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8,900 | NDQ_004619 | fossil fuel reserves | the environmental consequences of obtaining energy from tar sands include | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Pumping the sands in pipelines that go for thousands of miles., b. Freezing the sands so that they can be mined as solids, which uses energy., c. Using a lot of water that must be heated, plus caustic chemicals., d. None of the above | c |
8,901 | NDQ_004620 | fresh water ecosystems | freshwater ecosystems include lakes, ponds, streams and wetlands. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. True, b. False | a |
8,902 | NDQ_004621 | fresh water ecosystems | __________________ is the study of bodies of freshwater and the organisms that live there. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Lakeology, b. Oceanography, c. Limnology, d. Biology | c |
8,903 | NDQ_004622 | fresh water ecosystems | which of these organisms would you not find in the deep-water zone of a lake? | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Fungi, b. Catfish, c. Bacteria, d. Photosynthesizers | d |
8,904 | NDQ_004623 | fresh water ecosystems | the sloped side of a lake where sunlight penetrates is the | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Aphotic zone, b. Photic zone, c. Littoral Zone, d. Limnetic Zone | c |
8,905 | NDQ_004624 | fresh water ecosystems | wetlands are | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Worthless swamps., b. The only home for some specialized species., c. Lands that are at the edges of the ocean., d. All of the above | b |
8,906 | NDQ_004625 | fresh water ecosystems | marshes are distinctive because | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. They have lots of trees., b. Grasses and reeds are common., c. Reptiles have high biodiversity., d. All of the above. | b |
8,907 | NDQ_004626 | fresh water ecosystems | swamps are distinctive because | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. They can have freshwater, salt water or a mixture of both., b. They are only infrequently inundated with water., c. They have grasses and reeds, but few trees., d. All of these. | a |
8,908 | NDQ_004627 | fresh water ecosystems | wetlands make up more than 30% of the land in the u.s. but have only 5% of the plant types. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. True, b. False | b |
8,909 | NDQ_004628 | fresh water ecosystems | wetlands never contain more than a few trees. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. True, b. False | b |
8,910 | NDQ_004629 | fresh water ecosystems | wetlands have important roles in the ecology of an area. for example, they | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Trap and use fertilizer so that it doesn’t contaminate another water body., b. Naturally purify water., c. Are home to many endangered species., d. All of the above. | d |
8,911 | NDQ_004630 | galaxies | galaxies can contain billions or trillions of stars. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. True, b. False | a |
8,912 | NDQ_004631 | galaxies | earth is a part of the _____________. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Sombrero Galaxy, b. Milky Way Galaxy, c. Andromeda Galaxy, d. Pinwheel Galaxy | b |
8,913 | NDQ_004632 | galaxies | the closest galaxy to us is the ____________. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Sombrero Galaxy, b. Milky Way Galaxy, c. Andromeda Galaxy, d. Pinwheel Galaxy | c |
8,914 | NDQ_004633 | galaxies | which of these is not a type of galaxy? | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Spiral, b. Elliptical, c. Irregular, d. Circular | d |
8,915 | NDQ_004634 | galaxies | what is true about spiral galaxies? | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. They appear as a rotating disk of stars., b. They appear to have a bulge in the middle., c. They have spiral arms., d. All of the above. | d |
8,916 | NDQ_004635 | galaxies | the arms in a spiral galaxy tend to be __________ because they contain __________. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Red; old stars, b. Yellow; middle-aged stars, c. Blue; young stars, d. All colors; all age stars | c |
8,917 | NDQ_004636 | galaxies | irregular galaxies may be deformed by gravitational attraction to another galaxy. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. True, b. False | a |
8,918 | NDQ_004638 | galaxies | an elliptical galaxy | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Does not contain dust because the dust has come together to form stars., b. May contain dust if it has collided with another galaxy of similar size., c. Is likely to be reddish to yellowish because it contains mostly old stars., d. All of the above. | d |
8,919 | NDQ_004639 | galaxies | what is true about dwarf galaxies? | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. They are relatively small and dim., b. They are all irregular in shape., c. They may merge with other galaxies., d. All of the above. | a |
8,920 | NDQ_004640 | geologic time scale | the geologic time scale was originally based | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Entirely on absolute ages., b. On a mix of relative and absolute ages., c. Entirely on relative ages., d. On random events. | c |
8,921 | NDQ_004641 | geologic time scale | time units on the geologic time scale are | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Divided into 10 million year blocks., b. Separated by important events in geological or biological history., c. Divided using absolute age dates., d. Separated by distinctive rock units. | b |
8,922 | NDQ_004642 | geologic time scale | we live in the holocene epoch, as well as the | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Quaternary period, b. Cenozoic Era, c. Phanerozoic Eon, d. All of the above | d |
8,923 | NDQ_004643 | geologic time scale | if earth history is condensed into one calendar year, dinosaurs appear | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. In late February., b. In mid-September., c. In mid-December., d. On the night of December 31st. | c |
8,924 | NDQ_004644 | geologic time scale | if earth history is condensed into one calendar year, the first modern humans appear | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. In late September., b. In mid-November, c. In mid-December., d. On the night of December 31st. | d |
8,925 | NDQ_004645 | geologic time scale | naming time periods makes it easier to talk about them. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. True, b. False | a |
8,926 | NDQ_004646 | geologic time scale | about 1/8 of earth history passed before the explosion of life forms in the cambrian. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. True, b. False | b |
8,927 | NDQ_004647 | geologic time scale | many of the blocks of time on the geologic time scale were named for | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Nearby towns where the rock layer from that time were found., b. Locations in North America., c. The geologists who worked in those rock sections., d. All of these. | a |
8,928 | NDQ_004648 | geologic time scale | eon, era, period, epoch is the order from the largest amount of time to the smallest amount of time. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. True, b. False | a |
8,929 | NDQ_004649 | geologic time scale | compared with older time periods, more recent time periods on the geologic time scale | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Are divided into more segments., b. Are about as well understood., c. Are more difficult to learn about., d. All of these. | a |
8,930 | NDQ_004650 | geological stresses | force per unit area that is placed on an object. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Strain, b. Pressure, c. Stress, d. Deformation | c |
8,931 | NDQ_004651 | geological stresses | a rocks response to stress depends on | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. The type of rock and the type of stress, b. The surrounding temperature, c. The amount of time the rock is under stress, d. All of the above | d |
8,932 | NDQ_004652 | geological stresses | rocks that are pulled apart are under | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Tension, b. Shearing, c. Compression, d. Confining | a |
8,933 | NDQ_004653 | geological stresses | parallel forces moving in opposite directions are | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Tension, b. Shear, c. Compression, d. Confining Stress | b |
8,934 | NDQ_004654 | geological stresses | a sudden stress is more likely to make a rock fracture than a show increasing stress. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. True, b. False | a |
8,935 | NDQ_004655 | geological stresses | stress that causes a material to change its shape is called | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Elasticity, b. Plasticity, c. Fracture, d. Deformation | d |
8,936 | NDQ_004656 | geological stresses | rock that returns to its original shape when the stress is removed. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Fracture, b. Plastic deformation, c. Elastic deformation, d. Shearing | c |
8,937 | NDQ_004657 | geological stresses | rocks that break under a lot of stress. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Fracture, b. Plastic deformation, c. Elastic deformation, d. Shearing | a |
8,938 | NDQ_004658 | geological stresses | tension occurs at divergent boundaries. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. True, b. False | a |
8,939 | NDQ_004659 | geological stresses | this type of stress occurs at convergent boundaries. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Shearing, b. Compression, c. Tension, d. No stress | b |
8,940 | NDQ_004660 | geothermal power | california is the best developed location in the u.s. for geothermal energy because | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. It is geologically active and heat sources are close to the surface., b. The state has the technology to drill deeply to get to the hot rock., c. It is the location of Yellowstone National Park., d. None of these. | a |
8,941 | NDQ_004661 | geothermal power | where does geothermal energy come from? | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Outer space, b. Earth’s internal heat, c. The water cycle, d. The sun | b |
8,942 | NDQ_004662 | geothermal power | to harness geothermal energy, | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Plants must be built where hot water rises to the surface., b. Cool water is pumped to depth and warm water is pumped back up., c. Steam rises to spin a turbine., d. All of these. | d |
8,943 | NDQ_004663 | geothermal power | electricity is generated at a hydrothermal plant when | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Hot water passes downstream through a turbine., b. Hot water travels through pipes and into homes for heat and electricity., c. Steam from a geothermal well spins a turbine., d. None of these. | c |
8,944 | NDQ_004664 | geothermal power | geothermal energy creates greenhouse gases and other pollutants. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. True, b. False | b |
8,945 | NDQ_004665 | geothermal power | at any geothermal plant, the energy will run out as cold water cools the hot rock. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. True, b. False | b |
8,946 | NDQ_004666 | geothermal power | this country gets about one fourth of its electricity from geothermal sources. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. China, b. Turkey, c. Iceland, d. Nigeria | c |
8,947 | NDQ_004667 | geothermal power | geothermal energy | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Is useful as it is harnessed., b. Must be processed., c. Must be stored before use., d. All of the above | a |
8,948 | NDQ_004668 | geothermal power | the likely source of heat for the largest geothermal plant in california is a large magma chamber. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. True, b. False | a |
8,949 | NDQ_004669 | geothermal power | in some locations, hot rocks are too deep to be used for geothermal energy. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. True, b. False | a |
8,950 | NDQ_004670 | glaciers | where are glaciers found? | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Antarctica and Greenland only, b. Every continent except Australia, c. Every continent except Antarctica and Greenland, d. Australia only | b |
8,951 | NDQ_004671 | glaciers | large glaciers that cover a larger area than just a valley, possibly an entire mountain range or region. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Continental glacier, b. Alpine glacier, c. Ice caps, d. Valley glacier | c |
8,952 | NDQ_004672 | glaciers | a deep crack in the glacier that forms as a result of ice movement. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Glacial breakage, b. Crack, c. Bergshrund, d. Crevasse | d |
8,953 | NDQ_004673 | glaciers | the lower part of the glacier where the amount of snow and ice that melts off is the | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Zone of accumulation, b. Zone of ablation, c. Equilibrium line, d. None of these | b |
8,954 | NDQ_004674 | glaciers | when a glacier no longer moves, it is called an ice sheet. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. True, b. False | a |
8,955 | NDQ_004675 | glaciers | whether an ice sheet is a glacier depends on | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. The amount in the field., b. How steep the slope is., c. The roughness of the ground surface., d. All of the above. | d |
8,956 | NDQ_004676 | glaciers | how do glaciers move? | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. By plastic flow at the bottom where the pressure is high., b. At the bottom where meltwater lubricates it., c. From extremely fast to nearly no movement., d. All of the above. | d |
8,957 | NDQ_004677 | glaciers | glacier national park has lost many of its active glaciers because | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Temperatures in that region have been rising., b. Plate tectonics is moving the region into a warmer location., c. People are ruining them with their hiking and ATV riding., d. None of the above. | a |
8,958 | NDQ_004678 | glaciers | glaciers are a resource because | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. They are a source of water in the summer., b. They provide energy as the water turns from snow to glacial ice., c. They cover up vast mineral resources that are exposed when they melt., d. Gold dust and other valuable minerals land on glaciers and can be mined. | a |
8,959 | NDQ_004679 | glaciers | gem glacier in glacier national park is no longer moving, but it is still a glacier. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. True, b. False | b |
8,960 | NDQ_004680 | global warming | global average temperatures are increasing and we are already seeing the effects of this. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. True, b. False | a |
8,961 | NDQ_004681 | global warming | temperatures have been rising since __________, but the __________ is increasing. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. The beginning of the Pleistocene; rate of increase, b. Earth began; rate of decrease, c. Plants evolved; rate of decrease, d. The end of the Pleistocene; rate of increase | d |
8,962 | NDQ_004682 | global warming | _________ is the largest emitter of greenhouse gases, but ________ is the largest per capita emitter. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Japan, the European Union, b. China; The United States, c. The United States; China, d. The European Union; Japan | b |
8,963 | NDQ_004683 | global warming | when ice caps melt, the sea level decreases. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. True, b. False | b |
8,964 | NDQ_004684 | global warming | warmer temperatures are causing coral reefs to | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Turn white., b. Turn red., c. Grow more rapidly., d. Grow higher in the water. | a |
8,965 | NDQ_004685 | global warming | burning fossil fuels adds greenhouse gases to the air. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. True, b. False | a |
8,966 | NDQ_004686 | global warming | which of these is affected by global warming? | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Mating and migration of birds, b. Glaciers, c. Plant life, d. All of the above | d |
8,967 | NDQ_004687 | global warming | permafrost is melting, but its extent is increasing. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. True, b. False | b |
8,968 | NDQ_004688 | global warming | to find a location that it is more suited to in temperature, a species will | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Move uphill., b. Move downhill., c. Move to a different ecosystem., d. Move to a different continent. | a |
8,969 | NDQ_004689 | global warming | in california and elsewhere, warmer temperatures are causing | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. More snow in the winter., b. More rain year-round., c. Changes in the ecology of the state., d. All of these. | c |
8,970 | NDQ_004700 | gravity in the solar system | gravitational force depends on _____________. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. The mass of the objects, b. The distance of the objects, c. The volume of the objects, d. Both a and b | d |
8,971 | NDQ_004701 | gravity in the solar system | the greater an objects mass, the greater the force of attraction. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. True, b. False | a |
8,972 | NDQ_004702 | gravity in the solar system | the farther the distance between two objects, the greater the attraction. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. True, b. False | b |
8,973 | NDQ_004703 | gravity in the solar system | this famous scientist was first to discover the principal of gravity. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Galileo Galilei, b. Sir Isaac Newton, c. Albert Einstein, d. Erwin Schrodinger | b |
8,974 | NDQ_004705 | gravity in the solar system | which of these planets experiences the weakest gravitational pull to the sun? | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Venus, b. Mercury, c. Jupiter, d. Neptune | d |
8,975 | NDQ_004706 | gravity in the solar system | which of these planets experiences the strongest gravitational pull from the sun? | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Earth, b. Mercury, c. Mars, d. Venus | b |
8,976 | NDQ_004707 | gravity in the solar system | which of the planets in our solar system has the greatest gravitational pull? | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Neptune, b. Uranus, c. Saturn, d. Jupiter | d |
8,977 | NDQ_004708 | gravity in the solar system | if you are on the top of a mountain and drop an apple, it will fall to the ground, even though the apple is gravitationally attracted to you. why? | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Earth is larger and has a much stronger gravitational pull., b. Apples always fall down., c. Centrifugal forces pull the apple to the Earth and that is stronger than your gravitational pull., d. None of these. | a |
8,978 | NDQ_004709 | gravity in the solar system | the planets are all really far from the sun, but they continue to orbit the star because | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. The Sun and the planets are all really large., b. The Sun’s gravity increases with distance from it., c. Centrifugal forces continue to operate even when two objects are too far for gravity., d. Space has fibers that keep the planets orbiting the Sun. | a |
8,979 | NDQ_004710 | greenhouse effect | which is a greenhouse gas? | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Carbon dioxide, b. Water vapor, c. Ozone, d. All of the above | d |
8,980 | NDQ_004711 | greenhouse effect | volcanic eruptions, decomposition of plant material, respiration, and fossil fuel burning all release this greenhouse gas. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Carbon dioxide, b. Methane, c. Nitrous oxide, d. Ozone | a |
8,981 | NDQ_004712 | greenhouse effect | how is the atmosphere like a greenhouse? | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Greenhouse gases reflect sunlight like the walls of a greenhouse., b. Water vapor condenses into clouds like droplets condense on greenhouse walls., c. Greenhouse gases trap heat like the walls of a greenhouse., d. None of the above. | c |
8,982 | NDQ_004713 | greenhouse effect | energy that comes off of earths surface, | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Is directly radiated into space., b. Is absorbed by greenhouse gases in the atmosphere., c. Is altered so that it becomes cooler in the atmosphere., d. A & B | d |
8,983 | NDQ_004714 | greenhouse effect | all greenhouse gases are emitted by natural processes. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. True, b. False | b |
8,984 | NDQ_004715 | greenhouse effect | which of these is the most abundant greenhouse gas? | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Carbon dioxide, b. Methane, c. Nitrous oxide, d. Ozone | a |
8,985 | NDQ_004716 | greenhouse effect | one cfc-12 molecule traps 10,600 times as much heat as one co2 molecule. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. True, b. False | a |
8,986 | NDQ_004717 | greenhouse effect | atmospheric greenhouse gas levels are increasing due to human activities. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. True, b. False | a |
8,987 | NDQ_004718 | greenhouse effect | greenhouse effect is | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Bad for Earth because it is warming us up too much., b. Bad for Earth because it moderates our temperature., c. A natural phenomenon that is important for making Earth habitable., d. None of these. | c |
8,988 | NDQ_004719 | greenhouse effect | what happens when greenhouse gas levels in the atmosphere increase? | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Nothing, b. The atmosphere traps more heat., c. The atmosphere traps less heat., d. None of the above. | b |
8,989 | NDQ_004722 | groundwater aquifers | in an aquifer, pore spaces above this line do not contain water and below this line do contain water. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Impermeable layer, b. Bedrock, c. Water table, d. Spring | c |
8,990 | NDQ_004723 | groundwater aquifers | in a drought, the water table | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Will not change., b. It’s not possible to know what it will do., c. Will go up., d. Will go down. | d |
8,991 | NDQ_004724 | groundwater aquifers | people have learned to tap groundwater sources that were previously out of reach by | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Finding springs., b. Drilling wells., c. Using streams., d. None of these. | b |
8,992 | NDQ_004725 | groundwater aquifers | if you were going to drill a well into an aquifer it would be a shorter distance to drill down into a valley than down into a hill. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. True, b. False | a |
8,993 | NDQ_004726 | groundwater aquifers | the surface of a stream is | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. The top of the water table., b. The bottom of the water table., c. Where a spring runs in., d. None of these. | a |
8,994 | NDQ_004727 | groundwater aquifers | in a desert, water only runs in streambeds (called washes) during a large rainstorm. why do streams not run in washes all the time? | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. There is never an aquifer below a desert., b. A desert stream is like other streams; there is water when there is rain or snowmelt., c. The water table is too deep and does not intercept the streambed., d. None of these. | c |
8,995 | NDQ_004728 | groundwater aquifers | all springs flow all year round. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. True, b. False | b |
8,996 | NDQ_004729 | groundwater aquifers | to be a good aquifer, the only important quality for a rock to have is high porosity. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. True, b. False | b |
8,997 | NDQ_004731 | groundwater depletion | wells may go completely dry if they are not deep enough to reach in a lowered water table. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. True, b. False | a |
8,998 | NDQ_004732 | groundwater depletion | which of these regions has intense droughts and reduced groundwater levels? | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Northeast, b. Pacific Northwest, c. Midwest, d. South | d |
8,999 | NDQ_004733 | groundwater depletion | this aquifer supplies one-third of the irrigation water in the united states. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Hetch-Hetchy, b. Ogallala, c. Quabbin, d. None of the above | b |
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