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id stringlengths 19 24	title stringlengths 1 110	content stringlengths 1 1k	contents stringlengths 7 1.11k	wiki_id stringlengths 2 8
wiki20220301en020_101427	IV Corps (United Kingdom)	2nd Brigade (The Curragh) 1st West York Militia (Pontefract), 2nd West York Militia (York), 3rd West York Militia (Doncaster) Divisional Troops 4th West York Militia (Leeds), 2nd Dragoon Guards (Dublin), 6th Company Royal Engineers (The Curragh) Artillery P/3rd Brigade RA (The Curragh), K/2nd Brigade RA (Kilkenny), I/2nd Brigade RA (Athlone) 3rd Division (Cork) 1st Brigade (Cork) 1st Somerset Militia (Taunton), 2nd Somerset Militia (Bath), Hereford Militia (Hereford) 2nd Brigade (Limerick) 1st Warwick Militia (Warwick), 2nd Warwick Militia (Leamington Spa), Glamorgan Militia (Cardiff) Divisional Troops 1st Bn. 7th Foot (Cork), 19th Hussars (Ballincollig), 18th Company Royal Engineers (Cork) Artillery N/3rd Brigade RA (Clonmel), M/3rd Brigade RA (Limerick), H/2nd Brigade RA (Fermoy) Cavalry Brigade (The Curragh) 2nd Dragoons (Dundalk), 7th Hussars (Cahir), 20th Hussars (Newbridge), I Battery B Brigade RHA (Ballincollig) Corps Artillery	IV Corps (United Kingdom). 2nd Brigade (The Curragh) 1st West York Militia (Pontefract), 2nd West York Militia (York), 3rd West York Militia (Doncaster) Divisional Troops 4th West York Militia (Leeds), 2nd Dragoon Guards (Dublin), 6th Company Royal Engineers (The Curragh) Artillery P/3rd Brigade RA (The Curragh), K/2nd Brigade RA (Kilkenny), I/2nd Brigade RA (Athlone) 3rd Division (Cork) 1st Brigade (Cork) 1st Somerset Militia (Taunton), 2nd Somerset Militia (Bath), Hereford Militia (Hereford) 2nd Brigade (Limerick) 1st Warwick Militia (Warwick), 2nd Warwick Militia (Leamington Spa), Glamorgan Militia (Cardiff) Divisional Troops 1st Bn. 7th Foot (Cork), 19th Hussars (Ballincollig), 18th Company Royal Engineers (Cork) Artillery N/3rd Brigade RA (Clonmel), M/3rd Brigade RA (Limerick), H/2nd Brigade RA (Fermoy) Cavalry Brigade (The Curragh) 2nd Dragoons (Dundalk), 7th Hussars (Cahir), 20th Hussars (Newbridge), I Battery B Brigade RHA (Ballincollig) Corps Artillery	523442
wiki20220301en020_101428	IV Corps (United Kingdom)	Cavalry Brigade (The Curragh) 2nd Dragoons (Dundalk), 7th Hussars (Cahir), 20th Hussars (Newbridge), I Battery B Brigade RHA (Ballincollig) Corps Artillery H Battery B Brigade RHA (Newbridge), B Battery A Brigade RHA (Dublin), G Battery B Brigade RHA (Dublin)	IV Corps (United Kingdom). Cavalry Brigade (The Curragh) 2nd Dragoons (Dundalk), 7th Hussars (Cahir), 20th Hussars (Newbridge), I Battery B Brigade RHA (Ballincollig) Corps Artillery H Battery B Brigade RHA (Newbridge), B Battery A Brigade RHA (Dublin), G Battery B Brigade RHA (Dublin)	523442
wiki20220301en020_101429	IV Corps (United Kingdom)	This scheme had been dropped by 1881. The 1901 Army Estimates (introduced by St John Brodrick when Secretary of State for War) allowed for six army corps based on the six regional commands: IV Corps was to be formed by Eastern Command with headquarters in London. It was to comprise 27 artillery batteries (18 Regular, 6 Militia and 3 Volunteer) and 25 infantry battalions (8 Regular, 8 Militia and 9 Volunteers). Under Army Order No 38 of 1907 the corps titles disappeared, but Eastern Command continued to be a major administrative organisation, controlling two cavalry brigades and one infantry division (4th Division).	IV Corps (United Kingdom). This scheme had been dropped by 1881. The 1901 Army Estimates (introduced by St John Brodrick when Secretary of State for War) allowed for six army corps based on the six regional commands: IV Corps was to be formed by Eastern Command with headquarters in London. It was to comprise 27 artillery batteries (18 Regular, 6 Militia and 3 Volunteer) and 25 infantry battalions (8 Regular, 8 Militia and 9 Volunteers). Under Army Order No 38 of 1907 the corps titles disappeared, but Eastern Command continued to be a major administrative organisation, controlling two cavalry brigades and one infantry division (4th Division).	523442
wiki20220301en020_101430	IV Corps (United Kingdom)	First World War The Corps had its origin in a force operating independently in Belgium under the command of Lieut-Gen Sir Henry Rawlinson. It was transferred from War Office control to the BEF on 9 October 1914, and the BEF"s commander, Sir John French, constituted it as IV Corps. It bore part of the brunt of the defence in the early stages of the First Battle of Ypres. Initially it comprised the 7th Infantry Division and 3rd Cavalry Division, but these were transferred in late October. IV Corps was reconstituted on 6 November. It then fought at the Battle of Neuve Chapelle and subsidiary actions, the Battle of Aubers Ridge, and The Battle of Festubert, the Battle of Loos and associated actions.	IV Corps (United Kingdom). First World War The Corps had its origin in a force operating independently in Belgium under the command of Lieut-Gen Sir Henry Rawlinson. It was transferred from War Office control to the BEF on 9 October 1914, and the BEF"s commander, Sir John French, constituted it as IV Corps. It bore part of the brunt of the defence in the early stages of the First Battle of Ypres. Initially it comprised the 7th Infantry Division and 3rd Cavalry Division, but these were transferred in late October. IV Corps was reconstituted on 6 November. It then fought at the Battle of Neuve Chapelle and subsidiary actions, the Battle of Aubers Ridge, and The Battle of Festubert, the Battle of Loos and associated actions.	523442
wiki20220301en020_101431	IV Corps (United Kingdom)	In 1916 the corps was commanded by Wilson. The corps was initially holding a stretch of five miles from Loos to just south of Givenchy, between Gough's I Corps in the north and French IX Corps (part of d'Urbal's Tenth Army) in the south. Wilson, noting the difference in quality between his divisions, took a keen interest in training and did much lecturing. In March the British took over line from French Tenth Army. IV Corps was moved south of Givenchy, opposite Vimy Ridge, which gave the Germans the advantage of height. 47th Division conducted effective mining operations on 3 May and 15 May. A surprise German attack on the evening of Sunday 21 May moved forward 800 yards, capturing 1,000 yards of the British front line. The subsequent counterattack failed and Wilson was almost "degummed" (relieved of command).	IV Corps (United Kingdom). In 1916 the corps was commanded by Wilson. The corps was initially holding a stretch of five miles from Loos to just south of Givenchy, between Gough's I Corps in the north and French IX Corps (part of d'Urbal's Tenth Army) in the south. Wilson, noting the difference in quality between his divisions, took a keen interest in training and did much lecturing. In March the British took over line from French Tenth Army. IV Corps was moved south of Givenchy, opposite Vimy Ridge, which gave the Germans the advantage of height. 47th Division conducted effective mining operations on 3 May and 15 May. A surprise German attack on the evening of Sunday 21 May moved forward 800 yards, capturing 1,000 yards of the British front line. The subsequent counterattack failed and Wilson was almost "degummed" (relieved of command).	523442
wiki20220301en020_101432	IV Corps (United Kingdom)	Wilson resisted pressure from Haig to conduct a limited attack until after 1 September. With another "Big Push" due on the Somme in September, Wilson's attack was postponed until October, and GHQ now wanted the whole of Vimy Ridge taken, which would mean a joint attack with XVII Corps. Edmonds later wrote that Wilson's preparations had laid the foundations for the successful capture of Vimy Ridge in April 1917. The attack at Vimy never took place as IV Corps was incorporated into Gough's Reserve Army, where it remained in reserve during the Battle of the Ancre. The corps also took part in the German Retreat to the Hindenburg Line, the Battle of Cambrai and associated actions, the First Battles of the Somme and associated actions, the Second Battle of the Somme, the Battle of St. Quentin Canal and associated actions, and the final advance in Picardy.	IV Corps (United Kingdom). Wilson resisted pressure from Haig to conduct a limited attack until after 1 September. With another "Big Push" due on the Somme in September, Wilson's attack was postponed until October, and GHQ now wanted the whole of Vimy Ridge taken, which would mean a joint attack with XVII Corps. Edmonds later wrote that Wilson's preparations had laid the foundations for the successful capture of Vimy Ridge in April 1917. The attack at Vimy never took place as IV Corps was incorporated into Gough's Reserve Army, where it remained in reserve during the Battle of the Ancre. The corps also took part in the German Retreat to the Hindenburg Line, the Battle of Cambrai and associated actions, the First Battles of the Somme and associated actions, the Second Battle of the Somme, the Battle of St. Quentin Canal and associated actions, and the final advance in Picardy.	523442
wiki20220301en020_101433	IV Corps (United Kingdom)	Composition in the First World War The composition of army corps changed frequently. Some representative orders of battle for IV Corps are given here. Order of Battle at Ypres 10 November 1914: General Officer Commanding (GOC): Lieutenant-General Sir Henry Rawlinson Brigadier-General, General Staff: R.A.K. Montgomery Brigadier-General, Royal Artillery: A.H. Hussey Colonel, Royal Engineers: R.U.H. Buckland 7th Division 8th Division By the time of the battles of Aubers Ridge and Festubert (May 1915), IV Corps still had 7th and 8th Divisions under command, but had been reinforced by 49th (West Riding) Division of the Territorial Force. Order of Battle in 1916	IV Corps (United Kingdom). Composition in the First World War The composition of army corps changed frequently. Some representative orders of battle for IV Corps are given here. Order of Battle at Ypres 10 November 1914: General Officer Commanding (GOC): Lieutenant-General Sir Henry Rawlinson Brigadier-General, General Staff: R.A.K. Montgomery Brigadier-General, Royal Artillery: A.H. Hussey Colonel, Royal Engineers: R.U.H. Buckland 7th Division 8th Division By the time of the battles of Aubers Ridge and Festubert (May 1915), IV Corps still had 7th and 8th Divisions under command, but had been reinforced by 49th (West Riding) Division of the Territorial Force. Order of Battle in 1916	523442
wiki20220301en020_101434	IV Corps (United Kingdom)	Order of Battle in 1916 Once the era of trench warfare had set in on the Western Front (1915–17), the BEF left its army corps in position for long periods, so that they became familiar with their sector, while rotating divisions as they required rest, training, or transfer to other sectors. Thirteen different divisions passed through IV Corps during Wilson's eleven-month tenure, and only one, the 47th, stayed for longer than six months.	IV Corps (United Kingdom). Order of Battle in 1916 Once the era of trench warfare had set in on the Western Front (1915–17), the BEF left its army corps in position for long periods, so that they became familiar with their sector, while rotating divisions as they required rest, training, or transfer to other sectors. Thirteen different divisions passed through IV Corps during Wilson's eleven-month tenure, and only one, the 47th, stayed for longer than six months.	523442
wiki20220301en020_101435	IV Corps (United Kingdom)	In December 1915 IV Corps consisted of 1st (formerly a regular division), 47th (London Territorials) and 15th (Scottish) Division and 16th (Irish) Division (both New Army). Wilson was impressed by the standard of training in the 15th but not the 16th. In the spring it lost 1st, 15th and 16th Divisions and gained 2nd (formerly a regular division) from Gough's I Corps. IV Corps also gained 23rd (New Army). At this time, with the army having recently grown tenfold in size, there was little in the way of formal ongoing assessment of officers' performance, so Gough, the Reserve Army commander, passed on his informal (and low) opinion of the 2nd Division GOC William G. Walker, who was later relieved. (Wilson Diary 24 February 1916).	IV Corps (United Kingdom). In December 1915 IV Corps consisted of 1st (formerly a regular division), 47th (London Territorials) and 15th (Scottish) Division and 16th (Irish) Division (both New Army). Wilson was impressed by the standard of training in the 15th but not the 16th. In the spring it lost 1st, 15th and 16th Divisions and gained 2nd (formerly a regular division) from Gough's I Corps. IV Corps also gained 23rd (New Army). At this time, with the army having recently grown tenfold in size, there was little in the way of formal ongoing assessment of officers' performance, so Gough, the Reserve Army commander, passed on his informal (and low) opinion of the 2nd Division GOC William G. Walker, who was later relieved. (Wilson Diary 24 February 1916).	523442
wiki20220301en020_101436	IV Corps (United Kingdom)	In early April the 23rd Division was taken away, and a number of guns with it. By August IV Corps contained two elite divisions, 63rd (Royal Naval) Division and 9th (New Army), under Bill Furse with Hugh Tudor as artillery commander. Some of IV Corps artillery was moved down to the Somme. Then the 63rd and 9th Divisions were taken away, then in October the whole Corps was transferred to Gough's Reserve Army on the Somme, although it was used as a holding formation rather than being deployed into the front line. At one point, by 18 October, IV Corps had no divisions at all. During 1916, able staff officers were still in short supply and such men were poached from IV Corps and its component divisions by Rawlinson for Fourth Army HQ. Order of Battle at the start of the final advance in Picardy (27 September 1918) GOC: Lieutenant-General Sir Montagu Harper 5th Division 37th Division 42nd (Eastern Lancashire) Division New Zealand Division Second World War	IV Corps (United Kingdom). In early April the 23rd Division was taken away, and a number of guns with it. By August IV Corps contained two elite divisions, 63rd (Royal Naval) Division and 9th (New Army), under Bill Furse with Hugh Tudor as artillery commander. Some of IV Corps artillery was moved down to the Somme. Then the 63rd and 9th Divisions were taken away, then in October the whole Corps was transferred to Gough's Reserve Army on the Somme, although it was used as a holding formation rather than being deployed into the front line. At one point, by 18 October, IV Corps had no divisions at all. During 1916, able staff officers were still in short supply and such men were poached from IV Corps and its component divisions by Rawlinson for Fourth Army HQ. Order of Battle at the start of the final advance in Picardy (27 September 1918) GOC: Lieutenant-General Sir Montagu Harper 5th Division 37th Division 42nd (Eastern Lancashire) Division New Zealand Division Second World War	523442
wiki20220301en020_101437	IV Corps (United Kingdom)	GOC: Lieutenant-General Sir Montagu Harper 5th Division 37th Division 42nd (Eastern Lancashire) Division New Zealand Division Second World War Norway The Corps was reformed in Alresford in Hampshire in February 1940 in anticipation of operations in Norway, or perhaps Finland (part of a projected intervention in the Russo-Finnish Winter War). From March to May 1940 parts of the corps fought at Narvik and Trondheim in the Norwegian campaign. Its commander was Lieutenant General Claude Auchinleck.	IV Corps (United Kingdom). GOC: Lieutenant-General Sir Montagu Harper 5th Division 37th Division 42nd (Eastern Lancashire) Division New Zealand Division Second World War Norway The Corps was reformed in Alresford in Hampshire in February 1940 in anticipation of operations in Norway, or perhaps Finland (part of a projected intervention in the Russo-Finnish Winter War). From March to May 1940 parts of the corps fought at Narvik and Trondheim in the Norwegian campaign. Its commander was Lieutenant General Claude Auchinleck.	523442
wiki20220301en020_101438	IV Corps (United Kingdom)	Home Forces After the Norwegian campaign ended, the Corps first commanded most of the armoured reserves preparing to face the proposed German invasion of Britain (Operation Sea Lion), while the other corps headquarters which had been evacuated from Dunkirk in Operation Dynamo were reorganised. IV Corps was envisaged as a counter-attack force under Lieutenant-General Sir Francis Nosworthy. Once the danger of invasion was over, the corps was heavily involved in training and developing tactical doctrine. The corps was based at Guilsborough House near Northampton until August 1940 when it moved to Latimer House near Chesham. Order of Battle Autumn 1940 2nd Armoured Division (16 June–4 August 1940) 42nd (East Lancashire) Division (9 September–6 November 1940) 43rd (Wessex) Division (19 June–5 November 1940) 31st Independent Brigade Group (1 August 1940–15 February 1941) HQ Royal Artillery 154th (Leicestershire Yeomanry) Army Field Regiment 67th Medium Regiment	IV Corps (United Kingdom). Home Forces After the Norwegian campaign ended, the Corps first commanded most of the armoured reserves preparing to face the proposed German invasion of Britain (Operation Sea Lion), while the other corps headquarters which had been evacuated from Dunkirk in Operation Dynamo were reorganised. IV Corps was envisaged as a counter-attack force under Lieutenant-General Sir Francis Nosworthy. Once the danger of invasion was over, the corps was heavily involved in training and developing tactical doctrine. The corps was based at Guilsborough House near Northampton until August 1940 when it moved to Latimer House near Chesham. Order of Battle Autumn 1940 2nd Armoured Division (16 June–4 August 1940) 42nd (East Lancashire) Division (9 September–6 November 1940) 43rd (Wessex) Division (19 June–5 November 1940) 31st Independent Brigade Group (1 August 1940–15 February 1941) HQ Royal Artillery 154th (Leicestershire Yeomanry) Army Field Regiment 67th Medium Regiment	523442
wiki20220301en020_101439	IV Corps (United Kingdom)	Iraq In January 1942 the Corps headquarters was dispatched to Iraq, as part of Middle East Command. Its commander was Lieutenant General Thomas Corbett. In 1942, Corbett was appointed Chief of Staff of Middle East Command and Lieutenant General Noel Irwin took over IV Corps. India / Burma Following the Japanese conquest of Burma, several British divisions from Britain and the Middle East, and IV Corps headquarters, were deployed to India. Once in India, the skeleton formation was filled out with Indian Army Corps of Signals and line-of-communications units, and took over from the ad hoc Burma Corps headquarters, which was disbanded, at Imphal in Manipur in north-eastern India. It reported to the Eastern Army. The Corps adopted a badge of a charging elephant, in black on a red background.	IV Corps (United Kingdom). Iraq In January 1942 the Corps headquarters was dispatched to Iraq, as part of Middle East Command. Its commander was Lieutenant General Thomas Corbett. In 1942, Corbett was appointed Chief of Staff of Middle East Command and Lieutenant General Noel Irwin took over IV Corps. India / Burma Following the Japanese conquest of Burma, several British divisions from Britain and the Middle East, and IV Corps headquarters, were deployed to India. Once in India, the skeleton formation was filled out with Indian Army Corps of Signals and line-of-communications units, and took over from the ad hoc Burma Corps headquarters, which was disbanded, at Imphal in Manipur in north-eastern India. It reported to the Eastern Army. The Corps adopted a badge of a charging elephant, in black on a red background.	523442
wiki20220301en020_101440	IV Corps (United Kingdom)	In July 1942, Irwin was promoted to command Eastern Army. His successor in command of IV Corps was Lieutenant-General Geoffry Scoones. It was engaged in patrol activity as far as the Chindwin River and construction of airfields and roads. From late 1943, the Corps formed part of the newly created Fourteenth Army. In 1944 the Japanese sought to disrupt Allied attacks into Burma by launching an attack of their own, codenamed U-Go, against Imphal. This resulted in the epic Battle of Imphal. At the start of the battle the Corps consisted of the Indian 17th, 20th and 23rd Divisions, with the Indian 50th Parachute Brigade and 254th Indian Tank Brigade. During the early stages of the battle, the 5th Indian Division was flown into Imphal to join the corps.	IV Corps (United Kingdom). In July 1942, Irwin was promoted to command Eastern Army. His successor in command of IV Corps was Lieutenant-General Geoffry Scoones. It was engaged in patrol activity as far as the Chindwin River and construction of airfields and roads. From late 1943, the Corps formed part of the newly created Fourteenth Army. In 1944 the Japanese sought to disrupt Allied attacks into Burma by launching an attack of their own, codenamed U-Go, against Imphal. This resulted in the epic Battle of Imphal. At the start of the battle the Corps consisted of the Indian 17th, 20th and 23rd Divisions, with the Indian 50th Parachute Brigade and 254th Indian Tank Brigade. During the early stages of the battle, the 5th Indian Division was flown into Imphal to join the corps.	523442
wiki20220301en020_101441	IV Corps (United Kingdom)	The Corps was surrounded by Japanese forces but eventually defeated their attackers. Supplies and reinforcements were flown in to help the besieged troops, while casualties and non-combatants were flown out. The siege ended on 22 June, when troops from IV Corps met the relieving forces from XXXIII Corps north of Imphal. From then until the monsoon ended later in the year, formations from IV Corps (the 5th Indian Division and the newly arrived 11th East African Division) cleared the Japanese from east of the Chindwin, and established several bridgeheads across the river. In November 1944, as the rains ended, Fourteenth Army prepared to make a decisive attack into Central Burma. Lieutenant General Scoones was appointed to Central Command, an army-level headquarters in India, and replaced in charge of IV Corps by Lieutenant-General Frank Messervy. In preparation for the offensive, several divisions were organised as motorised and air-portable formations.	IV Corps (United Kingdom). The Corps was surrounded by Japanese forces but eventually defeated their attackers. Supplies and reinforcements were flown in to help the besieged troops, while casualties and non-combatants were flown out. The siege ended on 22 June, when troops from IV Corps met the relieving forces from XXXIII Corps north of Imphal. From then until the monsoon ended later in the year, formations from IV Corps (the 5th Indian Division and the newly arrived 11th East African Division) cleared the Japanese from east of the Chindwin, and established several bridgeheads across the river. In November 1944, as the rains ended, Fourteenth Army prepared to make a decisive attack into Central Burma. Lieutenant General Scoones was appointed to Central Command, an army-level headquarters in India, and replaced in charge of IV Corps by Lieutenant-General Frank Messervy. In preparation for the offensive, several divisions were organised as motorised and air-portable formations.	523442
wiki20220301en020_101442	IV Corps (United Kingdom)	The offensive began with IV Corps on the left of Fourteenth Army, led by the newly arrived 19th Indian Division. It became apparent that the Japanese had fallen back behind the Irrawaddy River. The 19th Division was transferred to XXXIII Corps and IV Corps was switched to the right flank of the Army, advancing down the Gangaw valley west of the Chindwin, led by the East African 28th Infantry Brigade and an ad-hoc infantry formation, the Lushai Brigade. In late February, the 7th Indian Infantry Division won bridgeheads over the Irrawaddy. The motorised 17th Indian division, with the M4 Sherman tanks of the 255th Indian Tank Brigade, followed up through these bridgeheads and struck deep into Japanese occupied territory to capture the vital transport and supply centre of Meiktila. Reinforced by troops landed at the airfields near the town, it defended against Japanese counter-attacks during March.	IV Corps (United Kingdom). The offensive began with IV Corps on the left of Fourteenth Army, led by the newly arrived 19th Indian Division. It became apparent that the Japanese had fallen back behind the Irrawaddy River. The 19th Division was transferred to XXXIII Corps and IV Corps was switched to the right flank of the Army, advancing down the Gangaw valley west of the Chindwin, led by the East African 28th Infantry Brigade and an ad-hoc infantry formation, the Lushai Brigade. In late February, the 7th Indian Infantry Division won bridgeheads over the Irrawaddy. The motorised 17th Indian division, with the M4 Sherman tanks of the 255th Indian Tank Brigade, followed up through these bridgeheads and struck deep into Japanese occupied territory to capture the vital transport and supply centre of Meiktila. Reinforced by troops landed at the airfields near the town, it defended against Japanese counter-attacks during March.	523442
wiki20220301en020_101443	IV Corps (United Kingdom)	Following the Japanese defeat in Central Burma, Fourteenth Army was reorganised. IV Corps now commanded the motorised 5th and 17th Indian Divisions, the 19th Indian Division (which remained on a mixed animal and motor transport establishment) and the 255th Tank Brigade. During April, the 5th and 17th Divisions alternated in the lead of the final drive on Rangoon down the Sittang River valley, while the 19th Division secured the corps' line of communications. By the start of May when the monsoon began, the Corps had been held up from Rangoon. Rangoon was captured by an amphibious landing Operation Dracula, having been abandoned by its garrison.	IV Corps (United Kingdom). Following the Japanese defeat in Central Burma, Fourteenth Army was reorganised. IV Corps now commanded the motorised 5th and 17th Indian Divisions, the 19th Indian Division (which remained on a mixed animal and motor transport establishment) and the 255th Tank Brigade. During April, the 5th and 17th Divisions alternated in the lead of the final drive on Rangoon down the Sittang River valley, while the 19th Division secured the corps' line of communications. By the start of May when the monsoon began, the Corps had been held up from Rangoon. Rangoon was captured by an amphibious landing Operation Dracula, having been abandoned by its garrison.	523442
wiki20220301en020_101444	IV Corps (United Kingdom)	Shortly after the fall of Rangoon, IV Corps was withdrawn from the control of Fourteenth Army and placed under the newly activated Twelfth Army. Temporarily commanded by Lieutenant-General Francis Tuker, it was responsible for mopping up the remaining Japanese forces in Burma until the end of the war including the defeat of a large break-out in the Pegu Yoma. The Corps was deactivated shortly after the end of hostilities.	IV Corps (United Kingdom). Shortly after the fall of Rangoon, IV Corps was withdrawn from the control of Fourteenth Army and placed under the newly activated Twelfth Army. Temporarily commanded by Lieutenant-General Francis Tuker, it was responsible for mopping up the remaining Japanese forces in Burma until the end of the war including the defeat of a large break-out in the Pegu Yoma. The Corps was deactivated shortly after the end of hostilities.	523442
wiki20220301en020_101445	IV Corps (United Kingdom)	General Officers Commanding Commanders have included: 1 April 1903: General the Lord Grenfell 6 June 1904: General the Lord Methuen (4th Army Corps was renamed Eastern Command 1 June 1905) Oct 1914 – Dec 1915 Lieutenant-General Henry Rawlinson Dec 1915 – end 1916 Lieutenant-General Henry Wilson 1916–1918 Lieutenant-General Charles Woollcombe Mar 1918 – Jun 1919 Lieutenant-General George Harper Feb 1940 – May 1940 Lieutenant-General Claude Auchinleck Jul 1940 – Nov 1941 Lieutenant-General Francis Nosworthy Jan 1942 – Mar 1942 Lieutenant-General Thomas Corbett Apr 1942 – Jul 1942 Lieutenant-General Noel Irwin Aug 1942 – Dec 1944 Lieutenant-General Sir Geoffry Scoones Dec 1944 – Jul 1945 Lieutenant-General Sir Frank Messervy Jul 1945 – Aug 1945 Lieutenant-General Sir Francis Tuker Notes References Bryant, Sir Arthur, The Turn of the Tide: Based on the War Diaries of Field Marshal Viscount Alanbrooke, London: Collins, 1957.	IV Corps (United Kingdom). General Officers Commanding Commanders have included: 1 April 1903: General the Lord Grenfell 6 June 1904: General the Lord Methuen (4th Army Corps was renamed Eastern Command 1 June 1905) Oct 1914 – Dec 1915 Lieutenant-General Henry Rawlinson Dec 1915 – end 1916 Lieutenant-General Henry Wilson 1916–1918 Lieutenant-General Charles Woollcombe Mar 1918 – Jun 1919 Lieutenant-General George Harper Feb 1940 – May 1940 Lieutenant-General Claude Auchinleck Jul 1940 – Nov 1941 Lieutenant-General Francis Nosworthy Jan 1942 – Mar 1942 Lieutenant-General Thomas Corbett Apr 1942 – Jul 1942 Lieutenant-General Noel Irwin Aug 1942 – Dec 1944 Lieutenant-General Sir Geoffry Scoones Dec 1944 – Jul 1945 Lieutenant-General Sir Frank Messervy Jul 1945 – Aug 1945 Lieutenant-General Sir Francis Tuker Notes References Bryant, Sir Arthur, The Turn of the Tide: Based on the War Diaries of Field Marshal Viscount Alanbrooke, London: Collins, 1957.	523442
wiki20220301en020_101446	IV Corps (United Kingdom)	Notes References Bryant, Sir Arthur, The Turn of the Tide: Based on the War Diaries of Field Marshal Viscount Alanbrooke, London: Collins, 1957. Dunlop, Col John K., The Development of the British Army 1899–1914, London: Methuen, 1938. Gen Sir Martin Farndale, History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery: The Years of Defeat: Europe and North Africa, 1939–1941, Woolwich: Royal Artillery Institution, 1988/London: Brasseys, 1996, . JPS Cigarette card series, Army, Corps and Divisional Signs 1914–1918, John Player and sons, 1920s. Latimer, Jon Burma: The Forgotten War, London: John Murray, 2004 () External links The Long Long Trail way/index.htm Official history: Norway Royal Artillery 1939–45 globalsecurity.org	IV Corps (United Kingdom). Notes References Bryant, Sir Arthur, The Turn of the Tide: Based on the War Diaries of Field Marshal Viscount Alanbrooke, London: Collins, 1957. Dunlop, Col John K., The Development of the British Army 1899–1914, London: Methuen, 1938. Gen Sir Martin Farndale, History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery: The Years of Defeat: Europe and North Africa, 1939–1941, Woolwich: Royal Artillery Institution, 1988/London: Brasseys, 1996, . JPS Cigarette card series, Army, Corps and Divisional Signs 1914–1918, John Player and sons, 1920s. Latimer, Jon Burma: The Forgotten War, London: John Murray, 2004 () External links The Long Long Trail way/index.htm Official history: Norway Royal Artillery 1939–45 globalsecurity.org	523442
wiki20220301en020_101447	IV Corps (United Kingdom)	External links The Long Long Trail way/index.htm Official history: Norway Royal Artillery 1939–45 globalsecurity.org British field corps Corps of the British Army in World War I Corps of the British Army in World War II Military units and formations of the British Empire in World War II Military units and formations established in 1914 Military units and formations disestablished in 1919 Military units and formations established in 1940 Military units and formations disestablished in 1945	IV Corps (United Kingdom). External links The Long Long Trail way/index.htm Official history: Norway Royal Artillery 1939–45 globalsecurity.org British field corps Corps of the British Army in World War I Corps of the British Army in World War II Military units and formations of the British Empire in World War II Military units and formations established in 1914 Military units and formations disestablished in 1919 Military units and formations established in 1940 Military units and formations disestablished in 1945	523442
wiki20220301en020_101448	Lakhdar Brahimi	Lakhdar Brahimi (Algerian pronunciation: ; ; ; born 1 January 1934) is an Algerian United Nations diplomat who served as the United Nations and Arab League Special Envoy to Syria until 14 May 2014. He was Minister of Foreign Affairs of Algeria from 1991 to 1993. He served as chairman of the United Nations Panel on United Nations Peace Operations in 2000. Its highly influential report "Report of the Panel on United Nations Peacekeeping" is known as "The Brahimi Report".	Lakhdar Brahimi. Lakhdar Brahimi (Algerian pronunciation: ; ; ; born 1 January 1934) is an Algerian United Nations diplomat who served as the United Nations and Arab League Special Envoy to Syria until 14 May 2014. He was Minister of Foreign Affairs of Algeria from 1991 to 1993. He served as chairman of the United Nations Panel on United Nations Peace Operations in 2000. Its highly influential report "Report of the Panel on United Nations Peacekeeping" is known as "The Brahimi Report".	523445
wiki20220301en020_101449	Lakhdar Brahimi	He is also a member of The Elders, a group of world leaders working for global peace. Brahimi is a member of the Commission on Legal Empowerment of the Poor, the first global initiative to focus specifically on the link between exclusion, poverty and law. He has also been a Member of the Global Leadership Foundation since 2008, an organization which works to promote good governance around the world. He is currently a distinguished senior fellow at the Centre for the Study of Global Governance at the London School of Economics and Political Science, and a governing board member of the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. He relinquished his post as UN Special Envoy to Syria on 31 May 2014.	Lakhdar Brahimi. He is also a member of The Elders, a group of world leaders working for global peace. Brahimi is a member of the Commission on Legal Empowerment of the Poor, the first global initiative to focus specifically on the link between exclusion, poverty and law. He has also been a Member of the Global Leadership Foundation since 2008, an organization which works to promote good governance around the world. He is currently a distinguished senior fellow at the Centre for the Study of Global Governance at the London School of Economics and Political Science, and a governing board member of the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. He relinquished his post as UN Special Envoy to Syria on 31 May 2014.	523445
wiki20220301en020_101450	Lakhdar Brahimi	Early life and education Brahimi was born in 1934 in El Azizia near Tablat, Algeria, about 60 km south of Algiers. He was educated in Algeria and in France where he studied law and political science. He joined the campaign for independence in 1956. Based in Jakarta for five years, he was the representative of the National Liberation Front (Algeria) in South East Asia, touring the region in search of diplomatic support. Career	Lakhdar Brahimi. Early life and education Brahimi was born in 1934 in El Azizia near Tablat, Algeria, about 60 km south of Algiers. He was educated in Algeria and in France where he studied law and political science. He joined the campaign for independence in 1956. Based in Jakarta for five years, he was the representative of the National Liberation Front (Algeria) in South East Asia, touring the region in search of diplomatic support. Career	523445
wiki20220301en020_101451	Lakhdar Brahimi	Career Brahimi was the United Nations special representative for Afghanistan and Iraq. Before his appointment in 2001 by the Secretary-General, Kofi Annan, he had served the U.N. as special representative to Haiti where he narrowly escaped an assassination attempt. Brahimi facilitated the first American UN Force Commander since their involvement in the Korean War. Before coming to the U.N., Brahimi, who represented the National Liberation Front in Tunis during Algeria's independence movement in 1956–1961, was an Arab League official (1984–1991) and the Algerian Minister for Foreign Affairs from 1991 until 1993. Brahimi was also chair of the Panel on United Nations Peace Operations, which produced the influential Brahimi Report. On a visit to Baghdad in April 2004 to help determine how and when Iraqi elections can be held, he said that the recent violence threatened to delay Iraqi national assembly elections—the national assembly is to pick the president and write a constitution.	Lakhdar Brahimi. Career Brahimi was the United Nations special representative for Afghanistan and Iraq. Before his appointment in 2001 by the Secretary-General, Kofi Annan, he had served the U.N. as special representative to Haiti where he narrowly escaped an assassination attempt. Brahimi facilitated the first American UN Force Commander since their involvement in the Korean War. Before coming to the U.N., Brahimi, who represented the National Liberation Front in Tunis during Algeria's independence movement in 1956–1961, was an Arab League official (1984–1991) and the Algerian Minister for Foreign Affairs from 1991 until 1993. Brahimi was also chair of the Panel on United Nations Peace Operations, which produced the influential Brahimi Report. On a visit to Baghdad in April 2004 to help determine how and when Iraqi elections can be held, he said that the recent violence threatened to delay Iraqi national assembly elections—the national assembly is to pick the president and write a constitution.	523445
wiki20220301en020_101452	Lakhdar Brahimi	"The elections scheduled to take place in January 2005 are the most important milestone," Brahimi said. "There is no substitute for the legitimacy that comes from free and fair elections." (Witter, 2004) Brahimi suggested that the Iraq Interim Governing Council should be dissolved, and that most of its members should not have any role in the new government. Though the council was in fact dissolved early, some of its members did have major roles in the ensuing government. The president, one of the two vice-presidents, and the prime minister in the following government all served on the council. Most prominently, Brahimi's criticism of Ahmed Chalabi has led to Chalabi's claim that Brahimi is an Arab nationalist who should have no role in determining the future of Iraq. At the same time, close allies of Chalabi have been pushing claims that various world leaders and the UN took bribes from Saddam Hussein under the Oil for Food program.	Lakhdar Brahimi. "The elections scheduled to take place in January 2005 are the most important milestone," Brahimi said. "There is no substitute for the legitimacy that comes from free and fair elections." (Witter, 2004) Brahimi suggested that the Iraq Interim Governing Council should be dissolved, and that most of its members should not have any role in the new government. Though the council was in fact dissolved early, some of its members did have major roles in the ensuing government. The president, one of the two vice-presidents, and the prime minister in the following government all served on the council. Most prominently, Brahimi's criticism of Ahmed Chalabi has led to Chalabi's claim that Brahimi is an Arab nationalist who should have no role in determining the future of Iraq. At the same time, close allies of Chalabi have been pushing claims that various world leaders and the UN took bribes from Saddam Hussein under the Oil for Food program.	523445
wiki20220301en020_101453	Lakhdar Brahimi	In May 2004, Brahimi was supposed to play a large advisory role in the appointment of candidates, which ended up selecting as Iraq's new interim President and Prime Minister: Ghazi Mashal Ajil al-Yawer and Iyad Allawi, respectively. However, Brahimi expressed serious disappointment and frustration about his role. "Bremer is the dictator of Iraq, He has the money. He has the signature. ... I will not say who was my first choice, and who was not my first choice ... I will remind you that the Americans are governing this country." According to a person who spoke with him, "He was very disappointed, very frustrated," al Dulame said. "I asked him why he didn't say that publicly (and) he said, 'I am the U.N. envoy to Iraq, how can I admit to failure?'" Brahimi announced his resignation, resulting from "great difficulties and frustration experienced during his assignment in Iraq", at the UN in New York on 12 June. While serving as the United Nations envoy to Iraq, he described Israel's	Lakhdar Brahimi. In May 2004, Brahimi was supposed to play a large advisory role in the appointment of candidates, which ended up selecting as Iraq's new interim President and Prime Minister: Ghazi Mashal Ajil al-Yawer and Iyad Allawi, respectively. However, Brahimi expressed serious disappointment and frustration about his role. "Bremer is the dictator of Iraq, He has the money. He has the signature. ... I will not say who was my first choice, and who was not my first choice ... I will remind you that the Americans are governing this country." According to a person who spoke with him, "He was very disappointed, very frustrated," al Dulame said. "I asked him why he didn't say that publicly (and) he said, 'I am the U.N. envoy to Iraq, how can I admit to failure?'" Brahimi announced his resignation, resulting from "great difficulties and frustration experienced during his assignment in Iraq", at the UN in New York on 12 June. While serving as the United Nations envoy to Iraq, he described Israel's	523445
wiki20220301en020_101454	Lakhdar Brahimi	from "great difficulties and frustration experienced during his assignment in Iraq", at the UN in New York on 12 June. While serving as the United Nations envoy to Iraq, he described Israel's policy towards the Palestinians as "the big poison in the region".	Lakhdar Brahimi. from "great difficulties and frustration experienced during his assignment in Iraq", at the UN in New York on 12 June. While serving as the United Nations envoy to Iraq, he described Israel's policy towards the Palestinians as "the big poison in the region".	523445
wiki20220301en020_101455	Lakhdar Brahimi	On 5 February 2008, the UN Secretary-General, Ban Ki Moon, appointed Brahimi to lead a panel investigation on United Nations staff security in the wake of the Algiers bombings of 11 December 2007. He was one of the founders of the French language Journal of Palestine Studies called La revue d'étude palestinienne. On 17 August 2012, Brahimi was appointed by the United Nations as the new peace envoy to Syria, replacing Kofi Annan. On 13 May 2014, UN Secretary General Ban Ki Moon announced that Brahimi would resign as the special envoy to Syria on 31 May 2014. Brahimi addressed a police academy in December 2016, expressing his wish that Algeria and Morocco should “leave the Sahara issue aside in an effort to build a communal economy based on exchange.” His statement caused shockwaves in Algeria. In March 2019, he is mandated by Abdelaziz Bouteflika to preside over the national conference that is to propose a new constitution and set the date of the presidential election.	Lakhdar Brahimi. On 5 February 2008, the UN Secretary-General, Ban Ki Moon, appointed Brahimi to lead a panel investigation on United Nations staff security in the wake of the Algiers bombings of 11 December 2007. He was one of the founders of the French language Journal of Palestine Studies called La revue d'étude palestinienne. On 17 August 2012, Brahimi was appointed by the United Nations as the new peace envoy to Syria, replacing Kofi Annan. On 13 May 2014, UN Secretary General Ban Ki Moon announced that Brahimi would resign as the special envoy to Syria on 31 May 2014. Brahimi addressed a police academy in December 2016, expressing his wish that Algeria and Morocco should “leave the Sahara issue aside in an effort to build a communal economy based on exchange.” His statement caused shockwaves in Algeria. In March 2019, he is mandated by Abdelaziz Bouteflika to preside over the national conference that is to propose a new constitution and set the date of the presidential election.	523445
wiki20220301en020_101456	Lakhdar Brahimi	In March 2019, he is mandated by Abdelaziz Bouteflika to preside over the national conference that is to propose a new constitution and set the date of the presidential election. Career history	Lakhdar Brahimi. In March 2019, he is mandated by Abdelaziz Bouteflika to preside over the national conference that is to propose a new constitution and set the date of the presidential election. Career history	523445
wiki20220301en020_101457	Lakhdar Brahimi	National Liberation Front Representative to Indonesia: 1956–1961 Ambassador to Egypt, Sudan and the Arab League: 1963–1970 Ambassador to the United Kingdom: 1971–1979 Diplomatic Adviser to the President: 1982–1984 Undersecretary General of the Arab League: 1984–1991 Arab League Special Envoy for Lebanon: 1989–1991 Foreign Minister of Algeria: 5 June 1991 – 3 February 1993 Rapporteur to the Earth Summit: 3 June 1992 – 14 June 1992 United Nations Special Envoy for South Africa: December 1993 – June 1994 United Nations Special Envoy for Haiti: 1994–1996 From 1996-1997, he also undertook a series of special missions to Zaire, Cameroon, Yemen, Burundi, Angola, Liberia, Nigeria, Sudan and Cote d'Ivoire on behalf of the United Nations. United Nations Special Envoy for Afghanistan: July 1997 – October 1999 Chairperson of the Independent Panel on United Nations Peace Operations: 7 March 2000 – 17 August 2000 United Nations Special Envoy for Afghanistan: 3 October 2001 – 31 December 2004	Lakhdar Brahimi. National Liberation Front Representative to Indonesia: 1956–1961 Ambassador to Egypt, Sudan and the Arab League: 1963–1970 Ambassador to the United Kingdom: 1971–1979 Diplomatic Adviser to the President: 1982–1984 Undersecretary General of the Arab League: 1984–1991 Arab League Special Envoy for Lebanon: 1989–1991 Foreign Minister of Algeria: 5 June 1991 – 3 February 1993 Rapporteur to the Earth Summit: 3 June 1992 – 14 June 1992 United Nations Special Envoy for South Africa: December 1993 – June 1994 United Nations Special Envoy for Haiti: 1994–1996 From 1996-1997, he also undertook a series of special missions to Zaire, Cameroon, Yemen, Burundi, Angola, Liberia, Nigeria, Sudan and Cote d'Ivoire on behalf of the United Nations. United Nations Special Envoy for Afghanistan: July 1997 – October 1999 Chairperson of the Independent Panel on United Nations Peace Operations: 7 March 2000 – 17 August 2000 United Nations Special Envoy for Afghanistan: 3 October 2001 – 31 December 2004	523445
wiki20220301en020_101458	Lakhdar Brahimi	Chairperson of the Independent Panel on United Nations Peace Operations: 7 March 2000 – 17 August 2000 United Nations Special Envoy for Afghanistan: 3 October 2001 – 31 December 2004 Chairperson of the Bonn Conference: 24 November 2001 – 5 December 2001 Special Adviser and Undersecretary General of the United Nations: 2004–2005 United Nations Special Envoy for Iraq: 1 January 2004 – 12 June 2004 Visiting Professor of the Institute for Advanced Study: 2006–2008 Member of The Elders: 2007–present Chairperson of the Independent Panel on Safety and Security of United Nations Personnel and Premises Worldwide: 5 February 2008 – 9 June 2008 United Nations and Arab League Special Envoy for Syria: 2012–2014	Lakhdar Brahimi. Chairperson of the Independent Panel on United Nations Peace Operations: 7 March 2000 – 17 August 2000 United Nations Special Envoy for Afghanistan: 3 October 2001 – 31 December 2004 Chairperson of the Bonn Conference: 24 November 2001 – 5 December 2001 Special Adviser and Undersecretary General of the United Nations: 2004–2005 United Nations Special Envoy for Iraq: 1 January 2004 – 12 June 2004 Visiting Professor of the Institute for Advanced Study: 2006–2008 Member of The Elders: 2007–present Chairperson of the Independent Panel on Safety and Security of United Nations Personnel and Premises Worldwide: 5 February 2008 – 9 June 2008 United Nations and Arab League Special Envoy for Syria: 2012–2014	523445
wiki20220301en020_101459	Lakhdar Brahimi	Honours and awards Honours Awards 2016 : Human Rights Prize of the National Consultative Commission for the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights (France) 2016 : Emir Abdelkader Prize for Living Together 2014 : Wateler Peace Prize 2011 : Laureate of the Special Jury Prize for Conflict Prevention laureate of the Special Jury Prize awarded by the Fondation Chirac 2008 : Four Freedoms Award 2006 : Hesse Peace Prize 2004 : Dag Hammarskjöld Medal of Honor Honorary degrees 2018 : Waseda University 2017 : University of Ottawa 2017 : University of Algiers 2016 : Sciences Po Personal life Brahimi is fluent in Arabic, French and English.	Lakhdar Brahimi. Honours and awards Honours Awards 2016 : Human Rights Prize of the National Consultative Commission for the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights (France) 2016 : Emir Abdelkader Prize for Living Together 2014 : Wateler Peace Prize 2011 : Laureate of the Special Jury Prize for Conflict Prevention laureate of the Special Jury Prize awarded by the Fondation Chirac 2008 : Four Freedoms Award 2006 : Hesse Peace Prize 2004 : Dag Hammarskjöld Medal of Honor Honorary degrees 2018 : Waseda University 2017 : University of Ottawa 2017 : University of Algiers 2016 : Sciences Po Personal life Brahimi is fluent in Arabic, French and English.	523445
wiki20220301en020_101460	Lakhdar Brahimi	Honorary degrees 2018 : Waseda University 2017 : University of Ottawa 2017 : University of Algiers 2016 : Sciences Po Personal life Brahimi is fluent in Arabic, French and English. He is married to Mila Bacic Brahimi, and has three children: Salah Brahimi is the CEO of Grey Matter International, a consultant company, located in Washington, DC, where he lives with his wife, Dr. Doaa Taha, and his two children; Princess Rym al-Ali, who was a CNN correspondent in Baghdad during the 2003 Iraq War, is married to Prince Ali bin Hussein. She lives in Amman, Jordan, with her husband and two children, Jalila and Abdullah ibn Ali; and Salem Brahimi, who lives in Paris, France, just a block away from his parents, with his wife Lawrence Brahimi, and his two children.	Lakhdar Brahimi. Honorary degrees 2018 : Waseda University 2017 : University of Ottawa 2017 : University of Algiers 2016 : Sciences Po Personal life Brahimi is fluent in Arabic, French and English. He is married to Mila Bacic Brahimi, and has three children: Salah Brahimi is the CEO of Grey Matter International, a consultant company, located in Washington, DC, where he lives with his wife, Dr. Doaa Taha, and his two children; Princess Rym al-Ali, who was a CNN correspondent in Baghdad during the 2003 Iraq War, is married to Prince Ali bin Hussein. She lives in Amman, Jordan, with her husband and two children, Jalila and Abdullah ibn Ali; and Salem Brahimi, who lives in Paris, France, just a block away from his parents, with his wife Lawrence Brahimi, and his two children.	523445
wiki20220301en020_101461	Lakhdar Brahimi	Published works Afghanistan: Negotiating Peace, New York, The Century Foundation Press, 2012. Arab–Israeli conflict (collectif work), Beirut, American University of Beirut, 2010. Guerres d'Aujourd'hui : Pourquoi ces conflits ? Peut on les résoudre ? (collectif work), Paris, Delavilla, 2008. Étude d'ensemble de toute la question des opérations de maintien de la paix sous tous leurs aspects, New York, Nations Unis, 2003. Rapport du Groupe d'étude sur les opérations de paix de l'ONU, New York, Nations Unis, 2000. References External links \|-	Lakhdar Brahimi. Published works Afghanistan: Negotiating Peace, New York, The Century Foundation Press, 2012. Arab–Israeli conflict (collectif work), Beirut, American University of Beirut, 2010. Guerres d'Aujourd'hui : Pourquoi ces conflits ? Peut on les résoudre ? (collectif work), Paris, Delavilla, 2008. Étude d'ensemble de toute la question des opérations de maintien de la paix sous tous leurs aspects, New York, Nations Unis, 2003. Rapport du Groupe d'étude sur les opérations de paix de l'ONU, New York, Nations Unis, 2000. References External links \|-	523445
wiki20220301en020_101462	Lakhdar Brahimi	References External links \|- 1934 births Living people People from Médéa Province Algerian officials of the United Nations Center for Contemporary Arab Studies faculty Foreign ministers of Algeria Members of the National Liberation Front (Algeria) Algerian Muslims Ambassadors of Algeria to Egypt Ambassadors of Algeria to Sudan Ambassadors of Algeria to the United Kingdom Government ministers of Algeria People involved in the Syrian peace process Recipients of the Four Freedoms Award Commandeurs of the Légion d'honneur Special Representatives of the Secretary-General of the United Nations	Lakhdar Brahimi. References External links \|- 1934 births Living people People from Médéa Province Algerian officials of the United Nations Center for Contemporary Arab Studies faculty Foreign ministers of Algeria Members of the National Liberation Front (Algeria) Algerian Muslims Ambassadors of Algeria to Egypt Ambassadors of Algeria to Sudan Ambassadors of Algeria to the United Kingdom Government ministers of Algeria People involved in the Syrian peace process Recipients of the Four Freedoms Award Commandeurs of the Légion d'honneur Special Representatives of the Secretary-General of the United Nations	523445
wiki20220301en020_101463	Advanced Communications Riser	The Advanced Communications Riser, or ACR, is a form factor and technical specification for PC motherboard expansion slots. It is meant as a supplement to PCI slots, a replacement for the original Audio/modem riser (AMR) slots, and a competitor and alternative to Intel's communications and networking riser (CNR) slots. Technology The ACR specification provides a lower cost method to connect certain expansion cards to a computer, with an emphasis on audio and communications devices. Sound cards and modems are the most common devices to use the specification. ACR and other riser cards lower hardware costs by offloading much of the computing tasks of the peripheral to the CPU.	Advanced Communications Riser. The Advanced Communications Riser, or ACR, is a form factor and technical specification for PC motherboard expansion slots. It is meant as a supplement to PCI slots, a replacement for the original Audio/modem riser (AMR) slots, and a competitor and alternative to Intel's communications and networking riser (CNR) slots. Technology The ACR specification provides a lower cost method to connect certain expansion cards to a computer, with an emphasis on audio and communications devices. Sound cards and modems are the most common devices to use the specification. ACR and other riser cards lower hardware costs by offloading much of the computing tasks of the peripheral to the CPU.	523456
wiki20220301en020_101464	Advanced Communications Riser	ACR uses a 120 pin PCI connector which is reversed and offset, retaining backward compatibility with 46 pin AMR cards while including support for newer technologies. It is also more cost-effective and simple for the manufacturer, since the connectors are identical to the PCI connectors already purchased in quantity. New features supported by ACR include standards for an EEPROM for storing model and vendor information, USB support, and the Integrated Packet Bus for digital subscriber line (DSL), cable modem, and wireless networking support. History The ACR specification was created by the Advanced Communications Riser Special Interest Group (ACR SIG) in 2000 with the intent to replace the AMR specification. Because it was backwards compatible with AMR cards, and technically superior, it quickly replaced it. ACR is rendered obsolete by discrete components mounted on the motherboard.	Advanced Communications Riser. ACR uses a 120 pin PCI connector which is reversed and offset, retaining backward compatibility with 46 pin AMR cards while including support for newer technologies. It is also more cost-effective and simple for the manufacturer, since the connectors are identical to the PCI connectors already purchased in quantity. New features supported by ACR include standards for an EEPROM for storing model and vendor information, USB support, and the Integrated Packet Bus for digital subscriber line (DSL), cable modem, and wireless networking support. History The ACR specification was created by the Advanced Communications Riser Special Interest Group (ACR SIG) in 2000 with the intent to replace the AMR specification. Because it was backwards compatible with AMR cards, and technically superior, it quickly replaced it. ACR is rendered obsolete by discrete components mounted on the motherboard.	523456
wiki20220301en020_101465	Advanced Communications Riser	ACR is rendered obsolete by discrete components mounted on the motherboard. See also Mobile Daughter Card (MDC), a version of ACR for mobile devices GeoPort, a similar standard for the Apple Macintosh Motherboard expansion slot	Advanced Communications Riser. ACR is rendered obsolete by discrete components mounted on the motherboard. See also Mobile Daughter Card (MDC), a version of ACR for mobile devices GeoPort, a similar standard for the Apple Macintosh Motherboard expansion slot	523456
wiki20220301en020_101466	Morotai Island Regency	Morotai Island Regency () is a regency of North Maluku province, Indonesia, located on Morotai Island. It covers an area of 2,337.15 km2. The population was 52,860 at the 2010 Census and 74,436 at the 2020 Census. History During the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, Morotai was generally within the sphere of influence of the powerful sultanate on the island of Ternate. It was the core of a larger region, called Moro, that included the island and the coastline of Halmahera closest to Morotai to the south.	Morotai Island Regency. Morotai Island Regency () is a regency of North Maluku province, Indonesia, located on Morotai Island. It covers an area of 2,337.15 km2. The population was 52,860 at the 2010 Census and 74,436 at the 2020 Census. History During the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, Morotai was generally within the sphere of influence of the powerful sultanate on the island of Ternate. It was the core of a larger region, called Moro, that included the island and the coastline of Halmahera closest to Morotai to the south.	523459