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NDQ_014178
technology that records ground movements caused by earthquakes
null
a. technology, b. technological design, c. engineer, d. constraint, e. sonar, f. seismometer, g. spectrometer
f
T_0823
image
textbook_images/measuring_and_predicting_earthquakes_20555.png
FIGURE 7.33 This seismograph records seismic waves.
0.332762
NDQ_014178
technology that records ground movements caused by earthquakes
null
a. technology, b. technological design, c. engineer, d. constraint, e. sonar, f. seismometer, g. spectrometer
f
T_0824
image
textbook_images/measuring_and_predicting_earthquakes_20556.png
FIGURE 7.34 These seismograms show the arrival of P- waves and S-waves. through liquid. So the liquid outer core creates an S-wave shadow zone on the opposite side of the Earth from the quake.
0.327425
NDQ_014178
technology that records ground movements caused by earthquakes
null
a. technology, b. technological design, c. engineer, d. constraint, e. sonar, f. seismometer, g. spectrometer
f
T_1409
image
textbook_images/measuring_earthquake_magnitude_20926.png
FIGURE 1.1
0.323649
NDQ_014178
technology that records ground movements caused by earthquakes
null
a. technology, b. technological design, c. engineer, d. constraint, e. sonar, f. seismometer, g. spectrometer
f
DQ_001721
image
question_images/seismic_waves_7555.png
seismic_waves_7555.png
0.322348
NDQ_014178
technology that records ground movements caused by earthquakes
null
a. technology, b. technological design, c. engineer, d. constraint, e. sonar, f. seismometer, g. spectrometer
f
DQ_001708
image
question_images/seismic_waves_7552.png
seismic_waves_7552.png
0.321127
NDQ_014178
technology that records ground movements caused by earthquakes
null
a. technology, b. technological design, c. engineer, d. constraint, e. sonar, f. seismometer, g. spectrometer
f
DQ_001997
image
question_images/faults_173.png
faults_173.png
0.320996
NDQ_014178
technology that records ground movements caused by earthquakes
null
a. technology, b. technological design, c. engineer, d. constraint, e. sonar, f. seismometer, g. spectrometer
f
DD_0052
image
teaching_images/seismic_waves_7551.png
The diagram illustrates the cross section of the Earth's crust and what causes Earthquakes. A Fault is a fracture in the EarthÕs crust separating two blocks of the Earth's crust that slide against one another during an earthquake. The Epicenter is the point on the EarthÕs surface located directly over the Focus, where the most violent tremors are felt. The Focus is also a point in the EarthÕs crust where an earthquake is triggered. Also called the Hypocenter. Shown also are the Wave fronts or seismic waves which is a series of vibrations generated at the focus that disperse in all directions, causing shaking of the EarthÕs surface. A fault scarp is a small step or offset on the ground surface where one side of a fault has moved vertically with respect to the other. They are characterized by uneven landscapes. Fault scarps may be only a few centimeters or many meters high.
0.32084
NDQ_014178
technology that records ground movements caused by earthquakes
null
a. technology, b. technological design, c. engineer, d. constraint, e. sonar, f. seismometer, g. spectrometer
f
DQ_001434
image
abc_question_images/seismic_waves_18192.png
seismic_waves_18192.png
0.320049
NDQ_014178
technology that records ground movements caused by earthquakes
null
a. technology, b. technological design, c. engineer, d. constraint, e. sonar, f. seismometer, g. spectrometer
f
DQ_001985
image
question_images/faults_1704.png
faults_1704.png
0.31767
NDQ_014178
technology that records ground movements caused by earthquakes
null
a. technology, b. technological design, c. engineer, d. constraint, e. sonar, f. seismometer, g. spectrometer
f
DQ_001699
image
question_images/seismic_waves_1705.png
seismic_waves_1705.png
0.31751
NDQ_014178
technology that records ground movements caused by earthquakes
null
a. technology, b. technological design, c. engineer, d. constraint, e. sonar, f. seismometer, g. spectrometer
f
T_1080
text
null
An earthquake is sudden ground movement caused by the sudden release of energy stored in rocks. Earthquakes happen when so much stress builds up in the rocks that the rocks rupture. The energy is transmitted by seismic waves. Earthquakes can be so small they go completely unnoticed, or so large that it can take years for a region to recover.
0.768116
NDQ_014178
technology that records ground movements caused by earthquakes
null
a. technology, b. technological design, c. engineer, d. constraint, e. sonar, f. seismometer, g. spectrometer
f
T_1648
text
null
People have always tried to quantify the size of and damage done by earthquakes. Since early in the 20th century, there have been three methods. What are the strengths and weaknesses of each?
0.757276
NDQ_014178
technology that records ground movements caused by earthquakes
null
a. technology, b. technological design, c. engineer, d. constraint, e. sonar, f. seismometer, g. spectrometer
f
T_0804
text
null
Where an earthquake takes place is described by its focus and epicenter.
0.749479
NDQ_014178
technology that records ground movements caused by earthquakes
null
a. technology, b. technological design, c. engineer, d. constraint, e. sonar, f. seismometer, g. spectrometer
f
T_1566
text
null
Scientists are a long way from being able to predict earthquakes. A good prediction must be detailed and accurate. Where will the earthquake occur? When will it occur? What will be the magnitude of the quake? With a good prediction authorities could get people to evacuate. An unnecessary evacuation is expensive and causes people not to believe authorities the next time an evacuation is ordered.
0.742382
NDQ_014178
technology that records ground movements caused by earthquakes
null
a. technology, b. technological design, c. engineer, d. constraint, e. sonar, f. seismometer, g. spectrometer
f
T_0813
text
null
Seismic waves are the energy from earthquakes. Seismic waves move outward in all directions away from their source. Each type of seismic wave travels at different speeds in different materials. All seismic waves travel through rock, but not all travel through liquid or gas. Geologists study seismic waves to learn about earthquakes and the Earths interior.
0.737246
NDQ_014178
technology that records ground movements caused by earthquakes
null
a. technology, b. technological design, c. engineer, d. constraint, e. sonar, f. seismometer, g. spectrometer
f
T_1096
text
null
Deadly earthquakes occur at transform plate boundaries. Transform faults have shallow focus earthquakes. Why do you think this is so?
0.731871
NDQ_014178
technology that records ground movements caused by earthquakes
null
a. technology, b. technological design, c. engineer, d. constraint, e. sonar, f. seismometer, g. spectrometer
f
T_0815
text
null
There are two major types of seismic waves. Body waves travel through the Earths interior. Surface waves travel along the ground surface. In an earthquake, body waves are responsible for sharp jolts. Surface waves are responsible for rolling motions that do most of the damage in an earthquake.
0.728148
NDQ_014178
technology that records ground movements caused by earthquakes
null
a. technology, b. technological design, c. engineer, d. constraint, e. sonar, f. seismometer, g. spectrometer
f
T_1649
text
null
Earthquakes are described in terms of what nearby residents felt and the damage that was done to nearby structures. What factors would go into determining the damage that was done and what the residents felt in a region?
0.727592
NDQ_014178
technology that records ground movements caused by earthquakes
null
a. technology, b. technological design, c. engineer, d. constraint, e. sonar, f. seismometer, g. spectrometer
f
T_0822
text
null
Seismic waves are measured on a seismograph. Seismographs contain a lot of information, and not just about earthquakes.
0.716444
NDQ_014178
technology that records ground movements caused by earthquakes
null
a. technology, b. technological design, c. engineer, d. constraint, e. sonar, f. seismometer, g. spectrometer
f
T_0811
text
null
Earthquakes also occur at divergent plate boundaries. At mid-ocean ridges, these earthquakes tend to be small and shallow focus because the plates are thin, young, and hot. Earthquakes in the oceans are usually far from land, so they have little effect on peoples lives. On land, where continents are rifting apart, earthquakes are larger and stronger.
0.709498
NDQ_014179
development of new technology
null
a. technology, b. technological design, c. engineer, d. constraint, e. sonar, f. seismometer, g. spectrometer
b
T_4912
image
textbook_images/technology_and_science_23109.png
FIGURE 1.3
0.2404
NDQ_014179
development of new technology
null
a. technology, b. technological design, c. engineer, d. constraint, e. sonar, f. seismometer, g. spectrometer
b
DQ_011445
image
question_images/electromagnetism_6791.png
electromagnetism_6791.png
0.236703
NDQ_014179
development of new technology
null
a. technology, b. technological design, c. engineer, d. constraint, e. sonar, f. seismometer, g. spectrometer
b
T_4399
image
textbook_images/electronic_device_22814.png
FIGURE 1.1
0.232706
NDQ_014179
development of new technology
null
a. technology, b. technological design, c. engineer, d. constraint, e. sonar, f. seismometer, g. spectrometer
b
T_3882
image
textbook_images/electronics_22483.png
FIGURE 23.22 This illustration shows how the parts of a computer fit together.
0.227839
NDQ_014179
development of new technology
null
a. technology, b. technological design, c. engineer, d. constraint, e. sonar, f. seismometer, g. spectrometer
b
T_4916
image
textbook_images/technology_careers_23112.png
FIGURE 1.1
0.22589
NDQ_014179
development of new technology
null
a. technology, b. technological design, c. engineer, d. constraint, e. sonar, f. seismometer, g. spectrometer
b
T_0502
image
textbook_images/early_space_exploration_20348.png
FIGURE 23.14 Robert Goddard with the first American rocket to use liquid fuel. This rocket was launched in 1926.
0.220968
NDQ_014179
development of new technology
null
a. technology, b. technological design, c. engineer, d. constraint, e. sonar, f. seismometer, g. spectrometer
b
T_0348
image
textbook_images/the_human_population_20224.png
FIGURE 18.17 Growth of the human population. Until recently, the human population grew very slowly.
0.21512
NDQ_014179
development of new technology
null
a. technology, b. technological design, c. engineer, d. constraint, e. sonar, f. seismometer, g. spectrometer
b
DQ_007886
image
question_images/blastocyst_9025.png
blastocyst_9025.png
0.20772
NDQ_014179
development of new technology
null
a. technology, b. technological design, c. engineer, d. constraint, e. sonar, f. seismometer, g. spectrometer
b
DQ_005064
image
question_images/life_cycles_2257.png
life_cycles_2257.png
0.20485
NDQ_014179
development of new technology
null
a. technology, b. technological design, c. engineer, d. constraint, e. sonar, f. seismometer, g. spectrometer
b
DQ_005163
image
question_images/life_cycles_2373.png
life_cycles_2373.png
0.204738
NDQ_014179
development of new technology
null
a. technology, b. technological design, c. engineer, d. constraint, e. sonar, f. seismometer, g. spectrometer
b
T_3762
text
null
The development of new technology is called technological design. It is similar to scientific investigation. Both processes use evidence and logic to solve problems.
0.714325
NDQ_014179
development of new technology
null
a. technology, b. technological design, c. engineer, d. constraint, e. sonar, f. seismometer, g. spectrometer
b
T_2579
text
null
Treating genetic disorders is one use of biotechnology. Biotechnology is the use of technology to change the genetic makeup of living things for human purposes. Its also called genetic engineering. Besides treating genetic disorders, biotechnology is used to change organisms so they are more useful to people.
0.530428
NDQ_014179
development of new technology
null
a. technology, b. technological design, c. engineer, d. constraint, e. sonar, f. seismometer, g. spectrometer
b
T_2534
text
null
Both types of reproduction have certain advantages.
0.50545
NDQ_014179
development of new technology
null
a. technology, b. technological design, c. engineer, d. constraint, e. sonar, f. seismometer, g. spectrometer
b
T_3382
text
null
Modern science is a way of understanding the physical world, based on observable evidence, reasoning, and repeated testing. That means scientists explain the world based on their own observations. If they develop new ideas about the way the world works, they set up a way to test these new ideas.
0.503101
NDQ_014179
development of new technology
null
a. technology, b. technological design, c. engineer, d. constraint, e. sonar, f. seismometer, g. spectrometer
b
T_3907
text
null
Two important devices depend on electromagnetic induction: electric generators and electric transformers. Both devices play critical roles in producing and regulating the electric current we depend on in our daily lives.
0.500598
NDQ_014179
development of new technology
null
a. technology, b. technological design, c. engineer, d. constraint, e. sonar, f. seismometer, g. spectrometer
b
T_3871
text
null
We use electricity for many purposes. Devices such as lights, stoves, and stereos all use electricity and convert it to energy in other forms. However, devices may vary in how quickly they change electricity to other forms of energy.
0.498255
NDQ_014179
development of new technology
null
a. technology, b. technological design, c. engineer, d. constraint, e. sonar, f. seismometer, g. spectrometer
b
T_4644
text
null
Science is more about gaining knowledge than it is about simply having knowledge. Science is a way of learning about the natural world that is based on evidence and logic. In other words, science is a process, not just a body of facts. Through the process of science, our knowledge of the world advances.
0.495947
NDQ_014179
development of new technology
null
a. technology, b. technological design, c. engineer, d. constraint, e. sonar, f. seismometer, g. spectrometer
b
T_0726
text
null
Nuclear energy is produced by splitting the nucleus of an atom. This releases a huge amount of energy.
0.490484
NDQ_014179
development of new technology
null
a. technology, b. technological design, c. engineer, d. constraint, e. sonar, f. seismometer, g. spectrometer
b
T_2573
text
null
A species genome consists of all of its genetic information. The human genome consists of the complete set of genes in the human organism. Its all the DNA of a human being.
0.485686
NDQ_014179
development of new technology
null
a. technology, b. technological design, c. engineer, d. constraint, e. sonar, f. seismometer, g. spectrometer
b
T_4844
text
null
An electric circuit consists of at least one closed loop through which electric current can flow. Every circuit has a voltage source such as a battery and a conductor such as metal wire. A circuit may have other parts as well, such as lights and switches. In addition, a circuit may consist of one loop or two loops.
0.482663
NDQ_014180
application of knowledge to real-world problems
null
a. technology, b. technological design, c. engineer, d. constraint, e. sonar, f. seismometer, g. spectrometer
a
DQ_001254
image
question_images/cycle_rock_6728.png
cycle_rock_6728.png
0.239048
NDQ_014180
application of knowledge to real-world problems
null
a. technology, b. technological design, c. engineer, d. constraint, e. sonar, f. seismometer, g. spectrometer
a
T_3763
image
textbook_images/technology_22404.png
FIGURE 2.13 This flowchart represents the process of technological design. How does the tech- nological design process resemble a sci- entific investigation?
0.227291
NDQ_014180
application of knowledge to real-world problems
null
a. technology, b. technological design, c. engineer, d. constraint, e. sonar, f. seismometer, g. spectrometer
a
T_5014
image
textbook_images/work_23180.png
FIGURE 1.1
0.227251
NDQ_014180
application of knowledge to real-world problems
null
a. technology, b. technological design, c. engineer, d. constraint, e. sonar, f. seismometer, g. spectrometer
a
T_4909
image
textbook_images/technological_design_process_23106.png
FIGURE 1.1
0.227018
NDQ_014180
application of knowledge to real-world problems
null
a. technology, b. technological design, c. engineer, d. constraint, e. sonar, f. seismometer, g. spectrometer
a
DQ_002882
image
abc_question_images/seasons_11357.png
seasons_11357.png
0.224738
NDQ_014180
application of knowledge to real-world problems
null
a. technology, b. technological design, c. engineer, d. constraint, e. sonar, f. seismometer, g. spectrometer
a
DQ_008502
image
question_images/food_chains_webs_6038.png
food_chains_webs_6038.png
0.216981
NDQ_014180
application of knowledge to real-world problems
null
a. technology, b. technological design, c. engineer, d. constraint, e. sonar, f. seismometer, g. spectrometer
a
T_3628
image
textbook_images/work_22307.png
FIGURE 16.2 Carrying a box while walking does not result in work being done. Work is done only when the box is first lifted up from the ground. Can you explain why?
0.212315
NDQ_014180
application of knowledge to real-world problems
null
a. technology, b. technological design, c. engineer, d. constraint, e. sonar, f. seismometer, g. spectrometer
a
T_4511
image
textbook_images/hydrocarbons_22886.png
FIGURE 1.1
0.21193
NDQ_014180
application of knowledge to real-world problems
null
a. technology, b. technological design, c. engineer, d. constraint, e. sonar, f. seismometer, g. spectrometer
a
T_1758
image
textbook_images/testing_hypotheses_21155.png
FIGURE 1.1 Click image to the left or use the URL below. URL: https://www.ck12.org/flx/render/embeddedobject/185963
0.2113
NDQ_014180
application of knowledge to real-world problems
null
a. technology, b. technological design, c. engineer, d. constraint, e. sonar, f. seismometer, g. spectrometer
a
DQ_002892
image
abc_question_images/seasons_12629.png
seasons_12629.png
0.209789
NDQ_014180
application of knowledge to real-world problems
null
a. technology, b. technological design, c. engineer, d. constraint, e. sonar, f. seismometer, g. spectrometer
a
T_4644
text
null
Science is more about gaining knowledge than it is about simply having knowledge. Science is a way of learning about the natural world that is based on evidence and logic. In other words, science is a process, not just a body of facts. Through the process of science, our knowledge of the world advances.
0.664605
NDQ_014180
application of knowledge to real-world problems
null
a. technology, b. technological design, c. engineer, d. constraint, e. sonar, f. seismometer, g. spectrometer
a
T_4830
text
null
Investigations are at the heart of science. They are how scientists add to scientific knowledge and gain a better understanding of the world. Scientific investigations produce evidence that helps answer questions. Even if the evidence cannot provide answers, it may still be useful. It may lead to new questions for investigation. As more knowledge is discovered, science advances.
0.580445
NDQ_014180
application of knowledge to real-world problems
null
a. technology, b. technological design, c. engineer, d. constraint, e. sonar, f. seismometer, g. spectrometer
a
T_2579
text
null
Treating genetic disorders is one use of biotechnology. Biotechnology is the use of technology to change the genetic makeup of living things for human purposes. Its also called genetic engineering. Besides treating genetic disorders, biotechnology is used to change organisms so they are more useful to people.
0.578508
NDQ_014180
application of knowledge to real-world problems
null
a. technology, b. technological design, c. engineer, d. constraint, e. sonar, f. seismometer, g. spectrometer
a
T_1106
text
null
Despite these problems, there is a rich fossil record. How does an organism become fossilized?
0.568292
NDQ_014180
application of knowledge to real-world problems
null
a. technology, b. technological design, c. engineer, d. constraint, e. sonar, f. seismometer, g. spectrometer
a
T_0897
text
null
Soil is a renewable resource. But it is only renewable if we take care of it. Natural events can degrade soil. These events include droughts, floods, insect plagues, or diseases that damage soil ecosystems. Human activities can also degrade soil. There are many ways in which people neglect or abuse this important resource.
0.567847
NDQ_014180
application of knowledge to real-world problems
null
a. technology, b. technological design, c. engineer, d. constraint, e. sonar, f. seismometer, g. spectrometer
a
T_1600
text
null
Water pollution can be reduced in two ways: Keep the water from becoming polluted. Clean water that is already polluted.
0.566957
NDQ_014180
application of knowledge to real-world problems
null
a. technology, b. technological design, c. engineer, d. constraint, e. sonar, f. seismometer, g. spectrometer
a
T_1698
text
null
How well soil forms and what type of soil forms depends on several different factors, which are described below.
0.563382
NDQ_014180
application of knowledge to real-world problems
null
a. technology, b. technological design, c. engineer, d. constraint, e. sonar, f. seismometer, g. spectrometer
a
T_3382
text
null
Modern science is a way of understanding the physical world, based on observable evidence, reasoning, and repeated testing. That means scientists explain the world based on their own observations. If they develop new ideas about the way the world works, they set up a way to test these new ideas.
0.562906
NDQ_014180
application of knowledge to real-world problems
null
a. technology, b. technological design, c. engineer, d. constraint, e. sonar, f. seismometer, g. spectrometer
a
T_0638
text
null
To understand minerals, we must first understand matter. Matter is the substance that physical objects are made of.
0.561626
NDQ_014180
application of knowledge to real-world problems
null
a. technology, b. technological design, c. engineer, d. constraint, e. sonar, f. seismometer, g. spectrometer
a
T_3762
text
null
The development of new technology is called technological design. It is similar to scientific investigation. Both processes use evidence and logic to solve problems.
0.55846
NDQ_014181
technology that uses sound waves to map the ocean floor
null
a. technology, b. technological design, c. engineer, d. constraint, e. sonar, f. seismometer, g. spectrometer
e
T_0183
image
textbook_images/the_ocean_floor_20122.png
FIGURE 14.19 Sound waves travel through ocean water, but they bounce off the ocean floor. They move through ocean water at a known speed. Can you use these facts to explain how sonar works?
0.39994
NDQ_014181
technology that uses sound waves to map the ocean floor
null
a. technology, b. technological design, c. engineer, d. constraint, e. sonar, f. seismometer, g. spectrometer
e
T_0766
image
textbook_images/seafloor_spreading_20504.png
FIGURE 6.9 A ship sends out sound waves to create a picture of the seafloor below it. The echo sounder pictured has many beams and as a result it creates a three dimen- sional map of the seafloor beneath the ship. Early echo sounders had only a single beam and created a line of depth measurements.
0.349623
NDQ_014181
technology that uses sound waves to map the ocean floor
null
a. technology, b. technological design, c. engineer, d. constraint, e. sonar, f. seismometer, g. spectrometer
e
T_0373
image
textbook_images/introduction_to_earths_surface_20250.png
FIGURE 2.10 A chain of seamounts off the coast of New England (left). Oceanographers mapped one of these seamounts, called Bear Seamount, in great detail (right).
0.328852
NDQ_014181
technology that uses sound waves to map the ocean floor
null
a. technology, b. technological design, c. engineer, d. constraint, e. sonar, f. seismometer, g. spectrometer
e
T_0842
image
textbook_images/volcanic_activity_20568.png
FIGURE 8.4 A bathymetric map of Loihi seamount. Loihi will be the next shield volcano in the Hawaiian-Emperor chain.
0.32519
NDQ_014181
technology that uses sound waves to map the ocean floor
null
a. technology, b. technological design, c. engineer, d. constraint, e. sonar, f. seismometer, g. spectrometer
e
T_1046
image
textbook_images/deep_ocean_currents_20688.png
FIGURE 1.2
0.321139
NDQ_014181
technology that uses sound waves to map the ocean floor
null
a. technology, b. technological design, c. engineer, d. constraint, e. sonar, f. seismometer, g. spectrometer
e
DQ_000415
image
question_images/parts_ocean_floor_7241.png
parts_ocean_floor_7241.png
0.318119
NDQ_014181
technology that uses sound waves to map the ocean floor
null
a. technology, b. technological design, c. engineer, d. constraint, e. sonar, f. seismometer, g. spectrometer
e
T_0373
image
textbook_images/introduction_to_earths_surface_20251.png
FIGURE 2.11 Map of the mid-ocean ridge system (yellow-green) in Earths oceans.
0.317207
NDQ_014181
technology that uses sound waves to map the ocean floor
null
a. technology, b. technological design, c. engineer, d. constraint, e. sonar, f. seismometer, g. spectrometer
e
T_0185
image
textbook_images/the_ocean_floor_20125.png
FIGURE 14.22 The features of the ocean floor. This dia- gram has a lot of vertical exaggeration.
0.313171
NDQ_014181
technology that uses sound waves to map the ocean floor
null
a. technology, b. technological design, c. engineer, d. constraint, e. sonar, f. seismometer, g. spectrometer
e
T_0841
image
textbook_images/volcanic_activity_20566.png
FIGURE 8.2 The Pacific Ocean basin is a good place to look for volcanoes. The light blue wavy line that goes up the right-center of the diagram is the East Pacific Rise. Trenches due to subduction are on the west and east sides of the plate. Hawaii trends southeast-northwest near the center-top of the image.
0.310568
NDQ_014181
technology that uses sound waves to map the ocean floor
null
a. technology, b. technological design, c. engineer, d. constraint, e. sonar, f. seismometer, g. spectrometer
e
T_1394
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textbook_images/magnetic_evidence_for_seafloor_spreading_20913.png
FIGURE 1.2
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Scientists study the ocean floor in various ways. Scientists or their devices may actually travel to the ocean floor. Or they may study the ocean floor from the surface. One way is with a tool called sonar.
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Waves have been discussed in previous concepts in several contexts: seismic waves traveling through the planet, sound waves traveling through seawater, and ocean waves eroding beaches. Waves transfer energy, and the size of a wave and the distance it travels depends on the amount of energy that it carries. This concept studies the most familiar waves, those on the oceans surface.
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The ocean floor is home to many species of living things. Some from shallow water are used by people for food. Clams and some fish are among the many foods we get from the ocean floor. Some living things on the ocean floor are sources of human medicines. For example, certain bacteria on the ocean floor produce chemicals that fight cancer.
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The ocean floor is rich in resources. The resources include both living and nonliving things.
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There are two major types of seismic waves. Body waves travel through the Earths interior. Surface waves travel along the ground surface. In an earthquake, body waves are responsible for sharp jolts. Surface waves are responsible for rolling motions that do most of the damage in an earthquake.
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Tsunami are deadly ocean waves from the sharp jolt of an undersea earthquake. Less frequently, these waves can be generated by other shocks to the sea, like a meteorite impact. Fortunately, few undersea earthquakes, and even fewer meteorite impacts, generate tsunami.
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Seismic waves are the energy from earthquakes. Seismic waves move outward in all directions away from their source. Each type of seismic wave travels at different speeds in different materials. All seismic waves travel through rock, but not all travel through liquid or gas. Geologists study seismic waves to learn about earthquakes and the Earths interior.
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Oceanography is the study of everything in the ocean environment, which covers about 70% of the Earths surface. Recent technology has allowed people and probes to venture to the deepest parts of the ocean, but much of the ocean remains unexplored. Marine geologists learn about the rocks and geologic processes of the ocean basins.
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Seismic waves are measured on a seismograph. Seismographs contain a lot of information, and not just about earthquakes.
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Although all electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed, they may differ in their wavelength and frequency.
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As time increases, distance increases as well. Over time, there is a steady speed and then a straight line indicates a stationary moment in time. It then returns to the start.
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FIGURE 1.5
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FIGURE 22.22 A laser light uses two concave mirrors to focus photons of colored light.
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The development of new technology is called technological design. It is similar to scientific investigation. Both processes use evidence and logic to solve problems.
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The goal of technology is to solve peoples problems. Therefore, the problems of society generally set the direction that technology takes. Technology, in turn, affects society. It may make peoples lives easier or healthier. Two examples are described in Figure 2.15. You can read about other examples at these URLs: http://mezocore.wordpress.com/
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Examples of machines that increase the distance over which force is applied are leaf rakes and hammers (see Figure which the force is applied, but it reduces the strength of the force.
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How fast or slow something moves is its speed. Speed determines how far something travels in a given amount of time. The SI unit for speed is meters per second (m/s). Speed may be constant, but often it varies from moment to moment.
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Individuals dont evolve. Their alleles dont change over time. The unit of microevolution is the population.
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An electric circuit consists of at least one closed loop through which electric current can flow. Every circuit has a voltage source such as a battery and a conductor such as metal wire. A circuit may have other parts as well, such as lights and switches. In addition, a circuit may consist of one loop or two loops.
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Newtons third law of motion is just one of many scientific laws. A scientific law is a statement describing what always happens under certain conditions. Other examples of laws in physical science include: Newtons first law of motion Newtons second law of motion Newtons law of universal gravitation Law of conservation of mass Law of conservation of energy Law of conservation of momentum
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A combustion engine is a complex machine that burns fuel to produce thermal energy and then uses the thermal energy to do work. There are two types of combustion engines: external and internal. A steam engine is an external combustion engine.
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Distance is the length of the route between two points. The distance of a race, for example, is the length of the track between the starting and finishing lines. In a 100-meter sprint, that distance is 100 meters.
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Treating genetic disorders is one use of biotechnology. Biotechnology is the use of technology to change the genetic makeup of living things for human purposes. Its also called genetic engineering. Besides treating genetic disorders, biotechnology is used to change organisms so they are more useful to people.
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