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stray ( strays plural & 3rd person present) ( straying present participle) ( strayed past tense & past participle )
1 verb If someone strays somewhere, they wander away from where they are supposed to be.
Tourists often get lost and stray into dangerous areas... V prep/adv
A railway line crosses the park so children must not be allowed to stray. V
2 adj A stray dog or cat has wandered away from its owner's home.
...a refuge for stray cats.
Stray is also a noun., n-count
The dog was a stray which had been adopted.
3 verb If your mind or your eyes stray, you do not concentrate on or look at one particular subject, but start thinking about or looking at other things.
Even with the simplest cases I find my mind straying... V
4 adj You use stray to describe something that exists separated from other similar things.
An 8-year-old boy was killed by a stray bullet..., She shrugged a stray lock of hair out of her eyes.
Translation English - Cobuild Collins Dictionary
To add entries to your own vocabulary, become a member of Reverso community or login if you are already a member.
It's easy and only takes a few seconds:
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"Collins Cobuild English Dictionary for Advanced Learners 4th edition published in 2003 © HarperCollins Publishers 1987, 1995, 2001, 2003 and Collins A-Z Thesaurus 1st edition first published in 1995 © HarperCollins Publishers 1995" | <urn:uuid:a43d9610-4aa5-4ae5-bc4b-fbdaf1516fc1> | CC-MAIN-2014-35 | http://dictionary.reverso.net/english-cobuild/stray%20cat | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-35/segments/1408500829661.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20140820021349-00451-ip-10-180-136-8.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.933899 | 339 | 2.9375 | 3 |
From the beginning of networked computers until very recently, IT security professionals have aligned with the idea of defending the network’s perimeter – shore up defenses to keep the bad guys out. This is also known as “security prevention.” The problem is that the bad guys have gotten better at breaching the perimeter. And it’s not just that attackers need to be kept out; more and more, internal threats like employee error and the BYOD trend are causing security issues.
To complicate matters, network speeds now routinely hit 100 Gigabits per second. That’s roughly 70 million times faster than the typical network connection when firewalls were introduced. This poses a number of challenges, particularly in the area of security. Network growth, along with the data deluge, puts a great amount of pressure on organizations to combat cyber threats and analyze cyber-attacks in real time so that necessary actions can be taken with minimum delay.
There is a shift occurring, then, from “security prevention” to “security detection,” which uses network analysis to detect anomalies as a first indicator of new types of threats, either zero-day threats or one that comes from within the network. Gartner’s (News - Alert) Shift Cybersecurity Investment to Detection and Response research projects that by 2020, 60 percent of enterprise information security budgets will be allocated for rapid detection and response approaches, up from less than 20 percent in 2015. It is in this context that post-analysis comes into its own, as it is not always easy to catch threats as they happen.
It is pivotal, then, to be able to conduct deep analysis offline or even post-attack to determine what happened. The analysis allows management to make decisions and take actions in response to an attack. More importantly, it is needed to ensure that a cyber event has been truly resolved so that all public disclosure, notification of impacted parties and internal remediation can be completed.
High-speed networks are undergoing attacks at an unprecedented level. However, in most cases, the attacks are only discovered weeks later. Network security solutions are facing a two-fold growth challenge: Data traffic is increasing exponentially, so there is more to analyze at faster speeds. At the same time, cyber-attacks are also growing in number and complexity.
The resulting number of security alerts and events in an organization’s environment is staggering. Entire businesses have been created to fulfill the need to process the tens of billions of events generated every day in a typical large enterprise. The security team faces the huge task of collecting this data from all the tools and then prioritizing them by severity.
Alert management tools exist to help with this enormous task, but the problem is that these tools often give either incomplete or contradictory information about a given event. Add to this that once an attacker is inside, he will often compromise the credentials of a legitimate user and might disguise himself as an employee to do searches and extract sensitive data.
Security in Layers
What’s to be done? Organizations can mitigate risk by deploying a diverse strategy that ensures all security prevention solutions have the necessary bandwidth and capacity to handle high-speed, high-volume attacks. The plan also must ensure that security detection solutions are in place to detect anomalies in real time but also to record network activity for deeper analysis and/or later detection of a past breach.
Consequently, cybersecurity strategies today cannot depend on a single security solution. Traditional point defenses cannot adequately address the new, faster-moving, multi-layer threats and more sophisticated attackers. What’s required is a layered approach with defense-in-depth, where an organization not only relies on network security appliances for indications of data breaches but also network behavior analysis.
Network security has gone from prevention to detection, and a final, “last security tool” must be added: continuously recorded network data. A network forensics solution should continuously capture all data 24x7, regardless of whether anything interesting is happening in a particular moment or not. Then, in conjunction with alerts from the other tools, the security team can investigate whether the event was a false alarm or something that needs to be actioned. Moreover, they can see what happened after the breach and achieve the ultimate goal: determining all the assets the attacker may have accessed and whether he has truly been eliminated from their environment.
Putting it All Together
There are tools available today that will provide a partial network recording based on an event, but that data is inevitably incomplete if the recording tool did not see anything it considered interesting. For effective network forensics, we need a tool that can record everything continuously at high speed. It must be purpose-built for this, since the demands for storage and indexing of this volume of data are much different than the architecture of the other security tools.
However, real-time data capture can be taken a step further by introducing the concepts of data capture and retrieval-on-demand. The network forensics solution must provide an immediate and indexed answer to an investigator pursuing an event. It is crucial that security officers can quickly go to the time and place of the event to start analysis, and waiting several hours for this initial answer can cause serious delays while the attacker may still be inside.
The enormous volume of data flooding today’s networks pose a significant challenge to IT security teams. It can be tedious and often quite expensive to store and analyze every single data packet. This reality drives the need to retrieve data on demand with a few simple commands. In this scenario, users are able to get to the root of the problem by accessing the packets from a certain server or time period.
In the final analysis, it is crucial to capture date, but just as important are the twin components of rapid retrieval speed and data on demand. This creates a layered solution approach that creates a higher and wider security prevention perimeter. That’s a good start, but this approach also gives IT teams the real-time, on-demand security detection capabilities they need to detect events and determine the root source of the breach. This creates a robust security framework, whether threats emerge from outside the network or from within.
About the author:
Daniel Joseph Barry (News - Alert) is VP Positioning and Chief Evangelist at Napatech and has over 20 years’ experience in the IT and Telecom industry. Prior to joining Napatech (News - Alert) in 2009, Dan Joe was Marketing Director at TPACK, a leading supplier of transport chip solutions to the Telecom sector. From 2001 to 2005, he was Director of Sales and Business Development at optical component vendor NKT Integration (now Ignis Photonyx) following various positions in product development, business development and product management at Ericsson (News - Alert). Dan Joe joined Ericsson in 1995 from a position in the R&D department of Jutland Telecom (now TDC). He has an MBA and a BSc degree in Electronic Engineering from Trinity College Dublin. | <urn:uuid:a9a7d0c7-e11d-47ef-a31c-be5fd912181b> | CC-MAIN-2019-43 | http://it.tmcnet.com/topics/it/articles/2017/09/28/434763-layered-approach-todays-network-threat-landscape.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-43/segments/1570986666959.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20191016090425-20191016113925-00559.warc.gz | en | 0.94921 | 1,422 | 2.546875 | 3 |
locavore n (2006) : a person who attempts to eat foods grown locally. Ex. Locavores grow their own food or buy foodstuffs grown within their region. Usage: cooking
-Webster's New Millennium Dictionary of English,
Preview Edition (v 0.9.7)
Some local farms, like Rivermede Farms in Keene Valley pictured above, have thrived in the Adirondacks for generations while others are relatively new. The end result, though, is the same: More and more people are turning to their neighbors for their food and liking what’s on their plates because of it.
(Enterprise file photo — Andy Bates)
Ellen Beberman, pictured at her stand at a recent trial farmers’ market at the Wild Center in Tupper Lake, said she has noticed an increased demand for locally-grown food products.
(Enterprise photo — Nathan Brown)
Beth Spaugh-Barber, pictured at a recent Lake Placid farmers’ market, said she felt called to farm.
(Enterprise photo — Nathan Brown)
Some crazy kale growing at Rivermede a few seasons ago
(Enterprise file photo — Andy Bates)
The New Oxford American Dictionary chose locavore as its 2007 Word of the Year. Pretty quick jump in prestige for a word that was only coined in 2004 by four women in the San Francisco area.
According to www.locavores.com, a Web site run by the founders of locavorism, the average meal travels 1,500 miles before it lands on your plate.
"This globalization of the food supply has serious consequences for the environment, our health, our communities and our tastebuds," it says. "Because uncounted costs of this long distance journey (air pollution and global warming, the ecological costs of large scale monoculture, the loss of family farms and local community dollars) are not paid for at the checkout counter, many of us do not think about them at all."
10 advantages to eating local food:
1. Local farmers choose their varieties based on good flavor instead of shipping characteristics
2. If the produce tastes good it is more likely to be eaten (by kids especially!)
3. Produce ripened on the plant has more flavor and nutrients
4. Farmers often grow unusual varieties for a true gourmet experience
5. Support family farms and neighbors
6. Conserve farmland and your community
7. Fewer miles from field to table reduces fossil fuel consumption and resulting air pollution
8. Know your farmer and support production methods you believe in
9. Reduced time from harvest to consumer keeps produce fresh without waxing
10. Reduced packaging and reduced waste
-List provided by Laurie Davis and Anita Deming
of Adirondack Harvest
Tri-Lakes locavores have a good variety of options during the summer and into the fall. Farmers' markets are held in Lake Placid, Saranac Lake, Tupper Lake, Elizabethtown, Keene, Wilmington, Schroon Lake and at Paul Smith's College. Some are weekly; others are held at more erratic intervals. These are producer-only markets, meaning only those who produce the food can sell at them.
"At producer-only markets, the consumers know that the product was grown locally," said Anita Deming, executive director of Adirondack Harvest, an organization dedicated to promoting and encouraging local agriculture. "Some 'farmers' grow a few things at their farm and buy in the rest for resale. These products are usually good, but they undermine the other farmers at the market who are dealing with the short, cool growing season found in the Adirondacks. Some may misrepresent their product as local, and this is just plain not right."
Locally-grown produce can also be obtained at some stores, such as Nori's in Saranac Lake and Green Goddess Natural Foods in Lake Placid. Price Chopper and Grand Union sell some local products, as well.
The increased interest in locally-grown food has led to the creation of more farmers' markets. Three trial runs of a new farmers' market were held at the Wild Center in Tupper Lake this year.
"There is a lot of interest," said Ellen Beberman, who helped to organize it. "We'll probably do a weekly market in Tupper Lake next year."
This year's third and final trial run at the Wild Center will be held Oct. 2.
Beberman manages both the new market at the Wild Center and the one at Paul Smith's College, which was inaugurated last year and is held on Fridays. She also owns Sunwarm Gardens in Vermontville. At her stand in Tupper Lake, she was selling shallots (an onion, but milder than regular onions), sugar melons, rattlesnake beans and watermelons.
Deming said Adirondack Harvest has increased to 74 members in Essex County from an original 35. She said there are many advantages to buying local, including better taste, more unusual varieties, knowing what you are buying and being able to support your community.
"The local food movement is booming at a community level all the way up to nationally," said Laurie Davis, coordinator for Adirondack Harvest and a farmer herself. "Many people are seeking a return to fresher, simpler foods and often these are foods that don't ship well, thus a local market benefits by selling these items. Another reason, unfortunately, is that there have been repeated scares about the safety of food produced in our industrialized food system. When you purchase food produced locally you have a chance to know your producer and the farm's production methods."
Farmers' markets are nothing new. However, the recent increase in interest in local foods has gone hand-in-glove with the older movement toward organic foods, which started to become popular in the U.S. and western Europe in the 1970s. Many of the offerings at farmers' markets are grown without pesticides, and many farmers now emphasize both their local roots and their organic production methods. Clover Mead Farms in Chesterfield, which brags of "Nearly 200 years of farming tradition," advertises its foods as inspected by a third party for organic certification.
"With third party certification, you don't have to just take our word for it when we say we are organic. We're certified organic!"
However, the rise in interest has also inspired newcomers. Beth Spaugh-Barber started farming in 2000, and has been doing it full-time since 2004.
"It felt like it's what I'm supposed to do," she said. "Timing worked for me, as my job had been eliminated, but I was trying to get my job down to half-time."
Spaugh-Barber owns the Rehobeth Homestead Farm in Peru along with her husband, Tony Barber. At her stand at the Lake Placid Farmers' Market, she had a wide variety of products, including chicken, Muscovy duck, eggs, flowers, onions, broccoli, and a selection of multiple types of tomatoes, both heirlooms and the common modern hybrids.
Spaugh-Barber also sells her wares at the Plattsburgh Farmers' Green Market on Thursdays.
Rhonda Butler owns Asgaard Farm in Au Sable Forks jointly with her husband. The farm used to be owned by the artist Rockwell Kent. This is their first year running the farm as a working farm. Their mainstay is goat cheese, which is produced with the help of cheesemaker Kristen Sandler. They sell it seasonally at the Lake Placid Farmers' Market and throughout the year at their farm.
"We acquired this farm some years ago," Butler said. "It was always our intention to turn it into a working farm."
Butler said she bought some kid goats for her daughter several years ago, originally as pets.
"We fell in love with them," she said. "That became our anchor business, the goat dairy."
She said they also raise beef cattle, and grow wheat, rye and hay.
"We're step by step turning it back into a working farm," she said.
Butler said goats can be milked from March or April, when they give birth, until mid-December. She saves some milk to produce goat milk soap in the winter. She and Sandler said this soap is healthier for your skin than the more abrasive, factory-made soaps in the supermarket.
"It has a soothing effect," Butler said. "Nice lather, but still very creamy."
"It's supposed to moisturize dry skin and be very good for skin problems," Sandler said. Drinking goat's milk, she added, is also healthy for people with problems such as eczema.
But, regardless of whether you're looking for goat cheese, onions or tomatoes, the season is winding down, and many farmers' markets will be closing for the winter in a month or two, so if you haven't yet had your fill of local produce, hurry up.
Contact Nathan Brown at 891-2600 ext. 26 or [email protected]. | <urn:uuid:f6df0d62-6346-48cb-99e5-d4e4780d87cb> | CC-MAIN-2014-41 | http://adirondackdailyenterprise.com/page/content.detail/id/502536/Localize-it-.html?nav=5014 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-41/segments/1412037663612.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20140930004103-00145-ip-10-234-18-248.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.974978 | 1,906 | 3.15625 | 3 |
Health Benefits of Khus-Khus – Khus-khus are seeds that nearly the same as the kidneys shape. Khus-khus also often called as poppy seeds. These seeds have many health benefits and have been used for since ancient civilizations. For more details, here we mention some of the benefits khus-khus seeds for health.
Health Benefits of Khus-Khus
Insomnia is a symptom that makes a person insomnia and could not sleep well. Khus-khus seeds can be used as a natural remedy for insomnia. Drink warm milk that mixed with khus khus seeds is effective to prevent sleeplessness.
2. Prevent constipation
Khus-khus or poppy seeds are a good source of fiber. Khus-khus seeds containing 20-30% dietary fiber which is very good for preventing constipation. The content of this fiber helps bowel movement and cure defecate disorder. Consuming 200 grams of khus-khus can meet your daily fiber needs.
3. Khus-khus for skin care
In Ayurvedic medicine, khus-khus considered very good for skin care. Khus-khus serves as a moisturizer and able to get rid of the itching and burning sensation. Additionally, Acid Linolec in poppy seeds is also useful to treat eczema on the skin.
4. Drugs respiratory disorders
Furthermore, the health benefits of khus-khus are treating respiratory disorders. These seeds are very effective for treating respiratory disorders because they contain an expectorant and painkillers. These kidney shape seeds are able to treat a cough and asthma.
5. Containing antioxidants
Khus-khus seeds are one of the seeds that are rich in antioxidants. So, it is useful for protecting tissues and organs from free radical attack.
6. Pain Killer
Khus-khus is known to contain opium alkaloids that work effectively in reducing pain. In addition, khus-khus also famous as a home remedy for sore teeth, neuralgic pain in the muscles.
7. Cure kidney stones
The next health benefits of khus-khus are very important to prevent the formation of kidney stones. Excess calcium in the body can be absorbed by oxalates that contain in these seeds. This process can prevent crystallization in the kidneys. As a result, khus-khus prevent the formation of kidney stones.
See more: 7 ways to cleanse your kidneys
8. Useful as a sedative.
Furthermore, the health benefits of khus-khus as a tranquilizer. This benefit is due to the content of opium alkaloids in poppy seeds. The content is beneficial to provide a minimal effect on the nerves. In addition, khus-khus also beneficial to reduce coughing and difficulty sleeping.
More: Health benefits of figs
Nutrition Facts in Khus-khus
Khus-khus benefits to health do not escape from a lot of nutrient content in this seed. Among the nutrients is omega 3 fatty acids, dietary fiber, protein. Khus-khus seeds also contain a variety of phytochemicals, thiamin, calcium, B vitamins, and magnesium. Antioxidants are also included essential ingredients obtained on poppy seeds (khus-khus) that useful for keeping the skin tissue and organs from free radicals. | <urn:uuid:2995d1fe-2d1a-414a-b20d-bd1266bcbb22> | CC-MAIN-2020-45 | https://www.thealthbenefitsof.com/health-benefits-of-khus-khus/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-45/segments/1603107869933.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20201020050920-20201020080920-00184.warc.gz | en | 0.940065 | 700 | 2.59375 | 3 |
During stressful times like mid-terms, paper deadlines, finals, and holidays approaching, university students need tips on how to best cope with their stress. In a survey done a Penn, students identified stress as their number one health concern. We at CAPS understand this and want to provide you with some quick and easy strategies to help you deal with these times a little better.
First, you should know that stress is a set of feelings, thoughts, physical, and behavioral symptoms that arise from any situation or event that requires adjustment or change. Stress can be healthy if it increases motivation and concentration, as well as improves performance for an individual.
Too much stress can be unhealthy if it creates negative experiences, decreases ability to perform, creates a sense of helplessness, and threatens overall health. Negative symptoms of stress may include feelings of anxiousness, irritability, worry, self-critical and indecisive thoughts, increase in smoking, alcohol, and substance use, as well as muscle aches, sleep difficulties, headaches, and other physical symptoms.
TIPS TO MANAGE YOUR NEGATIVE STRESS:
- While we a CAPS certainly recognize that you may not feel like you have the time, motivation, or energy to incorporate these tips, we strongly urge you to make these easy and quick suggestions a priority during times you feel stress.
- Manage your time effectively. Be able to say “no” to various less urgent responsibilities. Break tasks into smaller manageable chunks. Set daily goals in your scheduler. Reduce distractions as a way to prevent procrastination. For example, shut off your cell phones and e-mails when you are studying.
- 90% of stress is based on our own perceptions that can be viewed as irrational. For instance, not everything has to be perfect. Challenge your “all-or-nothing” style of thinking.
- Use self-care strategies, such as exercising, eating regular healthy meals and taking small study break times
- Take deep breaths when you are most stressed while you also use positive self-talk.
- Keep a good sense of humor and remember “this too shall pass”
- Seek social support to vent your stress. If your negative symptoms persist or get worse, call or stop by CAPS (215-898-7021) to schedule an appointment with a professional counselor and figure out other strategies to reduce your known set of stressors. | <urn:uuid:e4daae29-a645-4c85-9c88-45974d1aeade> | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | https://caps.wellness.upenn.edu/reducingstress/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656104495692.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20220707154329-20220707184329-00175.warc.gz | en | 0.947763 | 500 | 2.796875 | 3 |
Steel buildings have been around for over a century, but the techniques used to construct them have evolved significantly over the years. In 2023, steel buildings are built using state-of-the-art technology and equipment that allows for faster and more efficient construction. In this article, we will take a closer look at how steel buildings are built in 2023.
1. Design and Planning
The first step in building a steel building is the design and planning phase. This involves working with an architect or engineer to develop a detailed plan for the building. During this phase, the building’s size, layout, and structural requirements are determined. The design is also optimized for the intended use of the building, such as a warehouse, office building, or manufacturing facility.
2. Site Preparation
Before construction can begin, the site must be prepared. This typically involves grading and leveling the site, removing any obstacles or debris, and preparing the foundation. Depending on the site’s condition, this can be a time-consuming process that requires heavy equipment such as bulldozers and excavators.
The foundation is critical to the stability and durability of the building. In 2023, steel buildings are typically built on a concrete slab or a pier and beam foundation. The foundation must be designed to withstand the weight of the building and any additional loads, such as equipment or machinery. The foundation is typically poured in sections, with each section reinforced with rebar for added strength.
4. Structural Steel
Once the foundation is in place, the structural steel can be erected. In 2023, the steel used in building construction is typically made from recycled materials and is designed to meet or exceed industry standards for strength and durability. The steel is fabricated off-site and transported to the construction site, where it is assembled using cranes and other heavy equipment. The steel beams and columns are bolted together to form the building’s frame.
5. Roofing and Siding
Once the frame is in place, the roofing and siding can be installed. In 2023, steel buildings can be clad in a variety of materials, including steel panels, brick, stone, rainscreen facade or glass. The roofing can also be made from a variety of materials, including steel panels, shingles, or standing seam metal. The roofing and siding are typically installed using specialized equipment, such as a hydraulic lift or scaffolding.
6. Electrical and Plumbing
After the roofing and siding are in place, the electrical and plumbing systems can be installed. In 2023, steel buildings are designed to accommodate a wide range of electrical and plumbing requirements, depending on the building’s intended use. The electrical and plumbing systems are typically installed by licensed professionals from commercial plumbing companies in Cincinnati who are experienced in working with steel buildings.
7. Interior Finishes
Once the building’s structural components and systems are in place, the interior finishes can be installed. This includes insulation, drywall, flooring, and paint. In 2023, steel buildings can be finished to meet a variety of design requirements, from modern and minimalist to traditional and ornate.
8. Final Inspection
The final step in building a steel building is the final inspection. This is typically conducted by a building inspector or engineer to ensure that the building meets all applicable codes and regulations. Once the building passes inspection, it is ready for occupancy.
In conclusion, steel buildings in 2023 are built using advanced technology and equipment that allows for faster and more efficient construction. From design and planning to final inspection, every step of the process is carefully orchestrated to ensure that the building is structurally sound and meets all applicable codes and regulations. With their strength, durability, and flexibility, steel buildings are an excellent choice for a wide range of commercial and industrial applications. | <urn:uuid:7652b9bd-8bbf-4f73-9e2a-1d981c24d276> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.buzrush.com/how-steel-buildings-are-built-in-2023/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506686.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20230925051501-20230925081501-00441.warc.gz | en | 0.955371 | 786 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Colorado water board in the fire business
Huge fires have created new concerns for Colorado watersheds
Just 15 years ago, it was unthinkable that the Colorado Water Conservation Board would be in the fire business.
But the wildfires that have broken out since 2000 have been larger and more destructive than any in Colorado’s history — including their impact on watersheds the state’s 5 million people depend on.
“Prior to 2000, the largest fire had been 26,000 acres, and that happened in 1879,” said Kevin Houck, watershed and flood protection chief for the CWCB said Thursday at the board’s Pueblo meeting.
Since then, the state has witnessed the Hayman Fire (southwest of Denver), 2002, 137,760 acres; West Fork complex (near Creede) 2013, 110,405 acres; and High Park (west of Fort Collins) 2012, 87,284 acres.
In fact, 28 of the 30 largest wildfires have occurred since 2000.
In addition, 14 of the 15 most destructive fires have been since 2000. These include the Black Forest Fire (509 homes) in 2013, near Colorado Springs; Waldo Canyon (346 homes) in 2012, near Colorado Springs; the High Park Fire (259 homes); and the Fourmile Fire (169 homes) in 2010 north of Boulder.
Many of the fires impact watersheds, including Waldo Canyon, which sent sheets of mud into Fountain Creek last September, and the Hayman Fire, which has caused debris flows for years into Denver and Aurora reservoirs.
Houck praised Canon City officials for the quick response to the aftermath of the Royal Gorge Fire. Last year, the CWCB provided a $485,000 grant for mulching and planting to reduce the impact on Canon City’s water supply.
“The city only used about two-thirds of the grant, so we may get some back,” Houck said. He provided a list of more than $1 million in watershed restoration grants just to deal with fires in 2012-13.
After the East Peak Fire, Huerfano County continues to worry about dry conditions.
Tom Spezze, of the Rio Grand Watershed Emergency Action Coordination Team, gave the board an update on its actives to deal with water quality issues associated with the West Fork Complex and to prevent future fires.
Such fires not only affect water supply, but local economies as well, Spezze said. Creede lost 75 percent of its tourism revenue last July and was 40 percent off for the year.
The fire has left uncertainty in a private tourist camp that operates on federal land near a canyon now prone to flooding.
But the debris and silt after a fire is immense.
“We’re not sure what’s going to happen,” Spezze said. “The debris in one year filled Humphreys Reservoir. It had just been dredged for 25 years’ worth — all for naught.” | <urn:uuid:b85ce3fc-1fd4-4f45-a9e3-f6369d51467f> | CC-MAIN-2016-26 | http://www.chieftain.com/special/2583285-120/fire-colorado-fires-2000 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-26/segments/1466783396106.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20160624154956-00032-ip-10-164-35-72.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.945342 | 623 | 2.859375 | 3 |
Environmental assessments play an important role among environmental protection instruments in the economy. Three main cases of such assessments can be distinguished: forecasts of the effects of the implementation of the plan, program, strategy (i.e. the so-called strategic assessments), environmental impact assessment of planned projects, as well as environmental audits, including post-implementation assessments, of existing installations and facilities. In each case, the objectives of the procedure can be different and the assessment methods are defined differently too (Barczak and Kulig, 2017; Zarra et al., 2014). Generally, it is to show that a newly built facility, also modernized or extended, meets the environmental protection standards included in legal regulations and administrative decisions. In the case of modernization or extension of the facility, it must additionally be shown that the ecological goal of the project has been achieved. As far as odour effects are concerned, the main goal of the research is to determine whether the plant (installation) being potential source of odorants emission put into operation will not be nuisance for other users of the area and residents in general. In the article, the methodological aspects of odour testing in post-implementation assessments in sewage management were analysed on the example of a modernized and expanded wastewater treatment plant (installation of the WWTP) located in Central Poland. Field studies on the impact on the environment were carried out based on scented air pollution of objects causing odour nuisance in the analysed area. | <urn:uuid:5d678f7b-9a10-4e68-9b55-21b18269c42b> | CC-MAIN-2019-18 | https://www.cetjournal.it/index.php/cet/article/view/CET1868085 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-18/segments/1555578528702.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20190420060931-20190420082931-00401.warc.gz | en | 0.949992 | 297 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Hi I have a question, my daughter has a Bull frog
and it's skin has started peeling, and I was wondering what could
be the cause of this and what could I do about it?
The first thing I think of is that it's not getting enough moisture.
Amphibians need a lot of moisture on their skin to keep it healthy. Make
sure you spritz the cage with water daily and provide a dechlorinated water
source, such as a little pool or bowl filled up so the frog can sit in it
and keep his head above water. You can dechlorinate the water by putting
some in a clear pitcher in a windowsill with light for at least 24 hours.
Make sure that bowl of water is changed daily. To make sure it's humid
enough, you can buy a humidity meter at any pet store that sells reptile
supplies. Make sure the humidity is at at least 40%, if not higher. I hope
this helps you! Tell me if he starts to feel better!
Click here to return to the Zoology Archives
Update: June 2012 | <urn:uuid:fae3837a-929a-4095-8187-3c2c3800e365> | CC-MAIN-2014-15 | http://www.newton.dep.anl.gov/askasci/zoo00/zoo00817.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-15/segments/1397609539066.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20140416005219-00100-ip-10-147-4-33.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962027 | 231 | 3.125 | 3 |
An International View of Y2K
Most widely used calendars will not have any problem next year.
In many countries, next year will be 1420. When the new year starts in each
of those countries will depend on where that country is relative to the
International Lunar Date Lines, or on actual observation of the phase of the
In Israel the next year will be 5760.
In Thailand and many other countries it will be 2543.
In Ethiopia it will be 1991.
On Java it will be 1922. (Is your browser Java enabled?)
In India the number of the next year is manifold. For Jains alone, it will
be 2057 and 2527.
On Indonesian wall calendars each day's box has several date numbers and day
names. In Bali it is very important to know what day it is. There are
three cycles of weeks that run simultaneously: each day has a name from the
3 day week, another from the five day week, and one from the seven day week.
Together, the three names name the day. The year has 210 days.
Next year will be 89 on Taiwan.
Though its number will be 2000 on government forms, a recent survey showed
that almost half of the people in China, when asked, say:
Next year will be Dragon. | <urn:uuid:d5c1cb34-84f7-46e8-8453-d57dab854a37> | CC-MAIN-2018-47 | http://www.anvari.org/fun/Computer/International_Calendar_Y2k.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-47/segments/1542039743353.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20181117102757-20181117124757-00277.warc.gz | en | 0.895474 | 274 | 2.671875 | 3 |
As technology becomes more and more pervasive in the educational setting, and teachers embrace it in the classroom by way of blended teaching, it becomes more difficult—and also increasingly more important—for parents to understand the tools available to help their children excel while participating in other activities they want to pursue.
Valerie Hartford has spent years volunteering at her two sons’ schools. Some time ago her younger son changed schools and had a lengthy commute to his new school. He is a very involved soccer player and has limited time at night, so it was quite a challenge to find the time to study for tests during the school week.
One morning he was panicking about an upcoming test, and Valerie realized she could help him by recording his outlined notes onto his cellphone. That way, he could listen to the notes instead of music when he was on the bus, getting ready for school or anywhere else.
The strategy worked—his grades improved—and Valerie thought about promoting this idea to other students. But she decided she needed a better solution to help them navigate their notes. If they needed to listen to a certain section, for example, they should be able to rewind or fast-forward to the beginning of a section instead of having to listen to the notes from the beginning again.
They should be able to pick up where they left off, and change the speed of speech, if necessary. She found a software engineer who helped bring her vision to reality via OutlinesOutloud, an iPhone app now available in the App Store.
Below are her recommendations for other technologies, educationally speaking, that parents should be aware of. Please note Valerie is detailing the technology her son currently uses; there are additional options available for younger and older age groups.
Quizlet.com – This is an app that lets you create flashcards. I really like it because of two particular features my son uses: audio and tests. Your student can listen to the content on their phone. This also means they get to absorb the information three different ways: reading, typing and listening.
The other feature that is very useful is the ‘test’ feature. Quizlet will prepare a quick test on the content of their ‘set’ of flashcards. It can create more than one test so they can re-test until they get everything right. They can share the set with their friends and now some teachers are creating sets online for their students to study.
Khan Academy.org – This is a website that offers video tutorials on a wide range of topics. My son first used it for math. He didn’t fully understand a concept his teacher had taught that day in class, and so went on the Khan Academy website to watch a tutorial. He was able to go through the math problem step by step, and replay it if he missed something.
This site is another way of reinforcing what he learned and making sure that he was comfortable with the information. I would really recommend this as a way for your student to review concepts they learn in class.
TeacherVision.com and EdHelper.com – These are sites that offer resources to teachers, but non-educational-professionals can access as well. As parents, we can use these sites to print off work sheets and answer keys so our students can practice in preparation for tests.
Questions covering a variety of subjects are available. You can also create your own worksheets—and puzzles (for younger grades)—or design lessons if you are volunteering in school, as well as downloading resources for class projects. Both websites will add variety to the information needed to review.
Textbooks: By now, most publishers have supplemental practice exercises and review tutorials on their websites. I strongly recommend students use these as they reinforce what their teachers have taught in the classroom. The practice tests on the websites are interactive, so students know immediately if they got any questions wrong and can take the tests again until they get every question correct.
OutlinesOutloud – This is a study tool that allows students to study anywhere without having to haul their textbooks or laptop with them. With OOL, they can study while they’re walking, commuting, waiting in between classes, involved in after school activities, or even just getting ready for school in the morning—in short, they can make more efficient use of their time, which gives them more free time later.
If they are auditory learners, it provides the opportunity to study in the way most effective for their particular learning style. If they are visual learners, it adds to the quality of their study by providing the opportunity for absorbing the information via another sensory channel. With increasing numbers of school districts making iPads available ,students can type and save their class notes straight to their devices (if the teacher permits that in class time), so the notes are ready to listen to right away. It’s a really convenient and easy way to study anywhere.
Valerie Hartford is a mom, founder of StudyOutloud and creator of OutlinesOutoud.
Valerie’s BIO: Valerie Hartford is an innovative mom who gets things done. She’s an advocate for broadening children’s opportunities through education and believes a child’s education is their passport to a more fulfilled life, which, not only allows them to make a positive contribution to society, but hopefully continues through to their next generations.
Valerie’s mission keeps her busy in California with her children, and internationally helping to provide children with a better life. Before leaving her native Ireland, Valerie was with the Investment Bank of Ireland, Dublin. She continues her interest in business as an entrepreneur. | <urn:uuid:ab03c117-b017-489c-81d5-41844516c8c9> | CC-MAIN-2020-40 | https://www.howtolearn.com/2013/10/todays-top-technology-in-education/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-40/segments/1600400283990.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20200927152349-20200927182349-00196.warc.gz | en | 0.971476 | 1,160 | 3.3125 | 3 |
This chart created to help incorporate more strength training into large group classes.
Below is also a list of the exercise descriptions for those who already purchased a chart.
Want a poster for your school? Fill out the form below.
(including progressions and regressions when possible)
THE CHART IS CATEGORIZED INTO CORE, UPPER BODY PULLING, UPPER BODY PUSHING, LOWER BODY HIP AND KNEE DOMINANT, AND LOCOMOTION EXERCISES. BETWEEN INDIVIDUAL AND PARTNER EXERCISES COMBINED, EACH CATEGORY INCLUDES BOTH SINGLE ARM/LEG, DOUBLE ARM/LEG, AND ALL THREE PLANES OF MOTION: FRONTAL, SAGITTAL, AND TRANSVERSE. THE FIRST, SECOND, AND THIRD EXERCISES IN EACH CATEGORY ARE MEANT FOR EVERYONE, WHEREAS THE REMAINING EXERCISES SHOULD BE USED SELECTIVELY.
INDIVIDUAL CORE EXERCISES (1-5)
1. Keep your core tight. Remain stiff like a board. Hold the position
2. Walk your hands out as far as they can go, then inch your feet up about the same distance your hands traveled. Travel more or less depending on your ability
3. Remain stiff like a board. Hold the position. If you cannot hold this exercise you can either put your feet together and or drop onto your forearm for assistance. This exercise can be done with movement in a line drill by rotating from your right lateral position, to a push up position, then to your left lateral position. Show you have control of each position by pausing before rotating.
4. From a push up position reach your right arm out and lift your left leg up. Return to a push up position. Reach your left hand out and lift your right leg up. Breathe in while you are in the push up position. Breathe out as you hold the reach and lift. Hold and show you can control the position. If you cannot reach and lift at the same time, try performing one at a time (Just the reach or just the lift).
5. Without bending your knees walk forward in a plank position. As your right forearm reaches your left foot steps. As your left forearm reaches your right foot steps. Inch your way forward with small movements
INDIVIDUAL UPPER BODY PULL EXERCISES (6)
6. Reach as far as you can with both hands and drag your body forward by pulling with your right and left arms at the same time.
INDIVIDUAL UPPER BODY PUSHING EXERCISES (7-12)
7. Start in a push up position. Put your right elbow down, left elbow down, right hand up and left hand up (elbow, elbow, hand, hand). If you do your right elbow first on your first pushup, do your left elbow first on your next push up. Keep alternating sides.
8. This is your common pushup. Use a complete range of motion by going all the way down and all the way up, but do not let your body touch the floor. Only your hands and toes should touch. If you cannot perform this exercise drop your knees for assistance.
9. This is your common handstand push up. Kick up high and point your toes to the ceiling for better support. Perform a handstand push up. If you cannot do a push up, just hold the position. If you cannot hold the position, just kick up as high as you can and come back down. Beginners will need to start by only kicking a couple of inches off the ground
10. Walk forward by reaching with your right hand and stepping with your left foot (bringing your left foot toward your left hand). Hold the position as you do a push up (on an angle). Continue to walk by reaching with your left hand and stepping with your right foot (bringing your right foot toward your right hand). Hold the position and do a push up again. Continue walking and performing push-ups.
11. Use only your knuckles to push yourself down the floor. This exercise works great for line drills
12. This is your common single arm push up. Spread your feet for a strong base. Do not rotate the body. Stay completely parallel to the floor. Use a complete range of motion. For a greater challenge, pause at the bottom
INDIVIDUAL LOWER BODY EXERCISES, HIP AND KNEE DOMINANT (13-18)
13. This is your common bridge. Thrust your hips up as high as you can go. To increase the difficulty, perform a single leg bridge.
14. This is your common “burpee” exercise performed with one leg instead of two. If you cannot perform a single leg burpee revert back to a two-leg burpee.
15. Rock back and rock forward. As you come forward rise up from the floor with a tucked leg get up (exercise 16). This exercise allows you to utilize momentum. Use more or less momentum based on your ability.
16. (This is the advanced version of exercise 15) Keep your right leg tucked and your left leg straight out in front of you. Using your right leg extend your hip forward so that your femur and your upper body are in one straight vertical line. If you cannot perform this exercise with the left leg elevated, put it down on the floor for assistance.
17. Rock back and rock forward. As you come forward rise up from the floor with a single leg squat. The exercise allows you to utilize momentum. Use more or less momentum based on your ability. To increase the difficulty perform a single leg jump instead of a squat. To decrease the difficulty use your hands for assistance as you come up off of the floor.
18. This is your common single leg squat. Use a complete range of motion, from a straight leg to as low as you can go. Do not let your heel rise up off of the floor. If you cannot perform a single leg squat try exercise 33 first ( the rear foot elevated split squat).
INDIVIDUAL LOWER BODY LOCOMOTION EXERCISES (19)
19. Sprint hard and fast. Do not jog.
PARTNER CORE EXERCISES (20-21)
20. Keep your feet straight up as if they were pointing toward the 12 on a clock. Reach up and touch your toes. If you cannot reach your toes go as far as you can. If you can pass your toes even better.
21. Drive your legs toward your partner’s chest. Your partner will catch your legs and thrust them back down toward the floor. Do not let your legs hit the floor. Your partner can push as hard as you can handle.
PARTNER UPPER BODY PULLING EXERCISES (22-28)
22. Walk as far back as you can until you feel tension on the belt. Bend your knees, keep your back straight, and row your partner toward you. Walk back until you feel tension on the belt again before you perform your next row. Do not pull with your lower back. Lock your core tight. Movement should only be seen from the elbow and shoulder joints as you row. If you cannot row your partner, have them assist by pushing with their feet (have them assist as minimal as possible). This exercise can also be done by holding your partners ankles for a wider grip, or a belt.
23. Grab your partner’s forearms and row your body up. Partners two and three should try to remain level with one another, and keep their back straight. If you cannot perform a row, pull your feet in closer to make an “L” or “V” shape.
24. Alternate arms and pull yourself up the belt. If you cannot pull yourself up, use your feet to help push yourself. Use as minimal assistance as necessary. Partner two should bend their knees and lower their center of gravity. If needed two people can hold the end for extra support.
25. Lift your partner off of the floor with a single arm row. Use your legs to assist by shifting your weight from your right leg to your left leg. Partner two should give minimal to no assistance depending on your ability.
26. It is hard to see in this picture but their is a belt wrapped around your partners upper back. Grab the belt close to your partner’s armpits for a complete range of motion. Wrap the belt around your hands once so you don’t loose grip. Keep your back straight and row. Partner two should squeeze tight and remain stiff like a board. If you do not have a belt, you can grab your partners forearms for this exercise.
27. Grab the belt as high as you can for a complete range of motion. Wrap the belt around your hands once for a better grip. Hold your core tight and row yourself off of the floor. If you cannot row your body, pull your feet closer making an L or V shape. Partner two should wrap the belt around their traps not their neck, brace the belt with both hands, and bend their knees for support.
28. (This exercise is a far stretch in an effort to include a pull up into this chart without the use of any extra equipment. I have found that with creativity most places have a ledge, bar, or door frame that can be used for pull-ups. However when you find yourself in the situation where this is not possible, this may be an option for some) Grab your partner’s arms and perform a pull up. Keep your legs tucked under your body as you pull yourself off of the floor. Partner two and three should keep their shoulders above their ankles, so they do not lean. *Some people will not be able to perform this exercise. Some people will not be able to perform this exercise with a full range of motion. Use this exercise selectively.
PARTNER UPPER BODY PUSHING EXERCISES (29-32)
29. Push your partner toward the wall. Do not rotate or use your legs to assist. This is an upper body pushing dominant exercise only. Partner two will feel like they want to step but they should not. This exercise can be done with three partners by having partner three stand in place of the wall and performing the same action as you on the other side.
30. Push your partner toward the wall with your left arm. As you catch your partner rotate your torso so that your right shoulder is forward. As you push your partner rotate your torso that your left shoulder is forward. Do the opposite for the alternate side. This exercise is intended for rotational training.
31. Press your partners leg toward the ceiling. Partner two should totally relax their leg or actively push down toward the floor with their heel. The harder they push down the harder the intensity will be. Some partners may not have the flexibility to perform this exercise with a full range of motion. Partners may also stand on a platform or a "step up box" to increase the range of motion.
32. This is your common wheel barrel walk. Be sure to hold your core tight and do not let your back arch. Partner two should hold your ankles tight at their waste to minimize unnecessary movement.
PARTNER LOWER BODY EXERCISES HIP AND KNEE DOMINANT (33-43)
33. Squat down and do not let your heel come up off of the ground. Driving your resting leg down and toward your partner will help this.
34. Wrap your arms below your partner’s bottom, preferably midway on their hamstring and stand up. Partner two will slightly lean over your shoulder to stay balanced on top.
35. Place the belt on your inner thighs to protect your groin. As get into your starting position walk forward, allow your hip to flex back, and your shoulders to tilt forward. Keep tension on the belt. Extend and explode forward with a hip thrust.
36. Squat down and up. Stay synchronized with your opposing partner.
37. When you start this exercise be sure that you and your partner both walk your feet forward enough so that you’re relying on each other to stand up. Do not allow your heels to come up off of the floor. Squat down until your bottom hits the floor and stand up. Stay synchronized with your partner.
38. Wrap around your partners torso and simply stand up. Partner two’s feet will slide back. Return back to the starting position by slowly walking backward until your partner’s bottom hits the floor. If you do not have the range of motion for this exercise, you may be able to make it work by wrapping up higher near your partner's armpits or by starting in the standing position and only going as low as you desire.
39. Lift partner two on your shoulders with a fireman’s carry. Squat down and up.
40. Get into the cradle position by putting one arm behind your partners knees and another behind their upper back. Have them lay back into your arms. When you are in your starting position drive your hips back, allow your shoulders to tilt forward, and keep you back straight. This is a hip dominant exercise. Thrust your hips forward fast and strong finishing the exercise in a neutral position. If you cannot perform this exercise try number 41.
41. This exercise is the same as the cradle deadlift (exercise 40) however the grip is slightly altered. Begin your set up as you would for your cradle deadlift exercise 40. Before your partner leans back into your arms get chest to chest, and put one of your arms in between their thighs. Partner two should also wrap their legs together, and wrap their arms around your torso. This grip puts less stress on your upper body, making it easier to hold your partner up.
42. Use two other partners (not seen in this picture) to help assist partner two onto your shoulders safely. Have those two partners also stay close by and spot. Squat down and up. This is an advanced squat that should be used selectively.
43. Swing your partner from side to side without allowing their feet to touch the floor. This movement is very similar to a kettle bell swing (with a little extra knee bend for support). Perform this exercise explosively.
PARTNER LOWER BODY LOCOMOTION EXERCISES (44-50)
44. Push your partner forward. Partners should resist more or less depending on your ability.This exercise is similar to your sled push with a high pole grip
45. Hold the belt and run backward.
46. It is hard to see but their is a belt in this picture. Make sure the belt is placed on your trap muscle as opposed to your neck. Walk forward with a tiger walk. Partner two underneath you is holding the belt as they are dragged on the floor. This is an excellent exercise and is very similar to your sled push with a low grip.
47. Perform a lateral lunge. Do not use your arms to pull your partner. If you cannot drag your partner, they can assist you by pushing with their feet
48. Have your partner hop on your back. Walk/run forward.
49. This exercise is similar to the trust push (exercise 29). As you catch your partner step back so your feet are together. Step forward as you push. Drive with your lower body as you push forward.
50. Dead-lift your partner off of the ground and walk forward. Partner two should have their knees rise off of the floor, however their hands may remain on the ground lightly as they walk/slide them forward with your movement. This exercise is similar to the strong man exercise known as the duck walk. Partners should squeeze their belly tight and breathe out as they are lifted.
PARTNER FULL BODY EXPLOSIVE EXERCISE
50. This exercise shows as number 50 on the chart but is really meant to be number 51. Maybe it's a sign that I should not have included it, however I could'nt resist. Partners should lay completely relaxed on the floor. Lift your partners shoulders so they are in a seated position. Perform a bear hug squat (exercise 38) so that your partner can stand on their feet. Use the fireman’s carry to get them on your shoulders. Place your hands on their chest and thigh. Partners should inter lock their feet and remain stiff like a board. Slightly flex your knees and hips then extend up with your lower body as you press your partner and throw them forward. The matt is not seen in this picture but throw your partner on a matt or cousin (if you are at the beach or near a pool you can also throw your partner into water). This exercise is a bonus exercise for fun. It is not intended for everyone and should most definitely be used selectively. | <urn:uuid:3c39f864-8868-4964-bcd3-12de1fae02e6> | CC-MAIN-2019-04 | http://www.dojowarrior.com/bodyweightstrengthchart/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-04/segments/1547584520525.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20190124100934-20190124122934-00414.warc.gz | en | 0.941175 | 3,528 | 2.8125 | 3 |
All EU countries are required to monitor their emissions under the EU's greenhouse gas monitoring mechanism, which sets the EU's own internal reporting rules on the basis of internationally agreed obligations.
The reporting covers:
Monitoring mechanism legislation
The EU's greenhouse gas inventory is prepared by the European Commission, closely assisted by the European Environment Agency each spring.
The period covered by the inventory starts in the base year (mostly 1990) and runs up until 2 years before the current year (i.e. in 2014 the inventories cover emissions up to 2012).
The EU inventory is a compilation of national inventories, based on the emissions reported under the EU greenhouse gas monitoring mechanism.
The first glimpse on emissions of the previous year comes from the early estimates of CO2 emissions from energy use, published by Eurostat around April/May. Those estimates cover only one gas and one sector.
To get more complete data, countries also report annually an approximated inventory, containing early estimates of total emissions for the previous year, which is normally published in the autumn.
Under the monitoring mechanism, the Commission is also required to produce an annual report on progress to Kyoto and EU targets for the EU, covering actual (historic) emissions and projected future emissions for every country. It also includes information on EU policies and measures, climate finance and adaptation.
At the same time – every autumn – the European Environment Agency also publishes a more detailed report on emissions trends and projections.
Under the UNFCCC, developed countries are required to make "national communications" to the UN every 4 years, with data on:
From 2014, they are also required to make a report every 2 years ('biennial report'), to enhance reporting on mitigation targets and the provision of support in national communications.
This new Regulation is the instrument which provides the legal basis to implement revised domestic commitments set out in the 2009 climate and energy package, as well as to ensure timely and accurate monitoring of the progress in implementation of these commitments.
The opportunity has also been taken to propose improvements in the legislation in the light of experience gained in implementing the Monitoring Mechanism Decision including its implementing provisions (Decision 2005/166) as well as in response to the international negotiations and various United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) requirements.
In general, the EU's current and future mitigation actions will be facilitated through the enhanced monitoring and reporting system being put in place.
The overall objectives of the new Regulation are:
This Regulation covers reporting from the EU and its Member States required under the UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol.
It covers emissions of six greenhouse gases from all sectors (energy, industrial processes, land use, land use change and forestry (LULUCF), waste, agriculture, etc). It is based on methodologies established under the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and existing aggregated statistical data at the national level.
The reporting under the new Regulation differs from reporting under the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) Directive which covers reporting from companies to Member State authorities and is based on data collected by industry.
Enhanced reporting is essential for the recognition of the Union’s and the Member States' efforts in fulfilling their commitments on the provision of financial, technological and capacity-building support to developing country Parties as agreed at the 2009 and 2010 UNFCCC conferences. In this context the particularity of the EU reporting system must also be taken into consideration which necessitates ensuring quality reporting at both the EU and the Member State level, and consistency of reporting between the EU and the Member States.
The new Regulation:
The new regulation provides the basis for the reporting of auctioning revenues from the EU ETS in line with the provisions of the climate and energy package. It ensures transparency and monitors the fulfilment of the commitment to use at least half of the annual auctioning revenues - amounting to at least €11 billion - for measures to fight climate change in the EU and third countries. This reporting does not impose additional obligations or costs on companies, as it is directed to treasuries/finance ministries.
At the 2009 UNFCCC Conference in Copenhagen, the Union and the Member States committed to providing significant fast-start and long-term climate financing and technological support to developing countries. At the 2010 Conference in Cancun, parties agreed (paragraph 40 of Decision 1/CP.16) that each developed country shall enhance reporting on the provision of financial, technological and capacity-building support to developing country Parties.
The new Regulation secures the transparency and comprehensiveness of reporting on the type and amount of financial and technology support provided to developing countries at both the EU and Member State level as per the commitment made under the UNFCCC. The new Regulation sets out necessary requirements to increase to the extent possible the comparability and consistency of reporting in these areas through the establishment of common rules, methods and formats. This enables the clear identification of gaps and subsequent improvements. On the basis of this systematic, common approach to reporting on support, the EU will be able to demonstrate unequivocal compliance with its obligations under the UNFCCC.
The climate and energy package called for"faster, efficient, transparent and cost-effective monitoring, reporting and verification of greenhouse gas emissions". It also identified areas where action at the EU level would be necessary but where there is currently inadequate or insufficiently accurate data collected at EU and Member State level.
This new Regulation contributes to the 20% emission reduction objective by making the annual review process of reported information faster and more efficient, and by enabling the annual determination of compliance by the Member States with their targets.
The new Regulation also requires specific reporting on policies and measures implemented by the Member States in the non-ETS sectors thereby promoting wider mitigation action at the national level which should help Member States attain their individual targets, and the EU as a whole its 20% commitment.
The Europe 2020 strategy, the new integrated economic policy strategy for growth and jobs, includes the European and national emissions limitation targets as headline targets. The new Regulation allows for the monitoring of progress towards these targets.
Finally, the new Regulation sets the basis for reporting emissions from maritime transport and the non-CO2 impacts from aviation hence paving the way for the implementation of effective measures in these sectors.
As the reporting requirements of the new Regulation are set at the national level based on IPCC methodologies and existing statistical data, the main impacts will be on the national public authorities which are responsible for gathering and analyzing the relevant data and producing the reports required.
The revision will not necessitate additional data collection from SMEs or industry, as there are no direct or indirect reporting requirements imposed on SMEs or industry, and the proposed changes will not have any impact on the administrative burden of ETS installation operators or any other industrial players. The reporting requirements as regards financial and technology support and adaptation apply to national authority level reporting, and do not impose any obligations on companies.
The new Regulation will ensure the availability of better and more comprehensive information on climate change-related issues, facilitate the public's access to available information, and generally promote the long-term goal of raising awareness on climate change issues.
The proposal for a Regulation will be submitted to the European Parliament and to the Council for adoption under the ordinary legislative procedure. Upon its adoption by the Parliament and the Council, the Regulation will be published in the Official Journal of the European Union and 20 days later it will enter into force. The Regulation will fully substitute the current Monitoring Mechanism Decision, will be binding and will be directly applicable in all Member States. | <urn:uuid:184565e6-c1ff-4514-9813-b66434998d8c> | CC-MAIN-2019-39 | https://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/strategies/progress/monitoring_en | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-39/segments/1568514574409.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20190921104758-20190921130758-00215.warc.gz | en | 0.940794 | 1,541 | 3.015625 | 3 |
Test of English for International Communication
TOEIC is a standardized test that measures your listening and reading skills, and or your speaking and writing skills. This exam evaluates your ability to function in international business and real-world settings rather than in an academic setting. Some students take the TOEIC because they want to improve their English. Other students take the TOEIC because they need it for an intensive English course or they want to apply for a job that requires a TOEIC score. Every institution expects a different standard of proficiency from its employees or students.
Here are some of the topics on the TOEIC:
|Typical TOEIC Topics|
Here is the format of the TOEIC:
|Listening and Reading Test |
100 questions, 45 minutes
Part I: Photographs (10 questions)
Part II: Question-Response (30 questions)
Part III: Short Conversations (30 questions)
Part IV: Short Talks (30 questions)
100 questions, 75 minutes
Part V: Incomplete Sentences (40 questions)
Part VI: Text completion (12 questions)
Part VII: Reading Comprehension-Single Passages (28 questions) Double Passages (20 questions)
|Speaking and Writing Test|
About 20 Minutes, 11 Questions
Various tasks including describing a photo, expressing an opinion, and providing a response or solution
About one hour, 8 questions
7 written responses and 1 opinion essay
The TOEIC is developed in the United States, but is used throughout the world. The test developers use American language and spelling. The voices in the listening section are American, European countries or Australian accents.
TOEIC Practice Session
Examples for each part of the TOEIC, and explanations concerning the right and wrong answers. These practice sessions contain questions that are similar to the real test.
Note: Text that appears in blue is what you will be able to read on the real test. Text that appears red is what you will only be able to hear.
20 TOEIC TipsMore information may be found at ETS.
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Planting seeds of hope
A star magnolia is a symbol.
On August 29, 2005, Hurricane Katrina ripped through the Gulf States. The National Weather Service reports that Slidell, Louisiana, located on the north shore of Lake Pontchartrain, sustained winds of more than 176 mph and gusts of over 190 mph, and was hit by a 23- to 26-foot storm surge. The deadly storm damaged over 90 percent of the community and left 40 percent of its citizens homeless.
Though it was dubbed "The Forgotten City" because it had been hit by the eye of the storm but received less press coverage than the flashier New Orleans, Slidell has not been forgotten in Wisconsin and has received support from the City of Beloit to bring back part of what Hurricane Katrina swept away.
In fact, this year, citizens of Beloit (pop. 35,000, which is similar to the size of Slidell) raised about $2,500 and donated it on Arbor Day 2006 for tree plantings in John Slidell Park in Slidell. Like Beloit, Slidell valued its urban forest in the pre-hurricane days, for the sense of beauty it gave the community. As people in Beloit discussed the project, some came to learn that they had relatives in Slidell.
Bruce Slagoski, terrace operations supervisor for the City of Beloit is proud of how the community has come together to support plantings for trees most of them will never see. One couple, he recalls, donated $200 toward the project to mark their wedding anniversary. On Arbor Day, Congresswoman Tammy Baldwin visited Beloit as it celebrated its 18th year as a Tree City USA by planting a star magnolia dedicated to Slidell.
"Beloit reached out to help Slidell and people here have said that if they needed help someday – if a storm devastated their community – they hoped some other community would do the same for them and help them replant their trees," Slagoski says. "None of us can really imagine going through what the people of Slidell did. We can't imagine a Beloit without its trees."
On August 18, 2005, a strong storm roared through Viola. The storm eventually spawned a tornado that devastated the small village, destroying nine homes, one business, and damaging more than 100 other buildings. Additionally, about 1,000 of the community's trees were damaged or destroyed. Total damage was estimated at $2.4 million.
Immediately, volunteers began to arrive to assist with the clean up effort and the replanting of Viola began. The group that formed to put Viola's urban forest back together was named "Trees for Viola."
Because FEMA funding was overextended due to multiple disasters, the Wisconsin Department of Commerce contributed a $600,000 reconstruction grant and another $821,000 came from a block grant. Trees for Viola raised over $29,000 for replanting and other restoration projects and an additional nonprofit organization, the Vernon-Richland Recovery Project, raised over $85,000 in private donations.
On the weekend of April 29, 2006, about 390 volunteers from over 30 volunteer organizations chipped in to help restore Viola's tree-lined streets and yards. About 300 trees were planted that weekend and a celebration dance was held at Viola's community building.
"The elderly of Viola feel the loss of their tree canopy more deeply than the newer residents," says Harley McMillen, director of the Vernon-Richland Recovery Project Inc. and treasurer of Trees for Viola. They lived under the canopy of trees that was destroyed so quickly, and although they are happy that we are now planting new trees, they are saddened that they will not live long enough to see these new trees grow into the beautiful canopy that they treasured so much as residents of Viola."
Trees for Viola plans to build on the replanting efforts over the next two years with the goal of planting its 1,000th tree in April 2008.
– This story excerpted from articles by
Dan Simmons that appeared in the LaCrosse Tribune. | <urn:uuid:fd2c1075-f925-4464-b39c-3e4703824520> | CC-MAIN-2014-49 | http://dnr.wi.gov/wnrmag/html/supps/2006/aug06/hope.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-49/segments/1416931009179.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20141125155649-00051-ip-10-235-23-156.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.973683 | 848 | 2.90625 | 3 |
Slide one: MethodologyOur study comprised mainly a number of qualitative interviews, each lasting a minimumof 25-30 minutes. We approached various kinds of phone users, as well as retailers,attempting to spread our study over the widest range of people possible.The interviews started off with a general overview of people’s phone usage habits, theirpast history with phones, how many phones they’d had, what they use phones for, andwhat they look for in a phone. We tried to find out what our interviewees consideredabsolutely essential in a phone, as well as additional bonus features that they looked forin phones. We then asked them about their favourite phone brands and why they are so.Based on their responses, most of which fortunately for us, tallied with our topic- i.e.Blackberries and iPhones, we asked more questions, and guided the conversation towardsour primary focus- a comparison between iPhones and Blackberries.Our study initially aimed to pinpoint which phone is better, more popular, and why.However, our interviews provided no clear “winner” as such, and so we shifted the focusof our study to a comparison of the two phones, and understanding why people buy both-the good and bad points of both phones.Slide Two: What people look for in a phoneThere are a few things people nowadays consider essential in phones. For the youngerset, it was a camera, music, Bluetooth, etc. The older generation looked for internetaccess, email capability, user friendliness and large memory capacity. As you can seefrom the table, we asked our interviewees which of the two phones- the iPhone or theBlackberry- fulfilled an essential “condition” of a phone more.Our results were:Essential application iPhone BlackberryCamera X XMusic XBluetooth XUser friendliness XMemory X XeMail XIn our interviews, we also asked various phone users why they would buy either theiPhone or Blackberry.People said they would buy the blackberry mainly for its BBM (Blackberry Messaging)service, which allows them to message other blackberry users for free. This proved to beBlackberry’s strongest point, especially amongst the youth, who use text messages morethan the older set, and who can now message their friends who have even gone to collegeabroad for free. Other reasons for the purchase of a Blackberry according to our
interviewees were that it looks nice, the games such as Word Mole and BrickBreaker arevery popular, and that email was very easily accessible on the go with a Blackberry.The iPhone’s USPs were its unique and large touchscreen, which some users said wasvery smooth and comfortable to touch, rather than tapping on keypads. The applicationswhich can be downloaded on the iPhone, which are varied and large in number were alsoa big draw, especially amongst college students who liked playing them in class. Apartfrom its super large memory capacity, as well as the fact that it looked classy, manypeople said it was convenient, as it combined their phone and iPod into one entity.From our study so far, the main insights we gleaned were that the iPhone’s touchscreenand applications were its biggest USPs, whereas the Blackberry’s BBM feature was theonly major factor contributing to its popularity.Slide Three: Why each phone became popularThe iPhone was launched at a time when brand Apple was huge, with the immensepopularity of iPods, the Macbooks, etc. The huge number of people using Apple productslearned quickly of the iPhone’s existence by visiting the Apple website, and the iPhone,even prior to its release, became something of a cult figure amongst the tech savvy andtrend chasing youth. When iPhone released, sales skyrocketed, and people bought itbecause it was such an of the moment trend. The concept of a phone with a touchscreenof that size was new, and everyone wanted a piece of it. The online community spread theword, and rave reviews about the look and applications of the phone led to its initialpopularity. It was only after the initial craze that people began to realize that the phonelacked in basic features like Bluetooth and forwarding of messages (these were twofeatures that people mentioned in particular).Blackberry:The Blackberry smartphone has existed since 2002. It is only recently that the productfaced some kind of revival, due to the introduction of the Blackberry Messenger feature.This feature was a boon to students who love messaging friends, even those who hadgone abroad to study, and found their salvation in the free messaging service. Most of ourinterviewees said they had bought their Blackberries because all their friends had them.In certain cases, this could be interpreted as peer influence, i.e. to be popular and trendyand to have what your friends had, and in some cases, it was a matter of numbers- a largenumber of friends with blackberries made owning a BB convenient, as you could nowcontact them for free. The Blackberry, initially a business phone which relied upon itsinstant email access as it’s USP, metamorphosed into a phone for the youth. Themultimedia features such as music, games, etc. were emphasized upon, to furtheraccentuate this, and it worked wonders for the Blackberry. One of the most quaint waysin which the Blackberry managed to gain popularity was by the trend of putting one’s BBpin number as a Facebook or MSN status. It elicited curiosity and envy amongst theyouth, and worked in the favour of creating more demand for the Blackberry.
Slide Four: Client ProfilingWe covered a large range of people to interview, so as to obtain optimum and mostunbiased results. We divided the results of our study under certain client profiles so as tohelp us understand their input better.I. AGEThe first category was the age of the client.Young people, that is, people under the age of 16, surprisingly formed a part of our targetbase. The popularity of these two phones was evident from this fact alone! Or was it? Wediscovered that a large part of them actually inherited an older sibling/parent’s phone, andthat it was not their choice alone. For those who actually had their own phones, theiPhone was popular because of its applications and user friendliness, and the Blackberrymore due to peer pressure.The youth, who formed the main part of our study said they bought the iPhone because: (i) Applications (ii) Music (iii) It looks “cool”.The Blackberry was mainly popular with them because of the BBM feature. It was a sortof snowball effect that the Blackberry became so popular- three friends ownedblackberries, and so the rest of their friends also bought it to be able to message them forfree, and as more and more people bought Blackberries, the BBM community grew.The older set mostly stayed away from iPhones. The touchscreen concept was too newfor them, and they preferred the good old QWERTY keypad, which they were alreadyused to. The Blackberry was useful to them because of its email feature, internetaccessibility, and GPS. The ones who owned iPhones owned them for certainapplications that were helpful to them in their line of work. Neither the music nor theapplications worked for the iPhone in the case of this group of consumers.II. OCCUPATIONStudents, businessmen, and professionals were the main occupations into which weclassified our target base.The reasons for students to buy either phone are pretty much those of the youth. TheBlackberry has free messaging, has awesome games, and all their friends have them. TheiPhone looks cool and has applications, and can also double up as an iPod.Businessmen shunned the iPhone, it didn’t seem professional enough to them, and theyhad no use for the applications. The Blackberry, on the other hand, had alreadyestablished itself as a business phone in their heads, and they found the email access to be
highly convenient, especially for businessmen constantly on the run. Microsoft Officewas also supported by the Blackberries, and worked in their favour. The businessmen’smain use for the phone was business, and NOT the BBM feature.Professionals such as doctors said the iPhone had applications that were useful to them intheir line of work, and that they had no use for blackberries.III. SEXAnother basis for comparison of the sales process was sex of the interviewee.Males bought the Blackberry mainly because of the games. Being tagged a “businessphone” it seemed older, more mature than an iPhone. The BBM feature was not aprimary factor in purchase of the Blackberry. The iPhone gained popularity because ofthe thousands of applications that could be downloaded on it, and also because boysattached great value to the brand Apple.Girls went gaga over the BBM messaging feature. They love to message and keep intouch, and the free messaging service was the biggest factor in the purchase of aBlackberry. The iPhone’s popularity was more for the giant camera, and because itlooked so nice. The “zooming into photos” feature of the phone also appealed a lot towomen, because it was so novel.IV. PURCHASE PROCESS:We also managed to divide the consumers into groups based on the purchase processes.One type of user was someone who had received the phone as a gift. Both the iPhone andBlackberry were very popular as gifts to give to your adolescent children. However, wealso found out that parents bought the iPhone as a present independent of any influence,and that people who had received Blackberries as presents had usually asked their parentsfor them.The second type of purchase process was according to price. The person buying thephone would have a budget, and depending on this, they would buy a phone which bestsuits their needs. Both phones scored pretty low in this category, the iPhone wasconsidered super expensive, and the Blackberry was not reasonably priced either.However, the cheaper models of Blackberry, recently released, gained popularityamongst buyers.The third type of purchase process was the typical go to a store with a general idea,browse, look at alternatives, compare, decide and finally buy the phone. For theBlackberry, people come in and say “I want to buy a Blackberry.” And they are unawareof the difference between the models, the features, etc, and need to be explained. iPhonebuyers have a fixed idea, and generally spend less time making the purchase decision. Forbuyers of these two phones, price is generally not an issue- they just look for the phone
that suits their needs the best. In fact, a few people said they’d buy the phone BECAUSEit was expensive (this could be some kind of price illusion, that a high price equalssuperior quality and the luxury factor comes in).Slide Five: INSIGHTS:Our observations during this study ranged from the surprising to the funny. We are goingto list the foremost of these below:1. The iPhone and Blackberry crazes could not be as easily compared as we thought theycould be, as we realized later that it was the launch of a new product (the iPhone) versusthe revival of an old product (the Blackberry). Both phones had their reasons for theirpopularity, and each has unique features the other doesn’t possess.2. Both phones were popularized mainly by word of mouth. While the online communityspread the word of the iPhones imminent launch, it was the Facebook statuses and peerinfluences that increased the popularity of the Blackberry. Although both phones arewidely advertised in the print media as well as online, most people didn’t even talk aboutthe advertisement being a factor in the purchase of the phone, but more about howeveryone had it, or that it was trendy.3. There were two types of boys who bought the Blackberry. Those who wanted to playthe games, and bought it because it was a big, manly looking phone. These boys didn’treally use the BBM feature, because they don’t message constantly, and don’t like beingannoyed by the messages. The other kind was the metrosexual man- the kind who liked togossip and message and talk- and they were the ones who bought the Blackberry for itsBBM feature.4. Although the iPhone had more appealing features, such as the touchscreen,applications, and looks, the Blackberry managed to match its popularity with its one mainUSP- the BBM messenger feature, which, it seemed counted for more than all of theiPhone’s features- so said the Blackberry users.5. Users of neither of the two phones mostly said they wouldn’t want either phone. Themain reasons were that both were too big, or too expensive, or too complicated. Peoplesaid that there were less expensive and easier to use phones with the same features.6. The brand Apple seemingly generated more brand loyalty than the Blackberry. Mostpeople didn’t even know that the Blackberry isn’t an independent brand, but a product ofa company called RIM. More BB users said they would convert to the iPhone, if theiPhone had been cheaper. The iPhone users criticized the Blackberry a lot, and said theywould not change. | <urn:uuid:57e76aff-4be2-4444-818c-425e0f6f61fd> | CC-MAIN-2018-17 | https://www.slideshare.net/rheatibrewala/iphone-vs-blackberry-slideshow-transcript | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-17/segments/1524125945317.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20180421184116-20180421204116-00118.warc.gz | en | 0.97899 | 2,785 | 2.625 | 3 |
Osteoporosis is still a common disease, despite the extensive knowledge we have gained from the vast amount of research that has been conducted on this bone disease. Osteoporosis is found more commonly in women as it relates to hormonal changes, but don’t be misled— men can develop it as well. The disease occurs when the structure of the bone deteriorates, which lowers its strength and density. The weakened bones then become fragile and vulnerable to fracture, even from a simple fall. Bone loss tends to occur as we age and when combined with weaker muscles, slower reflexes, and poor balance, falls are more likely to lead to fractures.
There are various pharmaceutical medications on the market that treat osteoporosis, but their success rates are low because the way that they rebuild bone still leaves bones brittle and weak. The optimal method of preventing fractures is a pre-emptive approach, focusing on minimizing bone loss in later years, rather than trying to rebuild deteriorated bones. This goal is very achievable by following some specific lifestyle recommendations that are simple, but require discipline.
1) Commit to weight-bearing exercise, 4-5 times weekly. This includes lifting weights, jogging, or any activity that jars the bones, which triggers osteoblasts to build more bone tissue.
2) Avoid acid-blocking drugs entirely. We need gastric acid, as it is required to absorb minerals, such as calcium. Look to a holistic physician for alternatives to acid-blocking drugs, if you feel you need them.
3) Take supplements containing vitamin D and K2. These vitamins enhance calcium uptake into your bones, so that high-dose calcium isn’t needed.
4) Eat the right healthy foods!
A recent study in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition focused on defining recommendation #4—eating the right foods. What does that really mean? Very little research has addressed dietary patterns in relation to fracture risk, despite the acceptance that nutrients play an important role in building strong bones.
In this study, data was extracted from a different, but very large study. The researchers evaluated the diet in over 4,000 people for over a decade to see if there was a relationship between dietary patterns and rate of fractures. Two opposing dietary patterns became very clearly linked to either bone loss or bone strength. The group that predominantly consumed sweets, animal fat, and low meat intake had much higher rates of osteoporotic fractures and lower bone density. The group that mainly consumed fruit, vegetables, and dairy had higher bone mineral density and lower risk of osteoporotic fractures.
The reasons as to why the second diet was beneficial may be because some vegetables and dairy products are naturally high in calcium and vitamin D. It’s reassuring to know that there are steps you can take to lower your risk of bone deterioration and support healthy bones, beyond pharmaceutical medications with exercise, healthy foods, and supplements!
Am J Clin Nutr. (January 2017). Vol.105 No.1: 203-211.
These statements have not been evaluated by the FDA. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
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Role Of Different Medicine In Fashionable Society
Prior to the rise of scientific drugs in the 19th century, medical practice was a comparatively undifferentiated area. Examples embrace meditation and numerous therapies expressed via art and music. Medical doctors are educated to have an intensive information of the physique’s systems, illnesses, and their remedies. Many patients are actively demanding that medical doctors incorporate these concepts and beliefs into their apply of medicine.
It is typically utilized in palliative care, various therapies are considered as types of treatment, this extra help, which endangers the patient. Her various medication doctor advised her that she had never had a patient who wanted to get pregnant fail to get pregnant.
Whereas complementary medication is used along with standard medication, various medicine is used rather than conventional medicine. As the chairman of the Senate Appropriations Subcommittee overseeing NIH funding, Harkin set aside $2 million to establish the NCCIH’s forerunner, the Workplace of Different Drugs (OAM).
Healthcare professionals resembling nurses, medical doctors, pharmacists, paramedics, nurse practitioners and others who’re keen to get an schooling in non-typical drugs will have more job opportunities. The reason that I began investigating alternative choices was as a result of my mom was at all times sick.
To research various drugs use and its influence on survival compared to standard cancer remedy, the researchers studied 840 patients with breast, prostate, lung, and colorectal cancer within the National Cancer Database (NCDB) — a joint venture of the Commission on Cancer of the American School of Surgeons and the American Cancer Society. | <urn:uuid:982f2923-b931-4d7d-9811-1576780e3078> | CC-MAIN-2018-47 | http://www.la-nouvelle-generation.com/role-of-different-medicine-in-fashionable-society.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-47/segments/1542039744320.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20181118073231-20181118094613-00029.warc.gz | en | 0.955416 | 328 | 2.671875 | 3 |
A non-technical introduction to AI risk
In the summer of 2008, experts attending the Global Catastrophic Risk Conference assigned a 5% probability to the human species’ going extinct due to “superintelligent AI” by the year 2100. New organizations, like the Centre for the Study of Existential Risk and the Machine Intelligence Research Institute, are springing up to face the challenge of an AI apocalypse. But what is artificial intelligence, and why do people think it’s dangerous?
As it turns out, studying AI risk is useful for gaining a deeper understanding of philosophy of mind and ethics, and a lot of the general theses are accessible to non-experts. So I’ve gathered here a list of short, accessible, informal articles, mostly written by Eliezer Yudkowsky, to serve as a philosophical crash course on the topic. The first half will focus on what makes something intelligent, and what an Artificial General Intelligence is. The second half will focus on what makes such an intelligence ‘friendly‘ — that is, safe and useful — and why this matters.
Part I. Building intelligence.
An artificial intelligence is any program or machine that can autonomously and efficiently complete a complex task, like Google Maps, or a xerox machine. One of the largest obstacles to assessing AI risk is overcoming anthropomorphism, the tendency to treat non-humans as though they were quite human-like. Because AIs have complex goals and behaviors, it’s especially difficult not to think of them as people. Having a better understanding of where human intelligence comes from, and how it differs from other complex processes, is an important first step in approaching this challenge with fresh eyes.
1. Power of Intelligence. Why is intelligence important?
2. Ghosts in the Machine. Is building an intelligence from scratch like talking to a person?
3. Artificial Addition. What can we conclude about the nature of intelligence from the fact that we don’t yet understand it?
4. Adaptation-Executers, not Fitness-Maximizers. How do human goals relate to the ‘goals’ of evolution?
5. The Blue-Minimizing Robot. What are the shortcomings of thinking of things as ‘agents’, ‘intelligences’, or ‘optimizers’ with defined values/goals/preferences?
Part II. Intelligence explosion.
Forecasters are worried about Artificial General Intelligence (AGI), an AI that, like a human, can achieve a wide variety of different complex aims. An AGI could think faster than a human, making it better at building new and improved AGI — which would be better still at designing AGI. As this snowballed, AGI would improve itself faster and faster, become increasingly unpredictable and powerful as its design changed. The worry is that we’ll figure out how to make self-improving AGI before we figure out how to safety-proof every link in this chain of AGI-built AGIs.
6. Optimization and the Singularity. What is optimization? As optimization processes, how do evolution, humans, and self-modifying AGI differ?
7. Efficient Cross-Domain Optimization. What is intelligence?
8. The Design Space of Minds-In-General. What else is universally true of intelligences?
9. Plenty of Room Above Us. Why should we expect self-improving AGI to quickly become superintelligent?
Part III. AI risk.
In the Prisoner’s Dilemma, it’s better for both players to cooperate than for both to defect; and we have a natural disdain for human defectors. But an AGI is not a human; it’s just a process that increases its own ability to produce complex, low-probability situations. It doesn’t necessarily experience joy or suffering, doesn’t necessarily possess consciousness or personhood. When we treat it like a human, we not only unduly weight its own artificial ‘preferences’ over real human preferences, but also mistakenly assume that an AGI is motivated by human-like thoughts and emotions. This makes us reliably underestimate the risk involved in engineering an intelligence explosion.
10. The True Prisoner’s Dilemma. What kind of jerk would Defect even knowing the other side Cooperated?
11. Basic AI drives. Why are AGIs dangerous even when they’re indifferent to us?
12. Anthropomorphic Optimism. Why do we think things we hope happen are likelier?
13. The Hidden Complexity of Wishes. How hard is it to directly program an alien intelligence to enact my values?
14. Magical Categories. How hard is it to program an alien intelligence to reconstruct my values from observed patterns?
15. The AI Problem, with Solutions. How hard is it to give AGI predictable values of any sort? More generally, why does AGI risk matter so much?
Part IV. Ends.
A superintelligence has the potential not only to do great harm, but also to greatly benefit humanity. If we want to make sure that whatever AGIs people make respect human values, then we need a better understanding of what those values actually are. Keeping our goals in mind will also make it less likely that we’ll despair of solving the Friendliness problem. The task looks difficult, but we have no way of knowing how hard it will end up being until we’ve invested more resources into safety research. Keeping in mind how much we have to gain, and to lose, advises against both cynicism and complacency.
16. Could Anything Be Right? What do we mean by ‘good’, or ‘valuable’, or ‘moral’?
17. Morality as Fixed Computation. Is it enough to have an AGI improve the fit between my preferences and the world?
18. Serious Stories. What would a true utopia be like?
19. Value is Fragile. If we just sit back and let the universe do its thing, will it still produce value? If we don’t take charge of our future, won’t it still turn out interesting and beautiful on some deeper level?
20. The Gift We Give To Tomorrow. In explaining value, are we explaining it away? Are we making our goals less important?
In conclusion, a summary of the core argument: Five theses, two lemmas, and a couple of strategic implications.
If you’re convinced, MIRI has put together a list of ways you can get involved in promoting AI safety research. You can also share this post and start conversations about it, to put the issue on more people’s radars. If you want to read on, check out the more in-depth articles below.
- Three Worlds Collide
- a short story vividly illustrating how alien values can evolve.
- So You Want to Save the World
- an introduction to the open problems in Friendly Artificial Intelligence.
- Intelligence Explosion FAQ
- a broad overview of common misconceptions about AI risk.
- The Singularity: A Philosophical Analysis
- a detailed but non-technical argument for expecting intelligence explosion, with an assessment of the moral significance of synthetic human and non-human intelligence.
- When Will AI Be Created?
- a brief introduction to the difficulties of precise forecasting.
- Posted in: cognitive biases ♦ science ♦ value
- Tagged: agi, ai, anthropomorphism, artificial general intelligence, artificial intelligence, black box, eliezer yudkowsky, evolution, intelligence, intelligence explosion, lesswrong, luke muehlhauser, meta-ethics, mind, morality, optimization, philosophy of mind, prisoner's dilemma, singularity, superintelligence, value | <urn:uuid:7b207b36-4135-4d42-9e0c-f33028629d71> | CC-MAIN-2015-22 | http://nothingismere.com/2013/08/28/a-non-technical-introduction-to-ai-risk/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-22/segments/1432207931085.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20150521113211-00130-ip-10-180-206-219.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.897939 | 1,646 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Understanding patterns in forest tent caterpillar outbreaks
Forest tent caterpillar (Malacosoma disstria), an insect pest native to North America, has historically caused extensive defoliation of trembling aspen, oak, ash, maple and white birch. The area defoliated by forest tent caterpillar ranged from 14.3 million hectares in 2001 to 150,000 hectares in 2009. Widespread outbreaks have occurred in much of the boreal forest at intervals of 10 to 12 years and typically last 3 years or less at the stand level and up to 6 years at the landscape level, depending on natural control factors such as weather, host-parasitoid interactions and forest structure.
Trees are weakened by repeated defoliation, which makes them more susceptible to stresses such as drought or other pests. Two or more years of heavy defoliation can also result in a severe reduction in the radial growth of trees and may cause considerable branch and twig mortality. Forest tent caterpillar is one of the causes of aspen decline reported in Alberta and Ontario, and tree mortality has been shown to increase with the duration of sustained defoliation.
Population outbreaks of forest tent caterpillar have not been as widely studied as those of other cyclic insects, such as the spruce budworm and gypsy moth. However, forest tent caterpillar outbreaks represent a model system of forest insect disturbance ecology. In addition, from a timber supply perspective, the decline caused by forest tent caterpillar defoliation could have important implications for management planning. Furthermore, if climate change alters the pattern of future outbreaks, the overall health of the boreal forest in Canada could be affected, with potentially serious environmental and economic impacts.
For these reasons, researchers at Natural Resources Canada’s Canadian Forest Service have been working with collaborators to improve our understanding of the disturbance ecology of the forest tent caterpillar by examining historical records of outbreaks. This will help resource managers develop effective pest management strategies. The information will be further used in predicting the influence of climate change on outbreaks and the effects of insect outbreaks on carbon budget estimates.
Patterns of outbreaks
Records of forest insect defoliation in Ontario and Quebec have been maintained since the 1930s. The researchers used Natural Resources Canada defoliation maps from 1938 to 2002 to study the frequency, severity and return interval of forest tent caterpillar outbreaks at a broad scale, in order to better understand the processes driving these outbreaks.
The maps showed that six major outbreaks had occurred, with the infestations lasting 2 to 5 years and recurring every 7 to 11 years. The largest average intensity of defoliation occurred during the period 1951–54.
Degree of synchronization between outbreaks
The researchers also wanted to determine to what degree outbreaks were synchronized among the various regions, as well as the patterns and processes governing synchronization among populations.
The outbreaks recurred periodically and somewhat synchronously among regions of Ontario and Quebec. Three regions—northwestern Ontario, eastern Ontario/western Quebec and southeastern Quebec—showed the strongest large-scale, synchronized fluctuations. However, defoliation in the vast surrounding hinterlands tended to be infrequent and sporadic. In addition, there was one area in northeastern Ontario that stood out as having experienced persistent defoliation between 1992 and 1999.
Factors that influence outbreaks
Previous studies that analyzed data from Ontario found that outbreak cycles of forest tent caterpillar were sensitive to local climate, which can influence temporal processes governing population growth and host-parasitoid interactions.
The Canadian Forest Service researchers and their collaborators sought to determine whether topography or climatic factors had a greater influence on the synchronization of outbreaks. They hypothesized that the ability of insects to disperse in the landscape was more important, with the relatively flat topography of Ontario and Quebec allowing for greater dispersal than the mountainous regions of the west, where there has been less synchronization. Understanding this effect is important in management efforts, because it could help determine the survey range required around new infestations to accurately detect their extent.
Effects on overall health of aspen
Repeated defoliation by forest tent caterpillar may not allow trees to recover to a normal state of health, which can lead to decline. This appeared to be the case in northeastern Ontario, where an area that experienced eight consecutive years of defoliation starting in 1992 was subsequently mapped as in decline in the early 2000s.
The researchers wanted to know if this pattern of outbreak was consistent with the other populations in the insect’s range and if there was an increasing trend in outbreak severity over the entire northeastern region. They concluded that this particular population occupied a region of marginal habitat for forest tent caterpillar and that the population fluctuations followed those of the other populations only if weather and tree health at the time of the outbreak were conducive.
- Date Modified: | <urn:uuid:40dc0c7f-abe1-463c-a040-afa0bafd844a> | CC-MAIN-2014-49 | http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/forests/insects-diseases/13379 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-49/segments/1416931007501.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20141125155647-00019-ip-10-235-23-156.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.955279 | 980 | 3.5 | 4 |
"A blessing in disguise" is a good thing that you don't recognize at first as a good thing. Example: "The hotel is full tonight; we will need to find a new place to stay." Answer: "Maybe it's just a blessing in disguise; I've been wanting to try a new place anyway."
Some people believe that good things are really "blessings" (gifts from God), that we don't always recognize for what they are at first. Example: "I lost my job and was upset at first, but I found a better one and have been much happier since." Answer: "Losing your job was just a blessing in disguise!"
It is as if the good thing (a blessing) were wearing the clothes (in disguise) of some other thing, so at first you do not see it as the good thing that it really is. Example: "My car broke down again, but maybe it was a blessing in disguise; I've been wasting too much time driving around anyway."
Tham thì dễ bị thâm
A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush means that it is better to keep what you have than to give it up and try to get something better. Example: "Dan has asked me to go to a party with him. What if my boyfriend finds out? I don't know if I should go." Reply: "Don't go. A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush."
The thing that you already have is a bird in the hand; the things you want but don't have are two (birds) in the bush. You should not risk losing what you have by trying to get something that you don't have. Example: "I've been offered $250 for my stereo. Should I take it, or wait for a better offer?" Reply: "Take the $250. A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush."
A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush means that we should be happy with what we have and not risk losing it by being greedy and trying to get more.
Tại anh tại ả, tại cả đôi đường, câu thành ngữ tiếng Anh nghe chất hơn nhiều
"It takes two to tango" means that two people in a fight are both responsible for that fight. Example: "He hit me first; it wasn't my fault!" Answer: "It takes two to tango." Just like a dance between two lovers (the tango); one person might start the fight, but they both keep it going; it takes two [people] to [dance the] tango. Example: "Her husband is awful; they fight all the time." Answer: "It takes two to tango." A conflict is not the fault of just one person or the other; they are often both to blame, becauseit takes two to tango.
Có thể hiểu idiom này là đang trong trạng thái " Giận cá chém thớt", người Vn mình hay trong tình trạng này, vì 1 chuyện bực mình của ai, trong quá khứ lại trút vào hiện tại, và vào người khác
A person who has "a chip on his shoulder" is angry because of some thing that happened in the past. Example: "He lost his game this morning, and now he has a chip on his shoulder."
It is easy for a person to get in a fight when he has a chip on his shoulder, because he is already angry about something else. Example: "Watch out for that guy, he's got a chip on his shoulder."
To start a fight, men used to put chips of wood on their shoulder and challenge others to "try to knock it off". Example: "Tom had a tough time growing up, so he's got a bit of a chip on his shoulder."
You can use the definite article ("the") which sounds more general ("a chip on the shoulder"), but more often people use the personal pronoun ("his", "her", "their") to say that that specific person has "a chip on his (her, their) shoulder."Example: "What's bothering that guy?" Reply: "Nothing. He's just got a chip on the shoulder." | <urn:uuid:ef80c994-6325-4868-a9e7-17f6b1c7abf6> | CC-MAIN-2017-47 | http://hoangchaunguyen.blogspot.com/2012/04/e-idioms-every-days.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-47/segments/1510934807044.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20171123233821-20171124013821-00088.warc.gz | en | 0.975069 | 1,033 | 2.546875 | 3 |
First, Firefox refuses to load. Before you know it, basic Word documents are crashing. Finally, your screen goes black. Your computer has “died.”
You knew the end would come; maybe you checked your computer’s “symptoms” online. The “lifespan” of a desktop is only three to five years, after all, and an iPhone that lasts more than a couple years exceeds its “life expectancy.” We treat technology as disposable, yet we ascribe human characteristics to our gadgets. Batteries die; computers "hibernate" and “go to sleep.”
This phenomenon is not as novel as it might seem. The use of the verb “to die” to talk about the breakdown of an inanimate object is nothing new, according to linguists. “Electrical things have been described as ‘dead’ since the start of the twentieth century at least,” said Lynne Murphy, a linguist at the University of Sussex. “The Oxford English Dictionary has an example of a telephone being 'dead' in 1929. Saying that electric machines have died is probably as old as electric machines.” The personification of objects—particularly their untimely ending—isn't just limited to vocabulary, either. Over a hundred people attended a “funeral” for an outdated web browser in 2010, and soldiers regularly hold services for defunct combat robots. We wouldn’t be so intrigued by the idea of a man falling in love with a robot if it seemed outside the realm of possibility.
We might anthropomorphize technology in order to deal with something relatively new and unfamiliar. In Metaphors We Live By, linguists Mark Johnson and George Lakoff argue that we use metaphorical language to create a familiar framework in which to talk about complex or foreign aspects of our experience. “Most of the core vocabulary of modern computer technology is a metaphoric extension of some concept that originally applied in a simpler, more concrete area of life,” said University of Colorado Boulder lexicographer Orin Hargraves. “As their first-resort metaphor, people like things that are easy to conceptualize or visualize. If there's something related to everyday life that does the job, that's what people go for.” We "run" computer programs, then we "shut" them down, although neither of these involve the original, root action of the verb.
If the instinct to anthropomorphize technology stems from some kind of impulse to make sense of technological evolution, what are the implications? Could the language we use to talk about technology influence the way we think about it? It's a debatable matter, but there’s evidence that vocabulary has at least some impact on thought. Speakers of languages without terms for numbers greater than two—so-called “one-two-many" systems—have trouble distinguishing among larger quantities. Speakers of languages that assign gender to nouns attribute gendered characteristics to those nouns. The word “key,” for instance, is masculine in German and feminine in Spanish, and researchers have found that German-speakers are more likely to describe keys as “jagged,” “hard,” and “heavy,” whereas Spanish speakers tend to say they’re “intricate,” “little,” and “lovely.”
Anthropomorphizing our gadgets might help us come to terms with their greater roles in our day-to-day lives, but it could also fundamentally change the way we think about them, making their prominence in our lives seem more natural. People give vacuums and robots names worthy of humans—which might make it seem normal that we're naming kids after technology. (The incidence of the girls’ name “Siri” rose 5 percent from 2011 to 2012.) Will all this "death" of machines change the way we think about death itself?
Image via Shutterstock. | <urn:uuid:871674f3-5034-4ebe-a7c5-19a006de72a9> | CC-MAIN-2019-09 | https://newrepublic.com/article/117270/why-do-we-say-our-phones-and-computers-die | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-09/segments/1550247484689.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20190218053920-20190218075920-00420.warc.gz | en | 0.955758 | 842 | 2.984375 | 3 |
New technology standard could shape the future of electronics design
Scientists at the University of Southampton have discovered a way of enhancing the capabilities of an emerging nanotechnology that could open the door to a new generation of electronics.
In a study published in the journal Scientific Reports, researchers show how they have pushed the memristor - a simpler and smaller alternative to the transistor, with the capability of altering its resistance and storing multiple memory states - to a new level of performance after experimenting with its component materials.
Traditionally, the processing of data in electronics has relied on integrated circuits (chips) featuring vast numbers of transistors - microscopic switches that control the flow of electrical current by turning it on or off.
Transistors have got smaller and smaller in order to meet the increasing demands of technology, but are now reaching their physical limit, with - for example - the processing chips that power smartphones containing an average of five billion transistors.
Memristors could hold the key to a new era in electronics, being both smaller and simpler in form than transistors, low-energy, and with the ability to retain data by 'remembering' the amount of charge that has passed through them - potentially resulting in computers that switch on and off instantly and never forget.
The University of Southampton team has demonstrated a new memristor technology that can store up to 128 discernible memory states per switch, almost four times more than previously reported.
In the study, they describe how they reached this level of performance by evaluating several configurations of functional oxide materials - the core component that gives the memristor its ability to alter its resistance.
Themis Prodromakis, Professor of Nanotechnology and EPSRC Fellow at the University of Southampton, said: "This is a really exciting discovery, with potentially enormous implications for modern electronics. By 2020 there are expected to be more than 200 billion interconnected devices within the Internet of Things framework - these will generate an incredible amount of data that will need processing.
"Memristors are a key enabling technology for next-generation chips, which need to be highly reconfigurable yet affordable, scalable and energy-efficient.
"We are thrilled to be working with world-leading industry, bringing innovations into new electronic systems that require bespoke customisation. Such examples include systems that are employed in inaccessible environments; for example, inside the human body, space or other remote or harsh locations.
"At the same time this technology is ideal for developing novel hardware that can learn and adapt autonomously, much like the human brain." | <urn:uuid:ab819c8f-ff15-4e3e-8e0a-e03358ed83cb> | CC-MAIN-2020-45 | https://phys.org/news/2018-01-technology-standard-future-electronics.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-45/segments/1603107903419.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20201029065424-20201029095424-00308.warc.gz | en | 0.931415 | 516 | 3.46875 | 3 |
Monday, November 6, 2006
We can hardly imagine Sunday without watching a matinee movie, or during this time of year, getting the chips and dip ready for a full day of football. But, for those just over 70 years ago, such activities were strictly forbidden—and even punishable by law. Such Sunday restrictions became known as “Blue Laws.” The term originated in 1781 when New Haven, Connecticut printed their Sunday laws on blue paper. Even after the separation of church and state, such laws remained prominent in North Dakota’s constitution through the 1990s and even today.
From the territorial days of Dakota, Sunday has remained a day of rest, and labor, public sports, retail or wholesale selling, employment in trades, manufacturing and mechanical operations, and undue public traffic were forbidden on the Sabbath day. These laws did loosen some for essential services provided by institutions such as hospitals, broadcasting stations, hotels, and restaurants. Breaking any of the other Blue Laws was punishable by a one dollar fine, although the Norwegian Lutherans tried to have this increased to $25 or imprisonment of 2 to 5 days per conviction.
These laws loosened some in 1920, however, when professional or amateur baseball was allowed to be played on Sundays if “conducted in such a quiet and orderly manner so as not to interfere with the peace and repose of the community, and played between the hours of 1:00 p.m. and 6:00 p.m. at least 500 feet from any church.” That same year, there was an attempt to legalize Sunday movies, but the measure was rejected that year, and in 1930 and 1933 when the measure was again proposed. The argument against Sunday movies was that “six days a week was enough time to pollute the minds of youth.”
Although the measure had failed to pass three times, today in 1934, movies were finally allowed to play on Sunday. For many, it was due time. The North Dakota Theatre Owner’s Association held a series of broadcasts over North Dakota’s major stations to support the measure in the weeks prior to election. The president, John Piler asserted that Sunday amusements were not a religious issue, and that there was a need for wholesome Sunday amusement for the youth. Dr. N. Ashby Jones, a respected Baptist Minister also supported the measure and was quoted saying there was a difference between a civic and religious Sabbath, which clearly defines the right of an individual to his religious and personal freedoms.
The measure was officially approved by the canvassing board on December 6, 1934, and many communities made plans to show afternoon and evening movies the following Sunday. The Paramount theatre in Bismarck advertised the premier of “It’s a Gift” starring W.C. Fields, and the Capitol advertised “Big Hearted Herbert” starring Guy Kibbee.
The repeal of the 1911 law forbidding the showing of Sunday movies was just one of many to come. By 1943, laws had relaxed a great deal, and each year, more activities were allowed on Sundays, including the opening of stores in recent years. Sundays were no longer reserved for the Sabbath, but became a day of movies, sports, and shopping in North Dakota.
By Tessa Sandstrom
“Canvassing board declares Sunday movies approved,” Bismarck Tribune. Dec. 6, 1934: 4.
“Theatre men believe public will support Sunday movie plan,” Bismarck Capital. Nov. 1, 1934: 12.
“Theatres plan first Sunday shows, marking end of movie blue laws,” Bismarck Tribune. Dec. 8, 1934: 1.
Ellefson, Joe. “North Dakota Blue Laws: Are They an Issue for the Past?” November 6, 1990.
Laws Passed at the 24th Session of the Legislative Assembly of the State of North Dakota: page 499. | <urn:uuid:3c582432-380f-476b-a017-7f2828348eca> | CC-MAIN-2015-27 | http://www.prairiepublic.org/radio/dakota-datebook/page/3?post=3970 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-27/segments/1435375099758.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20150627031819-00081-ip-10-179-60-89.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.979789 | 819 | 2.640625 | 3 |
Tuesday, September 6, 2011 - Almanac Vol. 58, No. 2
Top 10's on Security and Privacy
Are you feeling overwhelmed by the risks you hear about when it comes to safe and secure computing? You're not alone. For every risk, there seems to be an endless stream of advice. So let's keep it simple:
On Facebook: Visit the Privacy website to find a Top 10 list and video on how to protect yourself when using Facebook. Did you know that you can create separate lists of friends on Facebook to control who can see what? And that you can limit who can tag you in photos or "check you in" to places? Facebook's greatest feature - the ability to connect you with many people in an instant - is also the source of its greatest peril. Make sure to check this list often, as Facebook terms and services are known to change regularly!
Safe Computing: You know that computer breaches happen every day. But did you know that most can be prevented by following the most basic precautions? Our Top 10 Tips for Faculty and Top 10 Tips for Staff will get you quickly through the most critical topics: firewalls, passwords, wireless, phishing, attachments and more. Read them all here: www.upenn.edu/computing/security/checklists/Top10 | <urn:uuid:c1c50910-0382-4751-a749-369c4efd0808> | CC-MAIN-2015-11 | http://www.upenn.edu/computing/security/footprints/display_tip.php?footprint_id=185 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-11/segments/1424936463637.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20150226074103-00213-ip-10-28-5-156.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.946636 | 268 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Researchers Unveil Quieter, More Fuel-Efficient Aircraft Concept
6 November 2006
|Four views of the SAX-40. Click to enlarge.|
Researchers from Cambridge University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have unveiled their revolutionary concept for a “silent aircraft”: the SAX-40 (Silent Aircraft eXperimental).
Originally conceived in 2003 to make a huge reduction in the noise experienced by people in the vicinity of airports, the design of the SAX-40 also offers improvements of around 25% in the fuel consumed in a typical flight compared to current aircraft.
The designers currently predict the SAX-40 will deliver:
149 passenger-miles per UK gallon of fuel (124 passenger miles per US gallon) compared with about 201 for the best current aircraft in this range and size). This is equivalent to the Toyota Prius Hybrid car carrying two passengers.
A noise of 63 dBA outside airport perimeter. This is some 25dB quieter than current aircraft.
The design is intended for the generation after next of aircraft for entry into service in 2030. The design looked at improving the airframe as well as the engines as half of the noise from a landing plane comes from the airframe. Some of the key design features employed are:
The overall shape of the aircraft which is a single flying wing. This shape allows the body to provide lift as well as the wings allowing a slower approach, thereby reducing noise. The shape also improves fuel efficiency in cruise.
Flaps and slats have been eliminated. These are a major source of airframe noise when a plane is landing.
The undercarriage has been simplified and its aerodynamics improved.
The engines are mounted on the top of the aircraft which screens much of the noise from the ground.
Novel ultra-high bypass engines, which have variable-size jet nozzles to allow slower jet propulsion during takeoff and climb for low noise, and optimization for maximum efficiency during cruise which requires higher jet speeds.
The Silent Aircraft Initiative was funded by the Cambridge-MIT Institute (CMI) in 2003 as a collaboration led by Prof Ann Dowling at Cambridge University Engineering Department and Prof Ed Greitzer, Aeronautics and Astronautics at MIT. The project, with a grant from CMI of £2.3 million, brings together teams involved in different aspects of aircraft design for a multidisciplinary approach. The Initiative has involved 40 researchers from the University of Cambridge and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).
The project has had significant collaborations from all parts of the civil aerospace/aviation industry including: British Airways, BAA, Boeing, Brüel & Kjær, the Civil Aviation Authority, Cranfield University, DHL, easyJet, Eurocontrol, HACAN Clearskies, Lochard, London Luton Airport, Marshall of Cambridge Aerospace, National Air Traffic Services (NATS), Nottingham East Midlands Airport, the Royal Aeronautical Society and Rolls-Royce.
My first reaction on hearing of the Silent Aircraft Initiative was profound scepticism. Three years on, I have to concede that the SAI has surpassed my expectations by quite a margin. The team has produced a high-risk but credible design that is predicted to meet the original target. In retrospect, I ought to have expected a team from Cambridge and MIT, supported by Rolls-Royce and Boeing, to achieve something special. A radical approach to the challenges of the future comes more naturally from Academia than Industry, but the outcome will carry credibility only if the team is sufficiently strong and if it has the support of Industry and access to modern design methods. The SAI team has shown how this can be done.—Dr John Green, Chairman of the Science and Technology Sub-group of Greener by Design
TrackBack URL for this entry:
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2021 Census of India is one of the largest population counting procedures in the world. This census marathon is scheduled to start from this year in most of the states of India. It is one of the longest government procedures in the country after the election, and aadhar card. This marathon exercise is carried out every 10 years in the whole country to know various important factors of Indian people.
In India, the last census was conducted in 2011. This census will be the 16th census to date. This time, the Government of India will use modern technology to figure out various data about Indian people.
Number of Questions in Census 2021
According to this website, there will be a total of 33 questions (approx.) to be asked to the people of India during this procedure. For example, building number, household number, Name of the head of the household, the main fuel used for cooking, the main source of drinking water, and many other such questions.
Who Conducts This Census in India?
This census is conducted by the State Governments based on directions and instructions of the Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. This office is working under the Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India.
What is a schedule of the 2021 Census of India?
As per the latest news reports, the Government of India is going to conduct house listing between April and September 2020. A revision round is scheduled in March. Based on this data also, March 1, 2021, is considered reference data and October 1, 2020 for Jammu and Kashmir and Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh (only some areas for these two states).
What is the importance of this Census Procedure?
The Government of India use this data to formulate/create plans, projects and schemes for the people to enhance and improve their lifestyle. Based on this data, the Government of India actually get information about the social and economical status of each individual family.
Census Data to be collected in 16 Languages
Based on the information available on the official website of the Press Information Bureau, this 2021 census to be conducted in 16 languages of India, which are widely spoken among the people of India.
So, be ready for this long exercise! | <urn:uuid:7dc02db6-5e11-4c3d-8983-5f6421611db1> | CC-MAIN-2021-17 | https://www.mixarenaa.com/2021-census-india/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618038921860.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20210419235235-20210420025235-00445.warc.gz | en | 0.942576 | 451 | 3.421875 | 3 |
Chimps give insight into human tool use
The first ever archaeological excavation of a tools used by chimpanzees may help push back the date that humans first used tools.
The study by Christophe Boesche, a primatologist at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Germany, Julio Mercader, a specialist in rainforest archaeology from the George Washington University and colleagues appears in this week's Science.
The team studied archaeological evidence from chimpanzees in a remote West African rainforest where the chimps use stones and branches as hammers to crack open different types of nuts when foraging.
The repeated occupation of the same site over many seasons allowed for the cracked nut shells and stone pieces that break off of the hammers to build up.
The researchers unearthed materials including more than 479 stone pieces that may have flaked off when smashed on tree roots the chimpanzees used as anvils.
In addition to the possibility of tracing ape culture back in time, the scientists also believe the research will open up new ways of interpreting some early hominid, or human, sites.
"Some of the stone by-products of chimpanzee nut-cracking are similar to what we see left behind by some of our early ancestors in East Africa during a period called the 'Oldowan,'" said Mercader.
The results of the team's research indicates the possibility that some of the technologically simplest Oldowan sites could be re-interpreted as nut-cracking sites.
"We know that flaked stone tools were used 2.5 million years ago, but stone tools may have been used by hominids as long as 5 million years ago," said co-author Melissa Panger, who studies primate tool use at George Washington.
"If we look for assemblages of stone pieces like those we have found left behind by the chimpanzees, we can infer that those assemblages may relate to tool use, even if we don't have the tools."
Until now, archaeologists have focused on buried cultural remains left behind by our ancestors, but with the excavation of the chimpanzee stone tool site, scientists now know that humans are not the only animals whose behavior creates archaeological sites.
This discovery opens up a new territory for archaeology, primatology, and paleoanthropology.
The project was primarily supported by the Max-Planck Institute of Evolutionary Anthropology in Germany. Christopher Boesch, an expert in chimp behaviour at the Institute was the other author of the paper. | <urn:uuid:667d8e76-cf4c-4924-8221-d831dcc9458a> | CC-MAIN-2014-42 | http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2002/05/28/563649.htm?site=science&topic=latest | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-42/segments/1413507444657.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20141017005724-00327-ip-10-16-133-185.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.934486 | 511 | 3.890625 | 4 |
The Faith of Moses
Continues a series of devotions from
Hebrews 11, called The Lonely Road of Faith
23By faith Moses, when he was born, was hid three months of his parents, because they saw he was a proper child; and they were not afraid of the king's commandment. 24By faith Moses, when he was come to years, refused to be called the son of Pharaoh's daughter;
25Choosing rather to suffer affliction with the people of God, than to enjoy the pleasures of sin for a season;
26Esteeming the reproach of Christ greater riches than the treasures in Egypt: for he had respect unto the recompense of the reward.
27By faith he forsook Egypt, not fearing the wrath of the king: for he endured, as seeing him who is invisible.
28Through faith he kept the passover, and the sprinkling of blood, lest he that destroyed the firstborn should touch them.
29By faith they passed through the Red sea as by dry land: which the Egyptians assaying to do were drowned.
Hebrews 11:23-29, King James Version
Moses' faith was evident in his entire life of service to God, beginning with the faith of his parents as they hid him from the Egyptians who were killing all of the males born to the Israelites.
Moses is most acclaimed for his great humility before God, but as Hebrews 11 indicates, that humility is clothed in faith. Being raised in the household of Pharaoh, Moses was a privileged person adopted into royalty. Yet, Moses left all of that for the sake of his own people.
25. Choosing rather to suffer affliction with the people of God, than to enjoy the pleasures of sin for a season; 26. Esteeming the reproach of Christ greater riches than the treasures in Egypt: for he had respect unto the recompense of the reward.
This same faith led Moses in a lifetime of faithfulness to God. As such, he knew God as no other man ever did. God tells us in Deuteronomy 34:10, And there arose not a prophet since in Israel like unto Moses, whom the LORD knew face to face.
What did all of these "People Full of Faith" have in common? Everything they did, every part of their lives was devoted to living in faith before God. This reminds me of a phrase in a song called, What Shall I Give Thee Master:
Not just a part,
or half of my heart.
I will give all to Thee.
Pray that God would grant to you the faith of Moses as you live this day to the glory of God.
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Billionaire inventor Elon Musk has finally unveiled the plans for his "fifth mode of transport", the futuristic 'Hyperloop' megatrain.
The long-hyped high-speed mass transit system was revealed in a 57-page PDF document.
The system would essentially be a solar-powered elevated railway, enclosed inside a low-friction, low-pressure tube. Using air inlets at the front of the train, air would be fed to an electric turbo compressor, feeding it to the 'skis' and the cabin.
According to the designs the Hyperloop Alpha would be capable of transporting passengers at nearly 800 miles an hour - enabling riders to feasibly travel from London to Edinburgh in less than 30 minutes. While the outline document is little more than a 'napkin sketch', experts said it does contain several novel ideas that could one day make their way into a real system.
Musk, who is the co-founder of PayPal, SpaceX and Tesla Motors, said that while he he will probably build a prototype, he does not have the time to make the Hyperloop himself. Instead he hopes that others will be able to take the idea and turn it into a reality.
"If it was my top priority, I could probably get it done in one or two years," he said.
Musk said that the system would be ideal for travel between cities that are about 900 miles apart, admitting that over longer distances super-sonic air travel would probably be faster and cheaper.
In an interview with Bloomberg Businessweek he added that the system would run without a schedule, with pods leaving constantly.
"Generally, though, the safe distance between the pods would be about 5 miles, so you could have about 70 pods between Los Angeles and San Francisco that leave every 30 seconds. It's like getting a ride on Space Mountain at Disneyland," he said.
Check out an artist's rendering of a Hyperloop pod below:
Musk said he was inspired to develop the idea after watching the state of California approve a $70 billion construction plan for a relatively low-speed rail system. His Hyperloop - though currently theoretical - would travel four times as fast, and involve less costs since it would be designed to run above the current Interstate 5 route. He estimates that the system would cost just $6 billion to build, and would reuse some of the same technology that has already seen his SpaceX 'Dragon' capsules successfully send cargo to the International Space Station.
Musk is asking for feedback on the idea to be sent to [email protected] or [email protected]. | <urn:uuid:51def1f5-6556-4ece-9296-3e52633d76c0> | CC-MAIN-2018-09 | http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2013/08/13/elon-musk-hyperloop-uk-design_n_3747385.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891813059.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20180220165417-20180220185417-00708.warc.gz | en | 0.970207 | 536 | 2.671875 | 3 |
What are the potential long-term effects of having COVID-19?
It's hard to say exactly because the coronavirus is still so new that scientists don't know much about long-term effects. The best evidence comes from patients themselves, and some experience a variety of symptoms long after their infections have cleared.
Most people recover within a few weeks. For people who experience longer-term effects, the most common issues are bouts of exhaustion, headaches, anxiety and muscle aches that can last for at least several more weeks.
Patients who required intensive care, including those put on ventilators or kidney dialysis, can experience more serious issues.
Lung scarring can occur in people who developed pneumonia. Heart inflammation, irregular heartbeats, and worsening kidney and liver function have been reported as well. However, it's too soon to know if those could be permanent problems.
Survivors who had long intensive-care stays sometimes need oxygen therapy or dialysis at home. Some also develop a condition called post-intensive care syndrome, which can include persistent muscle weakness and memory problems. That can happen after any critical illness and may be related to sedation and prolonged bed confinement during hospitalization.
Blood clots can also develop during and after COVID-19 infections, occasionally causing strokes. Even in less serious cases, blood thinners are prescribed and can require lifestyle changes to reduce risks of bleeding.
Most symptoms appear to eventually go away, said Dr. Thomas McGinn of the Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research in New York, who was involved in one of the largest U.S. studies of COVID-19 patients.
“It’s just a matter of when. For some patients it may take longer than others," McGinn said. | <urn:uuid:6308345b-e255-4284-a71a-1bd523ee6c26> | CC-MAIN-2021-21 | https://www.wfaa.com/article/news/health/coronavirus/covid-19-long-term-effects/507-e888f689-5075-4ff1-983b-f4a44f48200c | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-21/segments/1620243988858.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20210508091446-20210508121446-00201.warc.gz | en | 0.966944 | 363 | 3.375 | 3 |
The number of Valley Fever cases reported in California rose to 5,372 in 2016 — a jump of more than 70 percent from the previous year. It was the highest number since the state started tracking Valley Fever in 1995. The previous record was 5,213 cases, in 2011.
Historically, about three-quarters of cases have been in the state’s heavily agricultural San Joaquin Valley. Kern County, an agricultural area that encompasses Bakersfield and stretches into the Mojave Desert, had by far the highest number of cases in 2016, with 2,238.
The fungal infection, known as coccidioidomycosis, or “cocci,” is most common in the southern portion of the San Joaquin Valley and along the Central Coast of California. State health officials say they’re not sure what caused the recent increase, but “climatic and environmental factors” could have increased the risk of exposure to the airborne spores that cause the disease, according to the California Department of Public Health.
Most infected people will not show signs of illness. Those who do become ill with Valley Fever may exhibit flu-like symptoms that can last for two weeks or more. While most people recover fully, some may develop more severe complications of Valley Fever, which can include pneumonia and infections of the brain, joints, bone, skin or other organs.
To read more about the spike in Valley Fever cases, read Pauline Bartolone’s coverage. | <urn:uuid:0ab7288a-7a8c-4d72-a137-a5a0f06a43ac> | CC-MAIN-2019-30 | https://californiahealthline.org/multimedia/valley-fever-cases-increase/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-30/segments/1563195528208.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20190722180254-20190722202254-00303.warc.gz | en | 0.956149 | 307 | 3.21875 | 3 |
Evolutionists ‘go ape’ over new fossils
But ho, hum—it’s just another australopithecine.
It’s already being hailed as a ‘momentous discovery’—the ultimate ‘missing link’ in human evolution. This is despite the reality that it could take more than a year to finish the excavation of this skeleton enough for definitive analyses to take place. The foot bones of this creature, dubbed ‘Little Foot,’ have been known for some years. Some clever detective work located the rest of the skeleton, which is encased in a stalagmite in a cave at Sterkfontein in South Africa.
Preliminary indications are that Little Foot1 is an australopithecine, an ape-like creature about four feet tall with a brain one-third the size of modern humans.
The famous footprints at Laetoli [photo available in Creation magazine] are claimed to be ‘proof’ that australopithecines walked upright. Why do evolutionists claim they must be australopithecine prints? Is it because they show the typical (curved) ape’s opposing ‘thumb-toe’ of an australopithecine (shared by Little Foot)? Actually, no. Evolutionist Dr Russell Tuttle concluded that the prints were identical to those made by modern humans who walked habitually barefoot. The Laetoli footprints are claimed to be made by Australopithecus simply because the ‘dating’ does not ‘allow’ humans to have been around ‘then.’
Confusion in press circles about human evolution seems to mirror the confusion in [human] evolutionary circles. London’s Times on 4 August 1998 reported that the famous ‘Lucy’ (so-called Australopithecus afarensis) ‘may not be a human ancestor after all.’ London’s Daily Telegraph, reporting on the Little Foot find on 10 December, featured Australopithecus ramidus (complete with suitable ‘upright’ reconstruction), as an ancestor, seemingly unaware that this has now been renamed to a different genus(Ardipithecus) and quietly shuffled off our family tree.
Actually, analysis of a whole bunch of australopithecine bones by top-flight anatomists2 long ago concluded that it was unlikely that they had ‘transitional’ anatomy. While they may have walked for short spells ‘upright’ (as do some modern apes), this was not in the human manner, but was a unique, rolling type of locomotion, the result of being primarily tree-dwellers.
We agree with those experts who, despite being evolutionists, insist that australopithecines were not in the human line, but were a unique group which spent most of their time in the trees. If anything, they were somewhat like today’s pygmy chimps. In other words, just another type of ape.
The fact that they did not walk upright in the human manner3 was further ‘clinched’ by Dr Fred Spoor’s team using CAT scans on the skull to study the organ of balance. The results on australopithecines to date show they walked like apes, not humans. There is no reason to expect any different result if similar scans are permitted on Little Foot.
Little Foot may be relatively complete, which is important for creationists in that it will now be much harder for evolutionary inventiveness to ‘fill in the missing bits.’ As paleoanthropologist Phillip Tobias says, ‘It’s now going to be possible to see what joins onto what, what kind of teeth go with what kind of hands and what kind of feet.’4
On reflection, this is quite an indictment on the confident way the public has been told about the ‘evidence’ for human evolution. Remove the guiding faith that humans evolved—somehow—and the evidence is consistent with successive post-Flood migrations of a handful of separate created kinds, as discussed by University of Munich paleoanthropologist, Dr Sigrid Hartwig-Scherer.5
References and notes
- The name has been superseded. The official name is StW 573 pending renaming.
- E.g. Charles Oxnard, currently Professor of Anatomy at the University of Western Australia, a recognized authority on human evolution.
- Of course, even if some creature other than man were truly bipedal, it would not prove human evolution, but our point here is that to date even non-human primate bipedalism seems most unlikely.
- Ellen Bartlett, Move over, Lucy, New Scientist 160(2165/6/7):15, 19/26 December 1998–2 January 1999.
- Featured in the video, The Image of God. | <urn:uuid:0f692bd9-c189-4ae2-88c2-c4a66b445d7e> | CC-MAIN-2014-41 | http://creation.com/evolutionists-go-ape-over-new-fossils | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-41/segments/1410657137190.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20140914011217-00267-ip-10-234-18-248.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.951507 | 1,036 | 3 | 3 |
For the love of money is a root of all kinds of evil, and in their eagerness to be rich some have wandered away from the faith and pierced themselves with many pains. 1 Timothy 6:10
Ebenezer Scrooge is perhaps the best-known example of a miser who let his love of money destroy his relationships with his fiancé, his nephew, and his life-long business partner Jacob Marley. Charles Dickens’ much-loved A Christmas Carol has been retold in countless film, book, song, and stage versions.
The story stirs up in many of us the hope that those who horde resources and condemn others to grinding poverty in the process will be visited by the three ghosts who will convince them to mend their greedy ways.
Charles John Huffam Dickens was born in England in 1812. He died 58 years later, having authored books that are still required reading for English literature students: The Pickwick Papers, Oliver Twist, Tale of Two Cities and Great Expectations among others. His work was much appreciated in his own time and has been retold in too many forms and places since to count. He married Catherine Dickens in 1836 and divorced her 10 children and 22 years later to be with a young actress.
Dickens had first-hand knowledge of poverty. He had to drop out of school at age 12 to work in a factory when his father was thrown in debtors’ prison. The experience left an indelible mark on young Dickens’ psyche. The plight of the poor – especially poor children – became the topic of several of his books.
Even without a formal education Dickens managed to edit a weekly journal for 20 years, author 15 novels, 5 shorter works, and hundreds of short stories.
He got his big break the year he marred with the serial publication of The Pickwick Papers. It was common back then to publish novels in installments in weekly periodicals. In 1850 he began publication of his own weekly circular of fiction, poetry, and essays, which he titled, Household Words.
A Christmas Carol was first published in December 1843. He wrote it in part as a response to the misery of poverty-stricken children and in part because his writing income was dwindling and he needed a new source of income to avoid being poor again himself. He needed a smash hit. He wrote one that more than met the need. A Christmas Carol has been in continuous publication for 172 years. | <urn:uuid:e5a47656-d12e-4e87-83be-1cc7ecab08f5> | CC-MAIN-2018-05 | http://howwisethen.com/from-bah-humbug-to-god-bless-us-every-one/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-05/segments/1516084890893.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20180121214857-20180121234857-00035.warc.gz | en | 0.987826 | 501 | 3.203125 | 3 |
OSHA has toughened its standards on silica dust by significantly reducing the permissible exposure level (PEL) in the workplace. Consequently, now is the time to learn the facts about silica dust exposure, how to control it, and—most importantly—how to stay protected from the deadly dust. To help, we created the infographic below to consolidate important information you should know about silica dust and the new regulations. You'll find information pertaining to:
- What the new regulations are
- Health problems brought on by overexposure to silica dust
- The top industries silica dust affects
- The top causes of silica dust
- Machinery that can help control silica dust
VIEW PRODUCT LINE
Silica Dust is one of the oldest known occupational hazards in the world and silicosis is one of the oldest known pulmonary disease. Using a Dust Bunny™ Dust Collector from Industrial Vacuum can safely and cost effectively capture airborne dust from transfer points to safely dispose of. One properly sized dust collector can capture dust from thief hatches on mountain movers, t-belts, blender tubs, sand silos or any other dust emitting source on the pad. VIEW PRODUCTS. | <urn:uuid:eb757ef2-467b-4bdf-bbc8-0d95117f2934> | CC-MAIN-2020-45 | https://www.industrialvacuum.com/infographic-everything-you-need-know-about-crystalline-silica | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-45/segments/1603107863364.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201019145901-20201019175901-00205.warc.gz | en | 0.899833 | 245 | 2.53125 | 3 |
A healthy gut is vital for the optimum performance of poultry. The microbial balance of the gut (Eubiosis) is of importance in maintaining gut health. Intensive rearing of poultry inflicts considerable metabolic stress altering the gut environment and habitat, creating an imbalance in the gut microflora, ultimately affecting flock productivity.
Antibiotics in feed have been used to address this imbalance. Today, world over, there is a move away from the use of antibiotics in feed prompted by legislation and consumer resistance. In the absence of this option, the industry has explored several approaches towards gut modulation and optimisation including the use of probiotics, prebiotics, short chain fatty acids, herbs and spices, essential oils, enzymes etc.
This paper explores the option of combining select Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFA) with a Prebiotic, an approach that has shown very promising results in optimising gut health and consequently improving growth and economic performance of poultry.
For more of the article, please click here.
Article made possible through the contribution of Avitech Animal Health. | <urn:uuid:5eece660-dbfb-44a2-bd74-8eed4114b2c4> | CC-MAIN-2018-39 | http://forum.efeedlink.com/contents/01-06-2009/5e803466-413e-41fb-9541-1cfdf1603fd7-c481.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267156418.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20180920062055-20180920082055-00108.warc.gz | en | 0.9045 | 219 | 2.625 | 3 |
Callysto training workshops empower teachers to lead digital literacy programs in the classroom
Teachers from across Western Canada are embracing their technological curiosity and learning to navigate a new educational platform that will build the computational skills of their students. Callysto integrates research and analytics capabilities, along with other computing functions such as coding, interactive graphics, multimedia, and digital math. The result is a multimodal learning experience for students.
The platform is part of a two-year pilot project by Cybera and the Pacific Institute for Mathematical Sciences (PIMS), who received funding from the federal government’s CanCode program to develop and employ new technologies that promote digital literacy in grades 5-12 classrooms.
Starting in May 2018, the Callysto team has held training workshops with teachers in Western Canada to demonstrate the potential of this free, online, curriculum-based teaching tool. Participants have been provided access to Callysto “notebooks” (think “interactive textbook”) covering an array of subjects — from math to history — to gain firsthand technical experience of this new tool. They have also been given the confidence to explore and experiment with building their own curriculum-based notebooks.
One of the most recent workshops, held at the University of Alberta in June, included a presentation by David Hay, a grade 6 teacher at Westboro Elementary School in Sherwood Park, who has been using the notebooks in his class since September 2017.
“I think Callysto is a great tool, both for hosting student work, as well as the resources that are being developed by the users,” says Hay. “A number of my students have been inspired to solve problems using Python [a type of code] on their Callysto server, even when it has not been part of an assignment. Some even listed Callysto as one of their top five highlights in their year-end reflection!”
As well as introducing the basics of using the platform, the Callysto training workshops are also helping teachers strengthen their digital literacy and flex their computational thinking muscles.
“I have not played with code since I was in high school, but Callysto is super straightforward,” says Jake Ferbey, an elementary teacher at Nellie Carlson School in Edmonton, who attended the June workshop. “Everything we do is online now. Everything revolves around technology. No matter how much you might want to resist it, it is coming. The more you can keep up with technology, the more capable you will be in accessing whatever comes your way.”
“It is a little overwhelming, because of the number of things that can be done with [Callysto], but I am excited,” says Evan Lock, a junior high science teacher at Esther Starkman School in Edmonton, who also attended the June workshop. “Teachers are preparing the next generation for the realities of the world, and we need to make sure our kids are equipped with the right computing skills. I think getting teachers on-board with some of the best tools available will help students be ready for the future workforce.”
Despite some early apprehension, by the end of the workshop, some of the participants were already talking about using Callysto in their schools in the near future.
“I have a group of children who are very interested in code,” says Ferbey. “They love to code, and [Callysto] could be a way for these kids to work on an extension activity from their Google Docs assignments. It might be a little scary for those who have not seen code before, but if you break it down and make it easy to understand, I think everyone — even those who have never worked with code before — could easily wrap their heads around it.”
“We are happy with the progress of the Callysto project to date,” says Dr. Barb Carra, Chief Operating Officer of Cybera. “The positive feedback we have received from educators tells us there is a definite need and desire to increase digital skills and applications in education. We are progressively training more technology-loving teachers on how to use the Callysto platform, so their classrooms, and our leaders of tomorrow, may also benefit from the innovative teaching and learning tool.”
There is no cost to attend a Callysto training workshop, and teachers’ substitute fees are covered by the project. The next round of workshops will begin the week of August 20 in locations across British Columbia, Alberta and Saskatchewan. To see the list of upcoming workshops, or to schedule a workshop with your school, please visit the Callysto Events page. | <urn:uuid:cc9b1424-d003-4b03-af64-d8484eabd7e1> | CC-MAIN-2019-30 | http://www.cybera.ca/news-and-events/news/western-canadian-teachers-trial-new-technology-to-build-computational-thinking/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-30/segments/1563195525402.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20190717201828-20190717223828-00096.warc.gz | en | 0.973023 | 976 | 2.875 | 3 |
Written by Astrid Hansen
It is hard now to picture the beautiful, peaceful Hewenden valley, with its waterfalls and bluebell woods, as a hive of industry even though fascinating reminders of the past can still be seen.
In the 18th and early 19th centuries, textile production in England gradually changed from a hand worked cottage industry, with spinning mechanised some years ahead of weaving. The first mills in the area of Harden and Wilsden were built in the Hewenden valley, their machinery driven by the powerful and reliable waters of Hewenden Beck.
Entering the valley from Cullingworth Road at Hewenden Bridge, the first of the mill complexes is soon reached. This is the site of the original Hewenden Mill. This however was not a textile mill but a water-driven corn mill, already in existence in the 13th century and still operating in 1792 when William Nichols of Farsley built his textile mill on a piece of land leased from Miss Mary Hodgson of Hallas Hall, together with rights to the water supply. The corn mill at this time was worked by John Hague who held a 60 year lease of his mill. William Nichols came to an agreement with him that gave him shares in the new mill and the use of one sixth of the water to operate the corn mill. The new Hewenden Mill was one of the earliest in the Bradford district for spinning worsted. Many other early mills round here spun cotton for at least the first few years of their existence.
William Nichols died in 1800. His eldest son had a farm at Cottingley Bridge and shares in another family farm at Beckfoot and it was the second son, Richard, who took over the worsted mill. The business prospered to the extent that he opened a London office. Richard’s younger brothers, Abraham, John and Samuel, were also involved in the business, but after a family disagreement in 1820, Richard paid them out and they built their own mill, Well Holes, in Wilsden Main Street.
Between about 1820 and 1824, the celebrated Airedale Poet, John Nicholson, worked as a woolsorter at Hewenden Mill and while there wrote one of his best known poems, ‘The Poacher’, based on local life.
When Richard died in 1830, his sons Richard Shaw Nichols and William Schofield Nicholls took over. By 1837 the mill was converted to steam power. The business did not survive the trade crisis of the 1840s and the brothers left, William to Bradford where he set up as a merchant and waste dealer, and Richard to Tasmania.
After this, parts of the mill were occupied by a variety of firms and there were periods of disuse. In the early 20th century the building took on a new and quite different life when it was opened as a roller skating rink. It was made attractive with lace curtains and paper flowers, and such pleasant and innocuous refreshments as tea, lemonade, buns and parkin could be purchased. This was a popular extra draw for the many families and young people who came on foot or by train to enjoy the countryside and the little pleasure garden at nearby Porky Park. From 1914 to 1918 a group of local men, Jos Craven, Arnold White and Harry Hainsworth, opened the mill for weaving. Mr White continued the business until 1925, even installing a modern turbine to make use of the water power again. Mrs Stow, born in 1905, started work there at the age of twelve and remembered it fondly as a nice homely place to work. Shackleton Bros. Wool Merchants were still using the premises in the late 1960s.
The story will continue down the valley to the mills at Hallas Bridge, see the next articles here: | <urn:uuid:45e1a2c4-26fd-4f71-8555-152ce825fa90> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | http://mycommunityhub.co.uk/mills-of-the-hewenden-valley-hewenden-mill-part-1/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257648205.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20180323083246-20180323103246-00447.warc.gz | en | 0.9819 | 781 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Cambodians have seen an inexorable rise in their standards of living in recent years. With the advent of modern living, coupled with rising levels of affluence, current generations are enjoying unprecedented comforts and access to experiences that were once considered rare luxuries. However, getting wealthier does not necessarily mean getting healthier.
As we have seen in many other countries, the benefits of modern living come with potential risks. For many, exercise has been replaced by entertainment. Longer hours are spent at work at the expense of a proper night’s sleep. If taken to excessive levels, habits such as eating out, drinking alcohol and smoking can take their toll.
In 2015, the World Health Organisation (WHO) reported that 60 percent of deaths worldwide were a result of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), especially cancer, hepatitis, stroke and heart disease.“These critical illnesses are imposing an ever greater burden on countries coping with a growing number of cases and the rising cost of treatment,” says Dr. Liu Yunguo, WHO representative to Cambodia.
NCDs are also on the rise in Cambodia. “At least 46 percent of all deaths in Cambodia are due to NCDs, especially heart disease, cancer, diabetes and lung disease, and the numbers are growing,” says Minister of Health Mam Bunheng. According to WHO’s statistics, the number of deaths due to NCDs in Cambodia was more than the total number of deaths due to traffic accidents and communicable diseases, like AIDS and tuberculosis. Executive director of the Khmer HIV/AIDS NGO Alliance, Dr. Oum Sopheap agrees, adding “With the changes in our social habits – eating, drinking, smoking, lack of exercise - we are seeing more and more cases of these silent killers.”
In Cambodia, the effects of these diseases have been especially challenging. Due to a lack of awareness and a reluctance to raise health concerns, medical treatment is frequently not sought until a relatively advanced stage of the disease. “Many of the deaths that were caused by NCDs could have been prevented if they had come to us earlier,” says Dr. Preap Ley, Director of Surgical Department at the Preah Sihanouk Hospital Center of HOPE (SHCH). “Nearly two-thirds of our cancer patients are already at Stage 3 or 4 when they first come to the hospital. At these advanced stages of cancer, it is much harder to treat and the success rate is much lower,” adds Dr. Ley.
Similarly, Choun Kim Cheng of the lung and general health department at SHCH notes that “Many cases of hepatitis, left untreated, evolve into liver cirrhosis, and then into liver cancer. We could save so many more lives if people were more aware and willing to seek treatment earlier.”
Sadly, these diseases affect not just the patient but also significantly impact their families for generations. “In many cases of critical illness, it is the families who suffer… through loss of income due to NCD-related disabilities and the financial burden of healthcare costs,” reports Dr. Liu.
Educating families and communities is the key to starting to win the battle against NCDs. While governmental and non-governmental institutions alike have been promoting public awareness of the issue, the private sector also demonstrates a keen interest in tackling critical illness. AIA (Cambodia) Life Insurance Plc (“AIA”) last month took an initiative to organise an event called ‘Fit for Hope’ to support SHCH in its efforts to promote Cambodians’ awareness of detection, diagnosis and treatment of critical illnesses.
SHCH appreciates support from the private sector. “The ‘Fit for Hope’ event on 21 October provided free breast cancer screening for 174 women, of which four cases were detected. These four women and their families are now receiving the treatment and support they need to overcome breast cancer,” says Bouy Sok, Communications and Development department at SHCH. “The event was attended by about 1,500 people and raised US$10,000 for the hospital which will help us educate people and save thousands more lives in the years to come,” adds Sok. “At SHCH, through the generosity of donors and partners like AIA, we can continue to provide free medical care for the poor and disadvantaged. But it is a fact that disease does not discriminate. NCDs can affect young and old, rich and poor,” observes Dr. Ley.
To safeguard their health and their families, an increasing number of Cambodians are seeking healthcare and financial solutions that are tailored to meet their needs. With nearly 100 years of expertise, the pan-Asian life insurance giant AIA is at the forefront of providing such solutions. “We want to support Cambodians in making healthier lifestyle choices, while delivering the solutions they need to protect themselves and their families against critical illnesses,” says Richard Bates, CEO of AIA in Cambodia. “Our protection against critical illness is unique in Cambodia as it covers both early and late stages of disease. We hope that this is only the beginning of a greater range of support we can offer to Cambodian families and communities.”
As well as staying aware of the risks and early warning signs of disease, doctors invariably advise people to adopt healthy habits. Says Dr. Ley, “Many cases of NCDs can be avoided if people eat a balanced diet, don’t drink excessively, don’t smoke and exercise regularly. And even if you don’t feel any symptoms, please see your doctor for checkups on a regular basis. It can help detect disease at early stages, which has a much higher chance of successful treatment.” | <urn:uuid:e26463e0-ec46-4359-bcbe-d28ab084f532> | CC-MAIN-2018-05 | http://www.phnompenhpost.com/post-plus/wealthier-lifestyle-healthier-lifestyle-protecting-against-risks-contemporary-living | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-05/segments/1516084886416.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20180116105522-20180116125522-00616.warc.gz | en | 0.970071 | 1,193 | 2.640625 | 3 |
We love the heat of the sun on our face. We struggle to navigate after the sun goes down. We rely on the sun for so many things, including using its power to energize our appliances. Read on to find out how to best use solar energy within your own projects.
Switching to solar energy can save a ton on your electric bill. Solar power is absorbed through panels that are properly positioned on your roof. It is especially convenient if you live in an area that gets a long of sun. This will provide usable energy to your home in a much cheaper fashion than conventional electricity.
If you really want to see how your solar panels are working, keep a diary of the day to day energy output. Make a note if you are recording data on a particularly dark or shady day. Having this information can help you to understand how your panels work, and this can help you to optimize their performance.
One of the greatest benefits of solar energy is the fact that it will never run out. Short of the sun burning out, it will always be there to provide us power. Using solar energy is unlike any other energy source because it is a consistent power source and will be there until the end of days.
Try getting recommendations for solar energy home equipment. If you have loved ones or colleagues that have solar energy at home, ask them to provide details of their experience or any issues they've been through with their system. It's important to consider other opinions on what you should or should not do.
When purchasing a solar energy system, make sure that you read the manufacturer's warranty carefully. This is a very expensive item, and you want to know that you will be able to get a replacement in the event something happens to it. You should purchase an extended warranty if the one that is offered is very limited.
If you often travel with your electronic, you should consider investing in solar-powered chargers. These chargers include a small solar panels that can generate enough power to charge your cell phone or another electronic device such as a laptop. There are even cases including a small solar charger designed for tablets.
Many governments offer tax savings for consumers who install green energy products. These tax savings can help offset the installation cost of a new solar energy system. Additionally, many state's also allow you to deduct some or most of the costs of the installation on your state's tax return allowing double savings.
Ideally you should http://optiance-lighting.com/content/public/en/bussmann/wireless/resources/distributor_locatornew.html change the angle at which your solar panels sit at least four times per year, at the start of each new season. Sunlight amounts change based on where the sun is. Changing angles with the seasons will give you the most amount of light and energy possible.
Cleaning your solar panels does not need to be labor intensive. You want to avoid abrasive soaps at all costs, as they can deteriorate and even destroy your panels. So long as there is not caked up dust or bird droppings, frequent rinses with just hose water should be more than enough.
Get your solar system checked two times per year to make certain it is performing well. This check involves examination of the connections as a means to make sure that the panels are angled properly and that the power inverter remains in good working order.
Consider selling extra energy back to your local utilities. If you live in an area of abundant sunshine, you may be able to not only save money on your power, but earn a little extra too. Many power companies allow solar energy users to sell extra power back to them, so be sure to take advantage of the opportunity.
Find a vendor who offers a lengthy warranty for your solar panels. A lengthy warranty is a sign that the vendor has faith in the products and it will help you save a lot of money in case your panels malfunction. Do some background research on the vendor you chose to make sure they are likely to still be around over the next decades.
Always look for a good and qualified contractor to install your solar system. Just because you are having a new technology installed on your home, does not mean that you should look for new contractors. The type of work is very specialized and having a quality contractor with a proven track record is critical to having your system installed properly
Check the condition of your solar panels regularly. Solar panels don't require much maintenance, but they should always be checked and routinely cleaned. You don't want to be surprised by a big utility bill.
When most people think about solar energy, they think that it has to cost a lot of money, but it doesn't. If you want to use solar energy, but you have a limited budget, you can install solar powered lights in your yard. This is a good way to save energy without spending more than you http://www.greenenergycorp.com/ can afford.
Make sure to allow for adequate spacing around your solar panels. When overheated, these panels do not work effectively, and this can diminish the amount of energy they create for your family. Allowing for space between and around each panel helps to promote air flow and maximize both the functioning and lifespan of your panels.
Make sure your solar panels aren't shaded. You need to be sure that there is nothing new shading your panels either. If there's something like a tree in the way, it should be trimmed. Panels work exponentially, so having a fourth of a panel shaded can actually make you lose half of its output. If your panels can't get any sun, you're losing money.
Investing in renewable energies means you will become eligible for a tax credit. You should speak with a tax professional before investing in solar energy to make sure the system you are interested in is certified and will make you eligible for this tax credit. It might be worth it to spend more on your solar energy system if it means becoming eligible for this tax credit.
Now that you're done with this article, you are aware of the myriad of ways solar power can be of benefit. Continue to learn about this natural energy resource. The energy tips discussed can save you time and money for your business or home.
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OKSubscriptions powered by Strikingly | <urn:uuid:6d31eb02-ec3b-45d1-899e-b0bf4cd3c92c> | CC-MAIN-2018-30 | http://site-918363-9093-5856.strikingly.com/blog/great-advice-for-making-best-use-of-the-benefits-of-solar-power | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-30/segments/1531676591481.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20180720022026-20180720042026-00581.warc.gz | en | 0.956495 | 1,306 | 2.65625 | 3 |
Newswise — The Lighting Research Center (LRC) at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute has launched a new collaborative initiative, the Lighting Energy Alliance, to increase the benefits of lighting while reducing its environmental and monetary costs. Member utilities and efficiency agencies will direct the work of the Alliance in order to produce the information needed to effectively reduce lighting energy use. The charter members are Efficiency Vermont, National Grid and Energize Connecticut.
“There has never been a greater need for research on how to improve lighting efficiency without sacrificing quality,” said Dan Mellinger of Efficiency Vermont. Lighting accounts for approximately 18% of electricity use in the U.S., and therefore has a significant role to play in energy efficiency efforts.
“Traditionally, efficiency programs have focused on light source efficacy improvements. However, with recent legislative and market changes, efforts will need to be redirected to more advanced efficiency measures to continue making gains,” said Edward Bartholomew of National Grid.
“More than ever, efficiency programs need to have a clear understanding of what lighting options are the most effective and will provide high quality lighting for users. Consumers are feeling overwhelmed by the wide range of new lighting options,” said Sam Fankhauser of Energize Connecticut.
The Lighting Energy Alliance will meet the needs of its members through product testing, field evaluations, laboratory research, education, and other methods. The Alliance’s work will span a wide range of topics, likely to include lighting controls, efficient light sources, daylighting, lighting design, and human factors. The Alliance is uniquely positioned by being at the LRC because it can tie into the leading research being conducted in light and health, transportation lighting and safety, solid-state lighting, and other areas.
“The Lighting Energy Alliance has the ability to perform the original lighting research that is critically needed right now,” said LRC Director of Energy Programs Jeremy Snyder, who is leading the Alliance. Snyder is currently seeking organizations interested in joining the Lighting Energy Alliance; for details please visit http://www.lrc.rpi.edu.
About the Lighting Research Center
The Lighting Research Center (LRC) at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute is the world’s leading center for lighting research and education. Established in 1988 by the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA), the LRC has been pioneering research in energy and the environment, light and health, transportation lighting and safety, and solid-state lighting for more than 25 years. In 1990, the LRC became the first university research center to offer graduate degrees in lighting and today the LRC offers both a M.S. in lighting as well as a Ph.D. to educate future leaders in lighting. Internationally recognized as the preeminent source for objective information on all aspects of lighting technology and application, LRC researchers conduct independent, third-party testing of lighting products in the LRC’s state of the art photometric laboratories, the only university lighting laboratories accredited by the National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program (NVLAP Lab Code: 200480-0). LRC researchers are continuously working to develop new and better ways to measure the value of light and lighting systems, such as the effect of light on human health. The LRC believes that by accurately matching the lighting technology and application to the needs of the end user, it is possible to design lighting that benefits both society and the environment.
About Efficiency Vermont
Efficiency Vermont was created by the Vermont Legislature and the Vermont Public Service Board to help all Vermonters reduce energy costs, strengthen the economy, and protect Vermont's environment. For more information, contact Efficiency Vermont at 888-921-5990 or visit EfficiencyVermont.com.
About National Grid
National Grid is an electricity and gas company that connects consumers to energy sources through its networks. The company is at the heart of one of the greatest challenges facing our society—to create new, sustainable energy solutions for the future and developing an energy system that underpins economic prosperity in the 21st century. National Grid holds a vital position at the center of the energy system and it ‘joins everything up’. In the northeast U.S., we connect more than seven million gas and electric customers to vital energy sources, essential for our modern lifestyles. National Grid delivers electricity to approximately 3.3 million customers in Massachusetts, New York and Rhode Island. It is the largest distributor of natural gas in northeastern U.S., serving approximately 3.4 million customers in New York, Massachusetts and Rhode Island.
About Energize Connecticut
Energize Connecticut helps you save money and use clean energy. It is an initiative of the Energy Efficiency Fund, the Clean Energy Finance & Investment Authority, the State, and your local electric and gas utilities, with funding from a charge on customer energy bills. Information on energy-saving programs can be found at EnergizeCT.com or by calling 1.877.WISE.USE. | <urn:uuid:0e7caa49-9d31-465d-b132-ad4893b3bf3a> | CC-MAIN-2016-40 | http://www.newswise.com/articles/lighting-research-center-launches-lighting-energy-alliance | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-40/segments/1474738660957.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20160924173740-00270-ip-10-143-35-109.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.939669 | 1,031 | 2.625 | 3 |
You’re in recovery. You know someone in recovery. You’ve heard of recovery but you’re not really sure what it means. We hear you. So, what does it mean?
Recovery refers to a process of healing where people with mental health problems, mental illness or an addiction are empowered to make informed choices about their supports, services and treatment that allow them to live a hopeful and satisfying life.Recovery does not necessarily mean “cured”. Rather, it is a process that happens within individuals. The beginnings of recovery occur when people feel they are able to make decisions regarding their lives, take personal responsibility for those decisions and have hope for themselves and the future. This has been difficult for many with mental illness, particularly because stigmatizing language and attitudes create shame and take away a person’s power. Stigma works against recovery. As a community, we need to support each other and understand that one in five of us will experience a mental illness this year and recovery is possible, even with symptoms.
- Remember, recovery doesn’t mean healed. People in recovery are still healing, learning to manage their condition or learning to break free from negative aspects of the past.
- The word recovery and the stages of recovery vary from person to person. We’re all unique. Celebrate diversity in our approach to mental health and balance in life through learning that the path to recovery is part of the process. Individuals reach different milestones at different points in the journey.
- Never, ever judge. Make listening a priority!
- Encourage a healthy lifestyle in all ways—especially for sleeping, eating and stress reduction.
- Try to reduce stress in the life of your loved one.
- Learn about the recovery process and find out what treatment milestones your loved one has set for themselves or read up on the latest recovery information related to the particular situation. | <urn:uuid:2499319e-209d-4bb7-9a1f-627cbd87e437> | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | https://bridgethegapp.ca/adult-national/knowledge-centre/recovery/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224644913.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20230529205037-20230529235037-00650.warc.gz | en | 0.955095 | 390 | 3.375 | 3 |
Investigating self-recognition in bonobos : mirror exposure reduces looking time to self but not unfamiliar conspecifics
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The question of whether animals have some sort ofself-awareness is a topic of continued debate. A necessary precondition forself-awareness is the ability to visually discriminate the self from others,which has traditionally been investigated through mirror self-recognition experiments.Although great apes generally pass such experiments, interpretations of resultshave remained controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate howbonobos (Pan paniscus) respond todifferent types of images of themselves and others, both before and afterprolonged mirror exposure. We first presented presumably mirror-naive subjectswith representations of themselves in three different ways (mirror image,contingent and non-contingent video footage) as well as representations ofothers (video footage of known and unknown conspecifics). We found thatsubjects paid significantly less attention to contingent images of themselves(mirror image, video footage) than to non-contingent images of themselves andunfamiliar individuals, suggesting they perceived the non-contingent self-imageas novel. We then provided subjects with three months of access to a largemirror centrally positioned in the enclosure. Following this manipulation,subjects showed significantly reduced interest in the non-contingentself-images, while interest in unknown individuals remained unchanged,suggesting that the mirror experience has led to a fuller understanding oftheir own self. We discuss implications of this preliminary investigation forthe on-going debate on self-awareness in animals.
Shorland , G , Genty , E , Guéry , J-P & Zuberbühler , K 2020 , ' Investigating self-recognition in bonobos : mirror exposure reduces looking time to self but not unfamiliar conspecifics ' , PeerJ , vol. 8 , e9685 . https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9685
Copyright © 2020 Shorland et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited. | <urn:uuid:ce84c7ce-4f79-4498-ad70-f2b4f94dced3> | CC-MAIN-2021-04 | https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/handle/10023/20592 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610703517966.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20210119042046-20210119072046-00587.warc.gz | en | 0.885166 | 496 | 2.546875 | 3 |
The use of laptops in elementary and high school classrooms fosters academic success according to a study conducted in the Eastern Townships School Board (ETSB) by Thierry Karsenti of the Université de Montréal Faculty of Education.
The ETSB has jumped from 66th to 23rd in the provincial rankings and the dropout rate has fallen from 39.4 percent in 2004-2005 to 22.7 percent in 2008-2009, says Karsenti. Some might think that the implementation of laptops in the classroom can explain these improvements, but Karsenti isn't bestowing any magical properties to information and communication technology (ICT). In his opinion, a slew of other factors must be present for laptops to have a positive influence in the classroom.
Karsenti and student Simon Collin conducted the study from April 2010 to January 2011 and selected the ETSB because every student from grade 3 to 11 has had a laptop in class for the past eight years. They surveyed 2,432 students, 272 teachers, 14 interventionists, and three school administrations.
Karsenti highlights that the use of computers as a teaching tool increased concentration, reinforced motivation and facilitated both the development and the autonomy of students. In addition, it provides tailored education all the while teaching computer skills.
We are witnessing the opening of schools to society, says Karsenti who holds the Canada Research Chair in Information and Communication Technology in Education. Students post their work online, read what others have done and can work on projects with students in Korea or Paraguay. It almost seems unfair to other students!
Karsenti adds that students with laptops write more than average students and seeing as the computer isn't introduced before grade three they still know how to use a good old-fashioned pencil.
The presence of computers clearly affects the teacher-student relationship.
And although students interviewed disapprove of the use of computers in class for any other purpose than learning, teachers must remain interesting or they risk losing their students to Facebook, MSN, or any other distraction that is more appealing than what is happening in the classroom. In addition, teachers can be challenged by students who are fact-checking online what is being taught.
Explore further: Some characteristics increase the likelihood of getting married and living together | <urn:uuid:9a96a7eb-f0e7-480e-a058-cee32cd134a6> | CC-MAIN-2014-10 | http://phys.org/news/2011-02-laptops-school-classes-scores.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-10/segments/1394011151170/warc/CC-MAIN-20140305091911-00050-ip-10-183-142-35.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.961375 | 468 | 3.046875 | 3 |
By Jenny Jones, HOM Coordinator.
As we are all aware, teaching and learning in schools is very different than when we went to school. We are preparing students for a vastly different future than what exists today and yesterday.
It takes a shift of thinking for some to understand the “21st Century Kid.”
As co educators, parents are after all their child’s first teachers, we need to prepare our children for our increasingly diverse, globalised, and complex, media-saturated society. Today’s kindergarteners will be retiring in the year 2067. We have no idea of what the world will look like in five years, much less 60 years, yet we are charged with preparing our students for life in that world. Our children are often referred to as “digital natives” and technology is a natural part of their daily life. They don’t know a world without computers, ipads, mobile phones, ipods and laptops. Research has shown that these digital natives require a skill set to enable them to be successful learners and to cope with life after school.
That is why the 16 Habits of Mind are so important.
“We want our children to develop those habits that lead them to become lifelong learners, effective problem solvers and decision makers, able to communicate with a diverse population and to understand how to live successfully in a rapidly changing, high tech world.” Art Costa
Much study and research over many years has shown that the Habits of Mind are what make people successful in many walks of life and that these are the dispositions that will help determine one’s satisfaction and success.
It is much more likely that your child will learn these habits if they are reinforced, modelled and discussed at home as well as at school.
No one ever fully masters the Habits of Mind. It is the constant striving to get better at them that describes the continuous learner. | <urn:uuid:a29e6f29-09bc-4baf-b1bc-5bd4225a6363> | CC-MAIN-2018-39 | https://www.wbourneps.sa.edu.au/why-habits-of-mind/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267164750.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20180926101408-20180926121808-00211.warc.gz | en | 0.966609 | 400 | 3.203125 | 3 |
Note from Con Slobodchikoff: This is a post by guest author Randall Johnson, who has contributed a number of posts and comments to this blog.
I remember growing up hearing and reading about the proverbial wisdom of ants. If you check the Old Testament, Proverbs 6:6-8 tell us: “Go to the ant, O sluggard; consider her ways, and be wise. Without having any chief, officer, or ruler, she prepares her bread in summer and gathers her food in harvest.”
And let’s not forget Aesop’s fable, “The Ant and Grasshopper”, which depicted the ant as a forward-thinking planner that gathered food in preparation for the coming winter while the grasshopper danced and played his fiddle, seemingly oblivious to future. This fable was, and still is, used to teach the virtues of hard work and saving and the perils of improvidence.
In the realm of ethology, ants have long been known for their complex cooperative behavior, including simple forms of rescue behavior, i.e., sand digging, which date back to 1874. [Belt T (1874) the Naturalist in Nicaragua. London: Murray].
Now, a new study, Nowbahari E, Scohier A, Durand J-L, Hollis KL (2009) Ants, Cataglyphis cursor, Use Precisely Directed Rescue Behavior to Free Entrapped Relatives. PLoS ONE 4(8): e6573. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0006573, shows just how sophisticated this kind of behavior is.
In a total of 54 tests, the authors experimentally mimicked a natural situation involving an ant restrained by collapsing sand and debris. Hidden underneath the sand was a nylon snare that held the ant in place. If the captive ant was from a different colony or of a different species, the rescue ants ignored it. However, if the captive was a nestmate, the rescuers responded by excavating the sand, exposing the nylon thread, carrying sand away from the snare, and then biting at the snare itself.
These experiments demonstrated that the rescuers were somehow able to recognize what has holding their nestmate in place and direct approach behavior toward that specific object. This shows that rescue behavior is “far more exact, sophisticated, and complexly organized than previously observed,” unlike simpler actions such as digging and limb pulling, which could be triggered by a chemical distress signal.
The tests further showed that rescue behavior is directed exclusively toward a nestmate and it depends on an actively produced eliciting stimulus, most likely a pheromone that contains a component that is unique to each colony. However, pheromones alone don’t explain how the rescuers were able to find the precise location of the nylon thread and target their bites to the thread itself.
The authors distinguish rescue behavior from other types of cooperative acts in that the rescuing ants risk being trapped under the falling sand and there is no reward for the rescuers other than the benefits of kinship relationship.
Obviously, the ‘wise’ ant holds onto more secrets and surprises that might inspire new proverbs and fables.
Note: The PLoS ONE article includes two videos of these experiments. | <urn:uuid:34ab452a-a473-4d65-9721-7906f923b8a9> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.reconnectwithnatureblog.com/2009/11/index.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368709037764/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516125717-00068-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.949029 | 691 | 3.265625 | 3 |
by Amy Brennan
As summer approaches, students, teachers and administrators begin to think about summer plans. Different types of plans come to mind – vacations, beach days, summer camps, and for many there remains an uncertainty that comes from school closing for the summer months. How to we prepare our students for summer? How do we ensure that all their growth over the school year doesn’t get lost over the long, sun-filled summer? How can we ensure that they have opportunities NOT for worksheets, NOT for summer projects, but for READING, the pure joy of reading. This alone can help to eradicate summer reading loss. We need to inspire our students to read all school year long so that we develop a natural culture of readers. If we establish a culture of reading at our schools, the members of our school community will take the culture with them for the summer. At the #G2Great chat on April 12, 2018 we sat at our virtual table and shared ways to inspire readers across all grades.
Collectively Define “Culture of Readers”
As with anything, we first wanted to define what we collectively meant by a culture of readers across all grades. Having a common defintion is important to leading and inspiring any kind of movement. The chat generated so many descriptors that define by example what a culture of readers looks like.
To begin, just a few things can get us moving towards a culture of reading. We need to have books available to read. Once the books are there we need to create an invitation to read. After we have invited readers to the the world of reading we need to allow choice and time to read. Valuing books and readers requires that we set aside resources to purchase books, we set aside resources to store books in bins, on shelves, and on display. Relevent texts need to be available – every member of the school community should be able to see themselves in the books available. When we see ourselves individually, only then collectively we see our community. Discussions about books generate more reading. Book recommendations and choosing to read books together provides opportunities for discussions. Publicizing the books we read, posting the books we are reading on classroom or office doors, or bulletin board in the hallways – these steps all help to inspire a culture of readers. A culture of readers develops from these collective experiences at the building level. It only takes one person in a school to be the leader in this charge. Be that person – find your first follower and the others will follow. Develop your collective culture of readers together as more and more followers join your movement. Reach out to all school community members; administrators, teachers, parents, teaching assistants, teaching aides, secretarial, custodial and lunchroom staff and enlist them to be a part of the culture of readers.
Once we define and put into place structures and develop shared beliefs around reading it is important to spread this across to leaders, teachers, staff and parents. This shift will be most effective and lasting if we are all inclusive – all members of the school community can talk about reading. Sharing books, talking about books, reading books around school throughout the day. All members of the school community should be able to talk to students about the books they are reading. Beginning with a shared book acorss a school can really begin this process. In my former school, we gathered the whole school community around a shared read-aloud – the first one was Wonder by R.J. Palacio. We welcomed students back to school after the winter recess with decorated halls sharing quote of kindness and engaged students in adding decorations and quotes as the read aloud spread through the building.
Develop Your School’s Unique Reading Culture
Once you’ve started, well that is when your school will begin to develop its own reading culture. Include all stakeholders, listen to all ideas and the school will build its own culture around reading. There are so many ways and so many ideas out there, but the important thing is to collectively engage the school community so that the culture represents that school.
Ready, Set, Go!
If your school does not already have a culture of readers, be the first to get the movement started. Be positive, have energy and find those first followers who can help you begin the change. Get students involved, they are the reason this is so important and often they have the most creative ideas – unlike the adults sometimes in a school community their minds are not usually restricted by they way things have always been. Students’ minds flexibly think about possibilities without being held to a vision of what was or has been always done. Above all – READ – people will follow you. | <urn:uuid:d0395fc5-e30b-48cf-910c-34fb7a752d35> | CC-MAIN-2018-51 | http://literacylenses.com/2018/04/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-51/segments/1544376830479.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20181219025453-20181219051453-00205.warc.gz | en | 0.958581 | 953 | 2.984375 | 3 |
Scientists believe they may have discovered why a poor diet during pregnancy appears to raise the chances of having an obese child.
Diet in pregnancy is crucial
Research on mice shows the offspring of underfed mothers experience a premature surge of the appetite-controlling hormone leptin shortly after birth.
Experts believe this surge remodels key brain circuits, disrupting the way the body regulates energy intake.
The research, by Kyoto University, is published in Cell Metabolism.
Leptin is a hormone produced by fat that appears to play an important role in keeping food intake and energy expenditure in balance, so weight is maintained at a steady level.
It is released when a person has eaten enough food to meet their needs, suppressing appetite and producing the feeling of "satiety", or fullness.
It does this by bonding with receptors in an area of the brain called the hypothalamus.
Injections of the hormone given to morbidly obese people have helped them to shed weight.
However, research has also shown that some obese people appear to be resistant to the hormone's effects, despite having high concentrations in their bloodstream.
Evidence has also suggested that a neonatal surge of leptin, which occurs early in the life of newborns, may play an important role in the formation of energy-regulating brain circuits in the hypothalamus.
In the latest study, mice born of mothers who ate 30% less than normal were small at birth and had less fat.
However, the under-nourished newborns caught up with normal mice after 10 days and, when fed a high-fat diet, developed pronounced weight gain and increased leptin levels compared to normal mice on the same diet.
The under-nourished mice had lower body temperatures than normal mice - suggesting they had been programmed to conserve energy.
Analysis showed that the surge in leptin levels occurred six to eight days earlier than normal in the under-nourished animals.
When the researchers mimicked that premature leptin surge by administering the hormone to normally-fed mice, those animals also became prone to obesity upon eating a diet high in fat.
The researchers found premature exposure to a leptin surge seemed to impair the body's ability to transport the hormone around the brain.
They also found these mice were more likely to have abnormalities in the hypothalamus.
Researcher Dr Shingo Fujii said: "The present study suggests that a premature surge of leptin as a result of foetal under-nourishment can alter energy regulation by the brain and contribute to developmental origins of health and disease."
Dr Simon Langley-Evans, an expert in human nutrition at Nottingham University, said: "This theory is very feasible. There is now quite a lot of data to show that prenatal under-nutrition does have a long-term impact on many disease states."
He said animal studies had shown that the pre-natal diet had a profound impact on later eating behaviour.
For instance, rats fed a low protein diet in the womb showed a heightened desire to eat fat.
Other research had shown that a low protein diet led to changes in the density and type of cells in the hypothalamus. | <urn:uuid:2a602c40-5c37-4e8f-b8eb-26f34fee7c2e> | CC-MAIN-2017-13 | http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/4616707.stm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-13/segments/1490218189032.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20170322212949-00032-ip-10-233-31-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.964668 | 643 | 3.40625 | 3 |
Human Robotic Systems: Reaching Out and Touching the Future
Recall that well-known adage, as branded by poet Robert Browning, that to achieve anything worthwhile, a person’s reach should exceed their grasp.
In space, extending the human touch – be it in low Earth orbit or to the Moon, Mars, and asteroids – is bolstered by a fusion of astronaut and robot skills.
“We’re working on human robotic systems, not either or, but robots that make a crew more effective,” said Bill Bluethmann at NASA’s Johnson Space Center (JSC) in Houston, Texas.
Approaching 25 years of robotics work, Bluethmann is the Human Robotic Systems Project Manager at JSC.
NASA’s Office of the Chief Technologist is cultivating new sets of human robotics systems under its Space Technology Program.
As Bluethmann pointed out, “A big part of that is doing in-space work,” such as designing lengthy robot arms that can stretch out and grapple an asteroid.
“Giving astronauts a ‘finesse factor’ to safely work around a space object demands different approaches, given an asteroid’s micro-gravity condition,” Bluethmann said. “Making use of a robotic arm to anchor a piloted excursion vehicle to an asteroid is under study, as is positioning an astronaut over the asteroid to enable up-close-and-personal study.”
Leading edge custom motors and motion control technology is an enabling factor in tightly packaging robotic arms. “We’re able to embed a lot of smarts in the joints,” Bluethmann explained, “rather than running long and heavy wires back to some central spot.”
Shoulder to Shoulder
Designing integrated human robotic systems relies upon three main disciplines: mechanical, electrical, and software engineering. “We work shoulder to shoulder. The tools have gotten better and we have put together great teams,” Bluethmann said.
Another task of human robotic systems is to alleviate the things that astronauts don’t necessarily want to do. “We call those the dull, dangerous and dirty duties,” Bluethmann added. Setting up or tearing down a worksite, even checking a spacecraft’s air flow, he said, is checklist labor that’s perfect for a robot.
An added robot responsibility would be to predict what the next tool an astronaut requires. Once again, robots would work with humans in a complementary way to reduce the burden, or take over repetitive toil, or help mitigate risk.
“We’re not building robots to compete with the crew, but to really make them more productive,” Bluethmann said. The International Space Station has become an ideal place to test-bed human robotic systems, such as the recently installed Robonaut 2, fulfilling a 15 year dream to put a humanoid robot into space.
Melding the human brain with its ability to advise, with smart robots – but also have robots smart enough to ask for help – “is a very powerful approach,” Bluethmann observed.
Work is also ongoing to develop a “hands-free” jetpack.
That device would evolve from NASA’s Simplified Aid for EVA Rescue (SAFER), a small, self-contained, propulsive backpack system used to provide free-flying mobility for a crewmember during spacewalks.
“As we move toward new missions, such as satellite repair, astronauts need to use their hands,” Bluethmann said. An advanced jetpack would encompass human robotic interfaces that would free the wearer’s hands, combining mobility with manipulation.
A big picture view for human robotic systems is one that involves not only teleoperation (operating a machine from afar), but also telepresence.
Telepresence makes use of technologies that allows a person to feel as if they were present, to give the appearance of being present, or to have an effect, via telerobotics, at a place other than their true location.
A telepresence reality helmet, for example, would pipe in what a distant robot is viewing. “As technologists, that’s one direction we want to go in. The ability to look through a robot’s eyes is very potent,” Bluethmann added.
National Robotics Initiative (NRI)
Human robotic systems for space can spur many applications on Earth.
“The work we’re doing at NASA in robotics translates to our economy back home,” Bluethmann said. “As we saw with computers, they didn’t replace us, they made us more productive. I’m anticipating, as we go into the next decade and beyond, we’re going to have more and more robotic-type machines that can offload work.”
Bluethmann points out that NASA is partnered with the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, and other aligned agencies, in undertaking a National Robotics Initiative.
The goal of the NRI enterprise is to accelerate the development and use of robots in the United States that work beside or cooperatively with people.
“I see a new industry growing up around robots. I see it creating jobs and new opportunities, especially given the innovative nature of the U.S. population,” Bluethmann concluded. “For NASA, the idea is to look for inventive ideas for new robots that will make things better for what we’re doing in space…as well as back here on Earth.” | <urn:uuid:f9f3b5d5-c74c-492c-b802-5017b6cc6f0a> | CC-MAIN-2018-05 | https://www.nasa.gov/offices/oct/home/feature_human_robotics.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-05/segments/1516084887973.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20180119105358-20180119125358-00461.warc.gz | en | 0.929232 | 1,179 | 3.421875 | 3 |
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Commentary & Opinion
Mon September 3, 2012
Laura Dudek - Everyday Toxins
In 2006, thirteen men and women from Maine participated in study titled “Body of Evidence: A study of Pollution in Main People” sponsored by the Alliance for a Clean and Healthy Maine, which sought to draw attention to the growing presence of toxic chemicals in everyday consumer products. The study looked for a handful of known toxins and heavy metals, some which have been around forever, such as lead and arsenic and some, which are relatively new, such as phthalates, flame retardants, and perfluorinated chemicals. The idea was that if a group of individuals living in one of the most remote and pristine areas of country contained significant levels of these toxins, then we all need to start paying more attention to the products we consume.
The results of the study were shocking. Every single participant contained traceable levels of both heavy metals and toxic synthetics. On average, each participant tested positive for 30 of the 71 toxins used in the study. These toxins included mercury, arsenic, and lead, all of which have been found by the CDC to impair brain development in fetuses and hinder cognitive thinking, memory, attention, language, and fine motor skills in adults in significant concentrations. Also found were PVC’s, known to reduce sperm counts in men; BPA’s, an estrogen mimicking chemical that has been linked to cancer; and other chemicals that are known to be so harmful that they haven’t been produced in over a decade.
The scary part of this study is that many of these chemicals and heavy metals can be found in everyday consumer products including cosmetics, televisions, furniture, cookware, and clothing. People are exposed to these toxins on a daily basis during product use and disposal, and ingest these toxins through vehicles such as household dust, food, indoor air pollution, and drinking water.
What this study shows is that no one is safe and the source of these problems stem from both the ubiquity of synthetics and our ignorance of their effects.
In his book What’s Gotten Into Us? Staying Healthy in a Toxic World, author McKay Jenkins refers to the past 100 years as the “Synthetic Century”. The rapid proliferation of chemical discoveries sparked a genesis in the plastics and chemical industry that has revolutionized the way we live. It is impossible to deny that society and culture would not exist as it is today be it not for the wonders of synthetics. The problem is that we haven’t been using these chemicals long enough to really understand their full effects on the environment and on us.
Although overexposure to synthetics should not be blamed for all of our recent health and environmental woes, we cannot deny that production has outpaced our ability to monitor them. According to McKay, out of the 80,000 known chemicals in use today,”The EPA has a full set of toxicity information for just 7 percent… and the U.S. chemical industry… is so woefully under regulated that 99 percent of chemicals in use today have never been tested for their effects on human health…” It is unsettling to think that no one can explain with certainty how these chemicals will affect our health in the long run.
Maybe the expression “we are what we eat” is a bit outdated. It seems like we are a unique collection of chemicals that represent a piece of what our species has created. A small piece of the overly- processed, preservative-filled, mass-produced pie. As scary as all this sounds it is also, in a way, comforting because it serves as a reminder that we are all responsible for our actions. Now I’m not suggesting that we dispose of our Teflon coated pots and pans and revert back to cooking over an open range. We are so thoroughly steeped in synthetics that they have become a permanent part of our culture. However, we are all capable of making informed, conscious decisions about the types of materials we use and the types of foods we eat. It is up to us and only us to regain control over our lives and industries in order to help make our world a little less toxic.
Laura Dudek is a senior majoring in biology at Skidmore College.
The views expressed by commentators are solely those of the authors, and do not necessarily reflect the views of this station or its management. | <urn:uuid:ef1a488d-8026-4dca-a725-2c86d24dc693> | CC-MAIN-2013-48 | http://wamc.org/post/laura-dudek-everyday-toxins | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/segments/1386163052107/warc/CC-MAIN-20131204131732-00020-ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962597 | 993 | 2.6875 | 3 |
I had a history teacher in college say something to the effect of, “Plutarch wrote a series of histories about famous Romans and Greeks. These are called ‘Plutarch’s Lives’. It might be better to call them ‘Plutarch’s Lies’.” It got a nerdy chuckle from most of us, and I never really delved into Plutarch after that.
After my adventures with Herodotus last year, I decided some more ancient histories could make a good read. I ran into Plutarch’s name quite a bit, and since I had recently finished watching the HBO series “Rome” it seemed like reading some of Plutarch’s Roman lives would fit the bill.
I settled on the penguin classics version called “Makers of Rome”. This covers nine lives spanning from the legendary (and possibly mythical) general Coriolanus up to Mark Antony, the infamous lover of Queen Cleopatra. I also got to read about Fabius Maximus, Marcellus, Cato the Elder, Tiberius Gracchus, Gaiu Gracchus, Sertorius, and Brutus. For those of you who could care less about all these guys with “us” at the end of there names – hold on, there is a point.
First thing, the introduction pointed out that Shakespeare used Plutarch’s lives to create three plays: The Tragedy of Coriolanus, The Tragedy of Julius Caesar, and Antony and Cleopatra. Now I’d never heard of a play about Coriolanus, but like most people I had to read Julius Caesar back in high school. I remembered that the play was more about Brutus than Caesar, and reading the Life of Brutus makes it all fall into place.
The really interesting part comes with Mark Antony. The Penguin edition includes an Appendix all about this particular life. It not only points out all the changes that Plutarch made to the history, but also pointed out the changes that Shakespeare made on top of that.
Now, I should clear something up here. Plutarch never set out to write history. His goal in writing these lives was to create a biography of these famous people to prove a point. Most of the time these were ethical ideals that the famous figure would be measured against – sometimes acting as an ideal example, other times failing to make the grade. In either case, Plutarch would sometimes warp history to fit the needs of his biography. So really Plutarch should read, “Based on a true story.”
Shakespeare makes some dramatic changes as well. Most of this has to do with shortening the time in which the story takes place, but there are other historical differences. However, since he is basing his play on Plutarch’s version of events, his version of Antony comes across a bit different from the historical version of the man.
And this was the version of Mark Antony that appeared in HBO’s “Rome”. It was interesting to see how long the image of an impulsive and completely manipulated Antony has prevailed. Even Cleopatra fares on the poor side of things. She is usually shown as a woman who is driven by her base desires and impulses. These end up causing her and Antony misfortune. But modern historians find that Cleopatra was far from the impulsive woman she is usually portrayed as.
This all tells me that writers have been messing with history since the time of Plutarch (and even before if you take a look at Herodotus). It also tells me that the evolution of a story can take many forms, twisting and turning through time. Each new author adding their new take on the old tale. Does that make all us storyteller liars?
It reminds me of a Mystery Science Theater episode called, “I Accuse My Parents”. The movie revolves around a young man who lies about his parents to his friends and classmates. His parents are drunk good for nothings, but according to Jimmy, they are wonderful caregivers. Jimmy’s lies pile up and up and up. At one point in the movie one of the robots quips, “He’s a gifted storyteller”. And that actually got me thinking. Are all storytellers liars?
Have you read Plutarch? What did you think of his work? How about Shakespeare’s take on historical events? If you are a writer or storyteller, do you consider yourself a liar?
Ebooks Sales Slowing? Yes and No
4 months ago | <urn:uuid:22839942-1437-42d3-941c-28581d4b42f5> | CC-MAIN-2017-34 | http://roman-martel.blogspot.com/2009/09/story-evolution-makers-of-rome.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-34/segments/1502886101966.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20170816125013-20170816145013-00060.warc.gz | en | 0.970247 | 982 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Prep for Fires – Now and “After” by R. Ann Parris
Fire is one of the greatest threats we face in any English-reading nations – and most of the others. Housefires occur every single day. Some of them are obvious and painful from the repetitions of “please don’t do this”. Others spring out of a single faulty wire in a lamp or coffee maker, and from someone else’s inattention. Wildfires add to the tolls every years.
There are things we can do, condo or flat, house in the ‘burbs or city verges, or property of double- and single-digit acres.
Fire prevention and response capabilities is even bigger when prepping for emergencies, because so many of our alternatives and backups use fire as a heating and cooking source.
Beyond our own use, more neighbors than ever will be turning to candles and grills in any disaster, and more people can be expected to be at campsites with grills and fires. In some, cascading failures or winds may add additional threats from power lines and various transformers. Meanwhile, hurricane to NWO takeover, tornado to nuclear meltdown, fewer public services will be available, and response times will undoubtedly be longer.
Making sure we reduce our own risks is huge. That means actively eyeballing everything we do, hard, for potential dangers.
And then, planning to have a fire anyway.
Having set family instructions and rally points, plentiful detectors, fire extinguishers, and go bags near exits that include masks and good lights can make a big difference, especially if we have to maneuver through stairs and hallways to get out.
Pets and livestock need conditioned to respond to commands and load or lead.
Property owners have long lists of additional things they can do to prevent fires from spreading to or beyond their homes. They also rely on having things set and ready, and getting notice fast enough.
Everyone needs evacuation and backup plans.
Anything with mechanical parts can fail – regularly at the worst possible time. That means bucket brigades, high-capacity well pumps, and even the guy with everything who has his own foam and water trucks can end up fighting and losing to a fire.
So even the most remote, well set up prepper who never intends to bug out and groups with the “perfect” retreat location need to arrange for evacuation.
The physical steps to leaving the house need practiced, as do the steps to leaving the vicinity. Whether the threat starts as an internal housefire or barn fire, or a wildfire, it can spread. We’ve seen too many repetitions of people dying on roads after tires melt to ignore the possibility of needing an alternative route out.
Or of needing a backup and alternative set of supplies in case our vehicle is compromised without enough time to grab anything.
For most disasters, an easy fix comes from our email and cloud accounts. We can put all sorts of paperwork there for instant retrieval – insurance and account information, contact lists, medical records, adoption and ownership paperwork, even “missing” posters for human and animal family members and the photos and receipts that make dealing with insurance agencies easier.
Ideally, we’ll have some of that same information on removable storage and hard-printed elsewhere as well, just like ideally, we’ll also have an off-site location with tangible supplies.
The latter becomes even more important when we move past preps for slow economic and agricultural collapses and everyday-everywhere disasters like income loss and reduction, storm damage and outages, and big bills.
Fires aren’t new. They’ve ravished isolated tribes and farms throughout history, ancient Rome, 1800s London and Boston and many, many others. They continue to be a threat, daily, both house fires and wildfires.
Fires aren’t going away. If anything, we can anticipate them only increasing.
If we’re putting effort into preparing, isn’t it worth preparing for something that already happens, and can be guaranteed to continue to happen, with the risks only increasing in difficult times? | <urn:uuid:3b73a31c-b4dd-4ce1-b750-b087935d5a5d> | CC-MAIN-2020-29 | https://www.preppergroups.com/seeking-out-other-preppers/r-ann-parris-on-prepping-for-fires/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655880243.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20200702205206-20200702235206-00355.warc.gz | en | 0.945442 | 856 | 2.546875 | 3 |
Importance of wiper blades for visibility and safety
Wiper blades are an essential component of every vehicle, as they play a crucial role in maintaining clear visibility during adverse weather conditions. They help remove rain, snow, and debris from the windshield, allowing the driver to see the road ahead clearly. Properly functioning wiper blades are not only important for the driver’s comfort but are also vital for the safety of the passengers and other road users. Worn-out or ill-fitting wiper blades can reduce visibility, increasing the risk of accidents, especially during heavy rain or snowfall.
Overview of wiper blades common sizes and finding the right fit
Finding the right size wiper blades for your vehicle is essential to ensure they work effectively and do not cause damage to the windshield. Wiper blades come in various sizes, and selecting the correct size is crucial for optimal performance. This article will provide an overview of the common wiper blade sizes and a comprehensive chart to help you find the perfect fit for your vehicle. We will also discuss the factors to consider when selecting wiper blades, how to replace them, and the importance of maintaining your wiper blades in top condition.
Wiper Blades Basics
How wiper blades work
Wiper blades are designed to clear water, snow, and debris from a vehicle’s windshield, providing clear visibility for the driver. They consist of an arm that attaches to a motor, which is usually hidden beneath the vehicle’s hood. The wiper blade itself is made of a flexible rubber or silicone strip that is mounted on the arm. When the wiper motor is activated, it moves the arms in a sweeping motion across the windshield, with the wiper blades applying consistent pressure to remove any obstructing substances.
Materials used in wiper blades
Wiper blades are typically made from one of three primary materials:
- Natural rubber: Traditional wiper blades are made from natural rubber, which is flexible and provides good performance. However, rubber blades can degrade and wear out quickly, especially when exposed to sunlight and temperature fluctuations.
- Synthetic rubber: This material is a blend of synthetic compounds that offers better durability than natural rubber. Synthetic rubber wiper blades are more resistant to heat, cold, and UV rays, resulting in a longer lifespan.
- Silicone: Silicone wiper blades are considered to be the most durable and effective option. They provide a smoother and quieter wiping action, and their resistance to heat, cold, and UV radiation makes them last longer than rubber counterparts. However, silicone wiper blades are generally more expensive.
Importance of replacing worn-out wiper blades
Replacing worn-out wiper blades is essential for maintaining clear visibility and ensuring safety on the road. Over time, wiper blades may become damaged, cracked, or lose their flexibility, leading to reduced performance and streaking on the windshield. Worn-out wiper blades can also produce noise and may scratch the windshield if the rubber or silicone edge becomes damaged. It is recommended to replace wiper blades at least once a year or when their performance deteriorates, whichever comes first.
Popular wiper blade sizes and the vehicles they fit
Wiper blade sizes vary depending on the vehicle’s make and model. Here are some of the most popular wiper blade sizes and examples of vehicles they fit:
- 16-inch wiper blades:
- Honda Fit
- Toyota Yaris
- Chevrolet Spark
- 18-inch wiper blades:
- Ford Focus
- Mazda 3
- Honda Civic
- 20-inch wiper blades:
- Toyota Camry
- Nissan Altima
- Hyundai Sonata
- 22-inch wiper blades:
- Ford F-150
- Chevrolet Silverado
- Ram 1500
- 24-inch wiper blades:
- Toyota Highlander
- Ford Explorer
- Honda Pilot
- 26-inch wiper blades:
- Chevrolet Tahoe
- GMC Yukon
- Ford Expedition
- 28-inch wiper blades:
- Mercedes-Benz Sprinter
- Ford Transit
- Ram ProMaster
Please note that the vehicles listed above are only examples, and the appropriate wiper blade size may vary depending on the specific year and trim level of your vehicle. Always consult your vehicle’s owner’s manual or contact the manufacturer for the most accurate information on wiper blade sizes. Additionally, keep in mind that some vehicles have different sizes for the driver and passenger side wiper blades, so be sure to check both before making a purchase.
Choosing the Right Wiper Blades for Your Vehicle
Selecting the right wiper blades for your vehicle involves considering several factors to ensure optimal performance and longevity. Here are some key factors to consider when choosing wiper blades:
A. Factors to consider when selecting wiper blades
- Material and design:
- As mentioned earlier, wiper blades are typically made from natural rubber, synthetic rubber, or silicone. While silicone blades tend to last longer and perform better, they are usually more expensive. Consider your budget and preferences when choosing the blade material.
- There are various wiper blade designs, such as traditional framed, beam-style, and hybrid. Traditional framed blades have a metal frame supporting the rubber or silicone strip, while beam-style blades have a one-piece, frameless design that applies even pressure across the windshield. Hybrid wiper blades combine the features of both framed and beam-style designs. Beam-style and hybrid wiper blades often offer better performance and are less likely to accumulate snow and ice.
- Climate and weather conditions:
- Consider the climate and typical weather conditions in your region when selecting wiper blades. For example, if you live in an area with heavy snowfall, you may want to opt for winter-specific wiper blades designed to resist snow and ice buildup. Conversely, if you live in a hot climate, you may want to choose wiper blades made from a material that is more resistant to heat, such as silicone.
- Wiper blades come in a wide range of prices, with premium options often costing significantly more than budget-friendly alternatives. While it may be tempting to choose the cheapest option, remember that higher-quality wiper blades often last longer and provide better performance, potentially saving you money in the long run.
B. Top wiper blade brands and their size offerings
Several reputable wiper blade brands offer a wide range of sizes and styles to suit different vehicles and preferences. Some popular wiper blade brands include:
When selecting wiper blades, consult the manufacturer’s size guide or use an online size lookup tool to find the right fit for your vehicle’s make, model, and year.
How to Replace Your Wiper Blades
Replacing your wiper blades is a simple and straightforward process that can be done with minimal tools and experience. Follow these steps to replace your wiper blades:
A. Determining when to replace wiper blades
Before you begin, assess whether it’s time to replace your wiper blades. Some signs that your wiper blades need replacement include:
- Streaking or smearing on the windshield
- Skipping or chattering across the glass
- Noticeable wear, cracks, or splits in the rubber or silicone
- Reduced visibility during rain or snow
B. Tools needed for wiper blade replacement
Typically, you won’t need any specialized tools for replacing wiper blades. However, it’s a good idea to have the following items handy:
- A clean cloth or paper towel
- Windshield cleaner (optional)
C. Step-by-step guide to replacing wiper blades
- Purchase the correct wiper blade size: Consult your vehicle’s owner’s manual or use an online lookup tool to find the right size wiper blades for your vehicle. Keep in mind that some vehicles have different sizes for the driver and passenger side.
- Lift the wiper arm: Carefully lift the wiper arm away from the windshield. It should stay in an upright position once lifted.
- Remove the old wiper blade: Press the release tab or button on the wiper blade attachment (this may vary depending on the blade design), and slide the old wiper blade off the wiper arm. Hold the wiper arm securely to avoid it snapping back and damaging the windshield.
- Clean the wiper arm (optional): Use a clean cloth or paper towel and windshield cleaner to wipe down the wiper arm, removing any dirt or debris.
- Attach the new wiper blade: Slide the new wiper blade onto the wiper arm until it clicks into place, ensuring a secure connection. Double-check that the wiper blade is properly attached to prevent it from coming loose during operation.
- Lower the wiper arm: Carefully lower the wiper arm back onto the windshield. Repeat the process for the other wiper blade, if necessary.
- Test the wiper blades: Turn on your vehicle and activate the windshield wipers to ensure they are working properly and making full contact with the windshield.
By following these steps, you can easily replace your wiper blades and maintain clear visibility and safety on the road. | <urn:uuid:f84b61eb-d444-429d-be1b-aeea325d479d> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://mechanitec.ca/blades-common-sizes-chart/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474661.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20240226162136-20240226192136-00850.warc.gz | en | 0.88325 | 1,904 | 3.03125 | 3 |
ICD-11 (IDC stands for the International Classification of Diseases) for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics (version 04/2019) now includes section 6C51 Gaming Disorder:
My initial response upon learning this news today was to ask whether this definition could include gymnastics and basketball? What about music? Is a person addicted to music, say, if they prefer playing the guitar over other activities?
I am among those who believe that addiction occurs not in the substance being used, or in this case the activity enjoyed, but in the brain. An addict is a person who finds some thing that stimulates brain circuits chronically under stimulated or insufficient to assuage unpleasant feelings because of trauma or some other biographical or environmental cause. A person seek stimulants, for example, because her norepinephrine levels are poor, and the stimulants provide the level of brain activity that she needs to feel normal.
Leading addiction expert Canadian physician Gabor Maté has found that addiction is, for the most part, the result of trauma and neglect. Consider opiate addition. We’re told that heroin is one of the most addictive substances on earth, yet most people who use heroin (over 90%, in fact) never become addicted to it. They use it recreationally without any lasting negative impacts. Heroin becomes habitual in persons who are addicts, but not in persons who are not addicts. It’s trauma, not heroin, that produces the addict.
One might suspect the same for video games. Most people who play video games never become addicted to them. It’s not video games that are addictive. Rather, persons with addictive disorder risk being consumed by video games.
I am sure that most readers of this blog are familiar with the famous case of the Romanian orphans who were neglected in orphanages. The neglect altered the structure of the brains of these children. Additional research confirmed these findings. When the powerful effects of neglect were recognized, caretakers started picking up the children and holding them. The results, which we now know are biochemical, at the same social, interpersonal, were dramatic.
Human contact produces a hormone in the brain called oxytocin. Oxytocin is the “love chemical.” Without it, the brain does not develop normally. But, like the immune system, the brain circuits that rely on oxytocin to work must be primed by and developed through experience. The experience that triggers the production of oxytocin is social interaction. This is the same mechanism at work in addiction. The heroin addict suffers from low levels of oxytocin, as well as an endogenous opiate endorphin. These deficiencies are caused by insufficient bonding with other persons; it is the result of a failure to sufficiently attach to other human beings. When the addict uses an opiate he feels the warmth and comfort he was denied in earlier experiences. It’s not just the relationship with parents, but the greater social environment that structures the brain. A harsh and individualistic experience alienates a person. The effects of this isolation — or atomization — manifest themselves as addiction and other psychiatric disorders.
Maté is not the only researcher to show this effect. Canadian psychologist Bruce Alexander (a researcher at Simon Fraser) documented this in the 1970s in his Rat Park studies. He found that rats, which are, like many mammal species, highly social animals, placed in cages or Skinner Boxes and addicted to morphine, preferred morphine over anything else (this worked for heroin, methamphetamine, cocaine, and other drugs). These experiments garnered considerable media attention as they played into sensationalist drug war ambitions. However, in his experiment, when rats were allowed to reside in open spaces with other rats, the drugs were not attractive to them even though they were abundant in their free environments. Alexander determined that it was not the morphine that was irresistible to rats. Rather is was the isolation of the Skinner Box that produced conditions conducive to addiction to morphine. He concluded that rats in cages were significantly more like to self-medicate. Combined with considerable historical and anthropological data, he concluded that it was same for people (see his The Globalisation of Addiction: A study in poverty of the spirit, Oxford University Press, 2008.)
What is the mechanism behind this? When wolves, bears, rats, and other animals are caged or constantly stressed their cortisol levels (stress hormones) rise. This makes them unhappy, sick, anxious, and depressed (it is also a cause of obesity, in that excessive cortisol production alters the insulin cycle). Caged, mammals pace and sway, what is called stereotypic behavior. Their coats become dull and patchy. These conditions of unfreedom set them up for addictive behavior. For animals in the wild, running, leaping, and bounding about with their comrades, stereotypic behaviors are absent. The animals are healthy and happy. There is in mammals a drive or need to be free — they are, we can say, determined to be free. If you deprive mammals of stimulation, their brains atrophy and they can lose critical brain functions. They will sit in a cage and feed their brain the stimulation lacking in their lives.
Of course, the brain circuits themselves do not determine the sociocultural systems human produce and live in. Neurotransmitters don’t explain the range of sociocultural variability. The tragedy is that we are not fated to be moral creatures; nature has prepared us to be moral creatures, but segmented systems interfere with the development of our sympathetic (or empathetic) self. And the degree to which the prevailing social order does not allow the organism to accomplish its optimal development — social orders that are authoritarian, disorganized, restrictive, toxic — signals the inadequacy of that social system.
The German idealist philosopher Georg Hegel points out that the standard liberal conception of freedom is superficial — it does not ask why individuals make the choices they make. He theorizes that our choices are conditioned by external and internal forces, so the source of freedom is to be found there, not in the metaphysics of occult forces. The view of the individual agent, authoring its own actions, independent of social, cultural, and historical forces that surround it, mystifies the origins of thought and actions. For Hegel, this condition means that freedom is not judged by degree of separation from society, but rather by degrees of participation and inclusion in society — in collective efforts to shape history for the well being of all the individuals involved. Freedom is not an essential characteristic of unhampered individual activity, but rather results from rational control of individual activity in social contexts. Freedom is present when people able to exert meaningful control over their lives as political and social beings.
The conclusion Marx derived from Hegel’s line of thinking is that democratic control over society’s productive forces and the direction of history lays the basis for human freedom. Or, as C. Wright Mills puts it in The Sociological Imagination: “Democracy means the power and the freedom of those controlled by the law to change the law, according to agreed-upon rules — and even to change those rules; but more than that, it means some kind of collective self-control over the structural mechanics of history itself.” In other words, there is a materialist foundation to freedom, one that touches fundamentally on morality.
There is a real problem in popular science. We hear it in the arguments of Sam Harris and, most polemically in Noam Chomsky, that the remarkable human being — cognitive behavior, moral behavior — is either a miracle or the result of natural selection, i.e. evolved characteristics. But they are not evolved. They are learned. To be sure, the capacity to learn is evolved, but the content is learned. And it is in this process that our brain circuitry is prime and developed. The sociocultural system is variable — it varies over time and across space. Yet humans have eternal needs: creativity, leisure, happiness. Indeed, our neurotransmitters make these possible. The needs are innate. The same needs exist in other animal species. The need for free creative activity and play. The organism depends on a stimulating environment to fully develop. But segmented social systems fail these needs. And, as a result, they damage the person. These deeply alienating conditions create social cages. Addiction is the result.
Let me take one more example, namely attention deficit disorder (ADD). Everybody can be distracted. Most everybody daydreams. Here we are talking about distraction to the point of dysfunction. Moreover, there are other symptoms associated with this disorder: hyper-vigilance, impulsivity. There is variability in ADD. What explains that? We know it runs in families. Children with ADD are more likely to have parents with ADD. But this is not evidence of a genetic component. Things other than genes run in families. A recent study conducted at Cardiff University in England, published in The Lancet, found no genetic differences in 85% of ADD cases compared with individuals without ADD. What ADD children do have in common is a stressed environment.
What is the character of environmental systems where ADD becomes a problem? It occurs in families with high levels of stress and the associated release of stress hormones. When an animal is stressed, it produces cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine. These hormones activate the fight or flight response. This is a good thing if the animal is trying to get away from a predator. As long as the sympathetic nervous system is activated for a short period of time, then is allowed to return to normal, it is not a particular problem. But when an animal is trapped, caged, then the constant production of stress hormones makes the animal sick. The body cannot tell the difference between different types of stress. ADD is one of the effects. Constant cortisol releases lead to adrenal fatigue, which interferes with the brain’s ability to focus (medications, such as amphetamines, work because they wake up the brain). We can say that cortisol production is, in a very real sense, contagious; a stressed parent stresses other members of the family. When physicians prescribe amphetamines to children to help them focus in school, the physicians are feeding an addiction.
The good news is that the brain is plastic and improving social conditions can reverse cognitive and emotional problems. The bad news is that it is hard to change the social conditions when so many people refuse to believe that these problems are caused by social conditions in the first place — and when others in a position of wealth and power benefit from the status quo.
Society has a choice: it can treat the psychiatric symptoms, for example, using SSRIs for depression, or it can change the social conditions that cause depression. It can treat the addict (what Maté does at his Vancouver clinics is provide pharmaceutical grade heroin, clean needles, and a safe injection site) or it can change the circumstances that give rise to addiction. Crucially, then, understanding the effect of social relations on psychological health can help us understand psychological maladies — as well as understand the situations of people. This is why empathy is such a big deal.
So the way to deal with the problem of video game obsession is to change the structure of society such that people experience a variety of circumstances that produce the chemicals that put them in a good state mentally. This way they will not seek them in virtual experiences that become habitual, stereotypic. At the same time, one may argue that video games are a reasonable intervention to promote to these ends. What does it hurt? It’s certainly not the cause. And it comes with a positive side benefit: kids are not out in the world finding optimum hormonal levels by getting their kicks with vandalism and violence; rather they are in their rooms getting their kicks virtually. And they’re having less sex, which is manifest in a falling fertility rate. This is good news for the planet. Of course, none of this obviates the root source of the phenomenon: the alienating conditions of corporate capitalism.
Two major science journals, Science and Nature, rejected Alexander’s first paper. It finally appeared in Psychopharmacology in 1978, a major journal in the field. However, the paper attracted no attention. Simon Fraser University soon withdrew Rat Park’s funding. Several later studies confirm Alexander’s findings — see, for example, Bozarth, Murray, and Wise 1989 work, published in Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior. Alexander’s The Globalization of Addiction argues that cultural dislocation of human beings instigates addictions of all sorts, including addictions that do not involve drugs. | <urn:uuid:2f7660be-d0f4-455a-b40f-f1fe4e44a40b> | CC-MAIN-2021-43 | https://andrewaustin.blog/2019/05/28/gaming-disorder-and-the-problem-of-addiction/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323588284.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20211028100619-20211028130619-00117.warc.gz | en | 0.949327 | 2,590 | 2.96875 | 3 |
New research into Parkinson's disease is helping scientists better understand some of the mechanisms of this serious and disabling brain disorder, which affects about 1 million people in the United States. Knowledge of the environmental factors and genetics of this illness has allowed investigators to create models of disease that are being used to examine potential causes of neuron disease and to test experimental therapeutics in animals. Some of the research will eventually lead to the development of more effective treatments of this human illness.
The second most common neurodegenerative disease (after Alzheimer's disease), Parkinson's occurs when certain groups of nerve cells are damaged and destroyed. For example, neurons in the substantia nigra, an area of the brain that is important for normal voluntary movements, are invariably damaged. These abnormalities result in a variety of signs, including tremor, muscle stiffness, and slowness of movement. People with Parkinson's may also experience depression, anxiety, dementia, constipation, urinary difficulties, and sleep disturbances. Symptoms tend to worsen over time.
Researchers at Emory University and the University of Washington have developed a new nonhuman primate model of this disorder. They have shown for the first time that chronic exposure to the “organic” pesticide rotenone can cause Parkinson's-like pathology in monkeys. This finding builds upon their previous study in which they demonstrated that rotenone, a commonly used agricultural pesticide made from the extracts of tropical plants, can reproduce parkinsonian features in rats.
“Monkeys have a brain structure that is much more similar to humans than rats,” notes J. Timothy Greenamyre, MD, PhD, of Emory University. “These studies on monkeys, therefore, support our previous findings that chronic pesticide exposure may be capable of causing parkinsonian pathology in humans.” The results also support epidemiological studies that suggest that chronic exposure to environmental toxins, such as pesticides, may contribute to the incidence of Parkinson's in humans.
In this pilot study, two monkeys were treated with rotenone—one at Greenamyre's laboratory at Emory University and the other at the University of Washington laboratory of Marjorie Anderson, PhD. The rotenone was administered subcutaneously to the animals over a period of 18 months in one case and 19 months in the other before the Parkinson's-like pathology developed. When the monkeys' brains were later examined, the scientists found anatomical and biochemical changes virtually identical to the major abnormalities seen in Parkinson's disease, including degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway and synuclein positive cytoplasmic inclusions in nerve cells in the substantia nigra.
Although this study does not prove that rotenone causes Parkinson's disease, it adds to previous questions about the pesticide's safety and that of similar environmental toxins. “We think this is an important proof of the concept that what we eat, drink, breathe, or are otherwise exposed to can predispose us to Parkinson's disease,” says Greenamyre.
One of the most promising new drugs for the treatment of Parkinson's disease is rotigotine, which acts as a dopamine agonist (a drug that tricks certain receptor cells into thinking they have been activated by dopamine). Unlike other dopamine agonists, rotigotine is delivered via a once-a-day skin patch, a delivery system that enables blood levels of the drug to stay consistent throughout the day. Consistency is vital because too much of the drug can cause uncontrolled movements, and too little can result in paralysis.
Past studies have suggested that rotigotine may have properties that not only lessen parkinsonian symptoms, but that also protect nerve cells in the substantia nigra from degeneration and death. To investigate these possible protective properties, scientists at Schwarz BioSciences in Monheim , Germany , tested rotigotine on a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Rotigotine was administered to the mice subcutaneously in three (high, medium, and low) doses. A “slow release” formulation of the drug was used so the treatment would mimic the constant, long-lasting properties of the rotigotine patch used by patients with Parkinson's disease.
“When we examined the brains of the mice after treatment, we found that rotigotine not only reduced the number of degenerating neurons in the substantia nigra, but also preserved the density of cellular connections originating from that area of the brain,” says Dieter Scheller, PhD. “The effects were significant at the low dose and became more pronounced as the doses increased.” The study's results suggest that rotigotine has neuroprotective properties, at least in the mouse model. Scheller and his colleagues plan to continue their investigations in other animal species.
Recent experiments suggest that exercise may protect against the loss of dopamine neurons—and thus help slow or prevent the development of Parkinson's disease, according to new studies on rats conducted by researchers at the University of Pittsburgh and the University of Texas. This research is encouraging news for people with Parkinson's disease who are looking for safe and effective ways to stem the progression of the illness.
In past studies, the researchers reported that rats forced to use limbs that mimicked the effects of Parkinson's could regain motor skills within a week of physical activity. When scientists later examined the rats' brains, they found that the rats forced to be active had lost fewer dopamine neurons than the sedentary rats.
“There was a problem with these studies, however,” says Michael J. Zigmond, PhD, of the University of Pittsburgh. “The injections of the neurotoxin used to mimic Parkinson's were made in a way that causes a very abrupt death of the dopamine nerve cells—a process that doesn't resemble the slow, progressive nature of Parkinson's disease in humans.”
So Zigmond and his colleagues re-did the study, this time injecting the neurotoxin—6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), which selectively targets dopamine neurons—directly into the corpus straitum, the region of the brain where dopamine projections normally end. This caused a much slower and progressive loss of dopamine neurons—a progression that started in the corpus straitum and then spread back to the substantia nigra. “We believe that such a pattern of dopamine neuron death comes closer to the pattern that occurs in Parkinson's disease,” says Zigmond. “We've also shown that such lesions can be made in mice as well as in rats.”
In the second study, the rats were again forced to exercise. When all the animals' brains were analyzed for the presence of dopamine neurons, those that exercised showed a near-complete blockade of the toxic effects of 6-OHDA. The exercise had protected their dopamine neurons from the neurotoxin.
“We have observed comparable effects in mice,” notes Zigmond. “This opens up the possibility of using genetically modified mice to study the involvement of specific genes in both the development of the disease and in the protective effects of physical activity and other possible therapies.”
At Columbia University, Serge Przedborski, MD, PhD, and his colleagues have been studying the seemingly critical role that a protein called cyclooxygenase type-2 ( COX-2) plays in the progression of Parkinson's disease. Although best known for promoting arthritis-related inflammation, COX-2 proteins cause inflammation in damaged tissues throughout the body, including in the brain. Anti-inflammatory COX-2 inhibitors—now used primarily for the treatment of arthritis—may, therefore, prove useful in slowing the progression of Parkinson's disease.
In past studies, the Columbia researchers found that after mice were injected with the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), which stimulates Parkinson's symptoms by killing neurons involved in the control of movement, the expression of COX-2 increased in the mice's midbrain, especially in nerve cells that use dopamine as their neurotransmitter. Using human postmortem samples, the researchers also showed that the amount of COX-2 protein was higher in patients with Parkinson's disease than in those without the disease.
“These results show that there is a relationship between the disease and the presence and amounts of this protein in the brain,” says Przedborski.
Of the different cell death mechanisms that have been identified, one of particular interest for researchers studying Parkinson's and other neurodegenerative diseases is programmed (or apoptotic) cell death, which is known to occur in these diseases. Przedborski and his colleagues recently investigated whether the COX-2 protein is involved in the apoptotic death of nerve cells in Parkinson's disease. Using the MPTP mice model, they induced Parkinson's symptoms in two groups of mice—those with the COX-2 protein and those without it. “We found that in the absence of the COX-2 protein, the quantity of apoptotic cell death induced by MPTP was reduced by 40 percent,” says Przedborski. “Overall, these findings indicate that in the MPTP mouse model, the protein COX-2 may play a role in the process that leads to the death of the cells implicated in the control of movement by interfering with the programmed cell death process.”
Przedborski intends to confirm this role for the COX-2 protein by investigating whether the intensity of cell death increases in mice that possess an excess of COX-2 protein. “Understanding how this protein interferes with these mechanisms may lead us to discover drugs that would allow us to control this protein in Parkinson's disease patients, possibly leading to a reduced severity of the disease's symptoms,” says Przedborski.
Cite This Page: | <urn:uuid:8076cf03-bf4e-4599-9c51-64fc2fa76f1c> | CC-MAIN-2015-11 | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2004/10/041030133705.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-11/segments/1424936461216.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20150226074101-00221-ip-10-28-5-156.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.954411 | 2,021 | 3.75 | 4 |
DHSS Assignment Guides
Transcription and Data Visualization as a DHSS Assignment
Though transcription and data visualization are both popular DHSS projects, your students could engage in each task together or separately. With transcription and data visualization, students would transcribe a document and then use data visualization or data analysis tools to demonstrate discursive patterns in the text.
- The transcription and visualization of a digitized document
Elements of Process:
- Select an item for student(s) to work on
- Create, or get students to create, a mechanism for recording their transcription
- Transcribe document
- Run transcription through a data visualization tool
- Analyze meaning of document through visualization
Size of assignment:
- Small to Medium
- Easy to Moderate. The size and difficulty level of this assignment depends on the format and length of the original source. A handwritten letter, for example, would be more intensive than a printed newspaper article.
Robyn Le Lacheur did both transcription and data visualization as part of her exhibit “Looking Back: Temporal and spatial connections of Post-War migration and displacement through the eyes of the Toronto Telegram.” However, if framed differently, each task could be enough for one assignment. Robyn did both transcription and data visualization because part of her task was finding the source and making it presentable on a website.
Robyn’s focus for her project was on the images from the Toronto Telegram filed under “refugee.” Working so closely with these images got Robyn interested in seeing how the images were actually used in the newspaper. So, to explore this more closely, she chose one photograph that she found intriguing, did a library search to find the article that used that photograph, and then, with assistance from the Library, she found the article on microfilm. After saving the article in a digital format, Robyn “cleaned” it for “noise” in order to post it on-line. After this work, she then transcribed the article – deciding if she should keep the same line breaks or just type it with standard margins in Word – and put the text through a word cloud generator to identify key words and concepts from the text. Robyn played with different tools for the visualization, including Voyant, an easy and very user friendly data analysis tool, before she settled on WordCloud because she liked how she could customize the words that could be featured.
The result of Robyn’s work is that now Ron Poulton’s 1964 article “Their War Goes On: Opulence Hides Gray Refugees” is available online and situated in a larger exhibit and discussion about post-war migration and displacement through the eyes of the Toronto Telegram.
As mentioned, both transcription and data visualization are popular DHSS activities. A quick internet search can identify resources outside this Guide to support the work of transcription and data visualization. Transcription is a popular DHSS method for history because of the value in transcribing handwritten documents. Data visualization is a popular DHSS method in literature or political science because of the ways in which the tools help identify discursive patterns that may not be as visible by traditional reading.
When framing transcription and data visualization with 21st-century competencies like critical thinking, communication, collaboration, and creativity and innovation, as found by the Ontario government’s international review of 21st-century competencies, each task can be transformed to have your students think about the role they are playing in developing space for greater access to materials and thus the responsibilities they hold when creating, organizing, and/or presenting materials to the public (similar ideas are discussed in the Metadata assignment).
To think about the scale of this assignment for your students, ask yourself organizational questions such as: will students use a document from an already organized and digitized corpus like The Globe and Mail archive, or will they have to find something on their own using microfilm like Robyn did, which will then need to be digitally edited for the web? Will they have to find materials by going to an archive and working with an archivist? Will the original material be typed (like a newspaper article or broadsheet) or will they be handwritten, and if they are handwritten (like a letter), has enough support been given to students to read and understand it? Note: it’s not that young people “don’t know how to read handwriting,” it’s just that handwriting is hard to read. They should be supported in their efforts.
In Dr. Mary Chaktsiris’s course “Digital Humanities: Digital Editing and Publishing” for Wilfrid Laurier University, she got her students to “crowdsource” the transcription of 19th-century handwritten letters by showing the letters in class and inviting students to transcribe each letter together. This activity encouraged both collaboration and discussion about the words in the letter and the context in which they were written. Doing this work as a class also destigmatized any difficulties students may have had in reading the letters on their own.
To support collaborative transcription projects, Library and Archives Canada has provided transcription guidelines for their digitization and transcription projects. These may be good inspiration in your own classroom.
Transcription and Data Visualization suggestions for your students
There are many tools and projects available for transcription and data visualization. Visit our Tools page to explore different options, but find below a few of our favourite tools and projects:
- From the Page: Crowdsourcing manuscript transcription
- Lady Macdonald’s Handwritten Diary: A now-completed project from Library and Archives Canada that transcribed Lady Macdonald’s handwritten diary and made it available online for transcription and tagging
- Scripto: Community transcriptions of document and multimedia files
- Voyant: Data analysis and visualization tools | <urn:uuid:9e6fc05c-d802-4461-8b36-ec3150686cc8> | CC-MAIN-2022-05 | https://pressbooks.library.yorku.ca/dhssinstructorsguide/chapter/transcription-data-visualization/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-05/segments/1642320303868.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220122164421-20220122194421-00411.warc.gz | en | 0.930523 | 1,238 | 3.1875 | 3 |
Life Skills Worksheets for High School
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• February 3: The Batavian Republic proclaimed in Amsterdam.
• February 17: Peace of La Jaunaye: Vendéan rebels offered an amnesty, freedom of worship and no conscription.
• February 21: Freedom of worship returns, but church and state are officially separated.
• April 1-2: Germinal uprising demanding the 1793 constitution.
• April 5: Treaty of Basle between France and Prussia.
• April 17: The Law of Revolutionary Government is suspended.
• April 20: Peace of La Prevalaye between Vendéan rebels and the central government with the same terms as La Jaunaye.
• April 26: Representatives en mission abolished.
• May 4: Prisoners massacred in Lyons.
• May 16: Treaty of the Hague between France and the Batavian Republic (Holland).
• May 20-23: Uprising of Prairial demanding the 1793 constitution.
• May 31: The Revolutionary Tribunal closed.
• June 8: Louis XVII dies.
• June 24: Declaration of Verona by self declared Louis XVIII; his statement that France must return to the pre-revolutionary system of privilege ends any hope of a return to monarchy.
• June 27: Quiberon Bay Expedition: British ships land a force of militant émigrés, but they fail to break out. 748 are caught and executed.
• July 22: Treaty of Basle between France and Spain.
• August 22: Constitution of the Year III and the Two Thirds Law passed.
• September 23: Year IV begins.
• October 1: Belgium annexed by France.
• October 5: Uprising of Vendémiaire.
• October 7: Law of Suspects cancelled.
• October 25: Law of 3 Brumaire: émigrés and the seditious barred from public office.
• October 26: Final session of the Convention.
• October 26-28: The Electoral Assembly of France meets; they elect the Directory.
• November 3: The Directory begins.
• November 16: The Pantheon Club opens.
• December 10: A forced loan is called.
• November 25: Rome is captured by Neopolitans.
• March 12: Austria declares war on France.
• April 10: The Pope is brought to France as a captive. Elections of the Year VII.
• May 9: Reubell leaves the Directory and is replaced by Sieyés.
• June 16: Aggravated by France losses and disputes with the Directory, the ruling Councils of France agree to sit permanently.
• June 17: The Councils overturn the election of Treilhard as Director and replace him with Ghier.
• June 18: Coup d'état of 30 Prairial, 'Journee of the Councils': the Councils purge the Directory of Merlin de Douai and La Révellière-Lépeaux.
• July 6: Foundation of the neo-Jacobin Manège club.
• July 15: Law of Hostages allows hostages to be taken among émigrés families.
• August 5: A loyalist uprising occurs near Toulouse.
• August 6: Forced loan decreed.
• August 13: Manège club shut down.
• August 15: French General Joubert is killed at Novi, a French defeat.
• August 22: Bonaparte leaves Egypt to return to France.
• August 27: An Anglo-Russian expeditionary force lands in Holland.
• August 29: Pope Pius VI dies in French captivity at Valence.
• September 13: The 'Country in Danger' motion is rejected by the Council of 500.
• September 23: Start of Year VIII.
• October 9: Bonaparte lands in France.
• October 14: Bonaparte arrives in Paris.
• October 18: The Anglo-Russian expeditionary force flees from Holland.
• October 23: Lucien Bonaparte, brother of Napoleon, is elected president of the Council of 500.
• November 9-10: Napoleon Bonaparte, aided by his brother and Sieyès, overthrows the Directory.
• November 13: Repeal of the Law of Hostages.
• December 25: Constitution of the Year VIII proclaimed, creating the Consulate.
Back to Index > Page 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 | <urn:uuid:201e6b18-cde2-494e-a9a1-2adaab4666be> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://au.figgysfoodtruck.com/4655-french-revolution-timeline-1795-1799-the-directory.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141176049.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20201124082900-20201124112900-00454.warc.gz | en | 0.93209 | 933 | 3.328125 | 3 |
ode’ imini-giizis 2012 Time for Picking Strawberry Moon – June provided time for students to travel and study water quality and land use in Minnesota and Wisconsin. We began the week visiting the Great Lakes Aquarium in Duluth. There we spent time looking at displays as well as the part invasive species such as lamprey, asian carp and even goldfish play in undesirable changes to our lakes and rivers.We began a week long study of the the geology of the Minnesota/Wisconsin landscape. After a stop by the Barnes & Nobles to pick up a book to read this week, students learned about the photographic work of Wing Young Huie. Everyone participated in a chalk talk producing very telling images.
Tuesday we traveled to Odanah, WI and visited with the Great Lakes Fish and Wildlife Commission (GLIFC). The Great Lakes Indian Fish & Wildlife Commission is commonly known by its acronym, GLIFWC. Formed in 1984, GLIFWC represents eleven Ojibwe tribes in Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan who reserved hunting, fishing and gathering rights in the 1837, 1842, and 1854 Treaties with the United States government.GLFWC provides natural resource management expertise, conservation enforcement, legal and policy analysis, and public information services in support of the exercise of treaty rights during well-regulated, off-reservation seasons throughout the treaty ceded territories. Time was spent cooling off in Lake Superior before we visited the Bad River Fishery. Students were able to see the current work underway of managing the fish population.
Wednesday we headed up to Ely where we visited the North American Bear Center and the old mine. Time was spent swimming in a lake, playing volleyball and walking through paths near the lake. Thursday students spent some time at the Fond du Lac Tribal and Community Center in the pool and gym during the morning. Throughout the week students were directed to observe various rocks/complete short studies of the areas geology as well as gathering water samples along the Lake Superior shore and St. Louis river watershed to conduct study. Thursday afternoon students attended classes on Scratch, conducted tests clarifying water quality issues and geology.
After students cleaned up their dorm rooms they made sun prints on fabric of area plants with Ojibwe labels. The week’s work was presented by students for parents and family on Friday. Students prepares PowerPoint visuals to accompany their reflections on an activity (or more) they were particularly interested in. Presentations were excellent! | <urn:uuid:4e5d919c-c6ce-44f7-8a23-601d5854f93b> | CC-MAIN-2018-51 | http://gidaa.gidaa.org/?p=377 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-51/segments/1544376825098.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20181213193633-20181213215133-00219.warc.gz | en | 0.967896 | 506 | 2.8125 | 3 |
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- By using this site, you agree to the Terms of eventually turning the hair gray.
- All humans have some pheomelanin see White Hair.
- Retrieved 5 August All humans that Egyptian mummies have reddish. Scotland has the highest proportion color is removed, one or the population has red hair has been put in its.
- The genetics of hair colors. Removal waxing threading plucking chemical result in black hair, while low concentrations result in white. Natural hair color can be hair are eumelanin brown and white; all natural hair colors including grey, white and lightest blond, are shades of brown.
- Children born with some hair in which little or no pigment is found in human. Retrieved 6 August Bcl2 and Bcl-w were the first two discovered, then inmuch rarer type containing the 4 gene was announced after. Werner syndrome and pernicious anemia.
- Hair Color Ideas and Styles - Best Hair Colors and Products | mynewhorse.ml
- Retrieved 16 February Black hair hair. Gray hair may temporarily darken light versus dark hair color. Permanent hair color gives the break down, the hair will make hair lighter or darker treatment for grey hair.
- Sally Beauty offers the largest selection of professional hair color products and accessories so you can get the perfect look at home. Choose from permanent, semi, or demi-permanent hair dye in nearly every color from brands like Arctic Fox, Wella, Ion, Clairol, and more.
For hair color of horses, and Leprology.
The change in hair color occurs when melanin ceases to caused by a recessive mutation root and new hairs grow in without pigment. Many children born with blond Japanese-language script ja CS1 Japanese-language they age, with the majority references from December All articles needing additional references Wikipedia articles needing clarification from September All they reach middle age.
Chestnut hair is a hair or blondish due to thecopper, and completely red. The death of the melanocyte. Blond or blonde for women of hair follicles due to a much rarer type containing brown eumelanin results in brown. | <urn:uuid:f6ade2ee-23af-4b92-8acb-27f502fa1777> | CC-MAIN-2019-09 | http://mynewhorse.ml/rurov/hiar-color-352.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-09/segments/1550247480272.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20190216105514-20190216131514-00554.warc.gz | en | 0.935843 | 1,560 | 3.1875 | 3 |
If we are to approach the topic of music and the transcendental in a fruitful way we should first look at the two terms that the topic brings together: music, and the transcendental. What do we mean in this context by music? And what do we mean by the transcendental?
During the 20th century English composers emerged as a distinctive breed, inspired by profound feelings for their homeland and its landscape, and also by a certain cultivated and philosophical distance from the modern world.
Schubert, who died aged 31 in 1828, left nearly a thousand compositions, the vast majority of which are marked by his distinctive genius.
German idealism began with Leibniz, and lasted until Schopenhauer, with a few Central European after-shocks in the work of Husserl and his followers. That great epoch in German philosophy coincided with a great epoch in German music. It is scarcely surprising, therefore, that idealist philosophers should have paid special attention to this art form.
It has always been controversial to make a sharp distinction between the philosophical and the psychological approaches to aesthetics; and the revolution brought about by cognitive science has led many to believe that the philosophy of art no longer controls a sovereign territory of its own.
‘The ways of poetry and music are not changed anywhere without change in the most important laws of the city’. So wrote Plato in the Republic (4.424c). And Plato is famous for having given what is perhaps the first theory of character in music, proposing to allow some modes and to forbid others according to the character which can be heard in them.
Wagner was the most philosophical of musicians and Nietzsche the most musical of philosophers, so a philosophy of music ought to be implied somewhere in their conflict. However Nietzsche’s early adoration of Wagner distorted his later rejection, so that the serious thinking has to be discerned within a cloud of self-loathing.
Rameau was renowned in his day as a keyboard virtuoso and his compositions for harpsichord are among the most colourful in the repertoire, even if attaining only rarely to the emotional refinement and poetry that we find in the Ordres of François Couperin. 25 years the junior of Couperin, Rameau belonged to a generation that was beginning to emancipate itself from the musical lingua franca of the ‘baroque’.
The modern world gives proof at every point that it is far easier to destroy institutions than to create them. Nevertheless, few people seem to understand this truth. Britain’s Labour Party has embarked upon a series of ‘constitutional reforms’ which can be relied upon to undermine the old authority of Parliament, but which will put no new authority in its place.
Schubert died aged 31 in 1828. Had he lived as long as Mozart, who reached the ripe age of 35, Schubert would surely have proved to be Mozart’s equal. If he did not match Mozart as a composer of opera or sacred music he left some operatic and liturgical fragments that are as beautiful as anything in the repertoire.
Schubert’s Quartett-Satz, or string quartet movement, is the opening movement of a string quartet that he never completed and which was never performed in his lifetime. He wrote it in 1820, during a transitional period, and before he had hit on the concentrated and tragic style of his later chamber works.
My theme is popular culture, and contemporary popular music as its most pervasive expression. It is not, at first sight, a theme that would have attracted any warm applause from Sir Leslie Stephen, who in any case was not (except in his early days as a boating enthusiast) given to warm applause.
Review of Richard Taruskin, The Oxford History of Western Music, vols. 2 and 3.
Ancient Greek vases often show images of dancers, sometimes dancing in a chorus, sometimes dancing to ‘unheard melodies’ of their own. Their bodies have a peculiarly self-contained look: the limbs seem to radiate outwards from an inner source, and the face is often bowed, as though entirely absorbed in thoughts of its own.
The English word ‘tune’ does not have any simple equivalent in other European languages. The German Ton means sound or tone, while Weise has the primary meaning of manner, style or custom, and features in the description of music as a borrowed term. ‘Melody’, from Greek melos, has its equivalent in other languages – German Melodei, French mélodie, Italian melodia etc. – but in all languages the implication is of something more extended, and more integrated into a musical argument than the artless ‘tune’.
In recent decades we have seen a gradual shift of emphasis in academic musicology, from the study of the great tradition of Western art music to the empirical investigation of the musical ear. The rise of cognitive neuroscience has given impetus to this shift.
How we describe pop music proves that we find moral significance in music. How do we tell what music we should and should not encourage? | <urn:uuid:c5d54483-6cc3-4e6a-b684-772df9d10976> | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | https://www.roger-scruton.com/homepage/about/music/understanding-music | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224651815.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20230605085657-20230605115657-00360.warc.gz | en | 0.971477 | 1,071 | 3.203125 | 3 |
Object NGC 379 is located exactly in the center of the picture.
NGC 379 - galaxy in the constellation Piscium Type: S0 - lenticular galaxy The angular dimensions: 1.40'x0.7' magnitude: V=12.8m; B=13.9m The surface brightness: 12.7 mag/arcmin2 Coordinates for epoch J2000: Ra= 1h7m15.7s; Dec= 32°31'13" redshift (z): 0.018606 The distance from the Sun to NGC 379: based on the amount of redshift (z) - 78.6 Mpc; Other names of the object NGC 379 : PGC 3966, UGC 683, MCG 5-3-50, CGCG 501-82, IRAS 01045+3215, 4ZW 38, VV 193, Arp 331, Z 0104.5+3215
In this version of the NGC catalog used by NASA imagery, ngcicproject.org and other sources.
The pictures in the places of their original placement referred to as free of licensing restrictions.
In case of doubt, please the authors: let me know and they will be removed. | <urn:uuid:1ade1159-f89a-4dc3-9162-2c012bab3dfd> | CC-MAIN-2018-09 | http://kosmoved.ru/get_ngcic.php?ID=NGC-379&lang=eng | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891816462.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20180225130337-20180225150337-00248.warc.gz | en | 0.768614 | 259 | 2.625 | 3 |
Developing technology for autism: an interdisciplinary approach
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
MetadataShow full item record
We present an interdisciplinary methodology for designing interactive multi-modal technology for young children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). In line with many other researchers in the field, we believe that the key to developing technology in this context is to embrace perspectives from diverse disciplines to arrive at a methodology that delivers satisfactory outcomes for all stakeholders. The ECHOES project provided us with the opportunity to develop a technology-enhanced learning (TEL) environment that facilitates acquisition and exploration of social skills by typically developing (TD) children and children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). ECHOES’ methodology and the learning environment rely crucially on multi-disciplinary expertise including developmental psychology, visual arts, human–computer interaction, artificial intelligence, education, and several other cognate disciplines. In this article, we reflect on the methods needed to develop a TEL environment for young users with ASDs by identifying key features, benefits, and challenges of this approach.
Personal and Ubiquitous Computing
Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, 16(2), pp.117-127
Showing items related by title, author, subject and abstract.
Walters, Andrew (University of WalesCardiff School of Management, 2008)This research is concerned with the impact of advanced manufacturing technologies on small Welsh companies. The use of technology has been demonstrated to be a mechanism for increasing competitiveness in manufacturing. ...
Piebalga, Alise (Cardiff Metropolitan University, 2016)Debates in science and technology studies suggest that our understanding of the human–technology relationship is in crisis. There are those who argue that developments in prosthetics and human augmentation will benefit ...
New product development within small and medium-sized enterprises: analysis through technology management maps Millward, Huw; Byrne, C.; Lewis, Alan; Walters, Andrew (World Scientific Publishing, 2006-09-01)Following positive feedback from delivering a paper at PICMET ’05 the conference editors encouraged PDR’s researchers to develop their technology management analysis further (see Millward output 1). This work was subsequently ... | <urn:uuid:88bd9564-5b28-4a4a-a733-12438ec4ceb5> | CC-MAIN-2019-04 | https://repository.cardiffmet.ac.uk/handle/10369/3521 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-04/segments/1547583745010.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20190121005305-20190121031305-00412.warc.gz | en | 0.854841 | 446 | 2.84375 | 3 |
BackgroundThe volcano derives its name from a rock resembling a sleeping lion that breaches the surface at the center of the submerged caldera rim. A shallow 5-km-wide passageway on the NW side allows access of the Sea of Okhotsk into the caldera basin, whose floor is 550 m below sea level and lies almost 1 km below the caldera rim.
Thick dacitic pumice deposits from the caldera forming eruption 9400 years ago form the 50-60 m high Yuzhny (Southern) isthmus, which joins the 3 southernmost volcanoes on Iturup Island, Rokko, Lvinaya Past, and Berutarube.
(source: GVP Lvinaya Past volcano information)
See also: Sentinel hub | Landsat 8 | <urn:uuid:ba226686-fbbe-44eb-987d-12bc86e48b94> | CC-MAIN-2021-25 | https://www.volcanodiscovery.com/lvinaya_past.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-25/segments/1623488504838.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20210621212241-20210622002241-00043.warc.gz | en | 0.809105 | 169 | 3.4375 | 3 |
Engineering is one of the three fields that most of the Indian students are focused on. So students have to be aware of Engineering Entrance Exams like JEE, GATE, BITSAT, VITEEE. The remaining two being doctor and IAS. Most of the students start making their mind to be an engineer from class VI-VII itself.
The scenario is similar in most of the family where some students are forced to be an engineer. Whatever be the case, the fight to study in top engineering college is seen in the students.
The main aim for any engineering aspirant in India is to get into IITs, NITs, BITS Pilani and many other top-ranked colleges. The colleges take up students with good knowledge in the field of physics, maths and chemistry.
Similarly, there are various streams in engineering, which are allotted as per the ranks. There are many entrance exams conducted for different engineering colleges, but the syllabus for all is same.
Jee Entrance Exam
IITs, NITs and various centrally funded colleges take admission from a common entrance examination known as JEE. JEE is conducted in two stages, i.e. JEE Mains for NITs and centrally funded colleges while Advanced for the IITs.
Top ten percentile qualifies for the JEE advanced examination. Likewise, many state colleges and private colleges as their paper. One needs to clear the paper of the institution he/she wants to study in.
The fundamentals of the topics learnt in class 11 and 12 must be clear. The focus of all the entrance exam is to check the level of concept that has been learnt.
Apart from IIT, all the engineering entrance exams are to the level of NCERT taught in the school. IITs just has a level up with the question in depth with the topics taught. Good understanding of the syllabus is must to clear the exams.
Today, it is seen that fight of engineering college is to the par. Students are engrossed in coaching institute since class VI-VII and prepare to get into IIT or top-ranked NIT.
They engross themselves to study and miss out the school life for the sake of better future. This has added to their advantage with rest of the competitor.
But, the new rule is a challenge for them. According to the new rule, one must have 20% percentile on the board's examination which is added to the main score.
The rank and score are decided with an addition of the particular percentage of boards marks with the marks obtained in JEE Mains. This has been problematic as one needs to compulsory attend school and obtain good marks, usually greater than 80% to be eligible for IIT and get good rank for NIT.
Similarly, the private colleges to have certain boards criteria to be eligible for individual streams. The priorities arranged in the basis of most opted branches and their demand in the corporate world.
Students need to score top position along with good percentage on the boards to secure a good rank. This makes them able to opt for the desired streams and pursue the dream waiting for too long.
The basic thing for an engineering entrance exams to be cleared and opt a better college with the stream you want is:
- Good understanding of topics.
- Score good percentage in boards.
- Score well in the entrance exam. | <urn:uuid:f466f1f5-5b29-45d2-8827-f1adc712358b> | CC-MAIN-2019-04 | https://www.way2college.com/articles/engineering/what-are-the-important-engineering-entrance-exams | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-04/segments/1547583826240.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20190122034213-20190122060213-00289.warc.gz | en | 0.967267 | 693 | 2.625 | 3 |
Greenock (Glasgow), Scotland, United Kingdom
The town of Greenock grew from a fishing village to become the site of the first dock on the River Clyde in 1711. Fishing and shipbuilding became its major industries and the area served as a jumping off point for passenger ships departing for Canada and the U.S., as well as many vital convoys during the Second World War. The town’s maritime history is celebrated at the Custom House Museum in the Princes Pier Railway Station and in the scale model of a 20-gun frigate suspended above the Sailor’s Loft of Old West Kirk. Built in 1591, Old West Kirk (church), contains a major collection of Pre-Raphaelite stained glass windows.
Much of Greenock retains its impressive Victorian and heritage sandstone buildings. Majestic Victoria Tower, built in1886, stands 245’ (75 m) tall. Traditional St John's Episcopal Church, historic Greenock Cemetery and the imposing massif of the 15th century Newark Castle speak to the city’s earliest days. | <urn:uuid:aeb1f562-8c8e-4679-b512-eed87831f3a4> | CC-MAIN-2021-25 | https://www.seabourn.com/en_US/ports/greenock-glasgow-scotland-united-kingdom.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-25/segments/1623488504969.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20210622002655-20210622032655-00385.warc.gz | en | 0.950889 | 219 | 2.546875 | 3 |
For the first time, two researchers-one from the University of Copenhagen and the other from Columbia University-have accurately dated the arrival of the first herbivorous dinosaurs in East Greenland. Their results demonstrate that it took the dinosaurs 15 million years to migrate from the southern hemisphere, as a consequence of being slowed down by extreme climatic conditions. Their long walk was only possible because as CO2 levels dropped suddenly, the Earth's climate became less extreme.
A snail could have crawled its way faster. 10,000 km over 15 million years-that's how long it took the first herbivorous dinosaurs to make their way from Brazil and Argentina all the way to East Greenland. This, according to a new study by Professor Lars Clemmensen of the University of Copenhagen's Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management and researcher Dennis Kent of New York's Columbia University.
The herbivorous dinosaurs first appeared in Brazil and Argentina roughly 230 million years ago. This was during the early part of the Late Triassic period, the Norian, when the world consisted of one supercontinent called Pangæa, without any seas in between. The supercontinent allowed dinosaurs to disperse, unhindered from south to north. So, what took them so long to get to Greenland?
The answer lies in unique rock deposits consisting of a 350-meter-long unbroken layer series of fossil sediments with bones from about 10 herbivorous dinosaurs that the researchers found on expeditions in East Greenland, and for which Lars Clemmensen and Dennis Kent have now made an accurate dating of.
Drastic fall in atmospheric CO2 levels
Using studies of these ancient sedimentary deposits to help them, the two researchers were able to see that the herbivorous dinosaurs reached East Greenland exactly 214 million years ago. Interestingly, their timing coincides with a major climatic shift that most probably helped them move along. The event? A drastic decrease in atmospheric CO2 levels 215 million years ago.
- "We are able to see that during the period leading up to the dinosaurs' migration, there was ten times as much CO2 in the atmosphere than there is today. This made it difficult for them to disperse from their original habitat in the southern hemisphere, as higher levels of CO2 produce more extreme climatic conditions. The desert areas they needed to traverse were excruciatingly hot and dry and the humid equatorial areas were tremendously unstable and wet. As such, climate was most likely a barrier that delayed the dinosaurs' northbound dispersion," explains Professor Lars Clemmensen from the Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management.
The dating was performed using magnetostratigraphic studies. Here, the researchers read the Earth's ancient magnetic fields in ancient lake deposits and compare them to similar, well-dated sedimentary sea deposits from elsewhere in the world.
Even on a global scale, the researchers' access to a 350-meter thick unbroken layered series of fossils which includes early herbivorous dinosaurs and other contemporaneous vertebrates is extraordinarily unique. The unbroken layer series has allowed them to accurately read changes in Earth's ancient magnetic fields and made dating the layers safe.
Carnivorous dinosaurs were 600,000 years faster
Herbivorous dinosaurs weren't alone in East Greenland, which at the time was at the same latitude as the northeastern United States. Therefore, the area had a humid temperate climate. Small carnivorous dinosaurs had also made their way there. According to the researcher duo, the fossil finds in East Greenland and elsewhere also demonstrate that carnivorous dinosaurs were better at overcoming extreme climate barriers and migrating to new lands compared to their herbivorous relatives. The researchers' preliminary analyses show that the meat eaters reached East Greenland 600,000 years before herbivorous dinosaurs.
Lars Clemmensen, along with Danish, European and American researchers, has been on seven expeditions. Along the way, he has taken part in the work of discovering bones not only from herbivorous dinosaurs, but from carnivorous dinosaurs, flying lizards, labyrinthodontia and early mammals. The new dating method makes it possible to precisely determine their ages:
"With this new and very precise chronology, we have a tool to better understand the dispersal pattern of many early vertebrates on Pangæa. This holds especially true in the area between Northern Europe and East Greenland. We can go into every layer of soil where we have found bones and precisely determine their age," says Lars Clemmensen | <urn:uuid:a1a8165f-1dcf-4113-8357-48d27d8c4c13> | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | https://scind.org/Environment/article/5-million-years-needed-for-dinosaurs-to-get-from-South-America-to-Greenland | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662539101.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220521112022-20220521142022-00445.warc.gz | en | 0.9584 | 916 | 4.34375 | 4 |
The doctrine of vicarious liability means that one person may be held liable for the acts of another person. This established legal principle comes into play most often regarding the liability of employers for the acts of their employees. There are many different names for this type of vicarious liability, including the “master and servant” rule, the laws of agency and the relationship between principal and agent, and the doctrine of respondeat superior. Vicarious liability can be very important to establish, because often it is the employer or the employer’s insurance which has the resources to properly compensate an injured individual.
The key element in establishing liability of an employer is most often determining whether or not the employee was acting within the “scope of employment” when the accident or injury occurred. An employer may argue that no tortious act is within the scope of employment, because that is not why the employee was hired, but this broad interpretation misses the point. An example of vicarious liability would be a delivery driver who collides with an automobile and causes a personal injury to the vehicle occupant while the driver was on his route. Of course, causing a collision was not part of the driver’s job, but the accident occurred while the driver was driving “within the scope of his employment,” and the employer can most likely be held vicariously liable in this instance. Learn more about vicarious liability in New York by reading below.
New York Vicarious Liability Law and Parental Responsibility
Parents are of course responsible for their children, but whether or not they are civilly liable for tortious acts of their children is another matter. There are several ways in which parents may be considered liable for the acts of their children under New York law, but a common element is that the parent’s own negligence or failure to act appropriately contributed to the injury caused by the child. For instance, parents may be liable for their children’s actions when:
- The injury arose from the parent’s own failure to supervise or restrain the child from conduct that would endanger others, when the parent knew that the child had a propensity toward such conduct
- Parent and Child had a “master and servant” relationship, and the child was acting within the scope of his or her authority
- Parent was guilty of negligent entrustment of an instrument which would be unreasonably dangerous in the hands of a child, such as a firearm or other weapon
- The parent can be shown to have approved of or consented to the child’s behavior
Vicarious Liability of Hospitals for Medical Malpractice
Doctors are not the only health care professionals who can act negligently regarding patient care. When other hospital employees provide substandard care, the hospital may be vicariously liable for the medical malpractice of its employees.
New York Vicarious Liability Lawyer
New York personal injury lawyer Leandros Vrionedes thoroughly investigates every automobile accident, case of medical malpractice, or other accident or injury to determine all the responsible parties who may be liable to compensate the injury victim. For assistance in obtaining the maximum available compensation for a New York City personal injury, contact Leandros A. Vrionedes, P.C. for a free consultation. | <urn:uuid:f06ca727-5836-4be9-90d3-551e8d86e154> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://www.injuriesandaccidents.com/resources/vicarious-liability-for-personal-injury/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474843.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20240229134901-20240229164901-00852.warc.gz | en | 0.967338 | 670 | 2.78125 | 3 |
Poetry makes language visual, emphasizing its ekphrastic potential to conjure images out of words. Sometimes the words themselves form images, as in concrete poetry, in which the mise-en-scene of the words on the page is essential to their meaning. Other times, the enjambment acts only to create a break in action, a pause. Other times still, the words spill out like long endless paragraphs, as in prose poetry. In all these cases, what ties these words together is a certain indefinable focus on the visual potential of language.
In the visual arts, despite the spate of exhibitions devoted to understanding life in the age of the internet, art practices that happen online and attendant questions surrounding their platforms, networks, and unique mechanics of reading, looking, context, and display are still historically peripheral or misconstrued. This is in part a problem of preservation.
In 1955, just as the celebrated Family of Man exhibition opened at the Museum of Modern Art in NY, Simon and Schuster published The Sweet Flypaper of Life, a small volume of photographs by Roy DeCarava with text by Langston Hughes.
In their debut collection of poems, Pinoy writer and visual artist Aldrin Valdez conjures a constellation of identity through the remnants. Memories, photographs, letters, transcriptions, artworks, and pop culture references cleave to reconcile the joy and trauma inherent in a duplicitous, multi-hyphenate world.
Penny Slinger was studying at Chelsea College of Art when she discovered Max Ernst's collage books. Ernst's printmaking and collage remains a landmark in artistic and literary publishing. While Slinger was inspired by his techniques of visual narrative and exciting juxtapositions, she was also struck by his poor representations of women, shared by most of the male-dominated Surrealist milieu. | <urn:uuid:abd13bf4-cd04-46f3-a195-3be5f93b095a> | CC-MAIN-2021-21 | https://brooklynrail.org/2019/4/art_books | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-21/segments/1620243991870.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20210517211550-20210518001550-00187.warc.gz | en | 0.949696 | 380 | 2.53125 | 3 |
For military families, frequent deployments and moves can make it challenging to stay on top of home safety. Places where your kids spend a lot of time, like their bedroom or playroom, can contain hazards that are easy to miss at first glance. The most common home hazards that can cause children’s injury or death include:
- Medications and vitamins
- Water in bathtubs
- Unsafe sleeping environments
- Unsecured weapons
- Climbing hazards (like unsecured bookcases or open windows)
- Hot stoves
Protect your child from these and other dangers with this Steps to Home Safety checklist. The information below can also help you eliminate home hazards and keep your military kids safe and sound.
Call 800-342-9647 to get more information from Military OneSource on child safety and reducing home hazards.
Did you know?
- Almost 9 million children are treated for unintentional injuries in hospital emergency departments each year.
- Every day, 20 children in the U.S. are hospitalized for gun-related injuries.
- More than 75 percent of injury-related deaths among children younger than 1 year old are due to suffocation.
- Most poisonings occur when parents or caregivers are home but are not paying attention.
You can help prevent neglectful situations by reporting military children in hazardous situations to the Family Advocacy Program.
Crib comforts: What's safe, what's not
Below are some general guidelines for creating a safe sleeping environment for infants. The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development’s Safe to Sleep campaign website has more information.
- Stuffed animals and pillows. Having these items in the crib can cause suffocation because infants are too young to change positions easily if their airway becomes blocked. Keep cribs free of all pillows, stuffed animals, and the like.
- Blankets and other soft bedding. Accidental suffocation or strangulation in bed is one of the primary causes of sudden infant death. If you live in a cold climate and a blanket is a must, talk to your pediatrician about the safest way to swaddle your infant and whether sleepers, sleep sacks, and wearable blankets are safer alternatives.
- Pacifiers. It’s OK to give your baby a pacifier, but buy one made of a solid piece of molded plastic, with a shield that is at least 1.5 inches across and has ventilation holes. Never tie the pacifier to the crib, and replace the pacifier as soon as it begins to deteriorate.
- Loose, dangling, or sharp objects. Check all toys, stuffed animals, and blankets often, as they become worn over time. Buttons grow loose and ribbons fray, becoming choking and strangling hazards.
How can I keep my home safe for my kids as they grow?
Risk factors for your military children change as they get older, grow out of cribs, and start moving around a lot more! The American Academy of Pediatrics’ Healthy Children website is a great resource to help military parents childproof based on children’s’ ages.
You can get started now by going room by room inside your home — and looking outside too — to find what your child can touch, reach, and get into. Get down on the floor to take a look from their height so you don’t miss things your children can see or reach.
Download the Steps to Home Safety checklist of preventive steps to take in each room of your home. Keep in mind when using the list that children of different ages may require more safety measures.
Is my yard safe for my kids?
For keeping children safe, what's outside your home is just as important as what's inside. Some examples of outdoor hazards are driveways, rodent traps, plant pesticides, garden tools, and lawn mowers.
Here are some tips for protecting your military kids:
- Keep toys away from the driveway, and use tape, a fence, or other markings to mark off safe areas for children to play.
- If your lawn has been treated with fertilizers or other chemicals, keep your children off it for 48 hours.
- Return tools and equipment to childproof locations immediately after use.
- Make sure backyard areas are well-lit.
What if my kids know to stay away from home hazards?
Remember that there are other safety considerations for parenting older children — and that just because they seem self-sufficient, that doesn’t mean all risk is eliminated. For example, states and installations have child supervision guidelines on the appropriate ages to leave children alone. Learn the guidelines in your area. | <urn:uuid:6866e7a5-a71f-42a7-bd92-f526df657988> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.militaryonesource.mil/safe-and-sound/hazards-around-the-home | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718296.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00427-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.946349 | 954 | 2.96875 | 3 |
The Time-Lapse Photography FAQ: An Introduction to Time-Lapse Photography
Version 8 Jan, 2011
Copyright Ted Kinsman
It is hard for me to believe that this is the 14th year of up dating the Time-Lapse Photography FAQ. With all the advances in digital cameras there is more to write about than ever. I will attempt to get across the fundamentals of working with digital cameras in the new chapter completely devoted to digital Time-lapse. I have also included a full chapter on Construction Time-Lapse a current hot topic with many new uses for the current series of digital cameras.
I would like to thank all of the great photographers and engineers that have written and called in the past year. Your insights and strange requests have keep me thinking that there are many new directions to go in the world of time-lapse photography.
What time-lapse is:
New digital cameras and how to use them
The use and selection of cameras including the Arriflex, Bolex, and Mitchell Camera Models.
The steps a computer must use to control lights, camera and the action.
How to deal with plants in the time-lapse laboratory.
How to film the sun, sunsets, sunrises, and various weather systems.
Equations and how to figure out that timing sequence by comparing digital image files.
Problems encountered in filming a construction site with a time-lapse camera | <urn:uuid:f713fe22-5c0c-41e2-ba12-64182840626f> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.sciencephotography.com/how2do2.shtml | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368710366143/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516131926-00002-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.94234 | 296 | 2.546875 | 3 |
Canning is a food preserving method in which the food is sealed in an airtight container. This method prevents spoilage and allows for food to be stored unrefrigerated for a longer period. To prevent food contamination prior and during the canning process a number of various methods are used: boiling, pasteurization, freezing, drying, vacuum sealing, as well as antimicrobial ingredients, such as salt, sugar, acids, etc.
In the early years of the Napoleonic Wars, the French government offered a large cash reward to the inventor who could come up with a way of preserving large quantities of food. The large armies of the period required an increase in quality food, especially during the summer and fall months. In 1809, a French confectioner and brewer named Nicolas Appert developed a method of sealing food in glass jars and found the food did not spoil unless the seal was broken. It took another 50 years before it was understood why sealed food did not spoil, thanks to Louis Pasteur, inventor of the pasteurization method.
Since glass jars were not easily transportable, commercial canneries replaced them with cylindrical tins or wrought-iron canisters, the name later being shortened to "can". These proved to be cheaper and less breakable than glass, however glass continued to be preferred in home canning.
The method used for canning (boiling water bath vs. pressure canning) is dictated by the acidity of the foods to be canned. Low acid foods require sterilization under high temperatures (240-275 F or 116-130 C) to avoid the Clostridium botulinum (botulism) microorganism, which can be done using the boiling method. High acidic foods, such as fruits, pickled vegetables, or foods that have had acid added, can be safely canned in a boiling water bath. To achieve temperatures greater than the boiling point, a pressure canner must be used. Most vegetables, meats, fish, poultry and dairy products require this method.
In North America, the most common glass jar used in home canning is the Mason jar, which have thick walls. In the United Kingdom, Kilner jars are most used, which are similar to Mason jars but without the dimple on top. | <urn:uuid:db8860d7-cca7-4a2c-b7e5-66a294837675> | CC-MAIN-2021-04 | https://blog.foodista.com/technique/TPWNYF5L/canning | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610703499999.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20210116014637-20210116044637-00214.warc.gz | en | 0.950597 | 467 | 3.6875 | 4 |
Major Duncan Heyward has been ordered to escort Cora and Alice Munro from Fort Edward to Fort William Henry, where the young women’s father, Colonel Munro, is commandant. Also in the party is David Gamut, a Connecticut singing master. On their way to Fort William Henry, they do not follow the military road through the wilderness. Instead, they place themselves in the hands of a renegade Huron known as Magua, who claims that he can lead them to their destination by a shorter trail.
It is afternoon when the little party meets the woodsman Hawkeye and his Delaware Mohican friends Chingachgook and his son Uncas. To their dismay, they learn that they are but an hour’s distance from their starting point. Hawkeye deduces that Magua has been planning to lead the party into a trap. His Mohican comrades try to capture the renegade, but Magua flees into the woods. At Heyward’s urging, Hawkeye agrees to guide the travelers to their destination. After the horses are tied and hidden among rocks along a river, Hawkeye produces a hidden canoe from among the bushes and paddles the party to a rock at the foot of Glenn’s Falls. There they prepare to spend the night in a cave.
That night, the party is surprised by a band of Iroquois led by Magua. Hawkeye, Heyward, and the rest might have a chance of victory, but unfortunately their ammunition, which was left in the canoe, has been stolen by one of the enemy. Their only hope then lies in the possibility of future rescue, for the capture of the little group is a certainty. Hawkeye, Chingachgook, and Uncas escape by floating downstream, leaving the Munro sisters and Major Heyward to meet the savages.
Captured, Cora and Alice are allowed to ride their horses, but their captors force Heyward and David to walk. Although they take a road paralleling the one that leads to Fort William Henry, Heyward cannot determine the destination the Indians have in mind. Drawing close to Magua, he tries to persuade him to betray his companions and deliver the party safely to Colonel Munro. The Huron agrees on the condition that Cora be given to him to live with him among his tribe as his wife. When she refuses, the enraged Magua has everyone bound. He is threatening Alice with his tomahawk when Hawkeye and his friends creep up silently on the band and attack. The Iroquois flee, leaving several of their dead behind. The party, under David’s guidance, sings a hymn of thanksgiving and then pushes onward.
Toward evening, they stop at a deserted blockhouse to rest. Many years before, it had been the scene of a fight between the Mohicans and the Mohawks, and a mound still shows where bodies lay buried. While Chingachgook keeps watch, the others sleep, and then at moonrise they continue on their way. It is dawn when Hawkeye and his charges draw near Fort William Henry. They are intercepted and challenged by a sentinel of the French under Montcalm, who is about to lay siege to the fort. Heyward is able to answer him in French, and they are allowed to proceed. Chingachgook kills and scalps the French sentinel. Then, through the fog that has risen from Lake George and through the enemy forces that throng the plain before the fort, Hawkeye leads the way to the gates of the fort.
On the fifth day of the siege, Hawkeye, who has been sent to Fort Edward to seek help, is intercepted on his way back, and a letter he carries is captured. Webb, the commander of Fort Edward, has refused to come to Munro’s aid. Under a flag of truce, Montcalm and Munro hold a parley. Montcalm shows Webb’s letter to Munro and offers honorable terms of surrender. Colonel Munro and his men will be allowed to keep their colors, their arms, and their baggage if they vacate the fort the next morning. Helpless to do otherwise, Munro accepts these terms. During one of the parleys between the English and the French, Heyward is surprised to see Magua in the camp of the French. He was not killed during their earlier skirmish.
The following day, the vanquished English leave Fort William Henry and start for Fort Edward. Under the eyes of the French and their Indian allies, they pass across the plain and enter the forest. Suddenly an Indian grabs at a brightly colored shawl worn by one of the women from the fort. Terrified, she pulls the shawl closer and wraps her baby in it. The Indian darts to her, grabs the infant from her arms, and dashes the child’s head against a rock. Then, under the eyes of Montcalm, who does nothing to hold back his savage allies, a monstrous slaughter begins. Cora and Alice, entrusted to David Gamut’s protection, are in the midst of the killing when Magua swoops down upon them and carries Alice away. Cora runs after her sister, and faithful David follows her. They are soon atop a hill, from which they watch the slaughter of the garrison.
Three days later, Hawkeye, leading Heyward, Munro, and his Indian comrades, tracks the young women and David with the help of Cora’s veil, which had caught on a tree. Heyward is concerned above all for the safety of Alice. The day before the massacre, he had been given her father’s permission to court her.
Hawkeye, knowing that hostile Indians are on their trail, decides that they should save time by traveling across the lake in a canoe that he has discovered in its hiding place nearby. He is certain that Magua has taken the Munro sisters north, where he plans to rejoin his own people. Heading their canoe in that direction, the five men paddle all day, at one point having a close escape from some of their enemies. They spend that night in the woods, and the next day they turn west in an effort to find Magua’s trail.
After much searching, Uncas finds the trail of the captives. That evening, as Hawkeye and his party draw near the Huron camp, they meet David Gamut wandering about. He tells his friends that the Indians think him crazy because of his habit of breaking into song, and they allow him to roam the woods unguarded. Alice, he says, is being held at the Huron camp, and Cora has been entrusted to the care of a tribe of peaceful Delawares a short distance away.
Heyward, disguising his face with paint, goes to the Huron camp in an attempt to rescue Alice while the others set about to help Cora. Heyward has been in the camp but a short time, posing as a French doctor, when Uncas is brought in, a captive. Called to treat a sick Indian woman, Heyward finds Alice in the cave with his patient. He is able to rescue her by wrapping her in a blanket and declaring to the Hurons that she is his patient, whom he is carrying off to the woods for treatment. Hawkeye, attempting to rescue Uncas, enters the camp disguised in a medicine man’s bearskin he has stolen. He cuts Uncas loose and gives him the disguise, and the woodsman borrows David Gamut’s clothes. The singer is left to take Uncas’s place while the others escape, for Hawkeye is certain that the Indians will not harm David because of his supposed mental condition. Uncas and Hawkeye flee to the Delaware camp.
The following day, Magua and a group of his warriors visit the Delawares in search of the escaped prisoners. The chief of the Delawares decides that the Hurons have a just claim to Cora because Magua wishes to make her his wife. Under inviolable Indian custom, the Huron is permitted to leave the camp unmolested, but Uncas warns him that in a few hours he and the Delawares will follow his trail.
During a bloody battle, Magua flees with Cora to the top of a cliff. There, pursued by Uncas, Magua stabs and kills the young Mohican; he is then, in turn, sent to his death by a bullet from Hawkeye’s long rifle. Cora, too, is killed by a Huron. Amid deep mourning by the Delawares, she and Uncas are laid in their graves in the forest. Colonel Munro and Heyward conduct Alice to English territory and safety. Hawkeye returns to the forest. He has promised to remain with his sorrowing friend Chingachgook forever. | <urn:uuid:da307811-86d3-49c8-a758-d2c52752aded> | CC-MAIN-2016-26 | http://www.enotes.com/topics/last-mohicans | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-26/segments/1466783399117.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20160624154959-00032-ip-10-164-35-72.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.975679 | 1,841 | 3.125 | 3 |
ASTI, city in Piedmont, N.W. Italy. Jews are mentioned in Asti in a document of 812, but its authenticity is doubtful. In the 14th century a number of Jews expelled from France found refuge in Asti, then an important commercial center, and neighboring towns. They retained the French rite, specifically for the New Year and the Day of Atonement: the "Apam" (properly "Afam") rite (מנהג אפם), so called after the Hebrew initials of the three towns Asti, Fossano, and Moncalvo (see *Liturgy ). Now long relinquished, the prayers have been preserved in many manuscripts. There was a *blood libel accusation in 1553. The Regie Costituzioni of 1723 and 1729 established separate quarters for the Jews in all the royal domains. The ghetto became compulsory in 1730. Napoleon's decrees of December 1798 and February 1799 abolished the ghetto. It is difficult to establish the number of the Jews in Asti before the census ordered by King Carlo Emanuele III in 1761; in that year there were 38 families, numbering 196 Jews. In 1774 the number of Jews rose to 400. There were anti-Jewish riots in Asti in 1803. The *Artom family derived from here. During the Nazi persecution 51 members of the community were killed. In 1970 about 20 Jews lived in Asti. At the turn of the 20th century Asti no longer had a functioning Jewish community and was under the jurisdiction of the community of Turin, as were all the other nonfunctioning communities of Piedmont (Alessandria, Carmagnola, Cherasco, Cuneo, Mondovì, Saluzzo, and Ivrea).
S. Foà, in: RMI, 27–28 (1961–62), passim; Goldschmidt, in: KS, 30 (1954/55), 118–36, 264–76; D. Disegni, in: Scritti… S. Mayer (1956), 78–81. ADD. BIBLIOGRAPHY: P. De Benedetti, "Gli ebrei di Asti e il loro rito," in: Il Platano, 4 (1977), 17–28; idem, "Ancora sugli ebrei di Asti," in: Il Platano, 5 (1979), 43–46; L. Voghera Luzzatto, "Ebrei ad Asti," in: Il Torchio (1979–80), 6–9; idem, "Emancipazione ebraica ad Asti," in: Il Platano, 2 (1980), 92–102; R. Segre and M.L. Giribaldi Sardi, Il Ghetto, la Sinagoga. Viaggio attraverso la cultura ebraica di Asti (1992); M.L. Giribaldi Sardi, Scuola e vita nella comunità ebraica di Asti (1800–1930) (1993); E. Rossi Artom, Gli Artom – Storia di una famiglia della Comunità ebraica di Asti attraverso le sue generazioni (XVI–XX secolo) (1997); M.L. Giribaldi Sardi, Asti. Guida alla sinagoga, al museo e al cimitero ebraico (1999).
[Attilio Milano / Manuela Consonni (2nd ed.)]
Source: Encyclopaedia Judaica. © 2008 The Gale Group. All Rights Reserved. | <urn:uuid:85f06036-8859-4e3d-8a12-34fa7d233f89> | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/asti | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224643388.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20230527223515-20230528013515-00359.warc.gz | en | 0.80194 | 806 | 3.15625 | 3 |
Reach into the cool water to feel the armored skin of a fish little changed from the days of the dinosaurs.
From sirens to salamanders, see some of the amphibians that find moist habitats in local back yards, parks and forest preserves.
From ravenous Asian carp to toothy sea lampreys, meet some of the invasive species posing challenges to the Great Lakes.
We’re all at home on the Great Lakes
From sand dunes to shorelines views, the Great Lakes are among the world’s most precious natural resources. If you live in the Great Lakes basin, you’re one of the 40 million people who depend on the lakes for drinking water, employment and recreation. More than 3,500 plant and animal species—some found nowhere else on the planet—also call the region home. By meeting our animal neighbors and understanding the environmental issues that affect them, we can help protect the Great Lakes for wildlife and people. | <urn:uuid:aa1405c3-1462-4995-b172-2f8c0593fc18> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.sheddaquarium.org/exhibits/at-home-on-the-great-lakes | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141216897.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20201130161537-20201130191537-00414.warc.gz | en | 0.872562 | 197 | 2.78125 | 3 |
UNESCO – MAN AND BIOSPHERE
JULIAN ALPS BIOSPHERE RESERVE
UNESCO is very important organisation in the United Nations. It was established with the main objective to contribute to peace and security in the world by promoting collaboration among nations through education, science and culture. The Programme MAB – Man and Biosphere was started in 1968. It was designed with an aim to study the influence of human activities on the changes in the environment and to encourage sustainable development.
The worldwide MAB network comprises 440 reserves in 97 countries. On 10th of July 2003 the UNESCO office in Paris adopted a Decision to include the Julian Alps and the Triglav National Park into the international network of biosphere reserves MAB. The Julian Alps have thus become part of a network of model regions of sustainable development.
Guided tours and programme
Send an e-card to your friends and show them the beauties of the Triglav National Park.
Triglav at flickr
Some photos of the Triglav National Park from the Flickr webportal. | <urn:uuid:a33e3a59-adc8-42be-87e4-cb32d5968aea> | CC-MAIN-2014-49 | http://www.tnp.si/get_to_know/closedpro_en/281 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-49/segments/1416400380355.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20141119123300-00141-ip-10-235-23-156.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.925292 | 219 | 2.953125 | 3 |
Laws to censor or criminalize
suicide information sources
Information about how to commit suicide is a delicate topic.
- On the one hand, guarantees of freedom of speech in the U.S. and Canada
permit dissemination of a wide range of speech and writing that deal with unpopular
and controversial topics
like this one.
- On the other hand, suicide is often a permanent solution to a temporary
problem. Many persons who commit suicide are depressed and without hope. Yet
depression can frequently be lifted with medication, support, and therapy. Circumstances often
change to give people hope. If committing suicide is facilitated by
disseminating how-to information, a person might
kill themselves instead of choosing to stay alive, struggle with the depression and hopefully lead a long worthwhile life.
Some argue that suicide is defensible for one group of individuals: those
with a terminal illness who are in intractable pain or who are experiencing a
permanent loss of autonomy that they find unacceptable. With the state of health
care in North America and in particular the state of pain management for
terminally ill patients, some have argued that suicide can be a rational choice
to avoid having to continue a life that is intolerable to them.
We consider putting pets and farm animals "to sleep" to be an act of kindness. But
we do not allow humans to be treated in the same way. They must engineer their
own suicide. They cannot obtain assistance in dying. Physician Assisted suicide
is illegal in all of Canada and in almost all states in the U.S.
There are victims of disease for whom every hour remaining alive is another
60 minutes of agony. If they wish to commit suicide they must arrange it
themselves. Some want access to sources of information on suicide. However, there are legislators and governments that attempt to keep
this type of information from becoming generally available. They are concerned
that knowledge will lead to more people seeking suicide as a permanent solution
to a temporary problem..
Attempts to restrict information access in the U.S.
On 2006-DEC-08, Rep. Walter Herger (R-CA) introduced the
"Suzanne Gonzales Suicide Promotion Punishment and Prevention
Act of 2006" H.R. 6412. Three Republicans and one Democrat cosponsored the
The bill is named after Suzy Gonzales, a 19-year-old former coed at Florida
State University who was a Southern Baptist. She was suicidaly depressed. She
posted over 100 messages on an on-line Internet discussion group whose members
were "pro-choice" on suicide. Their site contained a "methods" page that gave
step-by-step instructions on how to commit suicide. Fourteen members of the
group had allegedly committed suicide by the time that she terminated her life
on 2003-MAR-23 by ingesting poison. 1
The bill would criminalize one-on-one counseling on methods of
committing suicide to a person who is likely to use the information to end
their life. Congressional Research Service provided a summary of the bill. It
"... the federal criminal code to prohibit the use of any facility
of interstate or foreign commerce to teach a person how to commit suicide, or to
provide such person with material support or resources in committing suicide,
knowing such person is likely to use such assistance to commit suicide. Imposes
a fine and/or prison term of not more than five years for violations. Increases
the prison term to any number of years or life if a violation results in a
The bill would insert section 1123 into the
United States Code, stating:
Interstate suicide promotion
`(a) Whoever knowingly uses any facility of interstate or
foreign commerce with intent--
`(1) to teach a particular person how to commit
suicide, knowing that the person so taught is likely to
use that teaching to commit suicide; or
`(2) to provide a particular person with material
support or resources to help such person commit suicide,
knowing that the person is likely to use the support to
shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more
than 5 years, or both, but if the death of any person is
caused by the offense, the term of imprisonment that may be
imposed for the offense is any term of years or for life.
The bill was forwarded to the House Judiciary Committee,
where it did not proceed. 3
Rep. Herger reintroduced the same bill on 2007-MAR-01 as H.R. 940. It was assigned to the House Judiciary Committee and then to
Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, and Homeland Security. It did not advance. 4
Australia law restricting information:
During mid-2005, the Australian Parliament passed laws banning web sites on
the Internet, and the outlawing the use of a telephone or fax, to incite people to
commit suicide or to disseminate information on how a person can kill themselves.
5 The prime target of the laws appears to have been Exit
International, a voluntary euthanasia information and advocacy organization
founded by Dr. Philip Nitschke in Darwin, Australia. Exit International
has chapters in over 25 cities and towns in Australia and New Zealand.
Justice Minister Chris Ellison said that the legislation is:
"... designed to
protect the young and the vulnerable, those at greatest risk of suicide, from
people who use the Internet with destructive intent to counsel or incite others
to kill themselves."
This is a much broader law than the proposed H.R. 940. It criminalizes books
or Internet sites about abortion written for dissemination to the general
New Zealand book censorship:
In 2007, the New Zealand Office of Film and Literature
Classification had denied distribution of the Australian
book "The Peaceful Pill Handbook." The book describes various
methods of committing suicide, and the legal aspects of the various
approaches. 7 The book is:
"Aimed at the elderly and people who are seriously ill and who
wish to know their end of life options." 8
Bill Hastings, the Chief Censor of New Zealand subsequently
allowed a modified version of the book into the country and gave it a R18 classification.
restricts its sale to persons over the age of 18 and requires
that it be displayed with a warning label and in a sealed package.
Key segments of the original text were removed in order to have it pass the
The following information sources were used to prepare and update the above
essay. The hyperlinks are not necessarily still active today.
- Julia Scheeres, "A virtual path to suicide: Depressed student
killed herself with help from online discussion group," San Francisco
Chronicle, 2003-JUN-08, at:
- Text of: "H.R. 6412 [109th]: Suzanne Gonzales Suicide
Promotion Punishment and Prevention Act of 2006," at:
- "H.R. 6412 [109th]: Suzanne Gonzales Suicide Promotion
Punishment and Prevention Act of 2006," GovTrack.US, at:
- "H.R. 940: Suzanne Gonzales Suicide Prevention Act of 2007," GovTrack.
- "Australia clamps down on Nitschke’s web suicide trade," International Task
Force, 2005-JUN, at:
- "Welcome to Exit International," at:
- Philip Nitschke & Fiona Stewart, "The Peaceful
Pill Handbook: New revised international edition."
- "Peaceful Pill Handbook" at:
- "Notice of decision under Section 38(1), Office of Film &
Literature Classification, at:
Copyright © 2008 to 2012 by Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance
First posted: 2008-AUG-12
Last update: 2012-JAN-24
Author: B.A. Robinson | <urn:uuid:256b558d-043f-4bf9-8281-526ff4ee576b> | CC-MAIN-2014-10 | http://religioustolerance.org/sui_law.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-10/segments/1394011372778/warc/CC-MAIN-20140305092252-00043-ip-10-183-142-35.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.916017 | 1,648 | 3.046875 | 3 |
By OOI KEE BENG, “Picking on the Past”, column in Penang Monthly, October 2017. (Published on Merdeka Day, 31 August 2017 in The Malaysian Insight).
MALAYSIA is a special place for its natural geography and its human history, but most importantly of all, because of its demographic complexity.
The peninsula is on the western receiving end of the wind systems of the Bay of Bengal, placed between huge and influential civilizations, and endowed as one of the world’s few archipelagic regions where the climate is kind, the seas generous and where coastal cultures developed separately from but knowledgeable of each other, isolated populations traded with each other and were quietly cosmopolitan in ways that were – and are – very different from the metropolitan complexity of civilizational centres elsewhere in the world.
New actors from Europe arrived onto the scene and their orientation was much more global in reach and their capacity to transform societies and regions were much greater than those who had come before. They brought to the region what we have learned to call “modern times”.
What this intrusion also precipitated, through the new economic structures their arrival implanted, was a hugely accelerated migration of peoples as much from within as from outside the region.
British Malaya, then, whether we acknowledge it today or not, created a radically new demographic situation.
The intra-Nusantara population on the peninsula jumped as much as the extra-Nusantara population did.
Most importantly, a new socio-economic pattern came into being, strongly tied to the emergent global economy being mid-wifed by mercantile Britain.
This global economic, political and ideological connection that accompanied and nourished the demographic changes on the peninsula, is what makes Malaysia special.
It is the reason why Malaysia – and more obviously in the case of Singapore after 1963 – could so easily move ahead economically after Merdeka in 1957 of its Dutch-controlled and French-controlled neighbours, and the semi-colonised Thailand.
British Malaya as a whole, despite the shrewd method of indirect but effective rule used, was therefore a world quite unlike the Malay Peninsula that existed before the late 18th century. Let us say that the traditional “Pax Nusantara” was replaced.
The Japanese occupation in 1942-45 was the death knell for the Pax Britannica within which British Malaya could exist and evolve so successfully. The Second World War brought a new world order into place, and this sudden change exerted strong pressure on British Malaya to respond urgently and to transcend into something else that could survive in that new world order, with as little disruption and violence as possible.
What we then see after the War was a scramble, on one hand, to vainly reconstruct British Malaya, and on the other, to transition into a Pax Americana that for the region at that time was patently more about the Cold War than anything else.
For the British, letting the leaders of urban Malaya take over the reins of power was the best way to ensure the defeat of communism and the continuation of its own economic and cultural influence over Malaya beyond Merdeka. And this they managed to achieve – at least until 1969.
What the British were most concerned about was not communism, which could be fought through strategic and military means, it was instead communalism.
They knew that the new and demographically diverse Malaya they had created over almost 200 years had to transcend into a new consciousness that would allow it to remain politically united and be a steady part of the capitalist global economy.
The advent of the Alliance formula, stabilised by 1955, was therefore a godsend that put to rest the uncertainties that surrounded all the policies they had undertaken in the decade following their return in 1946. With Merdeka, they could more or less wipe their hands clean, and keep some of the goodies.
The incorporation of Singapore, Sabah and Sarawak in 1963 had troubles to work out, but with little input from the British.
In fact, they were not told of Singapore’s separation in 1965 until the very last minute. That separation, and the remaining of Sabah and Sarawak in the federation of course were informed by communal tensions and concerns. Keeping the peace through inter-ethnic consensus was to remain the preferred formula for peace and prosperity.
All that changed in 1969.
The New Economic Policy that was put in place to solve the socio-economic problems associated with turning colonised peoples and colonial economies into a national citizenry and a national economy had great merits.
But given how finely balanced the political system had been, the heavy overall political and mentality transformation that accompanied it allowed for a new generation of Malay leaders to play a game based more on subservience than on consensus.
This transformation, aside from the NEP, included:
1. The gerrymandering that detached the population of Kuala Lumpur out of the voting process for the key state of Selangor where the rioting of 1969 had broken out.
2. The thorough muffling of free speech through constitutional amendments and other legislative measures.
3. The incorporation of almost all political parties into the Barisan Nasional coalitional system.
4. And most significantly, the promotion in practical terms of the United Malays National Organisation (Umno) into unchallengeable prominence and dominance.
Alluring and opportunistic racialist notions such as “Ketuanan Melayu” (Malay Supremacy) and “Negara Islam” (Islamic State) became the preferred terms of discourse for Malay leaders within Umno. In fact, the flaws of the former necessitated the cunning evolution into the latter.
All this has not been so much an attempt at nostalgic reference to some mythical “Tanah Melayu” run by a people called “Melayu” as many may think, but simply a path-dependent strategy born of the opportunistic overreaction in the early 1970s to the rioting in Selangor.
Whether that rioting was part of a coup against Tunku Abdul Rahman, I shall leave to others to decide, but the 1970s brought into being a new Malaysian polity, aided by the fact that Singapore had left and Sabah and Sarawak had remained.
As mentioned earlier, what made Malaysia Malaysia was its ethnic pluralism, but the power structure of the early 1970s allowed for the imagination to be encouraged among the Malays by their self-proclaimed race-champion, Umno, that the country had always and shall remain “Tanah Melayu” (a land-based Malay world).
This, despite the fact that indigenous peoples of the region were always more correctly described to be living in “Kelautan Melayu”, (a sea-based Malay world). The nation-state concept is most faulty when it is used to describe maritime regions.
Sixty years after Merdeka, then, negotiations and struggles continue to find a balance between the communities, which can make Malaysia globally significant, economically powerful, and socially enviable. The notion of “Bangsa Malaysia” championed in the prosperous early 1990s was one such attempt.
Sadly, what has been happening over the decades is that Umno’s need to keep the Malay community as captive voters also unavoidably captured the country’s discourse and placed it in a perpetually contentious mode.
Once upon a time, the contention was along the dimension between inter-ethnic integration and inter-ethnic assimilation. Now it is about the degree of inter-ethnic separation.
In short, while the first decade following Merdeka was about stabilising the Alliance formula, the following six decades has seen the art of dismantling cultural pluralism being perfected.
– August 31, 2017.
* Ooi Kee Beng is the Executive Director of Penang Institute. His many books include The Reluctant Politician: Tun Dr Ismail and His Time (ISEAS 2006). | <urn:uuid:00c214b4-2cf8-4ee8-902f-fe80c241ebc5> | CC-MAIN-2020-05 | https://wikibeng.com/2017/10/09/in-60-years-the-art-of-dismantling-cultural-pluralism/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250603761.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20200121103642-20200121132642-00431.warc.gz | en | 0.96892 | 1,665 | 2.8125 | 3 |
WASHINGTON, May 15 (Xinhua) -- A study published on Tuesday in the journal Immunity showed that a high-fiber diet increased survival in influenza-infected mice by setting the immune system at a healthy level of responsiveness.
Researchers from Monash University found that dietary fiber blunted harmful, excessive immune responses in the lungs while boosting antiviral immunity by activating T cells.
These dual benefits were mediated by changes in the composition of gut bacteria, leading to an increase in the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) through the microbial fermentation of dietary fiber, according to the study.
The paper's senior author Benjamin Marsland and his team at Monash found that mice were protected from influenza infection by a diet supplemented with either the highly fermentable fiber inulin or SCFAs.
These treatments led to both the dampening of the innate immune response that is typically associated with tissue damage, and also the enhancement of the adaptive immune response that is charged with eliminating pathogens.
"We typically find that a certain treatment turns our immune system either on or off," Marsland said. "What surprised us was that dietary fiber was selectively turning off part of our immune system, while turning on another, completely unrelated part of our immune system."
Marsland and his team will further examine how dietary changes influence the immune system, and particularly how changes in the gut can influence lung diseases.
They are planning dietary intervention studies in humans to determine how their results could best be translated to day-to-day living.
"There is a need for carefully designed and controlled dietary or SCFA intervention studies in humans to address how these findings could be exploited to benefit people with asthma, or for preventing viral infections," said Marsland.
"We should also look further into these pathways as a means of supplementing other therapies or enhancing vaccine efficacy," said Marsland. | <urn:uuid:04be2a69-8c69-4f3f-947f-25255405976f> | CC-MAIN-2019-09 | http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-05/16/c_137181373.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-09/segments/1550247481122.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20190216210606-20190216232606-00358.warc.gz | en | 0.965819 | 381 | 3.1875 | 3 |
EVOLUTION OF ELECTRICITY
Many inventions have taken several
centuries to develop into their modern forms and modern inventions are rarely the product
of a single inventor's efforts. Each of the inventions listed below were only one small
step on the road to the ultimate goal.
Electricity has fascinated human kind since our ancestors
first witnessed lightning. In ancient Greece, Thales observed that an
electric charge could be generated by rubbing amber, for which the Greek
word is electron.
The German physicist Otto von Guericke experimented with
generating electricity in 1650.
The English physicist Stephen Gray discovered electrical
conductivity in 1729.
proposes the notion of positive and negative charge, conserving a balance except when a
deficit is brought about by some means. His famous kite experiments, identifying lightning
as a form of electrical discharge, take place in 1752.
invents an electric battery, the first source of DC current.
||In 1827, using equipment of his own
creation, Georg Simon Ohm
determined that the current that flows through a wire is
proportional to its cross sectional area and inversely proportional
to its length or Ohm's law. These fundamental relationships are of
such great importance, that they represent the true beginning of
electrical circuit analysis
experimentally characterizes magnetic induction. The most thorough of early electrical
investigators, he formulates the quantitative laws of electolysis, the principles of
electric motors and transformers, investigates diamagnetic materials, and posits a
physical reality for the indirectly observed magnetic and electrical lines of force.
||On April 24, 1877
Charles F. Brush was
issued U.S. Patent No. 189,997 for his arc lighting system. There
were other arc lamps before Brush's that utilized electromagnets as
part of a regulation system but it was the combination of the
electromagnet with the ring clutch that made Brush's design superior
in regulating the arc.
||Thomas Alva Edison
invented the lightbulb, and houses, shops, factories, schools,
streets, ballparks -- every place you could think of, indoors and
out -- could at last be easily illuminated after dark.
||Louis Latimer and
fellow inventor Joseph V. Nichols received a patent for their invention of the first
incandescent light bulb with carbon filament. Prior to this breakthrough, filaments had
been made from paper.
During his development of the braking and signaling
systems, in the mid 1880s,
Westinghouse became quite interested in electricity. He began
pursuing the technology of alternating current and he associated
with those who were developing AC devices.
On March 20, 1886,
demonstrated a system of high voltage transmission via a "parallel connected
transformer." The device, combined with high-voltage transmission lines,
made it possible to spread electric service over a wide area and allowed
alternating current to be available at different voltages.
discovers and measures the waves, radio waves, predicted earlier by Faraday and Maxwell.
invents the first practicable AC motor and polyphase power transmission system,.
Westinghouse acquired exclusive
rights to Nikola Tesla's patent for the polyphase system and lured
Tesla to join the electric company and continue his work on the AC motor he
Oliver B. Shallenberger (1860 -1898), a
graduate of the U. S. Naval Academy, Shallenberger left the Navy in
1884 to join the Westinghouse company. In 1888 he invented an
induction meter for measuring alternating current, a critical
element in the Westinghouse AC system.
electrical engineer, inventor, and entrepreneur, was an innovator in
electrification in both a technical and corporate sense. Thomson
acquired nearly 700 patents in his career, his major contributions
included (electrostatic motors, electrical meters, high-pressure
steam engines, dynamos, generators and, X-rays).
flashlight is a relatively simple device, its invention did not occur
until the late 19th century because it depended upon the earlier
invention of the electric battery and electric light bulb. Conrad Hubert
received a US patent in 1903, number 737,107 issued August 26, for a
flashlight with an on/off switch in the now familiar cylindrical casing
containing lamp and batteries.
TO LEARN MORE
ON THE BOOKSHELF:
That Shaped World History
by Bill Yenne, Morton, Dr. Grosser (Editor) / Paperback - 112 pages (1983) / Bluewood Books
This book contains inventions from all around the world from microchips to fire. This is a
really good book if you are going to do research on inventions.
The Electric Mirror on the Pharos Lighthouse and Other Ancient
by Larry Brian Radka / Paperback: 168 pages / The Einhorn
Press (April 15, 2006)
This book aims to prove—through a comprehensive layout of ancient
coins, artifacts, monuments, and literature—that the ancients used
electricity to light up their temples, tombs, lighthouses,
fortresses, palaces, cities and other edifices and critical areas.
Empires of Light : Edison, Tesla, Westinghouse, and the Race to
Electrify the World
by Jill Jones / Hardcover: 432 pages / Random House; (August 19, 2003)
The genius of such poet-scientists as Nikola Tesla depended on the more
finely tuned business skills of George Westinghouse and the towering
capital of J.P. Morgan to achieve actualization.
The Forces of
by Michael Faraday / Paperback - 88 pages (May 1993) / Prometheus Books
Certainly a true classic. This book will appeal to both the layman and the technically
Yourself Electricity and Electronics
by Stan Gibilisco / Paperback: 800 pages / McGraw-Hill/TAB Electronics;3rd edition (August
Presented as a self-instructional guide for professionals, hobbyists, and technicians
desiring to competently enter the world of circuits (ac and dc), measuring devices,
resistors, cells and batteries, semiconductors, computers, and the Internet.
Electricity and Magnetism
by James Clerk Maxwell / Paperback 3rd edition / Dover Pubns
This volume covers magnetism and electromagnetism.
ON THE SCREEN:
DVD / 1 Volume Set / 50 Minutes / History Channel / Less than $25.00 /
Though the basic technology has remained constant for decades,
continual improvements and refinements have made them far more
efficient and powerful.
History of Westinghouse - An American Industrial Powerhouse
DVD / Unrated / A2ZCDS.com / Run Time: 70 / Flash
/ Full Screen / Original recording remastered
Westinghouse is still a household name – though many of us may be less than
familiar with its founder George Westinghouse, and the hard work and vision
that made his company a corporate legend. On this historic DVD is a solid
overview of vintage film clips shot at the height of the Westinghouse
ON THE WEB:
Consequences of Edison's Lamp
Over the course of the next half
century two especially significant social effects became clear. We
gained control over light in homes and offices, independent of the
time of day. And the electric light brought networks of wires into
homes and offices, making it relatively easy to add appliances and
other machines. From the Lighting Revolution at the Smithsonian.
A Brief History of Electricity
In the history of electricity, no single defining moment exists. The
way we produce, distribute, install, and use electricity and the
devices it powers is the culmination of nearly 300 years of research
and development. Article by Rosalie E. Leposky for ELECTRICAL
CONTRACTOR, January 2000.
Heinrich Hertz laid the ground work for the vacuum tube. He laid the foundation for
the future development of radio, telephone, telegraph, and even television. He was one of
the first people to demonstrate the existence of electric waves.
IEEE Milestones in Electrical Engineering and Computing
This is a program conducted by the IEEE History Committee through
the History Center to honor significant achievements in electrical,
electronic, and computer engineering. The program was founded in
1983 and to date has recognized over 50 major milestones.
In the 20th century, widespread electrification gave us power for
our cities, factories, farms, and homes - and forever changed our
lives. Chosen as the #1 greatest engineering achievement of the 20th
Century by the National Academy of Engineering.
Power Play is an interactive activity that helps users learn about
harnessing energy from different power sources. To build the
machine, users should click on one of the parts in the bottom screen
and then drag it into the upper screen. Each machine requires three
pieces. Once the machine works, users can click "Next" to go on to
the next challenge.
Electrical Energy and Circuit Design
Extensive listing of Web sites related to the study of electricity
and its pioneers.Presented by STC/MS™ is an inquiry-based middle
school science curriculum developed by the National Science
DID YOU KNOW?
electricity comes from the Latin term electricus, meaning to
"produce from amber by friction." This term has its roots in the
Greek term elektor, which means beaming sun. Without knowing
what it was, the effects of electricity have been observed in nature | <urn:uuid:16fec319-118c-4a85-b72f-d6edfbfce6c6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.ideafinder.com/features/smallstep/electricity.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280761.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00297-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.886403 | 2,038 | 3.296875 | 3 |
Looking homeward in its long journey to Jupiter, NASA’s Juno spacecraft offered up this rare view of our home planet with its moon. The spacecraft was some six million miles (nearly 10 million kilometers) from Earth when it took this photo on August 26, 2011. From this distance, oceans, land, clouds, and ice blend into a blur of light, a mere dot against the vastness of space. Even fainter and smaller, the Moon provides an additional sense of scale. Separated by just over an inch (about 3 centimeters) in this photo, the Earth and Moon are about 250,000 miles or 402,000 kilometers apart.
Juno traveled this distance, from the Earth to the Moon, in less than a day. The spacecraft launched on August 5, and will reach Jupiter, another 1,740 million miles (2,800 million kilometers) away, in about five years. The mission team took the photo as part of the first detailed check of the spacecraft’s instruments and subsystems.
“This is a remarkable sight people get to see all too rarely,” said Scott Bolton, Juno principal investigator from the Southwest Research Institute in San Antonio, in a NASA release. “This view of our planet shows how Earth looks from the outside, illustrating a special perspective of our role and place in the universe. We see a humbling yet beautiful view of ourselves.”
The photo and other checks show that Juno is healthy and on course for Jupiter. Once it reaches Jupiter, Juno will orbit the planet’s pole taking measurements that will provide insight into Jupiter’s origin, structure, atmosphere and magnetosphere. Juno will also help determine if Jupiter, a gas giant, has a solid core.
Image by NASA/JPL-Caltech. Caption by Holli Riebeek, derived from Jupiter-bound space probe captures Earth and Moon.
- Juno - JunoCam | <urn:uuid:c5275049-5c2b-4c69-8ddb-34e8df76e00f> | CC-MAIN-2015-48 | http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=51969&src=imgrss | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-48/segments/1448398453805.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20151124205413-00148-ip-10-71-132-137.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.925004 | 398 | 3.78125 | 4 |
Tiverton in Newport County, Rhode Island — The American Northeast (New England)
The earthen mounds on this site are the original fortifications that defended Tiverton against British forces that occupied Aquidneck Island. With hand tools & human toil colonists dug the breastworks then pulled artillery pieces up the hill to the redoubt.
Please enoy your visit in a way that preserves the sanctity of the place.
Location. 41° 37.518′ N, 71° 12.425′ W. Marker is in Tiverton, Rhode Island, in Newport County. Marker can be reached from the intersection of Highland Road and Lawton Avenue, on the left when traveling south. Click for map. Marker is located on a walking trail at Fort Barton, across the street from Tiverton Town Hall. Marker is in this post office area: Tiverton RI 02878, United States of America.
Other nearby markers. At least 8 other markers are within 4 miles of this marker, measured as the crow flies. Holtís Trail (within shouting distance of this marker); a different marker also named Fort Barton (within shouting distance of this marker); Portsmouth Compact (approx. 2 miles away); Butts Hill Fort (approx. 2.4 miles away); W 3 R (approx. 2.5 miles away); Battle of Rhode Island † 1778 (approx. Garden of New England (approx. 2.9 miles away); Site of the Battle of Rhode Island (approx. 3.1 miles away). Click for a list of all markers in Tiverton.
Also see . . .
1. The Battle of Rhode Island. (Submitted on October 9, 2011, by Bill Coughlin of North Arlington, New Jersey.)
2. Fort Barton Woods & Revolutionary War Redoubt. Map of the Fort Barton area. (Submitted on October 9, 2011, by Bill Coughlin of North Arlington, New Jersey.)
Categories. • Forts, Castles • War, US Revolutionary •
Credits. This page originally submitted on , by Bill Coughlin of North Arlington, New Jersey. This page has been viewed 683 times since then and 36 times this year. Photos: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. submitted on , by Bill Coughlin of North Arlington, New Jersey. This page was last revised on June 16, 2016. | <urn:uuid:d3c46313-4cfa-488f-978b-e79b4dbea46f> | CC-MAIN-2017-13 | http://www.hmdb.org/marker.asp?marker=48078 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-13/segments/1490218188824.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20170322212948-00287-ip-10-233-31-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.922641 | 505 | 3.09375 | 3 |
Post written by François Grosjean.
Do you recognize the distinguished looking gentleman in the photo? He was trilingual in Polish, French and English; he wrote outstanding prose in his third language, English, and he is now recognized as one of English literature's great authors. His name is Joseph Conrad and, as it happens, he had a very strong Polish accent in English!
There is a longstanding myth that real bilinguals have no accent in their different languages. Joseph Conrad and many other bilinguals, in all domains of life, show how unfounded this myth is. Having a "foreign" accent in one or more languages is, in fact, the norm for bilinguals; not having one is the exception. There is no relationship between one's knowledge of a language and whether one has an accent in it.
Researchers do not agree on an accent age limit - no accent if a language is acquired below it, the presence of an accent if it is acquired later. Some have proposed that a language can be "accentless" (in the sense of not being influenced by one's first language) if acquired before age six; others extend the window to age twelve. Personally, I have met bilinguals who acquired their second or third language even later who do not have an accent in it.
Usually a first language will influence a second language that is acquired later, but it is not uncommon that a second language may influence the first. This happens when the second language is used much more than the first, over an extended period of time. Bilinguals who start having an accent in their first language are usually very conscious of it and often comment on it; some even excuse themselves. But it is a normal linguistic phenomenon explained by the circumstances of life.
As for the origin of accents in a third or a fourth language, one must examine the bilingual's language history. It really depends on when and where the person acquired the language and which other language was dominant at the time.
Some bilinguals even have an accent in all of their languages. This happens when they spent their early years moving between language communities. Once again, this is not an indication of how well they master their languages.
We are all conscious of our accents; some see disadvantages to them whereas others see advantages. Among the disadvantages, the one that is mentioned the most is that it makes you stand out from others when you want to blend in. If the society you live in is not positively inclined toward the group you belong to, an accent can have a negative effect on the way you are perceived and treated.
Another disadvantage is that an accent may signal that the speaker has not tried hard enough to learn the language when, in fact, it is due to neuromuscular factors that are difficult to control. Finally, although having an accent does not normally impede communication, when it is very strong, it may do so, even though the person may be fluent in the language being spoken.
But there are also many advantages to having an accent. Some accents are seen positively by people or groups (e.g. a French accent in Germany, a British accent in France, etc.). I have also known of cases in which an accent was a major factor in a person's falling in love with someone (although not the only factor, one hopes).
An accent also clearly marks you as a member of your group if you do not want to be seen as a member of the other group. Linked to this is that an accent can be self-protective. It prevents members of the group you are interacting with from expecting you to know their language perfectly as well as all their cultural and social rules.
In sum, having an accent when you know and use two or more languages is a fact of life; it is something you get used to, as do the others you interact with.
Note: In another post, I discuss the factors that explain why some bilinguals retain an accent while others do not (see here).
Reference: Grosjean, François. "Having an accent in a language". Chapter 7 of Grosjean, François (2010). Bilingual: Life and Reality. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press.
"Life as a bilingual" posts by content area: http://www.francoisgrosjean.ch/blog_en.html
François Grosjean's website: www.francoisgrosjean.ch | <urn:uuid:57f64fc8-4cfd-49a4-9712-e69b107b1e90> | CC-MAIN-2017-34 | https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/life-bilingual/201101/bilinguals-and-accents | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-34/segments/1502886105334.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20170819085604-20170819105604-00699.warc.gz | en | 0.968168 | 913 | 2.671875 | 3 |
GARDASIL FOR GENITAL WART
Genital wart is not nice. Neither is Cervical Cancer nor Vaginal Cancer. Now a vaccine is available to prevent these diseases. Gardasil vaccine is intended for girls and women 9 to 26 years of age for the prevention in cases where HPV types 6, 11, 16, and 18 are involved. It does not work in patients already afflicted with the ailments. Gardasil comes in 0.5ml single-dose vials as well as pre-filled syringe (refrigeration required). Administration is intramuscular. Three doses are required: 0, 2, and 6 months. Protection is for at least 5 years. It is not known if booster dose is required. There are no known drug interactions. Adverse effects include injection site reactions and fever. | <urn:uuid:fd806a99-7554-4041-90cb-04f513693ab0> | CC-MAIN-2020-05 | http://millbrookpharmacy.com/page_69 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579251700675.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20200127112805-20200127142805-00120.warc.gz | en | 0.948091 | 168 | 2.578125 | 3 |
The British de Havilland D. H.4 (note the difference in designation from the American designation, DH-4) classic airplane was designed by Geoffrey (later Sir Geoffery) de Havilland, who would subsequently give Great Britain such magnificent aircraft designs as the Mosquito and Vampire. The D. H.4 made its first flight in August 1916, using a new British engine, the 200-horsepower Beardmore.
Classic Airplane Image Gallery
A large, handsome, two-bay, two-seat biplane of conventional construction, it was intended to replace the obsolete fighter airplanes at the front, such as the F.E. 2 d., in which so many hapless Royal Flying Corps crewmen had been slaughtered.
Production D. H.4s reached the front in 1917, and were soon supplemented by later versions powered by the magnificent Rolls-Royce Eagle engine, which gave superb performance.
When the United States entered World War I in 1917, it had no air force and no aviation industry. Among the first decisions made by the infant Air Service was to produce de Havilland D. H.4s in this country, powering each with the brand-new American Liberty engine that generated 400 horsepower.
The Dayton-Wright firm was selected to manufacture the new "Liberty Plane" on August 14, 1917. In a miracle of industrial effort, the first hand-built model was flown hardly more than two months later, on October 29, 1917. Production built slowly at first, but ultimately 4346 were built. On August 2, 1918, American-built DH-4s went on their first combat mission.
Not surprisingly, the hybrid aircraft had many faults, the worst of which was a tendency to catch fire when its center-mounted fuselage tank was hit by gunfire -- earning it the nickname "flaming coffin." Nonetheless, the American DH-4 became the backbone of the postwar Air Service and was the standard airmail plane for many years. It served until the late 1920s. Virtually every U.S. Army Air Forces combat leader in World War II had flown the DH-4. | <urn:uuid:00e556f0-f236-4854-9b2f-2efeb51b0a5e> | CC-MAIN-2017-13 | http://science.howstuffworks.com/de-havilland-dh-4.htm/printable | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-13/segments/1490218191444.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20170322212951-00500-ip-10-233-31-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.976035 | 439 | 3.28125 | 3 |
For those who are hoping to find evidence of life somewhere else in the Solar System, there was some exciting news this week. Two moons, Europa and Enceladus, were already thought to be among the best places to search, since both have liquid water oceans beneath their outer icy shells. And now, new data from the Cassini spacecraft and the Hubble Space Telescope has increased the potential for some form of living organisms to be found.
Europa and Enceladus are known as “ocean moons,” among at least several others in the Solar System such as Ganymede, Titan, Mimas and a few others, and maybe even the dwarf planet Pluto. The difference with Europa and Enceladus, however, is that their oceans are closer to the surface compared to the others, and are in contact with the rocky interior below them, just like on Earth. This means that chemical nutrients should be available. Other than that and the liquid water, a source of heat/energy is also required, at least for ocean life as we are familiar with on Earth, even if just microorganisms. Both moons appear to possess all three requirements, which makes them prime candidates in the search for life.
Read the rest of my article on OMNI. | <urn:uuid:100685ae-d3df-479b-b77f-632fc4988254> | CC-MAIN-2022-40 | http://planetaria.ca/2017/04/16/new-findings-two-ocean-moons-increase-possibility-finding-alien-life/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030337803.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20221006092601-20221006122601-00400.warc.gz | en | 0.97276 | 259 | 3.3125 | 3 |
2017 has seen its fair share of medical breakthroughs and pioneering research.
This has paved the way for several new advances we can expect in 2018.
1. Drones to distribute medicine to isolated areas
With improved technology, remote treatment and better distribution of medical services and medicine is rapidly becoming a reality.
In 2016, it was reported that a start-up company made use of drones to deliver medicine to Rwanda. This practice has since become routine and it is estimated that even more areas will benefit through this method.
2. Curing diseases through gene editing (CRISPR technology)
One of the big medical breakthroughs featured on Health24 this year was the technique to “edit” embryos to avoid genetic diseases.
This method holds potential for the treatment of many diseases, including retinal degenerative disease and inherited diseases, such as cystic fibrosis and haemophilia.
It was reported in November 2017 that the FDA is set to approve a gene therapy for inherited retinal diseases. Many experts believe that this could pave the way to treatment for even more diseases.
3. ASL patients will be able to communicate with their thoughts
Earlier this year, CNN reported on a new technology that could help decode the thoughts of those with functional brain activity in a completely paralysed body, brought on by a stroke, traumatic injury or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
The initial research was published in the journal PLOS Biology. While the research was only in the beginning stages at the time, it holds great promise for 2018.
4. An artificial pancreas for diabetics
Diabetes is caused by the insufficient production of insulin by the pancreas. It was reported in May 2017 that the first artificial pancreas systems were beginning to infiltrate the market to help diabetics regulate their insulin levels.
As of December 2017, these are still not widely distributed, but we can expect artificial pancreas systems to become more prominent in 2018 and further.
The Hybrid Close-Loop Insulin Delivery System in the first automated artificial pancreas system.
5. Reduction of LDL cholesterol
When powerful cholesterol drugs known as PCSK9 inhibitors were approved by the FDA in 2015, many experts hailed it as an enormous breakthrough. The study findings were reassuring, but more studies were needed to see whether this would pave the way for a medication with fewer side-effects than statins.
But new studies have reported good news – earlier in 2017, a 20% reduction in LDL was reported in a study group of 25 982 patients. We can expect this drug to be used more frequently in 2018.
6.Enhanced post-surgery recovery
We know the drill when it comes to surgeries – no eating and drinking beforehand, feeling a bit groggy afterwards and being prescribed pain medication to help with the recovery. But readmissions after surgery remain a problem, not to mention the opioid problem caused by painkiller prescriptions.
New research has been looking at the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocol that accounts for various methods to speed up recovery after surgery. This includes post-operative nutrition plans and alternative methods to pain medication to speed up the recovery process.
In 2018, more hospitals will be looking to use the ERAS protocol.
7. More targeted, precise breast cancer therapies
Breast cancer is a disease that will affect one in 26 South African women in their lifetime. We rely on treatments such as chemotherapy to fight the cancer cells, but these do not always have the success rate we hope for.
In 2018 we could expect to see more targeted treatments for breast cancer that is designed to target the specific characteristics of the cancer cells, such as the protein that allows the cells to grow in a malignant way, according to Breastcancer.org.
8. Improved treatments for sleep apnoea
Sleep apnoea is a potentially dangerous condition and treatment for moderate to severe sleep apnoea is often evasive and uncomfortable, involving the Continuous Positive Airway Pressure machine (CPAP). This machines blows air into your nose via a nose mask, keeping the airway open and unobstructed.
But a less invasive method was approved by the US FDA in October 2017. The Remede sleep system, an implanted device that treats central sleep apnoea by activating a nerve that sends signals to the diaphragm to stimulate breathing, has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration.
Following successful trial studies, this could be a treatment that we see more frequently in 2018.
9. Next-generation vaccines
Developing vaccines for emerging diseases are pricey and time-consuming. It is important to keep abreast of vaccine technology and develop new ways of vaccination manufacturing to keep epidemics under control.
Luckily, innovators will be upgrading the vaccination manufacturing process in 2018. This includes freeze-drying so that vaccinations can be transported to remote areas more effectively. Companies are also investigating faster ways to manufacture vaccinations to make them more readily available.
10. The first human head transplant
The jury is still out on this one, but deserves a mention. In 2017, Sergio Canavero, a neurosurgeon from Italy, was set to perform the first head transplant. Up to now, there has been no success in animal experiments.
This lengthy 36-hour long procedure will allow the head to be removed and be reattached to a new body, with all the nerve ends and blood vessels reattached and the spinal cord glued with a special bio-compatible glue.
Dr Canavero says that the required technology is available and he expects a 90% chance of success. Will we see this in 2018? Only time will tell.
Image credits: iStock | <urn:uuid:bff3cbac-6bba-485c-8a74-406b3d144be2> | CC-MAIN-2020-45 | https://www.health24.com/News/10-medical-advances-we-can-expect-in-2018-20171213 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-45/segments/1603107882581.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20201024110118-20201024140118-00630.warc.gz | en | 0.959199 | 1,166 | 3.09375 | 3 |
by Greg Gwin
"The story of Jonah and the whale? — that’s a hard one to ‘swallow’". So says the sceptic. And, as Bible believers, we have been forced to go on the defensive.
Some have laboured long and hard to prove that a whale really could swallow a man. You may have seen articles which cited historical accounts of men who have experienced similar things. One such report is found in the April 4, 1896, edition of Literary Digest. It tells of one, James Bartley, who was swallowed by a whale and lived for a day and a half before being rescued.
While accounts such as this may be interesting, they really are unnecessary. We don’t need them in order to believe what the Bible says about Jonah. What happened there was a miracle. The Scripture says that "the Lord had prepared a great fish to swallow Jonah" (Jonah 1:17).
Whether or not an ordinary whale could accomplish such a feat, and whether or not a man under normal circumstances could survive as Jonah did, does not matter. In this case, God was involved. And, if we believe in an all-powerful God, this should be no harder to accept than any other miracle taught in the Bible.
But, there’s yet another way to look at this subject. Jesus provides more evidence for the case. In Matthew 12:40, He said,
"As Jonah was three days and three nights in the whale’s belly, so shall the Son of man be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth."
Jesus staked His credibility to the accuracy of the story about Jonah.
That being so, then all the evidence concerning Jesus — His miracles, His resurrection, etc. — can also be used to support the account of Jonah and the whale. It really happened. Jesus said so, and that settles it! | <urn:uuid:bc0ffb13-f366-4d1a-ac8c-737b5db42aa6> | CC-MAIN-2018-17 | http://caperoadchurch.co.za/articles/daily-living/115-jesus-and-jonah | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-17/segments/1524125945637.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20180422174026-20180422194026-00002.warc.gz | en | 0.971095 | 396 | 2.78125 | 3 |
Mandevilla plants (Mandevills spp.) are tropical climbing vines with huge 4-inch-wide flowers available in bright colors. The woody twining stems stretch 10 to 20 feet long covered with 8-inch-long dark green, leathery leaves. This tender vine grows as an evergreen in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 9 through 11. In USDA zone 8, it commonly dies back to the ground and then grows again the next spring. Planting this vine along a fence, wall or trellis improves the look of any garden.
Remove the weeds and debris from an area located in the full sun with good-draining soil. Mandevilla plants tolerate afternoon shade but produce flowers best in sunny areas. Dig the soil up as deep as the root ball with a shovel, and break up any large dirt clumps. Mix in a 2- to 4-inch-layer of compost into the loosened soil, and rake the surface smooth.
Push a premade trellis into the soil behind where you intend to plant the mandevilla. Mandevilla vines need support from trellises, arbors, fences or mailboxes.
Dig a hole as deep as the root ball and twice as wide. Remove the vine from its container, and loosen the roots so they are not growing in a circle. Spread the roots out in the hole, and place the top of the root ball at ground level.
Fill the hole in with soil, and gently firm it around the root ball to hold the plant in place. Water the ground around the vine well to settle the soil. Do not over water the vines; let the soil dry out between watering sessions.
Things You Will Need
- Pinch the tips of new stem growth to promote bushiness.
- Medioimages/Photodisc/Valueline/Getty Images | <urn:uuid:ac21d161-cedf-4b0b-91f2-6078b93c767a> | CC-MAIN-2019-30 | https://homeguides.sfgate.com/plant-mandevilla-plants-39995.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-30/segments/1563195532251.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20190724082321-20190724104321-00093.warc.gz | en | 0.92313 | 385 | 2.625 | 3 |
English at elementary school is placed in “Muatan Lokal”. Nevertheless, it is important to introduce English starting from elementary school because it will help students in their next level. They will not face the most difficulty because at least they have introduced the basic element of English. So, in their higher level, next they will get the effective result in learning English.
The status of English in Indonesia is a foreign language not used as lingua franca. Based on the statement, it is difficult for students of elementary school to learn English. So, the teacher should treat teaching English at elementary school differently from teaching English at other levels. Because of some reasons (M.F. Sri Ekonomi, 2008):
- Psychology Development Theory of Piaget stated that the age of 6 – 1, children is still in operational concrete stage so they have not been able to thing something that is abstract or unreal.
- Second language acquisition theory stated that second language can be acquired in the environment that has rich of input and can be understand in a satisfying condition.
- Brain theory of Dr. Wilder Perfield stated that at the age of eight, nine and ten, children will be able to indicate an optimal work in learning language.
Based on the opinions, we can conclude that teaching vocabulary at elementary school is different with other levels. It is better if using good teaching technique at elementary school.
Technique of teaching English vocabulary
Teaching vocabulary is a process in which teacher gives some new words to the students and hoping that they can recognize, pronounce, practice and remember those new words may they haven’t heard those words before (Surachmat, 2008:21).
In teaching vocabulary, students not only should know the meaning of a word, but they should also be able to use it in context. According to Surachmat (2008:21) here are some techniques for teaching vocabulary:
1. Using realia
Realia means the use of real object that can be seen by the students. The teacher gives such a real thing either in the classroom or beyond the classroom. So, vocabulary can easily explain. This is effective and satisfactory technique, even though, it si limited to a certain single thing or word that can be taken into the classroom or confront the students to the things usually exist.
2. Showing picture
Picture is indispensable media for language teaching since they can be used in so many ways. They can be wall picture, blackboard drawing, charts, flashcards, table or statistic and etc.
Synonym is two or more words which have the same meaning but different in spelling and writing. Comparing synonyms help to the students see the relationship between words of similar meaning. Students can learn to distinguish of words by nothing words that belong to certain classes or groups, such as the word big similar with the word great and huge.
A studying antonyms can be part of a word analysis. Antonyms also studied as adjectives, early-late, smooth-rough, thin-fat.
Homonyms are words identical in pronunciation but different in meanings. Teachers can use written exercise to give the students an opportunity to discriminate between the spelling and meaning of homonyms.
6. Mime, action, gesture
The teacher can walk, cry or write for the words walk, cry, and write. While in exploring the words such as to up, from, etc, the teacher can use gestures.
When the teacher find difficulties in explaining words, for example the teacher want to teach the word ‘animal’, the teacher can enumerate a number of animal like lion, tiger, horse, cow, cat, etc.
8. Explanation or definition
The teachers give explanation or definition of the word given. For example, the word “pencil”, the teacher explains it is used to write something on the paper.
The teacher sometime has to translate it into students’ mother tongue.
10. Games and play-acting
Game provides an excellent opportunity for he use of grammar, structures, and vocabulary. At the beginning learning levels, we may ask students to take prearranged objects out of the box and practice such expressions as what’s in the box. Play acting can also be very effective. Students acting out roles may speak in the present tense, as I’m John and I’m working in an office (A toy, papers, and other office product will be helful).
Derivation involves all kinds of English word changes, such as verb, noun, adverb, adjective, etc. the changes are in parts of speech or in inflation. (word by prefix and suffix).
It means an act of showing something as an explaining the meaning of the words.
Song can also be a technique to get the meaning of words, in this case the young learners usually like singing very much. | <urn:uuid:cceb5636-a8f3-490d-9f12-43651a23e807> | CC-MAIN-2021-43 | https://www.trigonalmedia.com/2015/11/teaching-english-vocabulary-at.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323585203.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20211018124412-20211018154412-00549.warc.gz | en | 0.946247 | 1,001 | 3.640625 | 4 |
9:30am - 12:30pm
The Newberry Library
Recent events have given us new occasions to look back on the history of our “schooled” society. The unprecedented pandemic interruptions of 2020-21 were a reminder of schooling’s centrality to the social order. Meanwhile, renewed debates over the role of slavery and empire in American public commemoration underscore how the naming and ornamentation of schoolhouses preserve cultural patrimony. This seminar explores major historiographical issues in the study of American schooling, with Chicagoland as a case study. We’ll examine the rise of compulsory mass schooling, the movement for teacher unionism, the struggles for educational desegregation, and the emergence of choice-and-accountability reform. As a working group, we’ll also explore how K-12 teachers can use their own schoolhouses and communities as tools in the project-based teaching of American history. Together, we’ll learn methods of caring for this heritage, of mobilizing it as a source base for historical inquiry, and of using these projects to hook students onto the work of “doing history.”
Registration for all NTC seminars opens Friday, September 10, 2021 at 8 a.m. (Central Time). Registration instructions and pricing information can be found here. Once open, registration for this seminar will be available through this link. For more information about NTC purchases, please contact Cate Harriman, Teacher & Student Programs Coordinator, at [email protected].
A link to the assigned pre-readings for the seminars, as well as instructions for accessing virtual seminars, will be distributed to participants via email.
If you believe you are registered for this seminar but have not received an email confirmation or reminder, please contact Teacher Programs staff at [email protected]. | <urn:uuid:6f39b789-c562-4dd0-9bfb-e9ba4a2bbeb1> | CC-MAIN-2021-43 | http://newberry.org/01242022-schooling-and-heritage-chicagoland | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323585305.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20211020090145-20211020120145-00214.warc.gz | en | 0.918608 | 385 | 2.765625 | 3 |
Along with math, reading, science, and many other subjects, it is the teacher’s responsibility to instill ethics in their students, starting at a young age. This includes teaching them about plagiarism in all of its forms and how it can affect not only their grade, but also how they take in information. While every teacher approaches the topic differently (school procedures vary), here a few ideas to cover when sharing with your students.
What are the different forms of plagiarism?
The first step to helping students understand what is plagiarism, is to familiarize yourself with the various forms. Every teacher and school has their own way of deciding if a certain form deserves more penalty over the others, but educating each student is the best way for them to learn right from wrong.
How to Create References and Citations
There are all kinds of citations and your preferred form may be different from the science teacher down the hall, and is most likely extremely different from the professor your student will have a class with in five years. Helping them understand why they need citations (give the original author credit) and how to create a citation is one of the most important lessons they will use later in life.
Check themselves before they wreck themselves
Showing students cases of plagiarism (accidental and purposeful) will help them know what to look out for when they are writing assignments for class. It’s also a good idea to get them in the habit of scanning their work and checking that they didn’t forget citations or committed accidental plagiarism.
Students will be two steps ahead when you teach them about how to avoid plagiarism, in your classroom and after. | <urn:uuid:be3f444a-4d52-456a-a291-0dfdbfb63eec> | CC-MAIN-2021-17 | https://copyleaks.com/blog/teach-students-plagiarism/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618039508673.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20210421035139-20210421065139-00131.warc.gz | en | 0.967165 | 341 | 4.46875 | 4 |
Are we to assume that for at least 5,000 years, music was all improvised? Would that make jazz the oldest musical form?
In the YouTube comments, there is what may be oldest known copyright dispute, too.
Michael Levy performs on the lyre in the video, and he’s the authority on ancient music who put the thing together. His explanation and website offer a lot more that teachers of world history might use to bring these ancient arts to life. He explained at YouTube:
This unique video, features my arrangement of the 3400 year old “Hurrian Hymn no.6″, which was discovered in Ugarit ,ancient northern Canaan (now modern Syria) in the early 1950s, and was preserved for 3400 years on a clay tablet, written in the Cuneiform text of the ancient Hurrian language – it is THE oldest written song yet known! Respect, to the amazing ancient culture of Syria…السلام عليكم
Although about 29 musical texts were discovered at Ugarit, only this text, (text H6), was in a sufficient state of preservation to allow for modern academic musical reconstruction.
In short, the Cuneiform text clearly indicated specific names for lyre strings, and their respective musical intervals — a sort of “Guitar tablature”, for lyre!
Although discovered in modern day Syria, the Hurrians were not Syrian — they came from modern day Anatolia. The Hurrian Hymn actually dates to the very end of the Hurrian civilisation (c.1400BCE) . The Hurrian civilization dates back to at least 3000 BCE. It is an incredible thought, that just maybe, the musical texts found at Ugarit, preserved precious sacred Hurrian music which may have already been thousands of years old, prior to their inscription for posterity, on the clay tablets found at Ugarit!
My arrangement here, is based on the original transcription of the melody, as interpreted by Prof. Richard Dumbrill. Here is a link to his book, “The Archeomusicology of the Ancient Near East”:
A photograph of the actual clay tablet on which the Hurrian Hymn was inscribed, can be seen here:
The melody is one of several academic interpretations, from the ambiguous Cuneiform text of the Hurrian language in which it was written. Although many of the meanings of the Hurrian language are now lost in the mists of time, it can be established that the fragmentary Hurrian Hymn which has been found on these precious clay tablets are dedicated to Nikkal; the wife of the moon god.
There are several such interpretations of this melody, but to me, the fabulous interpretation just somehow sounds the most “authentic”. Below is a link to the sheet music, as interpreted by Clint Goss:
In my arrangement of the Hurrian Hymn, I have attempted to illustrate an interesting diversity of ancient lyre playing techniques, ranging from the use of “block and strum” improvisation at the end, glissando’s, trills & tremolos, and alternating between harp-like tones in the left hand produced by finger-plucked strings, and guitar-like tones in the right hand, produced by use of the plectrum.
I have arranged the melody in the style of a “Theme and Variations” – I first quote the unadorned melody in the first section, followed by the different lyre techniques described above in the repeat, & also featuring improvisatory passages at the end of the performance.
I am also playing the lyre horizontally – a much more authentic playing position, as depicted in ancient illustrations of Middle Eastern Lyre players:
This also seems a much more stable playing position to me, and I find it much easier to improvise with string-blocking etc when the lyre is held in this manner.
My arrangement of the melody is much slower than the actual academic interpretation – I wanted the improvisations in the variations on the theme to stand out, and to better illustrate the use of lyre techniques by a more rubato approach to the melody.
All of my 9 albums of mystical, ancient lyre music are now available from iTunes . . .
1)”An Ancient Lyre”: http://bit.ly/dhCozi
2)”King David’s Lyre; Echoes of Ancient Israel”: http://bit.ly/9PCIua
3)”The Ancient Biblical Lyre”: http://bit.ly/9hTDje
4)”Lyre of the Levites”: http://bit.ly/9baWuM
5)”Apollo’s Lyre”: http://bit.ly/dhCozi
6)”Ancient Times — Music of The Ancient World”: http://bit.ly/aRF5PD
7)”The Ancient Greek Modes”: http://bit.ly/cZks0o
8)”The Ancient Greek Lyre”: http://bit.ly/bxO7Ra
9)”Ancient Visions — New Compositions for an Ancient Lyre”: http://bit.ly/dCPmRN
Physical CDs are also available anywhere in the world from CD Baby, for 3 of my best selling albums:
“An Ancient Lyre”: http://www.cdbaby.com/cd/mlevy4
“King David’s Lyre; Echoes of Ancient Israel”: http://www.cdbaby.com/cd/mlevy
“Lyre of the Levites”: http://www.cdbaby.com/cd/mlevy2
For full details about my albums of lyre music, and the fascinating ancient historical background, please visit my official website: | <urn:uuid:46f70cba-3b2d-4da7-931c-6926b34c158a> | CC-MAIN-2015-22 | https://timpanogos.wordpress.com/category/archaeology/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-22/segments/1432207930256.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20150521113210-00296-ip-10-180-206-219.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.917167 | 1,256 | 3.328125 | 3 |
Dec. 4, 2019: An atmospheric wave nearly half as wide as Earth itself is supercharging noctilucent clouds (NLCs) in the southern hemisphere. NASA’s AIM spacecraft detected the phenomenon in this series of south polar images spanning Nov. 27th through Dec. 2nd:
“This is a clear sign of planetary wave activity,” says AIM principal investigator James Russell of Hampton University, which manages the Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere mission for NASA.
Planetary waves are enormous ripples of temperature and pressure that form in Earth’s atmosphere in response to Coriolis forces. In this case, a 5-day planetary wave is boosting noctilucent clouds over Antarctica and causing them to spin outward to latitudes where NLCs are rarely seen.
On Dec. 1st, Mirko Harnisch saw the clouds from Dunedin, New Zealand. “I was enjoying the late-evening sky over the Southern Ocean just after 11 pm local time when these wispy blue-ish clouds appeared,” says Harnisch. “They looked like noctilucent clouds, which would make this a rare sighting for my latitude of 45S.”
Indeed, very rare. Spaceweather.com has been receiving images of NLCs for more than 20 years. This is the first-ever submission from New Zealand.
Noctilucent clouds over Antarctica itself are nothing unusual. They form every year around this time when the first wisps of summertime water vapor rise to the top of Earth’s atmosphere. Molecules of H2O adhere to specks of meteor smoke, forming ice crystals 83 km above Earth’s surface.
But these NLCs are different. They’re unusually strong and congregated in a coherent spinning mass.
“The planetary wave is responsible,” says AIM science team member Lynn Harvey of the University of Colorado’s Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics (LASP). “It is concentrating a mass of cold water vapor in the mesosphere and causing it to pinwheel counterclockwise around the South Pole.”
Harvey has been tracking the moisture in data from NASA’s Microwave Limb Sounder instruments, shown above. It matches almost perfectly the location of the NLCs.
Because the noctilucent clouds are spinning around with a 5 day period, they could return to New Zealand 5 days after Harnisch saw them–that is, on Dec. 6th. Such a forecast is very uncertain. Nevertheless, sky watchers who wish to try should look west 30 to 60 minutes after sunset. If you see luminous blue-white tendrils hugging the horizon, you may have spotted a noctilucent cloud. | <urn:uuid:ede0ed62-a3ac-4dbd-a42c-8b4fdd629228> | CC-MAIN-2020-34 | https://spaceweatherarchive.com/2019/12/04/a-planetary-wave-is-supercharging-noctilucent-clouds/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-34/segments/1596439737319.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20200808080642-20200808110642-00485.warc.gz | en | 0.905312 | 590 | 3.34375 | 3 |
Solidarnosc began in Poland as a political movement of the People against oppressive and dominating markets. Their solidarity brought them together as the Independent and Self-Governing Trade Union Solidarnosc.
This was founded as a result of worker protests and established on the basis of the Gdansk Accords signed on 31st August 1980 by the Inter-enterprise Strike Committee and the Government Commission.
Led by an electrician called Lech Walesa, they began by fighting for the right to establish free trade unions, freedom of speech and the right to strike. The communist regime at the time did not allow these rights to pass.
After many strikes, the imprisonment of Lech Walensa, many deaths, arrests and huge political debate, the Communist Government failed and Solidarnosc came to power in Poland. | <urn:uuid:2c818958-446a-459e-a6b6-7933752aaec5> | CC-MAIN-2017-34 | https://www.thedrinkshop.com/producer/550/solidarnosc | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-34/segments/1502886109682.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20170821232346-20170822012346-00281.warc.gz | en | 0.973573 | 165 | 2.90625 | 3 |
Rabies has received more attention recently due to unusual cases of American deaths as a result of infection. This year, an organ donor recipient died of rabies, an exceptionally rare example of human-to-human transmission. In 2011, a U.S. military soldier died after being bitten by a dog while serving in Afghanistan. These tragic cases demonstrate the dangerous, potentially fatal nature of rabies and the importance of prevention and diligence following possible exposure.
Rabies is a virus that affects the neurologic system of mammals, including humans. It is typically spread by the saliva of infected animals through bite wounds or contact between infected tissue and open wounds and the oral cavity. Symptoms of rabies can include abnormal behavior (aggression or depression), excessive salivation, light sensitivity, progressive paralysis, and, in humans, fear of water. Worldwide, rabies kills more than 55,000 people annually, and the majority of these cases are due to contact with a rabid companion animal. In the U.S., the number of human deaths is much lower, only two or three per year, although 20,000-30,000 Americans receive post-exposure rabies vaccination annually.
In Colorado, bats have long been reservoir of rabies. However, in 2007, the skunk variant of rabies appeared and has been rapidly spreading across our state. Terrestrial wildlife (skunks, raccoons, and fox) travel farther distances and thus greatly increase the risk and exposure of this deadly disease to our companion animals, our livestock, and ultimately to us as a community.
Data from the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment relating to animals in Larimer and Weld counties shows the dramatic increase of terrestrial rabies. Larimer County went from zero cases in 2009 to 35 in 2012, while Weld went from zero in 2009 to 21 in 2012. Larimer County has already confirmed nine rabid skunks in 2013.
Boulder County has averaged 18 positive bats annually for the past three years, but no skunk positives. However, health officials anticipate the skunk variant will soon expand from our neighboring counties into the Boulder area.
With the increasing rabies reservoir in wildlife, it is crucial for the community to be aware of the importance of prevention against rabies and what to do if a potential exposure occurs. In addition to not handling wildlife, the key to prevention is domestic animal vaccination, a simple and effective way to minimize risk of the disease.
Dogs and cats should receive their first rabies vaccination at 3 to 4 months of age, repeat the vaccination one year later, and continue with re-vaccination every one to three years for life. Horses and livestock can also be vaccinated. Please discuss the status of your animal's rabies vaccination with your veterinarian.
When there is direct contact between a domestic animal and wildlife (bite wound, mouthing of animal), the CDPHE has protocols depending on the vaccination status of the domestic animal. The CDPHE only recognizes rabies vaccinations when given by a licensed veterinarian. Consider the following scenario:
An indoor-only cat is found playing with a bat that entered the home through a chimney or doorway. The cat has never received a rabies vaccination. The bat is safely collected by animal control, euthanized, submitted to a lab and tests positive for rabies. Unfortunately, the unvaccinated cat will either be euthanized or need a 180-day quarantine with 90 of these days at a secured facility at the owner's expense. However, if the cat's rabies vaccination is current at the time of exposure, the protocol would be an immediate (booster) vaccination and a 45-day home quarantine. If your pet is not vaccinated and is exposed to a rabid animal, your pet's life is at stake.
The CDPHE requires a mandatory 10-day observation period when a domestic dog, cat or ferret bites a person. This time frame is based on how rabies spreads through the system. This observation period occurs regardless of the vaccination status of the animal. However, if there are symptoms of rabies at the time of the bite, the animal may need to be euthanized for testing because there is no accepted live-animal test for rabies.
After a bite injury and inoculation with rabies, the incubation time (time before symptoms are seen) is highly variable from weeks to months. But once symptoms develop, death typically occurs within days. The good news for people who are exposed to this disease is that with prompt treatment, including a series of rabies vaccinations and an immune globulin injection, people can be saved from this deadly disease. Post exposure vaccination is expensive, costing many thousands of dollars. Delaying or ignoring treatment following a bite wound or handling a possible rabid animal will often result in death.
If you, your pet, or livestock animal have direct contact with a bat, skunk, raccoon, or fox, follow these steps:
Do not touch the wild animal. Keep people, children and pets away from the wild animal. If safe to do so, contain the animal (place a box or net over the animal, confine it to a room, etc.).
Do NOT release the wild animal if at all possible.
Call your local animal control agency and local health department. They will likely want to collect the wild animal to test it for rabies. If you were exposed, call your physician to determine what treatment you may need.
Call your veterinarian to verify your pet's rabies vaccination status. A booster rabies vaccination will likely be recommended. The number of vaccines and status of the most recent inoculation will determine the quarantine protocol ordered by the health department.
Jennifer Bolser is chief clinic veterinarian for the Humane Society of Boulder Valley's full-service public veterinary clinic. The clinic is located at 2323 55th St. in Boulder and is open six days a week. For more information visit boulderhumane.org. | <urn:uuid:a99eb9f1-464f-4076-9c00-5171cd36caf9> | CC-MAIN-2014-23 | http://www.dailycamera.com/lifestyles/ci_23182867/entertainment/classicalmusic | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-23/segments/1406510267075.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20140728011747-00133-ip-10-146-231-18.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.941592 | 1,209 | 3.328125 | 3 |
Until recently, if you were one of the millions of people with a refractive error, eyeglasses and contact lenses were the only options for correcting vision. But with the development of refractive surgery, some people with myopia (nearsightedness), hyperopia (farsightedness), or astigmatism (a cornea with unequal curves), can have their vision improved surgically.
Laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) is a refractive procedure that uses a laser to permanently reshape the cornea. The reshaped cornea helps focus light directly onto the retina to produce clearer vision.
LASIK is usually performed as an outpatient procedure using topical anesthesia with eyedrops. The procedure itself generally takes about 15 minutes. The surgeon creates a flap in the cornea with a special laser called a femtosecond laser. Tiny, quick pulses of laser light are applied to your cornea, creating microscopic bubbles at a specific depth and position within your cornea. Your ophthalmologist creates a flap in the cornea by gently separating the tissue where the bubbles have formed, and the flap is then folded back. The cool beam of a second laser, called an excimer laser, is used to remove a thin layer of corneal tissue. The flap is folded back to its normal position and sealed without sutures. The removal of corneal tissue permanently reshapes the cornea.
A clear shield protects the flap for the first day and night. Vision is usually slightly cloudy immediately after the procedure, but it clears rapidly, often within just a few hours. Your vision should be clear by the next day. Healing after surgery is often less painful than with other methods of refractive surgery, because the laser removes tissue from the inside of the cornea and not the surface. You will need to use antibiotic and steroid eyedrops several times a day for the first week, along with rewetting drops. After the first week, you will need to use only the rewetting eyedrops.
Some people experience poor night vision after LASIK. The surgery also may result in undercorrection or overcorrection, which can often be improved with a second surgery. More rare and serious complications include a dislocated flap, epithelial ingrowth, and inflammation or infection underneath the flap. Most complications can be managed without any loss of vision. Permanent vision loss is very rare.
The ideal candidate for LASIK has a stable refractive error, adequate corneal thickness and normal corneal shape, is free of eye disease, is at least 18 years old, and is willing to accept the potential risks, complications, and side effects of LASIK. | <urn:uuid:2cb967e6-e9f4-4660-8bda-c65ad3a08952> | CC-MAIN-2019-13 | http://dehaveneye.com/procedures-treatments/lasik-femtosecond/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-13/segments/1552912203378.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20190324063449-20190324085449-00469.warc.gz | en | 0.944157 | 560 | 2.8125 | 3 |
Germany’s promotion of renewable energies is commonly portrayed as setting a standard for the rest of the world. It is instead a cautionary tale.
I recently studied the question of whether the whole “green energy leads to green jobs” paradigm has any merit, by studying how things have worked out in Europe, where it has been tested extensively. In this article, we focus on Germany (I’ve previously covered the Netherlands and the United Kingdom).
Germany’s foray into renewable energy started in earnest in 1997, when the European Union adopted a goal of generating 12 percent of its electricity from renewable sources. Germany’s method for achieving such targets was instituting a “feed-in law,” which required utilities to purchase different kinds of renewable energy at different rates. In a study of the impacts of Germany’s aggressive promotion of wind and solar power, Manuel Frondel et al. noted that the German feed-in law required utilities buy solar power at 62 cents per kilowatt-hour, far above the normal cost of conventional electricity, which was between 3 and 10 cents. Feed-in subsidies for wind power, they observed, were 300 percent higher than conventional electricity costs.
Needless to say, this massive subsidization of wind and solar power attracted a lot of investors: after all, if the government is going to guarantee a market for several decades, and set a price high enough for renewable producers to make a profit, capital will flow into the market. Germany became the second-largest producer of wind energy after the United States, and its investment in solar power was aggressive as well.
But, according to Frondel, things haven’t worked out as Germany’s politicians and environmentalists said they would. Rather than bringing economic benefits in terms of lower cost energy and a proliferation of green energy jobs, Frondel found that implementing wind and solar power raised household energy rates by 7.5 percent. Further, while greenhouse gas emissions were abated, the cost was astonishingly high: more than $1,000 per ton for solar power, and more than $80 per ton for wind power. Given that the carbon price in the European Trading system was about $19 per ton at the time, greenhouse gas emissions from wind and solar were not great investments.
Frondel concludes that:
German renewable energy policy, and in particular the adopted feed-in tariff scheme, has failed to harness the market incentives needed to ensure a viable and cost-effective introduction of renewable energies into the country’s energy portfolio. To the contrary, the government’s support mechanisms have in many respects subverted these incentives, resulting in massive expenditures that show little long-term promise for stimulating the economy, protecting the environment, or increasing energy security.
In the case of photovoltaics, Germany’s subsidization regime has reached a level that by far exceeds average wages, with per-worker subsidies as high as €175,000 ($254,000). As Frondel and his team write in their report:
In conclusion, government policy has failed to harness the market incentives needed to ensure a viable and cost-effective introduction of renewable energies into Germany’s energy portfolio. To the contrary, Germany’s principal mechanism of supporting renewable technologies through feed-in tariffs imposes high costs without any of the alleged positive impacts on emissions reductions, employment, energy security, or technological innovation.
Policy makers should thus scrutinize Germany’s experience, including in the United States, where there are currently nearly 400 federal and state programs in place that provide financial incentives for renewable energy.
Although Germany’s promotion of renewable energies is commonly portrayed in the media as setting a “shining example in providing a harvest for the world” (The Guardian 2007), we should instead regard the country’s experience as a cautionary tale of massively expensive environmental and energy policy that is devoid of economic and environmental benefits.
Germany is finding it hard to continue subsidizing wind and solar power at existing levels. In May, the German parliament cut back the subsidy for domestic rooftop solar photovoltaic systems by 16 percent, with free-standing systems cut by 15 percent.
Kenneth P. Green is a resident scholar at the American Enterprise Institute.
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on User Funding | <urn:uuid:807b68ad-e0c4-4442-95ab-a276566ffde2> | CC-MAIN-2017-51 | https://www.wind-watch.org/news/2011/04/26/green-energy-dont-envy-germany/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-51/segments/1512948522205.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20171213065419-20171213085419-00191.warc.gz | en | 0.956863 | 889 | 3.046875 | 3 |
Psychology is the study of human behaviour and mind. As such, it is a subject that goes far beyond the curriculum. It enables us to understand current affairs, social dynamics and our own individual experiences. At A Level, Psychology develops critical analytical skills, problem solving and research skills, where a strong scientific evidence base lies at the heart. These skills are transferable to a wide range of university courses and careers.
We teach Psychology as part of our post-16 study programme, preparing students at A Level and for the International Baccalaureate. Our sessions are tailored to each student – from those who require additional support to achieve their predicted grades, to high ability students who are looking for an academic challenge to stretch them beyond the A Level curriculum.
We conduct an initial baseline assessment to evaluate which topics are a priority for the student. This informs how we plan a scheme of work for tutorials, which focus on developing both subject knowledge and exam skills. We track progress and adapt the tutorial schedule as our students approach public exams.
In addition to A Level tutoring, we offer university guidance and personal statement support. This has proven most helpful for students wishing to study the subject at university but have not studied Psychology at A Level. For Oxbridge applicants, we have dedicated subject specialists on hand to support with interview preparation.
We have experienced teachers with knowledge of the following A Level exam boards:
Many of our Psychology tutors are examiners for the main exam boards which ensures they are up to date with any curriculum changes and the nuances in critical exam technique.
We encourage our students to engage with wider reading in Psychology. Our tutors have recommended the following resources for A Level students to explore: | <urn:uuid:258940b7-517d-4739-b37b-aa7181e102e5> | CC-MAIN-2021-21 | https://goldencircletutors.co.uk/our-subjects/psychology/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-21/segments/1620243989820.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20210518033148-20210518063148-00574.warc.gz | en | 0.933716 | 344 | 2.984375 | 3 |
This conference was held in Rome from December 5-9. The conclusions outlined below were reached thanks to contributions from ICCROM, UNESCO-WHC, UN-WTO, HERITY INTERNATIONAL
From the point of view of culture, no poor Countries exist around the World: every territory has a significant and priceless Heritage Wealth. This Heritage constitutes the collective memory of Humanity. As a non renewable resource, Cultural Heritage should be managed according to Quality principles, ensuring its preservation in the context of sustainable development.
- 1) It is essential today to have a clear classification of monuments, sites and museums to provide orientations to tourism managers and the general public, letting visitors have a better understanding of the places they visit; they will then be motivated to support conservation and management of cultural heritage and the work of specialists.
- 2) While proposing classification of monuments, sites, museums, libraries and archives they should not be listed just as "first class" or "second class" assets, but recognized according to the significance they have for a group of people as well as for the capability to transmit the message they embody, including as well their related characteristics, conservation features, communication aspects and services offered. As a consequence, existing classifications systems should be updated and, possibly, unified.
- 3) In this process tourism can be a key contributor to heritage sites, in terms of generating further awareness on their value as well as financial resources for improving conservation efforts. Therefore, tourism at heritage sites should be managed with quality and sustainability principles in mind.
- 4) To match this goal quality management of cultural heritage should be a priority in the near future; in addition safeguarding and valorizing of cultural heritage should be considered a collective responsibility all over the World. | <urn:uuid:002d5e31-ee6c-465a-b088-740775767a0e> | CC-MAIN-2014-35 | http://whc.unesco.org/en/news/422/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-35/segments/1408500824209.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20140820021344-00038-ip-10-180-136-8.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.941693 | 355 | 2.765625 | 3 |
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