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8,800 | NDQ_004458 | environmental impacts of mining | according to u.s. law, a mine region | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. May be left as it is when the mining is complete., b. Must be restored to its natural state., c. May be capped and left alone., d. None of these. | b |
8,801 | NDQ_004459 | environmental impacts of mining | how can bats benefit from mining? | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Underground mines that are left open may become homes for bats., b. Insects are attracted to the mine smells and bats come to eat them., c. Bats eat the birds that live in an abandoned mine shaft., d. None of these. | a |
8,802 | NDQ_004480 | exoplanets | how do scientists discover an extrasolar planet? | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. The temporary dimming of a star as the planet crosses in front of it., b. A star’s movement toward and away from us along our line of sight., c. A state-of-the at space telescope., d. All of these. | d |
8,803 | NDQ_004481 | exoplanets | even though they are so very far away, scientists are excited to find earth-like planets because they would like to find | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Evidence of intelligent life., b. Evidence of microbial life., c. A planet that looks like Earth., d. None of these. | a |
8,804 | NDQ_004482 | exoplanets | there have been more than 1800 exoplanets identified and confirmed. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. True, b. False | a |
8,805 | NDQ_004483 | exoplanets | exoplanets orbit a star other than the sun. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. True, b. False | a |
8,806 | NDQ_004484 | exoplanets | what does it mean when a planet is in a stars habitable zone? | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. It has oxygen in its atmosphere., b. It has a day-night cycle and a seasonal cycle that resembles Earth’s., c. It has the right temperature to have liquid water., d. All of the above. | c |
8,807 | NDQ_004485 | exoplanets | if a planet is not centered on the disk of gas surrounding it, it may mean that | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. The planet does not have a spherical shape., b. There is another planet that is pulling the gas toward it., c. The gas is not behaving like gas in our solar system., d. None of the above. | b |
8,808 | NDQ_004486 | exoplanets | when did scientists start discovering exoplanets? | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. 1898, b. 1890s, c. 1990s, d. 2000 | c |
8,809 | NDQ_004487 | exoplanets | new extrasolar planets are identified very rarely, only about once per decade. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. True, b. False | b |
8,810 | NDQ_004488 | exoplanets | scientists are more likely to detect a giant exoplanet because | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. It has a greater effect on the star it orbits., b. It appears larger in earth-based telescopes., c. Giant exoplanets are many times more likely to exist., d. None of these. | a |
8,811 | NDQ_004489 | exoplanets | according to statistical studies, the milky way galaxy may contain about 100 billion planets. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. True, b. False | b |
8,812 | NDQ_004490 | expansion of the universe | this element was first discovered in our sun by analyzing the absorption lines. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Hydrogen, b. Helium, c. Oxygen, d. Carbon | b |
8,813 | NDQ_004491 | expansion of the universe | when edwin hubble measured the distance to other galaxies, he discovered that the galaxies | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Flickered on and off., b. Were moving toward us., c. Were stationary., d. Were moving away from us. | d |
8,814 | NDQ_004492 | expansion of the universe | hubbles law states that: | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. The farther away a galaxy is, the faster it is moving away from us., b. The farther away a galaxy is, the slower it is moving away from us., c. The closer a galaxy is, the faster it is moving away from us., d. None of these. | a |
8,815 | NDQ_004493 | expansion of the universe | the universe is expanding in three-dimensions. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. True, b. False | a |
8,816 | NDQ_004494 | expansion of the universe | what is redshift? | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Sound waves are moving away from the observer., b. Absorption bands are shifted toward the red end of the spectrum., c. Absorption bands are shifted toward the blue end of the spectrum., d. All of the above. | b |
8,817 | NDQ_004495 | expansion of the universe | astronomers determine the composition of a star by examining the dark absorption lines. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. True, b. False | a |
8,818 | NDQ_004496 | expansion of the universe | which example is true about the doppler effect? | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Dopper Effect is found only in sound waves., b. As an object moves toward you, the waves spread further apart, and vice versa., c. As an object moves toward you, the waves pack closer together, and vice versa., d. All of the above | c |
8,819 | NDQ_004497 | expansion of the universe | if a galaxy is moving closer to earth, it would have a blueshift. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. True, b. False | a |
8,820 | NDQ_004498 | expansion of the universe | as the universe expands it is the __________ that is expanding. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Space between the galaxies, b. Entire universe and everything in it, c. Space within the galaxies, d. Space within atoms and molecules | a |
8,821 | NDQ_004499 | expansion of the universe | as the universe expands, the galaxies are also expanding. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. True, b. False | b |
8,822 | NDQ_004520 | faults | if a miner is standing on a fault, the __________ wall is where his safety helmet would be and the __________ wall is where his steel toed boots would be. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Tail; head, b. Head; tail, c. Foot; hanging, d. Hanging; foot | d |
8,823 | NDQ_004521 | faults | if there is no movement on either side of a fracture, the fracture is called this. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. A joint, b. A fault, c. A slip, d. A dip | a |
8,824 | NDQ_004522 | faults | mountain ranges can uplift on these types of faults. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Strike-slip faults, b. Reverse faults, c. Normal faults, d. Tensional faults | c |
8,825 | NDQ_004523 | faults | if the angle of a fault is inclined relative to the horizontal it is a | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Joint, b. Reverse Fault, c. Dip-slip Fault, d. Strike-slip Fault | c |
8,826 | NDQ_004524 | faults | horizontal-appearing layers can have a younger rock below an older rock if they are separated by a thrust fault. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. True, b. False | a |
8,827 | NDQ_004525 | faults | why wont california west of the san andreas fault fall into the pacific ocean? | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. The motion along the fault is horizontal., b. The motion along the fault is thrust., c. That piece of land is being faulted upward, not downward., d. There is too much friction. | a |
8,828 | NDQ_004526 | faults | strike slip faults result from __________ stresses. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. compressive, b. diagonal, c. tensional, d. shear | d |
8,829 | NDQ_004527 | faults | this type of reverse fault has a plane angle that is nearly horizontal. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Normal fault, b. Thrust fault, c. Strike-slip fault, d. Dip-slip fault | b |
8,830 | NDQ_004528 | faults | at the san andreas fault, the pacific plate is moving north relative to the north american plate. this means that the san andreas is a | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Right-lateral strike-slip fault., b. Left-lateral strike-slip fault., c. Dip slip fault., d. Thrust fault. | a |
8,831 | NDQ_004529 | faults | in a normal fault, the hanging wall goes up and the footwall goes down. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. True, b. False | b |
8,832 | NDQ_004541 | flooding | which of these can buffer flooding? | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Vegetation, b. Wetlands, c. Levees, d. All of the above | d |
8,833 | NDQ_004542 | flooding | a levee that protects the land near a river from flooding | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. May cause there to be flooding upstream or downstream., b. May cause there to be flooding downstream only., c. May protect the entire river from flooding., d. Will keep that land safe from flooding as long as it is kept in working order. | a |
8,834 | NDQ_004543 | flooding | a raised structure designed to hold back the waters of a stream or river in case of a flood. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. River, b. Levee, c. Dam, d. None of the above | c |
8,835 | NDQ_004544 | flooding | this river flooded sometimes causes extreme floods in the midwestern u.s. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. The Sacramento River, b. The Colorado River, c. The Des Moines River, d. The Mississippi River | d |
8,836 | NDQ_004545 | flooding | flooding is often worse when vegetation is cleared. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. True, b. False | a |
8,837 | NDQ_004546 | flooding | floods are relatively recent phenomenon, only occurring since humans have altered the landscape. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. True, b. False | b |
8,838 | NDQ_004547 | flooding | the lands downstream from a dam are safe from flooding. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. True, b. False | b |
8,839 | NDQ_004548 | flooding | plants reduce flooding by | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Keeping the rainwater from striking the ground., b. Slowing the raindrops down so they don’t all hit the ground at once., c. Allowing the water to flow downhill in its own way., d. All of these. | b |
8,840 | NDQ_004549 | flooding | how did flooding of the nile river help the egyptians? | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Floodwaters were a source of nutrients along the floodplain., b. Flooding protected human settlements from invaders., c. Flooding moved sediment into the river delta and stopped large waves from coming ashore., d. All of these. | a |
8,841 | NDQ_004560 | folds | rocks that deform plastically under compressive stresses crumple into this. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Plateaus, b. Calderas, c. Folds, d. Valleys | c |
8,842 | NDQ_004561 | folds | this type of stress creates folds. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Tension, b. Shearing, c. Compression, d. No stress | c |
8,843 | NDQ_004562 | folds | an anticline in three dimensions is a basin. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. True, b. False | b |
8,844 | NDQ_004563 | folds | a monocline | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Is a tilted rock layer that is no longer horizontal., b. Could be the limb of a syncline., c. Could be the limb of an anticline., d. All of the above | d |
8,845 | NDQ_004564 | folds | a dome is a structure made when rocks arch upward. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. True, b. False | a |
8,846 | NDQ_004565 | folds | if a dome is eroded away, what are the ages of the rocks from inside to outside. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Youngest in the inside; oldest in the outside., b. Oldest in the inside; youngest in the outside., c. Rocks are the same age through the dome., d. Some old rocks are inside and some are outside. | b |
8,847 | NDQ_004566 | folds | an anticline has rocks that bend. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Downward, b. Diagonally, c. Vertically, d. Upward | d |
8,848 | NDQ_004567 | folds | the michigan basin is made by rock bending | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Downward, b. Diagonally, c. Vertically, d. Upward | a |
8,849 | NDQ_004568 | folds | when rocks are bent into a fold, they may go back to their original shape if the stress is released. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. True, b. False | b |
8,850 | NDQ_004569 | folds | in a syncline, the youngest rocks are outside and the oldest rocks are in the center. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. True, b. False | b |
8,851 | NDQ_004570 | formation of earth | earth formed | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. At the same time as the other planets., b. About 500 million years later than the sun., c. At the same time as the moon., d. All of the above | a |
8,852 | NDQ_004571 | formation of earth | scientists think that meteorite bombardment was extremely common on the early earth because | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. The outer planets have lots of impact craters., b. Earth has lots of ancient impact craters., c. The Moon has lots of ancient impact craters., d. All of the above. | c |
8,853 | NDQ_004572 | formation of earth | due to gravity, planetoids got larger and larger until they became planets. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. True, b. False | a |
8,854 | NDQ_004573 | formation of earth | which is not a reason why earth was molten in its early days? | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Gravitational contraction, b. Radioactive decay, c. The sun, d. Bombardment by asteroids | c |
8,855 | NDQ_004574 | formation of earth | there was more radioactive decay early in earth history than now because many radioactive elements have long half lives. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. True, b. False | b |
8,856 | NDQ_004575 | formation of earth | differentiation | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Caused Earth to have a metal core., b. Took place when Earth was molten., c. Allowed lighter elements to rise to the surface., d. All of these. | d |
8,857 | NDQ_004576 | formation of earth | earths first crust probably | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Was made of light minerals, like the Moon’s., b. Recycled into the mantle due to vigorous convection., c. Resembled modern continental crust., d. All of these. | b |
8,858 | NDQ_004577 | formation of earth | what material helps scientists describe the geologic composition of early earth? | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Zircon crystals, b. Meteorites, c. Lunar rocks, d. All of the above | d |
8,859 | NDQ_004578 | formation of earth | the oldest materials geologists found on earth thus far are | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Zircon crystals in ancient rocks., b. Diamonds from kimberlite pipes., c. Exposed gabbro in the oceanic crust., d. Cooled metal fragments from the core. | a |
8,860 | NDQ_004579 | formation of earth | gravity releases energy when material is squeezed so hard that the pressure swells. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. True, b. False | a |
8,861 | NDQ_004580 | formation of the moon | apollo astronauts brought back a rock from the moon that is | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Unknown and unknowable., b. The same age as the formation of the solar system., c. 100 million years younger than the formation of the solar system., d. 1 billion years older than the formation of the solar system. | c |
8,862 | NDQ_004581 | formation of the moon | the size of the moon is comparable to the planet ___________. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Jupiter, b. Mercury, c. Mars, d. Saturn | b |
8,863 | NDQ_004582 | formation of the moon | the moon is similar in composition as the planet | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Earth, b. Mars, c. Uranus, d. Neptune | a |
8,864 | NDQ_004583 | formation of the moon | the story of how the moon formed had to account for | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Carbon isotope ratios indicating that Earth and Moon formed in the same part of the solar system., b. The similar size of Earth and Moon’s cores., c. Earth’s faster than expected spin., d. All of these | c |
8,865 | NDQ_004584 | formation of the moon | the moon formed at the same time earth formed. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. True, b. False | b |
8,866 | NDQ_004585 | formation of the moon | the ________ ratios of moon and earth indicate that they originated in the same part of the solar system. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Hydrogen Isotope, b. Oxygen Isotope, c. Neon Isotope, d. Dust | b |
8,867 | NDQ_004586 | formation of the moon | moons story began when | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. A tremendous number of asteroids hit Earth., b. The Sun flung material out into this part of space., c. Earth split into two equal bodies., d. A Mars-sized asteroid hit Earth. | d |
8,868 | NDQ_004587 | formation of the moon | the material that came together to form the moon was flung into space from | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Earth., b. The Sun., c. Jupiter., d. None of these. | a |
8,869 | NDQ_004588 | formation of the moon | the genesis rock is a piece of the moons original crust. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. True, b. False | a |
8,870 | NDQ_004589 | formation of the moon | in the early solar system, there was a lot of debris asteroids, comets and planetoids - flying around. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. True, b. False | a |
8,871 | NDQ_004590 | formation of the sun and planets | the solar system formed nearly _________ years ago | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. 100 billion, b. 5 million, c. 5 billion, d. 3 thousand | c |
8,872 | NDQ_004591 | formation of the sun and planets | the major bodies of the solar system formed | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. At the same time., b. In this order: sun, inner planets, outer planets, asteroids, comets., c. In this order: asteroids, comets, sun, outer planets, inner planets., d. From a black hole. | b |
8,873 | NDQ_004592 | formation of the sun and planets | a nebula is | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. A newly formed star, b. The material that was left over from the Big Bang, c. A giant cloud of dust and gas, d. None of these | c |
8,874 | NDQ_004593 | formation of the sun and planets | the nebular was drawn together by gravity, which released kinetic energy. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. True, b. False | b |
8,875 | NDQ_004594 | formation of the sun and planets | the sun formed in the center of the nebula because | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Most of the cloud’s mass migrated to the center., b. The density at the center was extreme., c. Hydrogen and helium were present and nuclear fusion began., d. All of these. | d |
8,876 | NDQ_004595 | formation of the sun and planets | the planets formed because | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Clumps of material continued to collide due to gravity., b. The burning sun flung molten material off into orbit., c. Solid material precipitated out of the gases that orbited the sun., d. None of these. | a |
8,877 | NDQ_004596 | formation of the sun and planets | the planets are sorted by density outward from the sun because of | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Centrifugal force, b. Angular momentum, c. The planetary orbits, d. Gravity | d |
8,878 | NDQ_004597 | formation of the sun and planets | the inner planets are made primarily of | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Dense rock and metal., b. Gases and ices., c. Hydrogen, helium, water, ammonia and methane., d. All of the above | a |
8,879 | NDQ_004598 | formation of the sun and planets | the nebular hypothesis explains why | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. The planets orbit the sun in different planes., b. The oldest rocks scientists have dated are about the same age., c. Half the planets revolve clockwise and half the opposite., d. All of these. | b |
8,880 | NDQ_004599 | formation of the sun and planets | materials that on earth are liquids or gases are solids in the outer planets. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. True, b. False | a |
8,881 | NDQ_004600 | fossil fuel formation | fossil fuels are compounds of _________________. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Nitrogen and carbon, b. Nitrogen and hydrogen, c. Carbon and Hydrogen, d. Calcium and Nitrogen | c |
8,882 | NDQ_004601 | fossil fuel formation | hydrocarbons in solid form are called _________________. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Coal, b. Petroleum, c. Crude oil, d. Natural gas | a |
8,883 | NDQ_004602 | fossil fuel formation | hydrocarbons in gas form are called __________________. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Coal, b. Petroleum, c. Natural gas, d. Crude oil | c |
8,884 | NDQ_004603 | fossil fuel formation | how do fossil fuels form? | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Biological remains are buried beneath masses of sediment and exposed to high heat and, b. Dinosaurs are buried in hot tar, adding their bodies to the mass of fossil fuel., c. Plants die in swamps and their bodies are converted to fossil fuels., d. None of these. | a |
8,885 | NDQ_004604 | fossil fuel formation | what is the original source of energy for fossil fuels? | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. The sun., b. Heat from the core., c. Heat from burial by sediments., d. Food for the animals. | a |
8,886 | NDQ_004605 | fossil fuel formation | plants use solar energy to create | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. New plants, b. Larger bodies, c. Carbon compounds, d. All of the above | d |
8,887 | NDQ_004606 | fossil fuel formation | methane is a molecule made with one carbon and _____ hydrogen atoms. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. One, b. Two, c. Three, d. Four | d |
8,888 | NDQ_004607 | fossil fuel formation | fossil fuels are a very poor source of energy. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. True, b. False | b |
8,889 | NDQ_004608 | fossil fuel formation | what is the biggest downside our dependence on fossil fuels for energy? | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. They are found almost everywhere., b. They are non-renewable., c. They are extremely expensive., d. They are found below ground. | b |
8,890 | NDQ_004609 | fossil fuel formation | most of the fossil fuels we use today formed hundreds of millions of years ago. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. True, b. False | a |
8,891 | NDQ_004610 | fossil fuel reserves | being nonrenewable resources, fossil fuels will last on the order of decades for coal and centuries for oil and natural gas. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. True, b. False | b |
8,892 | NDQ_004611 | fossil fuel reserves | oil from shale is different from oil from petroleum because it is | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Much purer, b. Very easy to extract and refine., c. Is collected in shale reservoirs., d. Is dispersed through rock. | d |
8,893 | NDQ_004612 | fossil fuel reserves | although petroleum, coal and natural gas will eventually run out, tar sands and oil shale will be available for centuries at no more cost than traditional sources of fossil fuels. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. True, b. False | b |
8,894 | NDQ_004613 | fossil fuel reserves | if people everyone in the developed world froze their use of oil at its current level the annual amount of oil used would not increase. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. True, b. False | b |
8,895 | NDQ_004614 | fossil fuel reserves | much of the concern about the dangers of fracking is due to | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. The distance the oil must travel from where it is obtained to where it is used., b. The chemicals that are in the fracking fluids., c. The amount of rock disturbed at the land surface., d. All of the above | b |
8,896 | NDQ_004615 | fossil fuel reserves | _________ are rocky materials mixed with very thick oil. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Oil shales, b. Tar pits, c. Conglomerates, d. Tar sands | d |
8,897 | NDQ_004616 | fossil fuel reserves | as of today, fossil fuel provides about ______ of the worlds energy. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. 50%, b. 65%, c. 85%, d. 100% | c |
8,898 | NDQ_004617 | fossil fuel reserves | what is a reason tar sands are strip-mined rather than pumped? | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. Tar sands are too thick to pump., b. Tar sands are solid and cannot flow., c. Tar sands are too watered down to pump., d. None of the above | a |
8,899 | NDQ_004618 | fossil fuel reserves | the keystone xl pipeline is controversial because the oil it carries could cause environmental damage. | null | null | Multiple Choice | a. True, b. False added | a |
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