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3t506a
|
how do these "hot singles in your area that want to fuck" websites work?
|
Who is gullible enough to kill on the hundreds if not thousand of these spam advertisement that exist? From babysitters, to hot single moms, to girlfriends that what a sideflick, to lonely girls and so on and so on, how do any of these sites actually make any revenue? There can't be enough people who actually believe on these things and sign up... right?
edit: ignore the "KILL" that was a typo!!!
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3t506a/eli5_how_do_these_hot_singles_in_your_area_that/
|
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" > Who is gullible enough\n\nNever underestimate the gullibility of a lonely socially challenged person that's unfamiliar with the Internet. And if the service that the link is providing is actually partially rewarding at all, such as if a mother of seven from Thailand with a nice younger voice is actually *talking for a while* to that lonely person for a few dollars a minute, that can be enough for some people to come back to it. \n\n > There can't be enough people who actually **kill** on these things and sign up... right?\n\nSnuff sites are a bit more of a niche interest. :/",
"Ok, what do you mean by kill? Your question seems to want to know if people actually use those sites and click on the advertisement. I thought you accidentally typed kill instead of click, but then you did it again. Cause I don't think killing is what those ads had in mind. ",
"One thing to note is that these sites basically are happy if there exists just a single person that is gullible enough and who has access to money. You can squeeze large amounts of money from someone that gullible, but first you need to find this person. These ads exist to do that."
]
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|
[] |
[] |
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[],
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|
2esntk
|
how do people with dyslexia use captcha?
|
Like the title says, how does somebody use CAPTCHA when they are dyslexic, I know some CAPTCHA services have audio alongside it, but I have seen some that don't and I feel like those who have dyslexia, or another visual impairing disorder are screwed over here.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2esntk/eli5_how_do_people_with_dyslexia_use_captcha/
|
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"text": [
"You kind of answered your own question. In the absence of an audio component, these services are going to be difficult for dyslexics to use by definition.",
"Dyslexic here! I have some difficulty with them, and find myself having to retry them more than my peers but they don't pose to much of a problem. If I'm having a problem with determining a word/symbol or a set of words/symbols I just have to isolate the problem and ask myself questions to clear it up. Is that a p or a q...? Well a q faces the same way as an a.. So it's a q... Problem solved! "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
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|
dkf9u4
|
how does endometrial cancer develop, if the endometrium is shed with each menstrual cycle?
|
How does endometrial cancer take hold if the endometrium is being constantly replaced? Wouldn't getting your period just clear out whatever malignant cells had started to develop?
I've tried googling this but couldn't find an answer.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/dkf9u4/eli5_how_does_endometrial_cancer_develop_if_the/
|
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"Well there's a basal layer and a functional layer to the endometrium. Only the functional layer gets shed the basal layer stays and is the outer layer of the uterus (endometrial cancer aka uterine cancer). So it's a prime target for cancer. The menstrual cycle means that the cells there are constantly dividing and going through drastic events that make the conditions ripe for mutation."
]
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|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
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|
w74nf
|
nyquist sampling theorem
|
Okay, I do music technology, and I have studied it for two years now, but we went over this in my first year and it became very confusing, could somebody please help me? I know about the sample process of a wave and I understand things like Decibels quite easily, so I don't know if that will help. Tbh I'll be surprised if many people know what it is.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/w74nf/eli5_nyquist_sampling_theorem/
|
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"text": [
"Take a piece of paper. Draw a half-dozen cycles of a sine wave. Now, suppose we want to create a discretized (i.e., \"sampled\") version of the sine wave. For your first attempt, sample the sine wave every time it crosses the x-axis. Draw a dot at each sample. Now, connect the dots. Not very sine wavey, is it? (if you followed instructions properly, you should have gotten a flat line). This phenomenon is called \"aliasing.\"\n\nWhat went wrong? You could say \"bad luck\" - you just happened to pick a sample point each time the sine wave crossed the x-axis. But another way of saying what went wrong is that you didn't sample *often* enough (if you go back and move your (bad) sample points a little to the left or right and connect the dots again, you will find your sampled waveform *still* isn't very sine wavey). Nyquist came along and proved that your sampling rate must be at least 2x the highest frequency contained in the wave form you are sampling otherwise there is a danger of aliasing. This magical minimum sampling rate is known as the \"Nyquist frequency.\"\n\nHope that helps.",
"If you sample a high frequency sine wave too slowly it can falsely look like a low frequency sine wave since the wave is periodic. If you sample at twice the frequency of the wave you are guaranteed to get a representative set of samples"
]
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|
[] |
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[],
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|
an16lx
|
why it's not okay to eat raw eggs, but it's okay to eat cooked eggs that still have a runny yolk
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/an16lx/eli5_why_its_not_okay_to_eat_raw_eggs_but_its/
|
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"text": [
"I can’t directly answer your question, but I believe in many situations, it is still recommended to thoroughly cook eggs. For example, when my wife was pregnant, the doctor advised all eggs be fully cooked, so scrambled or “over hard.”",
"Technically, runny eggs are just as dangerous. It's just the fact that there is a LOT happening behind the scenes to reduce the overall risk - someone did a math, and if you ate 2 eggs every day, it would take you ~27 years on average to get exposed to a salmonella-infected egg.\n\nAnd while cooking the egg a little bit is better than not cooking it at all, technically, it could still have the pathogen.\n\nSo to answer your question: It's not okay to have a runny yolk. But people go for it because its still relatively safe.\n\nThere is also the fact that Salmonella usually lives on the outer shell, and thus mostly seeps into the white (with the yolk \"protected\" in the middle, so that helps too, somewhat.\n\n\n_URL_0_\n\n_URL_1_",
"Watched a program that its ok to eat raw eggs these days. In the UK at least. It used to be that raw eggs weren’t salmonella free way back when. \n\nThen the UK government went mad on health safety so now the eggs have to be rigorously healthy before they reach the public so theres no issues eating them raw. Some people just still think ‘dont eat raw eggs’ ",
"These days, raw eggs are just as safe as anything else. They're all pasteurized so harmful bacteria is removed. Of course, as with anything, it isn't perfect, but there's no reason (aside from how gross they are) to not gulp down slimy, raw eggs. "
]
}
|
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"https://www.organicauthority.com/energetic-health/just-how-risky-are-runny-eggs",
"https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3j3xgw/eli5_why_are_over_easy_eggs_safe_to_eat_if_the/"
],
[],
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||
3yqblv
|
many muslims drink a lot and have premarital sex a lot but still avoid pork explaining that it is against their religion. can someone explain this kind of reasoning?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3yqblv/eli5_many_muslims_drink_a_lot_and_have_premarital/
|
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"text": [
"All of those are against their religion. However, the temptation to drink socially and have sex is much higher than to eat pork, especially if they've never tasted pork before. ",
"Easier to avoid pork than drinking and fucking, plus it's harder to be stigmatized socially for not eating pork, whereas fucking and drinking are pretty important for a 'normal' western social life ",
"Lots of things are forbidden in every religion, people pick and choose what aspects they want to follow. Bible has prohibitions on pork and shellfish too. A lot of stuff in the old testament that people ignored.\n\nReligion has rules for how to live and spirituality, some people focus on the spirituality side.",
"I've known a few who had been told so many times that pigs are disgusting, unclean creatures that they simply had no appetite for it either way.\n\nKnowing pigs, Muslims might be on to something.",
"It is a very emblematic aspect of their religion, and as another person said it's much less tempting than the inclination to drink or have sex. Another thing, growing up in a Muslim cultural environment you wouldn't grow up with pork at all, so abstinence is something that's just a given. Abstinence from sexual intercourse, however, is something that always requires effort. The social pressures of drinking in countries where drinking is a large part of the culture is another thing.",
"I think the important thing to note is this: people's moral compass isn't dictated by religion. Pretty much all religions speak against premarital sex and drunkenness but everyone from all religions nearly does it. \n\nA persons morality is more so on up bringing than it is religion.",
"Because not eating pork is also part of the culture of Arabic and Maghrebian people. I know arabic non muslims that still avoids eating porks because they consider it disgusting. It became so normal in a lot of countries that's it's no different than not eating dogs in western countries for them. The premarital sex and drinking is another story, basically a lot of them think they can make up for it with other good deeds, like a point system if you want, you lose some you take some. "
]
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1w2sfe
|
affluenza.
|
There was this whole issue about a rich guy who got off from jail time for murder because of affluenza. Why was affluenza part of our justice system in the first place? What does it do?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1w2sfe/eli5_affluenza/
|
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"In that particular case, the term was used to describe the argument raised by the defendant's attorney that because the kid came from an extremely rich family, and his parents never disciplined him or restrained his actions and always used their money and influence to keep him out of trouble he didn't understand that anything he did was wrong and couldn't conform his actions accordingly. \n\nIts not really a part of our justice system in any real sense, but in this case the judge bought it as a mitigating factor when sentencing the kid. The judge is a disgrace for making that decision, but it certainly isn't the first the argument has been tried. "
]
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|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
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|
ex9otr
|
why haven’t we made an airplane that runs on solar power
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/ex9otr/eli5_why_havent_we_made_an_airplane_that_runs_on/
|
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"Putting enough solar panels on a plane to get the energy to run it would make the plane so heavy that it wouldn't be able to fly. We don't have the technology yet to make solar panels powerful enough and light enough for them to be useful to run cars or planes.",
"There are prototypes that work but planes simply need to much energy to fly using only (current) solsr panel technology",
"The amount of energy that can be generated per second from the amount of solar panels that can fit on top of a plane is not enough to run the plane.\n\nThere are other concerns, like making solar panels tough enough to withstand takeoff and landing and high speeds, but the whole \"there isn't enough energy in that much sunlight\" makes all the other concerns meaningless",
"They did. It flew around the world. It isn't practical, though, because sunlight only gives you on kilowatt per square meter of surface area, and solar panels can only use a fraction of that, so less than one horsepower for a square meter of solar panels. That is barely enough power to keep the fragile one-person plane they built aloft. Forget carrying passengers or cargo. That one kilowatt per square meter is a hard limit: no amount of technology can make the sun shine brighter!\n\n_URL_0_"
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||
4hav0o
|
what is the greater causitive factor in carcinogenic cancers: normal lifespan, or exposure?
|
Cats can develop oral cancer from smoke exposure in just a few years. In humans, that same tobacco exposure often takes decades to develop into carcinomas. So is the relationship less about exposure, and more about avg. lifespan? Would a giant tortoise then take 150yrs to get the same cancer? And why?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4hav0o/eli5_what_is_the_greater_causitive_factor_in/
|
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"Exposure, given a finite lifespan. If you were immortal (at least in the sense that you didn't die from injury or whatever), the older you get, the more probable natural cancer will develop.\n\nThere's lots of things you can put in your body that cause cancer. Smoking, processed foods in huge amounts over your life, blah blah blah... the point is, genetics can predetermine your likelihood but exposure can exponentially increase your chances.\n\nTo understand this, you must understand that cancer, ELI5, is a mutation in any bodily cell that basically makes the cell forget to \"die\". Your cells constantly die and are replaced and this keeps them in working order. Cancer are cells that don't die due to mutation, and can proliferate new cells with the same mutation while also developing further mutations itself. This is how cancer spreads; cells don't die, the abnormal cells multiply until you get so damaged on a cellular level that your organs, then you, die.\n\nSpontaneous mutation does happen, but exposure is the bigger risk unless you live for a long time. If you've managed to avoid carcinogens and nothing else kills you, the longer you live, the more likely one of your cells will mutate in this way at some point. Most people just die one way or another before this happens, but it does happen.\n\nEdit: cancer is a specific mutation. Not all cellular mutations are bad. In this case, it's just the cell mutating into an \"immortal\" status. Read up on HeLa if you're interested; it's cancer cells harvested from a woman who died of cancer and they kept a culture of her cancer cells, and even in a lab petri dish, the cells continue to proliferate. They are also called the Immortal Cells."
]
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|
[] |
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e9d443
|
how does a company like goodrx work and make money?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/e9d443/eli5_how_does_a_company_like_goodrx_work_and_make/
|
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"As a rule of thumb, these companies don't earn any money, in fact they often lose a lot.\n\nThe idea with them is to generate a database of users and gather data on their spending patterns, purchase patterns and so on, that become so large that the data itself becomes woth something to big companies like Google, Facebook and Amazon.\n\nThey simply build up a business for being bought.",
"Nobody pays the list price for drugs. When your insurance company pays a pharmacy for a drug they do so at a huge discount. Companies like GoodRx do the same negotiating that insurance companies do, but instead of GoodRx paying the negotiated rate you do. Pharmacies then pay GoodRx a referral fee for every sale that gets directed to them.\n\nIn other words, GoodRx directs you to a specific pharmacy. You pay close to the rate that an insurance company would pay for whatever you buy and GoodRx pockets the difference."
]
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65eu30
|
how exactly is sepsis painful?
|
From what I've heard, one of the symptoms of sepsis is pain. Since sepsis is basically an over-the-top immune system effect, akin to fever, why is it painful? I don't get why fever is painful either.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/65eu30/eli5_how_exactly_is_sepsis_painful/
|
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"Sepsis is also called systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Sepsis causes widespread inflammation. Inflammation causes redness, heat, swelling, and pain. Sepsis does not directly cause pain though. There's only pain when there is a lot of inflammation. Pain isn't even listed as one of the most common symptoms of sepsis. Fever does not cause pain either. They tend to occur together because infection causes both fever and inflammatory pain.\n\n_URL_0_",
"SIRS is an inflammatory response, and Sepsis is the inflammatory response with a positive or suspected infection. Sepsis works at the cellular level. Your body releases cytokines which cause the inflammation, and your body releases more proteins that destroys the inner wall of your blood vessels. I'm assuming the pain comes from the ruptures in your vessels. Your liver reacts and the clotting factors activate. You use up all your clotting factors to correct the destruction of blood vessels. This creates this paradoxical process called Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation. You're throwing clots throughout your body and bleeding at the same time. This causes tissue necrosis and organ failure which further aggravates pain. The pain can also come from the increased lactic acid that builds up. Lactic acid is an important lab value for sepsis. \n\n\nSIRS can be caused by trauma as well. Say you experience a huge trauma, such as a crash, your body begins an inflammation response. If you have infection and meet the SIRS criteria, you're septic. Once you have hypotension and lactic acid levels higher than > 4, you're in severe sepsis. If it's persistent hypotension despite medication intervention and your lactic acid is high, you're in septic shock. "
]
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|
[] |
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"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/sepsis"
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|
4idegj
|
in the event that your eyes pop out of your head, is it still possible to see through them? what causes there to be the loss of sight?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4idegj/eli5in_the_event_that_your_eyes_pop_out_of_your/
|
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"text": [
"I'm no expert, but if your eyes popped out of your head without any damage to the optic nerve, I imagine you'd still be able to see. I believe damage to the optic nerve is what usually causes loss of vision. It's not really clear from your question whether you meant the eyes just came out of the sockets, or actually detached from the head. You definitely wouldn't be able to see if they detached from the head.",
"I had a friend that had a very bad car wreck. He was ejected from his truck and landed on his face, crushing his orbital. His eye was laying on his cheek, and he said that it was very disturbing. Afterwards, his doctors warned him of the dangers of sneezing too hard.",
"This is a giant guess, but I'm pretty sure the musculature surrounding your eye is required for actual vision - if the nerves remained connected yes, but there would be no ability to focus so you'd likely see a giant blur. Much like my sentences.",
"Yes, my dad worked as an electrician for years. On a job site one time, a worker was using a powerful electric hand drill with a big bar sticking out to use as a handle / for leverage. Well the drill bit got stuck and he lost grip on the bar before he could stop it, the bar swung around and smacked him on the side of the face, popping is eye out. He could see through it the whole time while it dangled from his eye socket. He said he got very dizzy because it was swinging around and pointing down and what not while his other eye was looking forward as normal."
]
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49677n
|
why can people summit mt. everest (29,000 ft) and survive, yet people die within a couple minutes if an airplane cabin is depressurized at 34,000 ft?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/49677n/eli5_why_can_people_summit_mt_everest_29000_ft/
|
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"text": [
"Training vs not. Take a person off the street and drop him on Everest base camp and he won't last long",
"Summiting Everest takes over a month because the body needs to acclimate to the difference in air pressure. Depressurization doesn't kill.. that's why it's called *rapid* depressurization. ",
"People spend weeks at progressively higher base camps to force their body to make more red blood cells so that they are better able to breathe the thin air. The people in an airplane have had no such adaptations so they don't get enough oxygen and pass out. ",
"\"explosive decompression\" means that the aircraft had a catastrophic event where the aircraft lost pressurization. Now, a commercial aircraft is usually pressurized to 6000 equivalent of 6,000 feet for passenger comfort.\n\nSeveral factors go into depressurization deaths. a sudden decompression causes panic and panic induces faster than normal breathing which leads to rapid hypoxia (low oxygen in the blood). This can bring on a heart attack which is what kills.\n\nclimbers of Mt Everest usually acclimate themselves by climbing lower mountains and on the climb by spending time in the base camps at different levels. Also, deaths still happen on Everest due to the same situations of low blood oxygen. 250 people have died climbing Everest. "
]
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7dwjrt
|
why does a battery get warm when it's getting charged/used?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/7dwjrt/eli5why_does_a_battery_get_warm_when_its_getting/
|
{
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"text": [
"The same way a light bulb of a stove element gets hot. When electrical current flows through something, the electrical charges bump into things and this creates heat. It's effectively friction for electricity, and it's called resistance. \n\n\nThe only difference between a battery and light bulb filament is what the electrical charges are. In a light bulb filament (or any other metal wire), it's electrons flowing through it and they bulb into the fixed metal atoms of the metal. In a battery, it's the ions (changed atoms or molecules) that participate in the chemical reactions either storing or producing the energy moving through the liquid, and they bump into the non-charged atoms or molecules, such as water. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
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||
3fpj8z
|
why do non si units of measure seem to get flack but knots seem pretty standard?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3fpj8z/eli5_why_do_non_si_units_of_measure_seem_to_get/
|
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"text": [
"Because knots are very very useful when on the water and using maps.\n\n1 knot is 1 nautical mile per hour. A nautical mile is one arcminute of Earth's surface. The reason that is really handy is because of the way maps are drawn. You know those lines they draw on maps? The longitude and latitude lines? Well, the horizontal lines (the latitude lines) represent degrees from the equator to the poles. You can look at a map and see that you need to go from 12 degrees latitude, to 18 degrees latitude, so you need to travel 6 degrees in latitude. But how far is that? Well 1 nautical mile is 1 arcminute. There are 60 arcminutes in 1 degree. You are traveling 6 degrees. So 360 nautical miles. At 36 knots it would take 10 hours. All of that was super easy because we started with latitude lines and used nautical miles. If we used SI units we'd need calculators."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
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fhy8jt
|
shouldn't greenhouse gasses also make the atmosphere reflect the heat before it enters the atmosphere?
|
My very limited understanding of the subject is that the heat from the sun goes through the atomosphere and then it just kinda bounces between the atomosphere and the earth. Increased greenhouse gasses lead to increased "bounceback". But shouldn't increased greenhouse gasses also reduce the heat that enters the system in the first place?
Apologies for any confusion caused by being on mobile and not speaking English as a native language.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/fhy8jt/eli5_shouldnt_greenhouse_gasses_also_make_the/
|
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"The energy coming in from the sun is at a wavelength that passes through those greenhouse gasses. The heat the earth tries to radiate out to space is at a different wavelength, which bounces off of them. The effect really is very much like a greenhouse in that regard. It captures and retains heat. The greenhouse gasses are like the glass on a greenhouse.",
"heat isn't just heat, and greenhouse gasses care about what kind of light is holding that heat. \n\nWhen the sun is blasting us with energy it comes in as more or less even distribution of electromagnetic waves, including visible light and ultra-violet light. Greenhouse gasses tend to be transparent to those higher frequencies of light and just pass it right trough uninterrupted.\n\nHowever the earth is mostly radiating heat out via infrared light. Greenhouse gasses are *not* transparent to that, and will try to absorb that radiation. This causes the\"bounceback\".\n\nEssentially the gasses form a one-way mirror. It will let the high-energy light pass trough from the sun, but doesn't allow the lower-energy infrared radiation to pass back out from the other side.",
"The rays coming from the sun have a short wavelength which makes it easy for them to go through the atmosphere. When those hit the earth, they are partly converted to infra red heat rays which have a long wavelength thus making it harder to not hit a greenhouse gas molecule in the Atmosphere\n\nYou can think of it like throwing small and big balls against a net. Most of the smaller ones will easily fit through the holes, but the big ones have a great chance of hitting a strings of the net."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
6hfuzp
|
if piracy is illegal why does reddit allow r/piracy to exist?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6hfuzp/eli5_if_piracy_is_illegal_why_does_reddit_allow/
|
{
"a_id": [
"dixyn5k",
"dixyyf3"
],
"score": [
3,
4
],
"text": [
"Because *talking* about piracy is perfectly legal. What's illegal is making copies of intellectual property that you don't hold the copyright for (and don't have the copyright holder's permission to copy).",
"r/piracy is about the **discussion** of piracy, a fairly common behavior, as opposed to enabling piracy directly. In fact, they ban you if you request or link to pirated material. Similar to how r/drugs exists for discussion of psychoactive substances, but disallows sourcing of drugs or paraphernalia."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
||
5i6ufm
|
what is the asian flush?
|
Physiologically speaking
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5i6ufm/eli5_what_is_the_asian_flush/
|
{
"a_id": [
"db5ucvz"
],
"score": [
5
],
"text": [
"There's a specific gene that is much more common among east asians (rare among europeans or africans, but between 30-50% of Chinese and Japanese have it) which causes the flush.\n\nAcetaldehyde is a byproduct of digesting alcohol. Every humans produces acetaldehyde as the liver breaks down alcohol.\n\nPeople with this specific gene are better at metabolizing (breaking down) alcohol than people who don't have the gene, so those with the gene produce acetaldehyde at faster and higher rates than those who don't have the gene.\n\nThis excess acetaldehyde in the blood stream causes the flush. It also makes those with the gene able to consume more alcohol and less able to feel the \"buzz\" from drinking booze."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
4cn16c
|
; why does dimmed light hurt or damage your eyes?
|
I'd like to know why ones eyes may become damaged or pained when looking at different a brightness of light than the background of your eyes focus. For example looking at a bright screen in a dark room, vise versa, or simply looking at a dimmed screen at a finely lit area.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4cn16c/eli5_why_does_dimmed_light_hurt_or_damage_your/
|
{
"a_id": [
"d1k1s2n"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"It causes eye strain which can lead to headaches. You will just tire your eyes out faster. No permanent damage other than discomfort."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
27219b
|
why does venus always seem neglected in terms of research and exploration?
|
I just find it odd that there's been this big push for decades to go to Mars. We have a very healthy amount of rovers along there, constantly sending us beautiful pictures and doing all of these experiments. I believe we've had exactly one probe actually touch the surface of Venus: _URL_0_.
Don't get me wrong, I understand that Venus is literally the definition of hell: A thick atmosphere, blazing hot temperatures, etc isn't exactly a small hurdle to jump. But it's very obvious we can send things there because it's been done already. I'm not saying let's switch our gears from Mars to Venus. Because Mars is a lot closer to Earth than Venus is and quite frankly we've come a long way to understanding Mars. But could we at least send some more rovers over there? Like some advanced ones à la Curiosity? I would certainly be interested in seeing if there's anything living on Venus now or at one point.
Speaking of life, haven't we discovered plenty of extremophiles living in what we previously assumed were uninhabitable conditions? If something can live on Mars with little to no water, then why can't something live on Venus? Or is the only reason we suspect there might be life on Mars because we believe it to be previously similar to Earth?
Anyways, I've rambled on for long enough. Does anyone have an answer? I find Venus to be a really fascinating planet because it really gets just about as alien as a planet gets.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/27219b/eli5_why_does_venus_always_seem_neglected_in/
|
{
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"score": [
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"text": [
"[There's been a few landings](_URL_0_)\n\nIt's just less interesting because it has no potential for supporting life in any form we know of and has minimal potential to ever be settled.",
"Mars was previously very close to what Earth is today. But the biggest reason is that nothing we built survives on the Venusian surface for very long - I think the longest-surviving probe lasted like half an hour. It's not a very friendly place.",
"The average surface temperature of Venus is 462 degrees Celsius (864 Fahrenheit). Constructing a rover that won't melt is a huge hurdle, and we can pretty much rule out manned settlement in the future along with finding life as we know it. ",
"venus is mostly a volcanic planet. anything living on venus would most likely not be carbon based. as the average temperature is 460 degrees Celsius year round in all areas. for mars, −127 to 40 °C. there is nothing currently out there that can withstand that extreme heat for an long period of time. it is also a lot easier to heat things than is it to cool things. so cost and technology are probably the biggest issues in getting a rover on venus. "
]
}
|
[] |
[
"http://i.imgur.com/pRMPSew.jpg"
] |
[
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_missions_to_Venus"
],
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
bawci1
|
how did property law work in the old west when businesses popped up along the main street in newly formed towns?
|
I became curious after seeing this photo: _URL_0_
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/bawci1/eli5_how_did_property_law_work_in_the_old_west/
|
{
"a_id": [
"ekf17r8"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"All land was claimed. The government owned it but would sell it or give it away for use. To get the railroad built the government gave away half the land next to the rails to the company that built the tracks. Farmers could get land. Miners could get land. \n\nYou could just squat on land, but in a town you would have to buy or lease the land or get permission. Usually someone would claim land at a water source and then sell land to others to build in the town. Most of the west was close to a desert and control of water was what really mattered"
]
}
|
[] |
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/interestingasfuck/comments/baqoyv/colorado_120_years_ago/"
] |
[
[]
] |
|
7iq67x
|
frequency modulation synthesis
|
I understand the basic idea that one waveform is used to modulate a carrier, changing its timbre, but I still cannot imagine how this works on a level deeper than that. How does one waveform magically effect another, in the context of synthesizing sounds? Please ELI5.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/7iq67x/eli5frequency_modulation_synthesis/
|
{
"a_id": [
"dr0kmln"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Does [this image](_URL_0_) help you to understand? \n \nThe carrier wave is \"modulated\" (changed) in accordance to what the signal waveform is doing (called the \"modulator\" in this gif). "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[
"http://mriquestions.com/uploads/3/4/5/7/34572113/9534325_orig.gif"
]
] |
|
4ee5x2
|
what is the 'anti-lgbt law' that north carolina keeps getting so much flack for, and why is it so bad?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4ee5x2/eli5_what_is_the_antilgbt_law_that_north_carolina/
|
{
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"text": [
"It basically allows companies and businesses to discriminate against LGBT employees and customers. One of the more specific rules is that transgenders have to go to the bathroom of their biological sex unless they've had surgery altering their appearance. Some cities had nondiscrimination laws to provide protections for LGBT people, but those laws are now void under the state law.",
"The bathroom thing is a smokescreen.\n\nThe parts that make it so bad are two HUGE details:\n\nOne - it strips the rights to sue employers under anti-discrimination rules, a right that you have based on race, sex, and religion.. oh, gay? Nope.. you do not have protection\n\nTwo - strips away local laws of counties and cities that extend this protection locally if the State cannot be bothered",
"North Carolina has passed two laws that combined have been called Anti-LGBTQ laws (which I think is very accurate as an assessment). \n\nOne is a religious freedom law and one is a transgender bathroom law. I'll try to explain them neutrally first (before I inevitably succumb to my only political leanings). \n\n[The religious freedom law](_URL_1_)'s goal is arguably meant to protect religious liberty and no where in it's text does it discuss anything to do with LGBT rights. Imagine being a pastafarian and you need to eat pasta every friday. You'd be upset if a city passed a law saying no pasta on fridays. So, the state passed a law to prevent that. But, the United States already has religious protection in the first amendment. So why did they pass this law? This law was passed immediately after a liberal city in North Carolina passed a law preventing LGBTQ discrimination. The religious freedom law then effectively means that you can say your religion will allow you to discriminate against LGBTQ people despite what the city ordnance said. \n\n[The other major statute is a transgender bathroom bill](_URL_0_) This law is meant to prevent people whose gender expression is not the same as what it was on their birth certificate. The bill was passed arguably to protect people from sexual assault by trans people (which is extremely rare). It's effect is to put people who look like [this](_URL_2_) in womens rooms (I think this one was being circulated in relation to a texas law that was similar). Arguably, this bill is a fundamental misunderstanding of what transpeople are. It seems to think they are just straight people playing dress up. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[
"http://www.ncleg.net/Sessions/2015E2/Bills/House/PDF/H2v0.pdf",
"http://www.ncga.state.nc.us/Sessions/2015/Bills/House/PDF/H348v1.pdf",
"http://upw-prod-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/nugget/5519b56f373836000c7c0000/attachments/michaelopen-6ce7f93f442d94a2f7e0f827caf4ee96.jpg"
]
] |
||
4aqu5q
|
why do my family members and friends say obama is the worst president in history? i think they are wrong but they never really provide explanations (he doesn't do enough for people, taxes too high, etc).
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4aqu5q/eli5_why_do_my_family_members_and_friends_say/
|
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"text": [
"They probably say that because that's what they've been told. It's the common refrain of the GOP and Fox News. He has the ACA and the bail-outs as major accomplishments - and both of those appear to be net positive, if imperfect. Other than that, he's not done anything big (and couldn't without Congress), taxes haven't really changed. I suppose no extending SNAP benefits is a failure, but again, that would take an act of Congress (and Congress has explicitly refused to do anything at all).",
"They're either just exceptionally biased, racist or stupid. \n\nThere are plenty of candidates for \"Worst President in History\". But Obama doesn't even come close. He's not even the worst president in the last decade. \n\nFor Obamacare alone, he's going to go down in history as one of the best presidents we've had. Say nothing of unwinding the clusterfuck that was 4 years of Bush's presidency. \n\n\"Give me one reason why Obama is worse than GWBush\". Watch them work themselves into knots trying to figure that out. It's just stupidity and institutional bias. ",
"Taxes too high? Income taxes are still lower than when Regan and Nixon were in office.",
"Let's have a little objectivity here. I think this is a great question. I think you're well meaning by posing it. I also think it deserves a dignified response.\n\n\"Biased, racist, stupid,\" \"ill-informed,\" \"because that's what they've been told,\" \"no desire to inform themselves in reality..\"\n\nI assume your family members are not racist, stupid robots who parrot whatever they are told. You may notice that the above quotes from other commenters are exhibiting attitudes that are just as dismissive as the people they are intending to describe and have no desire to understand *why* people are upset with Obama as you do. I give you a great deal of credit for that.\n\nIn *fairness* saying \"Obama is the worst president in history,\" is a bit of an overreach. I imagine your family members have not lived under every US president and are not presidential scholars. Besides, what exactly are the *criteria* for \"worst\" or \"best\" or even \"good\" or \"bad?\" It is purely subjective. Obama may very well be \"the worst president in recent history,\" but memory is a tricky thing and more recent circumstances tend to seem more significant than those of the past. Clearly it is an expression of frustration or even anger. Some commenters will justify their opinions that people who dislike Obama \"can't come up with a single reason.\" If they were to pay attention to a wider source of media than they choose to listen to, they would realize there are many reasons. It is also important to point out that if you ask a regular citizen about why they support/don't support a candidate, they are rarely able to give more than one or two reasons if any--in reality, people absorb news about politicians they agree or don't agree with and then form an *impression* of a politician. This is a fairly well validated idea by political science research so objections of this nature are somewhat immaterial.\n\nIn short, I dislike Obama for the same reason I despise Trump. He is a megalomaniac who believes he knows best, has no desire to listen to anyone else, vilifies his opponents and ultimately does not care about the rule of law, the limits on his powers and will do whatever he can to advance his goals.\n\nIf you were to listen to a left leaning liberal media outlet such as MSNBC, they will state that all of the opposition to Obama is because of racism. This is not quite moronic as it is deliberately deceptive as right leaning pundits articulate reasons they dislike him on a daily basis which are purely due to his policies and behavior. Many of those same right wingers were ardent supporters of Dr. Ben Carson before he started to express ideas which led people on both sides to agree he wasn't the right person to lead the country.\n\nThat being said, Obama is not a *good* president. He is also *not the right person to lead us now*, though his supporters obviously disagree. \n\nAfter New Orleans was devastated by Hurricane Katrina, Obama (a Senator back then) told the people of New Orleans that Congress had voted against a waiver necessary to provide the city with emergency funds to rebuild. He also implied that the reason Congress had done so was because...white people in Congress don't care about the black population in New Orleans. He did this despite the fact that Congress *had in fact passed the waiver he claimed they didn't two weeks earlier.* To make matters worse, Obama himself *voted against* passing the waiver (he disagreed with one of the provisions).\n\nAs president, Obama has continued to engage in the same sort of behavior. For example, you may have heard of the \"sequestration.\" This was an attempt to reign in out of control government spending by limiting what the government could spend. Initially, the idea was that a group of Democrats and Republican Congressmen would agree on cuts to government spending. If they did not, the cuts would happen happen anyway, but they would be applied across the board, rather than intelligently cut from government programs that were not important/essential. When the committee did not agree on the cuts that needed to be made, this came into effect. As President, Obama railed against Republicans and blamed them for the sequester. He closed national monuments (which ironically cost money to pay guards to keep people out even though keeping them open cost nothing at all), canceled White House tours and threatened to close air traffic control towers causing flight delays for Americans and claimed that the government could not pay the elderly their social security checks or the pay military personnel. He did this despite the fact that *the sequester was his own idea* and that Republicans in Congress *repeatedly attempted to pass legislation that would avoid senseless cuts*. His goal was to negatively impact as many Americans as possible in order to build political support for himself so that Congress would lift the limits on government borrowing and continue the long running trend of government spending money we do not have (which I, and I assume you, if you are a young person, will eventually have to pick up the tab for as will our children and grandchildren).\n\nListen to clips of Obama at any time over the past few years and you will hear him blame Republicans for this, Conservatives for that. Accusations of them adopting policies because they hate the poor, women and minorities run rampant even though this is false and lacking any sense. America is more polarized than ever and what we *need* is a unifying figure. In contrast, Obama is petty, divisive and routinely goes well out of his way to vilify his political opposition.\n\nOne of the things Obama promised was to be \"the most transparent administration in history.\" He has not only fallen short of this but actively attempts to be the least transparent president in modern history, at the very least. His administration has persecuted government whistleblowers with unprecedented fervor, actively hinders Freedom of Information Act requests, interferes with government witnesses' testimony before Congress (and thus, the public), limits journalist access to his administration more than any of his predecessors and has promoted a complete lack of accountability for government officials in cases of government wrongdoing. I am sure many will object to this, but honestly, even journalists on the left have taken note of his behavior in this regard and I invite you to google, research and educate yourself.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
23tqw8
|
why do the insides of escalators glow green?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/23tqw8/eli5_why_do_the_insides_of_escalators_glow_green/
|
{
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"text": [
"Apparently it's to improve visibility of the steps as they near their terminus. Some escalators which are not equipped with these lights use a bright yellow strip instead. This is all on accordance with and outlined in the ASMC's safety codes and standards.\n\n_URL_0_",
"in Vienna the escalators of underground 2 (the violet line) glow violet (at least at some stops).\nSo it does not have to be green, it's the colour of the bulb you put there, and as said before: it is just for better visibility.",
"I'm not sure if this is universal, but it is a safety thing in Australia. Basically there is one on each end of the escalator, that you can really only see when the steps level out and to make it easier to see where you are meant to step off. \n\nIt's only on newer escalators here though.\n\n\nSource: SO's father works on escalators for a living and just blinded me showing off one of his spare lights. \n"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[
"https://www.asme.org/about-asme/who-we-are/standards/safety-codes-for-elevators-and-escalators?cm_re=Standards%20and%20Certification-_-Left%20Navigation-_-Safety%20Codes%20and%20Standards"
],
[],
[]
] |
||
3rwt6e
|
what happens when you "break the seal" and have to pee way more often?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3rwt6e/eli5_what_happens_when_you_break_the_seal_and/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cwrzkk3"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"It's a myth that has to do with drinking habits when consuming alcohol. \n\nLeading up to a night of drinking, you probably consume a normal amount of liquid. Then once you actually start consuming alcohol in earnest, you start drinking faster. It takes 30 minutes to an hour for the first drink to make it to your bladder, so you have an initial period of time where you don't have to pee. However, once you *do* start having to pee, each subsequent drink reaches your bladder at the same speed you were consuming them (that is, quickly). The net result is suddenly having to pee extremely often, when just before you were fine. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
99eie6
|
what is so hard about calculus?
|
I keep hearing about it. I don't want an in depth explanation of how it works, that can be Googled. But what is it that makes it so confusing and hard (so I hear)? Or is it just boring? Idk I just hear a lot of people complain about it.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/99eie6/eli5_what_is_so_hard_about_calculus/
|
{
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"text": [
"It's not that calculus is hard and confusing in itself, but rather that calculus builds on a foundation of the math that you learn before it, like algebra, trigonometry, functional analysis, etc. So if you don't completely understand the foundations, you will have a hard time understanding calculus.",
"What the other guy said, but also it's a lot more conceptual. Like do you know why A^2 + B^2 = C^2 ? Probably not, most people don't know why that works you just memorized the equation, for you to do well at calculus you have to understand why things work as there is not set single equation to solve it. It's take many different ideas and concepts to put them together in the correct order to solve a problem. ",
"It depends on what you're doing. Things like taking a derivative are pretty easy, just follow some simple rules. Some people get hung up on the concept of a limit, overthinking what it means to take a variable to infinity, but these are fairly straightforward too once you get your head around it. The big bad part of calculus for most people is when you get to integrals. These rely a lot on having strong algebra and trig skills, so if you don't remember that stuff it makes doing the new stuff even harder. The problems are also not step-by-step. You're often using tricks to turn what looks unsolvable into something you know how to solve, and there's no playbook for it. You have to look at something and have a feeling for, \"oh I bet if I substitute that for some trig functions it'll work out.\"\n\nI think this is the sticking point for a lot of people. You learn in high school that you just follow some list of steps to solve a problem. It's often more like a puzzle. When you hit calculus and beyond, you have to engage problem solving skills and sometimes come at a problem from the side to get it to work out.",
"When you look at the math up to the point of Calculus, it's a relatively small number of simple concepts you need to master. Moreover, math up to the point of Calculus is about making complex principle simpler.\n\nOnce you hit Calculus, the basic concepts are still fairly easy. But getting the results of those basic concepts tends to involve processes that you can't just keep in your head.\n\nMoreover, a lot of Calculus involves making the problem more complex so you can put it in terms where you can solve it. This is 'backwards' from all the math you've done up to that point - which steadily reduces complexity.\n\nHowever, I think the real reason people say Calculus is hard is because it's the math where they're no longer required to take math. So it ends up being perpetually beyond-the-horizon for them.",
"Calculus is easy. The algebra required to do calculus is hard.\n\nMost people escape their algebra classes with only a superficial understanding, enough to pass tests, which is soon forgotten.\n\nThen they get to higher math, like calculus, where it is assumed you have a strong conceptual grasp of algebra, and they get into trouble.\n\n\n\n",
"It's a bit of a saying among college professors: most students don't fail calculus. They fail algebra while in their calculus class.\n\nCalculus is the first math class that demands true mastery of algebra, especially the ability to work comfortably with abstract variables and functions instead of numbers.\n\nIt's a bit of a saying among students that \"I was good at math until they started putting letters in it\". These folks can often struggle through algebra class and make it out alive, but without the mastery needed to get through calculus.",
"Calculus tends to be the first time student is expected to think in a more abstract way about math. It's not really that it's so hard per se, but that it's usually the first example of a new, higher level of math students encounter. So it's mostly just a question of why curriculum is structured as it is. You totally could do this conceptual jump with another topic. I've seen logic, geometry and algebra being used for this as well, and students each time consider those courses exceptionally difficult."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
1dtyad
|
the embargo act of 1807
|
I need a lot of help. I really don't understand the Embargo act of 1807 and how it effected the us, France, and Britain. Any info would be welcome.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1dtyad/eli5_the_embargo_act_of_1807/
|
{
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"text": [
"Thomas Jefferson was President and Britain was doing two things he was unhappy with. They were impressing American sailors (forcing them into service in the British Navy) and had blockaded the major French ports (because Napoleon.) Because Britain bought a lot of goods from U.S it was intended to force Britain to stop both these practices.\n\nThis was not particularly well-thought out by Jefferson for a couple reasons. The first is that the U.S also bought a lot of goods from Britain. This interdependence came from colonial economic practices which had remained post-Revolution. The U.S fell into a slight recession and the embargo also served to increase manufacturing (which Thomas Jefferson did not want for the U.S.)\n\nIn the end it didn't affect Britain too much. They stopped neither their impressment nor blockade and in general just a little too preoccupied with other things to care that we weren't selling them anything. And the embargo was rescinded pretty quickly. These issues eventually led to the War of 1812."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
1jylqi
|
how does the rotation of the gears in a manual transmission stay perfectly synced with the clutch? how do the gears not grind every time you shift?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1jylqi/eli5how_does_the_rotation_of_the_gears_in_a/
|
{
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],
"text": [
"In early transmissions they weren't synched, so you had to manipulate the speed of the engine to match the speed of the transmission when you shifted. In modern synched transmissions a \"synchromesh\" system is used to disengage the actual transmission gear from the transmissions output shaft when you shift, allowing it to move freely and match up with the engines speed. Then using friction it brings the gear's rotation back into synch with the transmission shaft and only once everything is rotating at the same speed will everything lock into place. [Here](_URL_0_) is a picture.",
"big trucks still don't have synchromesh",
"Please watch this [youtube video](_URL_1_). It clearly and visually explains what you want to know down to a tee. I don't know how much you already know about transmissions, so you may have to skip around a bit to find what you really want. But the information you're looking for is in there!\n\nHere is [another video](_URL_0_). It is simpler, more concise, and covers more general topics (although it doesn't cover synchronizers as much as the first video.)",
"There are small synchronizer rings paired with every gear. they bring the gear up to speed in order to mesh with the input shaft. this being the reason that some transmissions will grind into certain gears over time, due to wear on the usually brass rings causing loose tolerances. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[
"http://www.carbibles.com/images/synchromesh.jpg"
],
[],
[
"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aFvj6RQOLtM&list=HL1375980690",
"http://youtu.be/MgmxydwmtTg"
],
[]
] |
||
42ipms
|
why is it mandatory to pay insurance for any motor vehicles, can't we just fine bad drivers and leave rest alone ?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/42ipms/eli5_why_is_it_mandatory_to_pay_insurance_for_any/
|
{
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"czan6it",
"czan9a4",
"czanb81",
"czang0g",
"czarl1i"
],
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9,
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2,
2
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"text": [
"because without insurance. how do we make sure the victims are compensated? fining someone is nice and all. but paying is entirely different story. ",
"The purpose of insurance is to be sure that if you do cause damage for which you are liable, the victim will be paid what he is due. Experience shows this is necessary because people often do not think they need insurance until they cause an accident, and are then unable to pay the victim restitution. You are not required to have any insurance that protects your own property, only for damage you cause.\n\nMoreover, in many states you don't even need to have insurance. You can post a bond, for example, or deposit money that will be paid out to victims or returned on your request.",
"Because even good drivers screw up now and then. With insurance wether it's you or another driver that's been so far flawless that screws up and totals your car you'll be covered. You aren't on the hook for tens of thousands of dollars in repairs and medical expenses in case it's your fault, and you aren't totally screwed if it's his and they're broke.",
"It's because cars take a lot to fix. Money and labor. Insurance makes sure that the repairs can be paid for without you, the driver, getting shafted with a bill that you can't pay. Most people don't carry a lot of money in their bank accounts and some don't even have enough to cover a small body repair. Car insurance was made a requirement because of bad drivers not paying for repairs. On the other side of things this means that even when you, the good driver, has a wreck, your rates go up whether it was your fault or not. Also, how are we defining \"good drivers\" and who are we letting define \"good drivers\"? Is it just people who don't have many wrecks or people who obey all traffic laws? Because if its the latter then maybe three people would qualify to be called \" good drivers\". Further, how tight is the definition? Does driving five miles an hour over lose you the title? How about one? One half? ",
"it's mandatory to have liability insurance. it isn't mandatory to have collission and comprehensive insurance. \n\nbecause in an instant, you could be responsible for a $100,000 car wreck and a $300,000 hospital bill. we need to make sure the victims of the carwreck you instigated are able to be paid"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
2w5gnz
|
whats the difference between an alligator and a crocodile?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2w5gnz/eli5whats_the_difference_between_an_alligator_and/
|
{
"a_id": [
"conr4f5",
"conr6e1",
"conr90y"
],
"score": [
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2,
2
],
"text": [
"The snout and location. Alligators are found in areas like Florida, while crocs are found in Africa. It helps to remember by saying, \"Nile crocodile.\" (The Nile being a river in Africa). Alligators have wide noses, while crocs have thin, pointy peckers.",
"- Head shape\n\n- Teeth (placement and size)\n\n- Salt glands in crocodiles\n\n- Location, size, and types of sensory organs\n\n- Behavior\n\nfor more specific info:\n_URL_0_",
"There are many differences, but one of the main ones is the shape of the jaw. Alligators have a U shaped snout, while crocodiles have a longer, pointy, snout. Crocodiles are also more aggressive, and better adapted to sea water than alligators. Alligators are darker, less aggressive, and they favor fresh water."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[
"http://www.crocodilian.com/cnhc/cbd-faq-q1.htm"
],
[]
] |
||
uru6b
|
why does my hearing sometimes falter and get replaced by a low buzzing sound that lasts for around 30 seconds?
|
Hope its not something that only I encounter...
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/uru6b/eli5_why_does_my_hearing_sometimes_falter_and_get/
|
{
"a_id": [
"c4y0zqu"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"THESE BITCHES ARE STEALING MY SOUL."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
3i6pp6
|
why are cats generally so much more unaffectionate than dogs?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3i6pp6/eli5_why_are_cats_generally_so_much_more/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cudr8lc",
"cueucq5"
],
"score": [
3,
2
],
"text": [
"Dogs are pack animals. They need a strong family unit, and therefore like to stay with their pack as much as possible. Any abscence might be forever, so a return, even from the store, is exciting. \n\nCats aren't pack animals. They like having a family, sure, but they don't *need* them in the way dogs do.",
"Cats can be very affectionate, but the fact is that they're not dogs.\n\nMight as well ask why parrots don't behave the same as dogs on that one really, but that aside, cats just don't have the same tight pack formation instincts that dogs have.\n\nThey're social creatures in rather different ways.\n\nAnd yet, when my wife is gone too long, her kitty will cry and pace and get demonstrably worried and upset.\n\nAnd then when my wife gets home, all is well. The cat doesn't flip out with joy like a dog might, but it does resume it's usual behavior.\n\nAs someone that loves both cats and dogs, I'd say that you really have to spend time with both to feel out how different they are, because it's rubbish to think that cats just don't care.\n\nThey just show it in different ways and, no, aren't typically as aggressively affectionate as dogs often are.\n\nPeople that crave the sort of worshipful affection dogs are celebrated for should definitely get dogs. Cats aren't typically like that.\n\nI like my cats because, frankly, they're -not- aggressively affectionate... And usually do their own thing just as happily as I do mine.\n\nMy wife, our kitties and I often sit on and around our big couch most evenings to watch a few shows following dinner. My wife's kitty will almost always come snuggle her in our bed at about 3am, and purr and purr and then wander away after about fifteen minutes.\n\nMy kitty loves to fall asleep hugging one of my feet wherever I happen to be, if I'm there long enough and not fidgeting.\n\nAll three of our kitties have personalities just as marked as any dog I've ever had. They just speak a different language and have rather different social instincts.\n\nLast dog we had was a wily little comedian. Gregarious and a shameless liar; a master of looking innocent whenever he knew he'd done a bad thing. He'd often do things only he could do, then tattle by leading my wife or I to (usually) the knocked over garbage and, as far as we could tell, trying to blame the cats.\n\nHe was just clever enough to plot these rudimentary schemes, but not quite clever enough to realize that we knew exactly who did and didn't get into the garbage.\n\nI miss that little cartoon. \n\nThe cats missed him too, when he died. They looked around for him in his usual hiding spots for weeks after we had to have him put down, and seemed very agitated.\n\nThings weren't right. They were extra snuggly in the weeks after that. My wife and I figure it was just as much them being agitated about change, which cats tend to hate, and being able to n tell that we were sad.\n\nI don't think the cats were sad, though I've seen sad kitties before.\n\nThey care too. Just differently."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
||
4s0ghq
|
how do fishermen use a rod and reel to catch fish that weigh hundreds of pounds?
|
I remember being told by a sport fisherman that the biggest fish he ever caught was 400LB halibut. I've always wondered how people go about doing that.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4s0ghq/eli5how_do_fishermen_use_a_rod_and_reel_to_catch/
|
{
"a_id": [
"d55jonr"
],
"score": [
19
],
"text": [
"Every object gets a buoyancy force equal to the weight of the liquid it displaces. This is how a heavy steel boat is floating on top of the water. You might have experienced this when playing with big rocks in the water as well. A rock that can easily be carried under water suddenly becomes much heavier on land. A fish is perfectly balanced and will weigh nothing when it is in the water. The fisherman does not have to worry about the weight of the fish until he have to get it from the surface of the water and into the boat.\n\nHowever the fish is strong and may be stronger then the reel. A skilled fisherman will let out reel when the fish is swimming away to not break his equipment. After a while the fish will get tired from the tug of war and the fisherman can pull him close."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
3n3n2n
|
why is it so uncomfortable to keep my eyes open in a pitch black room?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3n3n2n/eli5_why_is_it_so_uncomfortable_to_keep_my_eyes/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cvkghqi"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"Are you trying not to blink? Cause you need to blink to keep your eyes from drying out."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
573052
|
what would be the next most profitable planet/celestial body to colonize next after mars, and why?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/573052/eli5_what_would_be_the_next_most_profitable/
|
{
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"text": [
"Mars is the only one that remotely makes sense.\n\nSurface temperatures on Mercury swing from -270F to 800F over the course of a day and you're constantly bombarded with solar radiation. Venus is right out because the *average* surface temperatures is 864F due to the greenhouse effect. Surviving on either planet's virtually impossible.\n\nJupiter, Saturn, Neptune & Uranus are all gas giants. They have no surface to build on & massive atmospheric pressures would crush any attempted settlement.\n\nPluto (not a planet anymore) is a remote & frozen rock.\n\nAll that's left are some of the moons or the asteroid belt.",
"Honestly, I'd think Earth's moon. Use it as a launching station for other ships/satellites. Launching multiple long range ships from the moon would be much easier and cost effective in the long run. No atmosphere and little gravity makes for less energy to launch and less chance of failure. \n\nBecoming the main hub for space exploration and colonization, whoever is in charge would stand to make a huge profit. \n\nThat's how I see it, anyway. \n\n\nNot an astronomer or anything of the like, just going off what I've learned from various documentaries and articles. \n\nEdit: In addition, there are apparently large caves under the surface that could be used to enclose colonized areas and airlock an atmosphere in, that double as a shield from surface impacts.\n\nEdit 2: There is also a large amount of water in the moon, and mining it could produce a self sustaining environment as well as provide a relatively limitless supply of hydrogen fuel, making it an ideal launching station. ",
"It depends on what we want to do and what our technology is like.\n\nIn general, the best spots after Mars are:\n\n* **The Moon**. It's close. It has low gravity. It's pretty close to the sun and it has lots of metals on the surface. The moon would mostly be useful for large scale construction in Earth orbit, the lack of an atmosphere means you can use mass drivers to directly shoot construction materials into earth orbit. So if you need a few million tons of Aluminium to build that giant spacestation, the moon is your best friend. The downsides of the moon are a lack of volatiles. So you'll need to import your air, water and fuel from elsewhere. Another problem is that the night lasts 14 days, so you need to shut down most of your machines for half the time or you need to use nuclear energy as power source.\n\n* **The Asteroids**. This is my personal bet. Asteroids are easy to mine, relatively cheap to get to and they contain everything you need for a healthy colony. You can grab C type asteroids for your volatiles (fuel, water etc) or M type for metals. If you go for the Near Earth asteroids there's plenty of solar energy available. The lack of gravity is a double edged sword. Its really cheap to get mined stuff wherever it needs to go, but you'll need to house your colonists in rotating habitats to give them some artificial gravity. A good all round bet.\n\n* **Phobos and/or Deimos**. These are the moons of Mars. They're captured asteroids, so they have most of the same advantages and disadvantages of other asteroids. An extra benefit is that these orbit Mars, so they're extra cheap to get to from Mars. This means that a healthy colony on Mars can colonize these for very little effort. They can then be used as orbital fuel depots to open up the rest of the asteroid belt and the outer solar system\n\n* **Titan**. Titan is a moon around Saturn. It takes really long to get to (4 years or so), and sunlight is so weak that you're forced to use nuclear energy. But other than that Titan is a great place to build a base. Volatiles literally rain from the sky, it has a thick atmosphere to slow you down. It has a nice and low gravity to enable easy return trips. And it has lakes literally filled with rocket fuel. It's a great place to set up an advance base that is then used to explore the rest of the Saturn system. It should also have an amazing view of Saturn.\n\n* **The moons of Jupiter**. These are really interesting from a science PoV. But for a base they kinda suck. The innermost moons are smack dab in Jupiters radiation belts, so you'll die from radiation poisoning in a few days if you stay on the surface. They also don't have an atmosphere, so they're really expensive to land on. Maybe a small science outpost on one of the outer moons is doable. But other than that I doubt there will be a lot of activity in the Jupiter system for the foreseeable future.\n\nMy guess would be Asteroids to support the Mars base and to build infrastructure around the Earth. Probably in the form of fuel depots, but maybe even a small [orbital ring](_URL_0_) to drive down launch costs. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MQLDwY-LT_o&t=245"
]
] |
||
csermu
|
when you're sitting on the toilet, pushing, what is actually happening?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/csermu/eli5_when_youre_sitting_on_the_toilet_pushing/
|
{
"a_id": [
"exee7xs"
],
"score": [
16
],
"text": [
"The actual answer is that you are increasing the pressure inside your body by squeezing your abdominal muscles, while at the same time relaxing your anal sphincter to make it easier for that pressure to push feces out.\n\nThink of it as very similar to squeezing a tube of toothpaste to get the toothpaste out. First you have to take off the cap, which is basically the equivalent of relaxing your anal sphincter, then you have to squeeze, which is the equivalent of using your abdominal muscles to squeeze your bowel."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
26nmdw
|
why both paramedics from the fire department and private ambulances respond to an emergency.
|
I live in Los Angeles, and whenever I drive or walk past a emergency situation, there is usually a LAFD paramedic vehicle and a private ambulance at the scene.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/26nmdw/eli5why_both_paramedics_from_the_fire_department/
|
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"text": [
"The fire department will always respond to an emergency where EMS or other needs because often they are first on the scene. Sometimes it takes other ambulances longer to get there. ",
"Private ambulance companies can rarely staff enough ambulances and paramedics to fully protect an area, plus there are many medical situations that may require more manpower than just the usual EMT and Paramedic team in one ambulance. So, in almost all places firefighters are trained as Paramedics and all EMS calls are directed to fire departments for first response duties.\n\nPrivate ambulance companies are often relegated to the transportation of the victim while the firefighters do the heavy ALS paramedic work on-scene. This varies from place to place though.",
"Because every second may count. First in starts treatment. Also, most FD units aren't set up for transport. I imagine your city is the same.\n\nSource: me. Firefighter for over 20 years, EMT on ambulance for 6.",
"once upon a time ambulances were parked at the hospital whereas Fire stations were located in neighborhoods, after a certain number of fires where the patients died from their injuries while waiting for the medics to show up and firemen stood helpless, some went back and got medical degrees. and started stocking the firetruck with medical supplies, this idea spread to others and now when the ambulance is dispatched so is a firetruck since they can respond sooner and time is critical. and then hand off a stabilised patient to EMT's for transport to the hospital. \n\nand they take the truck with them so if they get dispatched to a fire mid medical rescue they don't have to go back for the truck.",
"So in order to answer your question the private ambulances are in contract with LA to provide transport and EMS services(which I think for LA is rural metro but I could be wrong). They in are in a way an extension of the LAFD's ambulances and paramedics, and they do the exact same thing treat and transport according to county protocols. When an alarm goes out, LA dispatch rings down what is needed for the call. So for example you have a car crash, and you have multiple victims LA dispatch sends two engines, a truck, a rescue, and two ambulances. Now not all of LAFD's stations have a paramedic rig meaning that it is most likely quicker to dispatch a private ambulance a long with LAFD's ambulance, but in the end dispatch sends who is the closest available. \n\nAlso an interesting piece of history in terms of the firefighter paramedic program. Los Angles was actually in a way the birth place of the firefighter paramedic program as we know today. Originally LA fire department did not have any ambulances or paramedics, all they had were ambulances for transport. In the 1970's they created a paramedic program. When LA fire first implemented firefighter paramedics all they had were the rescues which were staffed by firefighter paramedics who specialized in pre-hopsital care and were more capable then EMTs, and an assortment of drugs and medical devices. Another interesting fact is at the time in order to give any drug the firefighter paramedics had to call into the hospital and get permission from a doctor. This was later replaced by paramedic protocols which are done by I think a county doctor or doctors that are written instructions that are given. These instructions go along the lines of follow blank guidelines for blank injury. For example my county states for adult cardiac arrest it says \"CPR per current AHA (American heart association) guidelines.\" If you are interested you can look these up on line as they are available for free to the public. Further more a good 1970's TV show about LA's paramedics is called emergency, most of the episodes are available for free now.\n\nHere is a link to my counties paramedic protocols.\n_URL_0_"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[
"http://www.sccgov.org/sites/ems/Pages/BLSALS-Protocol-Field-Manual.aspx"
]
] |
|
6hlt1j
|
if crypto currency mining is so profitable, why aren't more people doing it?
|
I am trying to learn a lot about the crypto currencies out there and I would love to get more involved in it.
I am hesitant though. I have always believed that if something sounds too good to be true, then most likely it is.
This is where I get stuck with mining.
Most coin miners seem to provide a a gauranteed pay off, usually within 3 months. From there on out you are in almost pure profit.
Then there are the cloud mining companies, that without any of the hassles of running your own rig, they do it for you and you share in the profits. This is basically free money (albeit at a risk). Why are people not choosing this over keeping their money in a bank that gives them 1% profit instead of potential 10% ROI in one of these cloud miners?
If this is the case, how come more people aren't doing this? Can someone please ELI5 what the risk / reward is here becuase I'm mostly getting my information from websites that are trying to sell me something.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6hlt1j/eli5_if_crypto_currency_mining_is_so_profitable/
|
{
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"text": [
"It's not profitable at all. The time for that is largely passed. The only profitable mining operations are large scale where people can take advantage of economics of scale stuff. You wont make more in bitcoin than you pay in electricity with even a damn good home rig. And bitcoin is TREMENDOUSLY over inflated. Let's not forget it just lost a significant amount of its value. Now I'm not saying it's a BAD currency, but you are correct; too good to be true IS too good to be true. It's not a magic money making machine. Not anymore, at least.",
"Crypto currency mining is the act of using computer hardware to turn electricity into crypto. If you play with any crypto mining calculator - random example below - you will see that it is profitable with very cheap electric power and a money loser with average or expensive electric power.\n\nYes yes newer hardware makes more crypto per unit of electricity, but how long that hardware is profitable is still all about electricity costs.\n\nEven if you live in a low-cost electricity area you still face stiff competition from people who flat-out got someone else to pay for their electricity, which is why mining is banned on most college campuses and why you need a strong password on your logins that can purchase cloud computing.\n\nYes yes scale is important, free electricity from mommy and daddy has been mostly replaced with stolen power on the same scale as is stolen for hydroponic pot grow lamps, but electricity cost is still the magic knob at any scale.\n\n_URL_0_"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[
"https://www.cryptocompare.com/mining/calculator/btc?HashingPower=4730&HashingUnit=GH%2Fs&PowerConsumption=1293&CostPerkWh=0.12"
]
] |
|
1qlryo
|
how can someone have a higher ping than me and also a higher download speed?
|
I get 10.72 Mb/s down and 22 ping, whereas my friend gets 29.56Mb/s down and 47 ping. Surly a higher ping means data gets to and from the server slower?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1qlryo/eli5how_can_someone_have_a_higher_ping_than_me/
|
{
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2,
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2
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"text": [
"No. ping is like distance, download rate is like speed. The two are totally unconnected. Walking vs being in a plane is unrelated to how far you need to go.\n\n",
"Imagine this as a hosepipe.\n\nPing - The distance from the tap to the nozzle.\n\nDownload speed - How wide the hose is.\n\nObviously the distance and width are not related. It doesn't matter how far away the nozzle is from the hosepipe, if it is very wide you well get a very large flow (higher download speed).",
"Ping is how fast it takes from point A to point B. Download speed is how much stuff gets taken from A to B. So you could be driving a Ferrari and your friend a truck. You may have gotten to your destination faster, but he brought a bunch more stuff with him. ",
"Ping is how fast you get your information.\n\nDownload speed is how much information you get. It's size / second.\n\nFor example, if I have a truck filled with terabyte harddrives, that could be several petabytes of information. If I have 3 petabytes of data and I drive from my house to yours and it takes two hours, that's 3 petabytes / 7200 seconds, or 416.7 GB per second, while the ping is 2 hours.",
"If you have a pen pal living next door and one thousands of miles away, the one that's far away could still send you a package the size of a ship container (even though it takes way longer) while your neighbour only drops a post-it note in your mailbox"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
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|
2oll8q
|
how are capital cities chosen for a state/province/country?
|
I was just curious as to how capital cities are generally chosen. Are they voted for, or does the government decide? Can they change?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2oll8q/eli5_how_are_capital_cities_chosen_for_a/
|
{
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2
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"text": [
"I can only speak to the US. Originally, the capital of the US was New York City. This angered the agrarian types since New York was the business center of the country. Thomas Jefferson in particular didn't like New York as the capital.\n\nSo one day Alexander Hamilton, the secretary of the treasury approached George Washington about paying off the country's debts from the Revolutionary War. Washington told him to talk to Jefferson, the secretary of state. Jefferson proffered that he'd help Hamilton if Hamilton agreed to move the capital to somewhere near Virginia. Hamilton agreed and now the capital is Washington, DC.",
"Generally the legislature decides, and when they do, it's generally based on geography. And yes, the absolutely can change, it's just not as common nowadays.\n\n For example, I'll take you through the history of Georgia's capitals (since I live here).\n\n Savannah, on the coast, was the first city established in Georgia, and it was the de facto \"capital\" during the time when we were still a colony (since we were technically governed by England, but the royal governor sat in Savannah). When we became a state, Savannah was named the state capital mostly because it always had been.\n\n As the state expanded, the population started shifting west and so Augusta, a little further up and west, was chosen as the next capital partially because it was nearer to the new center of the population and partially because it had served as a rotating capital with Savannah whenever the British were constantly laying siege to it during the Revolution. Augusta was the capital for a little bit before they moved it to Louisville, which didn't amount to much.\n\n In 1802, governor John Milledge sent out a party to find the new geographic center of the state and there they would establish the new capital. The surveyors found a natural spring bubbling up close enough to the center, and so decided to establish Milledgeville as the new capital (and eventually my home town :D). Milledgeville served as capital through the Civil War, until 1868. During Reconstruction, the military governor of Georgia ordered new delegates to meet in Atlanta.\n\n Atlanta became the official capital for a few reasons. First, it was a rebirth from being burned down by General Sherman (even open-minded, progressive liberals in Georgia gag at the mention of his name), and it gave Georgia a new start away from its Confederate capital. Also, Milledgeville is surrounded by hills, which made it hard as hell for trains to get in. Atlanta, on the other hand, is relatively flat and actually began life as a train hub called Terminus. It also was a bigger, more modern city on the rise. So the decision was pretty easy to make, and Atlanta's served as capital of the state ever since.\n\n TL;DR: It's the legislature deciding where to put the capital, and they can change relatively simply. They just don't tend to anymore.",
"There's a whole load of explanations for why a city ends up being the capital of a country. It's not necessarily because it was explicitly chosen.\n\nFor example the Roman empire started out as a the city state of Rome. So naturally Rome was the capital of the empire. And when Italy finally unified again in the 19th Century, it made sense to make Rome the capital again.\n\nA lot of old countries don't have a process for choosing a capital city, because it has \"always\" been where it is. But in theory if they did want to move the main political institutions to another city the country's government could choose to do so."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
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] |
|
3t5bkn
|
can anonymous really do anything about global terrorism?
|
I understand that they are really good at disabling communications, like the twitter blocking strategy. But in the long term, do they actually have a plan, or do anything to combat terrorism?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3t5bkn/eli5can_anonymous_really_do_anything_about_global/
|
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"As investigators, yes.\n\nTo disrupt ISIS, whose main recruiting strategy seems to be using videos and various private chat conversations - yeah, probably. ",
"Probably more likely to get inside and discover weaknesses than state sponsored white hats.",
"Not really, no. Like people have said, you can weaken them, you can take out leaders, find the root cause etc, however, whatever action you take, these groups will still exist, leaders will be replaced and they'll continue to do what they want as a REACTION to what we (as a nation) have done to them. It's a cycle of revenge, and it will continue until someone stops and actually tries a different approach, other than pointlessly bombing cities (including civilians), which further fuels more terrorism.",
"Yes and no. They can disrupt ISIS's social network recruiting programs, but what does that really achieve? There might be a slight decrease in recruitment, but I think its pretty naive to believe that a twitter post is the deciding factor when someone joins up. The (unlikely) downside is that since Anonymous is operating independently of government intelligence agencies, they could unknowingly disrupt legitimate intelligence gathering. Eg shutting down an account that is broadcasting locations or other sensitive information that is being monitored by intelligence agencies. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
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] |
|
3zqv61
|
why is japan's debt larger than russia's, china's, and germany's combined?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3zqv61/eli5_why_is_japans_debt_larger_than_russias/
|
{
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"Basically, the economy has grown very slowly since the early 90's and its population is very old, leading to high public spending on social programs for the elderly (with, at the same time, declining tax receipts). China hasn't felt the crimp on government budgets from its population aging yet. Russia has an export oriented economy where the state controlled oil industry brings in lots of revenue for the government. Germany has grown massively since reunification and doesn't have quite as extreme of a demographic problem as Japan.",
"The Japanese have been fighting a deflation-driven recession since the early 90s. What that means is that people spend less money, the economy shrinks, and people get laid off. This makes people fearful, so they spend even less money, and the economy shrinks more, and more people get laid off. It's a viscous circle. \n\nWe know the best way to break out of that circle is for the government to step in and jump start the economy by: (1) spending lots and lots of money, and (2) loaning money out to anyone who wants it. The government keeps spending and spending until the economy gets health again. This takes some will power, because there's a strong temptation to take the foot off the gas too early. \n\nThe problem is that the Japanese keep doing it wrong. They spend some money, not enough to jump start the economy. So they end up with the worst possible outcome - huge debts *and* an economy that won't get better. And then they try it again and fail for the same reason. And then again, and again, and again. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
||
1cci94
|
faults and merits of fixed money supply
|
Sorry if this topic seems old, but I have seen lots of discussion about different types of monetary systems lately, and I would like to understand this better.
Let me briefly establish some starting points for analyzing a monetary system where the **amount of money is constant**:
1. Economic **growth** means **deflation**: Growth in an economy where money supply is constant means that there is more stuff moving around per one unit of currency than there used to be so one unit of currency corresponds to more stuff than it used to (assuming the velocity of money remains relatively constant). This is the definition of deflation.
2. Economic **recession** means **inflation**: Shrinking of an economy where money supply is constant means that there is less stuff moving around per one unit of currency than there used to be so one unit of currency corresponds to less stuff than it used to (assuming the velocity of money remains constant). This is the definition of inflation.
3. The natural pressure towards economic growth (e.g. technological progress) would mean a relatively constant deflation in such an economy. The rate of deflation would be roughly equal to the rate of GDP growth (relatively mild in western economies).
I have heard arguments that deflation would slow down the economy, but wouldn't the deflation turn to inflation the very moment that the economy starts to shrink (2.) and wouldn't this encourage people to start spending more and therefore cause the economy to speed up again? This built-in negative feedback seems to me like a recipe for stability, a desirable feature in a monetary system.
I would greatly appreciate if someone could explain explain it to me what would be good and bad in such a monetary system? Why do people seem to think it wouldn't work? (Are there some mistakes in my analysis?)
Thanks a lot!
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1cci94/eli5_faults_and_merits_of_fixed_money_supply/
|
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"Such a system seems extremely constrained to me. If there is a finite amount of money in the system, there would be an incentive to hoard your cash to corner the market in money and squeeze the value of money higher. There would be no money creation in the form of mortgages and new bank lending, since this is a means of putting more money into the system. \n\nIn short, i think that a growing economy needs a growing money supply. And maybe this is a fault in your analysis: in your intro you say the **amount** of money is constant. But then in points 1 & 2 you talk about **velocity** of money. As the economy gets bigger, the amount of money needs to get bigger for the velocity to remain constant.\n\n(Forgive me if I misunderstood you)"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
44b81u
|
if people keep dying and we keep burying them, won't we run out of land eventually?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/44b81u/eli5_if_people_keep_dying_and_we_keep_burying/
|
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"There is a lot of land.\n\nIf we do not use caskets you will not know someone was buried there before after a few centuries.\n\nWe can always switch to cremation.",
"Well, if you put every body in a grave, and you mark every gravesite in perpetuity, sure. But we don't. In places where land is tight, there are a number of strategies, from 'temporary occupancy' to cremations, to grave sharing. Additionally, at least historically, older graveyards have been lost and forgotten. The burials themselves don't last forever, even the bodies and headstones are eventually removed by nature, although they leave traces of their passing for a long time.",
"The land area of Earth is roughly 150,000,000 km2. That's 150trillion square meters. Assuming each person takes up two square meters and no plots are reused, that's 75 trillion people.\n\nWe're a long way short of running out of space. And even then, not everyone is buried, and many burials aren't permanent.\n\nSo - no, it ain't going to happen.",
"In the netherlands your body will be removed after 10 years except when your family pays more money",
"eventually...\n\nfigure a 4x10' plot, double depth (where 2 caskets are buried stacked on each other). \n\n55million people die each year. if ALL of them are buried, thats 25,000 acres.\n\nFor reference there are 172million acres in texas. Which means that globally, we would have a texas sized graveyard in about 7000 years.\n\nIn reality, a good chunk of people are cremated. and birth/death rates may vary. but we got some time.",
"More or less answered [14 hours ago](_URL_0_)...\n",
"Get ready for some quick math:\nAccording to this link, \n_URL_1_\nThe most conservative estimate for the surface area of dry earth on our planet is 148,000,000 Km^2. \nAccording to this link,\n_URL_0_\nThe average man's average area (neglecting depth) is .395m wide and is 1.740m high. This, making a conservative rectangular measurement equals .6873m^2. 1.48x10^11 m^2 divided by .6873m^2 equals 2.15x10^11.\nThis means if we used every bit of dry land to bury people and buried them right next to each other, we might be able to fit 215,000,000,000 people in there. It that runs out we could do cremation or burial at sea.",
"No one yet mentioned that we often just dig up old graveyards are pile the remains somewhere else.\n\n_URL_0_",
"The law in michigan, last I looked, was that a cemetery had to be kept for 200 years beyond the last burial before it can be re-purposed. I'm not sure on what you can do with the remains after that. "
]
}
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[] |
[] |
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[],
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[],
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[],
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/448gun/eli5_how_many_people_on_earth_need_to_be_buried/"
],
[
"http://www.firstinarchitecture.co.uk/average-male-and-female-dimensions/",
"http://hypertextbook.com/facts/2001/DanielChen.shtml"
],
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catacombs_of_Paris"
],
[]
] |
||
342okh
|
why do we still have "romeo & juliet" as required reading in high schools?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/342okh/eli5_why_do_we_still_have_romeo_juliet_as/
|
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"In my opinion, because the powers-that-be have decided that Shakespeare is a must - read for all students and won't change their minds. I feel that, while Shakespeare is certainly a fascinating look into linguistics and everyday lives several centuries ago, it isn't too practical (or even readable) now.",
"There's no law mandating Romeo and Juliet be taught in high school. It's just an easy and popular choice amongst teachers. ",
"1) Because it's a classic\n\n2) Because all the educational material to analyse it already exists. After all, people have been reading this book in schools for the last 100 years.",
"There's no law mandating it.\n\nIt's just a classic story with easy to relate themes for a bunch of hormone driven teens.\n\nThe other commonly taught Shakespearean stories also have themes that teenagers can relate to such as love, loyalty, honour, vengeance and hate.",
"A few reasons:\n\n1. It's a classic story that's referenced in countless other works of literature. Knowing \"a rose by any other name\" and \"a plague on both your houses\" will help your understanding of dozens of other works.\n\n2. It's one of Shakespeare's more accessible works. Hamlet's pretty dense, King Lear is complex, most of the histories (Henry IV-VIII, Richard III, etc) need some historical background, Macbeth is violent and dark, etc. Romeo and Juliet tells a simple story in pretty readable verse.\n\n3. Teenagers can relate to it. It's the story of two kids rebelling against their parents and everything they know, because they're crazy about each other... but it doesn't work out too well. Teenage students can relate to those ideas, which helps draw them in.",
"As others on Reddit have said, Shakespeare is required reading because he is commonly regarded as the greatest writer in the history of the English language. \n\nBy our modern standards, his works may contain trite story lines or plot twists, but we forget that those _were not trite when he wrote them._ They were new and revolutionary ways of storytelling and became trite because every other writer afterwards copied Shakespeare's techniques and devices. It would be like asking why we still car about the Ford Model T in the modern age; its because its the prototype that literally invented the genre. Beyond the stories themselves, he coined many new English words and showed a style of writing that appealed to both the high and low brow simultaneously. His stories are read because they are examples of the greatest creations in the history of our language.\n\nNow, as for why Romeo & Juliet specifically, it is most likely because of all of Shakespeare's works, it is probably the most relateable for high school students. Concepts like agonizing over revenge (Hamlet) or the merits of loyalty (Othello) are more adult concepts while forbidden love (R & J) is something that high school student are probably dealing with at that moment. When you are trying to get kids interested in literature, you take the easy win of a relateable plot line when you can."
]
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|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
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[],
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||
282nsm
|
why and how did humans develop sarcasm?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/282nsm/eli5_why_and_how_did_humans_develop_sarcasm/
|
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"Probably a side effect of us wanting to be assholes but not directly. It's an effective way of insulting someone with a smile :)",
"I assume to maintain good relationships amongst the group. Being social creatures we don't want to outright be fighting, so we find sneakier tactics. Kind of similar to the monkeys they found whispering about the staff at a zoo; _URL_0_\nIt maintains the status quo and peace but also relieves the stress of whatever upsets you about the person/group/etc.",
"Sarcasm is a sort of a \"code\" language that allows you to speak of something that could otherwise get you killed. \nSarcasm has been used throughout history, worlwide, to criticize goverments, for example, in places where doing it directly could get you jailed or executed."
]
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|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
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"http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/first-example-of-whispering-observed-in-nonhuman-primates-8836601.html"
],
[]
] |
||
1k49nf
|
why do software manufacturers go through the time and expense of creating and coding complicated drm when a crack for every common piece of software i can think of is just a few clicks away from any remotely industrious would-be pirate?
|
I'm not trying to make a point for or against DRM or software piracy, it just seems to me that a lot of man-hours *must* go into fighting what software companies *must* know to be a losing battle. While I'm sure that having SOME barrier to piracy will deter a significant number of the least interested would-be thieves, why go through any further effort?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1k49nf/why_do_software_manufacturers_go_through_the_time/
|
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"There are various reasons, I am not saying I am condoning them, but from a software manufactures point of view its all about protecting their investment and keeping the value in their product.\n\nLets say that EA released their next big blockbuster with no DRM. It would be on the torrent sites within an hour of release (probably several weeks before!) and the shareholders would be looking at million of downloaded copies and would be saying WTF why are you letting this happen. Investors would pull out becasue of the perception of the product not having any value. Therefore, they put DRM into their products to keep the perception that the product has value.... even though the cracks etc are innevitable, they know that they can tell their investors that they are trying, and that 1m illegal downloads would be 10m illegal downloads without it. This keeps the generally uneducated investors happy.\n\nAnother key reason is controll. Like it or not, the world is moving towards a DLC and Pay-Per-Click type model and a robust and proven way of deploying these is with DRM controlling who has what.\n\nAlso, dont forget that whilst you and I can go and get a crack, a lot of people simply have no idea. Not everyone has a sufficient level of IT skills - many people who try to download cracks end up going to the wrong places and getting malware and viruses etc and think its way harder than it actually is. The fact that DRM stops Joe Average stopping a hack is often justification enough in the manufactueres eyes.\n\nAlso, final point.... the harsh reality is that why wouldn't they do it? Everyone whines that they hate EA and blah blah and OMG DRM is bad and blah blah, and then the entire world goes out and buys Battlefield. Fact it, as much as people whine about it, they are not voting with their wallets so the manufactures will keep doing it.\n",
"Same reason you lock your front door even though anyone with a brick or a sledgehammer can break into your house.\n\nIf I catch someone in my house, they could claim it was a mistake, they thought it was their friend's house, sorry about that. But if they had to break a lock, there is no question about intent, they committed a crime to get in.\n\nSimilarly, if you are found with a cracked game, you can't say you bought the game and lost the disc, you clearly pirated it.",
"I really can't give you a *complete* answer, but there are a few important details in your question which should be addressed.\n\nOne thing many \"laymen\" don't understand about DRM and copy-protection schemes, especially those used in the software industry, is **reuse**. In mentioning \"time and expense\", remember that the huge majority of software copy-protection is performed with a common handful of commercial (and even FOSS) tools/schemes, which are simply applied to a company's (or developer's) software product; in short, it's very rare for a company, or even lone developer, to code *their own* DRM/protection, rather than simply licensing or using one of the many existing schemes (like SecuROM, for example). So, the \"time and expense\" to manufacturers is typically *much* less than you'd expect, as they're using existing tools (and code) for copy-protection, rather than writing it \"from scratch\" for every new product.\n\n Another important point is to look at the motivations behind piracy (and, conversely, DRM) as they apply to a *variety* of possible protection schemes; the choice is not so simple as \"copy-protection vs. nothing\", but rather, \"how much copy-protection.\" If you look at some of the very high-profile, expensive, industry-standard software products used by professionals (like [Pro Tools](_URL_1_)), you'll typically see **hardware-based DRM**, which is among the most expensive (for the manufacturer) and most secure (against the cracker/pirate). Likewise, in the world of gaming, you can make examples of [Diablo III or SimCity](_URL_0_) which employ a very secure internet-based DRM scheme. From these ostensibly \"unbreakable\" copy-protection methods down, there's an entire spectrum of possible schemes and methods, down to pre-installation serial number checking (which is perhaps the simplest and weakest scheme short of no protection at all). The amount of effort, and money, sunk into copy-protection for a specific product is highly variable, and driven (primarily) by the manufacturer's expected losses due to piracy compared to the \"cost\" of implementing DRM--and it's important to consider \"cost\" to include the possible threat of pissing-off loyal buyers with intrusive DRM schemes. You can bet that the AAA game developers and manufactures of \"industry standard\" software products spend a *fortune* on market analysis, PR, and research to optimize the **value** of their copy-protection, even if this means settling for a weaker scheme (like serials) and accepting that some X% of potential buyers will pirate the software instead.\n\n"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
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"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Always-on_DRM",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pro_Tools"
]
] |
|
294lu5
|
why is peroxide poisonous?
|
From my understanding, it's basically water with an extra oxygen atom. What does it do to us?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/294lu5/eli5_why_is_peroxide_poisonous/
|
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"1) Peroxides are a class of molecules. R-O-O-R. \n\nHydrogen peroxide, H-O-O-H, just happens to be a simple and common household product.\n\n2) Peroxides form free radicals, which are highly reactive, and can cause chain reactions, leading to all sorts of broken and damaged molecules in your cells, which may then induce cell death. \n\nFree radicals are not \"liberated extra oxygen atoms\". ",
"It's not \"just an extra oxygen atom\", it's a completely different chemical with completely different properties. Looking at chemical compounds as the sum of their component atoms won't get you anywhere - alcohol is \"just two methanes smashed together with an extra oxygen thrown in the mix\"."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
|
2ikiyg
|
what exactly happened (legally) that caused 18 states to recently legalize gay marriage, and why does this not apply to other states where gay marriage is not legal?
|
I know a decision by the supreme court had some impact on states' legislation, but how are other states (like Texas) still imposing gay marriage bans?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2ikiyg/eli5what_exactly_happened_legally_that_caused_18/
|
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"What the Supreme Court actually did was decline to hear appeals of decisions supporting same-sex marriage. This means that the lower-court decisions stand. So in areas where those lower courts have jurisdiction, same-sex marriage is now legal by default. Other states are in other jurisdictions, and aren't affected by the same cases and appeals.",
"First, a little background on courts. There are federal courts and state courts. State courts usually hear cases on any law, federal or state. Federal courts can only hear cases involving federal laws (with some exceptions not worth mentioning now). There are three levels of federal courts: district courts, circuit courts (or courts of appeal), and the Supreme Court. District courts are where almost all cases start. There are 13 circuit courts where appeals from District court cases are heard. 11 of these are geographical in nature and cover a few states. For example, the 5th Circuit includes Texas, Mississippi, and Alabama. The 9th covers California, Nevada, Arizona, Alaska, Hawaii, Oregon, Washington, Idaho, and Montana (it's a big one). There are two other circuit courts with slightly more specialized functions I won't go into here. When a higher level court makes a decision, it's binding on the courts below it in its territory. \n\nNow for gay marriage. These states passed laws banning gay marriage. People who couldn't marry because of those laws sued in federal court claiming the bans violated the Equal Protection Clause of the United States Constitution. If a federal court finds that a law is unconstitutional, the entity that passed the law can no longer enforce it. Some of these people were successful. However, while the district courts found that gay marriage bans violated the Constitution they also said that the states could continue enforcing the ban while they appealed the decision. They did this because they did not want people to get married only to have the marriages undone in a year due to losing in an appeal.\n\nSome appellate courts (the 10th and 4th circuit ones) approved the district court decisions and agreed that banning gay marriage is unconstitutional. They too, however, put a hold on their decisions until the Supreme Court could hear the cases. The Supreme Court just declined to hear the cases, so now the appellate court decisions can come into effect, essentially banning bans on gay marriage.\n\nSome states with gay marriage bans that weren't challenged directly, like Kansas, will likely have their bans overturned soon as well because they are within the 10th circuit's jurisdiction. The ban isn't automatically undone because the specific Kansas law wasn't challenged (the Utah law is what the 10th circuit decided on), but since the reasoning is 99.9% the same since the law is basically the same, a quick challenge should undo it.\n\nIn states like Texas, a district court has decided that the ban is unconstitutional, but it also stayed enforcement of its decision pending appeal and the appeal has not concluded yet so gay people cannot get married yet. In some states, district courts decided the ban was constitutional, so those decisions will have to be appealed before people can get married. If circuit courts end up disagreeing with each other, the Supreme Court will very likely step in."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
|
1rha31
|
are pens pressurized to eject liquid, or is done via gravity or capillary action or...?
|
for example, like ball-point pens like BIC pens or even Gel pens. thank you!
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1rha31/eli5_are_pens_pressurized_to_eject_liquid_or_is/
|
{
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"text": [
"Explain to me like I'm a 5 year old that knows what capillary action is.\n\nSeriously though, this is something I'm curious about. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
2lkinw
|
what is the difference between 500 thread count bed-sheets and 1200 thread count? does "egyptian cotton" make a real difference, as well?
|
I've been shopping for some new bedding lately, and (especially online) see several sheet sets with varying thread-counts. The lower-end seem to be around 50 thread count, while higher-end I've seen up to 1200 thread count.
What exactly does this mean? Is there a real difference between 500 and 120" thread count? What about Egyptian Cotton sheet, are these of higher quality?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2lkinw/eli5_what_is_the_difference_between_500_thread/
|
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],
"text": [
"Thread count is actually the *second* most important thing, after the quality of the cotton. You can get inexpensive high-thread-count sheets that are made of crappy cotton or synthetic fibers that feel like they're made of burlap\n\nWhat you want is a high thread count of *good* cotton. And those aren't cheap. If you pay less than about $100 (in the US, anyway), you're probably getting junk. And yeah, the good ones are worth the price.\n\n"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
1kxnk4
|
why is snowden still leaking? didn't he agree to stop in exchange for russian asylum?
|
[This article](_URL_0_) says he agreed to stop leaking. But now he keeps revealing more stuff, [like this.](_URL_1_) What's going on?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1kxnk4/eli5_why_is_snowden_still_leaking_didnt_he_agree/
|
{
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"text": [
"The second article didn't say he leaked it now though, just that the independent got it from the documents he leaked. He might have given them these documents sometime in the past but they are just now reporting them.",
"He said he wouldn't give the press anymore docs than he already did. Greenwald was given hundreds, if not thousands of documents. Going through them connecting old and new information and public statements from officials takes time, though I suspect GG is slow-playing to catch DC in even more lies. ",
"The amount of time that Greenwald takes to publish what he has is not up to Snowden. Snowden could well be done leaking everything at this time, but nobody really knows how much information Greenwald is still sifting through or who else either one of them has talked to. It wouldn't surprise me to know that Wikileaks has the full dossier and is holding it as insurance. I think this is teaching our media (well, the ones who want to be taught, anyway) how to properly publicize information: take your time, give the bastards enough rope and let them hang themselves, keep the ADHD publics attention, etc. Too bad Manning/Assange didn't go that route."
]
}
|
[] |
[
"http://www.upi.com/blog/2013/07/16/Edward-Snowden-agrees-to-stop-leak-asks-Russia-for-temporary-asylum/6331374005416/",
"http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/exclusive-uks-secret-mideast-internet-surveillance-base-is-revealed-in-edward-snowden-leaks-8781082.html"
] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
1rjwjg
|
why are certain note patterns pleasing, while others are not?
|
What makes specific combinations of musical notes aesthetically pleasing?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1rjwjg/eli5_why_are_certain_note_patterns_pleasing_while/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cdo1q63"
],
"score": [
2
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"text": [
"You should specify whether you're talking about melodic patterns or harmonic. Melodic is a series of notes (potentially in rhythm) and harmonic would be notes in played simultaneously. The former has few \"aesthetic\" boundaries. Some people like complex, experimental jazz where hundreds of notes are played seemingly at random, some people like 4-note pop music. Harmonic patterns are slightly more easy to classify. Smaller intervals (half step, whole step) are generally (HUGE generalization here) less pleasing than larger intervals (major 3, perfect fifth) because larger intervals produce more \"even harmonics\" (double, or quadrupal the frequency), that is to say, the harmonic frequencies support each other, rather than producing the \"beat frequency\" of uneven harmonics (Think two guitar strings playing the same \"note\", one string slightly out of tune)... Another level to this question is the human perception factor. The inner ear (where sound is collected) has tiny little hairs (called cillia) that vibrate when a sound reaches them, These hairs are sorted by length into 'critical bands', frequency ranges to which the ear is most sensitive. People don't like hearing two notes very close together because it stresses the same critical band, which is physically irritating. Now a good question to ask is why our brains developed this way... Since I have no concept of neuroscience (I can barely spell it) I am not the one to continue this explanation. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
6ay91m
|
why do nba players put a long sleeve on over their jerseys immediately after sitting on the bench?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6ay91m/eli5_why_do_nba_players_put_a_long_sleeve_on_over/
|
{
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"text": [
"Its likely to do with the fact that they are sweating and they want to wick off the sweat and cool down a bit. Runners so the same thing, they wear long sleeves until they are actually engaged in activity. IIRC there are coolers by the benches (or AC) and its not uncomfortable to be wearing long sleeves.\n\nIt also marks them as not active in some regard (though this is not official obviously. ",
"Athletes wear clothing that lets them move freely and stay cool while they are actively participating in their sport or competition, because all that exercise gets them hot.\n\nWhen they are not actively participating in that sport, though, the clothing they wear is often not enough to keep them warm, so they have light jackets or windbreakers that they wear to keep them from getting too cold before or after being active.\n\nFor instance, I am part of a sports club, we have regular meetings in the evening. Normally, I wear an over-shirt to keep me warm. When I am at practice, I keep my over-shirt on until we start warming up and drilling. Once we have been drilling for a little bit, my over-shirt is way too hot, so I leave it on a bench near the field. However, as soon as we break for whatever reason (for demonstrations or after practice meeting) I start to cool down, and quickly need to put my shirt back on or I get uncomfortably cold."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
||
7s6cy5
|
what advances in the past few years have made it possible to manufacture led lights that are so much brighter than previously?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/7s6cy5/eli5_what_advances_in_the_past_few_years_have/
|
{
"a_id": [
"dt2ddkk"
],
"score": [
4
],
"text": [
"The development of efficient blue LEDs is the key. The 2014 Nobel prize in physics went to three Japanese scientists for their work in the 1990's. A white LED is really a blue one with red-green (yellow) phosphors on it . The blue mixes with the red-green and makes white. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
20unsj
|
what are the palace guards in england trained to do?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/20unsj/eli5_what_are_the_palace_guards_in_england/
|
{
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"text": [
"They're like any other military or law enforcement professional. They're trained to protect whatever it is they're guarding.\n\nEdit: Grammar",
"They're active duty troops from several elite regiments (and sometimes commonwealth units), and a lot of them have extensive experience in Iraq and/or Afghanistan. They're regular army. \n\nSo basically they are trained to kill you if necessary, and are damned good at it. Don't test them. ",
"They're regular infantry in the British Army but they also have a ceremonial role, search Grenadier/Coldstream/Welsh/Scots or Irish guards. They're good like all Brit infantry, but I wouldn't class them as elite. \n\nAs far as actually guarding the queen goes, most of the duties are performed by the police-I can't remember the name of the specific branch. \n\nI'm sure if you were acting in a threatening way they would get hold of you, but don't be expecting any 007 moves or for them to run a bayonet through you. ",
"I climbed up the gate a little once when slightly drunk one afternoon and one of the Coldstream guards (read, soldier in big furry hat and red coat) stepped forward pointed his gun and shouted at me to get down. I did so and ran away like a child! They are soldiers in the British Army who are trained for ceremonial duties as well as regular shooting and flanking etc... ",
"To not smile. ",
"Did you just watch the second to last episode of 'Sherlock'? Cuz' I did.",
"Win at staring contests. \n\nI lost to about 5 of them when I visited. ",
"Nice try, Taliban",
"kill the fuck out of you\nedit: they will poke you in the eye",
"If you think of testing them, [this](_URL_0_) is what you'll get.",
"Castle guards. Hmmm. They must....guard the castle. ",
"[Here is an AMA from a member of the Guard that says most of you are wrong.](_URL_0_)",
"If you're American, it's very similar to the soldiers on duty at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier. They are the elite and take turns having what is a more ceremonial type duty than their regular duty.",
"Found this on youtube a few years ago. A Yeoman Warder at The Tower of London is asked about his service and [answers here](_URL_0_)",
"I love how *every* fucking thread about another country gets hijacked by Americans comparing stuff to their own country. Jesus.",
"Trained to endure the torture of tourists",
"Hey, somebody has to make sure that the Queen's corgis don't rebel and take over England."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[
"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3y1jy_lU2hA"
],
[],
[
"http://www.reddit.com/r/IAmA/comments/1qkkwb/"
],
[],
[
"http://youtu.be/jWFq-v7TKdQ?t=1m10s"
],
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
j3jcw
|
could you please explain some practical implications/applications of quantum mechanics, as though i were 5 years old?
|
Not so worried about the philosophical implications - more the concrete, day to day observations that show how quantum mechanics do apply to reality.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/j3jcw/could_you_please_explain_some_practical/
|
{
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],
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"text": [
"Superconductors (materials with 0 resistance) are a large scale casualty of quantum mechanical behavior.\n\nAlso: [Superfluids](_URL_0_)"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[
"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Z6UJbwxBZI"
]
] |
|
92xe0v
|
why are us $10 bills a yellowish color compared to the usual green of the other bills?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/92xe0v/eli5_why_are_us_10_bills_a_yellowish_color/
|
{
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3,
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"text": [
"Just throwing it out there, but $50 bills have a pinkish tint to me. (cashier here, I don't personally own a $50 bill)",
"It's only newer bills - no real reason why they are adding color other than the fact that they decided to give it a try (and to add a little bit of an extra challenge for counterfeiters)\n\n_URL_0_\n\n"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[
"http://www.colourlovers.com/blog/2007/09/21/the-new-colors-of-us-money"
]
] |
||
3vjjfl
|
how do hedge fund managers become so wealthy?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3vjjfl/eli5_how_do_hedge_fund_managers_become_so_wealthy/
|
{
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"cxo1ssn",
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"score": [
2,
3
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"text": [
"They are paid lots of money. Sorry if that sounds too obvious.\n\nHedge funds basically promise to take your money and, through wise investment, make you lots more money. The fund takes a cut of the money that's put in, so a fund that has many billions of dollars being invested can make hundreds of millions just from a small percentage of that.\n\nPeople tend to invest in hedge funds that have a track record of being profitable, or that have some promising novel method of investment. They need to believe the manager will invest wisely. Hence the hedge fund pays an incredible amount to get a superstar manager who can convince people to invest with him. It's not enough that he's qualified, he has to have appeal; part of his job is being a walking advertisement for the fund.\n\nNow, the silly part of the whole hedge fund sector is that it's based only on positive investment returns. If you have growth several years in a row, you rise up in the ranks and soon you're on top of the world. But nobody has such fine control over the economy that their investments are always positive. Once you go negative, you're tossed aside and investors move on to a new manager or fund, even if the situation is entirely beyond your control. \n\nAlthough most fund managers are skilled people, their success at rising to the top is based on luck--less glamorous managers of more modest funds often have better aggregate returns, but do not have the prestige of a \"winning streak.\"",
"Because they get paid based on the income from the funds they invest. Hedge funds earn a small management fee and a large performance incentive (the stereotypical fee structure is 2% of funds under management and **20%** of the fund income). Most fund managers earn 2-3% of funds under management but do not get a share of the income. \n\nHedge funds were conceived as a way for very high skill investors to produce earnings directly from their skill--they aren't intended to be exposed to the broader market movement as originally conceived, so the pay structure was designed to share the rewards of said skill and attract the most skilled managers. \n\nThat said, it's not hard for the less skilled to fool investors (the theories hedge funds use to invest today frequently involve complex math and it's hard for investors to understand whether the market is or is not affecting performance). "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
||
59izgt
|
i've seen crabs living under water and also living out of water in the sand on the beach .how can they breath in both environments?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/59izgt/eli5ive_seen_crabs_living_under_water_and_also/
|
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"text": [
"\"Crabs\" is a huge category with many species. Aquatic crabs live permanently in water and have gills like fish. They can go out of water but only for short periods, but then again so can some fish. There are also terrestrial crabs that have lungs and live on land. These guys can swim around and actually hold a bubble of air in front of their face, but again they can only go under for a short time. Intertidal crabs have gills, and then also have cuticles on their legs that help them breathe on land. They have to stay moist though and can't live away from water, but they can breathe in air or water fairly well.",
"Most fish would actually be able to breathe air if it weren't for the fact that their gills collapse when not supported by water. The gills of some crab species are much more stiff and thus can retain their surface area outside water, allowing them to breathe air.",
"What about lobsters? You can keep them in the fridge for hours. How does that work?",
"I learned about how frogs breathe in both environments in uni, I know you asked for crabs, but you might find this interesting: \n\nHumans heart have four chambers, 2 ventricles, 2 atria. Each side of the heart has one of each. The blood coming from the body enters through the right atrium, then is pumped to the lungs by the right ventricle. The blood coming from the lungs is received by the left atrium, and pushed to the body by the ~~right~~* left ventricle. \n\nFrogs basically have 2 separate circulatory systems, one for land, one for water. They still have 2 atria, one on each side, but they only have one large ventricle at the bottom. \n\nWhen they are on land: atrium 1 receives blood - > ventricle pumps to the lugs- > lungs pump to the body- > atrium 1 receives blood. Atrium 2 is never used. \n\nWhen they're underwater: atrium 2 receives blood- > ventricle pumps to skin(how they breathe underwater)- > skin pumps to body- > atrium 2 receives blood. \n\nTo switch between the two, frogs have a valve in their heart that switches blood flow between the two systems. \n\nedit:*",
"they have funny gills that work as long as they're a bit damp, and their shells are good at keeping those gills a bit damp for relatively long periods of time",
"Come to think of it...those crabs that seem to live in burrows on the beach...do they dig down far enough to hit water? Is there water down in the bottom of that burrow is what I'm asking? (For some/any species of crabs, I mean. I got the point about there being crabs and crabs...)",
"I learned something new today too. :D \n\n\". Crabs can be divided into three broad categories: aquatic (mostly marine), intertidal, and terrestrial. Each type is able to live only in its own environment. Aquatic crabs have gills and breathe underwater like fish. Take them out of the water for too long and they will suffocate because their gills collapse. Some intertidal crabs are able to breathe both in water (by means of gills) and out of water (using thin areas of cuticle on the leg bases) but they have to stay moist for the cuticle to function. Terrestrial crabs have stiff gills that function well out of water but not in it; if you put them into water with no way out, they'll drown eventually. Some terrestrial crabs, especially those that live in really dry habitats, also have lungs.\"\n\n\n_URL_0_",
"There are crabs that live in the desert (of Australia I think). They burrow down during the day to where it is cold. They come up and night and drink the water that condenses on their shell.",
"I presume that the \"land\" crabs you're referring to are hermit crabs, such as what you can find on the beach or in some pet stores.\n\n**All *hermit* crabs breathe through gills, none have lungs. Even the guys who live on land have gills.** \n\nOne source: _URL_0_\n\nThey require extremely moist air to respirate, and are a remarkable example of a transitional form of a species who has adapted to live out of the ocean on land.",
"I thought hermit crabs could breathe under water so I put mine in a fish tank. Needless to say he didn't live very long...... ",
"Funny thing. Your own breathing is a \"water process\". It works because the inside of your lungs are _wet_. The act of breathing is, in a very real sense, the act of plowing air across a wet sheet. That sheet is folded up and convoluted and we call that sheet \"a lung\".\n\nSo you push air across the inside surface of your lung (metaphorically) and the water there absorbs oxygen and burps up carbon dioxide.\n\nOnce the oxygen is in the water it can flow from the \"outside water\" in your lungs to the \"inside water\" which is your blood stream.\n\nThis whole process is why, when the air is too dry (often by being too hot or cold) or just plain too cold (cold enough to momentarily freeze or sublimate the water in the lungs) it hurts to breathe.\n\nSo the same thing is true of everything that breathes.\n\nAnd for \"internally gilled\" things like crabs, as long as they can move air past their gills and keep their gills wet, everything will be fine.\n\nLungfish can do the same thing.\n\nBut most regular fish can not keep their gills wet and have no means to force the air to move through them. So they gulp air if you pull them out of the water. And they can live a surprisingly long time. But eventually they dry out because normal fish have no stock of water to keep their gills wet, and gulping air it exhausting.\n\nMeanwhile, if you get too much water in your lungs you don't have the ability to \"stir\" the water and the surface area of the sheet becomes trapped behind the tubes that are normally full of air, but are now full of water. So you exhaust the oxygen in the water in your lungs, replacing it with carbon dioxide. Unfortunately now, instead of the normal _fifty_ to _seventy-five_ square meters of lung (wet sheet) each breath exposes to air with each breath, the air can only get into the big tubes, which have a cross-section of just a few inches... and you drown.\n\nSo crabs et. al. can survive on land because they have evolved to be able to keep their gills wet, and they can move air across them by one means or another, and that same means can move water across them when they are submerged.\n\nHumans cannot breathe under water because we have to push the air out the way it came in, and water just doesn't respond the same way to pressure.\n\nFish cannot breathe on land for long (in general) because they cannot keep their gills damp and they are good at moving water instead of air.\n\n",
"That is so interesting some creatures are so interesting but why do some crabs have a large claw and a small claw",
"fish gills work just fine out of water until they dry out. A fish out of water would never drown as long as there gills are kept wet.\n\nI imagine it is simalar with crabs, they have a mechanism for absorbing oxygen and it functions both in and out of water",
"You know what? Whales and Dolphins live EXCLUSIVELY under water and cant breathe under water.",
"Haven't you seen Kevin Costner in waterworld? ",
"I can tell you, crabs drown.\n\nI bought a small crab in a little box that had about an inch of water in it. So naturally I tossed it to the bottom of my 20 gallon tank. It tried to swim, but there was nothing to grab.... the fish spent the next day's picking his corpse clean.",
"Well, it's well known that 1 in 3 crabs is actually 2 Emu's wearing a crab costume. I'm so glad you posted this as it seems so obvious now that those that remain on land MUST be them. Maybe now I can stop being so terrified of them. ",
"Did I miss the explanation on how they survive in the bush?"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[
"https://www.quora.com/How-do-crabs-breathe-in-and-out-under-water-and-on-land"
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"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermit_crab?wprov=sfla1"
],
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[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
4xq1wf
|
how does a car scratch remover work?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4xq1wf/eli5how_does_a_car_scratch_remover_work/
|
{
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"text": [
"It's a very fine abrasive material, held in a liquid suspension. Think of sandpaper...and the rough abrasive on it. Now think of *extremely* fine abrasive...and mix it into a liquid. The liquid lubricates the area as you polish it...it keeps the cutting action of the abrasive smooth and controlled. \n\nA scratch basically a rough groove cut into the surface of the paint. The outer layer of the paint is normally very smooth, and so reflects light well. Scratch it, and you damage this surface...and you will see a whitish line. Scratch remover basically allows you to polish the scratch down so that it's not so deep, and make the surface reflective again. Modern car finishes have a clear coat layer over the colour layer. If you are lucky, the scratch only is in the clear coat...where you can smooth and level this surface with the remover. Put another way, you aren't really filling the scratch in, so much as removing the material around it. Some scratch removers have pigments in them...to help colour the damaged area."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
9w6zx5
|
how do jet engines compress air?
|
how exactly does the spinning of the blades compress the air?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/9w6zx5/eli5_how_do_jet_engines_compress_air/
|
{
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"text": [
"A jet engine is a turbomachine which begins with a compressor stage which compresses the incoming air to the nacelle into a combustion chamber where fuel is combusted in the presence of that compressed air, and the exhaust gases from that combustion drive a turbine which shares a shaft with the compressor blades. The faster the engine runs, the more air is compressed.",
"When air first passes through the engine, it goes through the compressor stage which is a series of fans that vary in angle and diameter forcing the air to compress and go into the second part where it is mixed with fuel and ignited. The expanding gasses are then forced out the opposite side of the engine where they pass through more fans which are connect to the same shaft as the compressor fans. This keeps the fans turning once they are started, but to start them they normally need an external supply of compressed air. ",
"In [this](_URL_1_) diagram, you can see that as the air gets closer to the hot section of the engine, the rotor blades (moving blades) and stators (stationary blades) are guiding (more like forcing really) it into a smaller and smaller space. The compression occurs because it simply *has* to. There is nowhere for the air to expand and it definitely can't go backwards because there is always more air being drawn in at a tremendous rate, so the only option is for its pressure and temperature to increase as it inexorably flows toward the combustion chambers and afterward the turbines, where the energy is taken from the resulting hot gas flow to power the compressor and keep the whole cycle going.\n\n[Here](_URL_0_[1].jpg) is an image of a J79 turbojet compressor section (without stators, as is common in cutaway displays). You can see that from front to back that the space between each stage gets smaller and smaller, the rotor blade spacing becomes extremely tight, and the central hub where the rotor blades are mounted expands outwards so that the air is continually forced into a smaller and smaller space. The compression is simply a consequence of being driven through such setup.\n\nTL;DR The air gets compressed because the machinery that moves it and the space it's moving into create a situation where the air *can't not* be compressed. ",
"It's not obvious unless you really think about the whole jet engine, but they do it same way you compress anything else: by cramming lots of stuff into a confined space. The fans push air down the throat of the engine, which narrows a bit behind the fans. This narrowing space steers the airflow inwards from all sides. The same amount of air is now occupying a smaller space, the definition of compression. The air can't simply stop because the fanblades are pushing more air in. Even without the narrowing, there will be some compression simply because the fans are pushing air IN faster than it can go OUT. \n\nPicture a hallway that narrows down to a single open doorway. If there is only a few people moving down the hallway they can go through the door without slowing down very much. If you get too many people moving down that hallway, they'll tend to pile up near that doorway. Add something behind the people that's pushing them forward (e.g. other people desperate to escape a burning building) and people at the front will end up getting crushed. ",
"Turn on your room fan to the highest setting. Put your face right in front of it.\n\n & #x200B;\n\nDo you feel the air press against your face, pushing your hair back?\n\n & #x200B;\n\nThat's compression, and the pressure will build up if the air cannot escape fast enough. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[
"https://www.456fis.org/THE%20JET%20ENGINE/Compressor_Stage_GE_J79",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/Jet_engine_numbered.svg"
],
[],
[]
] |
|
3ndecu
|
alzheimer's disease
|
Are the memories of your brain got deleted or are there but we cannot access them? What we know until today?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3ndecu/eli5_alzheimers_disease/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cvn21zo"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"It's not very well understood. The short version is that plaques form in the brain. The plaques make it harder for brain cells to talk to each other. The memories and thoughts are still there, but the road to the words or context is blocked."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
2qmo5w
|
lebesgue integration: what it is and how it is useful where a riemann integral is not.
|
I'm an undergraduate physics/math double major and I've taken up to calc 3, intro to advance (real analysis), diffQ, linear algebra etc... So I guess ELI-am-an-undergraduate-math-student.
Thanks!
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2qmo5w/eli5_lebesgue_integration_what_it_is_and_how_it/
|
{
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"text": [
"Lebesgue integration can integrate things Reimann integrals cannot, and they're the proper setting for generalizing what you mean by an integral to spaces where the Riemann integral may not make sense. You can, for example, integrate things on a sphere instead of in a plane.",
"as for how they both work:\n\nFor the Riemann integral you divide the x-axis into small pieces and add rectangles from left to right, as they come, with the height of the value of the function at that point.\n\nFor the Lebesgue integral, given a value y of the function you want to integrate, you would collect all x's where f(x) = y into one set, and measure the size of the set. This is done by a \"measure\", which assigns a number, (\"the size\") to certain sets (measureable sets), then multiply and add the numbers you get for every y.\n\nI think an example (on wikipedia probably) is, that if you have a handful of coins, then Riemann counts them one coin by one, as they come, and Lebesgue first collects all 1p coins, multiplies 1p by the number of coins with that value, then collects all 2p coins,.., then all 5p coins, and so on.\n\nLooking at real functions and sequences of functions, you often want to be able to interchange limits and integration. (that's done all the time in physics and engineering.)\n\nthe integral of the limit = the limit of the integrals.\n\n\nor int f = int (lim f_n) = lim (int f_n)\n\n\nThe Lebesgue theory gives certain theorems that are stronger than those for the riemann theory, i.e. the prerequisites for the sequence are less strict.\n\nThen this theory of measures and integrals is quite general, and you can think of other measures, that don't assign the intuitive length/area/volume to certain sets in R^n, but maybe that count the number of elements in the set (giving infinity for infinite sets).\n\nThat way you could think of infinite series as integrals of functions on the natural numbers (i.e. sequences), where the measure on the natural numbers is the one that counts elements in a set.\n\nThere's also the Dirac measure with respect to a point y, which is 1 if the set measured contains y and 0 if it doesn't.\nIf you use this measure to integrate a function it will give you the value of the function at y, much as you would expect from the name \"Dirac measure\".\n\nAnother interesting case is the Hausdorff measure H_d of a certain (possibly fractional) dimension. I don't know exactly, but i think it's more or less like this:\nCertain sets can be assigned a fractal dimensional with the help of this measure.\nFor example if you measure a set in the 2d plane, intuitively its 1d measure \"length is infinite\" (not really accurate, but it will do), its 3d measure is zero, as it \"doesn't have volume\". the only measure that gives a non-zero number is the one with the correct dimension 2. It gives the Area.\nnow with H_d, d isn't limited to integers and the number d for which the measure of a set isn't zero or infinity is the hausdorff dimension / fractal dimension. This might be 4/3 or something like that for certain objects. (In the above case 2 is the Hausdorff dimension)\n[correct me if i'm wrong, i'm probably inaccurate on this, as i've never looked into this in much detail, recalling that from my memory]\n\nThe theory of how you construct a measure (by Caratheodory), which sets are measurable by that measure, which properties you want a measure to have, is also quite interesting.",
"Lebesgue integration is a different, in some cases superior, technique of integration. To better explain it, a comparison to Riemann integration would be helpful. In Riemann integration, one finds that a function is integrable if, considering all possible ways to partition (split up) the interval, the lowest upper sum and the largest lower sum is the same; however, not every function can be integrated, in more ways than one. Sometimes a function is very difficult to integrate, this is usually where Numerical Analysis steps in and helps us find some reasonable estimate because why spend years finding the area under a curve if its easier to integrate this other thing close to it and the error is probably about 10^-50? However, there are other functions which, by definition, just cannot be integrated because they fail the test I mentioned before.\n\nSeveral people here have mentioned a great example of this. That being the \"characteristic function\" on the irrationals. A characteristic function is a function that, given some go-to set, sets the values to the function to 1 if the corresponding domain value is in the set, and 0 if it isn't. So in this case, consider a function on...lets say the interval [0,1] where the function spits out 1 if its some irrational number, 0 of it isn't. Well, the issue with this becomes intuitively clear (but can be proven without too much effort) when you try to partition it. It doesn't matter how you partition it, because the lower sums will be 0 and the upper sums will be 1, because both sets are dense in the reals. Get a super small interval, well, there's going to be a rational and irrational in there, can't get around that. So obviously the smallest upper sum is 1 and the largest lower sum is 0. Not the same, not Riemann integrable.\n\nObviously this causes problems. Is the function not integrable because of some fact of the universe or is it just because our methods are faulty? Perhaps a new technique could be devised that makes intuitive sense and also lets us integrate functions we normally couldn't. This is where Lebesgue integration steps in, although not fully, as I'll mention later. Lebesgue integration works with a collection of sets that are called \"measurable\". If you're interested in measurability, I'm sure other resources could explain it more clearly than I can and touch on more interesting topics, but the general concept here is that measurable functions go far beyond intervals. Before, with Riemann integration, we could only integrate on intervals. Maybe they were disjoint but they were still an interval or a collection of such. But not every set is just a collection of intervals. Take, for example, the Cantor set. A very interesting set in terms of measurability, to be sure. But it isn't an interval (its constructed through them but is not one). But the set has measure (it being zero). Intervals have measure too, its just its length. So...what if we defined a function using the Cantor set as the domain. Could that function be integrable? Well, Lebesgue techniques allow for us to work with these sort of domains. It also helps us work with the popular example in question. Using measuring techniques, we find that the measure of the rationals on [0,1] is 0 and the measure of the irrationals on [0,1] is 1. The characteristic function is a simple function so in order to find the value we simply take each value and multiply it by the measure of the set in question. In this case we get 1*1+0*0, so we get 1. Now we've extended our methods to measurable sets, now we don't have to just deal with intervals anymore! And the best thing is that, since intervals are measurable and thanks to several theorms, if a function is Riemann integrable, its Lebesgue integrable and the values will be the same, thus making it a nice extension to what we know.\n\nThere are many interesting side results of these methods that I'll also mention. One is that this only works on measurable sets. There are sets that are not measurable. But we've definitely moved further along at least! The other thing is that measure can be used to make an interesting take on the \"truth\" of things. Suppose we're dealing with say, a collection of things and we apply some statement to them. If we take the things in there and find the measure of the set which contains all the times the statement is false and it turns out to be zero, we can say the statement is almost true. Example: The real numbers are almost irrational (since the measure of the rationals is zero). There's some fun and interesting stuff in there, so if you do have time to look into it, try it out a bit and see what you think."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
3thbty
|
why is a lit light bulb the symbol for an idea?
|
Does it have anything to do with GE or Thomas Edison?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3thbty/eli5_why_is_a_lit_light_bulb_the_symbol_for_an/
|
{
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"cx64t55",
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],
"score": [
2,
2
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"text": [
"My guess: the light bulb was probably the defining consumer invention of the 20th century. It is a symbol of a 'great idea'.\n\nThat said, light is a symbol for knowledge in itself, found in phrases like \"shed a little light on the problem\" and the word \"enlightening\". Bringing light to dispel the mystery of the darkness is a centuries old concept.",
"In addition to what everyone else said, there's this:\n\nEdison supposedly failed 1,000+ different times while trying to invent the light bulb. Different gases, materials, etc. So when he finally tried the right combination of everything to make a working light bulb, it was a huge revelation for him.\n\nSo the light bulb as an idea is like that \"Ah! I got it!\" moment."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
|
fuw63l
|
what is that wierd jarring feeling when you take a step on the stairs and don't realize it's the last one? isn't it just like every other step?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/fuw63l/eli5_what_is_that_wierd_jarring_feeling_when_you/
|
{
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2
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"text": [
"It’s just because it takes you by surprise, so you get a hit of endorphins. It’s the same idea as when someone accidentally startles you. Someone coming up behind you and saying your name is normally ok, unless you really weren’t expecting it, then you might jump. You get that weird feeling because your body is getting ready for fight or flight.",
"You mean when you get to the top of the stairs and try to take another step because you don't realise you're at the top? Your body was prepared to put your weight on top of the next step, but there isn't one, so you lose your balance and fall forwards until your foot touches the *actual* floor. It's basically the same as if you were walking blindfolded on the flat ground, and you stepped in a pothole which you didn't know was there.\n\nWalking is actually really complicated even though our brains make it seem easy. (That's why most robots use wheels instead. Wheels are much easier.)",
"Does anybody else do that as they're starting to fall asleep? Dosing-off, lightly dreaming, then... BAM! I don't know where I was walking but there wasn't another step! And now I'm awake again..."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
j2pdj
|
why many dislike george w. bush as a president
|
Hope I don't sound really stupid in saying this.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/j2pdj/eli5_why_many_dislike_george_w_bush_as_a_president/
|
{
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"text": [
"The typical reasons, from the liberal and left side of US politics (conservatives and libertarians may have different reasons):\n\n* Being declared president under unusual circumstances (Al Gore won the popular vote, but the Supreme Court ruled that Florida's electoral votes be awarded to Bush, making him president)\n* Wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, which many consider unethical if not downright illegal, along with being a considerable factor to the US debt. Plus there's a whole slew of other controversies and scandals related to Iraq and Afghanistan.\n* USA PATRIOT Act, expanding the security state\n* No Child Left Behind, which opponents feel overemphasizes testing and is pro-charter school\n* Many feel his administration botched their response to the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina\n\nI'm sure there's more I can't think of at the moment.",
"Well the quick list:\n\nHe's a republican, which automatically means most of the die hard democrats are going to dislike him. On top of that he was part of a newish wing of republicans known as neocons, which had views that chased away some of the moderates in the middle. Many of the people he chose for his cabinet were shoe ins from the Reagan era, who were pretty controversial figures.\n\nHe was really bad about saying exactly the wrong thing at the wrong time, both in terms of just stupid slips of the tongue (\"is our children learning?\") and major fuckups like his handling of the Katrina disaster (\"heck of a job Brownie\", suggesting that the predominantly black people stranded in the superdome were living in better conditions than they had been before and the MISSION ACCOMPLISHED banner all come to mind.)\n\nHis vice president and a lot of his cabinet were also really good about saying the wrong thing at exactly the wrong time. (Rumsfeld claiming we'd be greeted with flowers and candy in Iraq for example)\n\nThe Iraq war: They basically fabricated a case that Iraq supported terrorism and was manufacturing WMDs in order to invade the country. Many called the case bullshit and turned out to be right. The war didn't go nearly as well as Bush and company claimed it would and it basically turned into a clusterfuck.",
"There are less rational (but perhaps legitimate) reasons besides his actual policies: his cowboy 'swagger', combined with being very inarticulate and (apparently) uncurious. I for one found myself deeply embarrassed for our country whenever he got up in front of the podium. this certainly compounded his perceived policy blunders. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
19rbk4
|
how amazon prime is sustainable. shipping is expensive, isn't amazon taking big profit cuts?
|
Doesn't Amazon foot the shipping bill? When/If Amazon chooses to ship something by air to make the delivery date, isn't that extremely expensive?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/19rbk4/eli5_how_amazon_prime_is_sustainable_shipping_is/
|
{
"a_id": [
"c8qm6v2"
],
"score": [
10
],
"text": [
"The idea is that if you have an Amazon Prime subscription, you're more likely to buy things from Amazon instead of their competitors. If Amazon is charging $5 more than ebay, but the shipping is $10, I'll buy it from Amazon.\n\nIt's sort of like how Walmart works. You can reduce your profit margin, i.e. the amount of money you make per sale, if your net sales (volume) go up enough to compensate for it.\n\nIf I make $10 (that's the profit margin) selling each item at $100 apiece, and sell 10 items a week (volume), I'm making $100 a week. If, however, I can make $6 for each item I sell, but can sell 20 items a week, I'm making $120 a week."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
b3kd4w
|
what is the epic game store and why is there so much uproar about it? specifically with exclusives when consoles have had exclusives for years?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/b3kd4w/eli5_what_is_the_epic_game_store_and_why_is_there/
|
{
"a_id": [
"ej0881f",
"ej0b8kf"
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"score": [
4,
2
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"text": [
"It's a store opened by a publisher that is offering higher profits to developers while at the same time offering incentives to get exclusivity for the first year of the games release. It takes away choice on a platform where choice has been a huge incentive for years, my games are on steam because I like that platform and they have always provided good service and reasonable prices. \n\nExclusives work fine for consoles because you buy the game for that console and it works, you have one account and it's on a single system. Your data is contained within (generally) a single entity.\n\nThe reason exclusivity for PC games is wrong is because we now have games that require ubisoft, EA, Steam, Epic, GOG, and other accounts that we have to stretch our info across and purchase products through. That's a *LOT* of different services that have to protect our information from both internal and external malicious intent. Epic has has issues with data security in fortnite and has a launcher that is about as bare bones as you can get. Sure they will implement improvements as time goes on but until then you are stuck with a severe lack of features. The game being exclusive to the epic launcher means that to play it within the first year of exclusivity a consumer will *need* to dow load another launcher, create another account, input data into another companies system, and roll the dice and hope all goes well.",
"The company that makes it has a Chinese company as a huge share holder.\n\nSteam fan boys.\n\nSteam arguably has a more robust feature set.\n\nGames are going their exclusively rather then being in both stores.\n\nYes they offer a better revenue split as well. But this has no benefit to consumers aside from potentially price cuts, but this is fairly untested as to if devs will pass savings or pocket them."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
||
7anktu
|
how do smoke signals work?
|
How the divisions in smoke clouds are made, and what is the code to read them?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/7anktu/eli5_how_do_smoke_signals_work/
|
{
"a_id": [
"dpbhct5",
"dpbhfas"
],
"score": [
2,
3
],
"text": [
"Wet blanket over the flames makes \"divisions\" in the smoke. There's no single \"smoke signal\" code - \"code\" is a good name for this since the idea is that your enemies don't know what you're signalling. ",
"The one drawback of using smoke signals is that the enemy could also see them. For this reason, there wasn't a set code for transmissions, and each tribe had its own system. The meaning of the message was predetermined and only known to the sender and receiver of the signal. A tribe might send a message that the enemy was near or that sickness had fallen over the camp. They would also commonly use the signals to announce the outcome of battle or to call for reinforcements. In order to send signals over greater distances, tribes would set up a chain of fires to relay the message from one to the next."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
|
2cgz05
|
why does the un sets up and man 'safe buildings' like hospitals but doesn't deploy peacekeepers to secure a perimeter?
|
Hugging is a well documented tactic used by irregular fighters to protect themselves by using an enemies rules of engagement against them. The enemy 'cannot' shoot at hospital/school, so let's stay close to it. They enemy won't shoot the irregulars because of the risk to accidentally hit the adjacent building.
*Filtered for bullshit...*
Jackass one and Jackass two are playing a game of chicken and children are being killed.
Why is the UN not able to secure a perimeter? This seems like a simple way to prevent hugging. For the irregulars, it would imagine it's not worth fighting two enemies. This may seem to side with the enemy, but I'd say the issue is saving civilian lives. The UN won't be conducting offensive operations for either side, just securing actual safe zones.
Without something, nothing will change.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2cgz05/eli5_why_does_the_un_sets_up_and_man_safe/
|
{
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"text": [
"A lot of the times the mission isn't allowed to be armed or to fight. It's often a part of the rules for being allowed into the country in the first place.",
"Even securing a safe zone can be frustratingly ineffective depending in the UN mandate. Keep in mind there were UN peacekeeping forces on the ground during the Rwandan genocide.\n\nPlus the UN is saddled with bureaucracy. Basically, especially in current confrontations, it's unlikely the Security Council would agree to send troops in the first place. And if they thought it was necessary, getting the General Assembly to agree to it (and the budget outlay) would be even harder. Actually getting member states to commit troops to the operation and get them in theater is a whole other set of problems.",
"It is insanely difficult for UN to get clearance to fire weapons.\n\nWhen have they even been involved in fighting, aside from the occasional scuffle when they get ambushed? Kosovo is all I can think of"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
9riohh
|
why do american cars only have plates on the back of the car, whereas european cars have them on the front and back?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/9riohh/eli5_why_do_american_cars_only_have_plates_on_the/
|
{
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3,
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12
],
"text": [
"There are some states that require front and back plates on your car. It just depends on the state laws. ",
"Depending on the state laws in the US some states have both front and back plates while others just have back. I don’t think there is an actual reason that some states only require a single plate though.",
"In the US vehicles are regulated by the state, not the federal government.\n\nThe only federal plates are for vehicles directly owned by the US government.\n\nAs such, every state has their own regulations, including whether or not a front plate is required.\n\nOut of 50 states, 31 require front plates, 19 only require rear plates. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
1rka93
|
why is it such a big deal (in the us) that stores/services/restaurants stay open for thanksgiving?
|
It seems like the mentality on Reddit is that you're part of some problem or evil if you shop on Thanksgiving. How is this any different from Christmas, New Years, or any other holiday?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1rka93/eli5_why_is_it_such_a_big_deal_in_the_us_that/
|
{
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"text": [
"It's supposed to be a national holiday when you spend time with family and be generally thankful. \n\nIf there's shopping, then there are businesses that are open. If businesses are open, that means there are people being forced to work on this day when they are supposed to be spending time with their family. \n\nAnd to answer your final question: It's no different than Christmas, because same story (stores should be closed on Christmas). New Years, not so much, because it's not really a \"family\" holiday for most people. ",
"Thanksgiving is one of the three holidays that is considered absolutely sacrosanct. The others are Christmas and Easter. If you ever close your store, traditionally those three days are the bare minimum. And Thanksgiving was the only one that wasn't explicitly religious. Even in the recent past (last 10 years) it was hard to find anything that was open. Even gas stations would close for the holiday.\n\nThe only people that would work Thanksgiving were those that were absolutely needed. Even vital facilities like hospitals and utilities would run on minimum staffs. And those people were treated almost like heroes. I worked it for a utility about 15 years ago. I was paid 2.5 times my normal hourly pay rate because I sacrificed to cover it. And a lot of companies have senior managers who would cover shifts to let as many plebs as possible have the day off.\n\nIt is one of two days where people gather as families (Christmas being the other). And the entire country shuts down as we all gather to eat, watch football, and fight with our families.\n\nSo people are offended to see this tradition end. It is one thing for important services (like gas stations) to remain open. It is something entirely different for an electronics store to remain open. And until about 2 years ago, they wouldn't. But now the stores are opening on Thanksgiving. And instead of being a voluntary sacrifice that would be richly rewarded, working on the holiday is mandatory in some stores like WalMart.\n\nAnd this offends some sensibilities. There are 27 other days between Thanksgiving and Christmas. Everyone can go buy Billy that iPad on Friday or Saturday. We just want to keep this day as one where almost all can spend with their families.",
"As already stated, there are people that really need to be working on Thanksgiving ( Law enforcement, Firemen , etc ). And sure there are people that have no family and would rather pay for a good meal than prepare one. Americans believe ( it's in our DNA ) that anything worth doing is worth doing to extremes. So the occasional Black Friday sales of our youth have grown into this insane feeding frenzy that we see now. Thanksgiving is a holiday set aside to be thankful for what you have and to be with your family if you can."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
6gxzse
|
why do some foods, like peanuts, "fill you up" in smaller quantities than other food?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6gxzse/eli5_why_do_some_foods_like_peanuts_fill_you_up/
|
{
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"text": [
"Calorie density, how much energy is a volume of one food over another. Nuts are fairly calorie dense across the board ",
"Feeling \"full\" does not mean your stomach is necessarily actually full, and feeling hungry does not mean it's empty. Foods with lots of calories make you feel full faster, because your body doesn't want to take in too much energy too fast. Although the fat in nuts is generally considered a healthy source of calories, nuts contain a *lot* of it - often in excess of 50% of the weight of a nut is fat, making them one of the most calorie-dense foods in the world.\n\nEdit: Apparently pecans are ~72% fat. That's almost as much as butter (~80%).",
"The *feeling* of being full is linked to, but eventually different from being actually full.\nPeanuts have a compound called mercaptoacetate (thioglycolate) , that is known to inhibit the feeding response. Peanuts are also known to increase sensitivity to leptin, a hormone that tells your body that you are full. \nFinally, peanuts contain a large amount of monounstaurated fats, which is a kind of fat that is particularly good at making you feel full.\n\nThese combined effects are quite powerful, so much so that a direct injection of peanut oil to the stomach is routinely used in the lab on rats to \"stop feeding\" during experiments. [Here is a table](_URL_1_) that shows you how peanut oil is about twice as effective as glucose in inducing the feeling of being full. \n\nFor more scholarly articles, see : _URL_0_\n\nPS: Please ignore all the calorie density nonsense that is posted all over. There is little evidence that calorie density plays any direct role in satiation. The calorie density effect is mostly a weak correlation due to the fact, that fats , which induce satiation are also calorie dense. This is like saying that fire engines are effective at dousing fires because they are red , when the real reason is the massive pump and truckload of water they carry.",
"Oh I wished they'd do that.\n\n(Pea)nuts, almonds.... I just can't get enough of them. All other food I have a rather healthy self-restrain, but there is no limit with these protein-fat-bombs"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[
"http://ajpregu.physiology.org/content/295/1/R82",
"https://books.google.de/books?id=tpRXwD4Y_M4C&pg=PA214&lpg=PA214&dq=peanut+satiation&source=bl&ots=n8SJzvX80t&sig=6jNQ4sK1IhDzHeTe5lbxlY2gY7o&hl=en&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=peanut%20satiation&f=false"
],
[]
] |
||
2y7xvx
|
in westerns when horses fall over with riders on, what keeps the horses weight from breaking their legs?
|
Like in [this gif.](_URL_0_)
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2y7xvx/eli5_in_westerns_when_horses_fall_over_with/
|
{
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"cp72ynj",
"cp72zvz"
],
"score": [
2,
5
],
"text": [
"If you watch that scene in slow motion you see his foot isn't in the far-side stirrup. His foot and leg are away from the horse so it isn't crushed.\n\nHere is a video that shows how they train the horses to fall: _URL_0_",
"In modern films they use horses trained to fall safely. In some old films, however they actually just tripped them and sometimes injured them horribly. It was one of the driving forces behind animal rights in movies being taken seriously and thus that little notice you see at the end about animals not being filmed."
]
}
|
[] |
[
"http://i.imgur.com/2sf2XFy.gif"
] |
[
[
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-FHHD9IdjN4"
],
[]
] |
|
44xj1m
|
how does amazon's overall rating system work? it seems rigged
|
I was browsing around and found [this](_URL_0_) . It seems pretty obvious that the majority of reviewers do not like the product yet the overall rating is 4.5/5. That overall rating made me click through and I would have believed it had I not scrolled down the page. Is there some weighted algorithm that goes into these? Like more weight to a verified purchase or a top reviewer? I really hope that Amazon does not let sellers pay for a good rating.
In case people want to see the actual page [this is the product](_URL_1_)
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/44xj1m/eli5_how_does_amazons_overall_rating_system_work/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cztnhm1"
],
"score": [
14
],
"text": [
"Looks like it ignores or weighs the individual votes before applying them. So if 50% of people vote 1star and the other 50% vote 5 stars, and ten people found a 5star rating helpful and 20 found a 1 star helfpul, it'd be more in favour of the 1 star. \n\nAlso Amazon have a \"verified purchase\" which means the review is left by someone who has bought the product through amazon."
]
}
|
[] |
[
"http://i.imgur.com/bXEA9kv.jpg",
"http://www.amazon.com/KitchenAid-Classic-Can-Opener-Black/dp/B000HPS73U/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1455035832&sr=8-1&keywords=kitchenaid+can+opener"
] |
[
[]
] |
|
1iv4zr
|
why don't i have to "tell" my brain to replicate dna or keep my heart pumping, but i need to for movement, breathing etc.
|
abc.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1iv4zr/eli5_why_dont_i_have_to_tell_my_brain_to/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cb8c0ua",
"cb8c7x4",
"cb8caiv"
],
"score": [
3,
2,
2
],
"text": [
"Breathing you actually don't need to tell your brain to do. Like when you are asleep you still breath even when you are not thinking about it. \n\nFun Fact: If your kid ever threatens to hold his breath till he gets what he wants, if you let him he will pass out from lack of oxygen and will start breathing again while passed out.\n\nSorry I don't have the answer to your question :(",
"Like someone else said, you don't actually have to use your brain to breath. You're just capable of controlling your breathing (to an extent).\n\nAnyways, you don't need to tell your cells to replicate DNA because the DNA tells them to do that itself! (put extremely simply). When stimulated in certain ways by a variety of factors like hormones etc. (varying from cell-to-cell), your cell naturally replicates DNA.\n\nYour heart can pump on its own because it's a very simple action. The very deepest part of your brain can handle stimulating your heart to pump because it's an easy, repetitive action.\n\nHigher functions like movement require your brain because they involve the orchestration of muscles across different parts of your body, and heavy electro-stimuation.",
"That's what's so cool about the brain, it does that stuff for you, so you can spend time thinking and learning. you could think of it as conscious thought and unconscious (or regulatory) thoughts/processes. \n\nI'm not sure how much you can credit to your brain and what to credit to DNA (cell growth and such)."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
1hjpve
|
why are the suffixes of "motorcycle" and "bicycle" pronounced differently?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1hjpve/eli5_why_are_the_suffixes_of_motorcycle_and/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cauzo8u",
"cav05k6"
],
"score": [
4,
25
],
"text": [
"I was literally JUST thinking this today! And then my mind wandered. Bicycle = bisicle = twin popsicle. ",
"It should be noted that in some dialects (some of British English, parts of the American South, etc.) the suffix is pronounced the same. But for the sake of this, let's assume it's true across the board...\n\nThe reason the words are pronounced differently from one another in many dialects has to do with the way English speakers tend to handle unstressed syllables.\n\nEnglish speakers like to *reduce* the sound of unstressed syllables. It's part of how they create a difference between stress and unstress, which in turn creates the musical cadence that makes speech easier to understand. Sometimes an unstressed syllable will have its vowel become a *schwa*, which is a fancy way of saying the vowel moves to the center (it's more neutral than the way you would usually pronounce the vowel).\n\nSo when you say *motorcycle*, you're pronouncing the 'y' in a non-reduced say (like the letter 'i'); when you say *bicycle*, it becomes very reduced, almost a *schwa* – sort of between a bunch of clearer vowels (and more dependent on the consonants around it). Stressed syllables are more clearly enunciated across the board, and that is most apparent in vowels.\n\nSo, why the difference? English speakers like to start (most) words with a stressed syllable (at least nouns, with the common exception of compound nouns like *toothbrush*, where the syllables are roughly equal in stress). There are a few reasons for this, but the easiest to understand is that it helps you detect the break between words – it acts as a clear cue that a word is starting, and since stressed syllables are pronounced more clearly, the listener starts out with a leg up on understanding you.\n\n*Bicycle* is a three syllable word, so the average speaker's tendency is say it as stressed-unstressed-stressed. That leaves the second syllable unstressed, and you naturally fall into the less-articulated pronunciation.\n\n*Motorcycle* (or *unicycle*) on the other hand, is a four syllable word. So the pattern is likely to be stressed-unstressed-stressed-unstressed. The important thing to note here is that the 'cy' part of the word is a *stressed* syllable – so no reduction, it stays nice and clear.\n\nOne way to see how the natural cadence of English affects this is to add a random syllable into the word *bicycle*. Let's say the word were instead *bitorcycle*. Your natural instinct would be to use the non-reduced pronunciation seen in *motorcycle*, because you've moved the 'cy' syllable to slot three (a stress slot). If we put the syllable in a different slot, so the 'cy' remained unstressed, like in *bicytorcle*, we'd fall back into the other pronunciation for 'cy'.\n\ntl;dr Bicycle is a three syllable word, and the 'cy' falls on the second syllable, which is generally unstressed (so the vowel is looser). Motorcycle is a four syllable word, and the 'cy' falls on the third syllable, which is stressed (and therefore stronger)."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
||
1njoxc
|
what determines whether or not a food needs to be refrigerated?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1njoxc/eli5_what_determines_whether_or_not_a_food_needs/
|
{
"a_id": [
"ccj7375"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"How perishable it is."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
6hzsw9
|
how do internet speed tests work?
|
When using an internet speed test, am I just downloading as much data from their servers as possible? Will this use a lot of data on my mobile plan?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6hzsw9/eli5_how_do_internet_speed_tests_work/
|
{
"a_id": [
"dj2dmfv",
"dj2ds1g",
"dj2dzx3"
],
"score": [
2,
35,
5
],
"text": [
"Essentially this is how they work. However it only maxes out your speed for a few seconds. There is no need to continue the test for several minutes like if you were watching a video or something. So the actual data downloaded are quite low.",
"Sort of. In short, speed tests are conducted by simply retrieving a file from a server for calculating download speeds and then sending files back to the server for calculating upload speeds. Usually this is done in a short period of time (such as 2-10s), and big files are not necessarily needed to make this measurement.\n\nModern speed tests are actually able to change dynamically the amount of data downloaded based on the initial results, so a faster internet would download more data so it can accurately calculate your speed.\n\nThink of it like this: let's suppose you have a 4 megabits per second download speed on your phone. When you touch \"start test\", your phone will try to download a 1 megabyte file. Since it 1 megabyte is equal to 8 megabits, it should take 2 seconds to download the file.\n\nNow if you were to have a 400 megabits per second connection, downloading a 1 megabyte file would take only 0.02 seconds... this is not enough time to make an average, so a bigger file would be needed in this case to accurately measure your speed.\n\nSpeedtest has a great (and more technical) page about how they conduct their tests: _URL_0_",
"Yeah, it's basically a server trying to send data as fast as possible until a bottleneck is found and speed stabilizes. It can use quite a bit of data depending on the test. I know _URL_0_ uses a kind of tiered approach, where a connection that's clearly very fast gets to use a larger file for a more reliable reading. So if you're on GPRS or something, hopefully it won't use all that much data. On 4G/LTE it can easily use tens of megabytes, maybe 100 MB. Be careful with that; if you have a small plan like 250 MB or even 1 GB that's a noticeable chunk gone in seconds."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[
"https://support.speedtest.net/hc/en-us/articles/203845400-How-does-the-test-itself-work-How-is-the-result-calculated-"
],
[
"speedtest.net"
]
] |
|
4lp8da
|
why do eastern asian people focus so much on food's temperature ? do some foods actually have some chemical effect that gives it an "innate" warmth? do they actually have an effect on health?
|
I don't just refer to the way some people enjoy cold pizza or hate cold pizza. I've seen it in shows/movies where Asians don't want to mix hot and cold food, for example. There are also warming and cooling foods, like mango is warming and crab is cooling. Is there any shred of legitimacy to these ideas? I've been told by Chinese that it's a real thing, not just some whacko alternative medicine, and that legit respected doctors in major hospitals take this stuff seriously.
Sounds like a bunch of spirit energy/chakra type nonsense, but I don't want to just assume if there is something real to it.
-------
Edit: I figured I should share also that it was explained to me like this. In the way that most nouns have feminine or masculine qualities implied, la casa (feminine - the house), el telefono (masculine - the phone), that in Chinese foods have an implied hot/cold quality. This is not necessarily expressed in the language itself, so don't focus too much on the details of the analogy.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4lp8da/eli5_why_do_eastern_asian_people_focus_so_much_on/
|
{
"a_id": [
"d3p3f2h",
"d3p4ffd",
"d3pfjpl"
],
"score": [
2,
6,
5
],
"text": [
"Best answer I can think of is the respect for the food that their culture may have. Tradition coupled with etiquette, and possibly the feeling you get from eating those foods, have created this idea. ",
"The belief is not based on temperature per se, but the effect it has on the body. Heaty/Cooling foods are best related to the cooking method and characteristics of the food itself.\n\nSo fried foods are typically heaty, natural vegetables and fruits are typically cooling.\n\nWhile there might be a placebo effect in play, some \"Western\" doctors do give credence to this principle, in that a balance of heat/cool is needed. Kinda like the balance of humors theory of old",
"As someone who has also heard this, I just took it as something coming from their traditional, Confucian, Taoist, Yin-Yang mishmash cultural upbringing and knowledge. Drinking cold water with hot food is a thematic mismatch, and thus will create a conflict in your body. Disharmony. Stuff like that. \n\nIs it true? Well...if you eat a hot, greasy pizza (about half the pie, as is my wont), and then wash it down with a nice, fizzy coca cola...you're gonna get those acidy burps that burn your throat. And then your mom is going to say in chinese shit like \"ni kan ba...dao gen ni jiang le...bu ting hua!\" \n\nAnd you have to roll your eyes and hold off on the urge to explain to her that the fizziness of the carbonation bubbled the hot oil up the esophagus, and that it wasn't a mixture of conflicting temperatures creating an anti-confucian conflict in your stomach energy lake. \n\nAnd then she'll roll her eyes at you, as if to say \"who gives a shit why, if you had listened to me, you wouldn't have those anti-confucian oily acid burps right now.\" \n\nAnyhow, bad science is bad science now, but used to be good science back then. Parts of it worked, but you can't trust it anymore."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
fx9lja
|
since isps sometimes throttle costumers' internet to save money, how does a customer consuming a lot of data cost them more money?
|
Is there something physical that's going on that cost them money when their customer downloads a large file etc. I just want to know, how a customer consuming/downloading large files or streaming a ton of videos affect their costs.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/fx9lja/eli5_since_isps_sometimes_throttle_costumers/
|
{
"a_id": [
"fmsxc1a"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"If they can't meet the need, they have to deploy more hardware. Hardware costs money, and maintaining it costs even more money, so going as long as possible without deploying more hardware is the key to their profitability."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
5iuo2u
|
why is it better to use special cleaning solution and a microfiber cloth to clean my glasses?
|
I have been told all my life that the cleaning solutions are better than water, and that a microfiber cloth is better than a shirt or towel, but I don't know why! Does using water and a towel instead actually hurt the glasses?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5iuo2u/eli5_why_is_it_better_to_use_special_cleaning/
|
{
"a_id": [
"dbb3b16"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"If you use something other than a microfiber, you can cause microscratches and cracks on the outside of the lenses. If these build further, the glass eventually becomes brittle and cracks more easily. This is the same effect when someone drops their phone tons of times, but the one time that they hit the right angle, it shatters. The cleaning solution can either coat the glasses, lubricate the cloth, or help pick up debris depending on what you're using."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
5e0wo9
|
the 11th dimension
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5e0wo9/eli5the_11th_dimension/
|
{
"a_id": [
"da8x5gs"
],
"score": [
4
],
"text": [
"[This really great explanation](_URL_0_ ) has over 2500 upvotes. Search can get you great explanations like this faster than posting new questions, or watching a particular, bad, YouTube video."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/51r9kk/eli5_why_does_string_theory_require_11_dimensions/"
]
] |
||
44cy84
|
why do people say it's humbling when they achieve a lot? wouldn't that be the least humbling thing?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/44cy84/eli5_why_do_people_say_its_humbling_when_they/
|
{
"a_id": [
"czpcnl4"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Some people found pride in themselves. (A metaphor). If I fail or short myself, I feel I must try harder.\nIf I achieve greatness. I feel I must try harder.\n\nA side note idea for as to why. People usually fail a lot before they succeed and a majority of those failures may be a product of themselves.\n If they know this and have any idea of pride and honor they may be filled with shame! Humbling them in both failures and successions.\n\nLike a old samurai atoning for his younger years of slaying. Even if successfully becoming a savior and a grandfather to a beautiful village. Would only continue to humble the old man."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
75ymum
|
product placement
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/75ymum/eli5_product_placement/
|
{
"a_id": [
"do9wkdq"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Music videos are themselves advertisements for a music artist. While there may be an issue advertising something in a video not recognized as an ad - such as a product view, short film, etc., advertising a product *within an obvious advertisement* is fair game."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
6mwj01
|
why does sound seem to lower in pitch the further away you are from the source?
|
For example, an ambulance siren passing you by or hearing headphones play music when you don't have them in.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6mwj01/eli5_why_does_sound_seem_to_lower_in_pitch_the/
|
{
"a_id": [
"dk4vl2g"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"[The dopplar effect] (_URL_0_) is an increase (or decrease) in the frequency of sound, light, or other waves as the source and observer move toward (or away from) each other. The effect causes the sudden change in pitch noticeable in a passing siren, as well as the redshift seen by astronomers.\n\nAlso, this is a physics question, not a biology question."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[
"https://youtu.be/h4OnBYrbCjY"
]
] |
|
3vclqm
|
why does turning on some appliances cause lights and computer screens to flicker? is this harmful to computers?
|
I have a small heating pad that I use, and every time I turn it on, my computer monitor goes out for a split second. I didn't think a heating pad used that much electricity...
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3vclqm/eli5why_does_turning_on_some_appliances_cause/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cxmncz1"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"This really shouldn't happen. It could be faulty wiring in your house, or some fuses could be the wrong type. It may be a good idea to get an electrician to look at it."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
2a6h9y
|
how unplugging and replugging my modem helps my internet connection.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2a6h9y/eli5_how_unplugging_and_replugging_my_modem_helps/
|
{
"a_id": [
"ciryi08",
"cirzyae",
"cis3yui",
"cis8a5w",
"cis8exx",
"cis8jne"
],
"score": [
4,
21,
5,
2,
5,
2
],
"text": [
"I could be wrong but i remember being told the answer to this a long time ago. It resets the circuits allowing the modem to make a fresh connection. Something about noise on the line or or \"static\" in the signal. No doubt i will be corrected and learn something new though.",
"Most modems have provision to reduce the data rate on the line if the error rate gets too high. Not all have the ability to try again later at a higher data rate, and revert if all is well. So each burst of interference on the line triggers your modem to reduce the data rate. To start again at a high rate, reset the modem by unplugging it for 15 secs or so. ",
"modems may have their memory flooded and fragmented by some inputs. this resets that.\n\nmodems may decide to switch into a slower and safer mode and not decide to switch back for many dumb reasons.",
"I think it has more to do with releasing/renewing of the routing tables.",
"It's actually because most modems, especially cable modems, bind the public IP address your ISP provides (a unique identifier like license plates on your car) to the MAC address (unique hardware identifier) on your router. If your router reboots or crashes, it will lose the public IP it received from your ISP, and then will ask your modem for a new IP. The modem will then say \"I already gave you one\" and refuse. Just like if you got license plates for your car, then walked back into the DMV and asked for a second set of plates for the same car - you would be refused.\n\nRebooting the modem releases the IP address-MAC association so that a new IP can be assigned to your router (just like if you got a new car and want new license plates for it).",
"imagine the modem essentially like a phone call, you take a simple electrical signal you pre-define the shape of, lets say its square. you then alter this signal by changing the shape, ( like when data is sent). and the other end picks up this data compares the altered signal to the original square sample and transfers the information back into the tradition 1's and 0's. and the device does what ever command you told it too.\n\nthis \"phone call\" is the internet connection, when you unplug the connection and reconnect, you can affect the addressing numbers ( the address numbers are like your phone number, just uniquely identifies you to locate where to send the data). if your connection is bad resetting, can fix it depending on what the problem is. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
1mh7p5
|
how do all popular drugs feel?
|
I've always wondered the actual feelings of things like coke, meth, heroin, ecstasy, etc.
Edit: Wow, you guys definitely do have stories. Thanks for sharing guys, this has been really interesting to read about. This wasn't out of desire to try, just pure curiosity. Anyone else have any stories/experiences, keep on posting.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1mh7p5/eli5_how_do_all_popular_drugs_feel/
|
{
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"cc99r2b",
"cc99zko",
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"cc9anjv",
"cc9asg0",
"cc9b7re",
"cc9bie6",
"cc9bkvl",
"cc9bvv9",
"cc9c1pq",
"cc9c3qs",
"cc9c7k6",
"cc9c8hr",
"cc9cszd",
"cc9cv9x",
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"cc9d94h",
"cc9dexq",
"cc9dk3u",
"cc9dpj0",
"cc9dtwd",
"cc9f8e9",
"cc9fdft",
"cc9fu1i",
"cc9g0v3",
"cc9g8rv",
"cc9h3lr",
"cc9hq2f",
"cc9ikgq",
"cc9k8v3",
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"cc9p4ee"
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397,
32,
26,
7,
105,
753,
2,
4,
3,
2,
25,
3,
55,
3,
3,
4,
17,
8,
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2,
66,
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2,
2,
2,
2,
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4,
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2,
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"text": [
"I've tried a worryingly long list of drugs but **Salvia** was one of the most intense and fun. \n\nThis will probably only mean something to UK redditors but after I inhaled and fell back into the pillow palace we had created, the insides of the van (which we were in) started to conform into a '4' like the Channel 4 between show intros. It was terrific. ",
"I have done a few, so I will try:\n\n**Marijuana**: There is a basic 'high' associated with any decent marijuana that makes you a little bit silly and I would say lessens whatever pressures you may be feeling. Worries can be really hard to get ahold of with marijuana in your system. From there it depends on circumstances and strains. Smoking with other people makes for more social experiences and lots of warm conversations, whoa-dude talk or jokes. Smoking alone can make for kind of intense focus and engagement but also hilariously bad recall. If you smoke some heavy indica, you are going to love your couch and you are 99% sure going to love the movie you just put on. Marijuana is the real \"rose tinted glasses\" drug, I would say. No real hangover, but you can be feeling pretty seedy, and if you've been blasting a long session you will have trouble with any mental tasks the next morning. Side effects include the munchies and dry-mouth, both of which are very real. *TLI5: Marijuana takes away your worries, and makes time with your friends pass in a haze of warmth and love. Nothing is really all that bad. Keep snack food on hand.* \n\n**Ecstasy**: A very manic kind of high. You know how sometimes your foot is tapping to a song and you are like totally nailing the drum line? Scale that up to some balling dance moves and that's ecstasy. Makes you really thirsty. Really alters your perception of risk/impulse control, especially on fundamental stuff like warmth, hydration, etc. Didn't do it much, didn't experience any kind of hangovers other than some physical soreness/stiffness, but I am a hydration freak. *TLI5: Ecstasy lets old people dance just like 5 year olds, and feel the same warmth to their fellow man.* \n\n**Cocaine**: Feels awesome, makes you feel awesome, makes you awesome. It is like your ego and your id get together to yell \"YOU CAN DO IT MOTHERFUCKER\". It feels a little strange (inhaled via nose) and I found myself getting kind of fascinated by my sinus passages shortly after doing it, including making odd croaky noises. Cocaine just makes you feel GOOD. I don't know how to describe it better. There isn't any hangover, other than that you're no longer awesome and probably don't have any coke. I have avoided it other than on special occasions because basically I'd love to do it all the time. *TLI5: This makes you feel like mom just gave you a juice box, dad just gave you a $5 bill and it's king of the castle at recess. And YOU. ARE. THE. KING.* \n\n\n**LSD**: I have never experienced any significant hallucinations on LSD despite being a pretty regular user in my youth. Lots of tracers, lots of color bleeds, palette swaps, etc - no flying unicorns beaming lasers down at me. However, I LOVE the feeling of acid. It provides you with a huge amount of energy, and a freakish ability to zero in on one task. You know who's good at Dave Mirra's BMX Racer? This guy, that's who. When he's on acid. It is really good to do in a group of close friends, because people feel safe and you can get a LOT of fun out of comparing everyone's now-very-different takes on reality. There is also a moderate euphoria, kind of like you get with marijuana - nowhere near Ecstasy, let alone coke. One of my friends was physically ill from LSD and a few have been ill toward the end of their trip or the morning after. I don't know what that's all about, I always feel great after my 16-hour post-acid sleep. Oh, also, you are not sleeping for 12 hours when you take decent acid. So if you take it at midnight, make plans for breakfast. *TLI5: The hallucinations are overstated in my experience, but it is a high-energy long-lasting buzz that does fun things with visuals.* \n\n\n**Magic Mushrooms**: I find the hallucinations from psilocybin mushrooms to be more mind blowing, but also curiously non-visual (for me). I find it very atmospheric, and with a lot of auditory hallucinations accentuating my present environment. Walks through graveyards are SPOOKY. It is like hiring a special effects technician to follow you around, almost. After watching a hitchcok film on mushrooms and going for a walk, you'll see people peering under their fedoras.... or you'll have the impression of that, but then when you really look you see they're just ballcaps...made of lizards... Does not keep me up as long as LSD, mostly consumed as a tea when I was a kid that did not taste very good, and super-giggly-gabby at least in my experience. Very motormouth, which always made it sketchy to get busted while high on them as you'd be like \"don't say i'm on mushrooms hey i'm on mushwait what did i?\" *TLI5: Mushrooms improve whatever you're doing by powering up your imagination, but you need to be sure to imagine good things!* \n\nEdit: Added \"Too long, I'm 5\"",
"Nothing can compare to the terror of a bad trip on mushrooms. Especially a high dose. Scariest thing by far to ever happen to me\n",
"This will explain ALL!\n\n_URL_0_",
"Coke reminds me of adderall, that only last from 15- 30 min. ",
"DMT: OMG WTF...THE COLORS ARE ENERGY, I CAN HEAR SMELLS...aaaand its gone.",
"Ex heroin junky here, this is what heroin is like. \n\nYou are stuck out on a park bench in the middle of December. You have no place to go, no family or friends, you've gotten all the money, and stolen items out of them that you can. You're cold, alone, you stink, but you don't have the energy or means to take a shower. Then somehow you procure enough money to buy a bag (generally by hooking other people up and ripping them off a bit, overcharging, etc.) So you go to your dealers, buy a bag, find some spot that is relatively closed off. (There have been exceptions to this, one time on a side walk I threw my coat over my upper body and did it with people a few feet from me.) You go through your ritual, get the shot prepared, spend 20 mins to an hour to find a vein that hasn't collapsed or shrunken from the cold, on once you register, and see that blood come back into the brownish tube, you push the plunger in and hope beyond hope you didn't miss. Then it happens. You start feeling warm, not actually warm but the kind of warm where you're cold and someone gives you the most comfortable blanket you've ever felt, and inside, underneath that brown blanket you realize \"Hey, my life's not so bad.\" Every worry you've ever had is gone, seemingly never to return. \"Ahh, this is nice.\" You think to yourself. \"I'm just going to take a quick nap, then get up and go shower at the Y.M.C.A, and then go apply at that job downtown I used to go to college for, what was that? Civil engineering maybe? Alright, twenty minutes then I'll get up.\"\n\n8 HOURS LATER:\n\nYou are stuck out on a park bench in the middle of December. You have no place to go, no family or friends...\n\nRinse and repeat. Everyday, for the rest of your life. That is what heroin is like. \n\n",
"Has anyone tried salvia? If so, can you describe the experience?",
"Coke. It's a fun high. But I want more 15 mins after I just did a superman sized line. So I'd say never start. ",
"cardinal rule when it comes to drugs: **drug A + drug B = ?!?!??!?!!**",
"I just want to mention that some people may not feel the effects that most people do. I have done my fair share of coke back in the day but I would just get quiet and chill or want to he alone with my thoughts, it was nice but annoyed the hell out of my friends. My experience with molly is similar to everyone elses and acid made me really introspective. Would love to know why coke has the opposite effect on me",
"mdma (xtc) : feels like falling in love. not with a person but just with your whole existence. you're full of energy, you feel positive. a dirty technoparty becomes a room full of interesting and beautifull people. you would like and will talk to anybody, everybody is super nice. the music fills you and you feel like dancing. you understand what the DJ means with these beats and that makes you happy.\n\n*edit: I must add something else; since this drug releases the chemicals (dopamine?) in your brain responsable for feeling good, after you can feel really empty, depressed and misserable. ",
"marijuana makes your brain feel fuzzy. I mean that in the most literal sense. Like your brain feels like a big fuzzy ball inside your head. ",
"I'll describe a few if you want.\n\nTo start I just want to say that I have had the privelage of trying some very pure forms of the drugs I list, I have also tried some very dirty forms, the difference in experience is very noticable. So my descriptions might be different from others who have not been so lucky with their sources.\n\n**MDMA** - Very pure MDMA is amazing, take all the good sides of street MDMA and amplify them: Feelings of bliss, love, peace, energy, happieness.\n\nThe purity also reduces the bad side effects that people assocaite with this chemical (and are in fact often the cause of various other chemicals being cut in). Yes you still have jaw movments but they are fairly mild (compared to the face tearing ones you can have off dirty pills), like I said you do have energy and a desire to dance, but this is not forced on you, and you can relax if you want. The purity also results in way less of a head fuck that you can expereince on dirty mdma, and you also have zero come down (you just feel a bit tired from lack of sleep).\n\n\n**LSD** - True LSD is beautiful, you trip is full of laughter, and at times you can feel like a little kid playing and having fun. You don't really hallucinate like the films show, but you do see a million patterns that can't really be described. Higher doses can, in my experience, result in the loss of ego, and other crazy things.\n\n\n**Cocaine** - Coke is one of the few drugs I haven't tried in a very pure form, I have tried some reasonable quality stuff, but due to my location and the type of drug it is, I won't pretend to have a fully formed opinion of it.\n\nSaying that in my experience coke is kinda shit. Don't get me wrong you feel like the absolute man! Confident, strong, energetic. But I think it lack soul, so I have to mix it to have a really good time.\n\nThe good news is, in my opinion, it mixes pretty well with any thing that isn't a psyhdelic. Coke and ketamine for example is unreal.\n\n\n**Ketamine** - K is a little bitch, I say that because it is the only drug I feel like I could get addicted to. Shit K is terrible, and I pity anyone who has only tried that stuff. Good ketamine though is amazing, you take your first little line and immediately shit goes mental. You body proportions get fucked up, you voice and face seems to change, you pains and worrys go away. As you go deeper your reality starts to break down. You concept of existence is fucked and there are questions so complicated inside you, that you can't even turn them in to words.\n\nK also fucks with how your brain interacts with the rest of your body, for example a thought enters your head that you want to say, e.g. Hey mate can you pass me a drink, and before you know it your mate has passed you one, even though you don't feel like that thought ever materialised into words.\n\nYou can also have a thought like \"I want another line\", and watch as your hands (seemingly of there own accord) rack you up a line.\n\n\nAnyway that is a few examples of what I have tried, the list goes on and includes: Weed, Mushrooms, DMT, 4-aco-dmt, 2c-b, 2c-i, MXE, and more\n\nIf anyones interested I will give my views on these.\n\nAnd sorry for the shit spelling, I haven't got a dictionary enabled.",
"Honestly, descriptions of the extreme sensations you feel on the popular drugs is not really possible. Yes, there are certain things that most drug users will agree on -- but to actually describe the feeling...\n\nIt's like trying to describe the sky to a blind child. ",
"Ecstasy makes you feel warm. You have so much love to give to everyone there is that you feel like you're going to burst from it, you can dance and dance and dance it makes you happier every time you move. Everything that happens is okay, because life is beautiful, you are beautiful, your friends are beautiful and you know that are so so lucky be alive. Be careful with drinking with it though, you'll feel like a fucking train wreck next morning. ",
"_URL_0_ read all of the trip reports\n\nDPH (dramamine/gravol) - I experienced the following : Voices whispering to me, got extremely annoyed and almost broke my tv, horrible cotton mouth, felt like I was wearing cement blocks on my feet, my reflection in the mirror talked to me for about 20 minutes, ended up having a full blown hallucination and saw myself in the 3rd person. People tend to see spiders,shadow people and smoke imaginary cigarettes.",
"I'll skip marijuana, since it really varies for lots of people and on what you smoke. I can either be mellow as hell, starry eyed and childish, or stuck in a thought-loop about something negative. \n\nEcstasy/Molly/MDMA: first, there's a difference between Molly and tabs. I'll let you google that to see what. I'm going to talk about Molly, I was an x-head back in my heyday. It's not really an energetic, rushing sensation as much as it's an overwhelming awareness of your senses. Music feels/sounds good, wind feels good, food practically explodes in your mouth (what you do manage to eat, Skittles were my favorite). It makes you very empathetic to other people's moods and thoughts. If you take it with close friends, you might not even need to talk, just enjoying each other's company is enough. And with strangers, they're a new friend. It's visual, too. Lights, colors, and movement are enhanced, but also blurred (the tracer effect). Sadly, nothing is ever quite as good as the first time...\n\nLSD: My other favorite. To me, every sense was run through a filter, then the bizarre meter was turned to 11. You stay pretty conscious of what is going on, but what is going on is messing with your head in the coolest way imaginable. Once, I went to the sink to get a glass of water, and when I turned on the faucet, I heard alien voices coming out. Colors and textures morph in front of you. It's really hard to describe, it's like an alternate reality imposed on our usual one, like it's bleeding through and you just never noticed it before. The outdoors is the best setting IMO, with some mellow, spacey music (or doom metal, if you're me). Acid was always a really peaceful experience for me, and I never came back from a trip the same. The \"fry\" afterwards is also a completely different experience, it's like your thoughts don't happen without tons of effort, so why bother? Let's just veg out and watch the sunrise. \n\nCocaine: Both regular and crack varieties. Vanilla cocaine is... Meh, in my opinion. It's the most hyper, chatty, let's-go-go-GO twenty minutes of your life. I managed to do my fair share of it, for not liking it much. It's definitely a party drug. Crack cocaine is pretty much the same, times thirty, and hits instantly (cocaine can take a few minutes if you snort it). TL;DR: Powder cocaine = \"Woo party!\" And crack = \"I AM MOTHERFUCKING GOD!\" *twitch*\n\nMeth: pretty much reminded me of crack, a little bit more mellow on the outside, but the same atom bomb in your brain. Also, geeking. I arranged carpet pills by size, then texture, then hue... \n\n(Obviously I'm not big into stimulants, moving on to...)\n\nHeroin: Only did it once, and I smoked it. I liked it so much I was afraid to ever do it again. it's really hard to describe, like a half-conscious, lucid dream. I remember how heavy I felt, especially in my stomach, but I was floating, at the same time. It was like completely detaching myself from my body and my surroundings. \n\nPCP: Done it twice, on accident. Always know who you get your weed from, kids. Both times were probably the most bizarre. Everything turns into static, and my perspective skewed 90 degrees. I lost control of my limbs and kept knocking shit over, and details around me were popping out of the static. Then I heard a voice, and I turned and looked in a corner of the room I was in, and legit saw a demon. I wasn't scared or freaking out, but according to my girlfriend at the time I went from stumbling around to standing stock still and staring. She walked me to the car and as we started to drive, the headlights of the other cars had a \"wormhole\" effect, and I was on the windshield, feeling and hearing the wind. I turned around and saw myself sitting there, staring catatonic past the window. Eventually, I kind of floated back into myself and fell asleep for a good half hour. I woke up fairly back to normal, but kind of dazed and jittery. After that for almost two years I would get \"stuck,\" where I would go into a thousand yard stare, and if someone touched me or raised their voice to snap me out of it, I would come out swinging. That shit fucked me up. The second time was within a few months of the first (must have been going around town), and was pretty much the same experience but not as intense. I knew what had happened that time as soon as it hit. Stay far away from dust/sherm/wet. \n\nLast one and best stories, salvia: this was actually the first drug I ever really did and solidified my love of psychedelics. I'll keep it short and simple: I had a really high concentration of quality stuff, a Roor, and a butane lighter. Took a big lungful, held it for about five seconds, exhaled, then finished off the bowl. When I exhaled the second time, I fell backwards onto the pre-prepared \"landing pad\" of pillows. I was in an impressionist painting, I think it's a Monet, where the boats are coming into a harbor. That paint effect was what I saw. Very two dimensional, but moving. And according to my babysitter, I rolled into her kitchen, grabbed a spatula off the counter, and started \"rowing\" myself across the floor, giggling like a maniac. The second time was the same place, same set-up, with a bigger audience. My babysitter opened the window as soon as I exhaled and fell back, and according to her I told her, in between giggles, to shut it because everyone's soul was escaping. I saw strings of yellow light coming out of everyone's chest, including my own,and floating out the window. Everyone looked like time had stopped, we were all floating, and everything else had faded away into space, except the window. I more or less fell quiet because god damn, that's awesome. ",
"[Bryan Saunders draws pictures of himself in different drug states, representing that drug state.](_URL_0_)\nThey're a real insight into what they do to you both physically and mentally.",
"Ecstasy/MDMA: Inhibitions are drastically reduced, but you still think logically. You're energetic, up for dancing, hugging, interacting with people, having the time of your life. You're filled with an unsurpresable feeling of love and adoration for everyone and everything. Any hint of social anxiety disappears. You still know boundaries however, so you tend to do less stupid shit than if you were drunk. This is what I've found, but isn't universally true. \n\nKetamine: Mounting feeling of disconnectedness between what you feel from your senses (touch, mainly) and what you logically think you should feel. Resting your leg on your other leg feels wierd. You get increasingly \"simple\". You lose the ability to think about situations quickly, so working out what is going on and choosing a course of action is kinda tricky. There's definitely a warm, comforting aspect to it too. Ketamine is a tranquiliser/dissociative, so the higher the dose, the closer you are to being fully anaesthetised - when outside stimuli (sight, touch, smell etc) don't register in your brain at all, and you're only conscious of what is happening in your head. This is sometimes referred to as a \"K-Hole\". Some find this terrifying, while others (including me) can find the experience enjoyable.\n\nCannabis: I struggle to describe the feeling attained from cannabis. It's nice, not nearly as profound or powerful as other recreational drugs, but the only one I am comfortable doing on a regular basis. I think describing \"stonedness\" is better left to someone with a better way with words than me. Or just smoke a joint. \n\nCocaine: Energetic, comparable to Ecstasy/MDMA, but instead of the \"outpouring of love for everyone and everything\", it's a more self-serving, I-feel-like-a-fucking-god type of thing. The first time I tried cocaine in conjunction with LSD, I felt like a 10ft tall demigod of hugs. \n\n\"All popular drugs\" is a very broad range for your question. Comparing the effects of cannabis and cocaine is like comparing a kiddy pool to a space rocket. On that scale I guess MDMA would be a hot tub full of beautiful naked people and glitter.",
"I did a fair few in my time, so this is my personal experience. I'd preface this by saying that I don't particularly recommend the use of drugs to anyone - they're something I did, and whilst I'm not particularly ashamed of it in any way, I'm done with them now. \n\n**Marijuana** Varies depending on the type you get. Where I was from there were two basic types - rocky and weed. Rocky was a very impure form of hash that came in a brown lump and had a very harsh taste. The high was quite heavy, it made you very tired, but also relaxed and comfortable. Proper hash had more of a 'buzz', so basically the same thing but without the tiredness, which I guess came from the impurities in the cuts of bad hash. Weed is not a cut mixed with resin, but an actual plant, and has a bit more of a 'lighter' high, and is more hallucinogenic. Not that it compares to something like LSD, but colours appear more vibrant, and it can allow you to get more enjoyment out of visual entertainment like bad films and computer games. It also lowers your blood sugar levels, so you get a craving for sugary foods - this is the \"munchies\" people talk about, but personally I would say that alcohol makes you much more hungry than weed does - the weed munchies just generally give you a craving for sweets, biscuits, etc. Its main downfall is that it's not a particularly intense high, so it lends itself to heavy usage over long periods of time, and since it amplifies the enjoyment gotten from stuff like films and games, a lot of stoners become bums who do nothing but watch DVDs and play Smash Bros, satisfied with their normal, boring life. I'm not saying that all pot smokers are like this, but I've seen far too many people who smoke loads of weed become boring layabouts and those who quit become more active to not think that there's some correlation. Also, many people who use heavily tend to experience very severe anxiety and depression, especially young people. In moderation, I think it's pretty harmless, but the fact that it's not an intense high makes some people think its heavy use is ok, and some stoners even compare smoking a joint to having a cup of tea, which is in my opinion totally the wrong way to look at it. It's a drug with consequences, like all others.\n\n**Ecstasy** Tends to diminish in intensity the more you take it - the first time is extremely intense indeed. When I used to take it it was generally acknowledged that there were several types of drug that one could expect to get in the pill, which would affect the high. Some were more 'speedy', and energetic, whereas others would be more hallucinogenic and others would be more social and make people overly affectionate towards each other. The latter is MDMA, which is generally what most people take nowadays, and pure MDMA powder is a much more common alternative to ecstasy tablets these days. MDMA has an extremely intense 'coming up' period where there is a very sudden rush of energy coupled with intense euphoria. It's not uncommon for peoples eyes to roll back and start vibrating on particularly intense coming up sessions, which looks very unsightly, but only lasts a couple of minutes, and you're never really not in control of your situation, and the rush of seratonin prevents you from being scared of what's going on. It's like a rollercoaster. Afterwards you tend to feel extremely positive about your current situation and the people around you. You see people in a different light - their best one. Even people you previously couldn't stand you think are totally a-ok, and this leads to people on MDMA being extremely irritating to everyone else not on it - because they're over complimentary, don't shutup and won't leave you alone. The best part for me of an MDMA high is easily the things it does to music. Listening to music on MDMA is a practically spiritual experience, and it's impossible to describe just how much better music sounds when you're on the drug. It makes you feel like you finally 'get' what the artist was going for, and you experience it on a multisensory level. Also, some of the more hallucinogenic highs coupled with the sudden rush of energy makes going for walks in the dark extremely fun - you feel like you could go forever, and you're seeing strange things. Ecstasy is a lot of fun.\n\n**Speed** However, is the single worst drug I've ever taken and I would not recommend it to anybody. It's kind of what schools tell you all drugs are - it's usually extremely impure, and leaves you with an extraordinarily bad comedown that makes eating impossible and can last for days. The high is nothing special, and it's essentially just fuel. You have lots of energy and you don't really know what to do with it. Definitely not worth it.\n\n**Cocaine** Is kind of like speed but with the rough edges taken off. It's a very uncomplicated drug, it just gives you a burst of energy and confidence - you not only don't have any social anxiety, but you go the entire opposite way and think you're actually pretty fucking fantastic. This burst of confidence turns some people into total wankers, and being around a coked up person who is already pretty arrogant is one of the most unpleasant social experiences you could imagine. On the other hand, it can provoke good conversation when done with some decent friends, and there's nothing particularly distinctive about it. Its main downsides are that it's super-expensive and the high from a line only lasts about 30-40 minutes, meaning you have to frequently line-up and do it again. Once you start to come down off a coke high, about 30-40 minutes after a line, the addictive need to have more is quite extreme, and I've seen people become that guy who follows around the guy with coke literally begging for another line. I've been that guy myself once or twice, and you feel like a total moron the next day, but the addictive quality is very extreme. \n\n**LSD** I only did this once and it was pretty much indescribable, and still ranks as one of the best nights of my life. We were a group of about 12 people trying it for the first time, and the only real explanation of it would be a moment-by-moment recount of the night itself, which would be boring to you guys, but suffice to say LSD really is a drug that takes you on a 'trip' - the night has its own narrative, with plots, sub-plots, acts and whatnot that only make sense to the people on the trip. You'll have private stories you can talk to each other about for years that won't make sense to other people, because they are entirely about self-referential descriptions of the sensory qualities of the drug. It blends yours senses into one, and emotions are experienced at a multi-sensory level. This makes the bad trip problem pronounced - if you're having a bad time, you don't just feel it - you see it and smell it. Luckily the time I had it was absolutely brilliant, but I wouldn't try it again - I got what I wanted out of it and have no desire to go back. Many people associate LSD with \"seeing things that aren't there\" which is kind of true, but generally you just see stuff imposed onto what's already there - walls breathing, blank walls looking like they are adorned with graffiti, carpets swirling, etc. Besides, the visuals are really just ancillary to the LSD experience, which is a multisensory journey into a reality distinct from the real world. At the time, we all described it as like going pleasantly insane for a few hours. Also, time slows down immensely - 10 minutes feels like an hour.\n\n**Magic Mushrooms** Kind of similar to LSD, except less intense, more hazy and calm. I've had one bad trip on mushrooms which was quite unpleasant, but nothing life-shattering, and was rectified by just changing surroundings. You still get taken on a 'trip' but it lasts for a shorter period of time (4-6 hours) and the sensory overload is less pronounced.\n\nThat's my summing up of my experiences with these drugs, and they're probably not the same as everyone else's. I have some fond memories of my recreational drug use, but I know nowadays that I'm completely out of it and much prefer just a beer or a glass of wine to a nutty all-night MDMA session.",
"A body high from marijuana feels like stretching in the morning after a good night's sleep.",
"I have a completely different impression of coke. It's probably the most worthless drug I've ever done, (and I've done a lot of them.) It's basically like meth, only you feel a little more tingly, and after about 15 minutes, you just want more. Then, nothing is adequate. If you smoke cigarettes, they taste like ash and aren't satisfying. Drinking a beer tastes like mud and doesn't give you a buzz. You have no desire to eat. And your mind is usually too centered to sleep. Eventually, you either do more coke and stay awake, trudge through the desire, or drink enough to tranquilize yourself, fall asleep, and wake up with braindrain.",
"I think he meant how do they feel all at once...",
"Probably feels like you're failing at life",
"Lipitor - very popular. Didn't really feel anything. My dad felt very happy after taking it when his cholesterol went down so I guess your mileage may vary.",
"METH- Alot like cocain, depends on how you use it. I've never smoked it but I've heard its more intense than just snorting it. You feel fast, really fast. You're invincible and nothing can stand in your way, then incredible headaches followed by a whole body shitty feeling. ",
"MDMA: When you take it there will be a period from between a half an hour up to possibly even two hours if you ate a big fat meal right before and have a slow metabolism. Just remember that this friend of yours who got you the pill and smokes more weed and eats more pills than you almost certainly knows what he's doing and you should take some precautions. When you start coming up it starts with a 'tickle' and 10 maybe 15 minutes later you can feel an electric force of warmth and love run through your body. There's a good chance that you'll be a little overwhelmed by it at first. That is why you should not do this around people who disapprove of m. As with all other highs it's hard to put the feeling into words so here's my best shot: You feel as if you're surfing on a wave of un-diluted love, water tastes almost like air and your emotions stick out of the usual box container like needles on a porcupine. Your spirit is at an all time high. Dancing, partying and just all round having fun all comes so naturally. Then you're riding another wave of love in about 1 hour but this one is not as warm, it maintains the mood but doesn't lift you up. Some 1 hour after that you feel this foreign warmth course through you one last time and then you're down. This is usually where i reach for a rolling paper and some gringo. I don't really recommend MDMA although it is demonized that doesn't exactly make it good. If you plan on doing it i've got one advice for you and one advice only: Don't re-dose. Don't you ever go chasing that chemical love into the night because the comedown gets so much worse. If you do you can cause long-lasting damage to your memory and the tolerance build-up is so much that chasing the high is like chasing a ghost for all it's worth. I've done it about 10 times since 2010, never re-dosed and i have mj to thank for that",
"Special K: snort a nice line of ketamine. Damn I'm cold, so relaxed. Everything is turning blue and so small. Woah, I'm in a blue tunnel, everything sounds like waves of static. My skin itches. Damn that was quick. Oh, I've been out cold for an hour? Better do some more k.",
"I have tried LSD twice and honestly this is the beset way to describe it:\n\nImagine you just woke up from being awake and the world is like 9 different crystals forming and unforming before your eyes, and everything you do is like COMPLETELY different than how you normally do it. Standing feels like running, and sitting feels like watching tv. Your eyes physically are unable to stay focused on any one thing. The world is like narnia. Nothing you previously understood really makes much sense. Texts messages look like russian. The walls you always thought were green could very well be a light shade of pink. It is so profound and nearly impossible to put into words. This is the best I can do.But i took 3 hits my first time, prolly why this happened.",
"I can answer for some of them.\n\nWeed: You get drowzy, lazy sometimes and very giggly. Your thoughts get really wierd. Not wierd as in scary, just fun and you have an easier time explaining your thought process.\n\nEcstasy: You pop a pill or MDMA in toilet paper and swallow it with water.\nYou wait another 40-60 minutes and BAM. Happy and awesome feelings starts to spread in your body. It feels like good feelings just pulse in your body every 5 seconds or so.\nYou got nothing to worry about, all the people around you are AWESOME people, you can talk to them about ANYTHING because you got nothing to worry about and you just feel sooo fucking good.\n\nYou become a social genius. You can have conversations REALLY easy and since you got nothing to worry about, you wont feel awkward.\nAND you have this urge to dance.\n\nCoke: You're on top of the world, pretty much. You are THE best guy/girl and nothing can stop you.\n\nShrooms: This is wierd fucking drug, but its awesome nonetheless. You eat the shrooms that taste like shit, wait for up to an hour and up until it kicks in you should get as comfy and calm as you can.\nYou first start to feel like you're drunk but its just in your body. You get a bit clumsy and heavy.\n\nThen the visuals starts to kick in. You know when you put the TV on and its just a black and white blurr? You get a faded version of that, but with ALL the colors all the time.\nYou kinda get HD vision wich helps you notice pretty much everything around you. You pretty much see ALL the shadows in the room and at the same time everything moves as it was waves wich makes everything look very alive.\n\nYou see different fractal patterns everywhere. Your thoughts get really wierd and you start to question alot of things.\nYou also start to notice ALOT about yourself. I for one have come to the conclusion all the times Ive taken shrooms that people are just a floating brain controlling a body. This might be obvious to some of you, but you really feel it when youre on shrooms.\n\nThe best description I can give you is that you become a child again. Everything is fascinating and you might have a hard time understanding easy stuff. We tried to play cards once, and that has to be the hardest thing Ive ever done.",
"My dad worked in probation when he was young, and had his share of drug users on his caseload. One of them once explained what heroin was like this way:\n\n\"Do you remember Christmas morning when you were a kid, and you came out of your room in your warm pajamas and saw that Christmas tree all lit up with colored lights and presents underneath it, and how wonderful that made you feel? That's what heroin feels like.\"",
"I done pretty much all of these more than once and here are my experiences.\n\n Ecstasy: you basically feel a rush of happiness and need to move, you feel so good. \n\nCoke: you feel a rush that everything that needs to be done in your life is easily and enjoyably accomplishable in that moment. Everything is eye of the tiger, get that shit done mode. \n\nI actually have never tried meth. \n\nI've only done liquid heroin aka monkey water but my experience was that after you feel the initial warmth it's a straight shot to feeling what heaven is like. You feel like everything that would make you happy can be done in that hour and nothing could ruin that. But only for those short 8 hours. \n\nMarijuana: nothing in the world isn't enjoyable when your high on weed. You feel small Victories like figuring out that you can heat up cookies In the microwave and they make you feel like Einstein. It's a beautiful thing. \n\nAcid: when you drop acid it isn't as crazy as you might think. Everything is really colorful and beautiful and you feel like you are floating and dancing to your favorite song except you're only sitting still. You look down and your legs that are dangling from the bunk bed start extending to the floor and you look at your friend and he just says cool and you start to cry from laughing. \n\nShrooms: after you eat them and then throw up from the initial stomach ache you start noticing weird things. Like maybe that tree just turned around but then it all seems normal. I started to talk to a shrub about life and then it called me a faggot and that made me upset but then the sidewalk below me told me everything would be alright and to not worry. Yeah shrooms are weird. Well that's all the drugs that I've taken lol",
"Nitrous: Okay, balloon is filled, inhale balloon, exhale back into balloon, repeat 10 times. AAWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWYYEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH aaaaand it's gone.",
"Alcohol - yes it is a drug. It produces a sloppy feeling of self-worth, egotism and euphoria. A wonderful social drug, people become more talkative and friendly,lower their inhibitions and tend to be more open to new experiences. Can also have the adverse effect of making people more violent, angry or bitter. Best not to overdose. The comedown lasts 3-24 hours, commonly called a hangover, due to your body processing the impurities (sugars) out of the intoxicant.\nAlcohol, surprisingly, is the only drug whose\nWithdrawal can kill you. Your body becomes\nPhysically addicted and requires it to function, and when it finally gets it all, you bleed out the ass until you die. Not even heroin withdrawal is that bad.\n\nWeed - depending on the strain, being a sativa or indica or hybrid can produce feelings of euphoria, a body high, lethargy and unbridled creative thoughts. Early on, it screws with the temporal experience and can make time seem to move slowly. Come down is gradual and painless, though can produce a 'burnt' feeling that can last hours, or in early cases, days.\n\nCocaine- produces a numbing effect to the mouth, teeth and throat. Has the tendency to create a numbing 'drip' that comes 5-15 minutes after snorting. Instant rush of energy, euphoria and alertness. People become talkative, smiley and jittery. After prolonged use, the comedown is mind numbing, suicidal and awful. This tends to give way to the idea that it is addictive - people fend off these bad feelings with more, or crave coke when they're drunk. After time the come down replaces the good feeling and most people quit cold turkey.\n\nOpiates/heroin- there is a sliding scale of opioid effect that ranges from mild prescription drug effect to full blown gonna ruin your life level high. Vicodin, Percocet, etc all are small amounts of opiate mixed in with other numbing agents used to mask pain for healing purposes. When you leave the realm of tiny pills and enter the world that has things like oxy- in them, you are stepping into the world of life ruiners. Oxy and roxy based drugs produce a profound, buzzing body high that goes alongside the above users explanation of a warm blanket. Depending on dosage - 40,50,80 mg, the effect changes and becomes more pronounced. The human body rejects most of the drug and builds up a tolerance against it very quickly and prolonged use means increased dosage. It has been shown, however, that never increasing your dosage of opiates will not kill you, as opposed to alcohol, thus leading to some misguided people to say alcohol is worse for you than heroin. Sort of true but not really. \nWhen you enter into actual heroin, you are taking out all of the side agents that fill a pill\nAnd going straight to the active ingredient. Heroin produces intense body high, a warming feeling, your brain relaxes and releases a lot of dopamine which makes you forget your troubles, you have a buzzing inner ear sort of thing going on and you are generally incapable of doing basic tasks, like holding your drool in. When it stops, you immediately want more, even your first time. Some say its better than sex, I disagree but it's on that level of good. Don't do it. \n\nSpeed/methamphetamine - depending on method, onset takes a few seconds to minutes. Produces intense energy, misguided focus and euphoria. Can last anywhere between 3-72 hours. As the drug depletes the actual energy you are running on you get sweaty, confused and lose a sense of temporal understanding. Imagine jet lag or extreme exhaustion but running on some strange adrenaline. \n\nNitrous oxide - whip its, a fun add on to other drugs. By replacing the pure oxygen that usually gets to your brain with some part of nitrous oxide, you rob your brain of an essential ingredient and it produces a high that last under a minute, is best described as \"whomp-whomp-whomp.\" Never do a whip it standing. The come down is immediate and you want more, but don't do too many. Do do one or two when on Molly or acid, though. It's pretty fun.\n\nMushrooms - depending on dosage, effect can produce anything from visual hallucinations to a simple body high akin to marihuana. In the 1-2 gram range, a user can be energized, euphoric and in a party sort of mood. 3-5 grams tends to produce strong visual hallucinations and a tendency for users to be unable to speak coherently, and the experience is largely spiritual and introverted. Bad trips tend to come from overdosage where a user wanted to be social but instead was paralyzed by the experience. Last 4-10 hours and when it's over it's like waking up from a nap.\n\nLSD- the creme de la creme of hallucinogens. Produces strong body high similar to the feeling of being in a comfy bed about to sleep but very awake. its a high where things become more pronounced - a simple touch can feel wonderful, like ecstasy which ill get to in a few. Dosage can range from 100-500 micrograms, the effect being stronger and longer with more. Acid produces strong visuals in waves or Fibonacci sequences, and the overall experience can be enlightening and many users tend to view the world thereafter with a different understanding. The most common reflection is an understanding of the interwoven nature of the universe - lysergic tends to make a user aware of a bigger picture. I personally divide the world into two types of people - those who have done acid and those who have not. The drug lasts a long time, and it is difficult to sleep on. Best to allot 24 hours to the experience and comedown. \n\nEcstasy/MDMA- ecstasy being MDMA with speed in it, MDMA produces empathy, lovey feelings as well as the pronouncement of simple feelings and senses. Euphoria and a rush of deep seated body highs, for instance deep breaths can be amazing or the taste of gum. Some visuals appear, lights brighter and some trails but not on the level of mushrooms, lsd or dmt. The comedown is similar to acid- not unpleasant but long and the energy stays with you long after the effects wear off. Again, allot 12-16 hours to let it run its course.\n\n2ci/2cb- two separate incarnations of drugs designed to mimic lsd without being technically so. When taken separately they can produce a body high, a sense of community or slight hallucinations. Taken together I call it digital acid. Come down is more like mushrooms and its weird. Some people can't stand it. I once had auditory hallucinations from it and that's weird.\n\nDMT- the strongest hallucinogen known to man. Not for the inexperienced. Lasts 30 minutes, and literally transports you to a different realm of existence. Best done with an experienced user or shaman; do not do it without proper research because it will change your perception of everything. Best used ritualistically and never as a party drug. \n\nAlways do research. Always. Never do something addictive unless you acknowledge to yourself that you are running the risk. Take each drug with an adventurous spirit, searching for what it feels like. Always remind yourself it's a drug and it will wear off. Listen to the Beatlea - Abbey Road during bad trips.",
"MDMA: Everything feels amazing, music sounds like you are hearing it for the first time while climbing to the top of Mount Everest, you are a king. It is like all 5 senses are stronger on MDMA, I love it.",
" > This wasn't out of desire to try, just pure curiosity.\n\nI'm pretty sure that's how most people start."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[
"http://www.erowid.org/psychoactives/psychoactives.shtml"
],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[
"erowid.org"
],
[],
[
"http://bryanlewissaunders.org/drugs/"
],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
672svh
|
why is is that people who don't make much money always have so many kids?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/672svh/eli5_why_is_is_that_people_who_dont_make_much/
|
{
"a_id": [
"dgn75l1",
"dgn794p"
],
"score": [
2,
2
],
"text": [
"I have always wondered this about third world countries. I mean no one should be denied the right to raise a child but there is a point where you need to be able to look after yourself before you take on the responsibility of a child. And i know it can happen after the child is born and i do feel sorry for those people ",
"Remember that in America at least, there are huge tax incentives to have kids. I work at a credit union, and it's not uncommon to see $5,000+ tax returns. I've seen two for around $8,000. \n\nI have a relative that has kids for the child support and tax refunds that they provide. She doesn't worry about how much the kids will cost, because child support and the government enables those kinds of parents. \n\nDont forget also that the same people that don't put much thought into planning out their birth control probably aren't the type to sit and plan out their finances. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
||
viagh
|
why is cold water refreshing?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/viagh/eli5_why_is_cold_water_refreshing/
|
{
"a_id": [
"c54r55l",
"c559760"
],
"score": [
6,
3
],
"text": [
"The same reason you sweat: it cools you off. Cold water helps keep our body temperatures where they should be when you're overheated and dehydrated.",
"It causes the blood vessels in your skin to contract, and this, in turn effects the nerves, causing a pleasing sensation."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
||
9uhmq2
|
how does the body determine if a scab or a blister is needed to heal a wound?
|
[deleted]
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/9uhmq2/eli5_how_does_the_body_determine_if_a_scab_or_a/
|
{
"a_id": [
"e94ayoe",
"e94h5s1"
],
"score": [
3,
2
],
"text": [
"A blister is caused from friction, allowing a pocket of liquid to help heal the epidermis. A scab is the skin healing itself from a wound such as a cut or scratch. ",
"And in any case, the body doesn't determine IF it's needed. Blood coagulates (to form a scab) in contact with oxygen in the air, and blisters form because the cells deeper under the skin surface have been squished and damaged. These are automatic responses, always happen. There's no \"decision.\""
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
|
3kk59i
|
why does garbage day getting pushed back a day actually change anything? wouldn't this mean they work on some other day they normally have off?
|
Or is it just that they offer overtime for the rest of the week and work longer hours?
It just seems to me like they're taking a day off to work a different day off since the amount of houses needing their garbage taken out doesn't change.
If they offer overtime though, that makes sense. I'm just curious!
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3kk59i/eli5_why_does_garbage_day_getting_pushed_back_a/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cuy6m2g"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Many places also have different days for garbage pick up in different areas. To save on the number of workers, they split their area and do pickups each day but in different areas. \n\nIf services was pushed back a day long term than the schedule readjusts. A one-time or short-term pickup change would result in either having to bring on extra workers or working on a previously scheduled day off. Doing either is expensive. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
1kwcmr
|
3d that doesn't require glasses, like the nintendo 3ds
|
So I'm wondering how the 3D on the Nintendo 3DS works specifically (as I own one), or any other 3D device that doesn't require glasses. I know that it has to do with multiple screens but that's where my knowledge ends.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1kwcmr/eli5_3d_that_doesnt_require_glasses_like_the/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cbt9gly"
],
"score": [
18
],
"text": [
"It works because the LCD screen on a 3DS is not your conventional LCD. It uses a technique that basically splits the images sent to each eye based on the angle the eye is to the display. You know those funky strips that changes the picture when you move it? (also super fun to scratch and make those sounds) It's a similar effect, only your brain interprets the result as 3D even though it isn't in the sense of everyday objects that you can hold."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
2dtq3b
|
the ice bucket challenge. why are they doing that and what is it suppose to accomplish?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2dtq3b/eli5_the_ice_bucket_challenge_why_are_they_doing/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cjt970k"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"People saying its stupid haven't researched it much. It was actually a brilliant viral marketing campaign for a worthy charity. When you get challenged you have the option to pour a bucket of ice water over your head, or donate $100 to researching treatments and cures to a neurological disease called ALS (Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis). Or you can do both.\n\nSo far, **thanks to the ice bucket challenge the ALS charity has raised over $2 million**, which is pretty awesome, and an example of just how powerful viral marketing techniques can be.\n\nIf you want to know what ALS is, it is a disease that affects nerves in your brain and spinal cord and leads to paralysis and eventually death. That $2 million can be raised to fight this disease because of people challenging their friends to pour ice buckets over their heads is pretty great."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
1qp7dw
|
the republican alternative to "obamacare"
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1qp7dw/eli5_the_republican_alternative_to_obamacare/
|
{
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"cdf133h",
"cdf1ogs",
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"cdf3xwy",
"cdf4p8c",
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"cdfexr5"
],
"score": [
11,
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44,
3,
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21,
6,
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2
],
"text": [
"Republicans prefer the status quo prior to Obamacare: if you're sick and don't have insurance, they want you to go to the emergency room. Republicans don't want to expand medicare or medicaid, and don't support private insurance subsidies for the poor. ",
"In 2008 McCain offered a 5,000 tax credit per family to help purchase insurance. This was the alternative proposed during the campaign. ",
"The Republicans don't have an 'alternative' because the basis of 'Obamacare' is the original Republican idea that was instituted in Massachusettes. If memory serves, this was an idea born out of the Heritage institute, a conservative think tank.\n\nThey now state that they're problem with it is that it was never meant to be instituted on a Federal scale.",
"'Obamacare' is the Republican plan! They just disagree with everything the Dems do.",
"Legalize the buying and selling of insurance across state lines. For the same reason that food would be more expensive if it were illegal to import it into any state, health insurance is more expensive because it is illegal to import it. Car insurance, life insurance, rental insurance, and every other type of insurance is purchasable across state lines, and the very point of the Constitution was to eliminate interstate trade barriers.\n_URL_0_",
"The answer will depend on the Republican.\n\nSome Republicans do not think the federal government has any business dealing with health care--they think that, for Constitutional reasons, it should be handled at the state level. Some people get confused by the fact that Romneycare (Massachussets) is very similar to Obamacare. The big important difference is that Romneycare was instituted at the state level. Some Republicans objected to it anyway, on cost or implementation grounds, but nobody doubted that states have the *authority* to implement such plans.\n\nSome Republicans are okay with the federal government having a hand in health care, and favor regulations making it possible to buy insurance across state lines. As I understand it, this is becoming the favored \"alternative\" in Congress right now. \n\nRealistically, however, Obamacare will continue with tweaks rather than ever actually getting replaced, and some Republicans are coming around to this. The question now is whether Obamacare is a \"stepping stone\" toward a single payer system, or whether the problems it has encountered have sapped the political will of the American people sufficiently that we are stuck with Obamacare, for better or for worse, for the next few decades at least.",
"Yes, there is an alternative.\nI'm surprised nobody's mentioned HR 2300:\n_URL_0_\n\nViable or not, don't ask me. I haven't read it. Herman Cain keeps talking about it.",
"The American Health Care Reform Act (HRCA) is a bill drafted by the Republican Study Committee (a conservative caucus consisting of most House Republicans) designed to replace \"Obamacare\" in the event of that law's repeal. The HRCA uses free market reforms in an effort to increase competition, decrease costs, and improve access to health care. To be clear, there are other policies that other Republicans would like to include. However, the HRCA just includes the ones most widely agreed upon by the GOP. Here are the major points of reform (I've edited the points included in the RSC's summary to simplify and be less partisan):\n\n* Full repeal of the ACA, eliminating taxes and regulations which increase health care costs.\n\n* Spur competition to lower health care costs by allowing Americans to purchase health insurance across state lines and enabling small businesses to pool together and get the same buying power as large corporations.\n\n* Reform medical malpractice laws in a way that limits trial lawyer fees and non-economic damages while maintaining protections for patients.\n\n* Tax reform that allows families and individuals to deduct health care costs, just like companies, leveling the playing field and providing all Americans with a standard deduction for health insurance.\n\n* Expand access to Health Savings Accounts (HSAs), increasing the amount of pre-tax dollars individuals can deposit into portable savings accounts to be used for health care expenses.\n\n* Help individuals with pre-existing conditions attain health insurance by bolstering state-based high risk pools and extending HIPAA guaranteed availability protections. (HIPAA is basically a lengthy, complicated, Clinton-era series of health care reforms.)\n\nThe bill would also eliminate federal funding for abortions. ([Source.](_URL_0_))\n\nAlso, many people seem to be suggesting that \"Obamacare\" is a Republican policy. While certain elements of the policy may have, at times, been affiliated with specific conservative leaning think tanks and policy makers, the Republican party has not endorsed such a policy.\n\nI did my best to explain that in \"layman's terms\" but am willing to help with any questions you might have.",
"Ponnuru and Levin: A Conservative Alternative to ObamaCare\n_URL_0_"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[
"http://www.gop.gov/blog/10/02/25/buying-health-insurance-across-state"
],
[],
[
"https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/113/hr2300#summary"
],
[
"http://rsc.scalise.house.gov/solutions/rsc-betterway.htm"
],
[
"http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702304448204579182203093952642"
]
] |
||
8jwiu3
|
how do they choose acting cabinet members when switching presidents?
|
[deleted]
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/8jwiu3/eli5_how_do_they_choose_acting_cabinet_members/
|
{
"a_id": [
"dz2zg0v",
"dz33s2p",
"dz3f6ls"
],
"score": [
3,
2,
2
],
"text": [
"The President chooses who he wants to fill the positions over which he has the authority to appoint. The appointees are then reviewed by a specific Senate Committee \\(depending on the department or agency\\), then confirmed by a majority vote in the Senate proper.\n\nIn terms of who fulfills those positions when the current department head is gone and the new appointed head hasn't yet been confirmed, that usually falls to the Deputy Secretary. ",
"Acting cabinet members are just the deputies that temporarily assume the role of full cabinet member. All deputy cabinet members are nominated by the president and confirmed by the senate just like full cabinet members. \n\nTraditionally, when presidential administrations change, all cabinet members resign on inauguration day and their deputies assume the role of acting cabinet members until the president's nominees are confirmed. Then the deputies resign as well and the new president appoints new deputies. The president may choose to keep cabinet members or deputy cabinet members of the previous president, although this is rare and when it does happen, it's almost always when the outgoing and incoming president are from the same party.",
"Departments in the federal government consist of politicians who are there to advance the president's agenda, and career bureaucrats, who do the day to day work of government. When there is a change in government, the politicians usually either resign or are dismissed, and a high level bureaucrat becomes the acting leader until new politicians can be appointed by the president, and for the highest level positions, approved by the senate."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
barcm8
|
how is the water in our water supply kept from freezing during winter?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/barcm8/eli5_how_is_the_water_in_our_water_supply_kept/
|
{
"a_id": [
"ekdjgys",
"ekdjmy2"
],
"score": [
4,
11
],
"text": [
"It's usually run in underground pipes. Only in very cold latitudes do freezing temperatures reach down more than a few feet. It's called the \"Frost Line\" and building codes have to take account of it, not only for the depth to bury water pipes but also for things like foundations to prevent movement as ice forms.\n\n_URL_0_",
"The main supply lines are underground below what is known as the frost line, below which, temperatures don't go below freezing even in the thick of winter. you can look up a map of frost lines. (additional fact: while underground, it also doesn't heat up as much as at surface level during summer. look up ground coupled heat exchangers)\n\nDepending on where you live the frost line can be 6-8ft deep for areas like Ontario, a couple feet for areas like Ohio and zero for the warmer places like Orlando (no freezing risk basically). So it depends on how cold the area gets. \n\nOnce the supply comes out of the ground it's up to your home's heating, insulation and building codes."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[
"https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frost_line"
],
[]
] |
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