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Where did Kamlaksha Rama Naik receive his Business Management degree?	Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Where did Kamlaksha Rama Naik receive his Business Management degree? ### Input: Kamlaksha Rama Naik, better known as K R Naik (Hindi: क़ रा नायक़) is an Indian industrial engineer. He founded D-Link Ltd. (India) in 1993. He has been in the IT Industry for 50 years and has played a key role in creating the IT networking market and the surrounding channel ecosystem in India. He pioneered several new businesses and distribution models as early as 1990, when IT was a nascent industry and the concept of an IT distribution channel was just conceived. Naik was born in Karwar, Karnataka on 19 November 1947. He completed his schooling in Karwar and later shifted to Mumbai. Naik is a mechanical engineer with a P.G. Diploma in Industrial Engineering and Licenciate in Plastic Engineering. He earned a Business Management degree from the Jamnalal Bajaj Institute in Mumbai ### Response:	Kamlaksha Rama Naik, better known as K R Naik (Hindi: क़ रा नायक़) is an Indian industrial engineer. He founded D-Link Ltd. (India) in 1993. He has been in the IT Industry for 50 years and has played a key role in creating the IT networking market and the surrounding channel ecosystem in India. He pioneered several new businesses and distribution models as early as 1990, when IT was a nascent industry and the concept of an IT distribution channel was just conceived. Naik was born in Karwar, Karnataka on 19 November 1947. He completed his schooling in Karwar and later shifted to Mumbai. Naik is a mechanical engineer with a P.G. Diploma in Industrial Engineering and Licenciate in Plastic Engineering. He earned a Business Management degree from the Jamnalal Bajaj Institute in Mumbai	The Jamnalal Bajaj Institute in Mumbai
Classify each as either an amphibian, bird, or fish: salmon, trout, salamander, cardinal, owl, falcon, frog	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Classify each as either an amphibian, bird, or fish: salmon, trout, salamander, cardinal, owl, falcon, frog ### Response:		Salmon: Fish Trout: Fish Salamander: Amphibian Cardinal: Bird Owl: Bird Falcon: Bird Frog: Amphibian
What is physical security?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is physical security? ### Response:		Physical security describes security measures that are designed to deny unauthorized access to facilities, equipment, and resources and to protect personnel and property from damage or harm (such as espionage, theft, or terrorist attacks). Physical security involves the use of multiple layers of interdependent systems that can include CCTV surveillance, security guards, protective barriers, locks, access control, perimeter intrusion detection, deterrent systems, fire protection, and other systems designed to protect persons and property.
Why does Facebook change its name to Meta?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Why does Facebook change its name to Meta? ### Response:		The founder of Facebook, Mark Zuckerberg, wants to show the company’s ambition in the metaverse business.
When completing a full distance triathlon for a personal best time, categorize the following as either ‘useful’, ‘not useful’, ‘dangerous’, or ‘neither’. A knife, pretzels, a bike helmet, a French horn, cowboy boots	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: When completing a full distance triathlon for a personal best time, categorize the following as either ‘useful’, ‘not useful’, ‘dangerous’, or ‘neither’. A knife, pretzels, a bike helmet, a French horn, cowboy boots ### Response:		A knife is sharp and is dangerous to run, bike, and swim with, therefore a knife is considered dangerous. Pretzels are a great example of quick digesting carbohydrates and salt (to avoid cramping) so pretzels are considered useful. A bike helmet is useful to ensure that the bike portion is completed safely. There is no use for a French horn in a triathlon, especially when you’re attempting to complete it in a personal best time, therefore it’s not useful. Lastly, cowboy boots have spurs on the back which could hurt during the bike, run, and swim therefore they’re considered dangerous.
As a child, what singer held the longest note ever on Star Search?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: As a child, what singer held the longest note ever on Star Search? ### Response:		Usher
Why does my dog dig in the furniture?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Why does my dog dig in the furniture? ### Response:		Most dogs were originally bred to service a function. Some dogs were bred to chase small animals, for hunting rabbits or fox. Many of these breeds were also intended to dig for their kills, so your dog may burrow because it's born to do that. Said differently, some terrier breeds were meant to hunt rats, i.e. the rat terrier. These dogs will dig even if there is nothing to dig for simply because it's what they were bred to do. Other dogs dig to create nesting areas, to warm up their area before they lay down, or to check for bugs.
What is Humanism?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is Humanism? ### Response:		Humanism is a belief system that emphasizes the power of the human individual rather than any god or other divinity. Humanists believe in the innate goodness of human beings, the inherent capacity of humans to care about each other, and it stresses the rational in explaining the world around us. It is a belief system for those who cannot embrace the supernatural and prefer instead to reside in the actual world and try to understand it with scientific explanations. Humanists use facts, reasoning, and empathy to make decisions. Some others call Humanism 'Good without god'. Humanists aren't openly hostile or antagonistic towards organized religions, but instead they respect that everyone has the right to their own beliefs.
Give me a list of fun activities to do in the summer	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Give me a list of fun activities to do in the summer ### Response:		In the summer you could do a a variety of activities. Depending on everybody's preference, you can enjoy a sunny day at the beach, hiking in the mountains, ride the bicycle, attend a live concert or simply enjoy a picnic. If you are more of an active person, you can try activities like parasailing, ride a hot air balloon, waterskiing or canyoning.
Help plan a first date in San Francisco	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Help plan a first date in San Francisco ### Response:		You could start a first date by heading to a local bar - depending on where you live in the city of San Francisco, you might choose a different bar. For example, if you live in the Russian Hill area, you could go to a bar called Bar Iris. Subsequently, you could choose to go to other nearby restaurants or bars as well.
Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Rakatak, K'ni	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Rakatak, K'ni ### Response:		K'ni is string, Rakatak is percussion.
What is a herbivore?	Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a herbivore? ### Input: A herbivore is an animal anatomically and physiologically adapted to eating plant material, for example foliage or marine algae, for the main component of its diet. As a result of their plant diet, herbivorous animals typically have mouthparts adapted to rasping or grinding. Horses and other herbivores have wide flat teeth that are adapted to grinding grass, tree bark, and other tough plant material. ### Response:	A herbivore is an animal anatomically and physiologically adapted to eating plant material, for example foliage or marine algae, for the main component of its diet. As a result of their plant diet, herbivorous animals typically have mouthparts adapted to rasping or grinding. Horses and other herbivores have wide flat teeth that are adapted to grinding grass, tree bark, and other tough plant material.	A herbivore is an animal anatomically and physiologically adapted to eating plant material, for example foliage or marine algae, for the main component of its diet.
What is a house?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a house? ### Response:		A house is typically a physical structure for residential living. It has doors to enter and usually different designated for different purpose. It can also have a garage and multiple floors.
Which record label created Vinyl	Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Which record label created Vinyl ### Input: The LP (from "long playing"[1] or "long play") is an analog sound storage medium, a phonograph record format characterized by: a speed of 33+1⁄3 rpm; a 12- or 10-inch (30- or 25-cm) diameter; use of the "microgroove" groove specification; and a vinyl (a copolymer of vinyl chloride acetate) composition disk. Introduced by Columbia in 1948, it was soon adopted as a new standard by the entire record industry. Apart from a few relatively minor refinements and the important later addition of stereophonic sound, it remained the standard format for record albums (during a period in popular music known as the album era)[2] until its gradual replacement from the 1980s to the early 2000s, first by cassettes, then by compact discs, and finally by digital music distribution. ### Response:	The LP (from "long playing"[1] or "long play") is an analog sound storage medium, a phonograph record format characterized by: a speed of 33+1⁄3 rpm; a 12- or 10-inch (30- or 25-cm) diameter; use of the "microgroove" groove specification; and a vinyl (a copolymer of vinyl chloride acetate) composition disk. Introduced by Columbia in 1948, it was soon adopted as a new standard by the entire record industry. Apart from a few relatively minor refinements and the important later addition of stereophonic sound, it remained the standard format for record albums (during a period in popular music known as the album era)[2] until its gradual replacement from the 1980s to the early 2000s, first by cassettes, then by compact discs, and finally by digital music distribution.	Vinyl was introduced by Columbia in 1948
Extract what happened to Athens in the Peloponnesian War	Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Extract what happened to Athens in the Peloponnesian War ### Input: Lack of political unity within Greece resulted in frequent conflict between Greek states. The most devastating intra-Greek war was the Peloponnesian War (431–404 BC), won by Sparta and marking the demise of the Athenian Empire as the leading power in ancient Greece. Both Athens and Sparta were later overshadowed by Thebes and eventually Macedon, with the latter uniting most of the city-states of the Greek hinterland in the League of Corinth (also known as the Hellenic League or Greek League) under the control of Philip II.[35] Despite this development, the Greek world remained largely fragmented and would not be united under a single power until the Roman years.[36] ### Response:	Lack of political unity within Greece resulted in frequent conflict between Greek states. The most devastating intra-Greek war was the Peloponnesian War (431–404 BC), won by Sparta and marking the demise of the Athenian Empire as the leading power in ancient Greece. Both Athens and Sparta were later overshadowed by Thebes and eventually Macedon, with the latter uniting most of the city-states of the Greek hinterland in the League of Corinth (also known as the Hellenic League or Greek League) under the control of Philip II.[35] Despite this development, the Greek world remained largely fragmented and would not be united under a single power until the Roman years.[36]	Athens lost the Peloponnesian war leading to the demise of the Athenian Empire
Which is stronger - a lion or a tiger?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Which is stronger - a lion or a tiger? ### Response:		It really depends on what attributes are being judged. If we look at one of the most telling traits between the two - the family - the lion would be the clear winner. They live in prides and hunt as a family unit. They also rely on the pride to protect their young and their territory from invaders. A tiger is a solitary animal, so it is independent and does not have the social constructs as that of a lion.
Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Xylophone, Ramkie	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Xylophone, Ramkie ### Response:		Ramkie is string, Xylophone is percussion.
Who founded Ford	Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Who founded Ford ### Input: Ford Motor Company (commonly known as Ford) is an American multinational automobile manufacturer headquartered in Dearborn, Michigan, United States. It was founded by Henry Ford and incorporated on June 16, 1903. The company sells automobiles and commercial vehicles under the Ford brand, and luxury cars under its Lincoln luxury brand. Ford also owns Brazilian SUV manufacturer Troller, an 8% stake in Aston Martin of the United Kingdom and a 32% stake in China's Jiangling Motors. It also has joint ventures in China (Changan Ford), Taiwan (Ford Lio Ho), Thailand (AutoAlliance Thailand), and Turkey (Ford Otosan). The company is listed on the New York Stock Exchange and is controlled by the Ford family; they have minority ownership but the majority of the voting power. ### Response:	Ford Motor Company (commonly known as Ford) is an American multinational automobile manufacturer headquartered in Dearborn, Michigan, United States. It was founded by Henry Ford and incorporated on June 16, 1903. The company sells automobiles and commercial vehicles under the Ford brand, and luxury cars under its Lincoln luxury brand. Ford also owns Brazilian SUV manufacturer Troller, an 8% stake in Aston Martin of the United Kingdom and a 32% stake in China's Jiangling Motors. It also has joint ventures in China (Changan Ford), Taiwan (Ford Lio Ho), Thailand (AutoAlliance Thailand), and Turkey (Ford Otosan). The company is listed on the New York Stock Exchange and is controlled by the Ford family; they have minority ownership but the majority of the voting power.	Henry Ford founded Ford Motor Company (aka Ford) in on June 16, 1903 in Dearborn Michigan.
What Is a Request for Quote (RFQ)?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What Is a Request for Quote (RFQ)? ### Response:		A request for quote (RFQ) is a structured acquisition process in which a company or Govt. Agency solicits select suppliers and contractors to submit price quotes and bids for the chance to fulfill specific tasks or projects. The RFQ process is especially important to businesses or government agencies that need a consistent supply of a specific number of standard products. Companies may send RFQs alone or before a request for proposal (RFP).
Give me an idea of some cold beverages to drink on a hot day	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Give me an idea of some cold beverages to drink on a hot day ### Response:		Some cold beverages to drink on a hot day would be iced tea, lemonade, a milkshake, or water. If you enjoy alcohol, you could drink a refrigerated beer or a wine that is served cold, like sangria or rosé.
What is the difference between a flute and piccolo?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the difference between a flute and piccolo? ### Response:		The main difference between a flute and piccolo is that the flute is a woodwind instrument and the piccolo is a brass instrument. The flute is typically made from wood and is played with the mouth, while the piccolo is typically made from brass and is played with the fingers. Additionally, the flute is usually pitched higher than the piccolo, and the flute is used for a variety of musical styles while the piccolo is typically used for jazz and classical music.
Why do people like traveling for leisure?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Why do people like traveling for leisure? ### Response:		Moving around the world seems to be part of human beings nature. Traveling represents a great opportunity. It is a relaxing and educational experience at the same time. Traveling is a great leaning opportunity.
Your organized flight has been canceled. Write a letter to the airline company. You should 1) complain about the situation, 2) request what you need from them to make a travel insurance claim, 3) suggest what they should do in future situations.	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Your organized flight has been canceled. Write a letter to the airline company. You should 1) complain about the situation, 2) request what you need from them to make a travel insurance claim, 3) suggest what they should do in future situations. ### Response:		Hi Delta Airline, I am Ao Ni, I send this email regarding a cancelled flight of mine and to request documents to claim my travel insurance. I just received an email from you that my flight from Las Vegas to New York today at 10 PM was canceled due to mechanical issues. Even though Delta Airline will refund me the cost of flight ticket, the last minute ticket for tomorrow's flight is extremely expensive, almost double the normal price. I have to get back to New York by tomorrow to attend a very important meeting so I have to pay for the ticket, plus one night stay at a hotel for tonight. Will you reimburse my hotel and ticket? If not, I will have to claim it through my travel insurance and I need two documents to support my case. First, the confirmation of my order. Second, I need a letter from you to state the reason of the cancellation and that Delta Airlines is not able to reimburse my loss. I understand that bad things happen sometimes but I am still annoyed by the last minute notice. You should have noticed me earlier so that I could have had more time to deal with it. Please let me know if you need anything from me. You can reach me at 123-456-7890 or my email [email protected].
If a candidate running to be the President of the United States is indicted during his campaign, can he continue running for election?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: If a candidate running to be the President of the United States is indicted during his campaign, can he continue running for election? ### Response:		If someone running to be the President of the United States is indicted, this person still can run for election no matter when he was indicted.
Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Hi-hat, Vihuela	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Hi-hat, Vihuela ### Response:		Vihuela is string, Hi-hat is percussion.
How to live a long and healthy life?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How to live a long and healthy life? ### Response:		Well, longevity of life is never guaranteed no matter how healthy you live. However, you can lead a healthy life to improve the quality of your life. You should eat a balanced diet and exercise at a minimum of 3 times per week. Research has also shown that having a social circle improves mental health. Investing in people around you and spending time with loved ones can help lower stress and improve satisfaction in life generally.
Why use an ereader to read a book?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Why use an ereader to read a book? ### Response:		Using an electronic reader over a book has many advantages. You have immediate access to large libraries of books. You can purchase and start reading a new book in minutes. You can also take your entire library with you when you travel without lugging around many or large books. E-readers also give the ability to read in the dark without using other lighting that may disturb those around you. While tablets have many of these same benefits, the experience on ereaders is better for reading books. The screens cause much less eye strain due to the use of electron inc on many of the devices. They are also free from notifications and other distractions found on tablets and smartphones.
Of this list of countries, which of these countries shares a border with at least one other country, and which do not? New Zealand, Canada, France, Australia, Germany, Finland, Turkey and Japan.	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Of this list of countries, which of these countries shares a border with at least one other country, and which do not? New Zealand, Canada, France, Australia, Germany, Finland, Turkey and Japan. ### Response:		Canada, France, Germany, Finland, and Turkey all share a border with other countries. New Zealand, Australia and Japan do not share a border with any other country.
Why do babies cry so much?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Why do babies cry so much? ### Response:		Babies cry because that is their language for communication. During their growing years, newborns and infants typically go through a lot of changes in their body, which may cause some sort of discomfort during that time. Babies usually cry for either food or sleep. Food and sleep are their primary needs apart from comfort and care from their care givers. If a baby is well fed and well rested, babies could have gas or burp as other secondary reasons for crying. Babies also need appropriate clothing as per weather or room temperature. Lastly babies also tend to get bored and need constant attention and someone to play with them. If the baby continues to cry despite all your efforts, please do not lose your patience, stay calm and contact your friends or neighbors for help. You can also reach out to your Pediatrician to check the baby for any other medical conditions. As a baby grows older, their duration and frequency of crying reduces.
How do you increase your output on a Peloton ride?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How do you increase your output on a Peloton ride? ### Response:		If you want to increase your output on a Peloton ride there are definitely a few tips and tricks to follow to ensure progress. First off, I would always recommend using the same official Peloton equipment (Peloton Bike or Peloton Bike+) to ensure you are tracking consistent metrics between your rides. I would also recommend doing a Functional Threshold Power Test (FTP Test), to get a baseline of your maximum performance as well as get a power meter for each of your rides. From there, a big amount of increasing your power comes from consistency of both riding frequency as well as consistency in overloading your leg muscles during those durations. Taking Power Zone rides (PZE, PZ, PZMax) or Power Zone programs is a great way to increase your output over time. These rides/programs are tailored to your max level of effort, and as you progress over time, so will your 7 power zone levels. Besides consistently riding and keeping track of your metrics/FTP, there is a quick trick for increasing your output which is not that sustainable. The trick is to ride out of the saddle and crank the resistance all the way up (75+). If you can move your legs at 50+ cadence and over say an 80 resistance, you will be putting up over 300 output. If you can sustain that for a minute at a time and do that 3-5 times during a ride, you will easily increase your total output. Lower cadence is not ideal for increasing your power from a longevity strategy, but is a quick answer for breaking a personal record. Good luck on your future rides, and don't forget to send love with some highfives!
Who would win if Mike Tyson fought Tyson Fury?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Who would win if Mike Tyson fought Tyson Fury? ### Response:		This seems like a tricky question to answer as both boxers have a very different fighting style and belong to different eras. It's easy to say that Tyson Fury would have the reach advantage due to his height being just under 7 feet, but if I had to pick one I would pick Mike Tyson due to the sheer ferocity of his boxing skills. Mike Tyson would probably seek to cause a lot of body damage with his signature hooks to the liver and use Fury's long gait to sneak inwards for body shots. It would be interesting to see how Fury is able to limit the body damage caused by Mike by using his world-renowned reflexes. I must still say that it would be a very close fight as both of them are greats of the boxing world!
Give me a simple summary of idempotency	Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Give me a simple summary of idempotency ### Input: Idempotence (UK: /ˌɪdɛmˈpoʊtəns/,[1] US: /ˈaɪdəm-/)[2] is the property of certain operations in mathematics and computer science whereby they can be applied multiple times without changing the result beyond the initial application. The concept of idempotence arises in a number of places in abstract algebra (in particular, in the theory of projectors and closure operators) and functional programming (in which it is connected to the property of referential transparency). The term was introduced by American mathematician Benjamin Peirce in 1870[3] in the context of elements of algebras that remain invariant when raised to a positive integer power, and literally means "(the quality of having) the same power", from idem + potence (same + power). ### Response:	Idempotence (UK: /ˌɪdɛmˈpoʊtəns/,[1] US: /ˈaɪdəm-/)[2] is the property of certain operations in mathematics and computer science whereby they can be applied multiple times without changing the result beyond the initial application. The concept of idempotence arises in a number of places in abstract algebra (in particular, in the theory of projectors and closure operators) and functional programming (in which it is connected to the property of referential transparency). The term was introduced by American mathematician Benjamin Peirce in 1870[3] in the context of elements of algebras that remain invariant when raised to a positive integer power, and literally means "(the quality of having) the same power", from idem + potence (same + power).	Idempotency is a mathematical property where if you apply an operation multiple times, the result remains the same -- just as if you had only applied the operation once. Idempotency can grant you at-most-once semantics.
What is grep used for?	Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is grep used for? ### Input: grep is a command-line utility for searching plain-text data sets for lines that match a regular expression. Its name comes from the ed command g/re/p (globally search for a regular expression and print matching lines), which has the same effect. "grep" was originally developed for the Unix operating system, but later available for all Unix-like systems and some others such as OS-9. ### Response:	grep is a command-line utility for searching plain-text data sets for lines that match a regular expression. Its name comes from the ed command g/re/p (globally search for a regular expression and print matching lines), which has the same effect. "grep" was originally developed for the Unix operating system, but later available for all Unix-like systems and some others such as OS-9.	grep is a popular Unix command that is used to search plain-text data sets for lines that match a pattern or regular expression. grep (global regular expression print) was originally developed for the Unix operating system, but later available for all Unix-like systems. An example of using the grep command to search for a keyword in a file: grep keyword file.txt You can pipe the output of other commands into grep. For example, grep can be used to search a directory for a file: ls ~/Desktop \| grep keyword
What is abstract class?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is abstract class? ### Response:		A generic class that is used only as a template for derived classes, and that cannot be instantiated.
Who is the greatest physicist of all time?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Who is the greatest physicist of all time? ### Response:		There have been many great physicists over the years, and while it's not possible to say with certainty who was the 'greatest', Isaac Newton and Albert Einstein are very strong contenders for that title. Isaac Newton (1642-1746) was an English physicist and mathematician most famous for inventing calculus, classical mechanics. His three laws of classical mechanics successfully predicted the behavior of solid bodies across all observable scales - from the motion of planets to falling apples. For over 250 years his laws were applied with greater and greater precision, always giving the correct answers. However, in the late 1800s physicists struggled to reconcile measurements of the speed of light with Newton's laws. This one of the observations that led to Einstein's Special Theory of Relativity. Albert Einstein (1879-1955) was a German-born physicist who revolutionized our understanding of space, time and matter with his theories of relativity and quantum mechanics. His theories of special and general relativity changed our understanding of space and time and successfully explained the motion of light and the behavior of gravity. His theories of quantum mechanics likewise revolutionized our understand of the sub-atomic world. In addition to Newton and Einstein there are many other physicists who made groundbreaking discoveries, including Galileo Galilei, James Clerk Maxwell, Marie Curie, Neils Bohr, Richard Feynman, and Stephen Hawking.
Who is Toto?	Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Who is Toto? ### Input: Toto is a fictional dog in L. Frank Baum's Oz series of children's books, and works derived from them. His name is pronounced with a long "O", a homophone of "toe toe". He was originally a small terrier drawn by W. W. Denslow for the first edition of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1900). He reappears in numerous adaptations, such as The Wizard of Oz (1939) and The Wiz (1978). ### Response:	Toto is a fictional dog in L. Frank Baum's Oz series of children's books, and works derived from them. His name is pronounced with a long "O", a homophone of "toe toe". He was originally a small terrier drawn by W. W. Denslow for the first edition of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1900). He reappears in numerous adaptations, such as The Wizard of Oz (1939) and The Wiz (1978).	Toto may refer to many things but a popular reference is to a small dog in the movie The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1900). Toto belongs to Dorothy Gale, the heroine, and plays a key role at several points in the movie including running away (which causes Dorothy to chase after him and get pulled into the story) and pulling the curtain back to reveal that the Wizard is just an old man.
Do all fish lay eggs to produce offspring?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Do all fish lay eggs to produce offspring? ### Response:		No. While most fish do lay eggs there are a number of species that give live birth to their fish fry (e.g. Molly)
What is your favorite ice cream flavor?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is your favorite ice cream flavor? ### Response:		While everyone has different taste buds, there are many different flavors to enjoy. Most of the basic flavors are used as a base for other flavors. The most common being, chocolate, vanilla and strawberry.
Define judicial review and explain John Marshall’s role in establishing judicial review.	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Define judicial review and explain John Marshall’s role in establishing judicial review. ### Response:		Judicial review is a power the courts have to declare that a federal or state law violates the Constitution thereby nullifying the law making it enforceable. Just before President Adams left office he appointed new justices of the peace for Washington D.C., Jefferson, the next President refused to deliver the commissions. This led to the case Marbury vs Madison. The basis of the case was that the Judiciary Act of 1789 allowed for the appointed to request a court order to grant their appointments with original jurisdiction given to the Supreme Court. John Marshall saw that siding with Jefferson would make it seem like the Supreme Court was his lackey. If they sided with Adams, there was no way to make Jefferson enforce the ruling. Both decisions would reduce the Supreme Court's legitimacy. John Marshall side-stepped this problem by striking down the Judiciary Act on the grounds that it was unconstitutional. This was the establishment of judicial review, a Supreme Court power that was only hinted at in the Constitution.
Why do humans like stories?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Why do humans like stories? ### Response:		Stories allow conveying important thoughts and sharing experiences from one person to another in an easily understandable and relatable way, ultimately leading to knowledge transfer between humans. They also spark imagination and give readers or listeners the opportunity to come up with their own depiction of the plot and of the characters.