SKPs delivery.",
"SKPs were isolated and transplanted directly to the wound areas of diabetic mice in the absence and presence of collagen sponge. The effects of SKPs and/or collagen sponge on diabetic wound healing were examined histologically as well as immunostaining of isolectin and α-SMA. Mechanisms via which the SKPs facilitate wound healing were then investigated by transplanting SKPs that have been pre-labelled with a fluorescence dye, Dil. Expression patterns of Dil and an SKP marker, nestin, was also examined."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Capillaries",
"Cell Transdifferentiation",
"Cells, Cultured",
"Collagen",
"Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental",
"Male",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred C57BL",
"Microscopy, Fluorescence",
"Paracrine Communication",
"Regeneration",
"Skin",
"Skin Diseases",
"Stem Cell Transplantation",
"Stem Cells",
"Wound Healing"
]
} | Accelerated wound healing and enhanced local capillary regeneration could be observed 14 days after skin ablation from both SKPs and collagen sponge co-transplanted and collagen sponge only groups. Subsequent analyses further revealed superior pro-angiogenic effects from the SKP and collagen sponge co-delivered group, which are mainly attributable to in vivo transdifferentation and paracrine signalling of the SKPs. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does co-Transplantation of Skin-Derived Precursors and Collagen Sponge facilitate Diabetic Wound Healing by Promoting Local Vascular Regeneration?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Impaired diabetes wound healing can often lead to serious complications and remains a major health concern due to the lack of effective therapeutic approaches. Compromised angiogenesis, disrupted growth factor and cytokine activity are all attributable to diabetic wound healing impairment. The skin-derived precursors (SKPs) have been shown to differentiate into vascular and nerve cells, both of which are crucial components for wound repair. Given their easy accessibility and multipotency, the SKPs were proposed as an ideal therapeutic candidate for diabetic wound healing. Since the efficacy of cell therapy is limited by poor cell survival, collagen sponge was employed for better SKPs delivery.', 'SKPs were isolated and transplanted directly to the wound areas of diabetic mice in the absence and presence of collagen sponge. The effects of SKPs and/or collagen sponge on diabetic wound healing were examined histologically as well as immunostaining of isolectin and α-SMA. Mechanisms via which the SKPs facilitate wound healing were then investigated by transplanting SKPs that have been pre-labelled with a fluorescence dye, Dil. Expression patterns of Dil and an SKP marker, nestin, was also examined.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Capillaries', 'Cell Transdifferentiation', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Collagen', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Microscopy, Fluorescence', 'Paracrine Communication', 'Regeneration', 'Skin', 'Skin Diseases', 'Stem Cell Transplantation', 'Stem Cells', 'Wound Healing']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,535,407 | Do a Profilometric Study to Assess the Role of Toothbrush and Toothpaste in Abrasion Process? | {
"contexts": [
"Despite of many studies conducted on toothbrushes and toothpaste to find out the culprit for abrasion, there is no clear cut evidence to pin point the real cause for abrasion.",
"An in vitro assessment of the role of different types of toothbrushes (soft/ medium/hard) in abrasion process when used in conjunction with and without a dentifrice.",
"Forty five freshly extracted, sound, human incisor teeth were collected for this study. Enamel specimens of approximately 9 mm(2) were prepared by gross trimming of extracted teeth using a lathe machine (Baldor 340 Dental lathe; Ohio, USA). They were mounted on separate acrylic bases. The specimens were divided into three groups, each group containing 15 mounted specimens. Group 1 specimens were brushed with soft toothbrush; Group 2 brushed with medium toothbrush and Group 3 with hard toothbrush. Initially, all the mounted specimens in each group were brushed using dentifrice and then the same procedure was repeated with water as control. Profilometric readings were recorded pre and post to tooth brushing and the differences in readings served as proxy measure to assess surface abrasion. These values were then compared to each other. Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney U test were performed.",
"The results showed that brushing, with water alone, caused less abrasion than when toothpaste was added (p< 0.008). When brushed with water, the harder toothbrush caused more abrasion (higher Ra-value), but when toothpaste was added, the softer toothbrush caused more abrasion (p< 0.001)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": []
} | Besides supporting the fact that toothpaste is needed to create a significant abrasion, this study also showed that a softer toothbrush can cause more abrasion than harder ones. The flexibility of bristles is only secondary to abrasion process and abrasivity of dentifrice has an important role in abrasion process. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do a Profilometric Study to Assess the Role of Toothbrush and Toothpaste in Abrasion Process?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Despite of many studies conducted on toothbrushes and toothpaste to find out the culprit for abrasion, there is no clear cut evidence to pin point the real cause for abrasion.', 'An in vitro assessment of the role of different types of toothbrushes (soft/ medium/hard) in abrasion process when used in conjunction with and without a dentifrice.', 'Forty five freshly extracted, sound, human incisor teeth were collected for this study. Enamel specimens of approximately 9 mm(2) were prepared by gross trimming of extracted teeth using a lathe machine (Baldor 340 Dental lathe; Ohio, USA). They were mounted on separate acrylic bases. The specimens were divided into three groups, each group containing 15 mounted specimens. Group 1 specimens were brushed with soft toothbrush; Group 2 brushed with medium toothbrush and Group 3 with hard toothbrush. Initially, all the mounted specimens in each group were brushed using dentifrice and then the same procedure was repeated with water as control. Profilometric readings were recorded pre and post to tooth brushing and the differences in readings served as proxy measure to assess surface abrasion. These values were then compared to each other. Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney U test were performed.', 'The results showed that brushing, with water alone, caused less abrasion than when toothpaste was added (p< 0.008). When brushed with water, the harder toothbrush caused more abrasion (higher Ra-value), but when toothpaste was added, the softer toothbrush caused more abrasion (p< 0.001).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': []}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
26,534,751 | Are anxiety but not depression symptoms associated with greater perceived dyspnea in asthma during bronchoconstriction? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine whether anxiety and depression are associated with greater respiratory discomfort in asthma.",
"Adults with asthma (n = 230) underwent methacholine (Mch) challenge. Anxiety and depression, asthma control, and quality of life were evaluated at study entry by using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Asthma Control Test, and Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire, respectively. Qualitative descriptors of breathlessness, dyspnea intensity (modified Borg scale and visual analog scale [VAS]), and other respiratory symptoms were evaluated before and after Mch challenge.",
"Patients were classified as neither anxiety nor depression (NAD), anxiety only, depression only (D), or both anxiety and depression (AD) according to the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale score. Asthma Control Test and Asthma Control Test, and Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire scores were lowest in the AD group (both p < 0.001). VAS scores for dyspnea and wheezing before Mch challenge were highest in the AD group (both p < 0.05). The increase in the modified Borg scale score after Mch challenge was higher in the AD group (mean [standard deviation] 2.5 ± 2.0) than in the NAD (1.5 ± 1.5) and D (0.8 ± 0.9) groups (p = 0.006 and p = 0.003, respectively). Most descriptors of breathlessness were more prevalent in the anxiety only, D, and AD groups than in the NAD group. Multivariable logistic regression models indicated that anxiety increased the risk of dyspnea (odds ratio 1.10, p < 0.001 for the Borg score; odds ratio 3.84, p = 0.032 for the VAS score) but not for other respiratory symptoms."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Anxiety",
"Asthma",
"Bronchial Provocation Tests",
"Bronchoconstriction",
"Depression",
"Dyspnea",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Methacholine Chloride",
"Middle Aged",
"Quality of Life",
"Respiratory Function Tests",
"Risk Factors",
"Severity of Illness Index",
"Young Adult"
]
} | Anxiety but not depression was associated with greater perceived dyspnea intensity but not other measures of respiratory discomfort in individuals with asthma. Anxiety may shape the quality and intensity of dyspnea at a given respiratory load. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are anxiety but not depression symptoms associated with greater perceived dyspnea in asthma during bronchoconstriction?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To determine whether anxiety and depression are associated with greater respiratory discomfort in asthma.', 'Adults with asthma (n = 230) underwent methacholine (Mch) challenge. Anxiety and depression, asthma control, and quality of life were evaluated at study entry by using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Asthma Control Test, and Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire, respectively. Qualitative descriptors of breathlessness, dyspnea intensity (modified Borg scale and visual analog scale [VAS]), and other respiratory symptoms were evaluated before and after Mch challenge.', 'Patients were classified as neither anxiety nor depression (NAD), anxiety only, depression only (D), or both anxiety and depression (AD) according to the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale score. Asthma Control Test and Asthma Control Test, and Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire scores were lowest in the AD group (both p < 0.001). VAS scores for dyspnea and wheezing before Mch challenge were highest in the AD group (both p < 0.05). The increase in the modified Borg scale score after Mch challenge was higher in the AD group (mean [standard deviation] 2.5 ± 2.0) than in the NAD (1.5 ± 1.5) and D (0.8 ± 0.9) groups (p = 0.006 and p = 0.003, respectively). Most descriptors of breathlessness were more prevalent in the anxiety only, D, and AD groups than in the NAD group. Multivariable logistic regression models indicated that anxiety increased the risk of dyspnea (odds ratio 1.10, p < 0.001 for the Borg score; odds ratio 3.84, p = 0.032 for the VAS score) but not for other respiratory symptoms.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Anxiety', 'Asthma', 'Bronchial Provocation Tests', 'Bronchoconstriction', 'Depression', 'Dyspnea', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Methacholine Chloride', 'Middle Aged', 'Quality of Life', 'Respiratory Function Tests', 'Risk Factors', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
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