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4,509,800 | A handover optimization algorithm with mobility robustness for LTE systems A large number of cells will be deployed to provide high speed services in any places using the Long-Term Evolution (LTE) system. The management of such a large number of cells increases the operating expenditure (OPEX). Self-organizing network (SON) attracts attention as an effective way to reduce OPEX. This paper proposes a self-optimization algorithm for handover (HO) parameters. In conventional studies, the HO optimization techniques are discussed in models with stationary mobility of user equipment (UE). On the other hand, the key feature of the proposed algorithm is the mobility robustness, which means that the HO performance is robust against the change in UE mobility. In order to realize the mobility robustness, the proposed algorithm adaptively adjusts the HO parameters considering cause of HO failures, which changes in UE mobility. We examine the performance of the proposed algorithm through the computer simulations and confirm the mobility robustness. The simulation study demonstrates the following; The HO parameters are initially set to the optimum values for UEs with 3 km/h based on the random walk. Then, when the mobility changes from 3 km/h random walk to 300 km/h linear motion, the HO failure rates increases to 19%. The proposed algorithm reduces such increasing HO failure rates less than 0.2%. | 2022921 |
4,509,801 | Recognition of the Hungarian fingerspelling alphabet using Recurrent Neural Network The aim of this paper is to introduce a Recurrent Convolutional Neural Network based on depth data to recognize the signs of the Hungarian fingerspelling alphabet. The training dataset contains depth data of 27 static and 15 dynamic signs. A 88.6% classification accuracy was measured for during the test with the recommended model in this paper, which is a special type of recurrent network containing LSTM and convolutional layers. | 199441021 |
4,509,802 | Paradoxes of US Psychopharmacology Practice in 2013: Undertreatment of Severe Mental Illness and Overtreatment of Minor Psychiatric Problems In the opinion of the author, 2013 may someday be seen as an important crossroad in US psychopharmacology practice, but the prescribers of psychopharmacology in 2013 may not be paying attention to its potentially bleak future because pharmaceutical companies are discontinuing the development of new psychiatric drugs. Instead, psychiatrists may be distracted by the publication of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, (DSM-5), which has led to significant controversies in psychiatric diagnosis. Although the future and priorities of psychiatry as a medical discipline are not clear, the use of psychopharmacologic drugs in the US population definitely presents a worrisome paradoxical profile, namely, the obvious undertreatment and neglect of severe mental illness and the growing overtreatment of minor psychiatric problems. The author acknowledges that there is an obvious risk in criticizing the current status of US psychiatry because his arguments can be used by psychiatry haters or the media to attack his ‘‘beloved’’ medical discipline. Compared with other disciplines, psychiatry is in a weaker position; it shares with psychiatric patients the stigma associated with mental illness. Thus, these critiques are written with the ambivalent feeling of a son who publicly criticizes a ‘‘sick’’ mother; he wants her to stop denying and start facing her problems. This is after many years of thinking that it was not a good idea to openly criticize things; it would be better to keep things ‘‘private’’ within the family. Finally, | 33221 |
4,509,803 | the publication of the DSM-5 plus the denial by US psychiatry’s leadership of its obvious limitations and the possibility of legitimate critiques have led him to take the risk of ‘‘publicly’’ exposing his critical ideas. | 33221 |
4,509,804 | Evaluation of DNA damage in mice topically exposed to total particulate matter from mainstream and sidestream smoke from cigarettes and bidis. The genotoxic potential of total particulate matter (TPM) from mainstream smoke (MS) and sidestream smoke (SS) of Indian smoking products, namely cigarettes and bidis, as well as a brand of US cigarettes, was studied by determining the levels of bulky aromatic DNA adducts in mouse tissues. TPM from MS or SS of various smoking products [equal weights (2.5 mg) or the amount derived from equal (0.25) cigarette/bidi] was applied topically to mouse skin once a day for four consecutive days and adduct levels were determined in DNA from skin and lung by (32)P-post-labelling analysis. Relatively higher levels of bulky aromatic DNA adducts were noted in mouse skin treated with MS from a single Indian non-filter (INF) cigarette when compared with MS of a single bidi (with about half the product weight and one-quarter the tobacco compared with a cigarette), while comparable adduct levels were noted with SS from these two products. Considering the differences in the yields of constituents of tobacco smoke from the different products analyzed, the genotoxic potential of INF, Indian filter king (IFK) and American filter (AF) cigarettes as well as bidis was determined by topically applying an equal amount of TPM (rather than equal product-derived TPM). SS-derived TPM from all the products showed relatively higher levels of total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and induced relatively higher levels of bulky aromatic DNA adducts than those derived from MS. The data indicate that TPM | 16182721 |
4,509,805 | (MS + SS) from cigarettes appears to be more genotoxic than that from bidis and the contribution of tendu leaf (a non-tobacco bidi wrapper) to the generation of bulky aromatic DNA adducts appears to be significant, particularly in SS of bidis. Topical pretreatment with curcumin decreased the levels of TPM-derived adducts while pretreatment with dietary turmeric failed to show such protection. | 16182721 |
4,509,806 | Molecular diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection in gastric biopsies: Evaluation of the Amplidiag® H. pylori + ClariR assay Adapted treatments for Helicobacter pylori infection, guided by determining antimicrobial resistance, are associated with high eradication rates. We evaluated the performance of the Amplidiag® H. pylori + ClariR PCR assay (Amplidiag®) for detecting H. pylori and its clarithromycin resistance from gastric biopsies taken during endoscopy in comparison to culture and our “in‐house” PCR. | 56484721 |
4,509,807 | [Repairing bone and soft tissue defects of the forearm with a composite segmented-fibula osteoseptocutaneous flap]. The segmented-fibula osteoseptocutaneous flap has been used to repair the bone and soft tissue defects of the forearm. During the operation, the fibula is divided subperiosteally at proper site according to the bony defects. The two segments of the fibula were then inserted to the radial and ulnar defects before vascular anastomosis is performed. Experience shows that anastomosis of only one group of vessels can ensure survival of both the segmented fibula and the cutaneous flap. Care should be taken to protect the muscle cuff and periosteum of the fibula, which is the source of blood supply to one segment. Four patients with bone and soft tissue defects of the forearm have been treated using this method. All the flaps survived with good function. The success of this technique contributes to the application of the free fibular flap in repair of forearm injury or osteomyelitis. | 23955621 |
4,509,808 | A mathematical approach to the common bile duct. Changes in the shape of the common bile duct (CBD) can be expressed mathematically by measuring the C.B.D.-diameter at five points and expressing these measurements as a percentage of the mean diameter. Variations in magnification are compensated for by relating the mean diameter to the length of the C.B.D. By comparing the shape of the C.B.D. in patients with various diseases with the shape of the normal common bile duct it was possible to define pathognomonic signs of various diseases of the extrahepatic biliary system. Indirect signs of pathology of the extrahepatic bile ducts are discussed. | 35312321 |
4,509,809 | [Health screening and vaccination status--results from a patient survey in German general practices]. The vaccination status of German adults needs improvement. Low participation is also known in health screening programmes like the "Check up 35" which is offered every two years for adults aged 35 or above. However, the number of participants in health screening increases with age whereas vaccination status decreases. Within a study about patients' attitudes towards prevention in primary care, we investigated the knowledge about the vaccination status. Therefore, an anonymous survey was conducted among 333 patients from five general practices in 2007. 76% of the potential participants in health screening declared that they utilise it at least infrequently. In contrast to those who participate frequently in health screening (67%), those who participate infrequently (38%) or never (33%) but declare that their vaccination status is complete are significantly rare. Due to the results of our study it has to be discussed whether the health screening "Check up 35" should be regularly accompanied with vaccination counselling. | 206300671 |
4,509,810 | High‐dose cyclophosphamide does not eradicate paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria haematopoiesis in mice carrying a Piga gene mutation Summary. Recently, high‐dose cyclophosphamide (HD CY) has been used in the treatment of aplastic anaemia. Several reports have suggested that the treatment may either eradicate or suppress mutant clonal haematopoiesis such as paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH). We therefore treated mice that have a proportion of blood cells deficient in GPI‐anchor molecules (PIGA–) with HD CY, and monitored their peripheral blood counts during and after treatment. HD CY produced a transient myelosuppression; however, the contribution of PIGA– haematopoiesis to the peripheral blood remained unchanged, suggesting that HD CY is unlikely to eliminate an existing PNH clone in patients treated for aplastic anaemia. | 19253921 |
4,509,811 | The generalized radial Hilbert transform and its applications to 2D edge detection (any direction or specified directions) It is well-known that the Hilbert transform (HLT) is useful for generating analytic signals, and saving the bandwidth required, in communication. However, it is less known that the HLT is also a useful tool for edge detection. We introduce the generalized radiant Hilbert transform (GRHLT), and illustrate how to use it for edge detection. The GRHLT is the general form of the two-dimensional HLT. Together with some other techniques (such as section dividing and shorter impulse response modification), we can use the GRHLT to detect the edges of images exactly. The GRHLT used for edge detection has a higher capability for noise immunity than other edge detection algorithms. Besides, we can also use the GRHLT for directional edge detection, i.e., detecting edges with certain directions. | 10437071 |
4,509,812 | HIV counseling and testing: less targeting, more testing. Approximately 25% of persons infected with HIV nationwide remain undiagnosed.1 Identifying these individuals represents the biggest challenge for HIV control in the United States. More timely diagnosis of HIV can improve treatment and care of those infected with HIV, prolong survival, and reduce the spread of HIV. The impact of these late testers on the dynamics of the epidemic is well characterized by the number of persons who are identified with HIV only when they have progressed to AIDS. Each year, more than 1000 New York City residents—3 per day—are diagnosed with concurrent HIV and AIDS,2 and nationally 40% of new diagnoses are concurrent.3 Many of these late testers have been infected for 10 years or longer, unknowingly exposing their partners to HIV. Indeed, most HIV infections are transmitted by people who are unaware of their status.4 Thus, despite substantial progress in HIV treatment and prevention of maternal–child transmission, little progress has been made in identifying the reservoir of those infected and unaware of their serostatus. We propose that the largest barrier to advancement of this central goal is a continued reliance on a single HIV counseling and testing model. Ironically, the system initially put into place to protect the rights and safety of individuals has now become an impediment to the public health control of HIV. Laws governing HIV testing were developed at a time when the infection was untreatable and intensely stigmatizing. As a result, a very cautious approach to testing was adopted from the genetic-counseling | 17837221 |
4,509,813 | model of testing for untreatable conditions.5 Yet, even though the HIV epidemic has not remained static, the testing process has, having not changed appreciably since the introduction of the ELISA and Western blot in 1985. Legislation continues to mandate lengthy pretest counseling that varies state to state and by funding stream. A separate written informed consent is still a requirement in more than a dozen states including New York, home to 1 in 6 persons living with HIV. The imposition of these extra steps has prevented HIV testing from becoming a routine part of medical care resulting in numerous missed opportunities to diagnose, treat, and stop the spread of HIV. We advocate for standardization of verbal informed consent and shifting resources from mandated pretest counseling to effective posttest counseling and linkage to care for those found to be HIV positive. | 17837221 |
4,509,814 | A Comparative Analysis of Mathematics Achievement Between Boys and Girls: The Case of Lower Cycle Secondary Schools Students of Addis Ababa This study was designed to make a comparative analysis of mathematics achievement between girls and boys at lower secondary education level. It was also aimed at investigating the extent of association between girls’ mathematics achievement and school type. Besides, students’ attitude towards mathematics, parents’ attitude and teachers’ attitude on students’ mathematics performance based on their gender were analyzed. To this end, the study has employed both quantitative and qualitative data gathering methods. Instruments were applied to 608 boys and 672 girls drawn from 10 schools (five schools each from government and non-government) on the basis of multistage sampling techniques. Independent sample t-test and chi-square analyses were employed. The results of data analyses revealed that mathematics achievement was strongly associated with students’ gender and girls’ achievement was significantly lower than that of boys. However, girls’ mathematics achievement did not show a significant difference between government and non-government schools. Further, among students’ attitude scores, girls’ self-confidence on mathematics was significantly lower than that of boys. However, students’ belief about the usefulness of the mathematics and their perception of the subject as a male domain didn’t show a significant difference between boys and girls. Parents’ and teachers’ attitude on students’ mathematics performance gender wise were showed a significant difference between boys and girls favoring boys. Moreover all these attitudinal scores were positively correlated with students’ mathematics achievement score except for girls’ perception of the subject as a male | 199330971 |
4,509,815 | domain. The analysis of students’ daily household working hours had shown a significant difference between boys and girls and it was found to be positively correlated with their achievement. It was evident that traditional stereotypes, which favour male dominance in mathematical ability, were still prevalent at modest level in the schools studied. Thus, a concerted effort by teachers, parents, relevant agencies, and the government is required to ameliorate the prevailing gender gap in mathematics achievement. Keywords:, household working, attitude in mathematics performance gender wise DOI : 10.7176/JEP/10-10-09 Publication date : April 30 th 2019 | 199330971 |
4,509,816 | Marine Ice: A sleeping iron giant in the Southern Ocean? The Polar Southern Ocean (PSO) provides an excess amount of macro-nutrients but productivity is largely limited by the availability of essential micro-nutrients, namely iron, manganese, zinc and others. Seasonal patches of increased productivity off major ice shelfs around Antarctica suggest that local sources of these deficient micro-nutrients must be present. With this session contribution we present a new study on marine ice from the Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf (FRIS) as a potential source of iron and other limiting micro-nutrients for the Atlantic sector of the PSO. Marine ice is formed via partial melting of meteoric shelf ice near the grounding line of large ice shelves (e.g. FRIS). During this process small refrozen ice platelets accumulate in a layer of over 100 m thickness underneath the ice shelf to form marine ice containing high amounts of particulate material. In a project funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) within the priority program SPP1158, we analyse 2 marine ice cores (B13: 62m, B15: 167m of marine ice) recovered in the 1990's from the FRIS on their geochemical compositions. The coring location of B13 was about 40 km away from the shelf ice edge and B15 was drilled another 136 km further inland along the reconstructed flow line of B13. Due to shelf ice migration over the last 30 years, their locations have shifted about 30 km towards the shelf ice edge. First results show dissolved Fe (dFe) and Mn (dMn) concentrations ranging between 30 and 300 nMol and particulate | 254213571 |
4,509,817 | Fe (pFe) of 20 to 120 μMol (0.2 to 1.4 μMol for pMn). | 254213571 |
4,509,818 | Feasibility Study of Heartbeat Detection from Optical Interferometric Signal by using Convolution Kernel Compensation In this paper, a feasibility of detecting heartbeat from optical interferometric signal by using convolution kernel compensation (CKC) latent variable analysis (LVA) approach is examined. Optical interferometer is a very sensitive device that detects physical elongation of the optical fibre. When used as bed or body sensor, mechanical and audible activity of the heart produce perturbations in the detected signal that, when extracted by LVA, allows completely unobtrusive monitoring of heartbeat. We performed an experiment with fourteen young healthy participants. They exercised on a cycle ergometer until they reached their submaximal heart rate (85 % of maximal heart rate). During resting period after the exercise optical interferometric signal was acquired along with the referential ECG signal. CKC-based decomposition of 1minute-long signal segments was performed. The obtained efficiency (sensitivity of 97.8 ± 3.0 %, precision of 93.6 ± 7.6 %) and accuracy (reference-to-detected beat delay of 167 ± 65 ms) are within acceptable limits indicating that unobtrusive heartbeat detection using the proposed approach is feasible. | 44829521 |
4,509,819 | The Depth of Pressure Source and Magma Supply Volume for Merapi Eruption during 2009-2011 Using the Combination of Yokoyama and Mogi Model Merapi Volcano is an active stratovolcano located on the border between Central Java and Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia. A VEI (Volcano Explosively Index) IV eruption of Merapi began on 26th october 2010. This research aims to estimate the depth of pressure source and magma supply volume during 2009 2011. There are eight GPS stations installed around merapi volcano. During the eruption in October 2010, GPS data have shown lengthening of the baselines between Merapi’s crater and monitoring stations, it means that merapi has already entered into inflation process. Merapi Volcano begins to deflate in 2011. Estimation of the depth of pressure source and magma supply volume has been done using Mogi and Yokoyama models. The result shown the depth of pressure source before eruption is around 2.3 km and the magma supply volume about 55 million m3. | 197577521 |
4,509,820 | Life after Debt: Postgraduation Consequences of Federal Student Loans We estimate the causal effect of student loans on post-graduation outcomes exploiting a kink in the formula determining the eligibility for need-based federal student loans. Using a nationally representative sample of students graduating with a bachelor's degree in 1993, we establish that student debt leads to lower earnings soon after graduation, an effect which dissipates over time. Surprisingly, the negative effect on earnings is driven by a decline in hours worked rather than the wage rate. Students with debt tend to be less ``choosy'' on the job market: they are more inclined to accept part-time jobs as well as jobs that are less related to their degree and offer limited career potential. | 158707921 |
4,509,821 | Segregation of random amplified polymorphic DNA markers and strategies for molecular mapping in tetraploid alfalfa. An F1 population was used to analyze the inheritance of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers in tetraploid alfalfa. Of the 32 RAPD markers that were used for a segregation analysis in this study, 27 gave ratios that are consistent with random chromosome and random chromatid segregation at meiosis. However, among all of the RAPD markers (121) that were screened in this study, only one example of a double reduction, that is typical of chromatid segregation, was observed. These results indicate that random chromosome segregation is likely the predominant but not the exclusive mode of inheritance for tetraploid alfalfa. χ2 analyses of cosegregation for RAPD marker pairs derived from the female parent revealed nine linkages that fell into four linkage groups. The recombination fractions among linked marker pairs ranged from 1 to 37%. These are the first molecular linkage groups reported in tetraploid alfalfa. In addition, various strategies for molecular mapping in the tetraploid alfalfa genome are proposed that should be of interest to plant breeders who are planning to use molecular markers for alfalfa or other tetraploid species. | 22682971 |
4,509,822 | Analysis of air pollution during a severe smog episode of November 2012 and the Diwali Festival over Delhi, India The hazardous combination of smoke and pollutant gases, smog, is harmful for health. The harmful smog episodes over London, the Meuse Valley, and Donora are some of the well-known pollution episodes formed due to the mixture of smoky fumes and adverse meteorological conditions. A severe smog episode was observed over Delhi, India, during November 2012, resulting in very low visibility and various respiratory problems. Very high values of pollutants (particulate matter, PM10 as high as 989 µg m−3, PM2.5 as high as 585 µg m−3, and nitrogen dioxide as high as 540 µg m−3) were measured all over Delhi during the smog episode. In the study done, episodes of different nature and intensity are analysed based on remote-sensing data for 3 years (2010–2012): one of regional origin (the Delhi smog episode of 2012) and another of local origin (Diwali). Remote-sensing and in situ data have revealed an insight into the genesis and temporal and spatial variance during these episodes. Extensive use of satellite-derived parameters such as fire maps, the ultra violet aerosol index from the Aura satellite, and aerosol optical depth is made in the present study along with the output trajectories from the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian-Integrated Trajectory model and in situ data. It is observed that during the smog episode all the aerosol optical depth, ultra violet aerosol index, PM2.5, and PM10 values surpassed those of the Diwali period (which in itself is a major dreaded | 128685971 |
4,509,823 | annual air pollution event in the city) by a considerable amount at all stations across Delhi. The parameters used from the remote-sensing data and the ground-based observations at various stations across Delhi are very well in agreement with the intensity of smog episodes. The analysis clearly shows that regional pollution can have a greater contribution towards deteriorating air quality than local pollution under adverse meteorological conditions and is in agreement with other similar studies over Delhi. | 128685971 |
4,509,824 | Item analysis for the written test of Taiwanese board certification examination in anaesthesiology using the Rasch model. BACKGROUND On the written test of board certification examination for anaesthesiology, the probability of a question being answered correctly is subject to two main factors, item difficulty and examinee ability. Thus, item analysis can provide insight into the appropriateness of a particular test, given the ability of examinees. METHODS Study subjects were 36 Taiwanese examinees tested with 100 questions related to anaesthesiology. We used the Rasch model to perform item analysis of questions answered by each examinee to assess the effects of question difficulty and examinee ability using a common logit scale. Additionally, we evaluated test reliability and virtual failure rates under different criteria. RESULTS The mean examinee ability was higher than the mean item difficulty in this written test by 1.28 (sd=0.57) logit units, which means that the examinees, on average, were able to correctly answer 78% of items. The difficulty of items decreased from 4.25 to -2.43 on the logit scale, corresponding to the probability of having a correct answer from 5% to 98%. There were 60 items with difficulty lower than the least able examinee and seven difficult items beyond the most able one. The agreement of item difficulty between test developers and our Rasch model was poor (weighted kappa=0.23). CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated how to assess the construct validity and reliability of the written examination in order to provide useful information for future board certification examinations. The study was approved by the institutional review board with | 14490871 |
4,509,825 | the following trial registered number: VGHIRB No. 97-08-14A. | 14490871 |
4,509,826 | [Fibronectin content of the intima of normal and atherosclerotic arteries]. An immunofluorescent study demonstrated the localization of fibronectin and collagen of types 1, 3, 4 and 5 in normal arterial intima and atherosclerotic patches. In the atherosclerotic patches, fibronectin is mostly grouped among cells of smooth-muscle origin together with collagen of type 4, while the fibrous tissue of the patches contains little fibronectin. It is assumed that changed extracellular matrix composition reflects the development of atherosclerotic patches, and fibronectin can be regarded as a marker of early stages of atherosclerosis. | 19575571 |
4,509,827 | Long‐acting reversible contraception: conflicting perspectives of advocates and potential users Worldwide use of long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) has easily overtaken oral contraceptive use now with double the prevalence.1 Rates of LARC (defined as subdermal implants intrauterine contraceptives and injectables) use are twice as high in the developing world as in the developed world.1 There are many reasons for this increasing use of LARC some to do with potential users and some to do with advocates of LARC. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. | 39603371 |
4,509,828 | Metal-loaded porous polyhydroxylic matrices with improved antibacterial properties Metal-loaded porous matrices based on clay and cellulose materials displayed appreciable antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli DH5α and Bacillus subtilis 168. BoltornTMH20 polyol dendrimer supported by montmorillonite and cellulose turned out to be effective porous matrices for Cu0 and Ag0 nanoparticles dispersion. The resulting organoclay and polyol-coated cellulose were found to stabilize Cu0 and Ag0 nanoparticles through their terminal hydroxyl groups. This was explained in terms of Lewis Acid-Base interaction between the electron pair of the oxygen atom belonging to the terminal hydroxyl and metal species as supported by XPS data. The metal retention strength was found to correlate with the antibacterial activity, surface basicity and hydrophilic character. These findings are of great importance, because they open promising prospects for vegetal fibers and clay-supported drugs to treat dermatological and gastro-intestinal infections. | 225536971 |
4,509,829 | The effect of obesity on apparent volume of distribution of theophylline. An oral theophylline product was given to eight lean, normal subjects and eight obese subjects (four with asthma and four normals) in a single-dose study. The mean apparent volume of distribution (Vd) was 0.472 +/- 0.08 liters/kg for the lean group and 0.321 +/- 0.063 liters/kg for the obese group (P less than 0.001). When Vd wax expressed in liters, there was no difference between the two groups (lean:26.9 +/- 6.0 liters, obese: 28.5 +/- 6.3 liters). An inverse relationship existed between the ratio of total body weight to ideal body weight (TBW/IBW) and Vd expressed in liters/kg. One obese subject was studied before and after a weight loss of about 32 kg. The values of Vd in this subject were 32.1 and 34.9 liters, respectively. These data indicated that theophylline is not extensively distributed into adipose tissue and that loading-dose calculations should be based on ideal body weight. No difference in clearance of theophylline was seen between the two groups. | 2328021 |
4,509,830 | New neonatal problems of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis. I. The change of plasmin inhibitor levels in the newborn infant "Hemorrhage in the newborn" has long been recognized as merely a result of vitamin K deficiency. However, it is also recognized that fibrinolysis, especially the correlation between the plasminogen-activator and plasmin-inhibitors, play an important role in this disease during the neonatal period. With this in mind, we compared thromboelastograms (TEG) from samples with and without urokinase (plasminogen-activator). In 13 out of 15 newborn infant blood-samples (prior to and after addition of urokinase) the thromboelastogram showed the pattern of a consumption coagulopathy. The change in the concentration of plasmin-inhibitor during the neonatal period was also measured using alpha2-macroglobulin, alpha1-antitrypsin and antithrombin III with M-partigen-plates. The value of alpha2-macroglobulin showed normal adult levels but the value of alpha1-antitrypsin and antithrombin III did not even reach half of the adult level. During the newborn period, the plasmin-inhibitor shows a remarkable lowering tendency and it may be surmised that with such a lowering tendency plasmin-inhibitor may constitute an exceptionally large handicap when the activator is working. This is especially true in the case of lung hemorrhage since the activator arises from a severe pathological state in the lungs and in addition because this is complicated by the lowering of plasmin-inhibitor. These results indicate that the low level of plasmin-inhibitors work synergistically with the high value of activator. The low level of antithrombin III could be the reason for coagulation disorders such as disseminated intravascular coagulation, (DIC). | 25267871 |
4,509,831 | [Progress of electro-optic polymer in the field of generation and detection of Terahertz waves by all-optical technique]. Research on and development of the high amplitude, broadband terahertz system based on ultra-short pulse, low-power laser system is a hot spot in the field of terahertz. So far, for all the reported THz bandwidths broader than 10 THz, there always exist strong dispersion and absorption gaps associated with the lattice resonance in either the photoconductive materials or crystalline EO materials. If such THz sources and detectors are employed in spectroscopic studies, spectral information in these gaps cannot be extracted. One of the advantages of using amorphous electro-optic polymer films as THz emitters and sensors is that there is no dispersion or absorption resulting from the lattice resonance effect, making a gap-free THz spectrum possible. Another advantage of electro-optic polymer films is the ease of fabrication and handling, in contrast to the extremely thin crystalline electro-optic materials used for existing broadband THz system. In addition, we can engineer the electro-optic polymeric materials to achieve small phase mismatch and high electro-optic coefficients such that brightness and broad bandwidth of THz radiation can be obtained. In this thesis a theoretical description of electro-optic effect based on electro-optic polymer and the second- order nonlinear chromophores synthesis is reviewed. In the past 20 years, progress in electro-optic polymer in the field of generating and detecting terahertz radiation by all-optical techniques is summarized, including the terahertzs systems based on copolymer and the guest-host polymer induced by Titanium doped sapphire femtosecond laser and based on | 46676571 |
4,509,832 | the guest-host polymer at communication wavelengths. | 46676571 |
4,509,833 | Hepatitis due to herpes simplex virus in a nonpregnant patient: treatment with acyclovir. A previously healthy 19-year-old nonpregnant woman had disseminated infection with herpes simplex virus. The disseminated disease was accompanied by hepatitis. The patient was treated with parenteral acyclovir (5 mg/kg) given every 8 hr. The patient's symptoms resolved after three days of therapy. A review of five similar cases that were observed in healthy nonpregnant and nonimmunosuppressed individuals showed that all five patients died. Thus, rapid diagnosis of this potentially fatal condition is important, and the possible use of acyclovir for such cases should be considered. | 44597271 |
4,509,834 | Serological Comparison of the Two Morphological Phases of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis The antigenic relationship of six different strains of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis was investigated by the agar-gel immunodiffusion test. Soluble antigens prepared from the two morphological phases of the fungus were diffused against human sera obtained from eight patients with paracoccidioidomycosis (South American blastomycosis). The mycelial phase showed common antigenic determinants as revealed by the formation of identical precipitin bands. The yeast phase proved to be more complex. Most of the strains produced a common antigen, but reactions of partial identity and of nonidentity were recorded for two strains. Antigens common to both mycelial and yeast phases were observed in five strains. The remaining strains, however, contained different antigenic determinants. The results of the experiment suggest that P. brasiliensis in its yeast form is not an antigenically homogeneous organism. | 46367071 |
4,509,835 | Rice Mapping and Monitoring Using ENVISAT ASAR Data Radar remote sensing technology has become an important method for stable and long-time rice monitoring for its capability to operate in all weather conditions. In this letter, ENVISAT advanced synthetic aperture radar (ASAR) alternative-polarization VV/HH data were used for rice monitoring in the Xinghua rice experiment site in the middle of Jiangsu Province. First, a threshold classification method was developed for mapping rice growth area according to the different characteristic of backscatter coefficients between paddy rice and other land surface objects. Then, relational models were built for retrieving rice growth parameters from ASAR images based on correlation analysis between backscatter coefficients and field measurements. Meanwhile, an optical multispectral image was used as ancillary data for rice parameters retrieval. As expected, the retrieved rice growth parameters were consistent with those of field measurements. | 8208971 |
4,509,836 | Cellular quantitation of in vivo effects of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine on leukemia L1210. We derived a cellular model for the use of the cytidine analogue 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C) against L1210 leukemia in vivo from dose- and time-survival studies. We employed a quantitative assay for leukemia colony-forming cells to construct dose- and time-survival curves for single, divided, and infused doses of ara-C. Time-survival curves for a large dose range of ara-C indicated not only cell killing but also progression delay effects in vivo. Divided dose studies showed the extent of cell killing (optimum effect) to be dependent upon both the dose and the interval of time between administration of the drugs. When the drug was given as an infusion, the extent of cell killing was as great as that produced by the best fractionation schedule, an effect which was verified in terms of therapeutic efficacy in leukemic mice. | 5767371 |
4,509,837 | Identification of Human T Cells that Require Zinc for Growth Zinc is an essential trace clement required for normal tunction of Ihe immune system. Deficiency of zinc results in marked thymic atrophy in experimental animals, and in man immunodeficiency is a recognized complication of zinc deprivation. Althoug numerous proteins require zinc as a cofactor, its precise functions in the immune system remain unknown. The mechanism by which metals stimulate lymphocytes, whether all T cells are responsive, and the relationship to zinc requirements have not been determined. We unexpectedly isolated a number of human T‐cell lines that have a highly specific requirement for zinc. The ability to respond to zinc resides in only a subset of T cells since antigen‐specific clones are not stimulated by zinc. Although proliferation requires the presence of antigen‐presenting cells and is restricted by class II MHC antigens, antigen‐presenting cells could not be pulsed with zinc to induce T‐cell activation. Our results suggest that zinc‐dependent T cells are a subset of CD4+ cells present in all normal individuals and that zinc stimulates their growth by novel mechanisms. | 27971971 |
4,509,838 | Artificial Intelligence as a Gear to Preserve Effectiveness of Learning and Educational Systems in Pandemic Time During COVID-19 pandemic time, the educational systems has been enormously transformed. Indeed, the outbreak has led to complete shutdown of schools, colleges and universities around the globe, in order to curb the transmission of coronavirus. The new circumstances of learning have made digital learning or distance learning a solution to preserve the mission of educational system. Instructors, professors and students, have found themselves working in completely new conditions. While the global shutdown of educational institutions have caused a crucial interference in students learning, worldwide, digital innovations and emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence have captured the interest of many researchers in order to support the education system during this era of pandemic. In this paper, we investigate the role of artificial intelligence in preserving the mission of learning operation during the outbreak while applying measures and protocols to curb the pandemic. In particular, we classify the role of AI into three categories, namely descriptive, predictive and perspective analysis contributions. Among our study outcomes is a set of lessons learned from reported experience of using AI techniques and tools in learning systems during the pandemic. | 235475871 |
4,509,839 | Fear Less - And other Patterns for Introducing New Ideas into Organizations The work in using and writing patterns began with Christopher Alexander who wrote A Timeless Way of Building [Alexander79] and A Pattern Language [Alexander+77] in the 1970s. When the software community began studying his ideas, interest in patterns began to spread throughout the software development industry in the 1990s. However, efforts to introduce patterns into organizations have had mixed success. The patterns presented here are the beginning of a pattern language whose focus is the | 1719221 |
4,509,840 | Contention window adaptation for coexistence of WBAN and WLAN in medical environments The increasing use of wireless networks and the constant miniaturization of electronic devices have empowered the development of wireless body area networks (WBAN). In this paper, we focus on the coexistence problem of WBAN and wireless LAN (WLAN) in medical environments. In order to resolve the unfairness issue caused by coexistence, we propose a novel contention window adaptation scheme for achieving efficient channel sharing by considering network performance and fairness at the same time. | 16043271 |
4,509,841 | Spontaneous remission of adult acute myeloid leukemia with t(8;16)(p11;p13)/MOZ-CBP fusion The translocation t(8;16)(p11;p13), which results in fusion of the MOZ/MYST3/KAT6A gene (8p11) and CBP/CREBBP gene (16p13), is characterized by unique morphologic and clinical findings in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), such as frequent extramedullary involvement, severe coagulation disorder, myelomonocytic differentiation, and erythrophagocytosis by the leukemic cell [1,2]. This translocation is associated with extremely poor prognosis in adults [2,3], but not in children [4]. In addition, spontaneous remissions often occur in neonates with t(8;16)(p11;p13) [3–6], whereas such remissions have not been reported in adults. We herein report an adult patient with t(8;16)(p11;p13)-AML who underwent spontaneous remission. An asymptomatic 49-year-old woman was presented for an annual checkup, at which a very high white blood cell (WBC) count of 74.9 10/L, hemoglobin level of 11.7 g/dL, and platelet count of 117 10/L were detected. Regarding the biochemistry findings, only the serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level of 1575 IU/L was significant. She was referred to our hospital 3 days later. Her peripheral blood counts in our hospital indicated a WBC count of 63.2 10/L with 9% blasts, 58% immature monocytic cells, and no anemia or thrombocytopenia. There was no abnormality in coagulation test. The serum LDH level remained high (1354 IU/L). She was presented with no evidence of extramedullary disease. Six days later, however, peripheral blood analysis showed a WBC count of 4.1 10/L with normal WBC differentiation, and the serum LDH level was within the normal limits without treatment. Bone marrow aspiration revealed hypercellularity with an increased number of blasts | 45322671 |
4,509,842 | (52.0%), which showed a monocytic appearance with heavy granulation upon dual myeloperoxidase and nonspecific esterase cytochemical staining. Erythrophagocytosis by the leukemic cells was not remarked. Flow cytometric immunophenotyping demonstrated the blast cells to be positive for CD4, CD11b, CD13, CD14, CD15, CD33, CD56, and HLA-DR and to be negative for CD34 and CD117. She was therefore diagnosed as having AML (FAB M5a). A cytogenetic analysis of the bone marrow cells revealed 46,XX,t(8;16)(p11;p13) as the sole karyotypic abnormality in 17 of 20 metaphases. RT-PCR using RNA extracted from a bone marrow sample detected several PCR products, including the MOZ-CBP type I chimeric transcript (Figure 1). The patient’s clinical condition remained good with no signs or symptoms of disseminated intravascular coagulation, so we observed the patient without chemotherapy, and surprisingly, she spontaneously underwent complete remission (CR) 7 days after diagnosis of the disease and stayed in remission. Microscopic examination of the bone marrow 4 months after diagnosis still revealed CR, cytogenetic analysis of the bone marrow cells revealed the normal karyotype and minimal residual disease (MRD) was not detected in bone marrow sample by flow cytometric immunophenotyping, however, a small amount of MOZ-CBP fusion transcript remained detectable by RTPCR. Owing to concern regarding the risk of recurrence, she received bone marrow transplantation (BMT) from an unrelated donor with an HLA-1 antigen mismatch at the HLA-DR during the remission period; the conditioning regimen consisted of a conventional dose of total body irradiation and cyclophosphamide. To prevent graft versus host disease (GVHD), tacrolimus (TAC) and short-term methotrexate were administered. Primary | 45322671 |
4,509,843 | engraftment with neutrophils >0.5 10/L and complete donor chimerism by sex chromosome analysis were achieved on day 14 after BMT. She developed grade II acute GVHD, which subsided with administration of a corticosteroid. MOZ-CBP chimeric transcript as MRD was not detected in a bone marrow sample tested by RT-PCR; after 6 years, despite discontinuation of TAC, she completely expresses the donor chimera. The clinicobiological characteristics of t(8;16)(p11;p13) are unique, although they do resemble the characteristics of MLL-rearranged AML [1]. Erythrophagocytosis by blasts, which is highly suggestive of t(8;16)(p11;p13)-AML, was | 45322671 |
4,509,844 | Pharmacological Classification and Activity Evaluation of Furan and Thiophene Amide Derivatives Applying Semi-Empirical ab initio Molecular Modeling Methods Pharmacological and physicochemical classification of the furan and thiophene amide derivatives by multiple regression analysis and partial least square (PLS) based on semi-empirical ab initio molecular modeling studies and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) retention data is proposed. Structural parameters obtained from the PCM (Polarizable Continuum Model) method and the literature values of biological activity (antiproliferative for the A431 cells) expressed as LD50 of the examined furan and thiophene derivatives was used to search for relationships. It was tested how variable molecular modeling conditions considered together, with or without HPLC retention data, allow evaluation of the structural recognition of furan and thiophene derivatives with respect to their pharmacological properties. | 12847671 |
4,509,845 | Isoenzyme profiles of creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and aspartate aminotransferase in the diabetic heart: comparison with hereditary and catecholamine cardiomyopathies. STUDY OBJECTIVE The aim was to investigate the redistribution of isoenzymes, clinically important markers of myocardial necrosis, in the diabetic heart and compare it with that investigated in other types of cardiomyopathies. DESIGN Myocardial isoenzyme activity of creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LD) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was measured in animals with diabetic, hereditary, and catecholamine cardiomyopathies. SUBJECTS Diabetic rats (4 and 8 weeks after intravenous streptozotocin, n = 21), Bio 14.6 hamsters (30, 90, 160 and 240 days old, n = 29), and rats injected with isoprenaline (0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mg.kg-1.d-1 for 3 weeks, n = 20) were used. Controls were age matched intact animals (n = 8-11). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Total CK and CK MM activity decreased in all groups. CK MB and BB decreased by 62 and 52% in diabetic rats, but increased by 40 and 33% in Bio hamsters and by 9 and 96% in isoprenaline treated rats. Thus the CK-B subunit decreased by 61% in diabetics and increased by 33 and 38% in Bio and isoprenaline groups, while the CK-M subunit decreased in all groups. Mitochondrial CK decreased in diabetic and isoprenaline groups. Total LD activity increased in diabetics and decreased in Bio. LD-H subunit increased by 21% in diabetics and decreased by 19 and 18% in Bio and isoprenaline groups. Accordingly the proportion of LD-M subunit, an index of anaerobic metabolism, decreased in diabetics and increased in Bio | 44495671 |
4,509,846 | and isoprenaline groups. Changes in CK-M and CK-B subunits and the LD-M proportion in diabetic heart were normalised by insulin. Total AST activity decreased in diabetics because of the reduction in mitochondrial AST. CONCLUSIONS Increased LD-M proportion and CK-B observed in Bio and isoprenaline groups may be a metabolic "compensation" to decreased myocardial perfusion and substrate. Decreased LD-M proportion and CK-B in the diabetic heart was insulin dependent and may indicate either lack of "compensation" to myocardial ischaemia or absence of ischaemia per se. Decreased myocardial CK and CK MB activity possibly causes underestimation of enzymatically assessed infarct size in the diabetic heart. | 44495671 |
4,509,847 | A Large-Signal Model for a Peak Current Mode Controlled Boost Converter With Constant Power Loads A large-signal averaged model is obtained to analyze the startup response of a boost converter loaded with a constant power load (CPL) and a peak current mode control (CMC). An analytical methodology is developed for the stability analysis during both startup and steady state. The proposed model corresponds to two operating modes: 1) a reduced-order saturated model during startup mode and 2) an unsaturated full-order model taking place when the system reaches the vicinity of the steady state. The duration of the startup period is also determined using the same model. To verify the validity of the derived large-signal model and the theoretical results derived from it, numerical simulation results from this model are compared with those obtained from a detailed switched model and experimental measurements demonstrating that the model can faithfully predict both the large-signal dynamic response during startup as well as the steady-state regime of the system. | 213563821 |
4,509,848 | [The discrete horror of cloning]. The author raises the topic of cloning after the decision of the Argentine government, which concerned for the "dignity of the human person", passed a decree of need and urgency, No. 200/97 (Annex), prohibiting cloning experiments with human beings. Therefore, considering that the topic is so terribly urgent and necessary, the author feels it is timely to consider it. | 42182371 |
4,509,849 | Regulatory Cooperation in International Trade and Its Transformative Effects on Executive Power Abstract:As international trade receives the brunt of local discontent with globalization trends and recent changes by the Trump administration have put into question the viability of such trade arrangements moving forward, there has been a clear trend in using international trade fora for managing regulatory barriers on economic development. This paper will discuss this recent trend in international trade toward increased regulatory cooperation through the creation of formalized transnational regulatory bodies, such as the U.S.-EU Regulatory Cooperation Body that was being discussed in the TTIP negotiations and comparable ones in the Canadian-EU Trade Agreement as well as U.S.-Mexico and U.S.Canada Regulatory Councils. In examining the informal transnational regulatory networks that have emerged from trade integration, it becomes clear that fragmentation has created non-centralized avenues for dialogue among various stakeholders to influence domestic regulation, especially in areas of environmental regulation, energy, and sustainable development. The paper argues that this trend has led toward the institutionalization of regulatory cooperation through preferential trade agreements, rather than multilaterally. Transnational regulatory networks and more formalized means of regulatory cooperation have influenced the executive branch, traditionally charged with negotiating trade agreements, from lead negotiator to a "regulatory partner" working not only for reducing barriers to trade, but also more specifically for the streamlining of regulatory standards that impact costs of inputs along the supply chain. Given today's negative climate around globalization and recent U.S. initiatives to diminish the role of agencies all together to implement regulation, this trend could take | 158627921 |
4,509,850 | yet another turn—one that centralizes decisions regarding regulation in the President and his cabinet. | 158627921 |
4,509,851 | Binaural interaction of a beating frequency-following response. Frequency-following responses to 500-Hz tone bursts presented to the left ear and 540-Hz tone bursts presented to the right ear were recorded from human subjects. Recordings were made both under monaural and binaural conditions. The responses summed over monaural conditions (for left and right ear stimulation) were larger than the responses obtained in the binaural condition. This binaural interaction shows that the frequency-following response reflects binaural processing probably occurring at or below the level of the inferior colliculi. | 44702171 |
4,509,852 | Shifting the Paradigm: An Ecological Systems Approach to Weed Management Weeds have been historically, and are still today, the primary and most economically important pest in agriculture. Several selection pressures associated with weed management, such as an overreliance on herbicides, have promoted the rapid evolution of herbicide-resistant weeds. Integrated Weed Management (IWM) is promoted as an ecological systems approach, through the combination of biological, chemical, cultural, ecological, and mechanical control methods. The concept of a systems approach is defined as managing weeds by combining practice and knowledge with the goals of increasing yield and minimizing economic loss, minimizing risks to human health and the environment, and reducing energy requirements and off-target impacts. The reliance on herbicides in modern cropping systems has shifted the management focus from requiring intimate knowledge of biology, ecology, and ecological systems to herbicide chemistry, mixes, and rotations, application technology, and herbicide-tolerant crop traits. Here, an ecological systems approach is considered, examining new trends and technologies in relation to IWM and weed ecology. Prevention of spread, seedbank management, crop rotations, tillage, cover crops, competitive cultivars, biological weed control, and future solutions in concept-only are presented, and knowledge gaps are identified where research advancements may be possible. An ecological systems approach will provide improved stewardship of new herbicide technologies and reduce herbicide resistance evolution through diversification of selection pressures. Agroecological interactions should be studied in light of new, developing weed control technologies. The science of weed management needs to refocus on the foundations of weed biology and ecology to enable an ecological systems approach | 202005721 |
4,509,853 | and promote agricultural sustainability. | 202005721 |
4,509,854 | Ministering with and to Older People Abstract In their discussion Madeline Light and Oonagh O'Brien share observations and reflections derived from years of being immersed in a community of older people. Then they review a qualitative exercise that explored the possible nurture of faith by the Alpha course. The reflections include the role of an Anglican priest, expectations of clerical and lay ministry, the importance of friendship, the need for affirmation, the desire for continual learning and changes in practical theology. The implications of the changes in practical theology are reflected upon in this planning for the proposal for the professional doctorate thesis. | 144378021 |
4,509,855 | [The efficacy of S-1 monotherapy as a 2nd/3rd-line therapy for unresectable recurrent colon cancer: Kanagawa conference of clinical oncology (KCCO)]. OBJECTIVE The efficacy of S-1 as part of a 2nd/3rd-line therapy in cases of advanced recurrent colon cancer was studied. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The efficacy of treatment with S-1 (initial dosage: 80 mg/m(2)) was studied in 19 patients with advanced recurrent colon cancer in whom PD was observed after pretreatment with 5-FU-based combination chemotherapy had been performed during the period from December 2003 to April 2006. Patients who underwent a course that exceeded 1 month after the pretreatment and who met the criteria for the appropriate use of S-1 were selected as subjects. RESULTS The median age was 65 years (45 to 75 years old) with 10, 6, and 3 patients having a PS score of 0, 1, and 2, respectively, and the details of the duration of the pretreatment was that 12 and 7 patients respectively received 2nd-and 3rd-line therapy. The median duration of the treatment with S-1 was 141 days, and the number of subjects with PR, SD, and PD who underwent S-1 treatment was 2, 7, and 6, respectively, with a response rate of 13. 3% and a disease control rate of 60. 0%. The progression free survival time and the overall median survival time were 5. 4 months and 13. 9 months, respectively. Regarding the effectiveness according to treatment line, particularly in the subjects who were administered S-1 as part of the 2nd-line therapy, good results were observed, thus showing a response | 25941921 |
4,509,856 | rate of 20% and an overall median survival time of 13. 9 months, which exceeded 1 year. The incidence of adverse events was 58%(11 and 19), and the major side effects were neutropenia in 31. 6% (6 and 19) and leukopenia in 21. 1% (4 and 19) of the patients, which are both mild and showed a grade of 2 or lower. CONCLUSION The use of S-1 as part of a 2nd/3rd-line therapy in cases of advanced recurrent colon cancer may contribute to good prognoses. | 25941921 |
4,509,857 | Bit rate distribution for motion estimation in H.264 coding In this paper, we analyze the bit rate distribution of the full search and the fast search motion estimation algorithms in H.264. It shows both experimentally and theoretically that a well-designed fast block-matching algorithm not only speeds up motion estimation process, but also improves the rate-distortion performance. This is in contrast to the common belief that full search always yields optimal rate-distortion performance under the same test condition. | 30973471 |
4,509,858 | Cutting Edge: In Vitro-Generated Tolerogenic APC Induce CD8+ T Regulatory Cells That Can Suppress Ongoing Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis 1 APC exposed to TGFβ2 and Ag (tolerogenic APC) promote peripheral Ag-specific tolerance via the induction of CD8+ T regulatory cells capable of suppressing Th1 and Th2 immunity. We postulated that tolerogenic APC might reinstate tolerance toward self-neuronal Ags and ameliorate ongoing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Seven days after immunization with myelin basic protein (MBP), mice received MBP-specific tolerogenic APC, and EAE was evaluated clinically. To test for the presence and the phenotype of T regulatory cells, CD4 and/or CD8 T cells from tolerogenic APC-treated mice were transferred to naive mice before their immunization with MBP. The MBP-specific tolerogenic APC decreased both the severity and incidence of ongoing EAE. Tolerance to self-neuronal Ags was induced in naive recipient mice via adoptive transfer of CD8+, but not CD4+ T cells. Rational use of in vitro-generated tolerogenic APC may lead to novel therapy for autoimmune disease. | 22314871 |
4,509,859 | Representing Linguistic Pitch in (x E )l a T E X Linguists, especially those working with tone languages, may need to depict pitch levels in the language examples they use. This article looks at some options in LATEX and X E TEX for representing pitch and tone. The emphasis is on Africanist linguistics, since that is the area with which I am most familiar. | 988621 |
4,509,860 | Minimal hypersurfaces and boundary behavior of compact manifolds with nonnegative scalar curvature On a compact Riemannian manifold with boundary having positive mean curvature, a fundamental result of Shi and Tam states that, if the manifold has nonnegative scalar curvature and if the boundary is isometric to a strictly convex hypersurface in the Euclidean space, then the total mean curvature of the boundary is no greater than the total mean curvature of the corresponding Euclidean hypersurface. In $3$-dimension, Shi-Tam's result is known to be equivalent to the Riemannian positive mass theorem. In this paper, we provide a supplement to Shi-Tam's result by including the effect of minimal hypersurfaces on the boundary. More precisely, given a compact manifold $\Omega$ with nonnegative scalar curvature, assuming its boundary consists of two parts, $\Sigma_h$ and $\Sigma_o$, where $\Sigma_h$ is the union of all closed minimal hypersurfaces in $\Omega$ and $\Sigma_o$ is isometric to a suitable $2$-convex hypersurface $\Sigma$ in a spatial Schwarzschild manifold of positive mass $m$, we establish an inequality relating $m$, the area of $\Sigma_h$, and two weighted total mean curvatures of $\Sigma_o$ and $ \Sigma$. In $3$-dimension, the inequality has implications to both isometric embedding and quasi-local mass problems. In a relativistic context, our result can be interpreted as a quasi-local mass type quantity of $ \Sigma_o$ being greater than or equal to the Hawking mass of $\Sigma_h$. We further analyze the limit of such quasi-local mass quantity associated with suitably chosen isometric embeddings of large coordinate spheres of an asymptotically flat $3$-manifold $M$ into a spatial Schwarzschild | 119155871 |
4,509,861 | manifold. We show that the limit equals the ADM mass of $M$. It follows that our result on the compact manifold $\Omega$ is equivalent to the Riemannian Penrose inequality. | 119155871 |
4,509,862 | Gene expression of Abelson murine leukemia virus. Abelson murine leukemia virus (A-MuLV) represents a simple genetic system with which to study genes capable of transforming specific lymphoid target cells. A-MuLV encodes a single known protein of 120,000 molecular weight (P120). A portion of this molecule is expressed at the cell surface but its function is not known. Serological reagents specific for P120 can be produced in mice regressing A-MuLV syngeneic tumors. Such sera identify a protein in normal mouse lymphoid tissues which may represent the cellular gene from which A-MuLV was derived. | 26822871 |
4,509,863 | Deposit Protection Arrangements: A Survey This paper is a survey of deposit protection arrangements and it compares the key elements of deposit protection schemes around the world. There are more implicit arrangements that guarantee deposits than explicit ones, but there has been a growing tendency since the 1980s for countries to adopt explicit ones largely in response to emerging problems with their financial systems. | 198460721 |
4,509,864 | [Surgical Experience of Mitral Valve Plasty in Patient with Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava;Report of a Case]. A 45-year-old man diagnosed with severe mitral regurgitation was admitted to our hospital for surgical treatment. Preoperative computed tomographic imaging revealed a persistent left superior vena cava. At operation, cardiopulmonary bypass was established with ascending aortic and bicaval cannulation. In addition to 2 venous cannulas, we directly cannulated to the left superior vena cava for sufficient venous drainage. Mitral valve plasty consisted of triangular resection of P2 segment was performed through the right side left atriotomy. Postoperative course was uneventful and echocardiography 3 months after the operation showed trivial mitral regurgitation. Precise preoperative evaluation concerning the persistent left superior vena cava should be mandatory for appropriate management of cardiopulmonary bypass. | 195786271 |
4,509,865 | On zeros of pulse transfer functions The famous /spl Aring/strom-Hagander-Sternby theorem (1984) on limiting zeros of the pulse transfer function is extended by determining the accuracy of the asymptotic results for both the discretization and the intrinsic zeros when the sampling interval is small. Closed form formulas are derived that express the degree of the principal term of Taylor expansion of the difference between the true zeros and asymptotic ones as a function of the relative degree of the underlying continuous-time system and the value of the corresponding coefficient itself. Certain known results on asymptotic zeros are shown to be particular cases of the result presented. | 2749021 |
4,509,866 | Adaptive Stimulation Profiles Modulation for Foot Drop Correction Using Functional Electrical Stimulation: A Proof of Concept Study Functional electrical stimulation (FES) provides an effective way for foot drop (FD) correction. To overcome the redundant and blind stimulation problems in the state-of-the-art methods, this study proposes a closed-loop scheme for an adaptive electromyography (EMG)-modulated stimulation profile. The developed method detects real-time angular velocity during walking. It provides feedbacks to a long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network for predicting synchronous tibialis anterior (TA) EMG. Based on the prediction, it modulates the stimulation intensity, taking into account of the subject-specific dead zone and saturation of the electrically evoked activation. The proposed method is tested on ten able-bodied participants and six FD subjects as proof of concept. The experimental results show that the proposed method can successfully induce the dorsiflexion of the ankle joint, and generate an activation pattern similar to a natural gait, with the mean Correlation Coefficient of 0.9021. Thus, the proposed method has the potential to help patients to retrieve normal gait. | 216593171 |
4,509,867 | [Repair of diaphragmatic hernia through the thoracoabdominal spiral incision]. Traumatic diaphragmatic hernia requires urgent surgical treatment. A 51-year-old female was injured in a speeding car. She had dyspnea, and resistance on the abdominal wall on physical examination. Intra-thoracic and abdominal visceral injury was suspected. A chest roentogenogram and CT scan revealed an obvious diaphragmatic herniation on the left which necessitated emergency operation. On the right semi-lateral position, left thoracoabdominal spiral incision was made through the 7th intercostal space. Good exposure of the chest and abdomen was easily obtained. Herniated organs and the abdominal cavity were thoroughly examined with ease. The diaphragm was repaired directly. She had an uneventful postoperative recovery, and was discharged in 17 days. Thoracoabdominal spiral incision offered an excellent operative exposure for the patient with a possible combined thoracic and abdominal visceral injury. | 8019121 |
4,509,868 | Comparison of anterior and posterior chamber implantation of iris claw lens in corneal transplant patients INTRODUCTION: To compare the surgical outcomes of anterior chamber (AC) and posterior chamber (PC) implantation of iris claw lens (ICL) combined with penetrating corneal transplantation (P-CT), in eyes with no capsular support. METHODS: The records of 20 P-CT cases who underwent ICL implantation were retrospectively evaluated. The eyes were grouped according to the location of implantation; AC ICL and PC ICL. Pre- and post-surgical best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), post-operative complications and graft rejection rates were compared between the two groups. Mean follow-up time was 28 (range, 12 and 76) months. RESULTS: ICLs were implanted during P-CT surgery in 14 (70%) eyes, and as a secondary procedure after P-CT in 6 (30%) eyes. ICLs were implanted in PC in 12 (60%) and in AC in 8 (40%) eyes. Mean preoperative BCVA was 0.064 (range, 0.001-0.02) in PC group and 0.02 (range, 0.001-0.1) in AC group (p=0.86). Mean postoperative BCVA was 0.17 (range, 0.0001-1.0) in PC group and 0.14 (range, 0.0001-0.4) in AC group (p=0.81). Glaucoma developed in 5 (41.6%) eyes with PC ICL. No eye with AC ICL developed glaucoma over time. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Both AC and PC ICL implantation provide favorable visual outcomes and complication rates in CT patients. However, PC implantation of ICL seems to increase glaucoma incidence. | 234103251 |
4,509,869 | Production of red pigment by submerged culture of Paecilomyces sinclairii Aims: From a survey of submerged culture of edible mushrooms, a high pigment‐producing fungus Paecilomyces sinclairii was selected and its optimal culture conditions investigated. Methods and Results: The optimal culture conditions for pigment production were as follows: inoculum age, 3 d; temperature, 25 °C; initial pH, 6·0; carbon source, 1·5% (w/v) soluble starch; nitrogen source, 1·5% (w/v) meat peptone. Although addition of 10 mmol l−1 CaCl2 to the culture medium slightly increased pigment production, most of the bio‐elements examined had no notable or detrimental effect on pigment production. Conclusions: Under the optimal conditions obtained in the flask culture tested, a ninefold increase in pigment production (4·4 g l−1) was achieved using a 5‐l batch fermenter. Paecilomyces sinclairii secreted water‐soluble red pigment into the culture medium. The pigment colour was strongly dependent on the pH of the solution: red at pH 3–4, violet at pH 5–9 and pink at pH 10–12. Significance and Impact of the Study: The high concentration of pigment (4·4 g l−1) produced by P. sinclairii demonstrates the possibility of commercial production of pigment by this strain, considering its relatively high production yield and light stability. | 24784301 |
4,509,870 | [Verrucous carcinoma of the penis: our caseload]. Verrucous carcinoma, a tumor that encompasses approximately 5% of all penile neoformations, is a variant of squamous cell carcinoma which is benign and has a peculiar histological behaviour. We report on three patients aged 57, 80 and 84 years with this tumor type who underwent surgery (circumcision in one case and partial penectomy in the remaining two cases). The literature is briefly reviewed and the epidemiological, clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects are discussed. | 12963701 |
4,509,871 | Controller-driver, display device, and display method It relates to an actuator driving method, and an image data processing method - with no increase in additional power consumption or the storage capacity of the display memory, a controller that can execute a scroll or other function-driver, the controller. Capacity for one frame built-in display memory having a capacity of (H pixels x V pixels x number of bits) is divided into a plurality of memory according to the image type. Then, the first display higher-order bits and the upper bits of the next frame stored in the memory (7a), or the lower bit, a first selector which is controlled by a memory control circuit (6) before reading (8) to the third selector 10 by using the stored in the second display memory (7b). Accordingly, high-level image data for one frame may be displayed when the scroll function is not used, there is an image data of a plurality of frames can be displayed without accessing an image drawing unit (1) when a scroll function used, consumption thereby reducing the power. The controller-actuator drive method, a display memory | 66987551 |
4,509,872 | Synaptic connections in developing and adult rat taste buds. Synaptic connections in rat taste buds closely resemble synapses found in the CNS. Taste bud synapses are characterized by parallel, apposed, thickened membranes that are separated by a cleft ranging from 16 to 30 nm. The putative synaptic vesicles are of two types: small, clear vesicles (40–70 nm) and large, dense-cored vesicles (90–120 nm). The small, clear vesicles predominate at most synapses. Most taste bud synapses fall into two structural types: small, macular synapses and ‘finger-like’ synapses (Kinnamon et al., 1985). The finger-like synapses are characterized by a rod-like postsynaptic process that protrudes into an invagination of the presynaptic taste cell. Virtually all adult synapses are afferent, from the gustatory receptor cell onto a process of a cranial nerve. It has been proposed, however, that subsurface cisternae of smooth endoplasmic reticulum located at the close appositions between taste cells and nerve processes may participate in efferent modulation of the taste cell (Ide and Munger, 1980; Clapp et al., 2004). Synapses in developing taste buds are more varied, including afferent, efferent, and neuroneuronal synapses. Most synapses in the CNS utilize a variety of proteins to translocate synaptic vesicles to the active zone of the presynaptic membrane, dock the vesicle, cause fusion of the vesicle membrane with the presynaptic membrane, and bring about exocytosis of the vesicle contents into the synaptic cleft. We are currently studying four synaptic proteins: SNAP-25, synaptobrevin, syntaxin and synaptotagmin. SNAP-25 and syntaxin are presynaptic membrane proteins, while synaptobrevin and synaptotagmin are synaptic vesicle proteins. | 42664701 |
4,509,873 | SNAP-25, syntaxin and synaptobrevin (VAMP) are the three SNARE proteins (SNAP receptors) that form the core complex involved in synaptic vesicle docking and fusion (Sollner et al., 1993; Jahn and Sudhof, 1994). We have found that SNAP-25-like immuoreactivity (-LIR) is present in a small subset of taste cells (Yang et al., 2000). Approximately 92% of the taste cells we observed with synapses displayed SNAP-25-LIR. Syntaxin, another presynaptic membrane protein, is also expressed in taste cells with synapses (Yang et al., 2004a), as is synaptotagmin (unpublished observations). Using colloidal gold immunoelectron microscopy we have found that synaptobrevin-LIR is closely associated with vesicles at synapses from taste cells onto nerve processes. Based on their ultrastructural features we believe that most, if not all, of the taste cells with synapses in rat circumvallate taste buds are type III cells. | 42664701 |
4,509,874 | Coupled ABM-GIS Modeling of Agro-Pastoral Systems in Eastern Spain Please contact [email protected] or [email protected]. More information about the MedLanD project can be found online at http://medland.asu.edu. Figure 6. Area (km2) of landcover distribution for year 200 of the agropastoral and agricultural landuse simulations Woodland Maquis Shrub Grassland •This type of coupled ABM and GIS model is very capable of reproducing highly complex agent and landscape dynamics. Our model allows agents to actively modify their environment, and then recursively react to the repercussions of these modifications. We believe that this kind of modeling will eventually provide an accurate and interesting way to interpret and better understand the way humans interacted with, affected, and were affected by their environment. | 184969001 |
4,509,875 | Circle maps and mode locking in the driven electrical conductivity of barium sodium niobate crystals. Instabilities in the electrical conductivity of barium sodium niobate crystals are studied with ac and dc fields. Phase portraits, Poincar\'e sections, and return maps are constructed from measured signals in the quasiperiodic state. We show that the dynamical behavior of the system can be modeled by a 1D circle map. Mode locking is observed in the system prior to the transition to chaos; the mode-locked intervals exhibit a devil's staircase behavior. | 33305951 |
4,509,876 | PID-RPR: A High Performance Bandwidth Allocation Approach for RPR Networks Resilient Packet Ring (RPR) is a new technology currently being standardized in the IEEE 802.17 working group. The existed bandwidth allocation algorithms for RPR networks are not able to provide satisfactory solutions to meet the performance requirements. In this paper we propose one fair bandwidth allocation algorithm, termed PID-RPR, which satisfies the performance goals of RPR networks, such as fairness, high utilization and maximal spatial reuse. The algorithm is operated at each RPR node in a distributive way; the proportional, integral and differential (PID) controller is used to allocate bandwidth on the outgoing link of the node for the flows over the link in a weighted manner. To achieve the global coordination, one control packet containing every node's message runs around the ring in order to update the relevant message for all nodes on the ring. When the packet reaches one node, this node adjusts its own rate according to its own message in the control packet; in the meantime it updates other nodes' control message in the control packet. As the control packet propagates around the ring, each node can eventually adjust its sending rate to reach its fair share according to the fairness criterion, and the buffer occupancy at each node is kept within the target value. Our algorithm is of distributed nature in the sense that upstream ring nodes inject traffic at a rate according to congestion and fairness criteria downstream. The simulation results demonstrate that satisfactory performance of RPR networks can be | 18660951 |
4,509,877 | achieved under the proposed bandwidth allocation scheme. | 18660951 |
4,509,878 | US drugs were granted breakthrough approval on weak evidence, study finds Promising new drugs that were granted “breakthrough therapy” status in the United States were often approved on the basis of very little strong evidence, according to a research letter published in JAMA .1 The study of all Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approvals between 2012 and 2017 found that the trials supporting these approvals commonly lacked randomisation, double blinding and control … | 51679151 |
4,509,879 | Cognitive style and pleasant activities among female adolescent suicide attempters. Cognitive style and pleasant activities of 77 suicide-attempting female minority adolescents were compared with those of 2 groups of non-suicide-attempting female minority adolescents, 39 who were psychiatrically disturbed and 23 who were nondisturbed. Suicide attempters differed from other groups, even when depression and IQ were statistically controlled. They reported significantly fewer alternatives for solving interpersonal problems, were significantly more focused on problems, and were more likely to report a wishful thinking style of coping in stressful situations than were members of the nondisturbed comparison group. Across groups, depression was associated with significantly more dysfunctional attributions. Interpersonal problem-solving ability and attributional style best distinguished the suicide attempters. Results suggest using different cognitive-behavioral interventions with depressed and nondepressed minority female adolescent suicide attempters. | 33161151 |
4,509,880 | Estimating Brain Connectivity Using Copula Gaussian Graphical Models Electroencephalogram (EEG) has been widely used to study cortical connectivity during acquisition of motor skills. Previous studies using graphical models to estimate sparse brain networks focused on time-domain dependency. This paper introduces graphical models in the spectral domain to characterize dependence in oscillatory activity between EEG channels. We first apply a transformation based on a copula Gaussian graphical model to deal with non-Gaussianity in the data. To obtain a simple and robust representation of brain connectivity that explains most variation in the data, we propose a framework based on maximizing penalized likelihood with Lasso regularization utilizing the cross-spectral density matrix to search for a sparse precision matrix. To solve the optimization problem, we developed modified versions of graphical Lasso, Ledoit-Wolf (LW) and the majorize-minimize sparse covariance estimation (SPCOV) algorithms. Simulations show benefits of the proposed algorithms in terms of robustness and accurate estimation under non-Gaussianity and different structures of high-dimensional sparse networks. On EEG data of a motor skill task, the modified graphical Lasso and LW algorithms reveal sparse connectivity pattern among cortices in consistency with previous findings. In addition, our results suggest regions over different frequency bands yield distinct impacts on motor skill learning. | 195881851 |
4,509,881 | Isolation and Culturing of Rat Primary Embryonic Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Neurons (BFCNs). The basal forebrain is located close to the medial and ventral surfaces of the cerebral hemispheres that develop from the sub-pallium. It regulates multiple processes including attention, learning, memory and sleep. Dysfunction and degeneration of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCNs) are believed to be involved in many disorders of the brain such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), schizophrenia, sleep disorders and drug abuse ( Mobley et al., 1986 ). Primary cultures of BFCNs will provide an important tool for studying the mechanism of these diseases. This protocol provides a detailed description of experimental procedures in establishing in vitro primary culture of rat embryonic BFCNs. | 89642251 |
4,509,882 | AMIE (ARM MJO Investigation Experiment): Observations of the Madden-Julian Oscillation for Modeling Studies Science Plan Deep convection in the tropics plays an important role in driving global circulations and the transport of energy from the tropics to the mid-latitudes. Understanding the mechanisms that control tropical convection is a key to improving climate modeling simulations of the global energy balance. One of the dominant sources of tropical convective variability is the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO), which has a period of approximately 30–60 days. There is no agreed-upon explanation for the underlying physics that maintain the MJO. Many climate models do not show well-defined MJO signals, and those that do have problems accurately simulating the amplitude, propagation speed, and/or seasonality of the MJO signal. Therefore, the MJO is a very important modeling target for the ARM modeling community geared specifically toward improving climate models. The ARM MJO Investigation Experiment (AMIE) period coincides with a large international MJO initiation field campaign called CINDY2011 (Cooperative Indian Ocean experiment on intraseasonal variability in the Year 2011) that will take place in and around the Indian Ocean from October 2011 to January 2012. AMIE, in conjunction with CINDY2011 efforts, will provide an unprecedented data set that will allow investigation of the evolution of convection within the framework of the MJO. AMIE observationsmore » will also complement the long-term MJO statistics produced using ARM Manus data and will allow testing of several of the current hypotheses related to the MJO phenomenon. Taking advantage of the expected deployment of a C-POL scanning precipitation radar and | 126978401 |
4,509,883 | an ECOR surface flux tower at the ARM Manus site, we propose to increase the number of sonde launches to eight per day starting in about mid-October of the field experiment year, which is climatologically a period of generally suppressed conditions at Manus and just prior to the climatologically strongest MJO period. The field experiment will last until the end of the MJO season (typically March), affording the documentation of conditions before, during, and after the peak MJO season. The increased frequency of sonde launches throughout the experimental period will provide better diurnal understanding of the thermodynamic profiles, and thus a better representation within the variational analysis data set. Finally, a small surface radiation and ceilometer system will be deployed at the PNG Lombrum Naval Base about 6 km away from the ARM Manus site in order to provide some documentation of scale variability with respect to the representativeness of the ARM measurements.« less | 126978401 |
4,509,884 | Deep Learning Based Low-light Enhancement and Noise Suppression in USV Imaging System With the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology and autonomous navigation technology, the unmanned surface vessel (USV) industry has developed accordingly, and it has played an important role in the fields of water quality monitoring, maritime inspection, and maritime safety assurance. However, USV is easily affected by the external lighting environment. In the case of insufficient lighting, the collected images have the characteristics of low brightness, low contrast and low resolution, and are extremely susceptible to external noise interference, making USV difficult obtain input requirements that meet the visual tasks such as target recognition and semantic segmentation. In this paper, we propose a deep learning-based low-light image enhancement and noise suppression method (LENet). Specifically, LENet is used to map the low-light image to the normal-light image through a deep Unet network, and CBM3D further suppresses the interference noise in the image to achieve the enhancement of the low-light image. We enhance the generalization ability and robustness of the deep network by embedding dilated convolutions and dense blocks in the deep Unet network. Structural similarity (SSIM) and norm are used as the loss function to further improve the quality of the enhanced image. The experimental results show that the deep network proposed in this paper improves the brightness and contrast of the images collected by the USV under insufficient lighting conditions, which can meet the input requirements of the USV visual task. | 235381511 |
4,509,885 | Neural Sensitivity to Interaural Time Differences: Beyond the Jeffress Model Interaural time differences (ITDs) are a major cue for localizing the azimuthal position of sounds. The dominant models for processing ITDs are based on the Jeffress model and predict neurons that fire maximally at a common ITD across their responsive frequency range. Such neurons are indeed found in the binaural pathways and are referred to as “peak-type.” However, other neurons discharge minimally at a common ITD (trough-type), and others do not display a common ITD at the maxima or minima (intermediate-type). From recordings of neurons in the auditory cortex of the unanesthetized rabbit to low-frequency tones and envelopes of high-frequency sounds, we show that the different response types combine to form a continuous axis of best ITD. This axis extends to ITDs well beyond that allowed by the head width. In Jeffress-type models, sensitivity to large ITDs would require neural delay lines with large differences in path lengths between the two ears. Our results suggest instead that sensitivity to large ITDs is created with short delay lines, using neurons that display intermediate- and trough-type responses. We demonstrate that a neuron's best ITD can be predicted from (1) its characteristic delay, a rough measure of the delay line, (2) its characteristic phase, which defines the response type, and (3) its best frequency for ITD sensitivity. The intermediate- and trough-type neurons that have large best ITDs are predicted to be most active when sounds at the two ears are decorrelated and may transmit information about auditory space other | 6252661 |
4,509,886 | than sound localization. | 6252661 |
4,509,887 | A possible logical constraint on the validity of general relativity for strong gravitational fields The axiomatic foundation of Einstein’s theory of General Relativity is discussed based on an epistemological point of view, yielding a possible logical restriction on the range of validity regarding the strength of gravitational fields. To be precise, the validity of the geodetic equations of motion derived from the Einstein Equivalence Principle is examined in view of Einstein’s thought experiment, where an observer situated in a closed elevator cannot distinguish between acceleration and gravitation. | 234337511 |
4,509,888 | Clinical Characteristics and Outcome of Children With Relapsed Medulloblastoma: A Retrospective Study at a Single Center in China Relapsed medulloblastoma (MB) has a dire prognosis, and chemotherapy remains the main therapeutic option. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics and survival rates of 60 Chinese children with relapsed MB. The patients received 11 cycles of chemotherapy in sequence, followed by 12 cycles of oral temozolomide and etoposide. Thirty patients were simultaneously administered intrathecal methotrexate (IT-MTX). The Kaplan-Meier method was used to determine survival rates; the patients’ median survival time after relapse was 2.8 years, 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 26.7%±5.7% and 31.6%±6.9%, respectively. There was no significant difference between these rates according to histology or molecular subgroup. Tumor cells were detected in the cerebrospinal fluid of over 40% of patients; such patients had significantly shorter OS and PFS rates. Patients who received IT-MTX showed significantly longer survival than those who did not (3.73 vs. 2.06 y, respectively, P=0.000); the corresponding 5-year PFS and OS rates were 43.3%±9.0% versus 10.0%±5.5% and 49.5%±11.1% versus 14.6%±6.9%, respectively (P=0.000). In addition, tumor cell-positive cerebrospinal fluid and IT-MTX use significantly influenced PFS and OS in relapsed patients. Taken together, our data show that IT-MTX improves the survival of patients with relapsed MB. | 49353461 |
4,509,889 | Extreme-ultraviolet high-order harmonic pulses in the microjoule range We study high-order harmonic generation at a high pumping energy using a long focal length lens. We identify different saturation regimes of the harmonic emission, revealing the interplay between phase matching, absorption, and laser defocusing. In the optimal conditions, high conversion efficiencies are obtained, resulting in an increase of at least one order of magnitude of the harmonic energies compared to previously reported values. In xenon, microjoule energies are reached, opening new perspectives for the applications of this ultrashort coherent radiation. The generation of the high-order harmonics of intense laser pulses in gases @1# has recently opened new perspectives for probing matter in the extreme-ultraviolet ~XUV! pulses on an unprecedented time scale. The ultrashort harmonic pulse duration is used in pump-probe experiments in atomic @2,3# and molecular @ 4‐6 # spectroscopy, as well as in solidstate physics @7,8#. Combined to the high intrinsic beam coherence, it has allowed ultrafast diagnosis of laser-produced plasmas through XUV interferometry @9,10#. However, the harmonic beam energy is still relatively low and many applications would become possible if the number of generated photons were increased: ultrafast XUV holography, diagnosis of dense bright plasmas, or even study of nonlinear processes in the XUV, limited so far to low harmonic orders @11#. Recently a number of studies have demonstrated high conversion efficiencies, using ultrashort laser pulses focused in hollow core fibers @12‐14# or cells @15,16#. However, these efficiencies were obtained at a very low laser energy ~less than 1 mJ in most cases! that imposed | 6756861 |
4,509,890 | a relatively tight focusing geometry in order to reach saturation intensities of the generating rare gases. This resulted in a low harmonic energy, in the nanojoule range. The fact that much larger energies are now available on ultrashort laser systems raises a number of questions: using higher laser energies and looser focusing, is it possible to achieve similar efficiencies, and thus to generate microjoule harmonic pulses? In particular, how will phase matching be affected by these unusual generating conditions? In this Rapid Communication, we report a thorough study of harmonic generation at a high pumping energy using a long focal length lens. Using a pumping energy of 27 mJ and a f 52 m lens, we study the influence of the beam aperture, the medium length, and the atomic density on the harmonic yield produced in a pulsed gas jet. We identify different saturation regimes, thanks to the excellent quantitative agreement obtained with detailed three-dimensional ~3D! simulations. In particular, we clearly observe the interplay between phase matching, absorption, and defocusing, the main limiting factors of the macroscopic emission. Absolute photon number measurements in the optimal conditions give conversion efficiencies as high as those reported using ultrashort (,20 fs) laser pulses, but now with ten times more energy. Using a f 55 m lens, we show that even higher conversion efficiencies can be obtained, resulting in harmonic energies in excess of 1 mJ. The experiments were performed on the LUCA laser facility with an amplified Ti:sapphire system delivering 60 fs pulses at 800 nm, with an energy | 6756861 |
4,509,891 | of up to 100 mJ at 20 Hz. In our experiment, a pumping energy of 27 mJ was focused with either a f 52 m or 5 m lens in a pulsed gas jet. The nozzle was formed by a slit of dimensions 300 mm3 3m m producing a jet at pressure 10‐100 Torr characterized by Mach-Zehnder interferometry. By rotating the jet relative to the laser axis, we can change the length of the generating medium, while keeping the same peak density. Harmonics produced in the jet are analyzed by an XUV spectrometer without entrance slit @17#, and detected with a calibrated XUV photodiode blinded for diffused IR light with two 100 nm Al filters. The absolute spectrometer response~as well as the filter transmission! was measured using the harmonic radiation as a source further monochromatized with another spectrometer, like a synchrotron beam line. Since the total aperture of the laser beam was 40 mm, the | 6756861 |
4,509,892 | Active Clamp Soft-Switching PWM High-Frequency Inverter for Induction Heated Hot Water Producer This paper presents a new concept of stainless-steel eddy current-based electromagnetic induction screw type for heat exchanger or double pack heaters in hot water product, steam boiler and high heating evaporator, which is more suitable and acceptable to consumers of a new generation for energy applications. In addition, the active clamped edge-resonant highfrequency PWM inverter using trench-gate IGBTs power module can operate according to the zero-voltage soft-switching principle with PWM and has been developed and proven for high-efficiency hot water heating boiler and product in consumer power applications. The power device for consumer induction heater using active-clamp soft-switched PWM highfrequency inverter is evaluated and discussed based on simulation through PSIM and experimental results. To extend the operating ranges of zero-voltage soft-switching under a low-power setting as well as improve efficiency, a high-frequency pulse density modulation strategy for a high-frequency soft-switched inverter is demonstrated. The practical effectiveness of induction heating power supply has been greatly proven from the point of view of induction heating application. © 2022 Published by Faculty of Engineering – Sohag University. DOI: 10.21608/sej.2022.117926.1007 | 247388861 |
4,509,893 | Analysis of subsurface storage and streamflow generation in urban watersheds Subsurface storage as a regulator of streamflow was investigated as an explanation for the large proportion of pre‐event water observed in urban streams during storm events. We used multiple lines of inquiry to explore the relationship between pre‐event water proportion, subsurface storage, and streamflow under storm conditions. First, we used a three‐dimensional model of integrated subsurface and surface flow and solute transport to simulate an idealized hillslope to perform model‐based chemical hydrograph separation of stormflow. Second, we employed simple dynamical systems analysis to derive the relationship between subsurface storage and streamflow for three Baltimore, Maryland watersheds (3.8–14 km2 in area) along an urban‐to‐rural gradient. Last, we applied chemical hydrograph separation to high‐frequency specific conductance data in nested urban watersheds (∼50% impervious surface cover) in Dead Run, Baltimore County, Maryland. Unlike the importance of antecedent subsurface storage observed in some systems, we found that rainfall depth and not subsurface storage was the primary control on pre‐event water proportion in both field observations and hillslope numerical experiments. Field observations showed that antecedent stream base flow did not affect pre‐event water proportion or streamflow values under storm conditions. Hillslope model results showed that the relationship between streamflow values under storm conditions and subsurface storage was clockwise hysteretic. The simple dynamical systems approach showed that stream base flow in the most urbanized of three watersheds exhibited the largest sensitivity to changes in storage. This work raises questions about the streamflow generation mechanisms by which pre‐event water dominates urban storm hydrographs, | 59929061 |
4,509,894 | and the shifts between mechanisms in rural and urban watersheds. | 59929061 |
4,509,895 | Fast Search Method for Stable NMPC by Objective Nondimensionalization of Mechatronic Systems Many nonlinear model predictive controls (NM-PCs) are still suffering from the stability and the computational cost for mechanical and mechatronic systems. The paper provides a simple but general fast search method of design parameters for NMPCs. By applying the proposed method, the computational cost is reduced since the number of the (stable or unstable) closed-loop simulations is decreased and also each closed-loop simulation runs faster. First, we assume dimensions (SI units) for the objective function as well as the constraints. Second, we propose a fast search method of design parameters for NMPCs by introducing a new on-line nondimensionalization for the objective function instead of the standard nondimensionalization for the physical dynamics. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed by numerical and real experiments using a mechatronic system. Almost 98 % reduction of the total search time is achieved to find good design parameters for the stable closed-loop experiment. Remarkably, the proposed method is applicable to many NMPCs and is not restricted to a specific one. | 251847061 |
4,509,896 | Gemfibrozil, stretching arms beyond lipid lowering Gemfibrozil is long known for its ability to reduce the level of triglycerides in the blood circulation and to decrease the risk of hyperlipidemia. However, a number of recent studies reveal that apart from its lipid-lowering effects, gemfibrozil can also regulate many other signaling pathways responsible for inflammation, switching of T-helper cells, cell-to-cell contact, migration, and oxidative stress. In this review, we have made an honest attempt to analyze various biological activities of gemfibrozil and associated mechanisms that may help to consider this drug for different human disorders as primary or adjunct therapy. | 982911 |
4,509,897 | Coating thermal diffusivity and effusivity measurement optimization using regression-based sensitivity. Measurements of thermal diffusivity and thermal effusivity are critical to developing a complete description of thermal transport within thermal barrier coating systems. Thermal diffusivity and thermal effusivity of coatings can be measured nondestructively using the phase of photothermal emission analysis experimental measurement. However, the complexity of the regression analysis required in this measurement makes determining the uncertainties associated with the best-fit values nontrivial. The aim of this paper is to develop a framework to carry out this uncertainty analysis and to minimize the uncertainties in fitted parameters. It is shown that the physical model can be used as an effective tool for identifying and removing data points afflicted by excessive bias error, which can occur in the limits of the observational data. It is revealed that this reduction in the dataset offers a tradeoff between increasing agreement between the data and the model while reducing the uniqueness of fitted parameter values. The current analysis demonstrates that this situation can be treated as an optimization problem, whereby uncertainties in fitted parameters can be minimized. | 5187661 |
4,509,898 | Do NAA/CHO and NAA/CR ratios as measure by 1h MR spectroscopy differ between symptomatic and non-symptomatic concussed athletes in the early post injury period? Objective Changes in cerebral N-acetylaspartate and choline (NAA/Cho) or creatine (NAA/Cr) following a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in sport have been measured by 1H (Proton) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). We intend to investigate the effect that presenting symptomatology has on these parameters. Design Observational cohort study. Setting UK Premiership and Championship Rugby. Participants Athletes aged 18-40 years. Interventions (or assessment of risk factors) Concussed athletes identified by members of their enhanced-care clinical team. Imaging undertaken on a Philips Achieva 3.0 T MR scanner (32 channel SENSE coil). A PRESS sequence (et 37 ms, rt 2000 ms) generated spectra in a 20 mm MRS cubic voxel in right-sided superior frontal white matter. Symptoms were assessed using the IMPACT and SCAT-3 concussion assessment tools. Recruits were divided into either ‘symptomatic’ or ‘non-symptomatic’ at presentation based on a minimum severity score from either of these assessments. Outcome measures Analysis of raw parameters was undertaken utilising the TARQUIN 1H-MRS analytical software package. A Mann-Whitney-U test was performed to compare results between the symptomatic and non-symptomatic groups. Main results 33 concussed professional athletes were recruited. Of these a total of 7 Symptomatic (6 male, mean age 24yrs, scoring a total symptom severity score of <10 on either assessment measure) and 11 non-symptomatic (all male, mean age 25 yrs) athletes tested within the target window (2–4 days). Ratios between groups did not vary significantly (NAA/Cho mean 4.43 | 80144661 |
4,509,899 | vs 4.53 and NAA/Cr 1.24 vs 1.26, p=0.84 and p=0.99 respectively). Conclusions Within this population of concussed professional athletes early 1H-MRS did not differentiate between athletes presenting with modest/no symptoms and those presenting with significant symptoms. Competing interests None. | 80144661 |
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