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dclm-418202271
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Specialist recruitment expertise
Call 01489 865200
Call 01489 865200
At a basic level a CAD Manager oversees the CAD department to ensure that the workload is evenly distributed and completed on time as well as being an authority on anything involving CAD.
Of course, the role of a CAD Manager Jobs can vary from organisation to organisation as sizes of the company and associated departments can vary along with the tasks that actually need to be undertaken.
Key Competencies
CAD Managers also known as (C)omputer (A)ided (D)esign are experts who specialize in the supervision of other employees as well as supporting and training new and existing staff.
Some of the tasks that you may be asked to carry out and that you should be confident in doing could be anything from CAD troubleshooting to workload scheduling to reviewing drawings to managing your team. You will need to be proficient in CAD and any programs needed to complete the work as well as handling a busy schedule and working under pressure, often to tight deadlines. Working in a team and leading them to be the best that they can be is a very rewarding role so if you have the necessary skills and experience than we would like to hear from you.
To be a successful CAD Manager it is essential that you have a deep knowledge of AutoCAD, AutoCAD MEP, Arcinfo, Revit and Micro Station. You are also required to have strong writing and analytical skills and are expected to have good attention to detail. Communication skills are imperative as you will be required to train other employees and accommodate them with technical guidance.
How much does a CAD Manager get paid?
CAD Managers we have placed for July 2018 earn between £35,000 and £44,000 per annum, or £19 to £27 per hour depending on experience and organization.
Where can I find CAD Manager jobs?
Fusion People are constantly on the lookout for experienced CAD Managers to join our various teams. You can find all of our current vacancies on the Fusion People website via the careers page.
Why choose Fusion People?
Fusion People have a dedicated team of specialist CAD recruiters who have a wealth of experience in matching talented candidates to their perfect jobs. They are able to support you through the whole recruitment process and answer any questions that you may have along the way. Get in touch with Fusion People for you next exciting role in the CAD industry.
Does this sound like you? If it does, register today as we have jobs available right now!
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dclm
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{"fasttext_score":0.037248075008392334,"id":"<urn:uuid:93b4a934-8be8-434d-8baa-c9fa758f2e93>","language":"en","language_score":0.9659035801887512,"url":"https:\/\/fusionpeople.com\/industry-sectors\/architecture\/cad-manager-jobs","nemo_id":"dclm-gs7-423334091"}
| 541 |
dclm-424923411
|
Search form
Vicon Helps Framestore Create Crowds for ‘Blade Runner 2049’
Live mocap link from London to Montreal employing Vicon’s Shōgun and Epic’s Unreal Engine helps artists produce a digital crowd in less than 24 hours.
OXFORD, U.K. -- A crash landing, a bruised hero, a crowd about to swarm. For Framestore, Blade Runner 2049’s thrilling Trash Mesa attack sequence had all the elements of a classic set piece, it only needed its band of scavengers. With two days to prep, Framestore turned to Vicon motion capture products and a live link that helped two production teams make crucial decisions, five time zones away.
With nearly 300 VFX shots in production, Framestore already had a lot on its plate. Besides the Trash Mesa environments and crowds, Framestore’s Montreal facility was responsible for creating a deserted Las Vegas -- designed with acclaimed visionary artist Syd Mead -- and a glitchy, holographic shell for a computerized assistant named Joi (Ana de Armas). The idea for motion capture emerged later, almost on a whim.
“Montreal was considering options for the Trash Mesa sequence. The environments and character models were done, but the shots weren’t,” said Richard Graham, studio manager for Framestore’s Capture Lab. “They needed people to populate the wide and aerial shots they were working on. Our job was to provide realistic skeletal data and a variety of motions to the animation team so they could apply diverse crowd motion across their digital crowd. The only hiccup was, we were in London.”
Graham and Senior Mocap TD Gerardo Corona Sorchini decided to use Vicon’s Shōgun, Epic’s Unreal Engine and a little proprietary tech to create a live link between Montreal and the Framestore Capture Lab in London. Now, anything captured by the Vicon cameras could be streamed in (almost) real-time to Framestore Montreal’s cinema room, where the supervision team was standing by waiting to offer notes or call out new moves.
The capture consisted of two mocap performers, 16 Vicon cameras and a 4 x 5 meter volume. The data was captured in real-time using Vicon Shōgun, with the solved skeleton then streamed into Unreal Engine. The output from Unreal was then sent across the internal network using a dedicated transcontinental connection so it could be viewed in Montreal. This new set-up worked like a dream allowing London to stream high-res video at 60fps in 1080p to Montreal, providing a perfect glimpse into the fidelity of each motion, with only 100 milliseconds of lag time across continents.
“Shōgun has been built from the ground up to run in real-time, supporting multiple actors and props across small or large systems,” said Tim Doubleday, entertainment product manager at Vicon. “This fits perfectly into the expanding world of virtual production where the focus is about getting live data onto film-quality assets on set in real-time.”
In Montreal, the performances were applied to digital characters that were already in the Trash Mesa CG environment. A second view was also provided, which showed live video of the actual performers, who could be communicated with via a linked audio call. Using these two feeds, project leads could make strategic decisions about movement variations that would later be cut up and delivered to the animation team for selective tweaks. After it was over, Shōgun’s processing speed allowed the London lab to get finalized data back to Montreal in under 24 hours, ensuring that the project could move forward, and Graham and Sorchini could return home at a reasonable hour.
“Vicon makes the best motion capture systems on the planet; it feels like all other companies are just playing catch-up,” added Sorchini. “With the cameras, you have a robust system that is precise and stable, while the software is presented in a really wise and clever way. Every year, it gets better and better.”
Shōgun enjoyed its inaugural run at Framestore on the Blade Runner 2049 project, replacing their long-running Blade system. Released last April, Shōgun is Vicon’s flagship entertainment software, built for the needs of high-end productions. On Blade Runner 2049, it allowed Framestore to batch process all of their data, removing the need to convert their files, which saved the company hours of unnecessary labor.
“It’s no secret that virtual production is becoming more important to big visual effects houses like ours,” added Graham. “When you can create freely with your co-workers, even when you are across the ocean, that’s really powerful. And when you can stream film-quality mocap from that far…the sky’s the limit.”
Source: Vicon
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dclm
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{"fasttext_score":0.025717854499816895,"id":"<urn:uuid:6fcf9b30-bb89-473c-84c2-a84a18fddeab>","language":"en","language_score":0.9441725611686707,"url":"https:\/\/www.awn.com\/news\/vicon-helps-framestore-create-crowds-blade-runner-2049","nemo_id":"dclm-gs7-125784753"}
| 1,049 |
flan-6940824
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Question: and uh it's just human nature to walk through an open door so and i would be glad to see that i hope i don't see a lot more single moms but i it seems in my experience i'm running across single women all the time
From what I've seen there are a lot of single women but not many more single moms.
Answer: yes
Question: In last week's episode, Apu, the Indian convenience store owner, goes down to the docks to donate porno magazines to sailors.
A convenience store owner, Apu, made a non-monetary donation to sailors.
Answer: yes
Question: Madrid's easy embrace of extremes it is both the capital of a technology-dependent country that exploded since becoming part of the European Union just 15 years ago and at heart a small town that revels in its castizo traditions is part of life here.
Madrid has no traditions and is not the capital of any country.
Answer: no
|
flan
|
{"attributes":{"dedupe_ngrams_8_1_all_train":[[0.0,223.0,0.0],[223.0,306.0,0.0],[320.0,456.0,0.0],[456.0,530.0,0.0],[544.0,805.0,0.0],[805.0,869.0,0.0]],"paloma_paragraphs":[]},"id":"817c7beb6bd94ee2e7138e4d53d2c87e","metadata":{"_replicate":0,"_task_name":"glue\/mnli:2.0.0","_task_source":"Flan2021","_template_idx":1,"_template_type":"fs_noopt","provenance":"60M-shots_all-upweight_1-dialog_false-sep_rulebased-train-0011.json.gz:83568"},"source":"flan_v2"}
| 209 |
stackexchange-2159885
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All possible permutations of decimal numbers (hundredths) that sum up to 1 for a given length
Consider vector s as follows:
s=seq(0.01, 0.99, 0.01)
> s
[1] 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07
0.08 0.09 .......... 0.89 0.90 0.91 0.92 0.93 0.94 0.95 0.96 0.97 0.98 0.99
Now given s and a fixed length m, I would like to have a matrix for all possible permutations of length m such that each row of matrix sums up to 1 (excluding the brute force approach).
For example, if m=4 (i.e. number of columns), the desired matrix would be something like this:
0.01 0.01 0.01 0.97
0.02 0.01 0.01 0.96
0.03 0.01 0.01 0.95
0.04 0.01 0.01 0.94
0.05 0.01 0.01 0.93
0.06 0.01 0.01 0.92
.
.
.
0.53 0.12 0.30 0.05
.
.
.
0.96 0.02 0.01 0.01
0.97 0.01 0.01 0.01
.
.
.
0.01 0.97 0.01 0.01
.
.
.
Here's how to do this using recursion:
permsum <- function(s,m) if (m==1L) matrix(s) else do.call(rbind,lapply(seq_len(s-m+1L),function(x) unname(cbind(x,permsum(s-x,m-1L)))));
res <- permsum(100L,4L);
head(res);
## [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4]
## [1,] 1 1 1 97
## [2,] 1 1 2 96
## [3,] 1 1 3 95
## [4,] 1 1 4 94
## [5,] 1 1 5 93
## [6,] 1 1 6 92
tail(res);
## [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4]
## [156844,] 95 2 2 1
## [156845,] 95 3 1 1
## [156846,] 96 1 1 2
## [156847,] 96 1 2 1
## [156848,] 96 2 1 1
## [156849,] 97 1 1 1
You can divide by 100 to get fractions, as opposed to integers:
head(res)/100;
## [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4]
## [1,] 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.97
## [2,] 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.96
## [3,] 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.95
## [4,] 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.94
## [5,] 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.93
## [6,] 0.01 0.01 0.06 0.92
Explanation
First let's define the inputs:
• s This is the target value to which each row in the output matrix should sum.
• m This is number of columns to produce in the output matrix.
It is more efficient and reliable to compute the result using integer arithmetic, as opposed to floating-point arithmetic, so I designed my solution to work only with integers. Hence s is a scalar integer representing the target integer sum.
Now let's examine the sequence generated by seq_len() for the non-base case:
seq_len(s-m+1L)
This generates a sequence from 1 to the highest possible value that could be part of a sum to s with m columns remaining. For example, think about the case of s=100,m=4: the highest number we can use is 97, participating in a sum of 97+1+1+1. Each remaining column reduces the highest possible value by 1, which is why we must subtract m from s when computing the sequence length.
Each element of the generated sequence should be viewed as one possible "selection" of an addend in the summation.
do.call(rbind,lapply(seq_len(s-m+1L),function(x) ...))
For each of the selections, we must then recurse. We can use lapply() to do this.
To jump ahead, the lambda will make a single recursive call to permsum() and then cbind() the return value with the current selection. This will produce a matrix, always of the same width for this level of recursion. Hence, the lapply() call will return a list of matrices, all of the same width. We must then row-bind them together, which is why we must use the do.call(rbind,...) trick here.
unname(cbind(x,permsum(s-x,m-1L)))
The body of the lambda is fairly simple; we cbind() the current selection x with the return value of the recursive call, completing the summation for this submatrix. Unfortunately we must call unname(), otherwise each column that ends up being set from the x argument will have column name x.
The most important detail here is the choice of arguments to the recursive call. First, because the lambda argument x has just been selected out during the current recursive evaluation, we must subtract it from s to get a new summation target, which the impending recursive call will be responsible for attaining. Hence the first argument becomes s-x. Second, because the selection of x takes up one column, we must subtract 1 from m, so that the recursive call will have one fewer column to produce in its output matrix.
if (m==1L) matrix(s) else ...
Lastly, let's examine the base case. In every evaluation of the recursive function we must check if m has reached 1, in which case we can simply return the required sum s itself.
Floating-point discrepancy
I looked into the discrepancy between my results and psidom's results. For example:
library(data.table);
bgoldst <- function(s,m) permsum(s,m)/s;
psidom <- function(ss,m) { raw <- do.call(data.table::CJ,rep(list(ss),m)); raw[rowSums(raw)==1,]; };
## helper function to sort a matrix by columns
smp <- function(m) m[do.call(order,as.data.frame(m)),];
s <- 100L; m <- 3L; ss <- seq_len(s-1L)/s;
x <- smp(bgoldst(s,m));
y <- smp(unname(as.matrix(psidom(ss,m))));
nrow(x);
## [1] 4851
nrow(y);
## [1] 4809
So there's a 42 row discrepancy between our two results. I decided to try to find exactly which permutations were omitted with the following line of code. Basically, it compares each element of the two matrices and prints the comparison result as a logical matrix. We can scan down the scrollback to find the first differing row. Below is the excerpted output:
x==do.call(rbind,c(list(y),rep(list(NA),nrow(x)-nrow(y))));
## [,1] [,2] [,3]
## [1,] TRUE TRUE TRUE
## [2,] TRUE TRUE TRUE
## [3,] TRUE TRUE TRUE
## [4,] TRUE TRUE TRUE
## [5,] TRUE TRUE TRUE
##
## ... snip ...
##
## [24,] TRUE TRUE TRUE
## [25,] TRUE TRUE TRUE
## [26,] TRUE TRUE TRUE
## [27,] TRUE TRUE TRUE
## [28,] TRUE TRUE TRUE
## [29,] TRUE FALSE FALSE
## [30,] TRUE FALSE FALSE
## [31,] TRUE FALSE FALSE
## [32,] TRUE FALSE FALSE
## [33,] TRUE FALSE FALSE
##
## ... snip ...
So it's at row 29 where we have the first discrepancy. Here's a window around that row in each permutation matrix:
win <- 27:31;
x[win,]; y[win,];
## [,1] [,2] [,3]
## [1,] 0.01 0.27 0.72
## [2,] 0.01 0.28 0.71
## [3,] 0.01 0.29 0.70 (missing from y)
## [4,] 0.01 0.30 0.69 (missing from y)
## [5,] 0.01 0.31 0.68
## [,1] [,2] [,3]
## [1,] 0.01 0.27 0.72
## [2,] 0.01 0.28 0.71
## [3,] 0.01 0.31 0.68
## [4,] 0.01 0.32 0.67
## [5,] 0.01 0.33 0.66
Interestingly, the missing permutations normally do sum to exactly 1 when you compute the sum manually. At first I thought it was data.table's CJ() function that was doing something strange with floats, but further testing seems to indicate it's something rowSums() is doing:
0.01+0.29+0.70==1;
## [1] TRUE
ss[1L]+ss[29L]+ss[70L]==1;
## [1] TRUE
rowSums(CJ(0.01,0.29,0.70))==1; ## looks like CJ()'s fault, but wait...
## [1] FALSE
cj <- CJ(0.01,0.29,0.70);
cj$V1+cj$V2+cj$V3==1; ## not CJ()'s fault
## [1] TRUE
rowSums(matrix(c(0.01,0.29,0.70),1L,byrow=T))==1; ## rowSums()'s fault
## [1] FALSE
We can work around this rowSums() quirk by applying a manual (and somewhat arbitrary) tolerance in the floating-point comparison. To do this we need to take the absolute difference and then perform a less-than comparison against the tolerance:
abs(rowSums(CJ(0.01,0.29,0.70))-1)<1e-10;
## [1] TRUE
Hence:
psidom2 <- function(ss,m) { raw <- do.call(data.table::CJ,rep(list(ss),m)); raw[abs(rowSums(raw)-1)<1e-10,]; };
y <- smp(unname(as.matrix(psidom2(ss,m))));
nrow(y);
## [1] 4851
identical(x,y);
## [1] TRUE
Combinations
Thanks to Joseph Wood for pointing out that this is really permutations. I originally named my function combsum(), but I renamed it to permsum() to reflect this revelation. And, as Joseph suggested, it is possible to modify the algorithm to produce combinations, which can be done as follows, now living up to the name combsum():
combsum <- function(s,m,l=s) if (m==1L) matrix(s) else do.call(rbind,lapply(seq((s+m-1L)%/%m,min(l,s-m+1L)),function(x) unname(cbind(x,combsum(s-x,m-1L,x)))));
res <- combsum(100L,4L);
head(res);
## [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4]
## [1,] 25 25 25 25
## [2,] 26 25 25 24
## [3,] 26 26 24 24
## [4,] 26 26 25 23
## [5,] 26 26 26 22
## [6,] 27 25 24 24
tail(res);
## [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4]
## [7148,] 94 3 2 1
## [7149,] 94 4 1 1
## [7150,] 95 2 2 1
## [7151,] 95 3 1 1
## [7152,] 96 2 1 1
## [7153,] 97 1 1 1
This required 3 changes.
First, I added a new parameter l, which stands for "limit". Basically, in order to guarantee that each recursion generates a unique combination, I enforce that each selection must be less than or equal to any previous selection in the current combination. This required taking the current upper limit as a parameter l. On the top-level call l can just be defaulted to s, which is actually too high anyway for cases where m>1, but that's not a problem, since it's just one of two upper limits that will be applied during sequence generation.
The second change was of course to pass the latest selection x as the argument to l when making the recursive call in the lapply() lambda.
The final change is the trickiest. The selection sequence must now be computed as follows:
seq((s+m-1L)%/%m,min(l,s-m+1L))
The lower limit had to be raised from the 1 used in permsum() to the lowest possible selection that would still allow a descending-magnitude combination. The lowest possible selection of course depends on how many columns have yet to be produced; the more columns, the more "room" we have to leave for future selections. The formula is to take an integer division of s on m, but we also must effectively "round up", which is why I add m-1L prior to taking the division. I also considered doing a floating-point division and then calling as.integer(ceiling(...)), but I think the all-integer approach is much better.
For example, consider the case of s=10,m=3. To produce a sum of 10 with 3 columns remaining, we cannot make a selection less than 4, because then we would not have enough quantity to produce 10 without ascending along the combination. In this case, the formula divides 12 by 3 to give 4.
The upper limit can be computed from the same formula used in permsum(), except that we must also apply the current limit l using a call to min().
I've verified that my new combsum() behaves identically to Joseph's IntegerPartitionsOfLength() function for many random test cases with the following code:
## helper function to sort a matrix within each row and then by columns
smc <- function(m) smp(t(apply(m,1L,sort)));
## test loop
for (i in seq_len(1000L)) {
repeat {
s <- sample(1:100,1L);
m <- sample(2:5,1L);
if (s>=m) break;
};
x <- combsum(s,m);
y <- IntegerPartitionsOfLength(s,m);
cat(paste0(s,',',m,'\n'));
if (!identical(smc(x),smc(y))) stop('bad.');
};
Benchmarking
Common self-contained test code:
library(microbenchmark);
library(data.table);
library(partitions);
library(gtools);
permsum <- function(s,m) if (m==1L) matrix(s) else do.call(rbind,lapply(seq_len(s-m+1L),function(x) unname(cbind(x,permsum(s-x,m-1L)))));
combsum <- function(s,m,l=s) if (m==1L) matrix(s) else do.call(rbind,lapply(seq((s+m-1L)%/%m,min(l,s-m+1L)),function(x) unname(cbind(x,combsum(s-x,m-1L,x)))));
IntegerPartitionsOfLength <- function(n, Lim, combsOnly = TRUE) { a <- 0L:n; k <- 2L; a[2L] <- n; MyParts <- vector("list", length=P(n)); count <- 0L; while (!(k==1L) && k <= Lim + 1L) { x <- a[k-1L]+1L; y <- a[k]-1L; k <- k-1L; while (x<=y && k <= Lim) {a[k] <- x; y <- y-x; k <- k+1L}; a[k] <- x+y; if (k==Lim) { count <- count+1L; MyParts[[count]] <- a[1L:k]; }; }; MyParts <- MyParts[1:count]; if (combsOnly) {do.call(rbind, MyParts)} else {MyParts}; };
GetDecimalReps <- function(s,m) { myPerms <- permutations(m,m); lim <- nrow(myPerms); intParts <- IntegerPartitionsOfLength(s,m,FALSE); do.call(rbind, lapply(intParts, function(x) { unique(t(sapply(1L:lim, function(y) x[myPerms[y, ]]))); })); };
smp <- function(m) m[do.call(order,as.data.frame(m)),];
smc <- function(m) smp(t(apply(m,1L,sort)));
bgoldst.perm <- function(s,m) permsum(s,m)/s;
psidom2 <- function(ss,m) { raw <- do.call(data.table::CJ,rep(list(ss),m)); raw[abs(rowSums(raw)-1)<1e-10,]; };
joseph.perm <- function(s,m) GetDecimalReps(s,m)/s;
bgoldst.comb <- function(s,m) combsum(s,m)/s;
joseph.comb <- function(s,m) IntegerPartitionsOfLength(s,m)/s;
Permutations
## small scale
s <- 10L; m <- 3L; ss <- seq_len(s-1L)/s;
ex <- smp(bgoldst.perm(s,m));
identical(ex,smp(unname(as.matrix(psidom2(ss,m)))));
## [1] TRUE
identical(ex,smp(joseph.perm(s,m)));
## [1] TRUE
microbenchmark(bgoldst.perm(s,m),psidom2(ss,m),joseph.perm(s,m));
## Unit: microseconds
## expr min lq mean median uq max neval
## bgoldst.perm(s, m) 347.254 389.5920 469.1011 420.383 478.7575 1869.697 100
## psidom2(ss, m) 702.206 830.5015 1007.5111 907.265 1038.3405 2618.089 100
## joseph.perm(s, m) 1225.225 1392.8640 1722.0070 1506.833 1860.0745 4411.234 100
## large scale
s <- 100L; m <- 4L; ss <- seq_len(s-1L)/s;
ex <- smp(bgoldst.perm(s,m));
identical(ex,smp(unname(as.matrix(psidom2(ss,m)))));
## [1] TRUE
identical(ex,smp(joseph.perm(s,m)));
## [1] TRUE
microbenchmark(bgoldst.perm(s,m),psidom2(ss,m),joseph.perm(s,m),times=5L);
## Unit: seconds
## expr min lq mean median uq max neval
## bgoldst.perm(s, m) 1.286856 1.304177 1.426376 1.374411 1.399850 1.766585 5
## psidom2(ss, m) 6.673545 7.046951 7.416161 7.115375 7.629177 8.615757 5
## joseph.perm(s, m) 5.299452 10.499891 13.769363 12.680607 15.107748 25.259117 5
## very large scale
s <- 100L; m <- 5L; ss <- seq_len(s-1L)/s;
ex <- smp(bgoldst.perm(s,m));
identical(ex,smp(unname(as.matrix(psidom2(ss,m)))));
## Error: cannot allocate vector of size 70.9 Gb
identical(ex,smp(joseph.perm(s,m)));
## [1] TRUE
microbenchmark(bgoldst.perm(s,m),joseph.perm(s,m),times=1L);
## Unit: seconds
## expr min lq mean median uq max neval
## bgoldst.perm(s, m) 28.58359 28.58359 28.58359 28.58359 28.58359 28.58359 1
## joseph.perm(s, m) 50.51965 50.51965 50.51965 50.51965 50.51965 50.51965 1
Combinations
## small-scale
s <- 10L; m <- 3L;
ex <- smc(bgoldst.comb(s,m));
identical(ex,smc(joseph.comb(s,m)));
## [1] TRUE
microbenchmark(bgoldst.comb(s,m),joseph.comb(s,m));
## Unit: microseconds
## expr min lq mean median uq max neval
## bgoldst.comb(s, m) 161.225 179.6145 205.0898 187.3120 199.5005 1310.328 100
## joseph.comb(s, m) 172.344 191.8025 204.5681 197.7895 205.2735 437.489 100
## large-scale
s <- 100L; m <- 4L;
ex <- smc(bgoldst.comb(s,m));
identical(ex,smc(joseph.comb(s,m)));
## [1] TRUE
microbenchmark(bgoldst.comb(s,m),joseph.comb(s,m),times=5L);
## Unit: milliseconds
## expr min lq mean median uq max neval
## bgoldst.comb(s, m) 409.0708 485.9739 556.4792 591.4774 627.419 668.4548 5
## joseph.comb(s, m) 2164.2134 3315.0138 3317.9725 3540.6240 3713.732 3856.2793 5
## very large scale
s <- 100L; m <- 6L;
ex <- smc(bgoldst.comb(s,m));
identical(ex,smc(joseph.comb(s,m)));
## [1] TRUE
microbenchmark(bgoldst.comb(s,m),joseph.comb(s,m),times=1L);
## Unit: seconds
## expr min lq mean median uq max neval
## bgoldst.comb(s, m) 2.498588 2.498588 2.498588 2.498588 2.498588 2.498588 1
## joseph.comb(s, m) 12.344261 12.344261 12.344261 12.344261 12.344261 12.344261 1
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stackexchange
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{"added":"2016-06-08T01:05:23.843","attributes":{"dedupe_para_ngrams_13_1":[[999.0,1027.0,1.0],[1206.0,1239.0,1.0],[1518.0,1546.0,1.0],[2746.0,2801.0,0.5833333134651184],[3281.0,3316.0,1.0],[5304.0,5333.0,1.0],[5958.0,5981.0,1.0],[6130.0,6153.0,1.0],[7174.0,7286.0,0.5128205418586731],[7921.0,7949.0,1.0],[8128.0,8159.0,1.0],[9146.0,9178.0,1.0],[10937.0,11075.0,1.0],[11075.0,11235.0,1.0],[11940.0,11996.0,1.0],[11996.0,12041.0,1.0],[12042.0,12088.0,0.8333333134651184],[12088.0,12200.0,1.0],[12392.0,12434.0,0.6000000238418579],[13070.0,13100.0,1.0],[13100.0,13153.0,1.0],[13165.0,13202.0,1.0],[13215.0,13290.0,0.625],[13723.0,13753.0,1.0],[13753.0,13806.0,1.0],[13855.0,13892.0,1.0],[14717.0,14747.0,1.0],[14747.0,14784.0,1.0],[15185.0,15215.0,1.0],[15215.0,15252.0,1.0],[15265.0,15326.0,0.6666666865348816]]},"created":"2016-06-07T18:30:55.807","id":"stackoverflow_com-37686747-37687382","metadata":{"answer_comment_count":5,"answer_content_license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","answer_id":37687382,"answer_last_activity_date":"2016-06-08T01:05:23.843","answer_last_edit_date":"2016-06-08T01:05:23.843","answer_last_editor_user_id":4272464,"answer_owner_user_id":4272464,"answer_score":7,"answer_view_count":0,"forum":"stackoverflow_com","provenance":"20241028_173636_00007_mgema_e949c20c-4f62-444a-9ece-7d9f5412105b.zst:38252","question_comment_count":3,"question_content_license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","question_id":37686747,"question_last_activity_date":"2019-12-17T08:36:13.033","question_last_edit_date":"2019-12-17T08:36:13.033","question_last_editor_user_id":4408538,"question_owner_user_id":1505504,"question_score":5,"question_view_count":1061},"source":"stackexchange","version":"20240930"}
| 5,852 |
flan-25281999
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Translate the following sentence to French:
The United Kingdom also fully supports the work of the facilitator of the inter-Congolese dialogue, Sir Ketumile Masire, and his team. Le Royaume-Uni appuie pleinement l'activité du facilitateur du dialogue intercongolais, Sir Ketumile Masire, et de son équipe.
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flan
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{"attributes":{"dedupe_ngrams_8_1_all_train":[[44.0,306.0,0.0]],"paloma_paragraphs":[]},"id":"e275c30ba989c8e7a43834ced0228f9d","metadata":{"_replicate":0,"_task_name":"wmt14_translate\/fr-en:1.0.0","_task_source":"Flan2021","_template_idx":5,"_template_type":"zs_noopt","provenance":"60M-shots_all-upweight_1-dialog_false-sep_rulebased-train-0133.json.gz:254687"},"source":"flan_v2"}
| 81 |
dclm-410339515
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Cell Rep ; 38(2): 110214, 2022 01 11.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1588141
T cell immunity is crucial for control of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and has been studied widely on a quantitative level. However, the quality of responses, in particular of CD8+ T cells, has only been investigated marginally so far. Here, we isolate T cell receptor (TCR) repertoires specific for immunodominant SARS-CoV-2 epitopes restricted to common human Leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules in convalescent individuals. SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8+ T cells are detected up to 12 months after infection. TCR repertoires are diverse, with heterogeneous functional avidity and cytotoxicity toward virus-infected cells, as demonstrated for TCR-engineered T cells. High TCR functionality correlates with gene signatures that, remarkably, could be retrieved for each epitope:HLA combination analyzed. Overall, our data demonstrate that polyclonal and highly functional CD8+ TCRs-classic features of protective immunity-are recruited upon mild SARS-CoV-2 infection, providing tools to assess the quality of and potentially restore functional CD8+ T cell immunity.
CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology , COVID-19/immunology , Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology , SARS-CoV-2/immunology , Adult , Cells, Cultured , Cross Reactions/immunology , Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology , Female , Humans , Immunodominant Epitopes/immunology , Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology , Leukocytes, Mononuclear/virology , Male , Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology , T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
Nat Commun ; 12(1): 4515, 2021 07 26.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1327196
The in vivo phenotypic profile of T cells reactive to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 antigens remains poorly understood. Conventional methods to detect antigen-reactive T cells require in vitro antigenic re-stimulation or highly individualized peptide-human leukocyte antigen (pHLA) multimers. Here, we use single-cell RNA sequencing to identify and profile SARS-CoV-2-reactive T cells from Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. To do so, we induce transcriptional shifts by antigenic stimulation in vitro and take advantage of natural T cell receptor (TCR) sequences of clonally expanded T cells as barcodes for 'reverse phenotyping'. This allows identification of SARS-CoV-2-reactive TCRs and reveals phenotypic effects introduced by antigen-specific stimulation. We characterize transcriptional signatures of currently and previously activated SARS-CoV-2-reactive T cells, and show correspondence with phenotypes of T cells from the respiratory tract of patients with severe disease in the presence or absence of virus in independent cohorts. Reverse phenotyping is a powerful tool to provide an integrated insight into cellular states of SARS-CoV-2-reactive T cells across tissues and activation states.
COVID-19/immunology , Gene Expression Profiling/methods , Sequence Analysis, RNA/methods , Single-Cell Analysis/methods , T-Lymphocytes/metabolism , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism , CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/virology , COVID-19/epidemiology , COVID-19/virology , Cells, Cultured , Cohort Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Pandemics , Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics , Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology , Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism , SARS-CoV-2/physiology , T-Lymphocytes/virology
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dclm
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{"fasttext_score":0.023408234119415283,"id":"<urn:uuid:9ca38528-c89f-427c-927a-a9ba7e61b490>","language":"en","language_score":0.8035886287689209,"url":"https:\/\/search.bvsalud.org\/global-literature-on-novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov\/?lang=en&q=au:%22Hammel,%20Monika%22","nemo_id":"dclm-gs7-098733303"}
| 864 |
dclm-410411269
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Between Good morning and Good morring
Akeem Lasisi
Akeem Lasisi
Last week, we highlighted some words prone to misspelling due to mispronunciation. Among them, interestingly, are pronunciation, misspelling, especially and privilege. Today, we shall conclude the topic by looking at other similar terms.
The first is ‘length’, which some misspell as ‘lenght’. The reason they misspell it is that they pronounce it poorly, ending their pronunciation with ‘T’ instead of ‘TH’. In other words, they fail to differentiate between the pronunciation of ‘lent’ and length’. This is a common problem among users of English language in Nigeria and beyond. Such people fail to differentiate between ‘t’ and ‘th’ when speaking and one of its effects is misspelling. It is the tendency that also leads some to spell ‘strength’ as ‘strenght’. Teachers of the English Language, who regularly mark pupils’ essays, can bear me witness here. The point, however, is that you should be able to differentiate between the pronunciations of the capitalised portions in the following pairs: wiT and wiTH; Tank and THank; Tree and THree; forTE and fourTH; as well as tiT and teeTH.
Consider the very common word, ‘morning’, too, which some pronounce as ‘moRING’. I hope you are not one of them. If you say ‘morRING’ instead of morNING’, then you may get the spelling wrong. So, remember, it is ‘Good morNING’, not ‘Good morRING’.
Maintenance, Sustenance. Many of us do not have issues with the verbs, ‘maintain’ and ‘sustain’. So confident are we pronouncing them that we carry the pattern over to the articulation of their nominal counterparts. But this is where the contradiction lies. If you say ‘maintAIN’ you are okay, but if you say ‘mainTAINance’, there is trouble as you are likely to write it accordingly, thus ending up misspelling the noun. The fact is that the noun does not have ‘ain’ whether in pronunciation or spelling. So, as I have pointed out in this class on a number of occasions, we have mainTAIN, but mainTEnance. The same thing applies to sustain – which is susTAIN both in pronunciation and spelling, but becomes susTEnance as a noun, without AIN whether in its oral or written form.
Liase vs liaise
If you pronounce the word as LAIAse, you can hardly get the spelling right. Truly speaking, the spelling of the word is tricky, especially with the double ‘i’ it harbours. But the first danger lies in mispronunciation. So, note that the word is LIAIse (/lieiz/), not lAIAse.
Hyperbole, not hyperbol; epitome, not epitome
The term, ‘hyperbole’, should be pronounced in four syllables (HY-PER-BO-LE) not three (HY-PER-BOL). Because most folks pronounce it with three syllables, they sometimes leave out the ‘e’ that ends the word when they write it. The same applies to ‘epitome’, which also has four syllables (E-PE-TO-ME), not three (E-PI-TOM). You should watch the pronunciations so that you don’t misspell them.
Matured or mature? Secure or secured?
When speaking, you should be very sure which of the four words above you have in mind. Unlike the other expressions where some of the spellings are wrong, all the four words and spellings exist in English – mature, matured, secure and secured. But they are not always interchangeable. You can have ‘mature’ as a verb and you can have it as an adjective. The same thing applies to ‘secure’. As a result, there are occasions people misuse them or mistake one for the other:
The way Hushpuppi spends his money shows that he is not matured. (Wrong)
The way Hushpuppi spends his money shows that he is not mature. (Correct)
The manager is behaving as if he is not secured having me around. (Wrong)
The manager is behaving as if he is not secure having me around.
Lastly, learn to pronounce ‘withhold’ well. If you call it wiThold, you may end up spelling it as ‘withold’, whereas there should be double ‘h’ in the word: withhold.
Copyright PUNCH.
Contact: [email protected]
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dclm
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{"fasttext_score":0.02032393217086792,"id":"<urn:uuid:40056779-9403-40b3-a045-029a82b1bf38>","language":"en","language_score":0.9447605013847351,"url":"https:\/\/punchng.com\/between-good-morning-and-good-morring\/","nemo_id":"dclm-gs7-428513308"}
| 1,014 |
flan-2774595
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Les cohortes tardives ont un coût de construction par unité de surface foliaire légèrement supérieur mais une masse foliaire plus faible par unité de surface.
Translate this to English? Later cohorts had a lower leaf construction cost per unit leaf area with a lower leaf mass per area.
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flan
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{"attributes":{"dedupe_ngrams_8_1_all_train":[[0.0,159.0,0.0],[160.0,288.0,0.0]],"paloma_paragraphs":[]},"id":"cdce642cf251005159b0c491ceafd4c6","metadata":{"_replicate":0,"_task_name":"wmt14_translate\/fr-en:1.0.0","_task_source":"Flan2021","_template_idx":3,"_template_type":"zs_opt","provenance":"60M-shots_all-upweight_1-dialog_false-sep_rulebased-test-0016.json.gz:418800"},"source":"flan_v2"}
| 71 |
wikipedia-1382638
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Inchiyani
Inchiyani is a village near Mundakayam in Kanjirappally Taluk of Kerala, India.
History.
Sir C.P. Ramaswamy Iyer took over land of First Freedom Fighter Chempil Arayan Ananthapadmanabhan Valiya Arayan situated in Edakunnam, Erumely and Ranni.
Location.
Inchiyaniis located from National Highway 183, with access from Chittady, or from Parathodu via Edakkunnam.
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wikipedia
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{"added":"2023-04-02T20:40:41.324Z","created":"2023-04-02T20:40:41.324Z","id":"7531987","metadata":{"length":62,"provenance":"en_simple_wiki_v0-0000.json.gz:1382639","revid":"32732719","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki?curid=7531987"},"source":"wikipedia","version":"v0"}
| 120 |
pes2o-3438913
|
Adsorption Performance of Dyes Over Zeolite for Textile Wastewater Treatment
Abstract Removal of textile dyes from wastewater have recently attracted much attention, due to the toxicity, difficult visibility, and thereby the negative consequences on the aqueous environment. Therefore, there have been diverse promising new techniques such as adsorption for dyes removal from industrial wastewater. Compared to the highly cost treatment techniques, removal of dyes using the adsorption process is relatively simple and requires less cost. Synthetic zeolite was used in this research as a high capacity nano-adsorbent for the removal of reactive dyes from coloured wastewater. The impact of main parameters: dose of adsorbent (0.0025 to 0.02 g), pollutant concentration (25 to 200 mg/L), contact time (10 to 120 minutes), degree of agitation (25 and 300 rpm), and solution pH (2 to 8) on adsorption performance of the synthesised zeolite was investigated. The optimum values of these parameters to remove dyes efficiently at 90 % removal were 0.02 g, 200 mg/L, 80 min, 300 rpm, and 6-7 respectively. Also, two models were evaluated, the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. Langmuir isotherm was more efficient for representing the data than the Freundlich. The results of the Langmuir isotherm gave KL = 0.08 L/mg, qm = 6.02 mg/g, and R2 = 0.98, which fitted to the adsorption data of zeolite. Reactive dye adsorption by synthetic zeolite is a vital tool in identifying the fate of dye removal from industrial wastewater treatment plants.
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pes2o
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{"added":"2021-10-12T13:09:51.990Z","created":"2021-09-01T00:00:00.000Z","id":"238585011","metadata":{"abstract":"Abstract Removal of textile dyes from wastewater have recently attracted much attention, due to the toxicity, difficult visibility, and thereby the negative consequences on the aqueous environment. Therefore, there have been diverse promising new techniques such as adsorption for dyes removal from industrial wastewater. Compared to the highly cost treatment techniques, removal of dyes using the adsorption process is relatively simple and requires less cost. Synthetic zeolite was used in this research as a high capacity nano-adsorbent for the removal of reactive dyes from coloured wastewater. The impact of main parameters: dose of adsorbent (0.0025 to 0.02 g), pollutant concentration (25 to 200 mg\/L), contact time (10 to 120 minutes), degree of agitation (25 and 300 rpm), and solution pH (2 to 8) on adsorption performance of the synthesised zeolite was investigated. The optimum values of these parameters to remove dyes efficiently at 90 % removal were 0.02 g, 200 mg\/L, 80 min, 300 rpm, and 6-7 respectively. Also, two models were evaluated, the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. Langmuir isotherm was more efficient for representing the data than the Freundlich. The results of the Langmuir isotherm gave KL = 0.08 L\/mg, qm = 6.02 mg\/g, and R2 = 0.98, which fitted to the adsorption data of zeolite. Reactive dye adsorption by synthetic zeolite is a vital tool in identifying the fate of dye removal from industrial wastewater treatment plants.","abstract_count":229,"abstract_language":"en","abstract_perplexity":-16.573494954256507,"extfieldsofstudy":[],"provenance":"pes2o_v2-0000.json.gz:3438914","s2fieldsofstudy":["Engineering","Chemistry"],"sha1":"4f716629fd55a60fe1eaed87528ce277633dd519","sources":["DeGruyter","Crossref","Adhoc","MergedPDFExtraction","ScienceParsePlus"],"title":"Adsorption Performance of Dyes Over Zeolite for Textile Wastewater Treatment","title_count":10,"title_language":"en","title_perplexity":-13.920272610412852,"top_frequencies":[{"count":13,"token":"the"},{"count":12,"token":"of"},{"count":8,"token":"to"},{"count":7,"token":"and"},{"count":5,"token":"dyes"},{"count":5,"token":"adsorption"},{"count":5,"token":"removal"},{"count":4,"token":"for"},{"count":4,"token":"from"},{"count":3,"token":"zeolite"},{"count":3,"token":"was"},{"count":3,"token":"The"},{"count":3,"token":"Langmuir"},{"count":3,"token":"="},{"count":2,"token":"wastewater"},{"count":2,"token":"have"},{"count":2,"token":"on"},{"count":2,"token":"as"},{"count":2,"token":"industrial"},{"count":2,"token":"wastewater."},{"count":2,"token":"treatment"},{"count":2,"token":"is"},{"count":2,"token":"in"},{"count":2,"token":"a"},{"count":2,"token":"0.02"},{"count":2,"token":"(25"},{"count":2,"token":"200"},{"count":2,"token":"300"},{"count":2,"token":"were"},{"count":2,"token":"isotherm"},{"count":2,"token":"data"},{"count":2,"token":"dye"},{"count":1,"token":"Adsorption"},{"count":1,"token":"Performance"},{"count":1,"token":"Dyes"},{"count":1,"token":"Over"},{"count":1,"token":"Zeolite"},{"count":1,"token":"Textile"},{"count":1,"token":"Wastewater"},{"count":1,"token":"Treatment"},{"count":1,"token":"Abstract"},{"count":1,"token":"Removal"},{"count":1,"token":"textile"},{"count":1,"token":"recently"},{"count":1,"token":"attracted"},{"count":1,"token":"much"},{"count":1,"token":"attention,"},{"count":1,"token":"due"},{"count":1,"token":"toxicity,"},{"count":1,"token":"difficult"},{"count":1,"token":"visibility,"},{"count":1,"token":"thereby"},{"count":1,"token":"negative"},{"count":1,"token":"consequences"},{"count":1,"token":"aqueous"},{"count":1,"token":"environment."},{"count":1,"token":"Therefore,"},{"count":1,"token":"there"},{"count":1,"token":"been"},{"count":1,"token":"diverse"},{"count":1,"token":"promising"},{"count":1,"token":"new"},{"count":1,"token":"techniques"},{"count":1,"token":"such"},{"count":1,"token":"Compared"},{"count":1,"token":"highly"},{"count":1,"token":"cost"},{"count":1,"token":"techniques,"},{"count":1,"token":"using"},{"count":1,"token":"process"},{"count":1,"token":"relatively"},{"count":1,"token":"simple"},{"count":1,"token":"requires"},{"count":1,"token":"less"},{"count":1,"token":"cost."},{"count":1,"token":"Synthetic"},{"count":1,"token":"used"},{"count":1,"token":"this"},{"count":1,"token":"research"},{"count":1,"token":"high"},{"count":1,"token":"capacity"},{"count":1,"token":"nano-adsorbent"},{"count":1,"token":"reactive"},{"count":1,"token":"coloured"},{"count":1,"token":"impact"},{"count":1,"token":"main"},{"count":1,"token":"parameters:"},{"count":1,"token":"dose"},{"count":1,"token":"adsorbent"},{"count":1,"token":"(0.0025"},{"count":1,"token":"g),"},{"count":1,"token":"pollutant"},{"count":1,"token":"concentration"},{"count":1,"token":"mg\/L),"},{"count":1,"token":"contact"},{"count":1,"token":"time"},{"count":1,"token":"(10"},{"count":1,"token":"120"},{"count":1,"token":"minutes),"},{"count":1,"token":"degree"}],"year":2021},"source":"s2","version":"v3-fos"}
| 335 |
pes2o-24767968
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UTILIZATION OF BIODEGRADABLE KERATIN CONTAINING WASTES BY ENZYMATIC TREATMENT
Two novel feather-degrading fungi belonging to Chrysosporium and Microsporum genus were isolated from poultry waste in Goa, India. The fungi produced extra cellular keratinolytic enzyme in a feather meal broth using chicken feather as a sole of carbon and nitrogen source. Maximum enzyme activity was obtained within 96 h (150 U/ml and 90 U/ml for Chrysosporium and Microsporum respectively) of cultivation at pH 7.0, 30C. The optimal conditions for the keratinolytic activity of both enzymes were found to be pH 9.0 and temperature 50°; however the enzymes showed stability over a broad range of pH between 7.0 -10 and temperature 30°C 70°C. In addition, both the strains were able to completely degrade feather within a period of 96 h.
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pes2o
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{"added":"2014-10-01T00:00:00.000Z","created":"2013-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","id":"88661668","metadata":{"abstract":"Two novel feather-degrading fungi belonging to Chrysosporium and Microsporum genus were isolated from poultry waste in Goa, India. The fungi produced extra cellular keratinolytic enzyme in a feather meal broth using chicken feather as a sole of carbon and nitrogen source. Maximum enzyme activity was obtained within 96 h (150 U\/ml and 90 U\/ml for Chrysosporium and Microsporum respectively) of cultivation at pH 7.0, 30C. The optimal conditions for the keratinolytic activity of both enzymes were found to be pH 9.0 and temperature 50\u00b0; however the enzymes showed stability over a broad range of pH between 7.0 -10 and temperature 30\u00b0C 70\u00b0C. In addition, both the strains were able to completely degrade feather within a period of 96 h.","abstract_count":119,"abstract_language":"en","abstract_perplexity":-16.123530418743787,"extfieldsofstudy":["Chemistry"],"provenance":"pes2o_v2-0006.json.gz:1553160","s2fieldsofstudy":["Biology","Agricultural And Food Sciences"],"sha1":"d5e283b25c0607e4074aaef6558932699d58545c","sources":["Crawler","MAG","ScienceParseMerged","CiteSeerX"],"title":"UTILIZATION OF BIODEGRADABLE KERATIN CONTAINING WASTES BY ENZYMATIC TREATMENT","title_count":9,"title_language":"en","title_perplexity":-14.919258863414528,"top_frequencies":[{"count":6,"token":"and"},{"count":5,"token":"of"},{"count":4,"token":"a"},{"count":3,"token":"to"},{"count":3,"token":"were"},{"count":3,"token":"feather"},{"count":3,"token":"pH"},{"count":3,"token":"the"},{"count":2,"token":"fungi"},{"count":2,"token":"Chrysosporium"},{"count":2,"token":"Microsporum"},{"count":2,"token":"in"},{"count":2,"token":"The"},{"count":2,"token":"keratinolytic"},{"count":2,"token":"enzyme"},{"count":2,"token":"activity"},{"count":2,"token":"within"},{"count":2,"token":"96"},{"count":2,"token":"U\/ml"},{"count":2,"token":"for"},{"count":2,"token":"both"},{"count":2,"token":"enzymes"},{"count":2,"token":"temperature"},{"count":1,"token":"UTILIZATION"},{"count":1,"token":"OF"},{"count":1,"token":"BIODEGRADABLE"},{"count":1,"token":"KERATIN"},{"count":1,"token":"CONTAINING"},{"count":1,"token":"WASTES"},{"count":1,"token":"BY"},{"count":1,"token":"ENZYMATIC"},{"count":1,"token":"TREATMENT"},{"count":1,"token":"Two"},{"count":1,"token":"novel"},{"count":1,"token":"feather-degrading"},{"count":1,"token":"belonging"},{"count":1,"token":"genus"},{"count":1,"token":"isolated"},{"count":1,"token":"from"},{"count":1,"token":"poultry"},{"count":1,"token":"waste"},{"count":1,"token":"Goa,"},{"count":1,"token":"India."},{"count":1,"token":"produced"},{"count":1,"token":"extra"},{"count":1,"token":"cellular"},{"count":1,"token":"meal"},{"count":1,"token":"broth"},{"count":1,"token":"using"},{"count":1,"token":"chicken"},{"count":1,"token":"as"},{"count":1,"token":"sole"},{"count":1,"token":"carbon"},{"count":1,"token":"nitrogen"},{"count":1,"token":"source."},{"count":1,"token":"Maximum"},{"count":1,"token":"was"},{"count":1,"token":"obtained"},{"count":1,"token":"h"},{"count":1,"token":"(150"},{"count":1,"token":"90"},{"count":1,"token":"respectively)"},{"count":1,"token":"cultivation"},{"count":1,"token":"at"},{"count":1,"token":"7.0,"},{"count":1,"token":"30C."},{"count":1,"token":"optimal"},{"count":1,"token":"conditions"},{"count":1,"token":"found"},{"count":1,"token":"be"},{"count":1,"token":"9.0"},{"count":1,"token":"50\u00b0;"},{"count":1,"token":"however"},{"count":1,"token":"showed"},{"count":1,"token":"stability"},{"count":1,"token":"over"},{"count":1,"token":"broad"},{"count":1,"token":"range"},{"count":1,"token":"between"},{"count":1,"token":"7.0"},{"count":1,"token":"-10"},{"count":1,"token":"30\u00b0C"},{"count":1,"token":"70\u00b0C."},{"count":1,"token":"In"},{"count":1,"token":"addition,"},{"count":1,"token":"strains"},{"count":1,"token":"able"},{"count":1,"token":"completely"},{"count":1,"token":"degrade"},{"count":1,"token":"period"},{"count":1,"token":"h."}],"year":2013},"source":"s2","version":"v3-fos"}
| 195 |
flan-27862758
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Ryhmäni väittää, että toimilla voidaan lisätä voittoja ja työpaikkoja sekä antaa taloutemme kilpailukyvylle uusi etulyöntiasema.
Translate this to English? My group argues they can add to profits and to jobs and give our economy a new competitive edge.
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flan
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{"attributes":{"dedupe_ngrams_8_1_all_train":[[0.0,129.0,0.0],[130.0,254.0,0.0]],"paloma_paragraphs":[]},"id":"9754104449a8d88374cf6bbd435f8201","metadata":{"_replicate":0,"_task_name":"wmt16_translate\/fi-en:1.0.0","_task_source":"Flan2021","_template_idx":3,"_template_type":"zs_opt","provenance":"60M-shots_all-upweight_1-dialog_false-sep_rulebased-train-0141.json.gz:453634"},"source":"flan_v2"}
| 81 |
dclm-414277640
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👷 Game development🎨 Assets📚 Comics
🎉 Sales🎁 Bundles
A member registered Nov 18, 2017
Recent community posts
(2 edits)
How come when i download the program does my antivirus notify of a virus or potential threat. I honestly trust you but my computer doesnt Ps it was with windows 64 snapshot version win 64 no python was fine.
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dclm
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{"fasttext_score":0.41919785737991333,"id":"<urn:uuid:789eb79b-a9c4-4d2f-b9ea-b3fc6f64c730>","language":"en","language_score":0.8954786062240601,"url":"https:\/\/itch.io\/profile\/ninjablade46","nemo_id":"dclm-gs7-063583668"}
| 90 |
flan-16300443
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How is "For additional value, have a product available for sale at the back of the room such as a book, workbook or audio recording." said in Russian?
Для дополнительной ценности, имейте при себе товары для продажи такие, как: книга, журнал или аудио-запись.
How is "You still remember the day when your father returned from the hospital after his surgery and told everyone proudly that he had received four bypasses." said in Russian?
Вы до сих пор помните тот день, когда ваш отец вернулся после операции из больницы и гордо всем заявлял, что ему сделали четыре шунта.
How is "Several large Eastern European countries, including Hungary, Romania, and Ukraine, already have substantial IMF loan programs." said in Russian?
Несколько крупных Восточно-европейских стран, в том числе Венгрия, Румыния и Украина, уже имеют свои значительные кредитные программы МВФ.
How is "Bent back." said in Russian?
Согнутыя спины.
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flan
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{"attributes":{"dedupe_ngrams_8_1_all_train":[[0.0,151.0,0.0],[151.0,259.0,0.0],[260.0,437.0,0.0],[437.0,572.0,0.0],[573.0,726.0,0.0],[726.0,865.0,0.0],[866.0,903.0,0.0]],"paloma_paragraphs":[]},"id":"af4a84af8992e35a6bdd0bb6d0570ead","metadata":{"_replicate":0,"_task_name":"wmt16_translate\/ru-en:1.0.0","_task_source":"Flan2021","_template_idx":2,"_template_type":"fs_opt","provenance":"60M-shots_all-upweight_1-dialog_false-sep_rulebased-train-0084.json.gz:74768"},"source":"flan_v2"}
| 321 |
flan-19624154
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IN: law enforcement officials and computer security experts said thursday that evidence may now suggest that the four days of attacks on major web and e-commerce sites had been the work of more than one person or group .
summary: attacks on web sites may have been work of more than one group
IN: african leaders thursday agreed that peace and economic integration are essential to launch the continent into the global market successfully and to make the african economic booming a reality .
summary: african leaders agree to promote peace economic integration
IN: the issuing ceremony of the special stamp of confucius institute was held by austrian post company in the post office building on thursday .
summary: special stamp of confucius institute issued in austria
IN: russian national security chief alexander lebed and prime minister viktor chernomyrdin were to meet monday to discuss a landmark peace accord signed with chechen rebels over the weekend .
summary: lebed chernomyrdin to discuss chechnya peace plan
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flan
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{"attributes":{"dedupe_ngrams_8_1_all_train":[[0.0,221.0,0.0],[221.0,293.0,0.0],[294.0,493.0,0.0],[493.0,562.0,0.0],[563.0,708.0,0.0],[708.0,772.0,0.0],[773.0,965.0,0.0],[965.0,1023.0,0.0]],"paloma_paragraphs":[]},"id":"b75122f15115b93461555e6ad9adae8f","metadata":{"_replicate":0,"_task_name":"gigaword:1.2.0","_task_source":"Flan2021","_template_idx":5,"_template_type":"fs_opt","provenance":"60M-shots_all-upweight_1-dialog_false-sep_rulebased-train-0118.json.gz:8459"},"source":"flan_v2"}
| 218 |
flan-23955671
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La délégation de la Fédération de Russie, parlant au nom du groupe des pays d'Asie centrale, du Caucase et d'Europe orientale, a appuyé la proposition visant à inclure dans les jours fériés officiels de l'OMPI les deux jours correspondant aux fêtes musulmanes de l'Id al-Fitr et de l'Id al-Adha.
Translate to English
The Delegation of the Russian Federation, speaking on behalf of the Central Asian, Caucasus and Eastern European States, expressed its support for the proposal to include in the list of official holidays of WIPO the two days of the Islamic feasts of Id al-Fitr and Id al-Adha.
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{"attributes":{"dedupe_ngrams_8_1_all_train":[[0.0,296.0,0.0],[318.0,595.0,0.0]],"paloma_paragraphs":[]},"id":"d6c6f8c2c3bc881c0536cfb975ce553f","metadata":{"_replicate":0,"_task_name":"wmt14_translate\/fr-en:1.0.0","_task_source":"Flan2021","_template_idx":1,"_template_type":"zs_noopt","provenance":"60M-shots_all-upweight_1-dialog_false-sep_rulebased-train-0131.json.gz:52197"},"source":"flan_v2"}
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flan-7866861
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Q: Translate "I do not believe that we should see spiritual warfare as an end in itself." to Russian?
A: Я не считаю, что мы должны исследовать саму духовную войну в качестве цели.
Q: Translate "when I read the title of the episode I was expecting the surprise, I do not know why and I do not believe it." to Russian?
A: когда я прочитал название эпизода я ожидал сюрприз, я не знаю, почему, и я не верю в это.
Q: Translate "Iran had avoided the US restrictions on dollar transactions by transferring assets into euros or yen." to Russian?
A: Иран мог избежать введенных США ограничений, отказавшись от долларовых транзакций в пользу евро или японской иены.
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flan
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{"attributes":{"dedupe_ngrams_8_1_all_train":[[0.0,102.0,0.0],[103.0,182.0,0.0],[184.0,321.0,0.0],[322.0,415.0,0.0],[417.0,546.0,0.0],[547.0,665.0,0.0]],"paloma_paragraphs":[]},"id":"70333ba2e515b4842ec6178dfef753e9","metadata":{"_replicate":0,"_task_name":"wmt16_translate\/ru-en:1.0.0","_task_source":"Flan2021","_template_idx":3,"_template_type":"fs_noopt","provenance":"60M-shots_all-upweight_1-dialog_false-sep_rulebased-train-0021.json.gz:13949"},"source":"flan_v2"}
| 251 |
dclm-422921650
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child development
Stupid Babies Think They Are Invisible During Rousing Games Of Peekaboo
By |
Stupid Babies Think They Are Invisible During Rousing Games Of Peekaboo shutterstock 35954884 300x200 jpgBabies are so stupid. They may be cute and all but have you ever seen one of them holding down an actual job? Have you ever seen a baby try and solve a math problem or run for congress or even play Angry Birds? No. Because babies are stupid. Stupid babies. Which is why this new study conducted by fancy scientists wearing lab coats at the esteemed Cambridge University comes as no surprise to me. The scientists led by James Russell at the University of Cambridge ran a study that could prove helpful in explaining the whole Wonder Woman invisible crime-fighting jet cogitation and the 1897 case where the Coach and Horses Inn burned down. Stupid babies believe that they become invisible if someone can’t see their eyes.
From esteemed British news agency The Daily Mail:
The children’s eyes were covered with masks and they were then asked whether they could be seen by the researchers – with most saying no.
Many also believed that the researchers could not see adults who were wearing eye masks – leading to the conclusion most young children believe that anyone who covers their eyes is obscured from other people’s view.
The researchers then attempted to distinguish what exactly creates the feeling of invisibility – whether it was not being able to see at all or just because the other person couldn’t see their eyes.
Haha! Those scientists totally p’wned those stupid babies by peekaboo! I hope the scientists explained to those babies the truth about this, because at any given moment those stupid babies could start trying to play tricks on the world anytime they saw an intelligent adult covering their eyes. In my opinion, the only thing this study teaches us is that science can be adorable.
Not to flaunt my own importance here, but I consider myself an expert at peekaboo. As someone who has engaged in countless games of peekaboo with numerous babies over the last thirty-five years, my record stands at never losing a game of peekaboo once. I firmly believe that there has never been an instance during a peekaboo match with some stupid baby that I suddenly believed that by covering my eyes that I was an invisible person. Thank you to the esteemed researchers at Cambridge who, along with adorable science, have proven that my record of conquering babies during peekaboo still stands unchallenged. Researchers have yet to test other games we smart adults enjoy playing with stupid babies, like blowing raspberries on their tummies, pretending to eat their tiny little feet, and asking them repetitively “How big is baby?” before replying “Soooo big!” and holding their hands above their heads , but in the future when scientists determine the winners of these games, I have a feeling it will be us intelligent adults.
(photo: James R. Martin/shutterstock)
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{"fasttext_score":0.026035547256469727,"id":"<urn:uuid:d9177428-9719-41aa-9d46-d8dbc7f18d44>","language":"en","language_score":0.9664711952209473,"url":"https:\/\/www.mommyish.com\/peekaboo-347\/","nemo_id":"dclm-gs7-086244536"}
| 646 |
dclm-424268850
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Quick Answer: Can I Use My 401k To Pay Off Debt?
Can I use my 401k to pay off student loans?
Tax-Free Money For College: The ability to withdraw (tax-free and penalty-free) up to $5,250 from your 401(k) or IRA annually to pay for college or to pay off student loan debt.
Tax-Free Employer-Sponsored Plans: Employer-sponsored student loan and tuition plans would become tax-free up to $5,250 annually..
What proof do you need for a hardship withdrawal?
Documentation of the hardship application or request including your review and/or approval of the request. Financial information or documentation that substantiates the employee’s immediate and heavy financial need. This may include insurance bills, escrow paperwork, funeral expenses, bank statements, etc.
Can I cash out my 401k without quitting my job?
The question of whether you can get cash from your 401(k) without leaving your employer is yes, in most cases. The actual means to do so can vary from plan to plan. In doing so, it is important to note that an employer offering the plan (known as the plan sponsor) can opt-in or out of offering some of these methods.
Is it better to take a loan or withdrawal from 401k?
Can I take a 401k hardship withdrawal to pay off credit card debt?
So, in most cases, you can’t use a 401k hardship withdrawal just because you want to pay off your credit card balances. In this case, you’d be required to take out a 401k loan.
How can I get my 401k money without paying taxes?
How Can I Avoid Paying Taxes on My 401(k) Withdrawal?Avoid paying additional taxes and penalties by not withdrawing your funds early. … Make Roth contributions, rather than traditional 401(k) contributions. … Delay taking social security as long as possible. … Rollover your 401(k) into another 401(k) or IRA. … Consider tax loss harvesting.
Should I empty my 401k to pay off student loans?
But making an early withdrawal comes with penalties. If you withdraw your money prior to the age of 59 ½ you’ll pay a 10% penalty on the amount you withdraw, in addition to regular income tax on the distribution itself. … That’s why cashing out a 401(k) to pay off student loan debt might not be a great idea.
How much money can you take out of your 401k?
Normally, you can borrow up to 50% of your vested account balance or $50,000, whichever is less. The Senate bill also doubles the amount you can borrow: $100,000. Generally, if you lose your job with a 401(k) loan on the books, the amount borrowed is treated like a withdrawal and you’re on the hook for taxes.
Can I use my 401k to pay off taxes?
If the 401(k) account in question hasn’t been levied, you can take out a 401(k) loan to pay your back taxes, if your plan allows for it. The maximum amount you can borrow is the lesser of $50,000 or half of the plan’s vested value.
Does taking out of your 401k hurt your credit?
What qualifies for a 401k hardship withdrawal?
Eligibility for a Hardship WithdrawalCertain medical expenses.Home-buying expenses for a principal residence.Up to 12 months’ worth of tuition and fees.Expenses to prevent being foreclosed on or evicted.Burial or funeral expenses.More items…•
How long does a 401k hardship withdrawal take?
Thanks to the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018, you’re no longer required to take a loan from your 401k before being able to file for a hardship withdrawal. Remember: You are not allowed to contribute to your 401k plan for six months after making a hardship withdrawal.
When can you start withdrawing from 401k?
The age 59½ distribution rule says any 401k participant may begin to withdraw money from his or her plan after reaching the age of 59½ without having to pay a 10 percent early withdrawal penalty.
Do 401k loans count as debt?
Your 401(k) loan isn’t technically a debt, so it has no effect on your debt-to-income ratio. Your DTI is the total of all your other debts, divided by your monthly income. It includes your mortgage, home equity loans, car loans, credit card balances, student loans and lines of credit.
What happens to my 401k if I quit my job?
Should I take out a 401k loan to pay off credit card debt?
It’s a relatively low-interest loan option that some people use to consolidate credit card debt — meaning, taking a more favorable loan to pay off several high-interest credit card balances. But NerdWallet cautions against taking a 401(k) loan except as a last resort.
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dclm
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{"fasttext_score":0.2559649348258972,"id":"<urn:uuid:fbd8c29e-75b2-47b7-8b22-ff7340929fa0>","language":"en","language_score":0.940824031829834,"url":"https:\/\/offices-www-office.com\/qa\/quick-answer-can-i-use-my-401k-to-pay-off-debt.html","nemo_id":"dclm-gs7-242394678"}
| 1,085 |
stackexchange-386138
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psql - write a query and the query's output to a file
In postgresql 9.3.1, when interactively developing a query using the psql command, the end result is sometimes to write the query results to a file:
boron.production=> \o /tmp/output
boron.production=> select 1;
boron.production=> \o
boron.production=> \q
$ cat /tmp/output
?column?
----------
1
(1 row)
This works fine. But how can I get the query itself to be written to the file along with the query results?
I've tried giving psql the --echo-queries switch:
-e, --echo-queries
Copy all SQL commands sent to the server to standard output as well.
This is equivalent to setting the variable ECHO to queries.
But this always echoes to stdout, not to the file I gave with the \o command.
I've tried the --echo-all switch as well, but it does not appear to echo interactive input.
Using command editing, I can repeat the query with \qecho in front of it. That works, but is tedious.
Is there any way to direct an interactive psql session to write both the query and the query output to a file?
You can try redirecting the stdout to a file directly from your shell (Win or Linux should work)
psql -U postgres -c "select 1 as result" -e nomedb >> hello.txt
This has the drawback of not letting you see the output interactively. If that's a problem, you can either tail the output file in a separate terminal, or, if in *nix, use the tee utility:
psql -U postgres -c "select 1 as result" -e nomedb | tee hello.txt
Hope this helps!
Luca
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stackexchange
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{"added":"2016-07-20T20:35:07.543","attributes":{"dedupe_para_ngrams_13_1":[[553.0,629.0,1.0],[1438.0,1505.0,0.5]]},"created":"2013-12-06T20:28:22.870","id":"stackoverflow_com-20432998-20633034","metadata":{"answer_comment_count":1,"answer_content_license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","answer_id":20633034,"answer_last_activity_date":"2016-07-20T20:35:07.543","answer_last_edit_date":"2016-07-20T20:35:07.543","answer_last_editor_user_id":238886,"answer_owner_user_id":2749853,"answer_score":20,"answer_view_count":0,"forum":"stackoverflow_com","provenance":"20241028_173636_00007_mgema_40827518-b941-4197-96f3-a9ae231814a8.zst:319727","question_comment_count":1,"question_content_license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","question_id":20432998,"question_last_activity_date":"2021-09-16T12:51:06.233","question_last_edit_date":"","question_last_editor_user_id":0,"question_owner_user_id":238886,"question_score":15,"question_view_count":42331},"source":"stackexchange","version":"20240930"}
| 424 |
flan-15909498
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question: Generate a tweet. negative
answer: @bradiewebbstack oh me i do! they used to make has do it in primary school it hurts when your done the whole song lol xx
input question: OPTIONS:
- negative
- positive. Generate a tweet that has the following sentiment: negative
Generated tweet: Jailbreak only for 3.0 at the moment how gay!
Write a negative tweet. Possible types: OPTIONS:
- negative
- positive
A: My head is pounding..I hate dis feeling in my heart..y doesn't it ever go da way u expect..it always find a way to kick u in da ass
input question: Write a random tweet?
A random tweet: @burcuakyol It's all about motivation, I reckon
IN: OPTIONS:
- negative
- positive
Write a tweet that is positive.
OUT: @souljaboytellem PLEASE GIVE ME A SHOUT OUT!!!! IT WOULD MAKE MY DAY (Soulja Boy Tell 'Em LIVE live > http://ustre.am/2UhS)
IN: OPTIONS:
- negative
- positive
Write a tweet that is positive.
OUT: @dannywood We are so glad you are on Twitter. It was a struggle getting you here. We feel more connected to you guys this way.
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flan
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{"attributes":{"dedupe_ngrams_8_1_all_train":[[38.0,168.0,0.0],[206.0,278.0,0.0],[279.0,343.0,0.0],[345.0,394.0,0.0],[417.0,553.0,0.0],[555.0,593.0,0.0],[594.0,659.0,0.0],[729.0,863.0,0.0],[933.0,1065.0,0.0]],"paloma_paragraphs":[]},"id":"e79949a54a366856b7bf0f3dde73305d","metadata":{"_replicate":0,"_task_name":"sentiment140:1.0.0","_task_source":"Flan2021","_template_idx":6,"_template_type":"fs_opt","provenance":"60M-shots_all-upweight_1-dialog_false-sep_rulebased-train-0080.json.gz:81761"},"source":"flan_v2"}
| 308 |
dclm-415943686
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A True Story about Cheap Veterinary Care
This is a true story.
Yesterday, I was at the gym and was making friendly conversation with a person I had seen there on a few occasions. It became known that I was a veterinarian and she revealed that she has been using a DVM who is well known in the veterinary community for their very basic medicine (primarily a spay and neuter clinic) and cheap prices. My new friend honestly admitted that cost was a big factor in her decision to use this Vet. Then she told me a story about her dog that was spayed at that hospital.
After the spay, her dogs incision never quite healed properly and it continued to become reinfected over a few months. Around the time of third infection, the owners daughter noted something sticking out of the incision that looked like metal. They took their dog back in and had the “metal fragment” removed and the incision healed within three days afterward. Per the owners words to me, that DVM and hospital did not seem to really “care” about the issue or “assume any, any responsibility”.
That metal fragment was stainless steel suture. In my opinion it is archaic and I would say inhumane. I don’t believe you would like to have metal wire buried in your abdominal musculature for the remainder of your life and I have to extrapolate that opinion to dogs and cats as well. But, this is the typical type of insanity you promote when you use a “cheap” vet or a “spay and neuter clinic”. First, most of these DVMs are truly poorly skilled and second, they cut corners with quality, safety, and material costs to offer you up your “savings”. In addition to these facts, when you use a veterinarian like this YOU ARE REMOVING REVENUE FROM THE VETERINARIANS THAT ARE DOING THE HARD WORK. You are taking the easy money and revenue away from them (us) and that means that inadvertently you are skyrocketing all of the other prices related to veterinary care in the “real” hospitals and clinics that do the hard work. If you kept that “easy” revenue in a real hospital that was doing a good job and offering you fair prices, you would help buffer price inflation and create a much more stable relationship between yourself and the “real” veterinarian.
So, I explained this gently while laughing and smiling as much was possible to my new friend. And she seemed to get it until she said she would only use the “cheap vet” for the simple stuff….never for anything more serious.
Jeff Cribb DVM 2014
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dclm
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{"fasttext_score":0.019021034240722656,"id":"<urn:uuid:fcdfee58-306e-4121-be2b-445422e81e64>","language":"en","language_score":0.9701815843582153,"url":"https:\/\/supernerdboywarriorpoetworld.com\/2014\/02\/02\/a-true-story-about-cheap-veterinary-care\/","nemo_id":"dclm-gs7-080223844"}
| 594 |
dclm-415850620
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Japan, which is in the midst of a high-profile and controversial shift of its military posture, is using Rasky Baerlein Strategic Communications to promote understanding of the importance of its relationship with the US.
Abe, Obama
Obama, Abe
The Boston-based firm's Washington office has the nine-month job that is worth $270K.
Dale Leibach, Rasky co-chairman, spearheads the four-member Japan team. He merged Prism PA into Rasky in January, and has held posts at Powell Tate, Ogilvy and on retiring Iowa Sen. Tom Harkin's communications staff.
The New York Times on July 2 ran a front page story about Japan re-thinking its pacifism and revamping its military to thwart China's expansion in the Asian region.
Prime Minister Shinzo Abe's "collective self-defense" push allows Japan to come to the aid of an ally beyond its home territory.
The Wall Street Journal reported that China has accused Japan of attempting to destabilize the region and return to its militaristic past.
US Secretary of Defense Chuck Hagel said Japan's move will strengthen its alliance with the US.
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{"fasttext_score":0.03472590446472168,"id":"<urn:uuid:d5ebb3cc-7be9-43d4-bf7f-06118f0d2207>","language":"en","language_score":0.9500851631164551,"url":"http:\/\/www.odwyerpr.com\/story\/public\/2703\/2014-07-03\/japan-fortifies-pr-arsenal.html","nemo_id":"dclm-gs7-200833827"}
| 254 |
dclm-426214496
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LISTSERV at the University of Georgia
Menubar Imagemap
Home Browse Manage Request Manuals Register
Date: Wed, 5 May 2004 23:04:31 -0400
Reply-To: Howard Schreier <[email protected]>
From: Howard Schreier <[email protected]>
Subject: Re: Calculate medians for individual observations!
There is more than one way to transpose.
Suppose that there are 100K observations and 50 variables. Transposing to 50x100K would likely not work.
But one could create a DATA step view which would transpose each observation from 1x50 to 50x1. There would be 100K of these, or 5 million observations in all; but remember it's a view, so there's no disk footprint.
Run PROC SUMMARY with a CLASS or BY statement (or both, to process large chunks) to generate the medians.
Merge the results with the original data.
On Wed, 5 May 2004 14:20:23 -0400, Puhong Gao <[email protected]> wrote:
>Thanks much to all for your inputs. Robin's suggestion, using the ORDINAL >function, works perfectly for my need. > >Because my dataset has more than 20k observations, it is very clumsy to >transpose them. And it is too bad that there is no MEDIAN function for data >step. Still don't understand why there isn't one. > >Best, > >Puhong Gao
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{"fasttext_score":0.020607352256774902,"id":"<urn:uuid:dd03c75e-b010-4eb8-b635-4e4bd278a996>","language":"en","language_score":0.8712151646614075,"url":"http:\/\/listserv.uga.edu\/cgi-bin\/wa?A2=ind0405a&L=sas-l&D=0&P=36126","nemo_id":"dclm-gs7-042554883"}
| 356 |
wikipedia-5830187
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FIFA World Cup top goalscorers
A total of over 2,700 goals have been scored in games at the 22 final tournaments of the FIFA World Cup, not counting penalties scored during shoot-outs. Since the first goal scored by French player Lucien Laurent at the 1930 FIFA World Cup, almost 1,300 footballers have scored goals at the World Cup tournaments, of whom 101 have scored five or more.
The top goalscorer of the inaugural competition was Argentina's Guillermo Stábile with eight goals. Since then, only 25 players have scored more at all the games played at the World Cup than Stábile did throughout the 1930 tournament. The first was Hungary's Sándor Kocsis with eleven in 1954. At the next tournament, France's Just Fontaine improved on this record with 13 goals in only six games. Gerd Müller scored 10 for West Germany in 1970 and broke the overall record when he scored his 14th goal in a tournament match at a World Cup during West Germany's win in the 1974 final. His record stood for more than three decades until Ronaldo's 15 goals between 1998 and 2006 for Brazil. Germany's Miroslav Klose went on to score a record 16 goals across four consecutive tournaments between 2002 and 2014.
Of all the players who have played in the World Cup tournaments, only six have achieved an average of two goals or more per game played: Kocsis, Fontaine, Stábile, Russia's Oleg Salenko, Switzerland's Josef Hügi, and Poland's Ernst Wilimowski — the last of these scored four in his single World Cup game in 1938. The top 101 goalscorers have represented 30 nations, with 14 players scoring for Brazil, and another 14 for Germany or West Germany. In total, 67 footballers came from UEFA (Europe), 30 from CONMEBOL (South America), and only four from elsewhere: Cameroon, Ghana, Australia, and the United States.
Fontaine holds the record for the most goals scored in a single tournament, with 13 goals in 1958. The players that came closest were Kocsis in 1954, Müller in 1970 and Portugal's Eusébio in 1966, with 11, 10 and 9, respectively. The lowest scoring top scorer was in 1962, when six players tied at only four goals each. Across the 22 tournaments of the World Cup, 31 footballers have been credited with the most tournament goals, and no one has achieved this feat twice. Ten of them scored at least seven goals in a tournament, while Brazil's Jairzinho and Argentine's Lionel Messi were the only footballers to score at least seven goals without being the top goalscorer of the tournament in 1970 and 2022, respectively. These 31 top goalscorers played for 20 nations, the most (five) for Brazil. Another five came from other South American countries, with the remaining 21 coming from Europe.
In 2006, Ronaldo was the first to score 8 goals in knockout matches (excluding 3rd place playoff) at the World Cup in his 3 tournaments for Brazil, tied in 2022 by Kylian Mbappé. Mbappé became the first player to score 4 goals in World Cup finals with his hat-trick in 2022.
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wikipedia
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{"added":"2023-04-02T20:40:41.324Z","created":"2023-04-02T20:40:41.324Z","id":"43255516","metadata":{"length":579,"provenance":"en_simple_wiki_v0-0001.json.gz:2609986","revid":"23646674","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki?curid=43255516"},"source":"wikipedia","version":"v0"}
| 676 |
pes2o-9188403
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A Queueing Analysis of Polling Based for Mobile Multihop Relay WiMAX Networks
By employing a relay station (RS) on the WiMAX networks, it offers an extended coverage and improved capacity over wireless broadband. However the mobile station (MS) such that connected to the RS has effect the system performance due to increase of the MS numbers. In WiMAX the base station (BS) adopts the centralized-based polling mode where the best way to guarantee the delay bound is by polling in every frame. Through the polling approach, the BS allocated dedicated or shared resources periodically to each MS, which can be used to request resources. Therefore in centralized-based polling MAC a few parameters become important factor to determine the performance of IEEE802.16j. This paper analyze the queue based polling for multi-hop relay in WIMAX networks in order to minimize the average polling delay while increase network throughput, based on tandem queue analysis. The product-form solution applied is valid since the models related to M/M/1. The numerical results showed that numbers of poll is affect by analyzed under various number of MS.
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pes2o
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{"added":"2017-02-18T19:39:05.003Z","created":"2013-06-05T00:00:00.000Z","id":"2860423","metadata":{"abstract":"By employing a relay station (RS) on the WiMAX networks, it offers an extended coverage and improved capacity over wireless broadband. However the mobile station (MS) such that connected to the RS has effect the system performance due to increase of the MS numbers. In WiMAX the base station (BS) adopts the centralized-based polling mode where the best way to guarantee the delay bound is by polling in every frame. Through the polling approach, the BS allocated dedicated or shared resources periodically to each MS, which can be used to request resources. Therefore in centralized-based polling MAC a few parameters become important factor to determine the performance of IEEE802.16j. This paper analyze the queue based polling for multi-hop relay in WIMAX networks in order to minimize the average polling delay while increase network throughput, based on tandem queue analysis. The product-form solution applied is valid since the models related to M\/M\/1. The numerical results showed that numbers of poll is affect by analyzed under various number of MS.","abstract_count":168,"abstract_language":"en","abstract_perplexity":-13.778924632955086,"extfieldsofstudy":["Computer Science"],"provenance":"pes2o_v2-0002.json.gz:1449202","s2fieldsofstudy":["Business"],"sha1":"aaf914c6c1c56c4b4c6a99f3af5de6936d803e98","sources":["IEEE","ScienceParseMerged","Unpaywall","MAG","Grobid","DBLP"],"title":"A Queueing Analysis of Polling Based for Mobile Multihop Relay WiMAX Networks","title_count":12,"title_language":"en","title_perplexity":-13.507457066520864,"top_frequencies":[{"count":15,"token":"the"},{"count":8,"token":"to"},{"count":6,"token":"polling"},{"count":5,"token":"of"},{"count":4,"token":"in"},{"count":3,"token":"WiMAX"},{"count":3,"token":"station"},{"count":3,"token":"is"},{"count":2,"token":"for"},{"count":2,"token":"a"},{"count":2,"token":"relay"},{"count":2,"token":"on"},{"count":2,"token":"that"},{"count":2,"token":"performance"},{"count":2,"token":"increase"},{"count":2,"token":"centralized-based"},{"count":2,"token":"delay"},{"count":2,"token":"by"},{"count":2,"token":"queue"},{"count":2,"token":"based"},{"count":2,"token":"The"},{"count":1,"token":"A"},{"count":1,"token":"Queueing"},{"count":1,"token":"Analysis"},{"count":1,"token":"Polling"},{"count":1,"token":"Based"},{"count":1,"token":"Mobile"},{"count":1,"token":"Multihop"},{"count":1,"token":"Relay"},{"count":1,"token":"Networks"},{"count":1,"token":"By"},{"count":1,"token":"employing"},{"count":1,"token":"(RS)"},{"count":1,"token":"networks,"},{"count":1,"token":"it"},{"count":1,"token":"offers"},{"count":1,"token":"an"},{"count":1,"token":"extended"},{"count":1,"token":"coverage"},{"count":1,"token":"and"},{"count":1,"token":"improved"},{"count":1,"token":"capacity"},{"count":1,"token":"over"},{"count":1,"token":"wireless"},{"count":1,"token":"broadband."},{"count":1,"token":"However"},{"count":1,"token":"mobile"},{"count":1,"token":"(MS)"},{"count":1,"token":"such"},{"count":1,"token":"connected"},{"count":1,"token":"RS"},{"count":1,"token":"has"},{"count":1,"token":"effect"},{"count":1,"token":"system"},{"count":1,"token":"due"},{"count":1,"token":"MS"},{"count":1,"token":"numbers."},{"count":1,"token":"In"},{"count":1,"token":"base"},{"count":1,"token":"(BS)"},{"count":1,"token":"adopts"},{"count":1,"token":"mode"},{"count":1,"token":"where"},{"count":1,"token":"best"},{"count":1,"token":"way"},{"count":1,"token":"guarantee"},{"count":1,"token":"bound"},{"count":1,"token":"every"},{"count":1,"token":"frame."},{"count":1,"token":"Through"},{"count":1,"token":"approach,"},{"count":1,"token":"BS"},{"count":1,"token":"allocated"},{"count":1,"token":"dedicated"},{"count":1,"token":"or"},{"count":1,"token":"shared"},{"count":1,"token":"resources"},{"count":1,"token":"periodically"},{"count":1,"token":"each"},{"count":1,"token":"MS,"},{"count":1,"token":"which"},{"count":1,"token":"can"},{"count":1,"token":"be"},{"count":1,"token":"used"},{"count":1,"token":"request"},{"count":1,"token":"resources."},{"count":1,"token":"Therefore"},{"count":1,"token":"MAC"},{"count":1,"token":"few"},{"count":1,"token":"parameters"},{"count":1,"token":"become"},{"count":1,"token":"important"},{"count":1,"token":"factor"},{"count":1,"token":"determine"},{"count":1,"token":"IEEE802.16j."},{"count":1,"token":"This"},{"count":1,"token":"paper"},{"count":1,"token":"analyze"},{"count":1,"token":"multi-hop"},{"count":1,"token":"WIMAX"}],"year":2013},"source":"s2","version":"v3-fos"}
| 227 |
wikipedia-3813788
|
2018 EFL Trophy Final
The 2018 EFL Trophy Final was a football match that took place on 8 April 2018 at Wembley Stadium, London. It was the final match of the 2017–18 EFL Trophy, the 34th edition of the EFL Trophy, a competition for the 48 clubs in EFL League One and EFL League Two, and 16 under-21 sides from Premier League and EFL Championship clubs. It was contested by Lincoln City, from League Two, and Shrewsbury Town, from League One. Lincoln City won the game 1–0, with the goal scored by Elliott Whitehouse. It was Lincoln's first cup win in any competition.
Match.
Details.
<onlyinclude></onlyinclude>
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wikipedia
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{"added":"2023-04-02T20:40:41.324Z","created":"2023-04-02T20:40:41.324Z","id":"57071818","metadata":{"length":141,"provenance":"en_simple_wiki_v0-0001.json.gz:593587","revid":"43392054","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki?curid=57071818"},"source":"wikipedia","version":"v0"}
| 163 |
pes2o-28001228
|
[Use of differences in substrate inhibition for determination of the interrelationship between molar fractions of lactate dehydrogenase subunits].
A kinetic method of estimating the ratio of mole quota of H and M human lactate dehydrogenase (LDG) subunits is proposed, based on changes in substrate inhibition of LDG isoenzymes with lactate. Stability of kinetic constants for a long period of time is demonstrated. The dependency of activities ratio under low and high substrate concentration on the contribution of mole quota of LDG M subunits is studied. The correlation of experimental and theoretical values is shown to be: r=0.998 p less than 0.001. A comparison is carried out of the content of LDG subunits molar quotas in artificial mixtures with electrophoretic experimental data, a good coinsidence of these values being registered. The informative importance of the method described with standard methods of the estimation of LDG isoenzyme systems is discussed. No effect of components of human diploid cells homogenate and an insignificant effect of blood serum components on kinetic constants of LDG isoenzymes is registered. A dependency of variation coefficients on the enzyme activity is studied, minimal omegan value being 0.6%. The applicability of the method described for the calculation of quantitative content of both LDG subunits in natural objects (blood serum, diploid cell homogenate etc.) is demonstrated.
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pes2o
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{"added":"2018-04-03T01:10:13.522Z","created":"1976-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","id":"28401739","metadata":{"abstract":"A kinetic method of estimating the ratio of mole quota of H and M human lactate dehydrogenase (LDG) subunits is proposed, based on changes in substrate inhibition of LDG isoenzymes with lactate. Stability of kinetic constants for a long period of time is demonstrated. The dependency of activities ratio under low and high substrate concentration on the contribution of mole quota of LDG M subunits is studied. The correlation of experimental and theoretical values is shown to be: r=0.998 p less than 0.001. A comparison is carried out of the content of LDG subunits molar quotas in artificial mixtures with electrophoretic experimental data, a good coinsidence of these values being registered. The informative importance of the method described with standard methods of the estimation of LDG isoenzyme systems is discussed. No effect of components of human diploid cells homogenate and an insignificant effect of blood serum components on kinetic constants of LDG isoenzymes is registered. A dependency of variation coefficients on the enzyme activity is studied, minimal omegan value being 0.6%. The applicability of the method described for the calculation of quantitative content of both LDG subunits in natural objects (blood serum, diploid cell homogenate etc.) is demonstrated.","abstract_count":198,"abstract_language":"en","abstract_perplexity":-14.091319242386268,"extfieldsofstudy":["Medicine"],"provenance":"pes2o_v2-0007.json.gz:894632","s2fieldsofstudy":["Chemistry"],"sha1":"68210b388d2d92473b84a1796addfa838d039586","sources":["Medline"],"title":"[Use of differences in substrate inhibition for determination of the interrelationship between molar fractions of lactate dehydrogenase subunits].","title_count":18,"title_language":"en","title_perplexity":-15.4669957925939,"top_frequencies":[{"count":27,"token":"of"},{"count":9,"token":"the"},{"count":9,"token":"is"},{"count":6,"token":"LDG"},{"count":4,"token":"in"},{"count":4,"token":"and"},{"count":4,"token":"subunits"},{"count":4,"token":"on"},{"count":4,"token":"The"},{"count":3,"token":"substrate"},{"count":3,"token":"for"},{"count":3,"token":"A"},{"count":3,"token":"kinetic"},{"count":3,"token":"method"},{"count":3,"token":"with"},{"count":2,"token":"inhibition"},{"count":2,"token":"molar"},{"count":2,"token":"lactate"},{"count":2,"token":"dehydrogenase"},{"count":2,"token":"ratio"},{"count":2,"token":"mole"},{"count":2,"token":"quota"},{"count":2,"token":"M"},{"count":2,"token":"human"},{"count":2,"token":"isoenzymes"},{"count":2,"token":"constants"},{"count":2,"token":"a"},{"count":2,"token":"demonstrated."},{"count":2,"token":"dependency"},{"count":2,"token":"experimental"},{"count":2,"token":"values"},{"count":2,"token":"content"},{"count":2,"token":"being"},{"count":2,"token":"registered."},{"count":2,"token":"described"},{"count":2,"token":"effect"},{"count":2,"token":"components"},{"count":2,"token":"diploid"},{"count":2,"token":"homogenate"},{"count":1,"token":"[Use"},{"count":1,"token":"differences"},{"count":1,"token":"determination"},{"count":1,"token":"interrelationship"},{"count":1,"token":"between"},{"count":1,"token":"fractions"},{"count":1,"token":"subunits]."},{"count":1,"token":"estimating"},{"count":1,"token":"H"},{"count":1,"token":"(LDG)"},{"count":1,"token":"proposed,"},{"count":1,"token":"based"},{"count":1,"token":"changes"},{"count":1,"token":"lactate."},{"count":1,"token":"Stability"},{"count":1,"token":"long"},{"count":1,"token":"period"},{"count":1,"token":"time"},{"count":1,"token":"activities"},{"count":1,"token":"under"},{"count":1,"token":"low"},{"count":1,"token":"high"},{"count":1,"token":"concentration"},{"count":1,"token":"contribution"},{"count":1,"token":"studied."},{"count":1,"token":"correlation"},{"count":1,"token":"theoretical"},{"count":1,"token":"shown"},{"count":1,"token":"to"},{"count":1,"token":"be:"},{"count":1,"token":"r=0.998"},{"count":1,"token":"p"},{"count":1,"token":"less"},{"count":1,"token":"than"},{"count":1,"token":"0.001."},{"count":1,"token":"comparison"},{"count":1,"token":"carried"},{"count":1,"token":"out"},{"count":1,"token":"quotas"},{"count":1,"token":"artificial"},{"count":1,"token":"mixtures"},{"count":1,"token":"electrophoretic"},{"count":1,"token":"data,"},{"count":1,"token":"good"},{"count":1,"token":"coinsidence"},{"count":1,"token":"these"},{"count":1,"token":"informative"},{"count":1,"token":"importance"},{"count":1,"token":"standard"},{"count":1,"token":"methods"},{"count":1,"token":"estimation"},{"count":1,"token":"isoenzyme"},{"count":1,"token":"systems"},{"count":1,"token":"discussed."},{"count":1,"token":"No"},{"count":1,"token":"cells"},{"count":1,"token":"an"},{"count":1,"token":"insignificant"},{"count":1,"token":"blood"},{"count":1,"token":"serum"},{"count":1,"token":"variation"}],"year":1976},"source":"s2","version":"v3-fos"}
| 268 |
pes2o-3608635
|
RANKING OF CMIP5-BASED GENERAL CIRCULATION MODELS USING COMPROMISE PROGRAMMING AND TOPSIS FOR PRECIPITATION: A CASE STUDY OF UPPER GODAVARI BASIN, INDIA
This study determines the suitable general circulation models (GCMs) for the prediction of future precipitation of Upper Godavari sub-basin, India. Five performance indicators (PIs) namely correlation coefficient (CC), normalized root mean square deviation (NRMSD), absolute normalized mean biased deviation (ANMBD), skill score (SS), Nash Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), and three different combinations (Case 1: all performance indicators, Case 2: CC, SS and ANMBD, and Case 3: CC, SS, and NRMSD) were considered to evaluate the performance of 38 GCM models for the study area. The observed precipitation data for 12 grid points covering the Upper Godavari sub-basin along with eight districts of Maharashtra were used for the selection of the suitable GCMs. The weights of the indicators were determined by the entropy method. Compromise programming (CP) and the technique for order preference to the similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) methods were used for ranking the GCMs. The group decision-making approach was employed to make a collective decision about the rank of 38 GCMS considering all the grid points. In view of all the three combinations of PIs, the study suggests that the effect of the performance indicator NSE on the ranking of GCM models is the most significant (weights for the grid points varying in the range 22.75%–78%) followed by ANMBD, CC, NRMSD, and SS. Including the maximum number of PIs and considering their combinations is found to be much helpful to enhance the credibility of the ranking of GCMs. From the group decision-making approach, it was observed that the ensemble of MPI-ESM-P, CNRM-CM5-2, and CNRM-CM5 is suitable for the prediction of precipitation for the study area.
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pes2o
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{"added":"2020-12-17T09:13:58.701Z","created":"2020-12-14T00:00:00.000Z","id":"230600421","metadata":{"abstract":"This study determines the suitable general circulation models (GCMs) for the prediction of future precipitation of Upper Godavari sub-basin, India. Five performance indicators (PIs) namely correlation coefficient (CC), normalized root mean square deviation (NRMSD), absolute normalized mean biased deviation (ANMBD), skill score (SS), Nash Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), and three different combinations (Case 1: all performance indicators, Case 2: CC, SS and ANMBD, and Case 3: CC, SS, and NRMSD) were considered to evaluate the performance of 38 GCM models for the study area. The observed precipitation data for 12 grid points covering the Upper Godavari sub-basin along with eight districts of Maharashtra were used for the selection of the suitable GCMs. The weights of the indicators were determined by the entropy method. Compromise programming (CP) and the technique for order preference to the similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) methods were used for ranking the GCMs. The group decision-making approach was employed to make a collective decision about the rank of 38 GCMS considering all the grid points. In view of all the three combinations of PIs, the study suggests that the effect of the performance indicator NSE on the ranking of GCM models is the most significant (weights for the grid points varying in the range 22.75%\u201378%) followed by ANMBD, CC, NRMSD, and SS. Including the maximum number of PIs and considering their combinations is found to be much helpful to enhance the credibility of the ranking of GCMs. From the group decision-making approach, it was observed that the ensemble of MPI-ESM-P, CNRM-CM5-2, and CNRM-CM5 is suitable for the prediction of precipitation for the study area.","abstract_count":266,"abstract_language":"en","abstract_perplexity":-15.97648244637047,"extfieldsofstudy":["Environmental Science"],"provenance":"pes2o_v2-0000.json.gz:3608636","s2fieldsofstudy":["Environmental Science"],"sha1":"82fa2a5f21e0d74e00e67119113eda83df62a441","sources":["Crossref","Unpaywall","MAG"],"title":"RANKING OF CMIP5-BASED GENERAL CIRCULATION MODELS USING COMPROMISE PROGRAMMING AND TOPSIS FOR PRECIPITATION: A CASE STUDY OF UPPER GODAVARI BASIN, INDIA","title_count":21,"title_language":"en","title_perplexity":-15.64404827844853,"top_frequencies":[{"count":29,"token":"the"},{"count":16,"token":"of"},{"count":9,"token":"for"},{"count":8,"token":"and"},{"count":6,"token":"to"},{"count":4,"token":"study"},{"count":4,"token":"performance"},{"count":4,"token":"were"},{"count":3,"token":"suitable"},{"count":3,"token":"models"},{"count":3,"token":"precipitation"},{"count":3,"token":"combinations"},{"count":3,"token":"all"},{"count":3,"token":"CC,"},{"count":3,"token":"The"},{"count":3,"token":"grid"},{"count":3,"token":"GCMs."},{"count":3,"token":"ranking"},{"count":3,"token":"is"},{"count":2,"token":"OF"},{"count":2,"token":"prediction"},{"count":2,"token":"Upper"},{"count":2,"token":"Godavari"},{"count":2,"token":"indicators"},{"count":2,"token":"normalized"},{"count":2,"token":"mean"},{"count":2,"token":"deviation"},{"count":2,"token":"three"},{"count":2,"token":"Case"},{"count":2,"token":"ANMBD,"},{"count":2,"token":"38"},{"count":2,"token":"GCM"},{"count":2,"token":"area."},{"count":2,"token":"observed"},{"count":2,"token":"points"},{"count":2,"token":"used"},{"count":2,"token":"by"},{"count":2,"token":"group"},{"count":2,"token":"decision-making"},{"count":2,"token":"was"},{"count":2,"token":"considering"},{"count":2,"token":"that"},{"count":1,"token":"RANKING"},{"count":1,"token":"CMIP5-BASED"},{"count":1,"token":"GENERAL"},{"count":1,"token":"CIRCULATION"},{"count":1,"token":"MODELS"},{"count":1,"token":"USING"},{"count":1,"token":"COMPROMISE"},{"count":1,"token":"PROGRAMMING"},{"count":1,"token":"AND"},{"count":1,"token":"TOPSIS"},{"count":1,"token":"FOR"},{"count":1,"token":"PRECIPITATION:"},{"count":1,"token":"A"},{"count":1,"token":"CASE"},{"count":1,"token":"STUDY"},{"count":1,"token":"UPPER"},{"count":1,"token":"GODAVARI"},{"count":1,"token":"BASIN,"},{"count":1,"token":"INDIA"},{"count":1,"token":"This"},{"count":1,"token":"determines"},{"count":1,"token":"general"},{"count":1,"token":"circulation"},{"count":1,"token":"(GCMs)"},{"count":1,"token":"future"},{"count":1,"token":"sub-basin,"},{"count":1,"token":"India."},{"count":1,"token":"Five"},{"count":1,"token":"(PIs)"},{"count":1,"token":"namely"},{"count":1,"token":"correlation"},{"count":1,"token":"coefficient"},{"count":1,"token":"(CC),"},{"count":1,"token":"root"},{"count":1,"token":"square"},{"count":1,"token":"(NRMSD),"},{"count":1,"token":"absolute"},{"count":1,"token":"biased"},{"count":1,"token":"(ANMBD),"},{"count":1,"token":"skill"},{"count":1,"token":"score"},{"count":1,"token":"(SS),"},{"count":1,"token":"Nash"},{"count":1,"token":"Sutcliffe"},{"count":1,"token":"efficiency"},{"count":1,"token":"(NSE),"},{"count":1,"token":"different"},{"count":1,"token":"(Case"},{"count":1,"token":"1:"},{"count":1,"token":"indicators,"},{"count":1,"token":"2:"},{"count":1,"token":"SS"},{"count":1,"token":"3:"},{"count":1,"token":"SS,"},{"count":1,"token":"NRMSD)"},{"count":1,"token":"considered"},{"count":1,"token":"evaluate"},{"count":1,"token":"data"}],"year":2020},"source":"s2","version":"v3-fos"}
| 444 |
pes2o-10428323
|
Characterizing Novel Olfactory Receptors Expressed in the Renal Cortex
A primary function of the kidney is to maintain homeostasis. Recent studies have shown that specialized G‐protein coupled receptors, such as olfactory receptors (ORs), play essential roles in modulating kidney function. However, ORs are often orphan receptors with unknown ligands. In a recent RNA seq screen we identified 11 ORs as expressed in the renal cortex, including 5 ORs we had previously published as being expressed in the kidney, and 6 novel ORs. We have previously published the results of ligand screening for 4 of these ORs (Olfr31, Olfr78, Olfr1392, Olfr1393), but have not yet explored the ligands of the remaining 7 (Olfr56, Olfr90, Olfr461, Olfr558, Olfr1033, Olfr1034, Olfr1396). In order to better understand the physiological relevance of these ORs in the kidney, we cloned these 7 receptors from the kidney and attempted to determine ligands that activate these receptors to provide insight into physiological function. Ligand‐screening studies were performed using a cAMP dependent luciferase reporter assay, for which it is crucial that the ORs traffic to the cell surface. Because surface expression is often problematic for heterologously expressed ORs, we first performed immunofluorescence imaging utilizing an N‐terminal flag tag to determine the surface expression of each OR. Surface labeling for flag antibody in live, unpermeabilized cells revealed that 5 ORs (Olfr90, Olfr461, Olfr558, Olfr1034, Olfr1396) demonstrated robust surface trafficking, while 2 ORs (Olfr56 and Olfr1033) were very poorly trafficked to the cell surface. Thus, we screened the 5 ORs which trafficked to the cell surface using a ligand library of 85 compounds with diverse functional groups, divided into 3 categories: 1) compounds known to activate a large percentage of isolated olfactory sensory neurons, 2) sibling ligands, or compounds known to activate ORs within the same sub‐family as these uncharacterized ORs, particularly those known to be present in biofluids including blood and urine, and 3) other odorant and small molecules known to exist in the body produced either endogenously or by microorganisms. Olfr558 has previously reported ligands, and we were able to confirm activation by both butyric acid and nonanoic acid using our luciferase assay (p<0.05 vs control media); to date, none of the other chemicals screened have activated this receptor. Using this library of odorant compounds, we identified 10 novel ligands that activated Olfr90 (p<0.05 vs control media) in a dose dependent manner, none of which activated unrelated ORs or cells transfected with vector only (1‐octen‐3‐ol, 2‐methyl‐4‐propyl‐1,3‐oxathiane, 2‐pentylfuran, allyl benzene, amyl acetate, cinnamaldehyde, 2‐octanone, 3‐octanol, benzyl cyanide, linalool). Interestingly, 6 out of 10 of these ligands are known to be of fungal origin, strongly suggesting that this receptor senses fungal metabolites. To date, none of the compounds screened against Olfr461, Olfr1034, or Olfr1396 have resulted in OR activation. In sum, we have examined 7 ORs expressed in the renal cortex, and have identified novel ligands for Olfr90, which could provide a better understanding into both host‐fungus interactions and the overall physiological function of these receptors.
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pes2o
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{"added":"2019-05-02T13:03:04.768Z","created":"2018-04-01T00:00:00.000Z","id":"141622113","metadata":{"abstract":"A primary function of the kidney is to maintain homeostasis. Recent studies have shown that specialized G\u2010protein coupled receptors, such as olfactory receptors (ORs), play essential roles in modulating kidney function. However, ORs are often orphan receptors with unknown ligands. In a recent RNA seq screen we identified 11 ORs as expressed in the renal cortex, including 5 ORs we had previously published as being expressed in the kidney, and 6 novel ORs. We have previously published the results of ligand screening for 4 of these ORs (Olfr31, Olfr78, Olfr1392, Olfr1393), but have not yet explored the ligands of the remaining 7 (Olfr56, Olfr90, Olfr461, Olfr558, Olfr1033, Olfr1034, Olfr1396). In order to better understand the physiological relevance of these ORs in the kidney, we cloned these 7 receptors from the kidney and attempted to determine ligands that activate these receptors to provide insight into physiological function. Ligand\u2010screening studies were performed using a cAMP dependent luciferase reporter assay, for which it is crucial that the ORs traffic to the cell surface. Because surface expression is often problematic for heterologously expressed ORs, we first performed immunofluorescence imaging utilizing an N\u2010terminal flag tag to determine the surface expression of each OR. Surface labeling for flag antibody in live, unpermeabilized cells revealed that 5 ORs (Olfr90, Olfr461, Olfr558, Olfr1034, Olfr1396) demonstrated robust surface trafficking, while 2 ORs (Olfr56 and Olfr1033) were very poorly trafficked to the cell surface. Thus, we screened the 5 ORs which trafficked to the cell surface using a ligand library of 85 compounds with diverse functional groups, divided into 3 categories: 1) compounds known to activate a large percentage of isolated olfactory sensory neurons, 2) sibling ligands, or compounds known to activate ORs within the same sub\u2010family as these uncharacterized ORs, particularly those known to be present in biofluids including blood and urine, and 3) other odorant and small molecules known to exist in the body produced either endogenously or by microorganisms. Olfr558 has previously reported ligands, and we were able to confirm activation by both butyric acid and nonanoic acid using our luciferase assay (p<0.05 vs control media); to date, none of the other chemicals screened have activated this receptor. Using this library of odorant compounds, we identified 10 novel ligands that activated Olfr90 (p<0.05 vs control media) in a dose dependent manner, none of which activated unrelated ORs or cells transfected with vector only (1\u2010octen\u20103\u2010ol, 2\u2010methyl\u20104\u2010propyl\u20101,3\u2010oxathiane, 2\u2010pentylfuran, allyl benzene, amyl acetate, cinnamaldehyde, 2\u2010octanone, 3\u2010octanol, benzyl cyanide, linalool). Interestingly, 6 out of 10 of these ligands are known to be of fungal origin, strongly suggesting that this receptor senses fungal metabolites. To date, none of the compounds screened against Olfr461, Olfr1034, or Olfr1396 have resulted in OR activation. In sum, we have examined 7 ORs expressed in the renal cortex, and have identified novel ligands for Olfr90, which could provide a better understanding into both host\u2010fungus interactions and the overall physiological function of these receptors.","abstract_count":486,"abstract_language":"en","abstract_perplexity":-17.068603885854873,"extfieldsofstudy":["Medicine","Chemistry"],"provenance":"pes2o_v2-0002.json.gz:2689122","s2fieldsofstudy":["Biology"],"sha1":"05971d5381f43cb8531cb4d0408e69bf9dfe2ae9","sources":["Wiley","MAG","Unpaywall","Medline","Crossref"],"title":"Characterizing Novel Olfactory Receptors Expressed in the Renal Cortex","title_count":9,"title_language":"en","title_perplexity":-14.556767834362464,"top_frequencies":[{"count":22,"token":"the"},{"count":16,"token":"of"},{"count":15,"token":"to"},{"count":12,"token":"ORs"},{"count":11,"token":"in"},{"count":10,"token":"and"},{"count":8,"token":"we"},{"count":7,"token":"have"},{"count":7,"token":"these"},{"count":6,"token":"that"},{"count":6,"token":"a"},{"count":5,"token":"for"},{"count":5,"token":"ligands"},{"count":5,"token":"known"},{"count":4,"token":"as"},{"count":4,"token":"receptors"},{"count":4,"token":"expressed"},{"count":4,"token":"which"},{"count":4,"token":"surface"},{"count":4,"token":"compounds"},{"count":4,"token":"or"},{"count":3,"token":"kidney"},{"count":3,"token":"is"},{"count":3,"token":"with"},{"count":3,"token":"In"},{"count":3,"token":"identified"},{"count":3,"token":"5"},{"count":3,"token":"previously"},{"count":3,"token":"novel"},{"count":3,"token":"7"},{"count":3,"token":"Olfr461,"},{"count":3,"token":"Olfr1034,"},{"count":3,"token":"physiological"},{"count":3,"token":"activate"},{"count":3,"token":"into"},{"count":3,"token":"were"},{"count":3,"token":"using"},{"count":3,"token":"cell"},{"count":3,"token":"screened"},{"count":3,"token":"none"},{"count":3,"token":"activated"},{"count":3,"token":"this"},{"count":2,"token":"function"},{"count":2,"token":"studies"},{"count":2,"token":"olfactory"},{"count":2,"token":"function."},{"count":2,"token":"are"},{"count":2,"token":"often"},{"count":2,"token":"renal"},{"count":2,"token":"cortex,"},{"count":2,"token":"including"},{"count":2,"token":"published"},{"count":2,"token":"kidney,"},{"count":2,"token":"6"},{"count":2,"token":"ligand"},{"count":2,"token":"Olfr90,"},{"count":2,"token":"Olfr558,"},{"count":2,"token":"better"},{"count":2,"token":"determine"},{"count":2,"token":"provide"},{"count":2,"token":"performed"},{"count":2,"token":"dependent"},{"count":2,"token":"luciferase"},{"count":2,"token":"surface."},{"count":2,"token":"expression"},{"count":2,"token":"ORs,"},{"count":2,"token":"flag"},{"count":2,"token":"cells"},{"count":2,"token":"trafficked"},{"count":2,"token":"library"},{"count":2,"token":"ligands,"},{"count":2,"token":"be"},{"count":2,"token":"other"},{"count":2,"token":"odorant"},{"count":2,"token":"by"},{"count":2,"token":"both"},{"count":2,"token":"acid"},{"count":2,"token":"(p<0.05"},{"count":2,"token":"vs"},{"count":2,"token":"control"},{"count":2,"token":"date,"},{"count":2,"token":"10"},{"count":2,"token":"fungal"},{"count":1,"token":"Characterizing"},{"count":1,"token":"Novel"},{"count":1,"token":"Olfactory"},{"count":1,"token":"Receptors"},{"count":1,"token":"Expressed"},{"count":1,"token":"Renal"},{"count":1,"token":"Cortex"},{"count":1,"token":"A"},{"count":1,"token":"primary"},{"count":1,"token":"maintain"},{"count":1,"token":"homeostasis."},{"count":1,"token":"Recent"},{"count":1,"token":"shown"},{"count":1,"token":"specialized"},{"count":1,"token":"G\u2010protein"},{"count":1,"token":"coupled"},{"count":1,"token":"receptors,"}],"year":2019},"source":"s2","version":"v3-fos"}
| 743 |
pes2o-9741343
|
The Left-Right Semantics and the New Politics Cleavage
Since the 1960s, political scientists have debated the continued relevance of the left-right vocabulary for structuring policy choices and party affiliation in the mass publics of modern democracies. With the rise of “new politics” and “left-libertarian” movements and parties that try to redefine the political agenda of advanced democracies this issue has gained additional interest. In this article we first present four theories about the decline, persistence, transformation, or pluralization of the meaning new politics activists give to the left-right language. Then we explore how new politics activists in the Belgian ecology parties Agalev and Ecolo construct the meaning of left and right. For ecology party militants, this terminology still has an economic meaning, yet also gains a cultural significance that relates to the choice between a modern, highly centralized, and differentiated society and efforts to create a postmodern, decentralized, and more communitarian social order. Thus our data support the argument of pluralization theory that the meaning of left and right becomes multidimensional.
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pes2o
|
{"added":"2019-05-04T13:07:12.252Z","created":"1990-07-01T00:00:00.000Z","id":"143979683","metadata":{"abstract":"Since the 1960s, political scientists have debated the continued relevance of the left-right vocabulary for structuring policy choices and party affiliation in the mass publics of modern democracies. With the rise of \u201cnew politics\u201d and \u201cleft-libertarian\u201d movements and parties that try to redefine the political agenda of advanced democracies this issue has gained additional interest. In this article we first present four theories about the decline, persistence, transformation, or pluralization of the meaning new politics activists give to the left-right language. Then we explore how new politics activists in the Belgian ecology parties Agalev and Ecolo construct the meaning of left and right. For ecology party militants, this terminology still has an economic meaning, yet also gains a cultural significance that relates to the choice between a modern, highly centralized, and differentiated society and efforts to create a postmodern, decentralized, and more communitarian social order. Thus our data support the argument of pluralization theory that the meaning of left and right becomes multidimensional.","abstract_count":163,"abstract_language":"en","abstract_perplexity":-13.84574523607545,"extfieldsofstudy":["Sociology"],"provenance":"pes2o_v2-0002.json.gz:2002142","s2fieldsofstudy":["Political Science"],"sha1":"90b148e9a81c3a18cb7f64777e38faded5dbca3e","sources":["Unpaywall","MAG","MergedPDFExtraction","Sage"],"title":"The Left-Right Semantics and the New Politics Cleavage","title_count":8,"title_language":"en","title_perplexity":-12.468738650372796,"top_frequencies":[{"count":15,"token":"the"},{"count":10,"token":"and"},{"count":8,"token":"of"},{"count":4,"token":"to"},{"count":3,"token":"that"},{"count":3,"token":"this"},{"count":3,"token":"meaning"},{"count":3,"token":"a"},{"count":2,"token":"political"},{"count":2,"token":"left-right"},{"count":2,"token":"party"},{"count":2,"token":"in"},{"count":2,"token":"parties"},{"count":2,"token":"has"},{"count":2,"token":"we"},{"count":2,"token":"pluralization"},{"count":2,"token":"new"},{"count":2,"token":"politics"},{"count":2,"token":"activists"},{"count":2,"token":"ecology"},{"count":2,"token":"left"},{"count":1,"token":"The"},{"count":1,"token":"Left-Right"},{"count":1,"token":"Semantics"},{"count":1,"token":"New"},{"count":1,"token":"Politics"},{"count":1,"token":"Cleavage"},{"count":1,"token":"Since"},{"count":1,"token":"1960s,"},{"count":1,"token":"scientists"},{"count":1,"token":"have"},{"count":1,"token":"debated"},{"count":1,"token":"continued"},{"count":1,"token":"relevance"},{"count":1,"token":"vocabulary"},{"count":1,"token":"for"},{"count":1,"token":"structuring"},{"count":1,"token":"policy"},{"count":1,"token":"choices"},{"count":1,"token":"affiliation"},{"count":1,"token":"mass"},{"count":1,"token":"publics"},{"count":1,"token":"modern"},{"count":1,"token":"democracies."},{"count":1,"token":"With"},{"count":1,"token":"rise"},{"count":1,"token":"\u201cnew"},{"count":1,"token":"politics\u201d"},{"count":1,"token":"\u201cleft-libertarian\u201d"},{"count":1,"token":"movements"},{"count":1,"token":"try"},{"count":1,"token":"redefine"},{"count":1,"token":"agenda"},{"count":1,"token":"advanced"},{"count":1,"token":"democracies"},{"count":1,"token":"issue"},{"count":1,"token":"gained"},{"count":1,"token":"additional"},{"count":1,"token":"interest."},{"count":1,"token":"In"},{"count":1,"token":"article"},{"count":1,"token":"first"},{"count":1,"token":"present"},{"count":1,"token":"four"},{"count":1,"token":"theories"},{"count":1,"token":"about"},{"count":1,"token":"decline,"},{"count":1,"token":"persistence,"},{"count":1,"token":"transformation,"},{"count":1,"token":"or"},{"count":1,"token":"give"},{"count":1,"token":"language."},{"count":1,"token":"Then"},{"count":1,"token":"explore"},{"count":1,"token":"how"},{"count":1,"token":"Belgian"},{"count":1,"token":"Agalev"},{"count":1,"token":"Ecolo"},{"count":1,"token":"construct"},{"count":1,"token":"right."},{"count":1,"token":"For"},{"count":1,"token":"militants,"},{"count":1,"token":"terminology"},{"count":1,"token":"still"},{"count":1,"token":"an"},{"count":1,"token":"economic"},{"count":1,"token":"meaning,"},{"count":1,"token":"yet"},{"count":1,"token":"also"},{"count":1,"token":"gains"},{"count":1,"token":"cultural"},{"count":1,"token":"significance"},{"count":1,"token":"relates"},{"count":1,"token":"choice"},{"count":1,"token":"between"},{"count":1,"token":"modern,"},{"count":1,"token":"highly"},{"count":1,"token":"centralized,"},{"count":1,"token":"differentiated"},{"count":1,"token":"society"}],"year":1990},"source":"s2","version":"v3-fos"}
| 220 |
pes2o-19724039
|
Scattering pulse-induced temporal contrast degradation in chirped-pulse amplification lasers.
Herein, a theory for modeling the problem of scattering pulse-induced temporal contrast degradation in chirped-pulse amplification (CPA) lasers is introduced. Using this model, the temporal evolutions of the scattering and signal pulses were simulated, the temporal contrasts for different cases were compared, and finally the theoretical prediction was verified by an experimental demonstration. The result shows that the picosecond and the nanosecond temporal contrast is mainly determined by the scattering pulses generated in the stretcher and the compressor, respectively. In addition, the B-integral accumulation will further degrade the temporal contrast, especially the picosecond temporal contrast. We believe it is helpful for solving the problem of the picosecond pedestal contrast (i.e., noise limit). With reference to these results, some suggestions for the temporal contrast improvement are presented.
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pes2o
|
{"added":"2018-04-03T02:48:27.781Z","created":"2017-09-04T00:00:00.000Z","id":"34986336","metadata":{"abstract":"Herein, a theory for modeling the problem of scattering pulse-induced temporal contrast degradation in chirped-pulse amplification (CPA) lasers is introduced. Using this model, the temporal evolutions of the scattering and signal pulses were simulated, the temporal contrasts for different cases were compared, and finally the theoretical prediction was verified by an experimental demonstration. The result shows that the picosecond and the nanosecond temporal contrast is mainly determined by the scattering pulses generated in the stretcher and the compressor, respectively. In addition, the B-integral accumulation will further degrade the temporal contrast, especially the picosecond temporal contrast. We believe it is helpful for solving the problem of the picosecond pedestal contrast (i.e., noise limit). With reference to these results, some suggestions for the temporal contrast improvement are presented.","abstract_count":126,"abstract_language":"en","abstract_perplexity":-14.699920309301437,"extfieldsofstudy":["Physics","Medicine"],"provenance":"pes2o_v2-0005.json.gz:361304","s2fieldsofstudy":["Physics"],"sha1":"81da3629c6094e69a254ea0b912ebc02fea3efba","sources":["Unpaywall","Medline","MAG"],"title":"Scattering pulse-induced temporal contrast degradation in chirped-pulse amplification lasers.","title_count":9,"title_language":"en","title_perplexity":-19.026754887563005,"top_frequencies":[{"count":16,"token":"the"},{"count":8,"token":"temporal"},{"count":5,"token":"contrast"},{"count":4,"token":"for"},{"count":4,"token":"and"},{"count":3,"token":"in"},{"count":3,"token":"of"},{"count":3,"token":"scattering"},{"count":3,"token":"is"},{"count":3,"token":"picosecond"},{"count":2,"token":"pulse-induced"},{"count":2,"token":"degradation"},{"count":2,"token":"chirped-pulse"},{"count":2,"token":"amplification"},{"count":2,"token":"problem"},{"count":2,"token":"pulses"},{"count":2,"token":"were"},{"count":2,"token":"by"},{"count":1,"token":"Scattering"},{"count":1,"token":"lasers."},{"count":1,"token":"Herein,"},{"count":1,"token":"a"},{"count":1,"token":"theory"},{"count":1,"token":"modeling"},{"count":1,"token":"(CPA)"},{"count":1,"token":"lasers"},{"count":1,"token":"introduced."},{"count":1,"token":"Using"},{"count":1,"token":"this"},{"count":1,"token":"model,"},{"count":1,"token":"evolutions"},{"count":1,"token":"signal"},{"count":1,"token":"simulated,"},{"count":1,"token":"contrasts"},{"count":1,"token":"different"},{"count":1,"token":"cases"},{"count":1,"token":"compared,"},{"count":1,"token":"finally"},{"count":1,"token":"theoretical"},{"count":1,"token":"prediction"},{"count":1,"token":"was"},{"count":1,"token":"verified"},{"count":1,"token":"an"},{"count":1,"token":"experimental"},{"count":1,"token":"demonstration."},{"count":1,"token":"The"},{"count":1,"token":"result"},{"count":1,"token":"shows"},{"count":1,"token":"that"},{"count":1,"token":"nanosecond"},{"count":1,"token":"mainly"},{"count":1,"token":"determined"},{"count":1,"token":"generated"},{"count":1,"token":"stretcher"},{"count":1,"token":"compressor,"},{"count":1,"token":"respectively."},{"count":1,"token":"In"},{"count":1,"token":"addition,"},{"count":1,"token":"B-integral"},{"count":1,"token":"accumulation"},{"count":1,"token":"will"},{"count":1,"token":"further"},{"count":1,"token":"degrade"},{"count":1,"token":"contrast,"},{"count":1,"token":"especially"},{"count":1,"token":"contrast."},{"count":1,"token":"We"},{"count":1,"token":"believe"},{"count":1,"token":"it"},{"count":1,"token":"helpful"},{"count":1,"token":"solving"},{"count":1,"token":"pedestal"},{"count":1,"token":"(i.e.,"},{"count":1,"token":"noise"},{"count":1,"token":"limit)."},{"count":1,"token":"With"},{"count":1,"token":"reference"},{"count":1,"token":"to"},{"count":1,"token":"these"},{"count":1,"token":"results,"},{"count":1,"token":"some"},{"count":1,"token":"suggestions"},{"count":1,"token":"improvement"},{"count":1,"token":"are"},{"count":1,"token":"presented."}],"year":2017},"source":"s2","version":"v3-fos"}
| 180 |
flan-6219916
|
Problem: Sólo píldoras que usan puro y prima de Garcinia cambogia dará resultados rápidos de pérdida de peso. ** English?
Answer: Only pills that use pure and premium Garcinia Cambogia will yield fast weight reduction results.
Problem: Paseo virtual por los alrededores del camping Mougas en Santa María de Oia ** English?
Answer: Virtual tour around the campsite Mougas Santa María de Oia
Problem: Destaca por su estrecho diámetro y pequeño radio de giro. ** English?
Answer: It stands out for its narrow diameter and small turning circle radius.
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flan
|
{"attributes":{"dedupe_ngrams_8_1_all_train":[[0.0,122.0,0.0],[123.0,228.0,0.0],[230.0,326.0,0.0],[327.0,394.0,0.0],[396.0,475.0,0.0],[476.0,555.0,0.0]],"paloma_paragraphs":[]},"id":"a994af11959c00fc5c917c2944e03c2a","metadata":{"_replicate":0,"_task_name":"para_crawl_enes","_task_source":"Flan2021","_template_idx":1,"_template_type":"fs_noopt","provenance":"60M-shots_all-upweight_1-dialog_false-sep_rulebased-train-0004.json.gz:45320"},"source":"flan_v2"}
| 160 |
pes2o-4905110
|
Reply to comment on “Hydrocarbon emissions characterization in the Colorado Front Range—A pilot study” by Michael A. Levi
The Comment by Levi (2012) on our paper, Pétron et al. (2012), presents a different interpretation of the atmospheric data and inventory estimates we used to derive our conclusions about methane emissions from oil and natural gas development in the Denver‐Julesburg Basin (DJB) in Weld County, Colorado. Levi's (2012) Comment brings up new issues that point to the need for additional information. We maintain the value of the results derived in Pétron et al. (2012), particularly that vented and fugitive methane emissions from Weld County's fossil fuel exploration and production in 2008 were likely larger and more uncertain than values reported by emission inventories. Our findings rely on the interpretation of high‐quality atmospheric observations using existing inventory data provided by the industry and regulatory agencies and on reasonable assumptions about the average vented raw gas composition. However, Levi (2012) has caused us to extend our analysis and to better characterize the uncertainties associated with his and with our approaches. In this Reply, we examine some critical limitations of the Pétron et al. (2012) and Levi (2012) interpretations of the atmospheric data using simple, two‐source emission models that incorporate inventory data sets of unknown reliability. We present new evidence that the regulatory estimates of flashing emission and regulatory modeled composition profiles for a limited number of condensate tanks, the starting point for the calculations of Pétron et al. (2012) and Levi (2012), probably do not represent the true range of these parameters for the thousands of such sources across the DJB in 2008. The results of Levi (2012) suggest that leakage in Weld County in 2008 was biased toward dry gas wells, which disagrees with current inventories of venting and fugitive emissions in U.S. oil and gas fields, including the DJB. Most importantly, the indirect flux derivations undertaken by Levi (2012) and Pétron et al. (2012) highlight two inherent shortcomings common to most emissions inventories: their reliance on the extrapolation of very limited information and the difficulty in carrying out a full uncertainty analysis of such datasets. We agree with Levi (2012) that there is an urgent need to statistically document the composition profiles and magnitudes of significant sources in oil‐ and gas‐producing fields. Observations‐based methods with established uncertainties and that are completely independent of inventory information could directly quantify emission strengths and compositions of both point and aggregated area sources, providing an objective assessment of inventory methodology and estimates.
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pes2o
|
{"added":"2019-04-24T13:05:15.049Z","created":"2013-01-16T00:00:00.000Z","id":"128699871","metadata":{"abstract":"The Comment by Levi (2012) on our paper, P\u00e9tron et al. (2012), presents a different interpretation of the atmospheric data and inventory estimates we used to derive our conclusions about methane emissions from oil and natural gas development in the Denver\u2010Julesburg Basin (DJB) in Weld County, Colorado. Levi's (2012) Comment brings up new issues that point to the need for additional information. We maintain the value of the results derived in P\u00e9tron et al. (2012), particularly that vented and fugitive methane emissions from Weld County's fossil fuel exploration and production in 2008 were likely larger and more uncertain than values reported by emission inventories. Our findings rely on the interpretation of high\u2010quality atmospheric observations using existing inventory data provided by the industry and regulatory agencies and on reasonable assumptions about the average vented raw gas composition. However, Levi (2012) has caused us to extend our analysis and to better characterize the uncertainties associated with his and with our approaches. In this Reply, we examine some critical limitations of the P\u00e9tron et al. (2012) and Levi (2012) interpretations of the atmospheric data using simple, two\u2010source emission models that incorporate inventory data sets of unknown reliability. We present new evidence that the regulatory estimates of flashing emission and regulatory modeled composition profiles for a limited number of condensate tanks, the starting point for the calculations of P\u00e9tron et al. (2012) and Levi (2012), probably do not represent the true range of these parameters for the thousands of such sources across the DJB in 2008. The results of Levi (2012) suggest that leakage in Weld County in 2008 was biased toward dry gas wells, which disagrees with current inventories of venting and fugitive emissions in U.S. oil and gas fields, including the DJB. Most importantly, the indirect flux derivations undertaken by Levi (2012) and P\u00e9tron et al. (2012) highlight two inherent shortcomings common to most emissions inventories: their reliance on the extrapolation of very limited information and the difficulty in carrying out a full uncertainty analysis of such datasets. We agree with Levi (2012) that there is an urgent need to statistically document the composition profiles and magnitudes of significant sources in oil\u2010 and gas\u2010producing fields. Observations\u2010based methods with established uncertainties and that are completely independent of inventory information could directly quantify emission strengths and compositions of both point and aggregated area sources, providing an objective assessment of inventory methodology and estimates.","abstract_count":399,"abstract_language":"en","abstract_perplexity":-14.888825066875684,"extfieldsofstudy":["Environmental Science","Geology"],"provenance":"pes2o_v2-0001.json.gz:1042579","s2fieldsofstudy":["Environmental Science"],"sha1":"6e0f216005b3b3afbede50f56eb8f9086bdf4535","sources":["ScienceParsePlus","MergedPDFExtraction","Wiley","Unpaywall","MAG"],"title":"Reply to comment on \u201cHydrocarbon emissions characterization in the Colorado Front Range\u2014A pilot study\u201d by Michael A. Levi","title_count":18,"title_language":"en","title_perplexity":-14.469128792141356,"top_frequencies":[{"count":23,"token":"the"},{"count":22,"token":"and"},{"count":19,"token":"of"},{"count":11,"token":"in"},{"count":10,"token":"(2012)"},{"count":8,"token":"Levi"},{"count":7,"token":"to"},{"count":7,"token":"that"},{"count":5,"token":"on"},{"count":5,"token":"emissions"},{"count":5,"token":"by"},{"count":5,"token":"P\u00e9tron"},{"count":5,"token":"et"},{"count":5,"token":"al."},{"count":5,"token":"inventory"},{"count":5,"token":"with"},{"count":4,"token":"our"},{"count":4,"token":"data"},{"count":4,"token":"gas"},{"count":4,"token":"for"},{"count":4,"token":"emission"},{"count":3,"token":"(2012),"},{"count":3,"token":"a"},{"count":3,"token":"atmospheric"},{"count":3,"token":"Weld"},{"count":3,"token":"point"},{"count":3,"token":"We"},{"count":3,"token":"regulatory"},{"count":2,"token":"The"},{"count":2,"token":"Comment"},{"count":2,"token":"interpretation"},{"count":2,"token":"estimates"},{"count":2,"token":"we"},{"count":2,"token":"about"},{"count":2,"token":"methane"},{"count":2,"token":"from"},{"count":2,"token":"oil"},{"count":2,"token":"new"},{"count":2,"token":"need"},{"count":2,"token":"results"},{"count":2,"token":"vented"},{"count":2,"token":"fugitive"},{"count":2,"token":"2008"},{"count":2,"token":"using"},{"count":2,"token":"analysis"},{"count":2,"token":"uncertainties"},{"count":2,"token":"composition"},{"count":2,"token":"profiles"},{"count":2,"token":"limited"},{"count":2,"token":"such"},{"count":2,"token":"sources"},{"count":2,"token":"information"},{"count":2,"token":"an"},{"count":1,"token":"Reply"},{"count":1,"token":"comment"},{"count":1,"token":"\u201cHydrocarbon"},{"count":1,"token":"characterization"},{"count":1,"token":"Colorado"},{"count":1,"token":"Front"},{"count":1,"token":"Range\u2014A"},{"count":1,"token":"pilot"},{"count":1,"token":"study\u201d"},{"count":1,"token":"Michael"},{"count":1,"token":"A."},{"count":1,"token":"paper,"},{"count":1,"token":"presents"},{"count":1,"token":"different"},{"count":1,"token":"used"},{"count":1,"token":"derive"},{"count":1,"token":"conclusions"},{"count":1,"token":"natural"},{"count":1,"token":"development"},{"count":1,"token":"Denver\u2010Julesburg"},{"count":1,"token":"Basin"},{"count":1,"token":"(DJB)"},{"count":1,"token":"County,"},{"count":1,"token":"Colorado."},{"count":1,"token":"Levi's"},{"count":1,"token":"brings"},{"count":1,"token":"up"},{"count":1,"token":"issues"},{"count":1,"token":"additional"},{"count":1,"token":"information."},{"count":1,"token":"maintain"},{"count":1,"token":"value"},{"count":1,"token":"derived"},{"count":1,"token":"particularly"},{"count":1,"token":"County's"},{"count":1,"token":"fossil"},{"count":1,"token":"fuel"},{"count":1,"token":"exploration"},{"count":1,"token":"production"},{"count":1,"token":"were"},{"count":1,"token":"likely"},{"count":1,"token":"larger"},{"count":1,"token":"more"},{"count":1,"token":"uncertain"},{"count":1,"token":"than"},{"count":1,"token":"values"},{"count":1,"token":"reported"}],"year":2013},"source":"s2","version":"v3-fos"}
| 526 |
pes2o-31085623
|
Use of an Ecosystem-Based Approach to Shed Light on the Heterogeneity of the Contamination Pattern of Listeria monocytogenes on Conveyor Belt Surfaces in a Swine Slaughterhouse in the Province of Quebec, Canada
The role of the accompanying microbiota in the presence of Listeria monocytogenes on meat processing surfaces is not yet understood, especially in industrial production conditions. In this study, 300 conveyor belt samples from the cutting room of a swine slaughterhouse were collected during production. The samples were subjected to the detection of L. monocytogenes. Recovered strains were characterized by serogrouping-PCR, InlA Sanger sequencing and for their ability to form biofilm. A selection of isolates was compared with core genome multi-locus sequence typing analysis (cgMLST). The sequencing of the V4 region of the 16S RNA gene of the microorganisms harvested from each sample was carried out in parallel using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Diversity analyses were performed and MaAsLin analysis was used to assess the link between L. monocytogenes detection and the surrounding bacteria. The 72 isolates collected showed a low genetic diversity and important persistence characteristics. L. monocytogenes isolates were not stochastically distributed on the surfaces: the isolates were detected on three out of six production lines, each associated with a specific meat cut: the half carcasses, the bostons and the picnics. MaAsLin biomarker analysis identified the taxa Veillonella (p ≤ 0.0397) as a bacterial determinant of the presence of L. monocytogenes on processing surfaces. The results of this study revealed a heterogenous contamination pattern of the processing surfaces by L. monocytogenes and targeted a bacterial indicator of the presence of the pathogen. These results could lead to a better risk assessment of the contamination of meat products.
Introduction
Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen and the etiological agent of human listeriosis. In its invasive form, this disease affects immunocompromised individuals, the elderly population, pregnant women, and newborns. Within this population Listeria monocytogenes can cause septicemia, meningoencephalitis and miscarriage, and presents a high mortality rate (15-20%) [1,2]. The main route of human contamination is through the consumption of food contaminated by the pathogen.
Multiple listeriosis outbreaks associated with Ready-To-Eat meat (RTE) products have been reported across the globe [3,4]. In 2008, Canada experienced the largest outbreak in its history. It was linked to the contamination of deli-meat by the food processing environment (57 cases, 24 deaths) [5][6][7]. The post-thermal treatment contamination of the meat products during processing procedures is frequently involved as the cause of outbreaks. For such cross-contamination to occur it is essential that L. monocytogenes has been introduced into the facility, leading to the colonization of the RTE processing environment [8]. Nastasijevic et al. (2017) reported two pairs of Listeria monocytogenes isolates, genetically identical, harvested from a dispatch unit of a RTE facility and from a water drain and a floor-wall junction of a slaughterhouse [8]. Bolocan et al. (2015) showed that a new meat processing facility can be colonized by L. monocytogenes as soon as contaminated raw materials are brought into the production environment [9]. Thus, the tracking of the spreading routes of L. monocytogenes at the slaughterhouse is crucial to prevent the introduction of the pathogen to the RTE processing environment and its transfer to RTE meat products [8].
It has been shown that clones of Listeria monocytogenes harvested from the food processing environment possess differences in their pathogenic potential or survival rate. Isolates from the serotypes 4b, 1/2a and 1/2b are overrepresented in human listeriosis. These three serotypes are responsible for more than 95% of human listeriosis cases [10,11].
Different rapid first line molecular and classical typing methods such as PCR-serogrouping can be used for the screening of multiple isolates and to give a general idea of the diversity of the L. monocytogenes population present in an environment [12]. Moreover, the recent implementation of the Listeria monocytogenes Core Genome Multilocus Sequence Typing (cgMLST) allows for a more powerful detection of clusters of listeriosis as well as for the identification of multiple genes of interest [13]. The Listeria Pathogenicity Island-I (LIPI-1) is an important virulence marker which includes, among others, the gene coding for the internalin A. LIPI-1 is regulated by the prfA gene which signals the transition between the extracellular and the intracellular lifestyles of the bacteria [14]. It is known that the gene encoding internalin A can harbor premature STOP codons (PMSC) that can lead to a decrease of the virulence of the bacteria [15][16][17][18]. Two Survival Islets, Stress Survival Islet 1 (SSI-1) and Stress Survival Islet 2 (SSI-2), are known to be important in the survival of Listeria monocytogenes to stresses encountered in the production environment [19]. The bcrABC genes have also been identified to be beneficial to the bacteria regarding its tolerance to benzalkonium chloride [20][21][22]. Taken together, the results of first lines typing methods, the identification of virulence, antimicrobial resistance, and stress tolerance genes by cgMLST, as well as the assignment of cgMLST types, could provide a prediction of the diversity of the L. monocytogenes population in a given environment, and thus clues as to the involvement of persistence or recurrence scenarios.
However, the results of several studies suggested that no individual characteristic responsible for strain-to-strain variation is sufficient to explain why some Listeria monocytogenes subtypes can better survive in the food processing environment [23,24]. The resident microbiota has been put forward as a hypothesis to explain the presence of L. monocytogenes in the processing environment. Indeed, the background microbiota is known to play a role in the protection of pathogens. [25]. In food facilities, Listeria monocytogenes can be found associated with other microorganisms in multispecies biofilms [26,27]. The interactions between the microorganisms and Listeria monocytogenes have been shown to modify the capacity of the pathogen to colonize facilities [28][29][30][31], implicating positive effects such as resistance to disinfectants and enhanced adherence to surfaces [32] as well as negative effects such as nutrient-limiting conditions and the production of antilisterial compounds [33,34].
Several studies have shown that during the processing of carcasses at the slaughterhouse, a microbiota can survive, come into contact with food-contact surfaces such as conveyor belts, detach and therefore contaminate the food product [11]. In fact, in the case of Listeria monocytogenes, the most frequent pathway of contamination of food products is by cross-contamination with food processing surfaces [29,35,36]. This type of transfer of the pathogen has been identified as the cause of outbreaks of listeriosis [37]. Biofilms can establish themselves in irregularities on the surface of conveyors and thus become sites of contamination during the passage of food products [38][39][40] In a recent review on the microbial diversity and ecology of biofilms associated with L. monocytogenes in the industry environment, Fagerlund et al. (2021) highlighted the need for high throughput sequencing (HTS) technology approaches for the detection of interactions between the members of microbial communities present in the biofilms found on industrial surfaces. [41]. Several studies have carried out the analysis of the microbiota and the detection of Listeria monocytogenes for the same surface or sample [42][43][44]. However, most of them have chosen classical culture-dependent techniques for the characterization of the microbiota. Thus, the results obtained from these studies represent an approximation of the composition of the microbiota since only a small portion of cultivable bacteria are taken into account [45].
Advances in HTS sequencing have resulted in the development of rapid and efficient methods for the characterization of the composition of microbial communities. These HTS approaches allow the detection of non-cultivable bacteria as well as the detection, due to their high sensitivity, of nondominant bacteria. In recent years, few studies have employed HTS technology to attempt the identification of the bacterial genus potentially implicated in the presence of Listeria monocytogenes on surfaces in the food industry [28,39,[45][46][47][48]. These studies successfully identified dominating bacteria found in the environment microbiota when Listeria monocytogenes was present or absent. Rodriguez-Lopez et al. (2019) identified the Actinobacteria as the most present taxa in a sample from a meat facility surface [45]. Liu et al. (2016) showed that Pseudomonas psychrophila, Pseudomonas sp., Klebsiella sp., Klebsiella oxytoca and Aeromonas hydrophila were dominant in the microbial community of Listeria-positive drain samples [46]. Another study from Tan et al. (2019) revealed a distinct microbiota in a facility with a higher occurrence of Listeria monocytogenes [28]. This distinct microbiota was predominated with Pseudomonadaceae and the fungal family Dipodascaceae. These results reinforce the idea that the composition of the environmental microbiota may be of interest for the identification of contamination by L. monocytogenes [41].
However, all the above studies focused on dominant members of the microbiota community found at the same location as L. monocytogenes, while nondominant members may play an important role in the establishment of the pathogen [41]. In addition, these studies rely on a correlation between the simultaneous presence of L. monocytogenes and certain dominant members of the accompanying microbiota, without ensuring that the observed changes are not due to confounding factors such as time and location. Knowing that there is evidence of microbial niche partitioning in the food processing environment ( [49,50] and since the bacteria identified as associated with the presence of Listeria monocytogenes have been, until now, those which usually dominate in the production environment, there is a need for studies that can identify bacterial determinants positively and negatively associated with the presence of the pathogen on a same surface, in a restricted area [51] and in the same time frame [52]. The objectives of this study were to (i) characterize the genomic diversity of Listeria monocytogenes isolates harvested from the six conveyor belts of the cutting room of a swine slaughterhouse, (ii) to evaluate the heterogeneity of the spatial and temporal contamination of these surfaces by the pathogen and (iii) to identify, using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, microbial determinants of the presence or absence of the bacteria. We think that the outcomes of this study will allow a more accurate understanding of the contamination of the pork raw material by L. monocytogenes and ultimately contribute to the improvement of the management of food safety regarding the pathogen.
Listeria monocytogenes Detection
A total of 72 Listeria monocytogenes isolates were collected from the conveyor belt surfaces of the cutting room of a swine slaughterhouse during six visits (see Figure 1). The isolates were only found on three out of six conveyors: 24 on the main conveyor (half-carcasses), 28 on the conveyor for bostons and 20 on the conveyor for picnics. The conveyor for bellies, the conveyor for loins and the conveyor for hams were systematically negative. Eighteen isolates were found during the second visit, and 24, 10, 12 and eight isolates were found during the third, the fourth, the fifth and the sixth visits, respectively (see Figure 2). The number of isolates per conveyor was shown to be significantly different (p = 0.003) while the difference among the number of isolates per visit did not show a significant difference (p = 0.2105) using ANOVA with a significant level of 0.05 and the Geisser-Greenhouse correction.
Listeria Monocytogenes Detection
A total of 72 Listeria monocytogenes isolates were collected from the conveyor belt surfaces of the cutting room of a swine slaughterhouse during six visits (see Figure 1). The isolates were only found on three out of six conveyors: 24 on the main conveyor (halfcarcasses), 28 on the conveyor for bostons and 20 on the conveyor for picnics. The conveyor for bellies, the conveyor for loins and the conveyor for hams were systematically negative. Eighteen isolates were found during the second visit, and 24, 10, 12 and eight isolates were found during the third, the fourth, the fifth and the sixth visits, respectively (see Figure 2). The number of isolates per conveyor was shown to be significantly different (p = 0.003) while the difference among the number of isolates per visit did not show a significant difference (p = 0.2105) using ANOVA with a significant level of 0.05 and the Geisser-Greenhouse correction.
Listeria Monocytogenes Detection
A total of 72 Listeria monocytogenes isolates were collected from the conveyor belt surfaces of the cutting room of a swine slaughterhouse during six visits (see Figure 1). The isolates were only found on three out of six conveyors: 24 on the main conveyor (halfcarcasses), 28 on the conveyor for bostons and 20 on the conveyor for picnics. The conveyor for bellies, the conveyor for loins and the conveyor for hams were systematically negative. Eighteen isolates were found during the second visit, and 24, 10, 12 and eight isolates were found during the third, the fourth, the fifth and the sixth visits, respectively (see Figure 2). The number of isolates per conveyor was shown to be significantly different (p = 0.003) while the difference among the number of isolates per visit did not show a significant difference (p = 0.2105) using ANOVA with a significant level of 0.05 and the Geisser-Greenhouse correction.
Determination of the Ability to Form Biofilm
The ability of each isolate to produce a biofilm at 30 • C and 12 • C (in order to get closer to the temperature found in a cutting room at the slaughterhouse) on a microtiter plate was evaluated. Crystal violet assays were performed and the measurements of the absorbance at 595 nm of the level of coloration resulting from the dissolution of the colored biofilm by the addition of alcohol were obtained. To control the possible variation in the results caused by the use of multiple microtiter plates, the level of biofilm production of each isolate was expressed as a proportion. This proportion had as numerator the absorbance of each isolate and had as denominator the absorbance of a reference strain (C.R.S.V. 3C15). The isolates were distributed according to their distance from the reference strain. The quarter of isolates with the lowest ratios were classified as low biofilm producers, the quarter of isolates with the highest ratios were classified as high biofilm producers and the isolates in the middle half were classified as moderate biofilm producers (see Figure 3). The average ratios obtained at 30 • C ranged from 0.25 to 1.56 and the average ratios obtained at 12 • C ranged from 0.03 to 1.87.
Determination of the Ability to Form Biofilm
The ability of each isolate to produce a biofilm at 30 °C and 12 °C (in order to get closer to the temperature found in a cutting room at the slaughterhouse) on a microtiter plate was evaluated. Crystal violet assays were performed and the measurements of the absorbance at 595 nm of the level of coloration resulting from the dissolution of the colored biofilm by the addition of alcohol were obtained. To control the possible variation in the results caused by the use of multiple microtiter plates, the level of biofilm production of each isolate was expressed as a proportion. This proportion had as numerator the absorbance of each isolate and had as denominator the absorbance of a reference strain (C.R.S.V. 3C15). The isolates were distributed according to their distance from the reference strain. The quarter of isolates with the lowest ratios were classified as low biofilm producers, the quarter of isolates with the highest ratios were classified as high biofilm producers and the isolates in the middle half were classified as moderate biofilm producers (see Figure 3). The average ratios obtained at 30 °C ranged from 0.25 to 1.56 and the average ratios obtained at 12 °C ranged from 0.03 to 1.87. Characterization of the ability of the isolates to produce a biofilm after two days of incubation at 30 °C. The isolates classified as low biofilm producers are represented in green, the moderate biofilm producers in gray, the high biofilms producers in blue and the reference strain from each microtiter plate in purple. (b) Characterization of the ability of the isolates to produce a biofilm after two days of incubation at 30 • C. The isolates classified as low biofilm producers are represented in green, the moderate biofilm producers in gray, the high biofilms producers in blue and the reference strain from each microtiter plate in purple.
Sequencing Data
A total of 11,180,771 sequences were obtained from the sequencing. After the cleaning, this number was reduced to 7,198,363 sequences with an average of 23,437 sequences per sample grouped into 10,280 OTUs. The lowest and the highest number of sequences found in a sample were, respectively, 10,087 and 41,555. The experimentation controls showed an average of 16,536 sequences, the sequencing controls an average of 7692 sequences and the ZymoBIOMICS Microbial Community DNA Standard positive Seventy-eight point nine percent (n = 14) of the isolates harbored a PMSC in the inlA which is consistent with the Sanger sequencing results apart from the V6PI2A isolate whose inlA was characterized as complete by sanger sequencing and truncated by WGS. The two isolates from the L1-SL9-ST122-CT630 harbored a deletion of the transcriptional activator PrfA. The efflux pump system (bcrABC) known to confer benzalkonium chloride tolerance was detected in 78.9% (n = 15) of the isolates. More precisely, the bcrABC system was identified in one isolate from the L1-SL9-ST9-CT606 and the 14 isolates from the L1-SL321-ST321-CT691. The stress survival islet 1 (SSI-1) was detected in all 19 isolates.
Sequencing Data
A total of 11,180,771 sequences were obtained from the sequencing. After the cleaning, this number was reduced to 7,198,363 sequences with an average of 23,437 sequences per sample grouped into 10,280 OTUs. The lowest and the highest number of sequences found in a sample were, respectively, 10,087 and 41,555. The experimentation controls showed an average of 16,536 sequences, the sequencing controls an average of 7692 sequences and the ZymoBIOMICS Microbial Community DNA Standard positive controls an average of 17,733 sequences. The controls were satisfactory including the positive controls in which the eight bacterial genera composing the mock community were found after sequencing in expected proportions. For the remainder of the analysis, sequences from the controls were removed.
Alpha Diversity
For alpha-diversity analysis, a subsampling was conducted, and the diversity indices were calculated with 1000 iterations based on the lowest sequence number per sample (10,087 sequences). Three alpha-diversity indices were used: the average number of observed OTUs (Observed), the evenness of the OTUs found in the samples (Shannon evenness) and the diversity of these OTUs (inverted Simpson's index). Measurements of alpha-diversity indices of the Listeria monocytogenes positive samples and the Listeria monocytogenes negative samples were compared using Student's t-test with a significance level of 0.05 (see Figure S1 and Table 1). Student's t-tests revealed no difference in alpha The means were based on 1000 subsampling of 10,087 sequences. Absence: negative Listeria monocytogenes microbiota in samples, Presence: positive Listeria monocytogenes microbiota in samples.
Beta Diversity
Beta-diversities were compared between the Listeria monocytogenes positive samples and the Listeria monocytogenes negative samples, after a subsampling and the diversity indices were calculated with 1000 iterations based on 10,087 sequences. The similarity of the microbiota structures for the two conditions at the OTU level was compared with an ANOVA using the Jaccard index based on the presence/absence of OTUs, and the Bray-Curtis index based on the relative abundance of OTUs and visualized with 2D nonmetric multidimensional scaling graphs (NMDS) (see Figure 5 and Figure S2). No statistically significant difference was found between the Listeria monocytogenes positive samples and the Listeria monocytogenes negative samples within a same visit (p = 0.08192) or the same conveyor (p = 0.05095) although the p-value of the latter condition was very close to the statistically significant threshold. Multivariate association with linear model analysis (MaAsLin) was conducted to identify OTUs that were significantly associated with the presence or the absence of Listeria monocytogenes within the same visit and the same conveyor. The OTU 00380 associated with the bacterial genera Veillonella showed a positive association with the presence of Listeria monocytogenes (p = 0.0397) (see Figure 6). Multivariate association with linear model analysis (MaAsLin) was conducted to identify OTUs that were significantly associated with the presence or the absence of Listeria monocytogenes within the same visit and the same conveyor. The OTU 00380 associated with the bacterial genera Veillonella showed a positive association with the presence of Listeria monocytogenes (p = 0.0397) (see Figure 6).
Discussion
In our study, a total of 72 isolates collected from 36 Listeria monocytogenes positive samples were harvested from food-contact conveyor belt surfaces corresponding to an incidence of 12.24% (36 out of 294 samples). This incidence rate is relatively low compared to the incidence of Listeria monocytogenes reported in other studies carried out at the slaughterhouse or at processing meat plants. Sala et al. (2016) found an incidence of 25.8% in environmental samples of a swine slaughterhouse [53]. An incidence of 33.3% was associated with the conveyor belt surfaces. Autio et al. (2000) conducted a survey in ten pig slaughterhouses that revealed an overall incidence of 16.77% of L. monocytogenes (5 out of 73 samples). The positive samples sites included saws, drains, doors and tables [54]. Muhterem-Uyar et al. (2015) reported an incidence of Listeria monocytogenes of 18.8%. 26.5% and 50.5% in the environment of three meat processing plants, respectively. The highest incidence rate was associated with the fact that the slaughter and the processing were performed together at that facility [55]. Bolocan et al. (2015) found an incidence of 22.9% on food-contact surfaces including conveyors, tables, slicers, grinders and knives in a meat plant producing ready-to-eat food as well as food requiring cooking while Rodriguez-Lopez et al. (2019) reported an incidence of 36.3% in environmental samples coming from the surfaces of meat processing industries [45,56].
The origin of the sampling sites can be put forward as a hypothesis to explain the low incidence obtained in our study. Our sampling took place in a cutting room, an environment in contact with meat products but with a very little exposure to viscera and other animal wastes. In addition, it has been reported that the degree of contact of a surface with the food products is not predictive of the level of contamination by Listeria monocytogenes [53]. In fact, some studies showed a higher recovery rate of the pathogen on non-food contact surfaces than on food-contact surfaces [53]. However, some studies assert that contact with raw material must be involved in the contamination by Listeria monocytogenes [57]. The variations in the sampling methods of the different studies as well as country-specific washing and disinfection measures may have also contributed to differences in observed incidences.
The Listeria monocytogenes isolates in our study were all found on the same three conveyors: the main conveyor (CP), the conveyor for the bostons (BO) and the conveyor for the picnics (PI). The conveyor for bellies (FL), the conveyor for loins (LO) and the conveyor for hams (FE) were systematically negative to L. monocytogenes even though the same number of samples were taken on all conveyors (48) except for the main conveyor (54). To our knowledge, this is the first time that a study reports a clear preferential localization of Listeria monocytogenes associated with surfaces with identical physical characteristics. In fact, the sampled conveyors all presented the same design and could only be differentiated by the type of meat cut circulating on each of them. Evidence of differences among the microbiota of conveyor belts, harvested on blood agar, has been reported by Fagerlund et al. (2017) [39]. One conveyor associated with a recurrent presence of Listeria monocytogenes presented a very diverse microbiota dominated by Mycobacterium and Epilithonimonas. De Filippis et al. (2013) showed an association among the microbiota found on pieces of meat from the same cut despite belonging to different beef carcasses [58]. Thus, the cuts of the carcass seem to affect the contaminating microbiota found on beef meat. Together these results suggest a role of the background microbiota associated with the different meat cuts in the sheltering of Listeria monocytogenes on certain preferential sites.
The impact of the orientation of the carcass hanging upside down as it enters the cutting room could also represent a hypothesis for the presence of Listeria monocytogenes on conveyors associated with certain pieces of meat. Indeed, the pathogen could be brought to run together with other microorganisms towards the bottom of the carcass, thus preferentially contaminating the parts associated with the top of the animal. Applied to the context of our study, this hypothesis is consistent with the contamination of the conveyors for bostons and picnics but does not explain why conveyors associated with center pieces such as bellies and loins were not found as contaminated.
Another hypothesis that can be considered in the contamination by L. monocytogenes of specific conveyors is the presence of the skin on the pieces of meat that circulate on their surfaces. The half carcasse, the boston, the picnic and the ham are usually pieces of meat with skin, while the bellies and the loins typically do not include skin. Again, applied to the context of the study, this hypothesis is consistent with the contamination of the main conveyor, the conveyor for the bostons and the conveyor for the picnics, but does not explain why the conveyor for the hams was not identified as contaminated by the pathogen.
In our study, the serotype 1/2a was the most dominant representing 61.1% of isolates. Together, serotypes belonging to lineage II (1/2a, 1/2c, 3a and 3c) account for 95.8% of the isolates collected. Four-point two percent of the isolates were associated with serotype 4b (lineage I). These results are not surprising since it is known that lineage II strains are widespread in the natural environment, on farms, in the production environment and are often associated with sporadic cases of listeriosis while lineage I is overrepresented in human listeriosis cases and outbreaks [59]. Martin et al. (2014) also found the isolates belonging to serotypes 1/2a and 1/2c to be dominant in the meat processing environment counting for 36.8% and 34% of the isolates, respectively. The authors found a low percentage of isolates of serotype 4b (11.3%) and 1/2b (17.9%) but no 3c isolate [11]. In another study, Nastasikevic et al. (2017) reported that the eight Listeria monocytogenes isolates harvested from the meat processing environment were associated with serotypes 1/2a, 1/2c and 4b [8]. Serotype 3c has also been reported to be meat-associated, although recovered with a low frequency [60].
In our study, most of the isolates, 86.1% (n = 62), harbored a PMSC in their inlA gene sequence. Interestingly, the production of a complete internalin A was mostly found in serotypes less frequently associated with the production environment: in all the serotype 3c isolates (n = 4), two serotype 3a isolates (n = 8), three serotype 1/2a isolates (n = 44) and one serotype 1/2b isolate (n = 3). Nightingale et al. (2020) reported that the PMSCs in the inlA gene represented a virulence-attenuated subpopulation of Listeria monocytogenes strains, commonly associated with food. The authors also suggested the high occurrence of several distinct PMSC mutation points could be the result of a positive selection for the loss of the cell-wall-anchored InlA in some environments [17].
The ability of the 72 isolates to produce a biofilm at 30 • C and 12 • C was evaluated. Interestingly, the level of biofilm production by low and medium producers was generally higher at 30 • C, but the level of biofilm production by strong producers was higher at 12 • C. This observation could be explained by the fact that the isolates come from a cutting room and several strains are therefore more adapted to low temperatures [61]. However, the incubation time may have also had an impact on the biofilm density.
Nineteen isolates among the 72 characterized were selected to be sequenced and analyzed by cgMLST. A very low genomic diversity was revealed by the analyses. This low diversity can be explained by a persistence of the isolates in the production environment. Indeed, the knowledge that the isolates were collected over a long period of time, in the same cutting room, as well as of their important persistence characteristics and their attribution to old clonal complexes allows us to set the hypothesis of a persistence scenario rather than a recurrent introduction [35].
The analysis classified the isolates in three clonal complexes: CC9, CC321 and CC5. The clonal complex CC5 was associated with the isolates belonging to the IIb PCRserogroup. These isolates were linked to the sublineage SL5. Studies have reported that the CC5-SL5 isolates show a better survival rate in the food processing environment than other isolates [12]. Unlike the study conducted by Muhterem-Uyar et al. (2018), our isolates belonging to the SL5 sublineage did not harbor the bcrABC cassette responsible for tolerance to benzalkonium chloride [62]. The CC5 clonal complex was shown to be associated with the epidemic clone ECVI which was linked to listeriosis outbreaks [62]. Three of the isolates of our study were associated with the clonal complex CC9 and the sublineage SL9. Those isolates were linked to the IIc PCR-serogroup. The clonal complex CC9 has been characterized as hypovirulent and is part of the expansion of some lineage II CCs associated with an adaptation to the food environment [62,63]. The CC321 clonal complex has also been reported to be highly prevalent in the food-associated isolates [64].
In accordance with what has been reported in the literature, our isolates associated with the C321 clonal complex were predominantly of serotype 1/2a [64].
The isolates showed characteristics of attenuated virulence. Fourteen isolates out of nineteen harbored PMSCs in their inlA gene. The Sanger sequencing and the characterization by cgMLST showed the same results with regard to the length of the internalin A apart from the V6PI2A isolate whose InlA was characterized as complete by sanger sequencing and truncated by cgMLST. A mutation following a series of freezing and thawing through time could have occurred, although a maximum of three thawing per aliquot were performed and a collection of colonies from a single plate was used for the sequencing. An analysis error could also have been involved.
The two isolates from the L1-SL9-SL122-CT630 harbored a deletion in the sequence of the transcriptional activator PrfA, the most important regulator of L. monocytogenes virulence and are therefore avirulent [65,66]. The efflux pump system (bcrABC) known to confer benzalkonium chloride tolerance was detected in 78.9% (n = 15) of the isolates making these isolates more likely to survive washing and disinfection procedures [20]. The stress survival islet 1 (SSI-1) was detected in all of the 19 isolates. It has been shown that SSI-1 may contribute to the survival of Listeria monocytogenes under suboptimal conditions as found in the food processing environment [67].
The characteristics harbored by the isolates should allow them to be found on any of the six conveyors sampled, whereas they were systematically found on only three of these conveyors. The accompanying microbiota hypothesis was therefore explored as a possible cause for the heterogeneity in the localization of the pathogen.
In our study, no statistically significant difference was found between the Listeria monocytogenes positive samples and the Listeria monocytogenes negative samples for the alpha diversity. These results suggest that the number of different bacterial genera and the uniformity in the number of representatives of each of these bacterial genera are not affected by the presence of the pathogen. In addition, no statistically significant difference was found between the Listeria monocytogenes positive samples and the Listeria monocytogenes negative samples for the beta diversity, indicating that the structure of the majority and the minority bacterial populations are not affected by the presence of Listeria monocytogenes.
These results must be interpreted in the context of this study. Indeed, samples very close to each other belonging to the same area and collected at the same time were compared in our study. It can be hypothesized that differences in the microbiota structure of such similar samples may be too minor to be revealed by alpha and beta diversity analyses. Although several studies have reported changes in the identity of the dominant species in Listeria monocytogenes positive samples, none of these studies, to our knowledge, have considered the impact of confounding factors such as time and sample location as performed in our study [28,39,[45][46][47][48].
An association in terms of relative abundance was found using the Multivariate association with linear model analysis (MaAsLin). The OTU00380 representing a Veillonella taxa was associated with the presence of Listeria monocytogenes independently of the visit or the conveyor. The higher abundance in Listeria monocytogenes positive samples of this nondominant OTU in the total microbiota of the conveyor surfaces may not have been sufficient on its own to lead to a discernible change in the microbiota structure. [69]. Regarding foodborne pathogens, studies performed by Hinton JR. et al. (1993, 1995, reported that the production of acetate and propionate by Veillonella was correlated with an inhibition of the growth of Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Enteritidis, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa [70][71][72]. The use of anaerobic bacteria such as Veillonella as components of probiotic cultures has been suggested in order to reduce the colonization of young chicks by Salmonella [70]. We believe that the results of our study that successfully identified a positive correlation between the presence of Veillonella and Listeria monocytogenes demonstrate the importance of evaluating the impact of such probiotics on a wide range of food pathogens. To our knowledge, no correlation has been reported to date between the presence of Listeria monocytogenes and Veillonella spp. Our study is the first one to identify the Veillonella genera as a possible indicator of the contamination of food processing surfaces by Listeria monocytogenes.
Sampling
Six visits (distributed over a period of six months) were made to the cutting room of a swine slaughterhouse. A total of 300 conveyor belt sample surfaces (900 cm 2 per sample) in contact with the meat products were collected firstly by brushing the conveyor belts surfaces and secondly by rubbing the surfaces with wipes (Innovation Diagnostics, Saint-Eustache, QC, Canada). Ten mL of a neutralizing solution was previously added to the wipes to avoid the potential effect of cleaner and disinfectant residues on the bacteria (Innovation Diagnostics, Saint-Eustache, QC, Canada). The samples were distributed among the six conveyor belts of the cutting room. Different meat cuts circulate on each conveyor. In total, 54 surface samples were taken on the main conveyor (CP), 48 on the conveyor for bellies (FL), 48 on the conveyor for loins (LO), 48 on the conveyor for the bostons (BO), 48 on the conveyor for picnics (PI) and 48 on the conveyor for hams (FE) (see Figure 1). One experimental control per visit was also taken. The experimental controls were wipes and brushes taken out in the cutting room but that were not in contact with the conveyor belts. All the samples were transported at 4 • C and processed within three hours in the laboratory.
Listeria monocytogenes Detection
At the arrival at the laboratory, each wipe was cut in half under sterile conditions. The first half was used for the detection of Listeria monocytogenes and the second half was used for the harvesting of the total microbiota. One half of each wipe was added to 100 mL of UVM 1 modified broth (Biokar diagnostics, Allonne, France) and incubated at 30 • C for 48 h. A second enrichment was performed in Fraser broth (Biokar diagnostics, Allonne, France). For this purpose, 100 µL of inoculated UVM 1 of each sample was added to 10 mL of Fraser broth and incubated for 24 h at 30 • C. One hundred µL of each inoculated Fraser broth was put on the selective chromogenic medium RAPID' L. mono (BioRad Laboratories inc., Montreal, QC, Canada) and incubated for 24 h at 37 • C. For each positive sample, two presumptive colonies were plated on blood agar and incubated for 24 h at 37 • C. Two colonies per blood agar plate were then tested for rhamnose fermentation by adding each colony to 5 mL of Purple broth base (HiMedia Laboratories, Mumbai, India). The Listeria monocytogenes identity as well as the serogrouping of the isolates were confirmed by PCR as described below. The confirmed L. monocytogenes were stored at −80 • C for further analysis.
Total Microbiota Harvesting
The second half of the wipes was added to 25
Listeria monocytogenes Classical and Molecular Characterization
The isolates were cultured on blood agar at 37 • C for 24 h and a loopful of bacteria was transferred into 50 µL of a 6% chelex solution. The inoculation solution was vortexed (Fisher Scientific, Saint-Laurent, QC, Canada) for 10 s followed by two dry baths: 30 min at 55 • C and 15 min at 98 • C, respectively. The solution was then centrifuged during 5 min at 14,000 rpm and maintained at 4 • C. The supernatant was collected and conserved at −80 • C for further analysis.
The inlA gene of each isolate was sequenced using the Sanger method at the Centre d'Innovation Génome Québec (Applied Biosystems 3730xl DNA analyzer) using four overlapping amplifications. The sequences were aligned and screened for premature STOP codon using Sequencher 5.4.6 software with the sequence of inlA of L. monocytogenes EGD-e (NCBI: NC_003210.1) used as a reference.
The ability of each isolate to produce a single species biofilm at 30 • C and 12 • C on a microtiter plate was evaluated. The isolates were cultured on blood agar at 37 • C for 24 h. Subsequently three colonies per isolate were used to inoculate 10 mL of 6% TSBYE broth (Becton Dickinson Company, Mississauga, ON, Canada). After 24 h at 37 • C the absorbance at 600 nm was calculated. One hundred µL of the TSBYE broths was then put in 10 mL of BHI (Becton Dickinson Company, Mississauga, ON, Canada) and incubated for 24 h at 37 • C. Afterwards, 100 µL of the BHI broths was used to inoculate three consecutive wells of two plates. One plate was incubated at 30 • C for 48 h and the second plate was incubated at 12 • C for one week. The plates were incubated under humid conditions. Crystal violet (1%, filtered at 0.45 µM) assays were performed. Briefly, the medium was removed and three washes with 150 uL of sterile water were then performed. After each wash, the wells were emptied. A drying time of 10 min at room temperature was then observed. Next, 50 µL of crystal violet was added to each well and a waiting time of 30 min at room temperature was carried out. Three washes with 150 µL of sterile water were again performed and the wells were emptied after each wash. A drying time of 10 min at room temperature was again observed. Finally, 200 µL of 90% ethanol was added to each well 30 min before the reading of the absorbance at 595 nm (Power Wave X 340, Bio-Tek Instruments, INC). Each isolate was included in triplicate in the microtiter plates. Absorbance measurements were corrected by the blank which consisted of a well without biofilm that underwent crystal violet staining. The average of the calculated optical density was used as result. During the waiting times the microtiter plates were protected from light. To control the possible variation in the results caused by the use of multiple microtiter plates, the level of biofilm production of each isolate was expressed as a proportion. This proportion had as numerator the absorbance of each isolate and had as denominator the absorbance of a reference strain (C.R.S.V. 3C15). The reference strain was included in each microtiter plate, thereby allowing the expression of the absorbance of each isolate from a microtiter plate over the absorbance of the reference strain included in the same microtiter plate. The reference strain was a Listeria monocytogenes strain isolated in a previous study and that has been characterized as a moderate biofilm producer. The isolates were distributed according to their distance from the reference strain result. The quarter of isolates with the lowest ratios were classified as low biofilm producers, the quarter of isolates with the highest ratios were classified as high biofilm producers and the isolates in the middle half were classified as moderate biofilm producers.
Selection, DNA Isolation, Library Preparation and Sequencing of the L. monocytogenes Isolates
Nineteen isolates were selected for characterization by cgMLST. These isolates taken together represented all the serotypes identified in the context of this study, the different forms of InlA (completed, truncated) found and all the categories of production of biofilm at 12 • C and 30 • C (weak, moderate, high) identified. Isolates from each conveyor positive to Listeria monocytogenes as well as from each positive visit were included within these 19 isolates. DNA extraction was performed using the MasterPureTM DNA Purification kit (Épicentre, BC, Canada) according to the instructions of the manufacturer instructions. The Ready-LyseTM Lysozyme was used in a prior step. Final DNA concentration was measured using the Qubit 3.0 High Sensitivity range assay (Fisher Scientific, Ottawa, ON, Canada). The purity of the DNA was evaluated using a Nanodrop ND-1000 Spectrophotometer (Thermo Scientific, Wilmington, DE, USA) and by gel electrophoresis (3% of agarose). The amplicons were then sent to McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Center (Montreal, QC, Canada) for purification, barcoding and sequencing by the Illumina MiSeq 250 paired-ends sequencing system. The sequences were trimmed with fqCleaner v.3.0 and assembled with SPAdes v.3.11. Assembly quality was assessed using the number of contigs N50 and L50 metrics.
MLST and cgMLST Characterization and Virulence, Antimicrobial Resistance and Stress-Related Genes
The BLASTN algorithm [13,75] was used to extract the cgMLST profiles (1748 loci; [13]). The profiles were grouped into sequence types (ST) and clonal complexes (CCs) [76]. As previously described by Moura et al. (2016), cut-offs of 7 and 150 allelic mismatches were used, respectively, in order to group the isolates profiles into cgMLST types (CTs) and sublineages (SLs). The BIGSdb-Lm platform was used for the identification of virulence, antimicrobial resistance, and stress-related genes. The dendrogram was built on BioNumerics v.7.6.3 using the single linkage clustering algorithm [13].4.7.
DNA Extraction and Purification of the Total Microbiota
The total DNA of the pool of the two pellets of each sample was extracted and purified using a modified version of a phenol-chloroform protocol as described in Larivière-Gauthier et al. (2017) [77]. Briefly, 350 µL of lysis buffer (500 mM Tris-HCl, 200 mM EDTA, 1% SDS (w/v), Fisher Scientific, Ottawa, ON, Canada) was added to each pellet to resuspend them, to allow their pooling and to perform a chemical lysis. The mixed solution (700 µL) was then added in microtubes containing 0.1 mm glass beads (MP Biomedicals, OH, USA). A cell mechanical lysis was performed using a MP-Fastprep-24 5GTM High-Speed Homogenizer (MP Biomedicals, Santa Ana, CA, USA) twice at an intensity of 6.0 m/s for 40 s. Samples were kept for five minutes on ice between cycles. DNA purification was conducted using a standard phenol/chloroform protocol [78]. Final DNA concentration was measured using the Qubit 3.0 High Sensitivity range assay (Fisher Scientific, Ottawa, ON, Canada). The purity of the DNA was evaluated using a Nanodrop ND-1000 Spectrophotometer (Thermo Scientific, Wilmington, DE, USA) and by gel electrophoresis (3% of agarose). The six negative experimental controls were processed in parallel with the samples as well as the negative DNA extraction controls that consisted of a 700 µL lysis buffer without bacterial pellets. Purified DNA samples were stored at −80 • C until sequenced.
Total Microbiota 16S Sequencing and Bio-Informatics Analyses
A 292 bp segment of the V4 hypervariable region of the 16S RNAr gene was amplified using universal primers targeting the total bacterial and archaeal populations (515F_Ill and 806R_Ill, Invitrogen, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) [79,80]. A 30 µL PCR reaction was carried out using the Platinum SuperFi PCR Master Mix (Invitrogen, Burlington, ON, Canada). Ten nanograms of DNA from each sample were amplified for 27 cycles with a denaturation step at 98 • C for 30 s, an annealing step at 55 • C for 30 s, an elongation step at 72 • C for 180 s and a final elongation step of 10 min at 72 • C. One microlitre of an artificial community (ZymoBIOMICS Microbial Community DNA Standard) (Zymo Research, Irvine, CA, USA) was diluted in 10 µL of sterile water to serve as a positive control and as an indicator of the quality of the sequencing. Five positive controls were integrated to the PCR plates to evaluate the reproducibility of the results. Experimental controls as well as negative extraction controls and negative PCR controls were also added to the plates. The amplification of the DNA target segment and the absence of amplification from the negative controls were validated by gel electrophoresis (3% of agarose). The amplicons were then sent to McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Center (Montreal, QC, Canada) for purification, barcoding and sequencing by Illumina MiSeq 250 paired-ends sequencing.
The cleaning and the analyzing of the sequences were completed using Mothur 1.39.5 according to Larivière-Gauthier and al. (2017) [77]. The primers were first removed and then the complementary sets of reads were merged for each sample. Sequences that contained ambiguities were removed and identical sequences were grouped. The sequences were then aligned using the SILVA database V132. The chimeras were removed using UCHIME. The remaining sequences that were similar at 97% were grouped into operation taxonomic units (OTUs) using the PDS database (Trainset16).
Alpha and beta diversity analysis were performed using RStudio 3.6.1. The lowest number of sequences in the samples was used as a subsampling. For the alpha diversity, the coverage of the subsampling was measured as well as the number of OTUs in each sample and their evenness using the inverse Simpson and the Shannon indices. Comparison statistics were performed between the L. monocytogenes-positive samples and the L. monocytogenes-negative samples using Student's t-test with a significance level of 0.05. For the beta diversity, Jaccard and Bray-Curtis dissimilarity indices were used on the same subsampling. Non-metric multidimensional scaling graphs (NMDS) were used for the visualization of the results. An ANOVA was used to compare the beta diversity of the positive and negative samples for L. monocytogenes with a significance level of 0.05. In addition, the Multivariate Association with Linear Models method (MaAsLin version 1) was used to identify OTUs significantly associated with the detection or the absence of L. monocytogenes in terms of relative abundance.
Conclusions
The aims of our study were to (i) characterize the genomic diversity of Listeria monocytogenes isolates harvested from the six conveyor belts of the cutting room of a swine slaughterhouse, (ii) to evaluate the heterogeneity of the spatial and temporal contamination of these surfaces by the pathogen and (iii) to identify, using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, microbial determinants of the presence or absence of the bacteria. We were able to identify a low genomic diversity, to anticipate an attenuation of the virulence into our isolates as well as highlight important characteristics of persistence. We also identified a clear preferential localization of Listeria monocytogenes on three conveyor belts, thus posing the hypothesis of a potential role of the background microbiota associated with the different meat cuts in the sheltering of Listeria monocytogenes on certain preferential sites. We also identified, using an original HTS approach and for the first time to our knowledge, a positive interaction between the taxa Veillonella (OTU00380) and the presence of Listeria monocytogenes on foodcontact surfaces. The interaction is currently being studied in the laboratory. We believe that our model for studying the relationship between the accompanying microbiota and Listeria monocytogenes represents a step towards a more realistic and complex approach to the presence of the pathogen in the food industry. We think that a better understanding of the composition of the microbial environment around Listeria monocytogenes could lead to an approach where the niches allowing the growth of the pathogen can be targeted in the food processing environment.
Data Availability Statement:
The data presented in this study are openly available in the NCBI Sequence Read Archive under accession number PRJNA758928 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ sra/PRJNA758928, accessed on 1 September 2021).
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{"added":"2021-10-27T15:11:34.034Z","created":"2021-10-22T00:00:00.000Z","id":"239897720","metadata":{"abstract":null,"abstract_count":null,"abstract_language":null,"abstract_perplexity":null,"extfieldsofstudy":["Medicine"],"provenance":"pes2o_v2-0008.json.gz:462136","s2fieldsofstudy":["Agricultural And Food Sciences"],"sha1":"25d404d17befa566eb35bcff4eb0fe2bd7669ec1","sources":null,"title":null,"title_count":null,"title_language":null,"title_perplexity":null,"top_frequencies":null,"year":2021},"source":"s2","version":"v3-fos"}
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flan-12446319
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Q: "Well-planned public transit systems that are integrated into the urban form can provide a fast, effective and economical transportation option for city residents, as well as broader access to jobs, education, health care facilities and recreational facilities." to French
****
A: Des systèmes de transport en commun bien planifiés qui sont intégrés dans la forme urbaine peuvent offrir une solution de transport rapide, efficace et économique aux citadins, ainsi qu'un accès élargi aux emplois, à l'enseignement, aux installations de soins de santé et aux installations récréatives.
Q: "They may also exchange information during meetings between the two organizations." to French
****
A: Ils peuvent aussi le faire à l'occasion de réunions.
Q: "It notes that the term “restitution” is sometimes used to mean, in effect, full reparation, but prefers the narrower and more orthodox meaning of “the establishment or re-establishment of the situation that would exist, or would have existed if the wrongful act had not been committed”." to French
****
A: Il souligne que le mot "restitution" est parfois employé comme équivalant, en réalité, à la réparation intégrale mais en privilégie une acception plus étroite et orthodoxe, celle du "moyen d'établir ou de rétablir la situation qui existerait ou qui aurait existé si l'acte illicite n'avait pas été commis".
Q: "Your network may include people that you meet within your department, human resource professionals, participants in interdepartmental meetings or functions, or those you meet through training or other learning events. Let these people know what you are looking for and ask them for information and advice." to French
****
A: Ce réseau peut englober des personnes que vous avez rencontrées dans votre ministère, des professionnels des ressources humaines, des participants à des rencontres interministérielles ou des personnes occupant des fonctions à caractère interministériel, ou encore des personnes rencontrées dans le cadre d’activités de formation ou d’apprentissage.
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{"attributes":{"dedupe_ngrams_8_1_all_train":[[0.0,276.0,0.0],[281.0,587.0,0.0],[589.0,686.0,0.0],[691.0,747.0,0.0],[749.0,1051.0,0.0],[1056.0,1366.0,0.0],[1368.0,1689.0,0.0],[1694.0,2046.0,0.0]],"paloma_paragraphs":[]},"id":"dcb2ffc249a96bfc73eb35631c31a253","metadata":{"_replicate":0,"_task_name":"wmt14_translate\/fr-en:1.0.0","_task_source":"Flan2021","_template_idx":7,"_template_type":"fs_noopt","provenance":"60M-shots_all-upweight_1-dialog_false-sep_rulebased-train-0048.json.gz:8824"},"source":"flan_v2"}
| 505 |
dclm-412187318
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Typhoon Madness.
In the event of a typhoon, there are different warnings issued. Usually either a ‘chuihou’ or a ‘keihou’.
If there is a ‘keihou’ at 7 a.m. the kids don’t have to go to school. which is preferable to it coming later, usually in the middle of the typhoon, and having to driving to school in torrential rain with zero visibility, and pick the chicklets up.
So I got up at 7. There was a ‘keihou’, so no school today ( again! when do they ever go?).
The Man and I wrestled the chicken into the house and fashioned a sort of enclosure for it between the piano and some toy boxes.
Then I went back to bed for 2 hours.
I think the typhoon must have been and gone, all is still now.
There is always a lot of hoo-ha before a typhoon and it rarely turns out to be as bad as they thought.
Our hastily constructed ‘enclosure’ failed to enclose.
Chicken shit and feathers all over the place.
I love my life.
One thought on “Typhoon Madness.
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dclm
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{"fasttext_score":0.13402456045150757,"id":"<urn:uuid:659ef758-5317-4a02-883c-f291dcc3198e>","language":"en","language_score":0.9275118708610535,"url":"https:\/\/missbehaving.wordpress.com\/2009\/10\/08\/typhoon-madness\/","nemo_id":"dclm-gs7-048583463"}
| 286 |
pes2o-13284780
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Reconfigurable Optical Networks for On-Chip Multiprocessors
In previous work, 2 we looked at the feasibility of adding an optical, reconfigurable interconnection network to a server or supercomputer class shared memory multiprocessor machine. By allowing the interconnection network to adapt to the changing requirements made by the application executing on the multiprocessor machine, a significant speedup can be provided. Reconfiguration was to be implemented using tunable VCSEL light sources and a free-space optical selective broadcast device. Since the VCSEL tuning speed is limited to around 1 ms, we are only able to exploit low-frequency dynamics of the workload. Also, the reconfigurable network links have to be taken off line during reconfiguration. We therefore divided the network into a fixed base network (with regular topology), and a set of extra links that can be reconfigured at runtime. The extra links are placed between network nodes that communicate intensely, providing a short path (measured as the number of intermediate nodes where routing, arbitration and buffering is performed) for most of the traffic. It also redistributes the available network bandwidth to where it is most needed, minimizing contention and again reducing packet latency. Using full-system simulations of the processors and interconnection network, we predicted application speedups of up to 50%.
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pes2o
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{"added":"2014-10-01T00:00:00.000Z","created":"2006-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","id":"63450814","metadata":{"abstract":"In previous work, 2 we looked at the feasibility of adding an optical, reconfigurable interconnection network to a server or supercomputer class shared memory multiprocessor machine. By allowing the interconnection network to adapt to the changing requirements made by the application executing on the multiprocessor machine, a significant speedup can be provided. Reconfiguration was to be implemented using tunable VCSEL light sources and a free-space optical selective broadcast device. Since the VCSEL tuning speed is limited to around 1 ms, we are only able to exploit low-frequency dynamics of the workload. Also, the reconfigurable network links have to be taken off line during reconfiguration. We therefore divided the network into a fixed base network (with regular topology), and a set of extra links that can be reconfigured at runtime. The extra links are placed between network nodes that communicate intensely, providing a short path (measured as the number of intermediate nodes where routing, arbitration and buffering is performed) for most of the traffic. It also redistributes the available network bandwidth to where it is most needed, minimizing contention and again reducing packet latency. Using full-system simulations of the processors and interconnection network, we predicted application speedups of up to 50%.","abstract_count":200,"abstract_language":"en","abstract_perplexity":-13.817064001858324,"extfieldsofstudy":["Computer Science"],"provenance":"pes2o_v2-0003.json.gz:1669590","s2fieldsofstudy":["Computer Science"],"sha1":"131315b9fffda9f7d81a5c4c55f4df5eb7d3a33b","sources":["Grobid","CiteSeerX","ScienceParseMerged","MAG"],"title":"Reconfigurable Optical Networks for On-Chip Multiprocessors","title_count":6,"title_language":"en","title_perplexity":-16.138100814184376,"top_frequencies":[{"count":13,"token":"the"},{"count":9,"token":"to"},{"count":7,"token":"of"},{"count":7,"token":"network"},{"count":6,"token":"a"},{"count":5,"token":"and"},{"count":4,"token":"be"},{"count":3,"token":"we"},{"count":3,"token":"interconnection"},{"count":3,"token":"is"},{"count":3,"token":"links"},{"count":2,"token":"for"},{"count":2,"token":"at"},{"count":2,"token":"reconfigurable"},{"count":2,"token":"multiprocessor"},{"count":2,"token":"application"},{"count":2,"token":"can"},{"count":2,"token":"VCSEL"},{"count":2,"token":"are"},{"count":2,"token":"extra"},{"count":2,"token":"that"},{"count":2,"token":"nodes"},{"count":2,"token":"where"},{"count":2,"token":"most"},{"count":1,"token":"Reconfigurable"},{"count":1,"token":"Optical"},{"count":1,"token":"Networks"},{"count":1,"token":"On-Chip"},{"count":1,"token":"Multiprocessors"},{"count":1,"token":"In"},{"count":1,"token":"previous"},{"count":1,"token":"work,"},{"count":1,"token":"2"},{"count":1,"token":"looked"},{"count":1,"token":"feasibility"},{"count":1,"token":"adding"},{"count":1,"token":"an"},{"count":1,"token":"optical,"},{"count":1,"token":"server"},{"count":1,"token":"or"},{"count":1,"token":"supercomputer"},{"count":1,"token":"class"},{"count":1,"token":"shared"},{"count":1,"token":"memory"},{"count":1,"token":"machine."},{"count":1,"token":"By"},{"count":1,"token":"allowing"},{"count":1,"token":"adapt"},{"count":1,"token":"changing"},{"count":1,"token":"requirements"},{"count":1,"token":"made"},{"count":1,"token":"by"},{"count":1,"token":"executing"},{"count":1,"token":"on"},{"count":1,"token":"machine,"},{"count":1,"token":"significant"},{"count":1,"token":"speedup"},{"count":1,"token":"provided."},{"count":1,"token":"Reconfiguration"},{"count":1,"token":"was"},{"count":1,"token":"implemented"},{"count":1,"token":"using"},{"count":1,"token":"tunable"},{"count":1,"token":"light"},{"count":1,"token":"sources"},{"count":1,"token":"free-space"},{"count":1,"token":"optical"},{"count":1,"token":"selective"},{"count":1,"token":"broadcast"},{"count":1,"token":"device."},{"count":1,"token":"Since"},{"count":1,"token":"tuning"},{"count":1,"token":"speed"},{"count":1,"token":"limited"},{"count":1,"token":"around"},{"count":1,"token":"1"},{"count":1,"token":"ms,"},{"count":1,"token":"only"},{"count":1,"token":"able"},{"count":1,"token":"exploit"},{"count":1,"token":"low-frequency"},{"count":1,"token":"dynamics"},{"count":1,"token":"workload."},{"count":1,"token":"Also,"},{"count":1,"token":"have"},{"count":1,"token":"taken"},{"count":1,"token":"off"},{"count":1,"token":"line"},{"count":1,"token":"during"},{"count":1,"token":"reconfiguration."},{"count":1,"token":"We"},{"count":1,"token":"therefore"},{"count":1,"token":"divided"},{"count":1,"token":"into"},{"count":1,"token":"fixed"},{"count":1,"token":"base"},{"count":1,"token":"(with"},{"count":1,"token":"regular"},{"count":1,"token":"topology),"},{"count":1,"token":"set"}],"year":2006},"source":"s2","version":"v3-fos"}
| 268 |
flan-23287346
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« La possibilité de gérer nous-mêmes nos ressources a été un facteur déterminant qui nous a permis d'axer notre programme novateur sur l'efficacité énergétique », explique Chris Maracle, directeur du programme de logement de la bande.
Could you please translate this to English? "Having control over our own resources," according to Chris Maracle, Director of the band's housing program, "was a key factor in being able to put our innovative housing program on the energy-efficient path."
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flan
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{"attributes":{"dedupe_ngrams_8_1_all_train":[[0.0,235.0,0.0],[236.0,490.0,0.0]],"paloma_paragraphs":[]},"id":"f1880cc3dea81337e7dc5008636ac17b","metadata":{"_replicate":0,"_task_name":"wmt14_translate\/fr-en:1.0.0","_task_source":"Flan2021","_template_idx":2,"_template_type":"zs_noopt","provenance":"60M-shots_all-upweight_1-dialog_false-sep_rulebased-train-0129.json.gz:508380"},"source":"flan_v2"}
| 121 |
pes2o-16512868
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New research findings on 11th-early 13th-century polych
11th- to early 13th-century medieval polychrome sculptures can be considered as ancestral testimony of knowledge, practices, and the exchange of carving and painting techniques in the Middle Ages. This paper aims to provide an analysis of 50 years of research in Belgium, including recent case studies. New material elements and analysis results will likely resuscitate the debate on the relative chronology that is usually suggested. The identification of materials reveals the circulation of goods and trade. The richness of pictorial effects and techniques demonstrates a knowhow long considered as typical of the late Gothic period, including the use of oil in the binding media. Most of the information collected in the Belgian corpus matches the results of analyses carried out on sculptures from other European regions, both in terms of the evolution of their appearance and of their techniques. These observations make it possible to put forward the hypothesis of a fast and oral transmission not only within local workshops but in the broader European global context.
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pes2o
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{"added":"2019-08-23T20:39:33.467Z","created":"2019-06-01T00:00:00.000Z","id":"201532475","metadata":{"abstract":"11th- to early 13th-century medieval polychrome sculptures can be considered as ancestral testimony of knowledge, practices, and the exchange of carving and painting techniques in the Middle Ages. This paper aims to provide an analysis of 50 years of research in Belgium, including recent case studies. New material elements and analysis results will likely resuscitate the debate on the relative chronology that is usually suggested. The identification of materials reveals the circulation of goods and trade. The richness of pictorial effects and techniques demonstrates a knowhow long considered as typical of the late Gothic period, including the use of oil in the binding media. Most of the information collected in the Belgian corpus matches the results of analyses carried out on sculptures from other European regions, both in terms of the evolution of their appearance and of their techniques. These observations make it possible to put forward the hypothesis of a fast and oral transmission not only within local workshops but in the broader European global context.","abstract_count":167,"abstract_language":"en","abstract_perplexity":-12.479935000389093,"extfieldsofstudy":["Art","History"],"provenance":"pes2o_v2-0004.json.gz:1026261","s2fieldsofstudy":["Art"],"sha1":"a858e0c5ff870fa2071aebebd87f8307c5c11834","sources":["Crossref","MAG","Anansi","MergedPDFExtraction","Unpaywall"],"title":"New research findings on 11th-early 13th-century polych","title_count":7,"title_language":"en","title_perplexity":-19.73161613912633,"top_frequencies":[{"count":15,"token":"of"},{"count":14,"token":"the"},{"count":7,"token":"and"},{"count":6,"token":"in"},{"count":3,"token":"on"},{"count":3,"token":"to"},{"count":2,"token":"New"},{"count":2,"token":"research"},{"count":2,"token":"13th-century"},{"count":2,"token":"sculptures"},{"count":2,"token":"considered"},{"count":2,"token":"as"},{"count":2,"token":"techniques"},{"count":2,"token":"analysis"},{"count":2,"token":"including"},{"count":2,"token":"results"},{"count":2,"token":"The"},{"count":2,"token":"a"},{"count":2,"token":"European"},{"count":2,"token":"their"},{"count":1,"token":"findings"},{"count":1,"token":"11th-early"},{"count":1,"token":"polych"},{"count":1,"token":"11th-"},{"count":1,"token":"early"},{"count":1,"token":"medieval"},{"count":1,"token":"polychrome"},{"count":1,"token":"can"},{"count":1,"token":"be"},{"count":1,"token":"ancestral"},{"count":1,"token":"testimony"},{"count":1,"token":"knowledge,"},{"count":1,"token":"practices,"},{"count":1,"token":"exchange"},{"count":1,"token":"carving"},{"count":1,"token":"painting"},{"count":1,"token":"Middle"},{"count":1,"token":"Ages."},{"count":1,"token":"This"},{"count":1,"token":"paper"},{"count":1,"token":"aims"},{"count":1,"token":"provide"},{"count":1,"token":"an"},{"count":1,"token":"50"},{"count":1,"token":"years"},{"count":1,"token":"Belgium,"},{"count":1,"token":"recent"},{"count":1,"token":"case"},{"count":1,"token":"studies."},{"count":1,"token":"material"},{"count":1,"token":"elements"},{"count":1,"token":"will"},{"count":1,"token":"likely"},{"count":1,"token":"resuscitate"},{"count":1,"token":"debate"},{"count":1,"token":"relative"},{"count":1,"token":"chronology"},{"count":1,"token":"that"},{"count":1,"token":"is"},{"count":1,"token":"usually"},{"count":1,"token":"suggested."},{"count":1,"token":"identification"},{"count":1,"token":"materials"},{"count":1,"token":"reveals"},{"count":1,"token":"circulation"},{"count":1,"token":"goods"},{"count":1,"token":"trade."},{"count":1,"token":"richness"},{"count":1,"token":"pictorial"},{"count":1,"token":"effects"},{"count":1,"token":"demonstrates"},{"count":1,"token":"knowhow"},{"count":1,"token":"long"},{"count":1,"token":"typical"},{"count":1,"token":"late"},{"count":1,"token":"Gothic"},{"count":1,"token":"period,"},{"count":1,"token":"use"},{"count":1,"token":"oil"},{"count":1,"token":"binding"},{"count":1,"token":"media."},{"count":1,"token":"Most"},{"count":1,"token":"information"},{"count":1,"token":"collected"},{"count":1,"token":"Belgian"},{"count":1,"token":"corpus"},{"count":1,"token":"matches"},{"count":1,"token":"analyses"},{"count":1,"token":"carried"},{"count":1,"token":"out"},{"count":1,"token":"from"},{"count":1,"token":"other"},{"count":1,"token":"regions,"},{"count":1,"token":"both"},{"count":1,"token":"terms"},{"count":1,"token":"evolution"},{"count":1,"token":"appearance"},{"count":1,"token":"techniques."},{"count":1,"token":"These"},{"count":1,"token":"observations"}],"year":2019},"source":"s2","version":"v3-fos"}
| 209 |
pes2o-26241002
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Mode Research on Selection of Curtain Wall Type Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process
The curtain wall type selection is one of the most important parts of curtain walls construction. To make a scientific selection of curtain wall, this paper extracts 15 factors which may impact curtain wall selection. Basing on this index system, we raise a curtain wall type selection model using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Instroduction The curtain wall type selection means to pick out the type of curtain wall which satisfies the requirement of function, schedule and quality, including materials and structure form. It's a typical multi-objective decision problem. By far, the selection of curtain wall mainly depends on designer's experience and preference or developer's requirement and preference leading to lack of systematic argumentation and comparison between different types of curtain wall. The theoretical research on curtain wall type selection is scarce. Only a minority of scholars at home and abroad do contrast research qualitatively on unit and frame curtain wall. To fill the gap, this paper sets a curtain wall type selection model based on Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and do case study.
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pes2o
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{"added":"2018-12-18T01:46:31.652Z","created":"2016-05-27T00:00:00.000Z","id":"113652318","metadata":{"abstract":"The curtain wall type selection is one of the most important parts of curtain walls construction. To make a scientific selection of curtain wall, this paper extracts 15 factors which may impact curtain wall selection. Basing on this index system, we raise a curtain wall type selection model using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Instroduction The curtain wall type selection means to pick out the type of curtain wall which satisfies the requirement of function, schedule and quality, including materials and structure form. It's a typical multi-objective decision problem. By far, the selection of curtain wall mainly depends on designer's experience and preference or developer's requirement and preference leading to lack of systematic argumentation and comparison between different types of curtain wall. The theoretical research on curtain wall type selection is scarce. Only a minority of scholars at home and abroad do contrast research qualitatively on unit and frame curtain wall. To fill the gap, this paper sets a curtain wall type selection model based on Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and do case study.","abstract_count":173,"abstract_language":"en","abstract_perplexity":-13.829730987658449,"extfieldsofstudy":["Engineering"],"provenance":"pes2o_v2-0006.json.gz:3026194","s2fieldsofstudy":["Engineering"],"sha1":"cb62b87e58ae7384b2c6dde8127f2ca2b8bf3a1a","sources":["MAG","Anansi","Unpaywall","ScienceParseMerged"],"title":"Mode Research on Selection of Curtain Wall Type Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process","title_count":13,"title_language":"en","title_perplexity":-11.952980608999948,"top_frequencies":[{"count":12,"token":"curtain"},{"count":10,"token":"of"},{"count":8,"token":"wall"},{"count":8,"token":"and"},{"count":7,"token":"on"},{"count":7,"token":"selection"},{"count":6,"token":"type"},{"count":5,"token":"the"},{"count":5,"token":"a"},{"count":3,"token":"Analytic"},{"count":3,"token":"Hierarchy"},{"count":3,"token":"Process"},{"count":3,"token":"The"},{"count":3,"token":"this"},{"count":2,"token":"is"},{"count":2,"token":"To"},{"count":2,"token":"paper"},{"count":2,"token":"which"},{"count":2,"token":"model"},{"count":2,"token":"to"},{"count":2,"token":"requirement"},{"count":2,"token":"preference"},{"count":2,"token":"wall."},{"count":2,"token":"research"},{"count":2,"token":"do"},{"count":1,"token":"Mode"},{"count":1,"token":"Research"},{"count":1,"token":"Selection"},{"count":1,"token":"Curtain"},{"count":1,"token":"Wall"},{"count":1,"token":"Type"},{"count":1,"token":"Based"},{"count":1,"token":"one"},{"count":1,"token":"most"},{"count":1,"token":"important"},{"count":1,"token":"parts"},{"count":1,"token":"walls"},{"count":1,"token":"construction."},{"count":1,"token":"make"},{"count":1,"token":"scientific"},{"count":1,"token":"wall,"},{"count":1,"token":"extracts"},{"count":1,"token":"15"},{"count":1,"token":"factors"},{"count":1,"token":"may"},{"count":1,"token":"impact"},{"count":1,"token":"selection."},{"count":1,"token":"Basing"},{"count":1,"token":"index"},{"count":1,"token":"system,"},{"count":1,"token":"we"},{"count":1,"token":"raise"},{"count":1,"token":"using"},{"count":1,"token":"(AHP)."},{"count":1,"token":"Instroduction"},{"count":1,"token":"means"},{"count":1,"token":"pick"},{"count":1,"token":"out"},{"count":1,"token":"satisfies"},{"count":1,"token":"function,"},{"count":1,"token":"schedule"},{"count":1,"token":"quality,"},{"count":1,"token":"including"},{"count":1,"token":"materials"},{"count":1,"token":"structure"},{"count":1,"token":"form."},{"count":1,"token":"It's"},{"count":1,"token":"typical"},{"count":1,"token":"multi-objective"},{"count":1,"token":"decision"},{"count":1,"token":"problem."},{"count":1,"token":"By"},{"count":1,"token":"far,"},{"count":1,"token":"mainly"},{"count":1,"token":"depends"},{"count":1,"token":"designer's"},{"count":1,"token":"experience"},{"count":1,"token":"or"},{"count":1,"token":"developer's"},{"count":1,"token":"leading"},{"count":1,"token":"lack"},{"count":1,"token":"systematic"},{"count":1,"token":"argumentation"},{"count":1,"token":"comparison"},{"count":1,"token":"between"},{"count":1,"token":"different"},{"count":1,"token":"types"},{"count":1,"token":"theoretical"},{"count":1,"token":"scarce."},{"count":1,"token":"Only"},{"count":1,"token":"minority"},{"count":1,"token":"scholars"},{"count":1,"token":"at"},{"count":1,"token":"home"},{"count":1,"token":"abroad"},{"count":1,"token":"contrast"},{"count":1,"token":"qualitatively"},{"count":1,"token":"unit"},{"count":1,"token":"frame"},{"count":1,"token":"fill"}],"year":2016},"source":"s2","version":"v3-fos"}
| 224 |
stackexchange-1234927
|
Why do you not remove rep for users who received rep on off topic questions kept for historical reasons?
I really like to see the profile of the users who answer my questions if they have a lot of rep, because I might learn from a question that they asked or answered.
I see a lot of users who received rep on off-topic questions kept for historical reasons. like this
This question (and many others) has given a lot of rep to the asker and those who answer.
It might be unfair to remove rep from those guys, but questions before were easy to answer. Nowadays, it's harder for new users to get rep. So is there any way to make it a fair game for new users without making the old users angry?
I think this boils down to the distinction being made between locked questions, and deleted ones. Questions that are locked, like strangest language feature have valuable content, and used to be on topic here at Stack Overflow. They are kept because of the value of their content, but locked so that they don't interfere with the site or create broken windows.
The deleted questions (theoretically) have zero valuable content, and were never on-topic. Favorite programmer food would be a good example—my favorite answer therein being I like cake!.
The view is that rep earned for legitimate answers that are no longer on-top shouldn't be taken away; rep for junk answers that were never on topic is ill-begotten, and the original authors should have no reasonable expectation about keeping it.
It sucks that people will lose rep, and it might seem unfair, but this rep really should never have existed in the first place.
EDIT
Per the Shog's blog post, it looks like rep on deleted answers will not be removed, so long as the post had a score of +3 or more, and was visible for at least 60 days.
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stackexchange
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{"added":"2012-03-06T04:16:42.877","attributes":{"dedupe_para_ngrams_13_1":[]},"created":"2012-03-05T23:31:04.663","id":"meta_stackexchange_com-124699-124701","metadata":{"answer_comment_count":3,"answer_content_license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","answer_id":124701,"answer_last_activity_date":"2012-03-06T04:16:42.877","answer_last_edit_date":"2021-01-18T11:50:44.587","answer_last_editor_user_id":-1,"answer_owner_user_id":155403,"answer_score":8,"answer_view_count":0,"forum":"meta_stackexchange_com","provenance":"20241028_173636_00007_mgema_81d9a215-63f9-473d-a542-5f79ee521f9d.zst:562634","question_comment_count":7,"question_content_license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","question_id":124699,"question_last_activity_date":"2012-03-06T09:10:10.100","question_last_edit_date":"2017-05-23T12:36:05.877","question_last_editor_user_id":-1,"question_owner_user_id":168203,"question_score":15,"question_view_count":429},"source":"stackexchange","version":"20240930"}
| 403 |
pes2o-24420249
|
The Defining Historical Divide
At first sight, the subject of this book seems overly specialized-the history of a small, mental health clinic in Harlem, the Northside Center for Child Development, from its founding in 1946 through the 1990s. But there's nothing short-sighted about Children, Race, and Power. Historians Gerald Markowitz and David Rosner use Northside as "a lens through which to view the history not only of Harlem and New York urban politics, but of blackwhite relations, the War on Poverty, and academic disputes on 'the culture of poverty' and the IQ controversies" (p. x). The authors aspire no less than to "place Northside in a broad context of urban, professional, racial, and political history" (p. xi). This is a timely and thoughtful book, which engages the reader in a reflection about why the visionary promise of U.S. race relations after World War II has evaporated by the 1990s, leaving us with a racial crisis that is "as bad, if not worse, than fifty years ago" (p. 250). The lives of Mamie Phipps Clark (1917-1983) and Kenneth Clark (1914-) coincide with some important markers of the liberal model of U.S. race relations. They came into the world as war babies when the 1919 Chicago Commission on Race Relations was trying to figure out how "the two races can live together on terms of amity."' Kenneth Clark participated in one of Gunnar Myrdal's research teams working on An American Dilemma (1944),2 and he reappears as a witness to the 1968 Kerner Report, despairing at the endless cycle of racial violence and governmental inaction. This book reads well: uncluttered prose and succinct coverage of complex issues. Drawing upon more than fifty interviews, archival materials, and the collected papers of key participants in Northside, Markowitz and Rosner provide a good balance of analysis, description, and texture. The only unused data source is FBI records, which might have shed light on Northside's internal difficulties. Also, a bibliography of the Clarks' writings and key speeches would be a useful addition. The book is organized as a straightforward
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pes2o
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{"added":"2019-05-06T14:05:04.134Z","created":"1997-06-01T00:00:00.000Z","id":"145652107","metadata":{"abstract":"At first sight, the subject of this book seems overly specialized-the history of a small, mental health clinic in Harlem, the Northside Center for Child Development, from its founding in 1946 through the 1990s. But there's nothing short-sighted about Children, Race, and Power. Historians Gerald Markowitz and David Rosner use Northside as \"a lens through which to view the history not only of Harlem and New York urban politics, but of blackwhite relations, the War on Poverty, and academic disputes on 'the culture of poverty' and the IQ controversies\" (p. x). The authors aspire no less than to \"place Northside in a broad context of urban, professional, racial, and political history\" (p. xi). This is a timely and thoughtful book, which engages the reader in a reflection about why the visionary promise of U.S. race relations after World War II has evaporated by the 1990s, leaving us with a racial crisis that is \"as bad, if not worse, than fifty years ago\" (p. 250). The lives of Mamie Phipps Clark (1917-1983) and Kenneth Clark (1914-) coincide with some important markers of the liberal model of U.S. race relations. They came into the world as war babies when the 1919 Chicago Commission on Race Relations was trying to figure out how \"the two races can live together on terms of amity.\"' Kenneth Clark participated in one of Gunnar Myrdal's research teams working on An American Dilemma (1944),2 and he reappears as a witness to the 1968 Kerner Report, despairing at the endless cycle of racial violence and governmental inaction. This book reads well: uncluttered prose and succinct coverage of complex issues. Drawing upon more than fifty interviews, archival materials, and the collected papers of key participants in Northside, Markowitz and Rosner provide a good balance of analysis, description, and texture. The only unused data source is FBI records, which might have shed light on Northside's internal difficulties. Also, a bibliography of the Clarks' writings and key speeches would be a useful addition. The book is organized as a straightforward","abstract_count":338,"abstract_language":"en","abstract_perplexity":-15.14298317587676,"extfieldsofstudy":["Sociology"],"provenance":"pes2o_v2-0006.json.gz:1205441","s2fieldsofstudy":["History"],"sha1":"b1b5c4ace4cf98b1edf1d6433f3de002fdb378ae","sources":["Unpaywall","JhuPress","MAG"],"title":"The Defining Historical Divide","title_count":4,"title_language":"en","title_perplexity":-12.751315091473952,"top_frequencies":[{"count":17,"token":"of"},{"count":16,"token":"the"},{"count":15,"token":"and"},{"count":10,"token":"a"},{"count":6,"token":"in"},{"count":6,"token":"on"},{"count":5,"token":"The"},{"count":4,"token":"as"},{"count":4,"token":"to"},{"count":4,"token":"is"},{"count":3,"token":"book"},{"count":3,"token":"Northside"},{"count":3,"token":"which"},{"count":3,"token":"(p."},{"count":3,"token":"than"},{"count":3,"token":"Clark"},{"count":2,"token":"history"},{"count":2,"token":"through"},{"count":2,"token":"about"},{"count":2,"token":"Markowitz"},{"count":2,"token":"Rosner"},{"count":2,"token":"not"},{"count":2,"token":"only"},{"count":2,"token":"War"},{"count":2,"token":"This"},{"count":2,"token":"U.S."},{"count":2,"token":"race"},{"count":2,"token":"with"},{"count":2,"token":"racial"},{"count":2,"token":"fifty"},{"count":2,"token":"Kenneth"},{"count":2,"token":"key"},{"count":1,"token":"Defining"},{"count":1,"token":"Historical"},{"count":1,"token":"Divide"},{"count":1,"token":"At"},{"count":1,"token":"first"},{"count":1,"token":"sight,"},{"count":1,"token":"subject"},{"count":1,"token":"this"},{"count":1,"token":"seems"},{"count":1,"token":"overly"},{"count":1,"token":"specialized-the"},{"count":1,"token":"small,"},{"count":1,"token":"mental"},{"count":1,"token":"health"},{"count":1,"token":"clinic"},{"count":1,"token":"Harlem,"},{"count":1,"token":"Center"},{"count":1,"token":"for"},{"count":1,"token":"Child"},{"count":1,"token":"Development,"},{"count":1,"token":"from"},{"count":1,"token":"its"},{"count":1,"token":"founding"},{"count":1,"token":"1946"},{"count":1,"token":"1990s."},{"count":1,"token":"But"},{"count":1,"token":"there's"},{"count":1,"token":"nothing"},{"count":1,"token":"short-sighted"},{"count":1,"token":"Children,"},{"count":1,"token":"Race,"},{"count":1,"token":"Power."},{"count":1,"token":"Historians"},{"count":1,"token":"Gerald"},{"count":1,"token":"David"},{"count":1,"token":"use"},{"count":1,"token":"\"a"},{"count":1,"token":"lens"},{"count":1,"token":"view"},{"count":1,"token":"Harlem"},{"count":1,"token":"New"},{"count":1,"token":"York"},{"count":1,"token":"urban"},{"count":1,"token":"politics,"},{"count":1,"token":"but"},{"count":1,"token":"blackwhite"},{"count":1,"token":"relations,"},{"count":1,"token":"Poverty,"},{"count":1,"token":"academic"},{"count":1,"token":"disputes"},{"count":1,"token":"'the"},{"count":1,"token":"culture"},{"count":1,"token":"poverty'"},{"count":1,"token":"IQ"},{"count":1,"token":"controversies\""},{"count":1,"token":"x)."},{"count":1,"token":"authors"},{"count":1,"token":"aspire"},{"count":1,"token":"no"},{"count":1,"token":"less"},{"count":1,"token":"\"place"},{"count":1,"token":"broad"},{"count":1,"token":"context"},{"count":1,"token":"urban,"},{"count":1,"token":"professional,"},{"count":1,"token":"racial,"},{"count":1,"token":"political"},{"count":1,"token":"history\""}],"year":1997},"source":"s2","version":"v3-fos"}
| 464 |
pes2o-29372528
|
Discovery and characterization of novel d-xylose-specific transporters from Neurospora crassa and Pichia stipitis.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae is considered one of the most promising organisms for ethanol production from lignocellulosic feedstock. Unfortunately, pentose sugars, which comprise up to 30% of lignocellulose, cannot be utilized by wild type S. cerevisiae. Heterologous pathways were introduced into S. cerevisiae to enable utilization of d-xylose, the most abundant pentose sugar. However, the resulting recombinant S. cerevisiae strains exhibited a slow growth rate and poor sugar utilization efficiency when grown on d-xylose as the sole carbon source. d-xylose uptake is the first step of d-xylose utilization. d-xylose can only enter yeast cells through hexose transporters, which have two orders of magnitude lower affinity towards d-xylose compared to hexoses. It was also shown that inefficient pentose uptake is the limiting step in some d-xylose metabolizing yeast strains. Here we report the cloning and characterization of two novel d-xylose-specific transporters from Neurospora crassa and Pichia stipitis. These two transporters were identified from a total of 18 putative pentose transporters. They were functionally expressed and properly localized in S. cerevisiae as indicated by HPLC analysis and fluorescence confocal microscopy, respectively. Kinetic parameters of the d-xylose-specific transporters were determined using a (14)C-labeled sugar uptake assay. Use of pentose-specific transporters should improve d-xylose consumption and ethanol production in fast d-xylose assimilating strains, thereby lowering the cost of lignocellulosic ethanol production.
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pes2o
|
{"added":"2016-02-20T08:33:50.931Z","created":"2010-11-01T00:00:00.000Z","id":"205769979","metadata":{"abstract":"Saccharomyces cerevisiae is considered one of the most promising organisms for ethanol production from lignocellulosic feedstock. Unfortunately, pentose sugars, which comprise up to 30% of lignocellulose, cannot be utilized by wild type S. cerevisiae. Heterologous pathways were introduced into S. cerevisiae to enable utilization of d-xylose, the most abundant pentose sugar. However, the resulting recombinant S. cerevisiae strains exhibited a slow growth rate and poor sugar utilization efficiency when grown on d-xylose as the sole carbon source. d-xylose uptake is the first step of d-xylose utilization. d-xylose can only enter yeast cells through hexose transporters, which have two orders of magnitude lower affinity towards d-xylose compared to hexoses. It was also shown that inefficient pentose uptake is the limiting step in some d-xylose metabolizing yeast strains. Here we report the cloning and characterization of two novel d-xylose-specific transporters from Neurospora crassa and Pichia stipitis. These two transporters were identified from a total of 18 putative pentose transporters. They were functionally expressed and properly localized in S. cerevisiae as indicated by HPLC analysis and fluorescence confocal microscopy, respectively. Kinetic parameters of the d-xylose-specific transporters were determined using a (14)C-labeled sugar uptake assay. Use of pentose-specific transporters should improve d-xylose consumption and ethanol production in fast d-xylose assimilating strains, thereby lowering the cost of lignocellulosic ethanol production.","abstract_count":215,"abstract_language":"en","abstract_perplexity":-16.11756768827336,"extfieldsofstudy":["Biology","Medicine"],"provenance":"pes2o_v2-0007.json.gz:2265932","s2fieldsofstudy":["Biology","Engineering"],"sha1":"b96bfb3feb6a8a0a1de591cddfc47de4a255c012","sources":["ScienceParseMerged","MAG","Unpaywall","Crawler","Grobid","Medline","Anansi"],"title":"Discovery and characterization of novel d-xylose-specific transporters from Neurospora crassa and Pichia stipitis.","title_count":13,"title_language":"en","title_perplexity":-17.93536972747048,"top_frequencies":[{"count":11,"token":"of"},{"count":9,"token":"the"},{"count":8,"token":"and"},{"count":8,"token":"d-xylose"},{"count":5,"token":"transporters"},{"count":4,"token":"from"},{"count":4,"token":"cerevisiae"},{"count":4,"token":"pentose"},{"count":4,"token":"S."},{"count":4,"token":"were"},{"count":3,"token":"d-xylose-specific"},{"count":3,"token":"is"},{"count":3,"token":"ethanol"},{"count":3,"token":"to"},{"count":3,"token":"a"},{"count":3,"token":"uptake"},{"count":3,"token":"two"},{"count":3,"token":"in"},{"count":2,"token":"characterization"},{"count":2,"token":"novel"},{"count":2,"token":"Neurospora"},{"count":2,"token":"crassa"},{"count":2,"token":"Pichia"},{"count":2,"token":"stipitis."},{"count":2,"token":"most"},{"count":2,"token":"production"},{"count":2,"token":"lignocellulosic"},{"count":2,"token":"which"},{"count":2,"token":"by"},{"count":2,"token":"utilization"},{"count":2,"token":"sugar"},{"count":2,"token":"as"},{"count":2,"token":"step"},{"count":2,"token":"yeast"},{"count":1,"token":"Discovery"},{"count":1,"token":"Saccharomyces"},{"count":1,"token":"considered"},{"count":1,"token":"one"},{"count":1,"token":"promising"},{"count":1,"token":"organisms"},{"count":1,"token":"for"},{"count":1,"token":"feedstock."},{"count":1,"token":"Unfortunately,"},{"count":1,"token":"sugars,"},{"count":1,"token":"comprise"},{"count":1,"token":"up"},{"count":1,"token":"30%"},{"count":1,"token":"lignocellulose,"},{"count":1,"token":"cannot"},{"count":1,"token":"be"},{"count":1,"token":"utilized"},{"count":1,"token":"wild"},{"count":1,"token":"type"},{"count":1,"token":"cerevisiae."},{"count":1,"token":"Heterologous"},{"count":1,"token":"pathways"},{"count":1,"token":"introduced"},{"count":1,"token":"into"},{"count":1,"token":"enable"},{"count":1,"token":"d-xylose,"},{"count":1,"token":"abundant"},{"count":1,"token":"sugar."},{"count":1,"token":"However,"},{"count":1,"token":"resulting"},{"count":1,"token":"recombinant"},{"count":1,"token":"strains"},{"count":1,"token":"exhibited"},{"count":1,"token":"slow"},{"count":1,"token":"growth"},{"count":1,"token":"rate"},{"count":1,"token":"poor"},{"count":1,"token":"efficiency"},{"count":1,"token":"when"},{"count":1,"token":"grown"},{"count":1,"token":"on"},{"count":1,"token":"sole"},{"count":1,"token":"carbon"},{"count":1,"token":"source."},{"count":1,"token":"first"},{"count":1,"token":"utilization."},{"count":1,"token":"can"},{"count":1,"token":"only"},{"count":1,"token":"enter"},{"count":1,"token":"cells"},{"count":1,"token":"through"},{"count":1,"token":"hexose"},{"count":1,"token":"transporters,"},{"count":1,"token":"have"},{"count":1,"token":"orders"},{"count":1,"token":"magnitude"},{"count":1,"token":"lower"},{"count":1,"token":"affinity"},{"count":1,"token":"towards"},{"count":1,"token":"compared"},{"count":1,"token":"hexoses."},{"count":1,"token":"It"},{"count":1,"token":"was"},{"count":1,"token":"also"},{"count":1,"token":"shown"},{"count":1,"token":"that"}],"year":2010},"source":"s2","version":"v3-fos"}
| 354 |
flan-66518
|
Dies spart nicht nur Kosten, sondern mit der zunehmenden Automatisierung des Scanprozesses erhöhen sich zugleich auch die Wiederholgenauigkeit und Reproduzierbarkeit der CT Ergebnisse.
Which language is this?
Language: German
Die Schmerzlosigkeit der HealOzone-Therapie ist der Hauptvorteil dieses Konzepts gegenüber allen anderen (invasiven) Techniken.
Which language is this?
Language: German
Wie schon erwähnt, hat die Kommission mit der Initiative SEM 2000 große Anstrengungen unternommen, sowohl ihre interne Finanzverwaltung als auch die Zusammenarbeit mit den Mitgliedstaaten zu verbessern.
Which language is this?
Language: German
Darauf sollten wir alle vorbereitet sein; wir sollten allerdings nicht nur die Antworten vorbereiten, die wir im Dialog geben werden, sondern auch unsere Politiken auf europäischer und auf nationaler Ebene.
Which language is this?
Language: German
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flan
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{"attributes":{"dedupe_ngrams_8_1_all_train":[[0.0,185.0,0.0],[230.0,358.0,0.0],[403.0,606.0,0.0],[651.0,858.0,0.0]],"paloma_paragraphs":[]},"id":"4a9bcd030c53d2eeea5c3b2fa1ddfa67","metadata":{"_replicate":0,"_task_name":"wmt16_translate\/de-en:1.0.0","_task_source":"Flan2021","_template_idx":4,"_template_type":"fs_noopt","provenance":"60M-shots_all-upweight_1-dialog_false-sep_rulebased-test-0001.json.gz:28576"},"source":"flan_v2"}
| 270 |
pes2o-15316790
|
Separating Figures, Mathematical Formulas And Japanese Text From Free Handwriting In Mixed Online Documents
This paper describes a method for separating online handwritten patterns into Japanese text, figures and mathematical formulas. Today, Tablet PCs and electronic whiteboards provide much larger writing area for pen interfaces unlike PDAs (Personal Digital Assistants), through which users can easily input text, write mathematical formulas and draw figures on the screen. The fact that these objects can be written by a single pen (marker) without switching the device, mode, software or whatever else, and without any writing restrictions such as grids or boxes is one of the most important benefits of the pen interfaces. However, the task of segmenting these objects is challenging. To address this issue, we have applied a probabilistic model employing stroke features, stroke crossings and stroke densities. Further, we partially apply the approach of segmentation by recognition. Although the current recognizer for formulas is not a true recognizer, we have achieved about 81% correct segmentation for all the strokes when applied to our newly prepared database of mixed patterns. This method has been compared with a neural-network. The results show that our method is generally better but less effective in distinguishing figures from other components.
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pes2o
|
{"added":"2018-01-23T22:39:21.209Z","created":"2004-11-01T00:00:00.000Z","id":"41593635","metadata":{"abstract":"This paper describes a method for separating online handwritten patterns into Japanese text, figures and mathematical formulas. Today, Tablet PCs and electronic whiteboards provide much larger writing area for pen interfaces unlike PDAs (Personal Digital Assistants), through which users can easily input text, write mathematical formulas and draw figures on the screen. The fact that these objects can be written by a single pen (marker) without switching the device, mode, software or whatever else, and without any writing restrictions such as grids or boxes is one of the most important benefits of the pen interfaces. However, the task of segmenting these objects is challenging. To address this issue, we have applied a probabilistic model employing stroke features, stroke crossings and stroke densities. Further, we partially apply the approach of segmentation by recognition. Although the current recognizer for formulas is not a true recognizer, we have achieved about 81% correct segmentation for all the strokes when applied to our newly prepared database of mixed patterns. This method has been compared with a neural-network. The results show that our method is generally better but less effective in distinguishing figures from other components.","abstract_count":190,"abstract_language":"en","abstract_perplexity":-13.843012768335234,"extfieldsofstudy":["Computer Science"],"provenance":"pes2o_v2-0003.json.gz:3701600","s2fieldsofstudy":["Computer Science"],"sha1":"3b4f3c7cd311024880c77fad1c611ec439a6afeb","sources":["Unpaywall","DBLP","MAG"],"title":"Separating Figures, Mathematical Formulas And Japanese Text From Free Handwriting In Mixed Online Documents","title_count":14,"title_language":"en","title_perplexity":-13.640748793681349,"top_frequencies":[{"count":8,"token":"the"},{"count":5,"token":"a"},{"count":5,"token":"and"},{"count":5,"token":"of"},{"count":4,"token":"for"},{"count":4,"token":"is"},{"count":3,"token":"method"},{"count":3,"token":"figures"},{"count":3,"token":"pen"},{"count":3,"token":"we"},{"count":3,"token":"stroke"},{"count":2,"token":"Japanese"},{"count":2,"token":"This"},{"count":2,"token":"text,"},{"count":2,"token":"mathematical"},{"count":2,"token":"writing"},{"count":2,"token":"can"},{"count":2,"token":"formulas"},{"count":2,"token":"The"},{"count":2,"token":"that"},{"count":2,"token":"these"},{"count":2,"token":"objects"},{"count":2,"token":"by"},{"count":2,"token":"without"},{"count":2,"token":"or"},{"count":2,"token":"have"},{"count":2,"token":"applied"},{"count":2,"token":"segmentation"},{"count":2,"token":"our"},{"count":1,"token":"Separating"},{"count":1,"token":"Figures,"},{"count":1,"token":"Mathematical"},{"count":1,"token":"Formulas"},{"count":1,"token":"And"},{"count":1,"token":"Text"},{"count":1,"token":"From"},{"count":1,"token":"Free"},{"count":1,"token":"Handwriting"},{"count":1,"token":"In"},{"count":1,"token":"Mixed"},{"count":1,"token":"Online"},{"count":1,"token":"Documents"},{"count":1,"token":"paper"},{"count":1,"token":"describes"},{"count":1,"token":"separating"},{"count":1,"token":"online"},{"count":1,"token":"handwritten"},{"count":1,"token":"patterns"},{"count":1,"token":"into"},{"count":1,"token":"formulas."},{"count":1,"token":"Today,"},{"count":1,"token":"Tablet"},{"count":1,"token":"PCs"},{"count":1,"token":"electronic"},{"count":1,"token":"whiteboards"},{"count":1,"token":"provide"},{"count":1,"token":"much"},{"count":1,"token":"larger"},{"count":1,"token":"area"},{"count":1,"token":"interfaces"},{"count":1,"token":"unlike"},{"count":1,"token":"PDAs"},{"count":1,"token":"(Personal"},{"count":1,"token":"Digital"},{"count":1,"token":"Assistants),"},{"count":1,"token":"through"},{"count":1,"token":"which"},{"count":1,"token":"users"},{"count":1,"token":"easily"},{"count":1,"token":"input"},{"count":1,"token":"write"},{"count":1,"token":"draw"},{"count":1,"token":"on"},{"count":1,"token":"screen."},{"count":1,"token":"fact"},{"count":1,"token":"be"},{"count":1,"token":"written"},{"count":1,"token":"single"},{"count":1,"token":"(marker)"},{"count":1,"token":"switching"},{"count":1,"token":"device,"},{"count":1,"token":"mode,"},{"count":1,"token":"software"},{"count":1,"token":"whatever"},{"count":1,"token":"else,"},{"count":1,"token":"any"},{"count":1,"token":"restrictions"},{"count":1,"token":"such"},{"count":1,"token":"as"},{"count":1,"token":"grids"},{"count":1,"token":"boxes"},{"count":1,"token":"one"},{"count":1,"token":"most"},{"count":1,"token":"important"},{"count":1,"token":"benefits"},{"count":1,"token":"interfaces."},{"count":1,"token":"However,"},{"count":1,"token":"task"},{"count":1,"token":"segmenting"},{"count":1,"token":"challenging."}],"year":2004},"source":"s2","version":"v3-fos"}
| 246 |
pes2o-29551381
|
Model- Driven Engineering for Petrochemical Industry Automation
The definition of equipment and components of physical plants is a necessary step towards the development of simulation, control, and supervisory applications for the petrochemical industry. Often it happens that the same plant/equipment is (re)modeled on each application, thereby there is a waste-of-time on repetitive (re)design. Even though each software platform normally offers a different view of the same plant, it is desirable to have some kind of interoperability between them. This paper presents M4PIA, a Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) infrastructure devoted for petrochemical industry automation. M4PIA allows representing industrial plants by means of different and interchangeable object-oriented models, providing means to perform automatic code generation from a plant specification for different software platforms. Currently, our work involves using M4PIA in high-level automation manouvers and plant simulations. The use of M4PIA is expected to result in less development time and costs, while it increases efficiency, maintainability, and reliability of the developed applications.
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pes2o
|
{"added":"2018-10-29T13:35:30.252Z","created":"2018-09-01T00:00:00.000Z","id":"53079689","metadata":{"abstract":"The definition of equipment and components of physical plants is a necessary step towards the development of simulation, control, and supervisory applications for the petrochemical industry. Often it happens that the same plant\/equipment is (re)modeled on each application, thereby there is a waste-of-time on repetitive (re)design. Even though each software platform normally offers a different view of the same plant, it is desirable to have some kind of interoperability between them. This paper presents M4PIA, a Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) infrastructure devoted for petrochemical industry automation. M4PIA allows representing industrial plants by means of different and interchangeable object-oriented models, providing means to perform automatic code generation from a plant specification for different software platforms. Currently, our work involves using M4PIA in high-level automation manouvers and plant simulations. The use of M4PIA is expected to result in less development time and costs, while it increases efficiency, maintainability, and reliability of the developed applications.","abstract_count":151,"abstract_language":"en","abstract_perplexity":-14.369154623217671,"extfieldsofstudy":["Computer Science"],"provenance":"pes2o_v2-0007.json.gz:2444785","s2fieldsofstudy":["Computer Science"],"sha1":"cc5d7987fc1cf3d73b8939f353a600420fe4576e","sources":["Crossref","DBLP","MAG","ScienceParseMerged","IEEE","Unpaywall"],"title":"Model- Driven Engineering for Petrochemical Industry Automation","title_count":7,"title_language":"en","title_perplexity":-15.3743380257282,"top_frequencies":[{"count":8,"token":"of"},{"count":6,"token":"and"},{"count":5,"token":"is"},{"count":5,"token":"a"},{"count":5,"token":"the"},{"count":4,"token":"for"},{"count":3,"token":"it"},{"count":3,"token":"different"},{"count":3,"token":"to"},{"count":3,"token":"M4PIA"},{"count":2,"token":"Engineering"},{"count":2,"token":"The"},{"count":2,"token":"plants"},{"count":2,"token":"development"},{"count":2,"token":"petrochemical"},{"count":2,"token":"same"},{"count":2,"token":"on"},{"count":2,"token":"each"},{"count":2,"token":"software"},{"count":2,"token":"means"},{"count":2,"token":"plant"},{"count":2,"token":"in"},{"count":1,"token":"Model-"},{"count":1,"token":"Driven"},{"count":1,"token":"Petrochemical"},{"count":1,"token":"Industry"},{"count":1,"token":"Automation"},{"count":1,"token":"definition"},{"count":1,"token":"equipment"},{"count":1,"token":"components"},{"count":1,"token":"physical"},{"count":1,"token":"necessary"},{"count":1,"token":"step"},{"count":1,"token":"towards"},{"count":1,"token":"simulation,"},{"count":1,"token":"control,"},{"count":1,"token":"supervisory"},{"count":1,"token":"applications"},{"count":1,"token":"industry."},{"count":1,"token":"Often"},{"count":1,"token":"happens"},{"count":1,"token":"that"},{"count":1,"token":"plant\/equipment"},{"count":1,"token":"(re)modeled"},{"count":1,"token":"application,"},{"count":1,"token":"thereby"},{"count":1,"token":"there"},{"count":1,"token":"waste-of-time"},{"count":1,"token":"repetitive"},{"count":1,"token":"(re)design."},{"count":1,"token":"Even"},{"count":1,"token":"though"},{"count":1,"token":"platform"},{"count":1,"token":"normally"},{"count":1,"token":"offers"},{"count":1,"token":"view"},{"count":1,"token":"plant,"},{"count":1,"token":"desirable"},{"count":1,"token":"have"},{"count":1,"token":"some"},{"count":1,"token":"kind"},{"count":1,"token":"interoperability"},{"count":1,"token":"between"},{"count":1,"token":"them."},{"count":1,"token":"This"},{"count":1,"token":"paper"},{"count":1,"token":"presents"},{"count":1,"token":"M4PIA,"},{"count":1,"token":"Model-Driven"},{"count":1,"token":"(MDE)"},{"count":1,"token":"infrastructure"},{"count":1,"token":"devoted"},{"count":1,"token":"industry"},{"count":1,"token":"automation."},{"count":1,"token":"allows"},{"count":1,"token":"representing"},{"count":1,"token":"industrial"},{"count":1,"token":"by"},{"count":1,"token":"interchangeable"},{"count":1,"token":"object-oriented"},{"count":1,"token":"models,"},{"count":1,"token":"providing"},{"count":1,"token":"perform"},{"count":1,"token":"automatic"},{"count":1,"token":"code"},{"count":1,"token":"generation"},{"count":1,"token":"from"},{"count":1,"token":"specification"},{"count":1,"token":"platforms."},{"count":1,"token":"Currently,"},{"count":1,"token":"our"},{"count":1,"token":"work"},{"count":1,"token":"involves"},{"count":1,"token":"using"},{"count":1,"token":"high-level"},{"count":1,"token":"automation"},{"count":1,"token":"manouvers"},{"count":1,"token":"simulations."},{"count":1,"token":"use"},{"count":1,"token":"expected"}],"year":2018},"source":"s2","version":"v3-fos"}
| 231 |
flan-16863633
|
question: As a dental specialist in periodontics, she commonly deals with health issues that are affected by nutrition, systematic problems, drugs, biologics and medical devices. --> French.
answer: Spécialiste en parodontologie, elle s'occupe régulièrement de problèmes de santé qui sont affectés par la nutrition, les problèmes systématiques, les drogues, les produits biologiques et les appareils médicaux.
question: Manoj Tayal (India), Chairperson of Technical Committee II, proposed key issues related to spatial data infrastructure and spatially enabled Government and society for discussion, including networking for sustainability, user needs at the subnational and national levels, revenue models and geographic information as a driver for economic development. --> French.
answer: Son président, Manoj Tayal (Inde), a proposé d'examiner un certain nombre de questions fondamentales se rapportant au thème du débat, notamment la constitution de réseaux favorisant l'élaboration de solutions durables, les besoins des utilisateurs aux niveaux sous-national et national, le modèle de revenu et l'information géographique comme moteur de développement économique.
question: The Commission has already proposed an EU Marine Strategy including a proposed Directive 11 to halt and reverse this trend --> French.
answer: La Commission a déjà proposé une stratégie européenne pour le
question: Progress and key results. --> French.
answer: Progrès et principaux résultats.
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flan
|
{"attributes":{"dedupe_ngrams_8_1_all_train":[[0.0,191.0,0.0],[191.0,410.0,0.0],[410.0,784.0,0.0],[784.0,1171.0,0.0],[1171.0,1316.0,0.0],[1316.0,1386.0,0.0],[1386.0,1434.0,0.0]],"paloma_paragraphs":[]},"id":"fc2a26d69dd509d457823c2ba6f30801","metadata":{"_replicate":0,"_task_name":"wmt14_translate\/fr-en:1.0.0","_task_source":"Flan2021","_template_idx":0,"_template_type":"fs_opt","provenance":"60M-shots_all-upweight_1-dialog_false-sep_rulebased-train-0090.json.gz:40354"},"source":"flan_v2"}
| 345 |
pes2o-15304581
|
Crime, Urban Flight, and the Consequences for Cities
This paper analyzes the link between rising city crime rates and urban flight. Each additional reported crime is associated with a roughly one-person decline in city population. Almost all of the crime-related population decline is attributable to increased out-migration rather than a decrease in new arrivals. Households that leave the city because of crime are much more likely to remain within the Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area (SMSA) than those that leave the city for other reasons. Migration decisions of highly educated households and those with children are particularly responsive to changes in crime. Causality appears to run from rising crime rates to city depopulation.
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pes2o
|
{"added":"2014-10-01T00:00:00.000Z","created":"1996-09-01T00:00:00.000Z","id":"5840935","metadata":{"abstract":"This paper analyzes the link between rising city crime rates and urban flight. Each additional reported crime is associated with a roughly one-person decline in city population. Almost all of the crime-related population decline is attributable to increased out-migration rather than a decrease in new arrivals. Households that leave the city because of crime are much more likely to remain within the Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area (SMSA) than those that leave the city for other reasons. Migration decisions of highly educated households and those with children are particularly responsive to changes in crime. Causality appears to run from rising crime rates to city depopulation.","abstract_count":104,"abstract_language":"en","abstract_perplexity":-12.986154079821228,"extfieldsofstudy":["Geography"],"provenance":"pes2o_v2-0003.json.gz:3689391","s2fieldsofstudy":["Economics"],"sha1":"c796cbbfa5e989ffc54bd2e9f4072d3c3b1e8007","sources":["ScienceParseMerged","ElsevierPush","Grobid","MAG","Anansi","Unpaywall","Crawler","CiteSeerX","MergedPDFExtraction","MIT"],"title":"Crime, Urban Flight, and the Consequences for Cities","title_count":8,"title_language":"en","title_perplexity":-14.695857804723376,"top_frequencies":[{"count":6,"token":"the"},{"count":5,"token":"city"},{"count":5,"token":"to"},{"count":4,"token":"crime"},{"count":3,"token":"and"},{"count":3,"token":"in"},{"count":3,"token":"of"},{"count":2,"token":"for"},{"count":2,"token":"rising"},{"count":2,"token":"rates"},{"count":2,"token":"is"},{"count":2,"token":"with"},{"count":2,"token":"a"},{"count":2,"token":"decline"},{"count":2,"token":"than"},{"count":2,"token":"that"},{"count":2,"token":"leave"},{"count":2,"token":"are"},{"count":2,"token":"those"},{"count":1,"token":"Crime,"},{"count":1,"token":"Urban"},{"count":1,"token":"Flight,"},{"count":1,"token":"Consequences"},{"count":1,"token":"Cities"},{"count":1,"token":"This"},{"count":1,"token":"paper"},{"count":1,"token":"analyzes"},{"count":1,"token":"link"},{"count":1,"token":"between"},{"count":1,"token":"urban"},{"count":1,"token":"flight."},{"count":1,"token":"Each"},{"count":1,"token":"additional"},{"count":1,"token":"reported"},{"count":1,"token":"associated"},{"count":1,"token":"roughly"},{"count":1,"token":"one-person"},{"count":1,"token":"population."},{"count":1,"token":"Almost"},{"count":1,"token":"all"},{"count":1,"token":"crime-related"},{"count":1,"token":"population"},{"count":1,"token":"attributable"},{"count":1,"token":"increased"},{"count":1,"token":"out-migration"},{"count":1,"token":"rather"},{"count":1,"token":"decrease"},{"count":1,"token":"new"},{"count":1,"token":"arrivals."},{"count":1,"token":"Households"},{"count":1,"token":"because"},{"count":1,"token":"much"},{"count":1,"token":"more"},{"count":1,"token":"likely"},{"count":1,"token":"remain"},{"count":1,"token":"within"},{"count":1,"token":"Standard"},{"count":1,"token":"Metropolitan"},{"count":1,"token":"Statistical"},{"count":1,"token":"Area"},{"count":1,"token":"(SMSA)"},{"count":1,"token":"other"},{"count":1,"token":"reasons."},{"count":1,"token":"Migration"},{"count":1,"token":"decisions"},{"count":1,"token":"highly"},{"count":1,"token":"educated"},{"count":1,"token":"households"},{"count":1,"token":"children"},{"count":1,"token":"particularly"},{"count":1,"token":"responsive"},{"count":1,"token":"changes"},{"count":1,"token":"crime."},{"count":1,"token":"Causality"},{"count":1,"token":"appears"},{"count":1,"token":"run"},{"count":1,"token":"from"},{"count":1,"token":"depopulation."}],"year":1999},"source":"s2","version":"v3-fos"}
| 142 |
pes2o-11195959
|
[Effect of Herba Lamiophlomis Rotata extract on rats blood conglomeration parameters by oral administration].
OBJECTIVE
To study the effect of Tibet medicine Herba Lamiophlomis Rotata exect (HLRE) on blood conglomeration parameters by oral administration.
METHODS
High dose (3 g/kg), middle dose (1.5 g/kg) and low dose (0.75 g/kg) of HLRE had been given orally in rats for 7, 14, 21 days. Blood samples were collected from common carotid artery and prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), fibrinogen (FIB) were tested.
RESULTS
After 7 days, as compared to the control, the high, middle doses of HLRE induced significant TT reduction, and all doses of HLRE could induce significant hyperfibrinogenemia. But there was no change in PT and APTL. After 14 days, in all groups treated with HLRE, TT decreased and FIB increased. As compared to the control, only the high dose had significantly changes in TT and FIB. After 21 days, as compared to the control, TT of high and middle groups decreased and FIB of high group increased visibly. PT decurtation could also be seen in all groups. There was a decrease in TT paralleling an increase of fibrinogen in our study.
CONCLUSION
The aqueous extract of Herba Lamiophlomis Rotata orally administered in rats can increase the contents of FIB and shorten TT. The shorten of PT is found after treated with high dose for a long time. Hemostatic effect of HLRE has a dose-effect and time-effect relationship.
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pes2o
|
{"added":"2018-04-03T04:59:39.139Z","created":"2006-02-01T00:00:00.000Z","id":"41071143","metadata":{"abstract":"OBJECTIVE\nTo study the effect of Tibet medicine Herba Lamiophlomis Rotata exect (HLRE) on blood conglomeration parameters by oral administration.\n\n\nMETHODS\nHigh dose (3 g\/kg), middle dose (1.5 g\/kg) and low dose (0.75 g\/kg) of HLRE had been given orally in rats for 7, 14, 21 days. Blood samples were collected from common carotid artery and prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), fibrinogen (FIB) were tested.\n\n\nRESULTS\nAfter 7 days, as compared to the control, the high, middle doses of HLRE induced significant TT reduction, and all doses of HLRE could induce significant hyperfibrinogenemia. But there was no change in PT and APTL. After 14 days, in all groups treated with HLRE, TT decreased and FIB increased. As compared to the control, only the high dose had significantly changes in TT and FIB. After 21 days, as compared to the control, TT of high and middle groups decreased and FIB of high group increased visibly. PT decurtation could also be seen in all groups. There was a decrease in TT paralleling an increase of fibrinogen in our study.\n\n\nCONCLUSION\nThe aqueous extract of Herba Lamiophlomis Rotata orally administered in rats can increase the contents of FIB and shorten TT. The shorten of PT is found after treated with high dose for a long time. Hemostatic effect of HLRE has a dose-effect and time-effect relationship.","abstract_count":229,"abstract_language":"en","abstract_perplexity":-16.375268829377056,"extfieldsofstudy":["Medicine"],"provenance":"pes2o_v2-0002.json.gz:3456758","s2fieldsofstudy":["Medicine","Biology"],"sha1":"dfd999c95a9c8352b697910b32199385eda4712f","sources":["MAG","Medline"],"title":"[Effect of Herba Lamiophlomis Rotata extract on rats blood conglomeration parameters by oral administration].","title_count":14,"title_language":"en","title_perplexity":-18.445456825357276,"top_frequencies":[{"count":12,"token":"of"},{"count":10,"token":"and"},{"count":8,"token":"in"},{"count":7,"token":"the"},{"count":5,"token":"dose"},{"count":5,"token":"TT"},{"count":4,"token":"HLRE"},{"count":4,"token":"high"},{"count":3,"token":"Herba"},{"count":3,"token":"Lamiophlomis"},{"count":3,"token":"Rotata"},{"count":3,"token":"rats"},{"count":3,"token":"middle"},{"count":3,"token":"time"},{"count":3,"token":"After"},{"count":3,"token":"days,"},{"count":3,"token":"compared"},{"count":3,"token":"to"},{"count":3,"token":"control,"},{"count":3,"token":"all"},{"count":3,"token":"PT"},{"count":3,"token":"FIB"},{"count":3,"token":"a"},{"count":2,"token":"extract"},{"count":2,"token":"on"},{"count":2,"token":"blood"},{"count":2,"token":"conglomeration"},{"count":2,"token":"parameters"},{"count":2,"token":"by"},{"count":2,"token":"oral"},{"count":2,"token":"effect"},{"count":2,"token":"g\/kg)"},{"count":2,"token":"had"},{"count":2,"token":"orally"},{"count":2,"token":"for"},{"count":2,"token":"21"},{"count":2,"token":"were"},{"count":2,"token":"fibrinogen"},{"count":2,"token":"as"},{"count":2,"token":"doses"},{"count":2,"token":"significant"},{"count":2,"token":"could"},{"count":2,"token":"was"},{"count":2,"token":"groups"},{"count":2,"token":"treated"},{"count":2,"token":"with"},{"count":2,"token":"decreased"},{"count":2,"token":"increase"},{"count":2,"token":"The"},{"count":2,"token":"shorten"},{"count":1,"token":"[Effect"},{"count":1,"token":"administration]."},{"count":1,"token":"OBJECTIVE"},{"count":1,"token":"To"},{"count":1,"token":"study"},{"count":1,"token":"Tibet"},{"count":1,"token":"medicine"},{"count":1,"token":"exect"},{"count":1,"token":"(HLRE)"},{"count":1,"token":"administration."},{"count":1,"token":"METHODS"},{"count":1,"token":"High"},{"count":1,"token":"(3"},{"count":1,"token":"g\/kg),"},{"count":1,"token":"(1.5"},{"count":1,"token":"low"},{"count":1,"token":"(0.75"},{"count":1,"token":"been"},{"count":1,"token":"given"},{"count":1,"token":"7,"},{"count":1,"token":"14,"},{"count":1,"token":"days."},{"count":1,"token":"Blood"},{"count":1,"token":"samples"},{"count":1,"token":"collected"},{"count":1,"token":"from"},{"count":1,"token":"common"},{"count":1,"token":"carotid"},{"count":1,"token":"artery"},{"count":1,"token":"prothrombin"},{"count":1,"token":"(PT),"},{"count":1,"token":"activated"},{"count":1,"token":"partial"},{"count":1,"token":"thromboplastin"},{"count":1,"token":"(APTT),"},{"count":1,"token":"thrombin"},{"count":1,"token":"(TT),"},{"count":1,"token":"(FIB)"},{"count":1,"token":"tested."},{"count":1,"token":"RESULTS"},{"count":1,"token":"7"},{"count":1,"token":"high,"},{"count":1,"token":"induced"},{"count":1,"token":"reduction,"},{"count":1,"token":"induce"},{"count":1,"token":"hyperfibrinogenemia."},{"count":1,"token":"But"},{"count":1,"token":"there"},{"count":1,"token":"no"},{"count":1,"token":"change"}],"year":2006},"source":"s2","version":"v3-fos"}
| 370 |
wikipedia-5657456
|
Maenggolgundo
Maenggolgundo, also Maenggol Kundo, are an archipelago consisting of the three inhabited islands (from north to south) Jukdo (죽도), Maenggoldo (맹골도), and Gwakdo (곽도), and the uninhabited islets Myeongdo (명도), Mongdeokdo (몽덕도), and Sojukdo (소죽도).
Maenggolgundo are the outermost inhabited islands in the western extremity of Jindo County, South Jeolla Province, in the administrative division of Maenggoldo-ri, Jodo-myeon.
|
wikipedia
|
{"added":"2023-04-02T20:40:41.324Z","created":"2023-04-02T20:40:41.324Z","id":"43037214","metadata":{"length":89,"provenance":"en_simple_wiki_v0-0001.json.gz:2437255","revid":"42774876","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki?curid=43037214"},"source":"wikipedia","version":"v0"}
| 155 |
pes2o-20230363
|
Effect of Controlled Release/Extended Release Metoprolol on Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Patients With Hypercholesterolemia: A 3-Year Randomized Study
Background and Purpose— &bgr;-Adrenergic blockade has in several studies been shown to improve survival after myocardial infarction. In animal experiments &bgr;-blockers have also shown an antiatherosclerotic effect. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the &bgr;-blocker metoprolol succinate controlled release/extended release (CR/XL), when given to patients with hypercholesterolemia on concomitant lipid-lowering therapy, provides an additional antiatherosclerotic effect to that provided by the statins, measured as carotid intima-media thickness (IMT). Methods— We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single center trial to compare the effect of metoprolol CR/XL (100 mg once daily) and placebo on the progression of carotid IMT during 36 months of treatment in patients with hypercholesterolemia and signs of early atherosclerosis in the carotid artery. Most patients were prescribed lipid-lowering treatment with statins. Results— A highly significant difference in the progression rate of the composite variable of carotid bulb IMT+common carotid IMT was observed between the metoprolol CR/XL and placebo groups after 1 year of treatment (−0.08 versus −0.01 mm;P =0.004), an effect that was sustained after 3 years of follow-up (−0.06 versus +0.03 mm;P =0.011). The patients had high levels of total cholesterol at randomization: 9.4 mmol/L in the metoprolol CR/XL group and 8.6 mmol/L in the placebo group. During the study the 2 randomization groups were treated with lipid-lowering drugs, mainly statins, to a similar extent, and total cholesterol was reduced to 6.4 mmol/L at end of follow-up in both groups. Conclusions— The results from the present study in patients with hypercholesterolemia under concomitant lipid-lowering therapy are the first clinical data to show an antiatherosclerotic effect of &bgr;-blockade as additional therapy to statins. The data indicate that statin treatment and treatment with &bgr;-blockers affect different mechanisms in the atherosclerotic process and have additive beneficial effects.
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pes2o
|
{"added":"2017-04-10T18:51:44.662Z","created":"2002-02-01T00:00:00.000Z","id":"867536","metadata":{"abstract":"Background and Purpose\u2014 &bgr;-Adrenergic blockade has in several studies been shown to improve survival after myocardial infarction. In animal experiments &bgr;-blockers have also shown an antiatherosclerotic effect. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the &bgr;-blocker metoprolol succinate controlled release\/extended release (CR\/XL), when given to patients with hypercholesterolemia on concomitant lipid-lowering therapy, provides an additional antiatherosclerotic effect to that provided by the statins, measured as carotid intima-media thickness (IMT). Methods\u2014 We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single center trial to compare the effect of metoprolol CR\/XL (100 mg once daily) and placebo on the progression of carotid IMT during 36 months of treatment in patients with hypercholesterolemia and signs of early atherosclerosis in the carotid artery. Most patients were prescribed lipid-lowering treatment with statins. Results\u2014 A highly significant difference in the progression rate of the composite variable of carotid bulb IMT+common carotid IMT was observed between the metoprolol CR\/XL and placebo groups after 1 year of treatment (\u22120.08 versus \u22120.01 mm;P =0.004), an effect that was sustained after 3 years of follow-up (\u22120.06 versus +0.03 mm;P =0.011). The patients had high levels of total cholesterol at randomization: 9.4 mmol\/L in the metoprolol CR\/XL group and 8.6 mmol\/L in the placebo group. During the study the 2 randomization groups were treated with lipid-lowering drugs, mainly statins, to a similar extent, and total cholesterol was reduced to 6.4 mmol\/L at end of follow-up in both groups. Conclusions\u2014 The results from the present study in patients with hypercholesterolemia under concomitant lipid-lowering therapy are the first clinical data to show an antiatherosclerotic effect of &bgr;-blockade as additional therapy to statins. The data indicate that statin treatment and treatment with &bgr;-blockers affect different mechanisms in the atherosclerotic process and have additive beneficial effects.","abstract_count":292,"abstract_language":"en","abstract_perplexity":-16.31809761515267,"extfieldsofstudy":["Medicine"],"provenance":"pes2o_v2-0005.json.gz:867628","s2fieldsofstudy":["Medicine"],"sha1":"c12a26609cc1f655e0418e9e2ac47e35048baf1e","sources":["Anansi","Adhoc","Grobid","ScienceParsePlus","ScienceParseMerged","MergedPDFExtraction","WoltersKluwer","Medline","Unpaywall","MAG"],"title":"Effect of Controlled Release\/Extended Release Metoprolol on Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Patients With Hypercholesterolemia: A 3-Year Randomized Study","title_count":18,"title_language":"en","title_perplexity":-16.54411234326711,"top_frequencies":[{"count":16,"token":"the"},{"count":13,"token":"of"},{"count":10,"token":"in"},{"count":9,"token":"to"},{"count":8,"token":"and"},{"count":6,"token":"with"},{"count":5,"token":"patients"},{"count":5,"token":"carotid"},{"count":5,"token":"treatment"},{"count":4,"token":"an"},{"count":4,"token":"The"},{"count":4,"token":"was"},{"count":4,"token":"that"},{"count":4,"token":"metoprolol"},{"count":4,"token":"lipid-lowering"},{"count":4,"token":"effect"},{"count":3,"token":"on"},{"count":3,"token":"after"},{"count":3,"token":"antiatherosclerotic"},{"count":3,"token":"study"},{"count":3,"token":"hypercholesterolemia"},{"count":3,"token":"CR\/XL"},{"count":3,"token":"placebo"},{"count":3,"token":"mmol\/L"},{"count":2,"token":"A"},{"count":2,"token":"shown"},{"count":2,"token":"&bgr;-blockers"},{"count":2,"token":"have"},{"count":2,"token":"concomitant"},{"count":2,"token":"additional"},{"count":2,"token":"statins,"},{"count":2,"token":"as"},{"count":2,"token":"a"},{"count":2,"token":"progression"},{"count":2,"token":"IMT"},{"count":2,"token":"were"},{"count":2,"token":"statins."},{"count":2,"token":"groups"},{"count":2,"token":"versus"},{"count":2,"token":"mm;P"},{"count":2,"token":"follow-up"},{"count":2,"token":"total"},{"count":2,"token":"cholesterol"},{"count":2,"token":"at"},{"count":2,"token":"therapy"},{"count":2,"token":"data"},{"count":1,"token":"Effect"},{"count":1,"token":"Controlled"},{"count":1,"token":"Release\/Extended"},{"count":1,"token":"Release"},{"count":1,"token":"Metoprolol"},{"count":1,"token":"Carotid"},{"count":1,"token":"Intima-Media"},{"count":1,"token":"Thickness"},{"count":1,"token":"Patients"},{"count":1,"token":"With"},{"count":1,"token":"Hypercholesterolemia:"},{"count":1,"token":"3-Year"},{"count":1,"token":"Randomized"},{"count":1,"token":"Study"},{"count":1,"token":"Background"},{"count":1,"token":"Purpose\u2014"},{"count":1,"token":"&bgr;-Adrenergic"},{"count":1,"token":"blockade"},{"count":1,"token":"has"},{"count":1,"token":"several"},{"count":1,"token":"studies"},{"count":1,"token":"been"},{"count":1,"token":"improve"},{"count":1,"token":"survival"},{"count":1,"token":"myocardial"},{"count":1,"token":"infarction."},{"count":1,"token":"In"},{"count":1,"token":"animal"},{"count":1,"token":"experiments"},{"count":1,"token":"also"},{"count":1,"token":"effect."},{"count":1,"token":"aim"},{"count":1,"token":"this"},{"count":1,"token":"test"},{"count":1,"token":"hypothesis"},{"count":1,"token":"&bgr;-blocker"},{"count":1,"token":"succinate"},{"count":1,"token":"controlled"},{"count":1,"token":"release\/extended"},{"count":1,"token":"release"},{"count":1,"token":"(CR\/XL),"},{"count":1,"token":"when"},{"count":1,"token":"given"},{"count":1,"token":"therapy,"},{"count":1,"token":"provides"},{"count":1,"token":"provided"},{"count":1,"token":"by"},{"count":1,"token":"measured"},{"count":1,"token":"intima-media"},{"count":1,"token":"thickness"},{"count":1,"token":"(IMT)."},{"count":1,"token":"Methods\u2014"},{"count":1,"token":"We"},{"count":1,"token":"conducted"}],"year":2002},"source":"s2","version":"v3-fos"}
| 504 |
stackexchange-2102603
|
Set Edittexts hint text style as italic
I need to set the hint of a EditText as italic style, but I can't find any place how to do it.
Some one here has a clue how to do it or do I have to accept that is impossible?
Inside strings.xml
<string name="hint1"><i>Your hint here</i></string>
In your .xml file
<EditText android:hint="@string/hint1" />
|
stackexchange
|
{"added":"2015-03-16T05:56:37.687","attributes":{"dedupe_para_ngrams_13_1":[]},"created":"2013-02-04T10:14:46.657","id":"stackoverflow_com-14684559-14684721","metadata":{"answer_comment_count":4,"answer_content_license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","answer_id":14684721,"answer_last_activity_date":"2015-03-16T05:56:37.687","answer_last_edit_date":"2015-03-16T05:56:37.687","answer_last_editor_user_id":1321640,"answer_owner_user_id":1321640,"answer_score":90,"answer_view_count":0,"forum":"stackoverflow_com","provenance":"20241028_173636_00007_mgema_dc6ba8ae-5e8d-42d1-bc6b-be51af37a5aa.zst:100795","question_comment_count":1,"question_content_license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","question_id":14684559,"question_last_activity_date":"2016-06-30T09:35:40.733","question_last_edit_date":"","question_last_editor_user_id":0,"question_owner_user_id":638368,"question_score":35,"question_view_count":33561},"source":"stackexchange","version":"20240930"}
| 107 |
flan-5550437
|
Title: Main story bad, backups worse. Product review: I never heard of Richard Matheson's work before seeing the Will Smith movie version of I Am Legend. I'm not proud of that knowing that he pretty well thought of but after reading, or at least trying to read this I'm not exactly sure why. The main story here while almost nothing like the movie also wasn't that good. The story could have been fleshed out and the "science" didn't make much sense. The ending was good but overall not very good in my opinion. Sadly the rest of the book contained short stories that I struggled to get through then finally relented and gave up. Cliché followed cliché which is odd for stories printed so long ago. Overall this is something that is better about than read. Would you say this review depicts the product in a flattering or unflattering light?
The answer to this question is: unflattering
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flan
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{"attributes":{"dedupe_ngrams_8_1_all_train":[[0.0,842.0,0.0],[842.0,887.0,0.0]],"paloma_paragraphs":[]},"id":"a6afadbdc408867a0e666a50d50b7d92","metadata":{"_replicate":0,"_task_name":"amazon_polarity_flattering_or_not","_task_source":"P3","_template_idx":7,"_template_type":"zs_opt","provenance":"60M-shots_all-upweight_1-dialog_false-sep_rulebased-test-0034.json.gz:338264"},"source":"flan_v2"}
| 195 |
pes2o-4757286
|
Thinking About a Professional Ethics
The article begins by considering some of the factors that make thinking about ethical issues difficult especially as they come up in language assessment. It discusses the idea of a professional ethics as a guide for ethical decision-making and rejects virtue and utilitarian accounts for a Kantian perspective. A Kantian perspective is favored in part because it encourages us to think about constructing a professional ethic as an object that helps further complex ethical ends. The ethical code of the American Psychological Association is discussed critically as a means of seeing how to understand differences between professional aspirations and principles that set requirements. I conclude with a brief discussion of 2 issues of concern for language assessment, educational accountability and immigration policy.
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pes2o
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{"added":"2019-05-07T14:20:45.245Z","created":"2004-07-01T00:00:00.000Z","id":"146287711","metadata":{"abstract":"The article begins by considering some of the factors that make thinking about ethical issues difficult especially as they come up in language assessment. It discusses the idea of a professional ethics as a guide for ethical decision-making and rejects virtue and utilitarian accounts for a Kantian perspective. A Kantian perspective is favored in part because it encourages us to think about constructing a professional ethic as an object that helps further complex ethical ends. The ethical code of the American Psychological Association is discussed critically as a means of seeing how to understand differences between professional aspirations and principles that set requirements. I conclude with a brief discussion of 2 issues of concern for language assessment, educational accountability and immigration policy.","abstract_count":122,"abstract_language":"en","abstract_perplexity":-12.222829903998225,"extfieldsofstudy":["Sociology"],"provenance":"pes2o_v2-0001.json.gz:894755","s2fieldsofstudy":["Psychology"],"sha1":"1be7111f7a8715c28577ed9b7bc560471bca8dfb","sources":["MergedPDFExtraction","TaylorAndFrancis","Unpaywall","MAG"],"title":"Thinking About a Professional Ethics","title_count":5,"title_language":"en","title_perplexity":-11.197266695840854,"top_frequencies":[{"count":7,"token":"a"},{"count":6,"token":"of"},{"count":4,"token":"ethical"},{"count":4,"token":"as"},{"count":4,"token":"and"},{"count":3,"token":"the"},{"count":3,"token":"that"},{"count":3,"token":"professional"},{"count":3,"token":"for"},{"count":2,"token":"The"},{"count":2,"token":"about"},{"count":2,"token":"issues"},{"count":2,"token":"in"},{"count":2,"token":"language"},{"count":2,"token":"Kantian"},{"count":2,"token":"is"},{"count":2,"token":"to"},{"count":1,"token":"Thinking"},{"count":1,"token":"About"},{"count":1,"token":"Professional"},{"count":1,"token":"Ethics"},{"count":1,"token":"article"},{"count":1,"token":"begins"},{"count":1,"token":"by"},{"count":1,"token":"considering"},{"count":1,"token":"some"},{"count":1,"token":"factors"},{"count":1,"token":"make"},{"count":1,"token":"thinking"},{"count":1,"token":"difficult"},{"count":1,"token":"especially"},{"count":1,"token":"they"},{"count":1,"token":"come"},{"count":1,"token":"up"},{"count":1,"token":"assessment."},{"count":1,"token":"It"},{"count":1,"token":"discusses"},{"count":1,"token":"idea"},{"count":1,"token":"ethics"},{"count":1,"token":"guide"},{"count":1,"token":"decision-making"},{"count":1,"token":"rejects"},{"count":1,"token":"virtue"},{"count":1,"token":"utilitarian"},{"count":1,"token":"accounts"},{"count":1,"token":"perspective."},{"count":1,"token":"A"},{"count":1,"token":"perspective"},{"count":1,"token":"favored"},{"count":1,"token":"part"},{"count":1,"token":"because"},{"count":1,"token":"it"},{"count":1,"token":"encourages"},{"count":1,"token":"us"},{"count":1,"token":"think"},{"count":1,"token":"constructing"},{"count":1,"token":"ethic"},{"count":1,"token":"an"},{"count":1,"token":"object"},{"count":1,"token":"helps"},{"count":1,"token":"further"},{"count":1,"token":"complex"},{"count":1,"token":"ends."},{"count":1,"token":"code"},{"count":1,"token":"American"},{"count":1,"token":"Psychological"},{"count":1,"token":"Association"},{"count":1,"token":"discussed"},{"count":1,"token":"critically"},{"count":1,"token":"means"},{"count":1,"token":"seeing"},{"count":1,"token":"how"},{"count":1,"token":"understand"},{"count":1,"token":"differences"},{"count":1,"token":"between"},{"count":1,"token":"aspirations"},{"count":1,"token":"principles"},{"count":1,"token":"set"},{"count":1,"token":"requirements."},{"count":1,"token":"I"},{"count":1,"token":"conclude"},{"count":1,"token":"with"},{"count":1,"token":"brief"},{"count":1,"token":"discussion"},{"count":1,"token":"2"},{"count":1,"token":"concern"},{"count":1,"token":"assessment,"},{"count":1,"token":"educational"},{"count":1,"token":"accountability"},{"count":1,"token":"immigration"},{"count":1,"token":"policy."}],"year":2004},"source":"s2","version":"v3-fos"}
| 141 |
flan-20169857
|
Against which background is Dickens' novel 'A tale of two cities' based?
What is the answer? french revolution
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flan
|
{"attributes":{"dedupe_ngrams_8_1_all_train":[[0.0,73.0,0.0]],"paloma_paragraphs":[]},"id":"b7016ad98dc906e8c86d29d1377d51c6","metadata":{"_replicate":0,"_task_name":"trivia_qa\/rc:1.1.0","_task_source":"Flan2021","_template_idx":9,"_template_type":"zs_noopt","provenance":"60M-shots_all-upweight_1-dialog_false-sep_rulebased-train-0121.json.gz:123458"},"source":"flan_v2"}
| 27 |
pes2o-1214876
|
[Investigations of hormonal contraception in the young].
Experiences with hormonal contraceptive treatment of adolescent girls is reported. 50 girls aged 14-18 years were treated with Sequilar for a total of 405 cycles. No pregnancies were observed, but 8 patients were unable to tolerate the preparation. 225 other patients were treated with minipill, standard combination, and standard sequential preparations for a total of 2130 cycles. These preparations were not as well tolerated as Sequilar, especially because of menstrual cycle disturbances. Hormonal contraception is considered preferable to the risk of pregnancy and induced abortion in otherwise healthy young women. A sequential preparation is more physiological, however, in that it fosters normal estrogen-guided genital development.
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pes2o
|
{"added":"2018-04-03T01:57:35.259Z","created":"1976-03-01T00:00:00.000Z","id":"21856190","metadata":{"abstract":"\n Experiences with hormonal contraceptive treatment of adolescent girls is reported. 50 girls aged 14-18 years were treated with Sequilar for a total of 405 cycles. No pregnancies were observed, but 8 patients were unable to tolerate the preparation. 225 other patients were treated with minipill, standard combination, and standard sequential preparations for a total of 2130 cycles. These preparations were not as well tolerated as Sequilar, especially because of menstrual cycle disturbances. Hormonal contraception is considered preferable to the risk of pregnancy and induced abortion in otherwise healthy young women. A sequential preparation is more physiological, however, in that it fosters normal estrogen-guided genital development.\n","abstract_count":105,"abstract_language":"en","abstract_perplexity":-15.548290212592647,"extfieldsofstudy":["Medicine"],"provenance":"pes2o_v2-0000.json.gz:1214877","s2fieldsofstudy":["Medicine","Biology"],"sha1":"76226a9ebf6fd1ca4c8e1d52159bb12e577af52a","sources":["Medline","MAG"],"title":"[Investigations of hormonal contraception in the young].","title_count":7,"title_language":"en","title_perplexity":-17.123803279642683,"top_frequencies":[{"count":6,"token":"of"},{"count":5,"token":"were"},{"count":3,"token":"in"},{"count":3,"token":"the"},{"count":3,"token":"with"},{"count":3,"token":"is"},{"count":2,"token":"hormonal"},{"count":2,"token":"contraception"},{"count":2,"token":"girls"},{"count":2,"token":"treated"},{"count":2,"token":"for"},{"count":2,"token":"a"},{"count":2,"token":"total"},{"count":2,"token":"cycles."},{"count":2,"token":"patients"},{"count":2,"token":"to"},{"count":2,"token":"standard"},{"count":2,"token":"and"},{"count":2,"token":"sequential"},{"count":2,"token":"preparations"},{"count":2,"token":"as"},{"count":1,"token":"[Investigations"},{"count":1,"token":"young]."},{"count":1,"token":"Experiences"},{"count":1,"token":"contraceptive"},{"count":1,"token":"treatment"},{"count":1,"token":"adolescent"},{"count":1,"token":"reported."},{"count":1,"token":"50"},{"count":1,"token":"aged"},{"count":1,"token":"14-18"},{"count":1,"token":"years"},{"count":1,"token":"Sequilar"},{"count":1,"token":"405"},{"count":1,"token":"No"},{"count":1,"token":"pregnancies"},{"count":1,"token":"observed,"},{"count":1,"token":"but"},{"count":1,"token":"8"},{"count":1,"token":"unable"},{"count":1,"token":"tolerate"},{"count":1,"token":"preparation."},{"count":1,"token":"225"},{"count":1,"token":"other"},{"count":1,"token":"minipill,"},{"count":1,"token":"combination,"},{"count":1,"token":"2130"},{"count":1,"token":"These"},{"count":1,"token":"not"},{"count":1,"token":"well"},{"count":1,"token":"tolerated"},{"count":1,"token":"Sequilar,"},{"count":1,"token":"especially"},{"count":1,"token":"because"},{"count":1,"token":"menstrual"},{"count":1,"token":"cycle"},{"count":1,"token":"disturbances."},{"count":1,"token":"Hormonal"},{"count":1,"token":"considered"},{"count":1,"token":"preferable"},{"count":1,"token":"risk"},{"count":1,"token":"pregnancy"},{"count":1,"token":"induced"},{"count":1,"token":"abortion"},{"count":1,"token":"otherwise"},{"count":1,"token":"healthy"},{"count":1,"token":"young"},{"count":1,"token":"women."},{"count":1,"token":"A"},{"count":1,"token":"preparation"},{"count":1,"token":"more"},{"count":1,"token":"physiological,"},{"count":1,"token":"however,"},{"count":1,"token":"that"},{"count":1,"token":"it"},{"count":1,"token":"fosters"},{"count":1,"token":"normal"},{"count":1,"token":"estrogen-guided"},{"count":1,"token":"genital"},{"count":1,"token":"development."}],"year":1976},"source":"s2","version":"v3-fos"}
| 145 |
dclm-416595355
|
75 pfennig Notgeld
previous next next
Gift of Yehuda Nir in memory of his father, Samuel Grunfeld
Id no. 179.90, Currency, German
The banner on the left translates: O David, what has happened to you? You are only half shaved? No, really it is not funny. You cannot do smart business today. Yes, now it has just happened to you. You have been cheated.
Cities, towns and enterprises printed emergency currency during the inflation of the 1920s. When Jews were blamed for economic problems, Notgeld incorporated anti-Semitic themes, images, and text.
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dclm
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{"fasttext_score":0.9208587408065796,"id":"<urn:uuid:a22711c4-4cf0-441c-8c04-4b6276fd6c2e>","language":"en","language_score":0.9246511459350586,"url":"http:\/\/collection.mjhnyc.org\/index.php?g=detail&action=search&object_id=13729","nemo_id":"dclm-gs7-070033935"}
| 148 |
pes2o-10466734
|
Modifiable Factors Influencing Postpartum IUD Expulsion and IUD String Visualization [35J]
METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort analysis of singleton nonanomalous pregnancies in the United States between January 2015 and December 2017. Data was abstracted from the CDC National Center for Health Statistics from the Division of Vital Statistics. Analyses compared IOL at 39 weeks of gestation versus EM with delivery between 40 and 42 weeks of gestation. Maternal outcomes of interest included need for blood transfusion, development of chorioamnionitis, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, uterine rupture, unplanned hysterectomy, and cesarean delivery (CD). Logistic-binomial regression analysis was performed to calculate the relative risk for the outcomes of interest, adjusting for confounding variables.
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pes2o
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{"added":"2020-04-30T09:09:30.670Z","created":"2020-05-01T00:00:00.000Z","id":"219016453","metadata":{"abstract":"METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort analysis of singleton nonanomalous pregnancies in the United States between January 2015 and December 2017. Data was abstracted from the CDC National Center for Health Statistics from the Division of Vital Statistics. Analyses compared IOL at 39 weeks of gestation versus EM with delivery between 40 and 42 weeks of gestation. Maternal outcomes of interest included need for blood transfusion, development of chorioamnionitis, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, uterine rupture, unplanned hysterectomy, and cesarean delivery (CD). Logistic-binomial regression analysis was performed to calculate the relative risk for the outcomes of interest, adjusting for confounding variables.","abstract_count":101,"abstract_language":"en","abstract_perplexity":-15.67935600215533,"extfieldsofstudy":["Medicine"],"provenance":"pes2o_v2-0002.json.gz:2727533","s2fieldsofstudy":["Medicine"],"sha1":"9bb8712cd2ca8e7c36227f6a4355a88eb5d77367","sources":["Crossref","MergedPDFExtraction","MAG","Unpaywall"],"title":"Modifiable Factors Influencing Postpartum IUD Expulsion and IUD String Visualization [35J]","title_count":11,"title_language":"en","title_perplexity":-19.95742184163304,"top_frequencies":[{"count":7,"token":"of"},{"count":5,"token":"the"},{"count":4,"token":"and"},{"count":4,"token":"for"},{"count":2,"token":"IUD"},{"count":2,"token":"analysis"},{"count":2,"token":"between"},{"count":2,"token":"was"},{"count":2,"token":"from"},{"count":2,"token":"weeks"},{"count":2,"token":"delivery"},{"count":2,"token":"outcomes"},{"count":1,"token":"Modifiable"},{"count":1,"token":"Factors"},{"count":1,"token":"Influencing"},{"count":1,"token":"Postpartum"},{"count":1,"token":"Expulsion"},{"count":1,"token":"String"},{"count":1,"token":"Visualization"},{"count":1,"token":"[35J]"},{"count":1,"token":"METHODS:"},{"count":1,"token":"This"},{"count":1,"token":"is"},{"count":1,"token":"a"},{"count":1,"token":"retrospective"},{"count":1,"token":"cohort"},{"count":1,"token":"singleton"},{"count":1,"token":"nonanomalous"},{"count":1,"token":"pregnancies"},{"count":1,"token":"in"},{"count":1,"token":"United"},{"count":1,"token":"States"},{"count":1,"token":"January"},{"count":1,"token":"2015"},{"count":1,"token":"December"},{"count":1,"token":"2017."},{"count":1,"token":"Data"},{"count":1,"token":"abstracted"},{"count":1,"token":"CDC"},{"count":1,"token":"National"},{"count":1,"token":"Center"},{"count":1,"token":"Health"},{"count":1,"token":"Statistics"},{"count":1,"token":"Division"},{"count":1,"token":"Vital"},{"count":1,"token":"Statistics."},{"count":1,"token":"Analyses"},{"count":1,"token":"compared"},{"count":1,"token":"IOL"},{"count":1,"token":"at"},{"count":1,"token":"39"},{"count":1,"token":"gestation"},{"count":1,"token":"versus"},{"count":1,"token":"EM"},{"count":1,"token":"with"},{"count":1,"token":"40"},{"count":1,"token":"42"},{"count":1,"token":"gestation."},{"count":1,"token":"Maternal"},{"count":1,"token":"interest"},{"count":1,"token":"included"},{"count":1,"token":"need"},{"count":1,"token":"blood"},{"count":1,"token":"transfusion,"},{"count":1,"token":"development"},{"count":1,"token":"chorioamnionitis,"},{"count":1,"token":"intensive"},{"count":1,"token":"care"},{"count":1,"token":"unit"},{"count":1,"token":"(ICU)"},{"count":1,"token":"admission,"},{"count":1,"token":"uterine"},{"count":1,"token":"rupture,"},{"count":1,"token":"unplanned"},{"count":1,"token":"hysterectomy,"},{"count":1,"token":"cesarean"},{"count":1,"token":"(CD)."},{"count":1,"token":"Logistic-binomial"},{"count":1,"token":"regression"},{"count":1,"token":"performed"},{"count":1,"token":"to"},{"count":1,"token":"calculate"},{"count":1,"token":"relative"},{"count":1,"token":"risk"},{"count":1,"token":"interest,"},{"count":1,"token":"adjusting"},{"count":1,"token":"confounding"},{"count":1,"token":"variables."}],"year":2020},"source":"s2","version":"v3-fos"}
| 159 |
flan-4854337
|
Title: cornered by a boor Review: Ever find yourself sitting on a bus or plane beside someone who, like Coleridge's Ancient Mariner, insists on telling you his life story, even though the story is (unlike that of Coleridge's uncanny narrator) essentially empty of significant content? That's what reading this book is like. The author relates how he was once slighted by Al Gore at a meeting of Ohio Democratic Party county chairmen. After reading into this book a bit, you can hardly fault Gore for wanting to get the heck away from this guy. So Angel became for a time the ineffectual chair of the Democratic party in an county where Democrats are as scarce as hen's teeth. So what? Who cares?Another one of those books by an academic, and published by an academic press, that is essentially pointless and, from a stylistic point of view, unreadable. A waste of paper. Does this product review convey a negative or positive sentiment?
A: Negative
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flan
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{"attributes":{"dedupe_ngrams_8_1_all_train":[[0.0,937.0,0.0]],"paloma_paragraphs":[]},"id":"474691228aa1a4e9d70934ea88e4d498","metadata":{"_replicate":0,"_task_name":"amazon_polarity_convey_negative_or_positive_sentiment","_task_source":"P3","_template_idx":2,"_template_type":"zs_noopt","provenance":"60M-shots_all-upweight_1-dialog_false-sep_rulebased-test-0032.json.gz:253794"},"source":"flan_v2"}
| 207 |
pes2o-25789227
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Microfabricated Silicon High-Frequency Waveguide Couplers and Antennas
A method has been developed to fabricate waveguide-to-waveguide couplers and tapered dielectric rod antennas for the millimeter-wave regime from microetched silicon. A proof-of-concept study shows that the structures can be realized using relatively simple wet etching and robotic process control. Experimental measurements of the waveguide-waveguide couplers agree in key features with simulations. The results indicate that two-stepped tapers perform nearly as well as smooth linear tapers, but are much easier to fabricate. Coupling transmissivity of better than -1 dB, and peak antenna gain of 8-10 dB are indicated at W-band frequencies. Lateral dimension etch control of 5-mum precision was realized. To solve a challenge of controlling the length of the first step, either an improved masking method or a switch to dry etching processes is required.
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pes2o
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{"added":"2017-02-20T15:48:13.492Z","created":"2009-03-31T00:00:00.000Z","id":"2247778","metadata":{"abstract":"A method has been developed to fabricate waveguide-to-waveguide couplers and tapered dielectric rod antennas for the millimeter-wave regime from microetched silicon. A proof-of-concept study shows that the structures can be realized using relatively simple wet etching and robotic process control. Experimental measurements of the waveguide-waveguide couplers agree in key features with simulations. The results indicate that two-stepped tapers perform nearly as well as smooth linear tapers, but are much easier to fabricate. Coupling transmissivity of better than -1 dB, and peak antenna gain of 8-10 dB are indicated at W-band frequencies. Lateral dimension etch control of 5-mum precision was realized. To solve a challenge of controlling the length of the first step, either an improved masking method or a switch to dry etching processes is required.","abstract_count":126,"abstract_language":"en","abstract_perplexity":-15.174676053328792,"extfieldsofstudy":["Materials Science"],"provenance":"pes2o_v2-0006.json.gz:2574419","s2fieldsofstudy":["Physics"],"sha1":"f61e287925e5d95434ee3c7ff6150979fdbbf386","sources":["IEEE","Unpaywall","ScienceParseMerged","MAG"],"title":"Microfabricated Silicon High-Frequency Waveguide Couplers and Antennas","title_count":7,"title_language":"en","title_perplexity":-17.5739629331798,"top_frequencies":[{"count":6,"token":"of"},{"count":5,"token":"the"},{"count":4,"token":"and"},{"count":3,"token":"to"},{"count":2,"token":"A"},{"count":2,"token":"method"},{"count":2,"token":"couplers"},{"count":2,"token":"that"},{"count":2,"token":"etching"},{"count":2,"token":"as"},{"count":2,"token":"are"},{"count":2,"token":"a"},{"count":1,"token":"Microfabricated"},{"count":1,"token":"Silicon"},{"count":1,"token":"High-Frequency"},{"count":1,"token":"Waveguide"},{"count":1,"token":"Couplers"},{"count":1,"token":"Antennas"},{"count":1,"token":"has"},{"count":1,"token":"been"},{"count":1,"token":"developed"},{"count":1,"token":"fabricate"},{"count":1,"token":"waveguide-to-waveguide"},{"count":1,"token":"tapered"},{"count":1,"token":"dielectric"},{"count":1,"token":"rod"},{"count":1,"token":"antennas"},{"count":1,"token":"for"},{"count":1,"token":"millimeter-wave"},{"count":1,"token":"regime"},{"count":1,"token":"from"},{"count":1,"token":"microetched"},{"count":1,"token":"silicon."},{"count":1,"token":"proof-of-concept"},{"count":1,"token":"study"},{"count":1,"token":"shows"},{"count":1,"token":"structures"},{"count":1,"token":"can"},{"count":1,"token":"be"},{"count":1,"token":"realized"},{"count":1,"token":"using"},{"count":1,"token":"relatively"},{"count":1,"token":"simple"},{"count":1,"token":"wet"},{"count":1,"token":"robotic"},{"count":1,"token":"process"},{"count":1,"token":"control."},{"count":1,"token":"Experimental"},{"count":1,"token":"measurements"},{"count":1,"token":"waveguide-waveguide"},{"count":1,"token":"agree"},{"count":1,"token":"in"},{"count":1,"token":"key"},{"count":1,"token":"features"},{"count":1,"token":"with"},{"count":1,"token":"simulations."},{"count":1,"token":"The"},{"count":1,"token":"results"},{"count":1,"token":"indicate"},{"count":1,"token":"two-stepped"},{"count":1,"token":"tapers"},{"count":1,"token":"perform"},{"count":1,"token":"nearly"},{"count":1,"token":"well"},{"count":1,"token":"smooth"},{"count":1,"token":"linear"},{"count":1,"token":"tapers,"},{"count":1,"token":"but"},{"count":1,"token":"much"},{"count":1,"token":"easier"},{"count":1,"token":"fabricate."},{"count":1,"token":"Coupling"},{"count":1,"token":"transmissivity"},{"count":1,"token":"better"},{"count":1,"token":"than"},{"count":1,"token":"-1"},{"count":1,"token":"dB,"},{"count":1,"token":"peak"},{"count":1,"token":"antenna"},{"count":1,"token":"gain"},{"count":1,"token":"8-10"},{"count":1,"token":"dB"},{"count":1,"token":"indicated"},{"count":1,"token":"at"},{"count":1,"token":"W-band"},{"count":1,"token":"frequencies."},{"count":1,"token":"Lateral"},{"count":1,"token":"dimension"},{"count":1,"token":"etch"},{"count":1,"token":"control"},{"count":1,"token":"5-mum"},{"count":1,"token":"precision"},{"count":1,"token":"was"},{"count":1,"token":"realized."},{"count":1,"token":"To"},{"count":1,"token":"solve"},{"count":1,"token":"challenge"},{"count":1,"token":"controlling"},{"count":1,"token":"length"},{"count":1,"token":"first"}],"year":2009},"source":"s2","version":"v3-fos"}
| 195 |
flan-19899101
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Ann Heidig fulfilled a dream when she started her own winery in Central Virginia. She produces only 5,000 cases of wine a year -oo few to attract a wholesale
What is a good title for this? Wine Case Goes to High Court
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flan
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| 53 |
flan-7898984
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much like the country it serves , afghanistan 's central bank has sunk so far over the years that it has almost nowhere to go but up .
A summary about the text above: afghanistan 's central bank begins rebuilding plan with new
britain 's carlton group , which runs two regional television channels at home , is to take a stake in the new fiction drama channel planned by state-owned france television , a reliable source said .
A summary about the text above: carlton group to take stake in new french channel
the scramble of the last few months will cease ; meals , not cakes , will be the main fare out of the abbey 's kitchen , and life , said father james conner , the abbot , `` can get back to normal for a while .
A summary about the text above: with a little help and a lot of cake a new abbey will be built
portuguese fishermen plan to follow their french counterparts by striking in protest at the high price of fuel for their boats , union and industry officials said friday .
A summary about the text above: portuguese fishermen plan strike over high oil prices
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flan
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| 253 |
flan-10062802
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How is "Michael Jacobs, director of the KIOGE conference from ITE Group Plc, highlighted in his speech the anniversary nature of this year’s exhibition and noted that over the years, the exhibition has been “the best venue to hold negotiations among all oil and gas sector stakeholders.”" said in Russian?
In Russian: Майкл Джейкобс, руководитель KIOGE Конференции компании ITE Group Plc, в своем выступлении, подчеркнул юбилейный год проведения Выставки.
How is "Adygeya is the republic of old history and different cullure." said in Russian?
In Russian: Адыгея - республика с древней историей. В начале бронзового века на Северном Кавказе сложилась мошная культура, названная учеными по имени кургана, расположенного на восточной окраине современного Майкопа.
How is "With his remix of “Kino-Glaz/Kino-Pravda” of Dziga Vertov, DJ Spooky wants to engage the 21st century fascination with realism and synthesis from archival resources and make a connection with some of the historical concepts that Vertov pioneered. DJ has re-scored and re-mixed the Vertov’s films with a contemporary soundtrack based on a combination of contemporary art’s dialectical relationship with video-montage and his work as a composer, artist, and writer." said in Russian?
In Russian: 4ainygribb : Пролетела неделя Киберфеста, и сейчас даже не знаю с чего и начать-то.
How is "Rat-catcher" said in Russian?
In Russian: Крысолов
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flan
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| 475 |
flan-1730520
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What is the sentiment of the following tweet?
Tweet:Berkeley and Brad had a magical adventure. And will have many more. it is our destiny positive
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flan
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{"attributes":{"dedupe_ngrams_8_1_all_train":[[0.0,46.0,0.0],[46.0,146.0,0.0]],"paloma_paragraphs":[]},"id":"6c426b3ddf4e62bc309baf99b73ebc76","metadata":{"_replicate":0,"_task_name":"sentiment140:1.0.0","_task_source":"Flan2021","_template_idx":4,"_template_type":"zs_noopt","provenance":"60M-shots_all-upweight_1-dialog_false-sep_rulebased-test-0014.json.gz:158156"},"source":"flan_v2"}
| 33 |
pes2o-18288402
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Resonant cavity effect optimization of III-nitride thin-film flip-chip light-emitting diodes with microsphere arrays.
Comprehensive studies were carried out to investigate the light extraction efficiency of thin-film flip-chip (TFFC) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with anatase TiO(2) microsphere arrays by employing the finite-difference time-domain method. The quantum well position and the resonant cavity effect were studied to obtain optimum light extraction for the planar TFFC LED. Further enhancement in light extraction was achieved by depositing microsphere arrays on the TFFC LED. The calculation results showed that the sphere diameter, packing density, and packing configuration have significant effects on the light extraction efficiency. A maximum light extraction efficiency of 75% in TFFC LEDs with microsphere arrays has been achieved. This study demonstrates the importance of optimizing the quantum well position, cavity thickness, sphere diameter, sphere packing density, and packing configuration for enhancing the light extraction efficiency of TFFC LEDs with microsphere arrays.
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pes2o
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{"added":"2017-05-30T21:29:39.862Z","created":"2015-07-10T00:00:00.000Z","id":"34046105","metadata":{"abstract":"Comprehensive studies were carried out to investigate the light extraction efficiency of thin-film flip-chip (TFFC) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with anatase TiO(2) microsphere arrays by employing the finite-difference time-domain method. The quantum well position and the resonant cavity effect were studied to obtain optimum light extraction for the planar TFFC LED. Further enhancement in light extraction was achieved by depositing microsphere arrays on the TFFC LED. The calculation results showed that the sphere diameter, packing density, and packing configuration have significant effects on the light extraction efficiency. A maximum light extraction efficiency of 75% in TFFC LEDs with microsphere arrays has been achieved. This study demonstrates the importance of optimizing the quantum well position, cavity thickness, sphere diameter, sphere packing density, and packing configuration for enhancing the light extraction efficiency of TFFC LEDs with microsphere arrays.","abstract_count":135,"abstract_language":"en","abstract_perplexity":-15.93607922591606,"extfieldsofstudy":["Materials Science","Medicine"],"provenance":"pes2o_v2-0004.json.gz:2801795","s2fieldsofstudy":["Physics","Chemistry"],"sha1":"644e5bbdc78877412a100dcf7d5f9a3d66f4b4f7","sources":["Medline","Anansi","MAG","ScienceParseMerged","Unpaywall"],"title":"Resonant cavity effect optimization of III-nitride thin-film flip-chip light-emitting diodes with microsphere arrays.","title_count":13,"title_language":"en","title_perplexity":-18.65706983177306,"top_frequencies":[{"count":10,"token":"the"},{"count":6,"token":"light"},{"count":6,"token":"extraction"},{"count":5,"token":"of"},{"count":5,"token":"microsphere"},{"count":4,"token":"with"},{"count":4,"token":"TFFC"},{"count":4,"token":"packing"},{"count":3,"token":"cavity"},{"count":3,"token":"efficiency"},{"count":3,"token":"arrays"},{"count":3,"token":"and"},{"count":3,"token":"sphere"},{"count":2,"token":"effect"},{"count":2,"token":"thin-film"},{"count":2,"token":"flip-chip"},{"count":2,"token":"light-emitting"},{"count":2,"token":"diodes"},{"count":2,"token":"arrays."},{"count":2,"token":"were"},{"count":2,"token":"to"},{"count":2,"token":"by"},{"count":2,"token":"The"},{"count":2,"token":"quantum"},{"count":2,"token":"well"},{"count":2,"token":"for"},{"count":2,"token":"LED."},{"count":2,"token":"in"},{"count":2,"token":"on"},{"count":2,"token":"diameter,"},{"count":2,"token":"density,"},{"count":2,"token":"configuration"},{"count":2,"token":"LEDs"},{"count":1,"token":"Resonant"},{"count":1,"token":"optimization"},{"count":1,"token":"III-nitride"},{"count":1,"token":"Comprehensive"},{"count":1,"token":"studies"},{"count":1,"token":"carried"},{"count":1,"token":"out"},{"count":1,"token":"investigate"},{"count":1,"token":"(TFFC)"},{"count":1,"token":"(LEDs)"},{"count":1,"token":"anatase"},{"count":1,"token":"TiO(2)"},{"count":1,"token":"employing"},{"count":1,"token":"finite-difference"},{"count":1,"token":"time-domain"},{"count":1,"token":"method."},{"count":1,"token":"position"},{"count":1,"token":"resonant"},{"count":1,"token":"studied"},{"count":1,"token":"obtain"},{"count":1,"token":"optimum"},{"count":1,"token":"planar"},{"count":1,"token":"Further"},{"count":1,"token":"enhancement"},{"count":1,"token":"was"},{"count":1,"token":"achieved"},{"count":1,"token":"depositing"},{"count":1,"token":"calculation"},{"count":1,"token":"results"},{"count":1,"token":"showed"},{"count":1,"token":"that"},{"count":1,"token":"have"},{"count":1,"token":"significant"},{"count":1,"token":"effects"},{"count":1,"token":"efficiency."},{"count":1,"token":"A"},{"count":1,"token":"maximum"},{"count":1,"token":"75%"},{"count":1,"token":"has"},{"count":1,"token":"been"},{"count":1,"token":"achieved."},{"count":1,"token":"This"},{"count":1,"token":"study"},{"count":1,"token":"demonstrates"},{"count":1,"token":"importance"},{"count":1,"token":"optimizing"},{"count":1,"token":"position,"},{"count":1,"token":"thickness,"},{"count":1,"token":"enhancing"}],"year":2015},"source":"s2","version":"v3-fos"}
| 210 |
dclm-420213476
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Car Rental & Rent a Car Deals in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Here you can compare prices on car rental in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Try our search engine where you can book a rental car in 3 simple steps. When you rent a car from us, no surprise awaits when you pick up the car on your arrival. All prices include free mileage, airport fees and obligatory insurances, taxes and fees. The best price on luxury, economy and family cars. We help you find a rental car in the whole of Bosnia and Herzegovina. If you only want to rent from a specific company, you can choose that when you do your search.
Prices from large companies as well as small ones in Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Cheap rental cars in Bosnia and Herzegovina - Search, Compare & Save
At our website, you can compare prices on rental cars and car rental from several companies in all cities in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Find the best prices for rental cars online. Search for and book a cheap car in cities such as, Sarajevo, Banja Luka, Zenica, Tuzla, Mostar, Bihać, Bugojno, Brčko, Bijeljina, Prijedor, Trebinje. We only list prices of rental cars from companies that are safe and quality assured so that there will not be any problems when you arrive.
Easy, effortless and safe car rental where every cost is included, no hidden fees and free cancellations and amendments up to 24-48 hours before you are supposed to pick up the car. We have an easy and safe booking of rental cars online. At you can search for cars at and in the most popular cities, train stations, ferry terminals and airports in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Bosnia and Herzegovina information
Bosnia and Herzegovina has approximately 4,590,000 inhabitants and is located in Europe. The capital is Sarajevo where about 696,700 people live. Total surface/area 51,129 km² / 19,741 mi². The 28th largest country when it comes to inhabitants and the 28th largest regarding the surface in Europe. The largest regions/states/counties are Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Republika Srpska and Brčko District from a total of three. Bosnia and Herzegovina is the 123th largest country when it comes to inhabitants and the 131th largest regarding the surface in the world. Alternative names are Narodna Republika Bosna i Hercegovina, Republika Bosna i Hercegovina, Socijalistička Republika Bosna i Hercegovina, Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Hercegovina, Bosnia, People’s Republic of Bosnia and Hercegovina, Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnia and Hercegovina, Bosna i Hercegovina. The official languages that are used in the country are e.g. Croatian, Serbian, Bosnian. Weather and maps of cities, the country etc. in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Get suggestions on experiences, attractions, museums and destinations that could be worth a visit during your trip to the country. Sarajevo (c. 696700 pop), Banja Luka (c. 221100 pop), Zenica (c. 164400 pop), Tuzla (c. 142500 pop), Mostar (c. 104500 pop) are the five largest cities. .ba is a common domain ending for websites. The top five highest mountains are Vlasulja (2336 m / 7,664 ft), Badanj (2243 m / 7,359 ft), Pločno (2225 m / 7,300 ft), Veliki Vilinac (2113 m / 6,932 ft) and Lica (2111 m / 6,926 ft). Marka (BAM) is the currency used to make payments within the country. Neighboring countries are Croatia, Montenegro, Serbia. Is it included in the price to cross national borders? Usually not, the car rental company may charge a fee to cross national borders to Croatia, Montenegro, Serbia. All additional costs are paid directly at the rental desk in the local currency, Marka (BAM). It is stated in the rental terms and during the booking whether it is allowed to cross national borders and to which countries. To make a call, you use the country code +387.
Tourist attractions och activities in Bosnia and Herzegovina
It is often possible to stay one night or more at the vineyard. Vineyards and wine producers are, for example Winery Banjolučke biskupije, Winery Čitluk, Winery Grgić, Hercegovinavino, Podrumi Vukoje 1982, Postir, HEPOK Winery, Stina, Tre merli, Dingač, Vina Tomić, Skaramuča, Roso, Matuško Vines, Nikola and Tvrdoš Monastery. A day for wine tasting in Bosnia and Herzegovina? Do you want to do something fun with the whole family? Amusement parks, water parks and theme parks in Bosnia and Herzegovina are for example Banja Crni Guber, Grad Sunca, Water park Ribica, Toplice tople vode, Aquapark, Gradski Bazeni, Gradski bazen, Džungla bazeni, Pannonica (Panonika), Papillon, Ranč Lištanac and Luna Park. Visiting a Zoo with the whole family? Bingo ZOO, Zoološki vrt domaćih životinja, Zoološki vrt, Zoloski vrt, Zoološki vrt Split, Zoo Banja Luka and Pionirska dolina are aquariums, zoos, animal parks, tropicarium, tropical house and terrarium in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Cheap car rental with unlimited mileage in Bosnia and Herzegovina
There are many different models and sizes of cars to choose from. Fleet list in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Intermediate elite, Special cars (Special), Luxury elite, Large truck-lorry (Large truck), Electric cars, Estate, 5 seater minivan (5 seat minivan), Convertible, Economy cars (Economy), Standard cars (Standard), Medium SUV, Fullsize elite, Small SUV, Hybrid cars, Minivan, 7 seater minivan (7 seat minivan), Mini cars (Mini), Mini elite, Moped, 9 seater minivan / Minibus (9 seat minivan), Luxury cars (Luxury), Premium cars (Premium), Economy elite, Intermediate, SUV / Jeep (SUV), Small-medium truck-lorry (Small-medium truck), Exotic cars (Exotic), Fullsize cars (Fullsize), Compact elite, Compact cars (Compact), Cargo van. Big cities and popular destinations have more car types to choose from. If you want to rent a luxury car then search at the major airports and the most popular destinations in the major regions such as Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Republika Srpska and Brčko District etc. It can also be harder to find and book special cars during peak season, if you do not search well in advance, before you need your rental car.
Cars you can rent in Bosnia and Herzegovina are e.g. Exotic cars, Large truck-lorry, etc. 5 seater minivan: e.g. Renault Scenic, Citroen C3 Picasso, Convertible, Economy elite, etc. Mini cars: e.g. Volkswagen Up, Smart Fortwo, Citroen C1, Peugeot 107, etc. SUV / Jeep: e.g. Toyota Rav4, Daihatsu Terios, BMW X5, BMW X3, etc. 9 seater minivan / Minibus: e.g. Mercedes Vito Diesel, Mercedes Vito Traveliner, Luxury elite, Compact elite, etc. 7 seater minivan: e.g. Volkswagen Touran, Ford Galaxy, Fullsize elite, Special cars, etc. Fullsize cars: e.g. BMW 3 Series, Hybrid cars, Small-medium truck-lorry, Electric cars, Cargo van, etc. Premium cars: e.g. Mercedes E Class, etc. Estate: e.g. Ford Focus Estate, Renault Clio Estate, Volkswagen Passat Estate, Medium SUV, etc. Economy cars: e.g. Toyota Yaris, Opel Corsa, Volkswagen Polo, Citroen DS3, Ford Fiesta, etc. Standard cars: e.g. Volkswagen Passat, etc. Intermediate: e.g. Ford Mondeo, Toyota Avensis, Skoda Octavia, Audi A3, etc. Luxury cars: e.g. Mercedes S Class, Mini elite, Small SUV, etc. Minivan: e.g. Mercedes Viano, Moped, etc. Compact cars: e.g. Volkswagen Golf GTI, Audi A3, Volkswagen Golf, Opel Astra, BMW 1 Series, Intermediate elite, etc. However, in smaller cities and on islands like Mali Školj, Veliki Školj, Luke, Škarina, Humac, Bobotova Glavica and Gradac etc, the range is smaller.
What to consider when looking for a rental car in Bosnia and Herzegovina?
How do you find the cheapest rental car in Bosnia and Herzegovina? Book your car online, it is cheaper, easier and saves time. Book as early as possible, it becomes more expensive the closer you get to your trip. Book before you leave, especially if you are going to collect your car at an airport, such as Sarajevo Butmir International Airport, Banja Luka Mahovljani International Airport, Tuzla International Airport and Mostar International Airport. When you are searching with us you will find the best prices. Green Motion, Thrifty, Sixt, Budget, Europcar, Dollar, Enterprise, Surprice, Avis, Control, InterRent, Kapitals, Alamo, Hertz, Guma X, Euro Rent A Car, National are the companies that compares in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Car driving and traffic regulations
Driving a rental car in Bosnia and Herzegovina is not that difficult, but as in most countries there are parking and traffic regulations you must abide by. It is better to learn the most important parking and traffic regulations before your trip to avoid fines and make your trip safe. If you are planning to rent a car in the larger cities such as Sarajevo, Banja Luka, Zenica, Tuzla, Mostar, Bihać, Bugojno, Brčko, Bijeljina, Prijedor, Trebinje, you had better plan ahead! You might have trouble finding parking and there is often traffic, especially during rush hour.
Destinations in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Compare car rental in regions such as: Compare Rental Cars Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Republika Srpska and Brčko. Car rental in towns such as: Car Hire Sarajevo, Banja Luka, Zenica, Tuzla, Mostar, Bihać, Bugojno, Brčko, Bijeljina, Prijedor, Trebinje, Travnik, Doboj, Cazin, Velika Kladuša, Visoko, Goražde, Konjic, Gračanica and Gradačac. Car rental in airports such as: Rental Cars Sarajevo Airport, Banja Luka Airport, Tuzla Airport and Mostar Airport.
Frequently asked questions about car rental in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Are there extra charges for drop-off at a different location in Bosnia and Herzegovina?
Yes, in most cases the car rental agent will charge an extra fee if you wish to return the vehicle at a different location. We will clearly state whether the one-way fee is included in the rental price or what additional cost may arise at the time of booking.
Can I rent a car if I’m under 25 or over 75 in Bosnia and Herzegovina?
Can I book without a credit card in Bosnia and Herzegovina?
Yes. You can make a booking without a credit card. Note that, even if you choose to pay by debit card, you will have to provide a valid credit card in the driver’s name at the time of pick-up since the rental agent requires a credit card from which to take the rental deposit. Credit cards accepted for pick-up are MasterCard, Visa, and in some cases American Express.
Where can I purchase car rental insurancein Bosnia and Herzegovina?
We recommend purchasing the damage refund insurance at the time of booking. Our insurance partners offer a complete damage refund insurance package which is up to 50% cheaper than what you would pay at the rental supplier’s desk. The insurance cost and conditions will be displayed at the time of booking.
Car rental companies we compare in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Guma X, Enterprise, Sixt, Thrifty, National, Control, Kapitals, Dollar, Alamo, Surprice, Euro Rent A Car, Avis, InterRent, Budget, Europcar, Hertz and Green Motion are the companies compares in Bosnia and Herzegovina to find the best price.
Car Hire & Rent a Car Bosnia and Herzegovina Customer Reviews & Feedback
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dclm
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{"fasttext_score":0.02164369821548462,"id":"<urn:uuid:ef41b1e2-a677-4374-b1dc-6c430777b60d>","language":"en","language_score":0.8686302304267883,"url":"https:\/\/www.autoprio.com\/en-car-rental-bosnia-and-herzegovina\/","nemo_id":"dclm-gs7-109224281"}
| 3,040 |
pes2o-13889510
|
Accelerating Bliss: the geometry of ternary polynomials
The signature scheme Bliss proposed by Ducas, Durmus, Lepoint and Lyubashevsky at Crypto’13, is currently the most compact and efficient lattice-based signature scheme that is provably secure under lattice assumptions. It does compare favourably with the standardized schemes RSA and ECDSA on both Software and Hardware. In this work, we introduce a new technique that improves the above scheme, offering an acceleration factor up to 2.8, depending on the set of parameters. Namely, we improve the unnatural geometric bound used in Bliss to a tighter and much more natural bound by using some extra degree of freedom: the ternary representations of binary challenges. Precisely, we efficiently choose a ternary representation that makes the result deterministically shorter than the expected length for a random challenges. Our modified scheme Bliss-b is rather close to the original scheme, and both versions are compatible. The patch has been implemented on the Open-Source Software implementation of Bliss, and will be released under similar license.
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pes2o
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{"added":"2015-07-06T21:03:06.000Z","created":"2014-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","id":"12734514","metadata":{"abstract":"The signature scheme Bliss proposed by Ducas, Durmus, Lepoint and Lyubashevsky at Crypto\u201913, is currently the most compact and efficient lattice-based signature scheme that is provably secure under lattice assumptions. It does compare favourably with the standardized schemes RSA and ECDSA on both Software and Hardware. In this work, we introduce a new technique that improves the above scheme, offering an acceleration factor up to 2.8, depending on the set of parameters. Namely, we improve the unnatural geometric bound used in Bliss to a tighter and much more natural bound by using some extra degree of freedom: the ternary representations of binary challenges. Precisely, we efficiently choose a ternary representation that makes the result deterministically shorter than the expected length for a random challenges. Our modified scheme Bliss-b is rather close to the original scheme, and both versions are compatible. The patch has been implemented on the Open-Source Software implementation of Bliss, and will be released under similar license.","abstract_count":159,"abstract_language":"en","abstract_perplexity":-14.163067216330704,"extfieldsofstudy":["Computer Science","Mathematics"],"provenance":"pes2o_v2-0003.json.gz:2274320","s2fieldsofstudy":["Computer Science"],"sha1":"394257e099e25217b57e3527e3d00e9411ef1872","sources":["DBLP","Crawler","Anansi","ScienceParseMerged","MAG","Grobid"],"title":"Accelerating Bliss: the geometry of ternary polynomials","title_count":7,"title_language":"en","title_perplexity":-16.463466879062796,"top_frequencies":[{"count":11,"token":"the"},{"count":7,"token":"and"},{"count":5,"token":"of"},{"count":4,"token":"a"},{"count":3,"token":"ternary"},{"count":3,"token":"scheme"},{"count":3,"token":"is"},{"count":3,"token":"that"},{"count":3,"token":"on"},{"count":3,"token":"we"},{"count":3,"token":"to"},{"count":2,"token":"The"},{"count":2,"token":"signature"},{"count":2,"token":"Bliss"},{"count":2,"token":"by"},{"count":2,"token":"under"},{"count":2,"token":"both"},{"count":2,"token":"Software"},{"count":2,"token":"scheme,"},{"count":2,"token":"bound"},{"count":2,"token":"challenges."},{"count":1,"token":"Accelerating"},{"count":1,"token":"Bliss:"},{"count":1,"token":"geometry"},{"count":1,"token":"polynomials"},{"count":1,"token":"proposed"},{"count":1,"token":"Ducas,"},{"count":1,"token":"Durmus,"},{"count":1,"token":"Lepoint"},{"count":1,"token":"Lyubashevsky"},{"count":1,"token":"at"},{"count":1,"token":"Crypto\u201913,"},{"count":1,"token":"currently"},{"count":1,"token":"most"},{"count":1,"token":"compact"},{"count":1,"token":"efficient"},{"count":1,"token":"lattice-based"},{"count":1,"token":"provably"},{"count":1,"token":"secure"},{"count":1,"token":"lattice"},{"count":1,"token":"assumptions."},{"count":1,"token":"It"},{"count":1,"token":"does"},{"count":1,"token":"compare"},{"count":1,"token":"favourably"},{"count":1,"token":"with"},{"count":1,"token":"standardized"},{"count":1,"token":"schemes"},{"count":1,"token":"RSA"},{"count":1,"token":"ECDSA"},{"count":1,"token":"Hardware."},{"count":1,"token":"In"},{"count":1,"token":"this"},{"count":1,"token":"work,"},{"count":1,"token":"introduce"},{"count":1,"token":"new"},{"count":1,"token":"technique"},{"count":1,"token":"improves"},{"count":1,"token":"above"},{"count":1,"token":"offering"},{"count":1,"token":"an"},{"count":1,"token":"acceleration"},{"count":1,"token":"factor"},{"count":1,"token":"up"},{"count":1,"token":"2.8,"},{"count":1,"token":"depending"},{"count":1,"token":"set"},{"count":1,"token":"parameters."},{"count":1,"token":"Namely,"},{"count":1,"token":"improve"},{"count":1,"token":"unnatural"},{"count":1,"token":"geometric"},{"count":1,"token":"used"},{"count":1,"token":"in"},{"count":1,"token":"tighter"},{"count":1,"token":"much"},{"count":1,"token":"more"},{"count":1,"token":"natural"},{"count":1,"token":"using"},{"count":1,"token":"some"},{"count":1,"token":"extra"},{"count":1,"token":"degree"},{"count":1,"token":"freedom:"},{"count":1,"token":"representations"},{"count":1,"token":"binary"},{"count":1,"token":"Precisely,"},{"count":1,"token":"efficiently"},{"count":1,"token":"choose"},{"count":1,"token":"representation"},{"count":1,"token":"makes"},{"count":1,"token":"result"},{"count":1,"token":"deterministically"},{"count":1,"token":"shorter"},{"count":1,"token":"than"},{"count":1,"token":"expected"},{"count":1,"token":"length"},{"count":1,"token":"for"},{"count":1,"token":"random"},{"count":1,"token":"Our"},{"count":1,"token":"modified"}],"year":2014},"source":"s2","version":"v3-fos"}
| 223 |
dclm-414202689
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Intuit CIO: Changing The Way Projects Are Managed
Intuit's IAC project has brought data together from all over the company. The insight provided is changing the way the company sees its products and customers.
How Contextual Awareness Is Redefining Business Intelligence
How Contextual Awareness Is Redefining Business Intelligence
(Click image for larger view and slideshow.)
InformationWeek is spotlighting the companies whose innovative solutions to technology and business challenges earned them a place on our 2015 Elite 100. For more on the program, and to see profiles of the Top 10 Elite 100 finalists, click here. If you're interested in nominating your company for consideration in the 2016 Elite 100, click here.
It's not every day that an IT project has internal business units jostling to use it. But that's exactly the situation Intuit IT had on its hands after the launch of the Intuit Analytics Cloud (IAC).
Gathering and storing data wasn't a problem for Intuit, which offers financial software and tools such as TurboTax, QuickBooks, Quicken, and The challenge was deriving useful insight from all its data. That's why Intuit launched IAC: to turn lakes of data into pools of information.
In an interview with InformationWeek, Atticus Tysen, Intuit SVP and CIO, said that the IAC project marked two substantial changes in the way projects are conducted at Intuit. First, IAC wasn't defined by a specific use-case. It was, instead, defined by the holistic approach of building a platform, and then allowing business units to figure out how to use it. Second, IAC marked a shift from the traditional database. "It's the first time we were looking at data in a less structured way, looking at a data pile or data lake," Tysen said.
The project required cooperation across the company because it incorporated all of Intuit's enterprise data, its product data, and third-party data, into a single platform.
[Those were the days, my friends. Read 11 Things Computer Users Will Never Experience Again.]
According to Bill Loconzolo, vice president of Data Engineering, prior to the IAC project, Intuit had a number of data teams, a bunch of data silos, and a lot of very positive outcomes generated either within the enterprise or within the infrastructures for the individual products. Despite those positive outcomes, said Loconzolo in an interview with InformationWeek, "We never did it consistently at scale for the organization. We wanted a more holistic approach. That was really the charter when we started."
Tysen noted that the IAC project was special for the organization from the beginning. "We wanted to [use] this data so we could provide better experiences for our customers, and also provide it to the customers so they can have better experiences from the data and better insight about themselves," he said. "One of the phrases we used internally was that we wanted to 'deliver big data to the little guy.' Not only is this data lake serving our needs, it's serving the customer needs."
Loconzolo said that the team decided to focus on product-centric data at the start of the new project because it's easier to control, a helpful trait when undertaking complex development efforts.
Getting It Built
Infrastructure brought Loconzolo and Tysen together in the project. A number of functional teams within Loconzolo's group were moved to the production side -- which was Tysen's -- where they remain. Once the transfers had occurred, the real work of development could begin.
Bill Loconzolo, Vice President, Data Engineering, at Intuit
One of the key steps was defining the project in easy-to-handle pieces. "The challenge in any large architecture, any large project, is just having those bite-sized pieces where you can deliver demonstrable outcomes as you're on the journey. This is multi-year, and 'big bang' projects really don't fly much anymore," Loconzolo said. He pointed out that the need for smaller outcomes wasn't solely generated by the needs of his teams. Executives authorizing the expenditures were looking for those regular wins as well.
Deadlines and project numbers helped drive the team. "We had some thin slices, or some use-cases, to draw on where we could start to deliver some insights from the effort," Loconzolo said. "It started within a services architecture that was put on top of this data lake that we have."
Success and Futures
The success of the smaller project "bites" meant Loconzolo didn't have to go around the company convincing business unit leaders to take part in the project. He described the process as moving from a model, in which IT is pushing the project out to the business unit, to one in which the units are jostling to pull the project into their operations. "We're now having to choose which of the business units we can deliver the benefits for, and within what time frame." Loconzolo said.
(Image: Intuit)
Loconzolo said that there are a couple of areas where there is still work to be done. Both revolve around data. The first, he said, is on the input side. "We have more requests than we can serve to get data into the platform, where people can leverage some of the capabilities. It's like a data hamster wheel. How do we actually self-serve and not hold the organization back?"
The second area where there is still progress to be made is providing access to the data, Loconzolo said. "Some of the complications of that are standardizing and normalizing data that's been in Intuit for a while, making that very accurate, and also giving access to the right individuals at the right time with the right controls," he said. "We haven't democratized the data, and that's something we want to do."
IAC has turned the significant corner that new projects can face. "We're past the point of anyone wondering why they should contribute their data to the IAC," Tysen said. "We now have every executive team in the company using real-time dashboards, so we're getting better data-driven decisions, data-driven product development, [and] data-driven experiences."
**Elite 100 2016: DEADLINE EXTENDED TO JAN. 18, 2016** There's still time to be a part of the prestigious InformationWeek Elite 100! Submit your company's application by Jan. 18, 2016. You'll find instructions and a submission form here: InformationWeek's Elite 100 2016.
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| 1,416 |
pes2o-11183944
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An investigation into the factors affecting patient selection of chronic low back management methods, with particular reference to non-utilization of the complimentary therapies, in the United Kingdom.
Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is an increasingly common, persistent and costly problem. There is evidence to suggest that some sufferers benefit more from methods still considered 'complimentary' in the UK, than from the conventional management methods, which continue to be offered as standard care under the British National Health System (NHS). Despite this evidence, relatively few CLBP sufferers in the UK utilize these 'complimentary' therapies. This investigation set out to evaluate what factors affect utilization and asks why people do not use complimentary therapies (CTs) for CLBP, as this has not been asked before. One hundred and fifty subjects completed self-reporting questionnaires, which asked about knowledge, health care beliefs and other possible influencing factors. The three groups comprised 50 CLBP sufferers using both private and National Health Service (NHS) funded outpatient conventional management methods, 50 CLBP sufferers using private CT management methods, and 50 'healthy' non-user subjects. Sixty-four per cent of conventional patients had not used CTs. The most significant barriers to the utilization of CTs appeared to be lack of knowledge and lower socio-economic group (SEG). Gender may affect selection.
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pes2o
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{"added":"2018-04-03T04:38:52.355Z","created":"2002-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","id":"21294433","metadata":{"abstract":"Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is an increasingly common, persistent and costly problem. There is evidence to suggest that some sufferers benefit more from methods still considered 'complimentary' in the UK, than from the conventional management methods, which continue to be offered as standard care under the British National Health System (NHS). Despite this evidence, relatively few CLBP sufferers in the UK utilize these 'complimentary' therapies. This investigation set out to evaluate what factors affect utilization and asks why people do not use complimentary therapies (CTs) for CLBP, as this has not been asked before. One hundred and fifty subjects completed self-reporting questionnaires, which asked about knowledge, health care beliefs and other possible influencing factors. The three groups comprised 50 CLBP sufferers using both private and National Health Service (NHS) funded outpatient conventional management methods, 50 CLBP sufferers using private CT management methods, and 50 'healthy' non-user subjects. Sixty-four per cent of conventional patients had not used CTs. The most significant barriers to the utilization of CTs appeared to be lack of knowledge and lower socio-economic group (SEG). Gender may affect selection.","abstract_count":182,"abstract_language":"en","abstract_perplexity":-15.394656380755816,"extfieldsofstudy":["Medicine"],"provenance":"pes2o_v2-0002.json.gz:3444743","s2fieldsofstudy":["Medicine","Political Science"],"sha1":"e35d482d390ea0170605c00fe8da50233297062c","sources":["Unpaywall","Medline","MAG"],"title":"An investigation into the factors affecting patient selection of chronic low back management methods, with particular reference to non-utilization of the complimentary therapies, in the United Kingdom.","title_count":27,"title_language":"en","title_perplexity":-13.30678998432963,"top_frequencies":[{"count":8,"token":"the"},{"count":7,"token":"and"},{"count":6,"token":"to"},{"count":5,"token":"of"},{"count":4,"token":"management"},{"count":4,"token":"methods,"},{"count":4,"token":"sufferers"},{"count":3,"token":"in"},{"count":3,"token":"conventional"},{"count":3,"token":"CLBP"},{"count":3,"token":"not"},{"count":3,"token":"50"},{"count":2,"token":"investigation"},{"count":2,"token":"factors"},{"count":2,"token":"low"},{"count":2,"token":"back"},{"count":2,"token":"complimentary"},{"count":2,"token":"is"},{"count":2,"token":"from"},{"count":2,"token":"'complimentary'"},{"count":2,"token":"which"},{"count":2,"token":"be"},{"count":2,"token":"as"},{"count":2,"token":"care"},{"count":2,"token":"National"},{"count":2,"token":"Health"},{"count":2,"token":"this"},{"count":2,"token":"affect"},{"count":2,"token":"utilization"},{"count":2,"token":"asked"},{"count":2,"token":"The"},{"count":2,"token":"using"},{"count":2,"token":"private"},{"count":1,"token":"An"},{"count":1,"token":"into"},{"count":1,"token":"affecting"},{"count":1,"token":"patient"},{"count":1,"token":"selection"},{"count":1,"token":"chronic"},{"count":1,"token":"with"},{"count":1,"token":"particular"},{"count":1,"token":"reference"},{"count":1,"token":"non-utilization"},{"count":1,"token":"therapies,"},{"count":1,"token":"United"},{"count":1,"token":"Kingdom."},{"count":1,"token":"Chronic"},{"count":1,"token":"pain"},{"count":1,"token":"(CLBP)"},{"count":1,"token":"an"},{"count":1,"token":"increasingly"},{"count":1,"token":"common,"},{"count":1,"token":"persistent"},{"count":1,"token":"costly"},{"count":1,"token":"problem."},{"count":1,"token":"There"},{"count":1,"token":"evidence"},{"count":1,"token":"suggest"},{"count":1,"token":"that"},{"count":1,"token":"some"},{"count":1,"token":"benefit"},{"count":1,"token":"more"},{"count":1,"token":"methods"},{"count":1,"token":"still"},{"count":1,"token":"considered"},{"count":1,"token":"UK,"},{"count":1,"token":"than"},{"count":1,"token":"continue"},{"count":1,"token":"offered"},{"count":1,"token":"standard"},{"count":1,"token":"under"},{"count":1,"token":"British"},{"count":1,"token":"System"},{"count":1,"token":"(NHS)."},{"count":1,"token":"Despite"},{"count":1,"token":"evidence,"},{"count":1,"token":"relatively"},{"count":1,"token":"few"},{"count":1,"token":"UK"},{"count":1,"token":"utilize"},{"count":1,"token":"these"},{"count":1,"token":"therapies."},{"count":1,"token":"This"},{"count":1,"token":"set"},{"count":1,"token":"out"},{"count":1,"token":"evaluate"},{"count":1,"token":"what"},{"count":1,"token":"asks"},{"count":1,"token":"why"},{"count":1,"token":"people"},{"count":1,"token":"do"},{"count":1,"token":"use"},{"count":1,"token":"therapies"},{"count":1,"token":"(CTs)"},{"count":1,"token":"for"},{"count":1,"token":"CLBP,"},{"count":1,"token":"has"},{"count":1,"token":"been"},{"count":1,"token":"before."},{"count":1,"token":"One"}],"year":2002},"source":"s2","version":"v3-fos"}
| 281 |
pes2o-21800875
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John Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath As a Naturalistic Novel
John Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath(1939) exposes the desperate conditions that surrounded the migratory farm families in America during the year of the Great Depression from the Naturalistic point of view. It combines his adoration of the land and his simple hatred of the corruption resulting from Materialism and his faith in common to overcome his hostile environment. It attempts to present the problem of the workers of the lower classes, and exposes the unusual family, conditions under which the Joads, the migratory farm family, was forced to live during these years. The progress the government intended to spread on the Oklahoma fields and ranches sheltered families a part and reduced the migrants to beggars suffering from deprivation and hunger. His California novels attack the counterfeited image of paradise that people held when they set their migration to California.
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pes2o
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{"added":"2021-10-26T16:53:17.864Z","created":"2018-11-10T00:00:00.000Z","id":"239842677","metadata":{"abstract":"\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 John Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath(1939) exposes the desperate conditions that surrounded the migratory farm families in America during the year of the Great Depression from the Naturalistic point of view. It combines his adoration of the land and his simple hatred of the corruption resulting from Materialism and his faith in common to overcome his hostile environment. It attempts to present the problem of the workers of the lower classes, and exposes the unusual family, conditions under which the Joads, the migratory farm family, was forced to live during these years. The progress the government intended to spread on the Oklahoma fields and ranches sheltered families a part and reduced the migrants to beggars suffering from deprivation and hunger. His California novels attack the counterfeited image of paradise that people held when they set their migration to California.","abstract_count":139,"abstract_language":"en","abstract_perplexity":-12.680882938073902,"extfieldsofstudy":[],"provenance":"pes2o_v2-0005.json.gz:2438140","s2fieldsofstudy":["Art"],"sha1":"350f38554fba8195b18d2f8a18715c72e884505a","sources":["Crossref"],"title":"John Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath As a Naturalistic Novel","title_count":10,"title_language":"en","title_perplexity":-14.259064204256774,"top_frequencies":[{"count":17,"token":"the"},{"count":9,"token":"of"},{"count":6,"token":"and"},{"count":6,"token":"to"},{"count":4,"token":"his"},{"count":3,"token":"The"},{"count":3,"token":"from"},{"count":2,"token":"John"},{"count":2,"token":"Steinbeck's"},{"count":2,"token":"Grapes"},{"count":2,"token":"a"},{"count":2,"token":"Naturalistic"},{"count":2,"token":"exposes"},{"count":2,"token":"conditions"},{"count":2,"token":"that"},{"count":2,"token":"migratory"},{"count":2,"token":"farm"},{"count":2,"token":"families"},{"count":2,"token":"in"},{"count":2,"token":"during"},{"count":2,"token":"It"},{"count":2,"token":"family,"},{"count":1,"token":"Wrath"},{"count":1,"token":"As"},{"count":1,"token":"Novel"},{"count":1,"token":"Wrath(1939)"},{"count":1,"token":"desperate"},{"count":1,"token":"surrounded"},{"count":1,"token":"America"},{"count":1,"token":"year"},{"count":1,"token":"Great"},{"count":1,"token":"Depression"},{"count":1,"token":"point"},{"count":1,"token":"view."},{"count":1,"token":"combines"},{"count":1,"token":"adoration"},{"count":1,"token":"land"},{"count":1,"token":"simple"},{"count":1,"token":"hatred"},{"count":1,"token":"corruption"},{"count":1,"token":"resulting"},{"count":1,"token":"Materialism"},{"count":1,"token":"faith"},{"count":1,"token":"common"},{"count":1,"token":"overcome"},{"count":1,"token":"hostile"},{"count":1,"token":"environment."},{"count":1,"token":"attempts"},{"count":1,"token":"present"},{"count":1,"token":"problem"},{"count":1,"token":"workers"},{"count":1,"token":"lower"},{"count":1,"token":"classes,"},{"count":1,"token":"unusual"},{"count":1,"token":"under"},{"count":1,"token":"which"},{"count":1,"token":"Joads,"},{"count":1,"token":"was"},{"count":1,"token":"forced"},{"count":1,"token":"live"},{"count":1,"token":"these"},{"count":1,"token":"years."},{"count":1,"token":"progress"},{"count":1,"token":"government"},{"count":1,"token":"intended"},{"count":1,"token":"spread"},{"count":1,"token":"on"},{"count":1,"token":"Oklahoma"},{"count":1,"token":"fields"},{"count":1,"token":"ranches"},{"count":1,"token":"sheltered"},{"count":1,"token":"part"},{"count":1,"token":"reduced"},{"count":1,"token":"migrants"},{"count":1,"token":"beggars"},{"count":1,"token":"suffering"},{"count":1,"token":"deprivation"},{"count":1,"token":"hunger."},{"count":1,"token":"His"},{"count":1,"token":"California"},{"count":1,"token":"novels"},{"count":1,"token":"attack"},{"count":1,"token":"counterfeited"},{"count":1,"token":"image"},{"count":1,"token":"paradise"},{"count":1,"token":"people"},{"count":1,"token":"held"},{"count":1,"token":"when"},{"count":1,"token":"they"},{"count":1,"token":"set"},{"count":1,"token":"their"},{"count":1,"token":"migration"},{"count":1,"token":"California."}],"year":2018},"source":"s2","version":"v3-fos"}
| 189 |
dclm-426915213
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What Add job title, key skills
Scroll for more!
How to become a Personal Assistant
Published: Friday 2nd October 2020
The role of a personal assistant involves the need to carry out various support tasks for senior individuals. This can include diary management, event planning and administrative tasks. PA jobs are varied and getting used to the diary and requirements of your line manager is key. So, here is our career guide on how to become a personal assistant, including details of the necessary skills and qualifications needed to secure a position.
What qualifications do I need to be a Personal Assistant?
PA jobs can be secured through various means. This includes apprenticeships, college courses, university degrees and progression through an organisation. GCSE’s and A Levels in relevant subjects such as English and Business Studies could help you to secure your apprenticeship or place on a university or college course. Furthermore, relevant courses such as a degree in business administration can help you to develop your expertise in IT programmes and data entry tasks. Of course, the qualifications will count for little unless you can showcase these effectively within your job application.
female personal assistant smiling on camera leaning on black and white folders
What skills do you need to become a Personal Assistant?
The role of a personal assistant requires a multitude of skills. Many of these are similar to those needed to become a success in administration positions. The admin side of the role will require you to be an expert in event planning and office management. To do this, you should possess strong organisational skills and the ability to prioritise your workload. This is to ensure that you meet all deadlines, particularly as you may receive short notice from the CEO or the director you are reporting into. In addition, other key skills revolve around finance, such as accounting, sourcing and budgeting.
What are the main duties?
Duties in this position can vary across different sectors. Furthermore, some senior individuals may expect you to carry out ad hoc tasks which will require proactivity. This might include developing new communication processes and liaising with new clients. The more general requirements of this type of position may include:
• Data management and filing
• Making travel arrangements including booking flights and trains
• Greeting visitors upon arrival
• Making appointments and updating calendars
• Handling incoming phone calls and email enquiries
• Producing briefing reports and presentations
business man commenting on files to personal assistant near office
Where to find personal assistant jobs near me?
Suitable positions can be found in a variety of sectors across the UK. Your job search is made easier by the fact that more and more companies and directors are seeking professional assistants. Moreover, major UK cities such as London, Glasgow and Birmingham naturally have more vacancies because of the amount of major businesses in those areas. Some of the businesses recruiting for personal assistants include Amazon, RMS and some county councils. Instead of searching for ‘personal assistant jobs near me’, you can find all suitable positions and career advice on Zoek.
How much do PAs earn?
The average annual salary has gone up by 14% year on year for PA roles. However, your salary can differ depending on the location, size of the organisation and the level of the person you are assisting. This means that your annual salary is likely to be in the region of £25,000 – £40,000. Some companies could even be hiring someone in this area for the first time. Therefore, you might stand a better chance of an increasing salary by negotiating a salary with your potential employers.
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| 747 |
dclm-415499375
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Petition Closed
Convert INS Viraat into a museum
This petition had 26,988 supporters
INS Viraat is the World's oldest serving warship. It was commissioned in 1959 and served the Royal Navy as HMS Hermes, before being acquired by India in 1987. Since then, it has served as the flagship aircraft carrier for the Indian Navy.
INS Viraat is being decommissioned on 6th March 2017. I want to help ensure that it does not end up being sold for scrap, like INS Vikrant was a few years ago.
Converting INS Viraat into a museum would allow all India citizens to see what life on board an aircraft carrier is like, something that very few people are normally able to experience. It can continue to serve as an inspiration for young men and women who aspire to join India's defense forces.
INS Viraat is also a perfect way to showcase our Navy's proud history.
In addition to this, India would be only the third country in the world to have such a museum - the others being the USA and the UK.
The annual costs for maintaining such an installation are a small, small fraction of India's defense budget, and I believe that the potential benefits far outweigh this cost.
We need to convince the Defense Ministry that the costs and short term gain that arise from selling the ship for scrap are just not comparable to the long-term benefits of maintaining her as a museum, something that can be enjoyed by generations to come.
Today: Dhiman is counting on you
Dhiman Manji needs your help with “Manohar Parrikar: Convert INS Viraat into a museum”. Join Dhiman and 26,987 supporters today.
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{"fasttext_score":0.5181766748428345,"id":"<urn:uuid:e30cc5da-1ac5-433a-aa80-28f63ae1a110>","language":"en","language_score":0.9757842421531677,"url":"https:\/\/www.change.org\/p\/manohar-parrikar-convert-ins-viraat-into-a-museum?recruiter=110341950&utm_source=share_petition&utm_medium=twitter&utm_campaign=share_twitter_responsive","nemo_id":"dclm-gs7-335873794"}
| 369 |
pes2o-28006697
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Geometrical Model for Massive MIMO Systems
Recently, massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems have attracted considerable research interest and have been regarded as a candidate technology for the 5th generation (5G) cellular networks. In massive MIMO systems, a base station (BS) is equipped with a large number of antennas which are serving several simultaneous single antenna users. An increasing number of antennas is difficult to be placed in a limited space, and the antenna space limitation causes a high spatial correlation between the antennas, further resulting in systems performance degradation. In this paper, we establish a 3-D geometrical channel model for massive MIMO systems. We focus on the massive MIMO antennas correlation and channel capacity. We consider the far-field effect using the plane wave (PW) and use the spherical wave (SW) to model the near-field effect. We derive average correlation for certain single antenna to describe the single antenna correlation degree in the whole massive MIMO system, and define average correlation for the whole system antennas to describe the whole antennas correlation degree.
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pes2o
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{"added":"2017-11-20T18:26:45.467Z","created":"2017-06-01T00:00:00.000Z","id":"33748999","metadata":{"abstract":"Recently, massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems have attracted considerable research interest and have been regarded as a candidate technology for the 5th generation (5G) cellular networks. In massive MIMO systems, a base station (BS) is equipped with a large number of antennas which are serving several simultaneous single antenna users. An increasing number of antennas is difficult to be placed in a limited space, and the antenna space limitation causes a high spatial correlation between the antennas, further resulting in systems performance degradation. In this paper, we establish a 3-D geometrical channel model for massive MIMO systems. We focus on the massive MIMO antennas correlation and channel capacity. We consider the far-field effect using the plane wave (PW) and use the spherical wave (SW) to model the near-field effect. We derive average correlation for certain single antenna to describe the single antenna correlation degree in the whole massive MIMO system, and define average correlation for the whole system antennas to describe the whole antennas correlation degree.","abstract_count":166,"abstract_language":"en","abstract_perplexity":-14.454571966504476,"extfieldsofstudy":["Computer Science"],"provenance":"pes2o_v2-0007.json.gz:900101","s2fieldsofstudy":["Business","Computer Science"],"sha1":"848e6b28bbb7057d6bc76c19318bddc57d93ed37","sources":["Unpaywall","ScienceParseMerged","DBLP","MAG","IEEE","Anansi"],"title":"Geometrical Model for Massive MIMO Systems","title_count":6,"title_language":"en","title_perplexity":-14.066070013431352,"top_frequencies":[{"count":12,"token":"the"},{"count":6,"token":"a"},{"count":6,"token":"correlation"},{"count":5,"token":"for"},{"count":5,"token":"MIMO"},{"count":5,"token":"massive"},{"count":5,"token":"and"},{"count":5,"token":"antennas"},{"count":4,"token":"antenna"},{"count":4,"token":"to"},{"count":3,"token":"single"},{"count":3,"token":"in"},{"count":3,"token":"We"},{"count":3,"token":"whole"},{"count":2,"token":"systems"},{"count":2,"token":"have"},{"count":2,"token":"In"},{"count":2,"token":"is"},{"count":2,"token":"number"},{"count":2,"token":"of"},{"count":2,"token":"channel"},{"count":2,"token":"model"},{"count":2,"token":"wave"},{"count":2,"token":"average"},{"count":2,"token":"describe"},{"count":1,"token":"Geometrical"},{"count":1,"token":"Model"},{"count":1,"token":"Massive"},{"count":1,"token":"Systems"},{"count":1,"token":"Recently,"},{"count":1,"token":"multiple-input"},{"count":1,"token":"multiple-output"},{"count":1,"token":"(MIMO)"},{"count":1,"token":"attracted"},{"count":1,"token":"considerable"},{"count":1,"token":"research"},{"count":1,"token":"interest"},{"count":1,"token":"been"},{"count":1,"token":"regarded"},{"count":1,"token":"as"},{"count":1,"token":"candidate"},{"count":1,"token":"technology"},{"count":1,"token":"5th"},{"count":1,"token":"generation"},{"count":1,"token":"(5G)"},{"count":1,"token":"cellular"},{"count":1,"token":"networks."},{"count":1,"token":"systems,"},{"count":1,"token":"base"},{"count":1,"token":"station"},{"count":1,"token":"(BS)"},{"count":1,"token":"equipped"},{"count":1,"token":"with"},{"count":1,"token":"large"},{"count":1,"token":"which"},{"count":1,"token":"are"},{"count":1,"token":"serving"},{"count":1,"token":"several"},{"count":1,"token":"simultaneous"},{"count":1,"token":"users."},{"count":1,"token":"An"},{"count":1,"token":"increasing"},{"count":1,"token":"difficult"},{"count":1,"token":"be"},{"count":1,"token":"placed"},{"count":1,"token":"limited"},{"count":1,"token":"space,"},{"count":1,"token":"space"},{"count":1,"token":"limitation"},{"count":1,"token":"causes"},{"count":1,"token":"high"},{"count":1,"token":"spatial"},{"count":1,"token":"between"},{"count":1,"token":"antennas,"},{"count":1,"token":"further"},{"count":1,"token":"resulting"},{"count":1,"token":"performance"},{"count":1,"token":"degradation."},{"count":1,"token":"this"},{"count":1,"token":"paper,"},{"count":1,"token":"we"},{"count":1,"token":"establish"},{"count":1,"token":"3-D"},{"count":1,"token":"geometrical"},{"count":1,"token":"systems."},{"count":1,"token":"focus"},{"count":1,"token":"on"},{"count":1,"token":"capacity."},{"count":1,"token":"consider"},{"count":1,"token":"far-field"},{"count":1,"token":"effect"},{"count":1,"token":"using"},{"count":1,"token":"plane"},{"count":1,"token":"(PW)"},{"count":1,"token":"use"},{"count":1,"token":"spherical"},{"count":1,"token":"(SW)"},{"count":1,"token":"near-field"},{"count":1,"token":"effect."},{"count":1,"token":"derive"}],"year":2017},"source":"s2","version":"v3-fos"}
| 218 |
dclm-425241059
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Thursday, October 11, 2012
Piece o' cake
Clockwise from upper right: Tea Towel, Studio Patro; Mixing spoon, Tovolo; Miette cookbook, Anthropologie; Cupcake silicone baker, Target; Savon de Marseille Extra Pur Rose handsoap, Anthropologie; Cake knives, Leif
I was recently introduced to Studio Patro and have fallen in love with their catchy tea towels, classic aprons, and simple tote bags. They are the type of aprons you would see on the waters in a small bistro, the towels of a lighthearted chef, and the bags of a seasoned farmers market shopper. This "Piece of Cake" towel was the first item to catch my eye for it's bright pop of pink and whimsical phrase. From there, I couldn't help but imagine a completely feminine kitchen, one that can produce homemade, yet perfectly frosted cakes. I'm sure investing in an all pink baking set would be a bit over the top, but mixing in a few of these pieces makes for a truly sweet baking environment. I think for now I'll start with the indulgent hand soap and and tea towel that started the pink inspiration, but after coming across the "Easy as Pie" towel partner, I may have to just give into a completely feminine look.
1. I looove the Marseille soap!!! I use the lavender one!
2. This is a beautiful collection of kitchen items! So delicate and feminine.
3. This comment has been removed by the author.
4. So pretty! I'm going to have to buy those tea towels for my mum!
5. So adorable!
6. I just think that cupcake baking tray is so cute! :-) Thanks for sharing these sweet accessories.
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{"fasttext_score":0.024586796760559082,"id":"<urn:uuid:de618973-9687-4019-9f91-6dcf4343d54e>","language":"en","language_score":0.9585773944854736,"url":"http:\/\/stayinthelines.blogspot.com\/2012\/10\/piece-o-cake.html","nemo_id":"dclm-gs7-012674782"}
| 387 |
dclm-411299705
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Return to the Purplemath home page The Purplemath Forums
Helping students gain understanding
and self-confidence in algebra
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Find a Mukilteo Math Tutor
Subject: Zip:
12 Subjects: including geometry, prealgebra, precalculus, trigonometry
Edmonds, WA
15 Subjects: including algebra 1, algebra 2, English, trigonometry
Bothell, WA
Amy S. ...Bachelor's degree in biochemistry with a minor in chemistry. Worked for an organic chemistry company and thus can provide real world applications for concepts covered in class and during tutoring sessions. Received a 5 on the AP Chemistry Exam in 2003 as a junior in high school.
17 Subjects: including geometry, statistics, probability, algebra 1
Bothell, WA
Misa W. ...Crazy right? I mean, who moves from Hawaii to eastern Washington? Well, I did, because despite how beautiful and easygoing life in the islands is, there just wasn't the right opportunities for me to pursue the higher education I wanted.
Bellevue, WA
Rebecca C. ...I played rec soccer for 13 years. In high school, I was a three-season athlete, being on the diving, gymnastics, and tennis teams. I competed at the varsity level in all three, and was the captain of the gymnastics team.
17 Subjects: including prealgebra, probability, anatomy, trigonometry
Seattle, WA
Feedback | Error?
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dclm
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{"fasttext_score":0.16793662309646606,"id":"<urn:uuid:a7483068-47d3-443d-b7bd-e3b201b454aa>","language":"en","language_score":0.9476431608200073,"url":"http:\/\/www.purplemath.com\/mukilteo_wa_math_tutors.php","nemo_id":"dclm-gs7-330113382"}
| 327 |
pes2o-14159797
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STUNTING PREVENTION BASED ON HEALTH PROMOTION MODEL FROM PERSPECTIVE PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Introduction: Stunting is one of the biggest nutritional problems in toddlers in Indonesia which is based on Nutrition Status Monitoring (PSG) data for the last three years. The factor that has a large influence on the incidence of stunting is the pattern of parental care when the child is at the age of 0-59 months. The aim of this study is to study stunting prevention from the perspective of the theory of the health promotion model Method: This study uses a literature review using PICOS framework. Articles were searched from 3 databases, namely PubMed, Sciencedirect, Proquest. The keywords used in the literature search were: 1) ((Stunting prevention) AND (pender's) OR (health promotion model), 2) Stunting prevention AND pender's OR health promotion model; 3) stunting prevention. The search is limited to publications in 2018-2022, free full text, in English, not Reviews. Then selected using the PRISMA diagram and obtained 14 articles. Quality assessment of 14 articles using JBI Critical Appraisal tools. Result: Seven articles stated that the determinant factor of stunting was the low education of parents (mothers) which resulted in poor parenting of children. Seven articles discussing the Health Promotion Model (HPM) theory can be used as a guide in providing education to improve health promotion. Conclusion: good parenting behavior can be improved by increasing the mother's knowledge by providing education using HPM theory as a basis
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pes2o
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{"added":"2022-09-20T07:01:49.189Z","created":"2022-09-19T00:00:00.000Z","id":"252367294","metadata":{"abstract":"Introduction: Stunting is one of the biggest nutritional problems in toddlers in Indonesia which is based on Nutrition Status Monitoring (PSG) data for the last three years. The factor that has a large influence on the incidence of stunting is the pattern of parental care when the child is at the age of 0-59 months. The aim of this study is to study stunting prevention from the perspective of the theory of the health promotion model Method: This study uses a literature review using PICOS framework. Articles were searched from 3 databases, namely PubMed, Sciencedirect, Proquest. The keywords used in the literature search were: 1) ((Stunting prevention) AND (pender's) OR (health promotion model), 2) Stunting prevention AND pender's OR health promotion model; 3) stunting prevention. The search is limited to publications in 2018-2022, free full text, in English, not Reviews. Then selected using the PRISMA diagram and obtained 14 articles. Quality assessment of 14 articles using JBI Critical Appraisal tools. Result: Seven articles stated that the determinant factor of stunting was the low education of parents (mothers) which resulted in poor parenting of children. Seven articles discussing the Health Promotion Model (HPM) theory can be used as a guide in providing education to improve health promotion. Conclusion: good parenting behavior can be improved by increasing the mother's knowledge by providing education using HPM theory as a basis","abstract_count":227,"abstract_language":"en","abstract_perplexity":-14.910643592854845,"extfieldsofstudy":["Medicine"],"provenance":"pes2o_v2-0003.json.gz:2544607","s2fieldsofstudy":["Medicine","Education"],"sha1":"4f574ed88672b6cf20c8f91897672cbcdfaf4f62","sources":["MedRxiv","Anansi","ScienceParsePlus","MergedPDFExtraction"],"title":"STUNTING PREVENTION BASED ON HEALTH PROMOTION MODEL FROM PERSPECTIVE PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE: A LITERATURE REVIEW","title_count":15,"title_language":"en","title_perplexity":-12.890057470204637,"top_frequencies":[{"count":15,"token":"the"},{"count":11,"token":"of"},{"count":7,"token":"in"},{"count":6,"token":"is"},{"count":4,"token":"The"},{"count":4,"token":"a"},{"count":4,"token":"stunting"},{"count":4,"token":"using"},{"count":3,"token":"study"},{"count":3,"token":"to"},{"count":3,"token":"theory"},{"count":3,"token":"health"},{"count":3,"token":"promotion"},{"count":3,"token":"articles"},{"count":3,"token":"education"},{"count":2,"token":"Stunting"},{"count":2,"token":"which"},{"count":2,"token":"on"},{"count":2,"token":"factor"},{"count":2,"token":"that"},{"count":2,"token":"prevention"},{"count":2,"token":"from"},{"count":2,"token":"literature"},{"count":2,"token":"used"},{"count":2,"token":"search"},{"count":2,"token":"AND"},{"count":2,"token":"OR"},{"count":2,"token":"14"},{"count":2,"token":"Seven"},{"count":2,"token":"parenting"},{"count":2,"token":"can"},{"count":2,"token":"be"},{"count":2,"token":"as"},{"count":2,"token":"providing"},{"count":2,"token":"by"},{"count":1,"token":"STUNTING"},{"count":1,"token":"PREVENTION"},{"count":1,"token":"BASED"},{"count":1,"token":"ON"},{"count":1,"token":"HEALTH"},{"count":1,"token":"PROMOTION"},{"count":1,"token":"MODEL"},{"count":1,"token":"FROM"},{"count":1,"token":"PERSPECTIVE"},{"count":1,"token":"PHILOSOPHY"},{"count":1,"token":"OF"},{"count":1,"token":"SCIENCE:"},{"count":1,"token":"A"},{"count":1,"token":"LITERATURE"},{"count":1,"token":"REVIEW"},{"count":1,"token":"Introduction:"},{"count":1,"token":"one"},{"count":1,"token":"biggest"},{"count":1,"token":"nutritional"},{"count":1,"token":"problems"},{"count":1,"token":"toddlers"},{"count":1,"token":"Indonesia"},{"count":1,"token":"based"},{"count":1,"token":"Nutrition"},{"count":1,"token":"Status"},{"count":1,"token":"Monitoring"},{"count":1,"token":"(PSG)"},{"count":1,"token":"data"},{"count":1,"token":"for"},{"count":1,"token":"last"},{"count":1,"token":"three"},{"count":1,"token":"years."},{"count":1,"token":"has"},{"count":1,"token":"large"},{"count":1,"token":"influence"},{"count":1,"token":"incidence"},{"count":1,"token":"pattern"},{"count":1,"token":"parental"},{"count":1,"token":"care"},{"count":1,"token":"when"},{"count":1,"token":"child"},{"count":1,"token":"at"},{"count":1,"token":"age"},{"count":1,"token":"0-59"},{"count":1,"token":"months."},{"count":1,"token":"aim"},{"count":1,"token":"this"},{"count":1,"token":"perspective"},{"count":1,"token":"model"},{"count":1,"token":"Method:"},{"count":1,"token":"This"},{"count":1,"token":"uses"},{"count":1,"token":"review"},{"count":1,"token":"PICOS"},{"count":1,"token":"framework."},{"count":1,"token":"Articles"},{"count":1,"token":"were"},{"count":1,"token":"searched"},{"count":1,"token":"3"},{"count":1,"token":"databases,"},{"count":1,"token":"namely"},{"count":1,"token":"PubMed,"},{"count":1,"token":"Sciencedirect,"},{"count":1,"token":"Proquest."},{"count":1,"token":"keywords"}],"year":2022},"source":"s2","version":"v3-fos"}
| 335 |
pes2o-8136594
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A virtual decomposition control based communication network for modular robots applications
Modular (re-configurable) robots have been studied and developed over two decades. Compared to common industrial robot manipulators, modular robots usually end up showing relatively poorer control performance. This is mainly because most of modular robots' designs typically concentrate on mechatronic interfaces, packaging and re-configurable features, leaving little space for dynamics and control considerations. In our current research frame, we are looking at "virtual decomposition control" (VDC) to significantly improve modular robots dynamics and control performance. A key element to successful implementation of the related algorithms has to do with the inter-modules communication link capabilities. Presented here is the first 2 DOF prototype built to demonstrate the feasibility of implementing VDC on a real system, including the Spacewire Bus based communication protocol used.
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pes2o
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{"added":"2017-02-11T10:17:33.269Z","created":"2007-09-24T00:00:00.000Z","id":"7512202","metadata":{"abstract":"Modular (re-configurable) robots have been studied and developed over two decades. Compared to common industrial robot manipulators, modular robots usually end up showing relatively poorer control performance. This is mainly because most of modular robots' designs typically concentrate on mechatronic interfaces, packaging and re-configurable features, leaving little space for dynamics and control considerations. In our current research frame, we are looking at \"virtual decomposition control\" (VDC) to significantly improve modular robots dynamics and control performance. A key element to successful implementation of the related algorithms has to do with the inter-modules communication link capabilities. Presented here is the first 2 DOF prototype built to demonstrate the feasibility of implementing VDC on a real system, including the Spacewire Bus based communication protocol used.","abstract_count":122,"abstract_language":"en","abstract_perplexity":-14.741898763077865,"extfieldsofstudy":["Computer Science"],"provenance":"pes2o_v2-0002.json.gz:397393","s2fieldsofstudy":["Computer Science"],"sha1":"a68d5273f22f4c9c071d9812032cb4f9f01c982c","sources":["DBLP","Grobid","MAG","IEEE","ScienceParseMerged","Unpaywall"],"title":"A virtual decomposition control based communication network for modular robots applications","title_count":11,"title_language":"en","title_perplexity":-12.431805975297689,"top_frequencies":[{"count":5,"token":"to"},{"count":5,"token":"the"},{"count":4,"token":"control"},{"count":4,"token":"modular"},{"count":4,"token":"robots"},{"count":4,"token":"and"},{"count":3,"token":"communication"},{"count":3,"token":"of"},{"count":2,"token":"A"},{"count":2,"token":"decomposition"},{"count":2,"token":"based"},{"count":2,"token":"for"},{"count":2,"token":"performance."},{"count":2,"token":"is"},{"count":2,"token":"on"},{"count":2,"token":"dynamics"},{"count":1,"token":"virtual"},{"count":1,"token":"network"},{"count":1,"token":"applications"},{"count":1,"token":"Modular"},{"count":1,"token":"(re-configurable)"},{"count":1,"token":"have"},{"count":1,"token":"been"},{"count":1,"token":"studied"},{"count":1,"token":"developed"},{"count":1,"token":"over"},{"count":1,"token":"two"},{"count":1,"token":"decades."},{"count":1,"token":"Compared"},{"count":1,"token":"common"},{"count":1,"token":"industrial"},{"count":1,"token":"robot"},{"count":1,"token":"manipulators,"},{"count":1,"token":"usually"},{"count":1,"token":"end"},{"count":1,"token":"up"},{"count":1,"token":"showing"},{"count":1,"token":"relatively"},{"count":1,"token":"poorer"},{"count":1,"token":"This"},{"count":1,"token":"mainly"},{"count":1,"token":"because"},{"count":1,"token":"most"},{"count":1,"token":"robots'"},{"count":1,"token":"designs"},{"count":1,"token":"typically"},{"count":1,"token":"concentrate"},{"count":1,"token":"mechatronic"},{"count":1,"token":"interfaces,"},{"count":1,"token":"packaging"},{"count":1,"token":"re-configurable"},{"count":1,"token":"features,"},{"count":1,"token":"leaving"},{"count":1,"token":"little"},{"count":1,"token":"space"},{"count":1,"token":"considerations."},{"count":1,"token":"In"},{"count":1,"token":"our"},{"count":1,"token":"current"},{"count":1,"token":"research"},{"count":1,"token":"frame,"},{"count":1,"token":"we"},{"count":1,"token":"are"},{"count":1,"token":"looking"},{"count":1,"token":"at"},{"count":1,"token":"\"virtual"},{"count":1,"token":"control\""},{"count":1,"token":"(VDC)"},{"count":1,"token":"significantly"},{"count":1,"token":"improve"},{"count":1,"token":"key"},{"count":1,"token":"element"},{"count":1,"token":"successful"},{"count":1,"token":"implementation"},{"count":1,"token":"related"},{"count":1,"token":"algorithms"},{"count":1,"token":"has"},{"count":1,"token":"do"},{"count":1,"token":"with"},{"count":1,"token":"inter-modules"},{"count":1,"token":"link"},{"count":1,"token":"capabilities."},{"count":1,"token":"Presented"},{"count":1,"token":"here"},{"count":1,"token":"first"},{"count":1,"token":"2"},{"count":1,"token":"DOF"},{"count":1,"token":"prototype"},{"count":1,"token":"built"},{"count":1,"token":"demonstrate"},{"count":1,"token":"feasibility"},{"count":1,"token":"implementing"},{"count":1,"token":"VDC"},{"count":1,"token":"a"},{"count":1,"token":"real"},{"count":1,"token":"system,"},{"count":1,"token":"including"},{"count":1,"token":"Spacewire"},{"count":1,"token":"Bus"},{"count":1,"token":"protocol"}],"year":2007},"source":"s2","version":"v3-fos"}
| 170 |
flan-22254235
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Translate to French:
The employee works in Ontario and does not amend the assigned work week when a designated holiday occurs. L'employé travaille en Ontario et ne modifie pas sa semaine désignée de travail lorsque survient un jour férié désigné.
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flan
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{"attributes":{"dedupe_ngrams_8_1_all_train":[[22.0,248.0,0.0]],"paloma_paragraphs":[]},"id":"d2aafbae3e501ad4256a99e1ab0edb72","metadata":{"_replicate":0,"_task_name":"wmt14_translate\/fr-en:1.0.0","_task_source":"Flan2021","_template_idx":4,"_template_type":"zs_noopt","provenance":"60M-shots_all-upweight_1-dialog_false-sep_rulebased-train-0128.json.gz:36895"},"source":"flan_v2"}
| 61 |
pes2o-4304325
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Quantitative phase imaging system with slightly-off-axis configuration and suitable for objects both larger and smaller than the size of the image sensor.
We propose a quantitative phase imaging system with exact slightly-off-axis configuration and suitable for objects both smaller and larger than the size of the effective recording region of the image sensors. In this system, the object is illuminated by a convergent spherical beam and a specially designed aperture filter is placed on the spatial frequency plane of the object wave; at the same time, a point source emitting from the edge of the aperture is taken as the reference beam, so that the optimal frequency condition for reconstruction of slightly-off-axis digital holograms can be always guaranteed for both large and small objects as well as different magnification (or the field of view) configurations. At the same time, a 1x2 single-mode optical fiber splitter is used for generating the reference and the illumination beams. Benefited from such fiber-based slightly-off-axis design, the proposed system provides a low-cost way to convert a regular microscope into a slightly-off-axis holographic one for microbiological specimens with a high spatial resolution.
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pes2o
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{"added":"2018-08-19T21:18:34.501Z","created":"2018-06-19T00:00:00.000Z","id":"52032971","metadata":{"abstract":"We propose a quantitative phase imaging system with exact slightly-off-axis configuration and suitable for objects both smaller and larger than the size of the effective recording region of the image sensors. In this system, the object is illuminated by a convergent spherical beam and a specially designed aperture filter is placed on the spatial frequency plane of the object wave; at the same time, a point source emitting from the edge of the aperture is taken as the reference beam, so that the optimal frequency condition for reconstruction of slightly-off-axis digital holograms can be always guaranteed for both large and small objects as well as different magnification (or the field of view) configurations. At the same time, a 1x2 single-mode optical fiber splitter is used for generating the reference and the illumination beams. Benefited from such fiber-based slightly-off-axis design, the proposed system provides a low-cost way to convert a regular microscope into a slightly-off-axis holographic one for microbiological specimens with a high spatial resolution.","abstract_count":164,"abstract_language":"en","abstract_perplexity":-13.30922781039952,"extfieldsofstudy":["Physics","Medicine"],"provenance":"pes2o_v2-0001.json.gz:441794","s2fieldsofstudy":["Physics"],"sha1":"d8dcb6da621040231e3e456007ade9fffdbfd677","sources":["Crossref","MAG","ScienceParseMerged","Medline","Unpaywall"],"title":"Quantitative phase imaging system with slightly-off-axis configuration and suitable for objects both larger and smaller than the size of the image sensor.","title_count":22,"title_language":"en","title_perplexity":-13.214406916695795,"top_frequencies":[{"count":18,"token":"the"},{"count":9,"token":"a"},{"count":7,"token":"and"},{"count":7,"token":"of"},{"count":6,"token":"for"},{"count":5,"token":"slightly-off-axis"},{"count":4,"token":"is"},{"count":3,"token":"system"},{"count":3,"token":"with"},{"count":3,"token":"objects"},{"count":3,"token":"both"},{"count":3,"token":"as"},{"count":2,"token":"phase"},{"count":2,"token":"imaging"},{"count":2,"token":"configuration"},{"count":2,"token":"suitable"},{"count":2,"token":"larger"},{"count":2,"token":"smaller"},{"count":2,"token":"than"},{"count":2,"token":"size"},{"count":2,"token":"image"},{"count":2,"token":"object"},{"count":2,"token":"aperture"},{"count":2,"token":"spatial"},{"count":2,"token":"frequency"},{"count":2,"token":"same"},{"count":2,"token":"time,"},{"count":2,"token":"from"},{"count":2,"token":"reference"},{"count":1,"token":"Quantitative"},{"count":1,"token":"sensor."},{"count":1,"token":"We"},{"count":1,"token":"propose"},{"count":1,"token":"quantitative"},{"count":1,"token":"exact"},{"count":1,"token":"effective"},{"count":1,"token":"recording"},{"count":1,"token":"region"},{"count":1,"token":"sensors."},{"count":1,"token":"In"},{"count":1,"token":"this"},{"count":1,"token":"system,"},{"count":1,"token":"illuminated"},{"count":1,"token":"by"},{"count":1,"token":"convergent"},{"count":1,"token":"spherical"},{"count":1,"token":"beam"},{"count":1,"token":"specially"},{"count":1,"token":"designed"},{"count":1,"token":"filter"},{"count":1,"token":"placed"},{"count":1,"token":"on"},{"count":1,"token":"plane"},{"count":1,"token":"wave;"},{"count":1,"token":"at"},{"count":1,"token":"point"},{"count":1,"token":"source"},{"count":1,"token":"emitting"},{"count":1,"token":"edge"},{"count":1,"token":"taken"},{"count":1,"token":"beam,"},{"count":1,"token":"so"},{"count":1,"token":"that"},{"count":1,"token":"optimal"},{"count":1,"token":"condition"},{"count":1,"token":"reconstruction"},{"count":1,"token":"digital"},{"count":1,"token":"holograms"},{"count":1,"token":"can"},{"count":1,"token":"be"},{"count":1,"token":"always"},{"count":1,"token":"guaranteed"},{"count":1,"token":"large"},{"count":1,"token":"small"},{"count":1,"token":"well"},{"count":1,"token":"different"},{"count":1,"token":"magnification"},{"count":1,"token":"(or"},{"count":1,"token":"field"},{"count":1,"token":"view)"},{"count":1,"token":"configurations."},{"count":1,"token":"At"},{"count":1,"token":"1x2"},{"count":1,"token":"single-mode"},{"count":1,"token":"optical"},{"count":1,"token":"fiber"},{"count":1,"token":"splitter"},{"count":1,"token":"used"},{"count":1,"token":"generating"},{"count":1,"token":"illumination"},{"count":1,"token":"beams."},{"count":1,"token":"Benefited"},{"count":1,"token":"such"},{"count":1,"token":"fiber-based"},{"count":1,"token":"design,"},{"count":1,"token":"proposed"},{"count":1,"token":"provides"},{"count":1,"token":"low-cost"},{"count":1,"token":"way"},{"count":1,"token":"to"}],"year":2018},"source":"s2","version":"v3-fos"}
| 234 |
flan-22627158
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Ce dernier permet au MDN et aux FC de prouver leur détermination à sauver des vies en faisant la promotion des dons de sang au sein de l’organisation et auprès des membres de la famille et des amis de ses employés et des militaires.
Translate to English
This program allows DND/CF to demonstrate its commitment to saving lives by promoting blood donation within the organization and amongst the family and friends of its employees/members.
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flan
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{"attributes":{"dedupe_ngrams_8_1_all_train":[[0.0,233.0,0.0],[255.0,441.0,0.0]],"paloma_paragraphs":[]},"id":"036b1d9378247ed28f706d9b273faab5","metadata":{"_replicate":0,"_task_name":"wmt14_translate\/fr-en:1.0.0","_task_source":"Flan2021","_template_idx":1,"_template_type":"zs_noopt","provenance":"60M-shots_all-upweight_1-dialog_false-sep_rulebased-train-0128.json.gz:410302"},"source":"flan_v2"}
| 105 |
dclm-417505806
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Chingiz Guseynov on Akram Aylisli's novel
Chingiz Guseynov on Akram Aylisli's novel
Author: Petr Lyukimson, Israel, exclusively to VK
Chingiz Guseynov is a well-known writer in Russia. His novel are a natural part of the world literature. Almost very new book by Chingiz Guseynov raises vehement arguments and loud public response. His works are praised as well as bitterly criticized, but that's what makes him so special. He has always been a nonconformist, he has always wrote and said what he thought and paid no attention to what people thought of him.
Now Guseynov is in Israel and he agreed to talk to VK. The interview was expected to be devoted to literature, but it was impossimble to avoid such issues as religion, politics and the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. VK was also interested in Guseynov's attitude to Akram Aylisli novel "Rock Dreams".
- Before I ask you about your opinion about Akram Aylisli's novel "Rock Dreams" and the scandal is caused I had to ask you about your attitude to the Azerbaijani-Armenian conflict in general.
- I have a novel named "Doctor N", in which the background of this conflict is depicted. There are two Ns in this novel. One is Mamed-Emin Rasul-zade, the second one is Nariman Narimanov. Both symbolize two possible ways of Azerbaijan's development - the Soviet way, which lead to a collapse, and the way of national independence, which at those times was not realised. Both these ways had some advantages and none of them should be condemned. But the intrigue is that these two men were friends and once were a part of one and the same movement. There is a phrase in this novel that both remember how they were slaughtered, but do not remember the massacres they were responsible for. I believe this phrase is the most eloquent description of the Azerbaijani-Armenian conflict. If read what Azerbaijanis write on varous web forums about Armenians, you will be astonished, but if you read what Armenians writes about Azerbaijanis, you will be astonished even more. It's a vcious circle of hatred. Speaking about the military conflict itself, I have to say that both parties acted savagely. Only Armenians tried to hide their atrocities, tried to look clean. And the international community believed them.
- I understand what you are talking about, but still there should be someone responsible for the beginning of the conflict, someone caused all this bloodshed in the first place.
- The only way to avoid territorial conflicts is to accept the current state of affairs. The first attempts to change the borders were undertaken during the Nikita Khrushchev age. He himself said that such attempts would lead to the breakup of the state. In fact the Nagorno-Karabakh conclict did lead to the collapse of the Soviet Union. From this point of view Azerbaijan was not responbsible for the beginning of the war. At first Azerbaijanis were forces to leave Armenia and then Karabakh. Many people were forced to leave their homes. of course this led to violence, for which the world now blame Azerbaijan. The Armenian authorties managed to explain there position in a better way, while our officials were confused. Armenians on the other hand were raised with belief in their national idea, they detested everything Turkish and called us Turks. Moreover, the Armenian diaspora around the globe is very influential. That is why we lost the information war.
- And what should we do?
- What can we do! Hold talks. But it seems like now any talks are fruitless. Several generations were raised in the atmosphere of mutual hatred. I believe we shoul continue peace talks. let them be endless, that's the only way out.
- Let us now talk about Akram Aylisli's novel "Rock Dreams". I believe you read it.
- Yes, I did. My attitude to all this is very complicated. Aylisli was once my student and we were in a very good relations. I know him very well. I think he knew what he was doing. You may call it a provocation, a PR action or a shocking behaviour, as you want.
- But what was his aim?
- You see... I guess pain and personal belief in his own rightness. As many other authors he thinks he is the only true writer. After the scandal started I had to support Aylisli, because I wanted to save him and because I believe his book is a very good piece of art. It's very emotional and it caused powerful feelings. I wrote that every artist has a right for his own point of view, that this book was not a documentary about the Karabakh conflict, that it's not a research about Azerbijanis living in Armenia. Anyway this book has drawn public attention to the issue and this can help us to better understand the nature of this conflict.
- As for me I was surprised by the fact that this book is very biased. I remeber the events of those times. I remember that many Azerbaijanis risked their lives to save Armenians. And it was not a rare thing, as one may think reading the book.
- If Aylisli had written about everything you talk about, the book would have never caused such a outcry.
-You think that was what he wanted? A scandal?
- That's what it turned into. But I support him, because when all is said and done no one have a right to make an artist be silent. The ideal way out is to find some Armenian author who would write a similar book about the Armenian party.
I believe such a joint project would even win a Nobel prize.
- But there is no such project in Armenia.
- And there won't be.
- Armenian society is much less tolerant then that of Azerbaijan. The Armenian nationalism is nothing like Azerbaijani tolerance. All open-minded Armenians now live abroad. It's unthinkable to live in Armenia and to write a book about the massacre in Khocali. It's like a death sentence to yourself. As for me I believe in an artist's right to express his own attitude. That is why I support Akram Aylisli.
I see three possible ways out of this crisis. The first is Aylisli's emmigration. This wil be a great loss for Azerbaijani litarature. The second one is his assasination. The third and the most civilized one is to start a dialogue and to explain everyone that we are not savages.
Vestnik Kavkaza
in Instagram
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flan-26722556
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Write a sentence not in English. Prin urmare, cred că sprijinul pentru îmbunătățirea situației sectorului este o obligație, deoarece, așa cum specifică rezoluția, "joacă un rol strategic în societate, prestând un serviciu public de valoare ecologică”.
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pes2o-20910523
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Understanding Access to Higher Education Amongst Humanitarian Migrants: A Longitudinal Analysis of Australian Survey Data
Humanitarian migrants are amongst the most marginalised population groups in countries within the Global North, including Australia. An important channel for these migrants to successfully settle into the host society and improve their socio-economic outcomes is participation in the local education system, particularly in higher-education options. However, we know surprisingly little about the socio-demographic factors that facilitate or constrain access to (higher) education amongst humanitarian migrants, with evidence from robust quantitative studies being particularly scarce. The present study fills this important gap in knowledge by analysing Australian longitudinal survey data (Building a New Life in Australia; n=2,109 migrants and 8,668 person-year observations) by means of random-effect panel regression models. Key results indicated that higher English-language proficiency and pre-arrival education levels are core factors fostering greater engagement with the Australian higher-education system amongst humanitarian migrants. Surprisingly, humanitarian-migrant women in our sample exhibited a greater adjusted likelihood of being a student than humanitarian-migrant men. Altogether, our findings confirmed that humanitarian migrants experience barriers to accessing the Australian higher-education system, and that policy attention is required to redress this situation. However, they also stress that a “one size fits all” policy strategy may be neither sufficient nor appropriate to boost their education prospects.
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{"added":"2020-12-24T09:13:17.305Z","created":"2020-12-17T00:00:00.000Z","id":"233762236","metadata":{"abstract":"Humanitarian migrants are amongst the most marginalised population groups in countries within the Global North, including Australia. An important channel for these migrants to successfully settle into the host society and improve their socio-economic outcomes is participation in the local education system, particularly in higher-education options. However, we know surprisingly little about the socio-demographic factors that facilitate or constrain access to (higher) education amongst humanitarian migrants, with evidence from robust quantitative studies being particularly scarce. The present study fills this important gap in knowledge by analysing Australian longitudinal survey data (Building a New Life in Australia; n=2,109 migrants and 8,668 person-year observations) by means of random-effect panel regression models. Key results indicated that higher English-language proficiency and pre-arrival education levels are core factors fostering greater engagement with the Australian higher-education system amongst humanitarian migrants. Surprisingly, humanitarian-migrant women in our sample exhibited a greater adjusted likelihood of being a student than humanitarian-migrant men. Altogether, our findings confirmed that humanitarian migrants experience barriers to accessing the Australian higher-education system, and that policy attention is required to redress this situation. However, they also stress that a \u201cone size fits all\u201d policy strategy may be neither sufficient nor appropriate to boost their education prospects.","abstract_count":200,"abstract_language":"en","abstract_perplexity":-14.579759664286495,"extfieldsofstudy":[],"provenance":"pes2o_v2-0005.json.gz:1547788","s2fieldsofstudy":["Education"],"sha1":"dbc65afa956fc8b7d45ce203ddc1566b0c5d1c79","sources":["Crossref","Unpaywall","ElsevierPush","MergedPDFExtraction"],"title":"Understanding Access to Higher Education Amongst Humanitarian Migrants: A Longitudinal Analysis of Australian Survey Data","title_count":15,"title_language":"en","title_perplexity":-13.38794431176848,"top_frequencies":[{"count":7,"token":"the"},{"count":6,"token":"to"},{"count":6,"token":"in"},{"count":5,"token":"that"},{"count":4,"token":"Australian"},{"count":4,"token":"migrants"},{"count":4,"token":"and"},{"count":4,"token":"education"},{"count":4,"token":"a"},{"count":3,"token":"of"},{"count":3,"token":"amongst"},{"count":3,"token":"higher-education"},{"count":3,"token":"humanitarian"},{"count":2,"token":"Humanitarian"},{"count":2,"token":"are"},{"count":2,"token":"important"},{"count":2,"token":"their"},{"count":2,"token":"is"},{"count":2,"token":"system,"},{"count":2,"token":"particularly"},{"count":2,"token":"However,"},{"count":2,"token":"factors"},{"count":2,"token":"with"},{"count":2,"token":"being"},{"count":2,"token":"this"},{"count":2,"token":"by"},{"count":2,"token":"greater"},{"count":2,"token":"humanitarian-migrant"},{"count":2,"token":"our"},{"count":2,"token":"policy"},{"count":1,"token":"Understanding"},{"count":1,"token":"Access"},{"count":1,"token":"Higher"},{"count":1,"token":"Education"},{"count":1,"token":"Amongst"},{"count":1,"token":"Migrants:"},{"count":1,"token":"A"},{"count":1,"token":"Longitudinal"},{"count":1,"token":"Analysis"},{"count":1,"token":"Survey"},{"count":1,"token":"Data"},{"count":1,"token":"most"},{"count":1,"token":"marginalised"},{"count":1,"token":"population"},{"count":1,"token":"groups"},{"count":1,"token":"countries"},{"count":1,"token":"within"},{"count":1,"token":"Global"},{"count":1,"token":"North,"},{"count":1,"token":"including"},{"count":1,"token":"Australia."},{"count":1,"token":"An"},{"count":1,"token":"channel"},{"count":1,"token":"for"},{"count":1,"token":"these"},{"count":1,"token":"successfully"},{"count":1,"token":"settle"},{"count":1,"token":"into"},{"count":1,"token":"host"},{"count":1,"token":"society"},{"count":1,"token":"improve"},{"count":1,"token":"socio-economic"},{"count":1,"token":"outcomes"},{"count":1,"token":"participation"},{"count":1,"token":"local"},{"count":1,"token":"options."},{"count":1,"token":"we"},{"count":1,"token":"know"},{"count":1,"token":"surprisingly"},{"count":1,"token":"little"},{"count":1,"token":"about"},{"count":1,"token":"socio-demographic"},{"count":1,"token":"facilitate"},{"count":1,"token":"or"},{"count":1,"token":"constrain"},{"count":1,"token":"access"},{"count":1,"token":"(higher)"},{"count":1,"token":"migrants,"},{"count":1,"token":"evidence"},{"count":1,"token":"from"},{"count":1,"token":"robust"},{"count":1,"token":"quantitative"},{"count":1,"token":"studies"},{"count":1,"token":"scarce."},{"count":1,"token":"The"},{"count":1,"token":"present"},{"count":1,"token":"study"},{"count":1,"token":"fills"},{"count":1,"token":"gap"},{"count":1,"token":"knowledge"},{"count":1,"token":"analysing"},{"count":1,"token":"longitudinal"},{"count":1,"token":"survey"},{"count":1,"token":"data"},{"count":1,"token":"(Building"},{"count":1,"token":"New"},{"count":1,"token":"Life"},{"count":1,"token":"Australia;"},{"count":1,"token":"n=2,109"},{"count":1,"token":"8,668"}],"year":2020},"source":"s2","version":"v3-fos"}
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Enfin, une franchise peut également s'appliquer dans certains États membres en cas de dommages matériels causés par un véhicule non assuré.
Translate this to English? Lastly, in some Member States, excess may apply to damage to property caused by an uninsured vehicle.
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dclm-423050472
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Skip to main content
Average ER Wait Time
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Regional Medical Center of San Jose
Good Samaritan Hospital
Talking to Your Doctor About Chromosomal Abnormalities
You have a unique medical history. Therefore, it is essential to talk with your doctor about your personal risk factors and/or experience with chromosomal abnormalities. By talking openly and regularly with your doctor, you can make the best decisions for you and your family.
General Tips for Gathering Information
• Write out your question ahead of time so you don’t forget them.
• Don’t be afraid to ask your questions or ask where you can find more information about specific topics. You have a right to know.
Genetic Counseling
You or your partner’s family history may lead you to meeting with a genetic counselor. Genetic counselors have specialized training and experience within the area of genetics. Additionally, they are qualified in counseling people who are dealing with highly sensitive and emotional issues.
As counselors, their job is to inform you about possible birth defects or genetic disorders that may affect your child. Training in genetics allows these specialists to help you make sense of detailed medical jargon. They will identify any risk factors you or your partner may have and the likelihood of a birth defect or genetic disorder occurring. The counselors will present you with possible outcome scenarios that can help you understand and better decide for yourself what you should do.
At your first visit, you will be asked about your medical history as well as the medical background of your family. The more information that you can provide, the better your counselor will be able to identify inheritance patterns and assess your risk factors for certain genetic problems.
Sometimes further testing may be necessary. Your genetic counselor will arrange for this. When your chances of having a child with a possible genetic disorder have been properly assessed, your counselor will provide you with the resources you need to decide what you should do next. If you have a very high risk, your options include choosing to adopt or conceiving a child through in vitro fertilization and implanting an embryo that has been determined to be free of genetic problems through preimplantation genetic diagnosis.
Don't hesitate to ask your genetic counselor any questions you might have. You will be presented with a lot of information, so be sure to ask for brochures or even a written summary of the meeting to use as a resource.
Before Your Appointment
It is important to gather as much information on your family's medical history as you can.
Revision Information
• Reviewer: Kari Kassir, MD
• Review Date: 06/2016 -
• Update Date: 05/20/2015 -
• Chromosome abnormalities. National Human Genome Research Institute website. Available at: . Updated January 6, 2016. Accessed June 3, 2016.
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pes2o-7755066
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Activated protein C resistance in normal pregnancy
Sir, Leitch et aZ.’s description (Vol 104, August 1997)’ of the pattern of eclampsia in Glasgow is a welcome addition to the historically scanty literature on the epidemiology of this condition. We would, however, like to comment on their statement that a ‘proposed reduction in (antenatal) attendances may result in an increased incidence of eclampsia and its associated morbidity. ’ As we have pointed out elsewher$, while the historical: relationship between the introduction of widespread routine antenatal care and the declining incidence of eclampsia is clear it does not prove a causal link betwcen this decline and frequent antenatal visits. Douglas and Redman’s benchmark survey of eclampsia in the UK3 found that women who had made less frequent antenatal visits were not significantly different from those receiving standard antenatal care in terms of their first seizure, where it took place, or fhe gestation at which it occurred; neither were any differences detected in maternal or fetal outcomes. It appears, therefore, that seeing women more frequently in pregnancy is not associated with any protective effect on the incidence ofeclampsia. While currently some uncertainty may remain as to the clinical effectiveness of different visit schedules for rare pregnancy problems such as eclampsia, it may soon be possible, with meta-analysis of pooled results from recent trials4 and from the current WHO multicentre trial, to draw more definitive conclusions as to the safety of seeing women less often in pregnancy. Since between 1991 and 1993, 80% of maternal deaths from hypertensive conditions of pregnancy were judged to reflect substandard carex, we would agree with the authors that the greatest advances in reducing morbidity could be made by improvements in the management of hypertensive disorders when they occur.
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{"added":"2018-04-03T05:16:49.733Z","created":"1998-04-01T00:00:00.000Z","id":"42226622","metadata":{"abstract":"Sir, Leitch et aZ.\u2019s description (Vol 104, August 1997)\u2019 of the pattern of eclampsia in Glasgow is a welcome addition to the historically scanty literature on the epidemiology of this condition. We would, however, like to comment on their statement that a \u2018proposed reduction in (antenatal) attendances may result in an increased incidence of eclampsia and its associated morbidity. \u2019 As we have pointed out elsewher$, while the historical: relationship between the introduction of widespread routine antenatal care and the declining incidence of eclampsia is clear it does not prove a causal link betwcen this decline and frequent antenatal visits. 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How Safe Is It to Drink Water from Airplane Lavatory Faucets?
FlyerTalk member gelplanes wants to know “how safe is it to drink water from faucet in airplane lavatories?
FlyerTalk members respond that the water is definitely not potable, but is it still safe to brush one’s teeth or wash one’s hands?
Research was done a number of years ago by the son of FlyerTalk member l’etoile for the WSJ: How Safe is Airline Water? A story initiated by our youngest FTer.
Caution: Do not click on the links above to either FlyerTalk thread if your stomach is weak and you are squeamish…
Leave a Reply
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Slash Boxes
All the Perl that's Practical to Extract and Report
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• by Matts (1087) on 2003.05.14 9:22 (#20108) Journal
Mostly though I'm against them because I consider it impolite. A C/R anti-spam system is a cost shifting exercise. It shifts the recipients cost of spam to everyone who sends him email. That cost *should* be pushed to the spammers, not to legitimate users.
I have a list of other problems, but it's a few pages ;-)
• by vsergu (505) on 2003.05.14 10:05 (#20112) Journal
• Oh, I hadn't thought of that. Duh. I guess one solution to that problem would be to only position C/R systems in between the Internet and an organizations Intranet: so internal emails would never go through it, and email posing as internal email with common username would be rejected. But you are right, this gets way to complicated way too fast, and if widely adopted would result in way too much complexity.
• When I said the same group, I didn't necessarily mean the same domain. I'm not really talking about people in the same organization, just people who seem to be associated in some way and thus might be on each other's whitelists. Such people may show up on a web page together, for example.
• So in order for C/R to work everyone has to implement it?
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Subscribe Feedback english
look up any word, like gadriel:
1. quattro cinco
the spanish word for four people (usually hispanics, but not necessarily so) drowning in quicksand
me: "Yo, heard there was another quattro cinco last night."
you: "Ain't it a bitch"
me: "I'm hungry, how 'bout mexican?"
you: "Dude, I'm fo sum o dat."
rss and gcal
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pes2o-27838970
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Generative Adversarial Optimization (GOA) for Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia Detection
Computer-aided diagnostic systems represent an active research topic that captures the attention of scientists from various fields. Due to the complexity of human body and the various sources that can be used to generate medical digital images, numerous methods designed for analysing and detecting of different diseases have been developed. In this paper the focus is on detecting acute lymphocytic leukemia in microscopic digital blood images. A method for lymphocyte classification as normal cells or blasts is proposed. For purpose of classification, each cell is described by 11 features, namely 5 shape and 6 texture features. The support vector machine was used as a classifier and its parameters were tuned by means of a novel optimization algorithm: the generative adversarial optimization (GAO) algorithm. No other applications of this optimization algorithm – the latest so far were found in literature. The proposed method for acute lymphocytic leukemia detection is compared with the Naïve Bayes classificatory, the k-nearest neighbour, the back propagation neural network, and the support vector machine optimized by the bare bones fireworks algorithm. The proposed GAO-based method achieved higher classification accuracy which exhibits the great potential of this new algorithm.
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pes2o
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{"added":"2019-10-10T09:15:29.360Z","created":"2019-10-09T00:00:00.000Z","id":"208112869","metadata":{"abstract":"Computer-aided diagnostic systems represent an active research topic that captures the attention of scientists from various fields. Due to the complexity of human body and the various sources that can be used to generate medical digital images, numerous methods designed for analysing and detecting of different diseases have been developed. In this paper the focus is on detecting acute lymphocytic leukemia in microscopic digital blood images. A method for lymphocyte classification as normal cells or blasts is proposed. For purpose of classification, each cell is described by 11 features, namely 5 shape and 6 texture features. The support vector machine was used as a classifier and its parameters were tuned by means of a novel optimization algorithm: the generative adversarial optimization (GAO) algorithm. No other applications of this optimization algorithm \u2013 the latest so far were found in literature. The proposed method for acute lymphocytic leukemia detection is compared with the Na\u00efve Bayes classificatory, the k-nearest neighbour, the back propagation neural network, and the support vector machine optimized by the bare bones fireworks algorithm. The proposed GAO-based method achieved higher classification accuracy which exhibits the great potential of this new algorithm.","abstract_count":191,"abstract_language":"en","abstract_perplexity":-13.764323780688782,"extfieldsofstudy":["Computer Science"],"provenance":"pes2o_v2-0007.json.gz:732374","s2fieldsofstudy":["Computer Science"],"sha1":"26089bb2c46581863e1b2139511d495c44632c3d","sources":["Adhoc","MAG","MergedPDFExtraction","Unpaywall","Crossref"],"title":"Generative Adversarial Optimization (GOA) for Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia Detection","title_count":9,"title_language":"zu","title_perplexity":-18.93367726213622,"top_frequencies":[{"count":12,"token":"the"},{"count":7,"token":"of"},{"count":5,"token":"and"},{"count":4,"token":"for"},{"count":4,"token":"is"},{"count":3,"token":"this"},{"count":3,"token":"method"},{"count":3,"token":"by"},{"count":3,"token":"The"},{"count":3,"token":"optimization"},{"count":3,"token":"algorithm."},{"count":2,"token":"that"},{"count":2,"token":"various"},{"count":2,"token":"to"},{"count":2,"token":"used"},{"count":2,"token":"digital"},{"count":2,"token":"detecting"},{"count":2,"token":"acute"},{"count":2,"token":"lymphocytic"},{"count":2,"token":"leukemia"},{"count":2,"token":"in"},{"count":2,"token":"classification"},{"count":2,"token":"as"},{"count":2,"token":"support"},{"count":2,"token":"vector"},{"count":2,"token":"machine"},{"count":2,"token":"a"},{"count":2,"token":"were"},{"count":2,"token":"proposed"},{"count":1,"token":"Generative"},{"count":1,"token":"Adversarial"},{"count":1,"token":"Optimization"},{"count":1,"token":"(GOA)"},{"count":1,"token":"Acute"},{"count":1,"token":"Lymphocytic"},{"count":1,"token":"Leukemia"},{"count":1,"token":"Detection"},{"count":1,"token":"Computer-aided"},{"count":1,"token":"diagnostic"},{"count":1,"token":"systems"},{"count":1,"token":"represent"},{"count":1,"token":"an"},{"count":1,"token":"active"},{"count":1,"token":"research"},{"count":1,"token":"topic"},{"count":1,"token":"captures"},{"count":1,"token":"attention"},{"count":1,"token":"scientists"},{"count":1,"token":"from"},{"count":1,"token":"fields."},{"count":1,"token":"Due"},{"count":1,"token":"complexity"},{"count":1,"token":"human"},{"count":1,"token":"body"},{"count":1,"token":"sources"},{"count":1,"token":"can"},{"count":1,"token":"be"},{"count":1,"token":"generate"},{"count":1,"token":"medical"},{"count":1,"token":"images,"},{"count":1,"token":"numerous"},{"count":1,"token":"methods"},{"count":1,"token":"designed"},{"count":1,"token":"analysing"},{"count":1,"token":"different"},{"count":1,"token":"diseases"},{"count":1,"token":"have"},{"count":1,"token":"been"},{"count":1,"token":"developed."},{"count":1,"token":"In"},{"count":1,"token":"paper"},{"count":1,"token":"focus"},{"count":1,"token":"on"},{"count":1,"token":"microscopic"},{"count":1,"token":"blood"},{"count":1,"token":"images."},{"count":1,"token":"A"},{"count":1,"token":"lymphocyte"},{"count":1,"token":"normal"},{"count":1,"token":"cells"},{"count":1,"token":"or"},{"count":1,"token":"blasts"},{"count":1,"token":"proposed."},{"count":1,"token":"For"},{"count":1,"token":"purpose"},{"count":1,"token":"classification,"},{"count":1,"token":"each"},{"count":1,"token":"cell"},{"count":1,"token":"described"},{"count":1,"token":"11"},{"count":1,"token":"features,"},{"count":1,"token":"namely"},{"count":1,"token":"5"},{"count":1,"token":"shape"},{"count":1,"token":"6"},{"count":1,"token":"texture"},{"count":1,"token":"features."},{"count":1,"token":"was"},{"count":1,"token":"classifier"},{"count":1,"token":"its"}],"year":2019},"source":"s2","version":"v3-fos"}
| 249 |
pes2o-14086679
|
Socio-economic determinants of vegetable farmers' awareness of safety measures in pesticide use in Jere local government area, Borno state, Nigeria
This study was carried out to determine the socio-economic factors influencing awareness on pesticide use and safety measures by the vegetable farmers in Jere Local Government Area, Borno State. The specific objectives were to identify the socio-economic characteristics of vegetable farmers, determine the level of awareness on pesticide use and safety practices among vegetable farmers, and determine the factors influencing vegetable farmers' awareness on pesticide use and safety measures. A two-stage sampling technique was employed to select eighty-five vegetable farmers across thirteen wards of the local government. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used for the analysis. The study revealed that most of the farmers were between the age of 26 and 35 years (36%) with the majority having household size of 6 to 10 members (44%) and farm size of less than 10 acres (61%). Majority (64%) of the farmers were aware of pesticide safety use and practices (64%). Fellow farmers were the major source of information on pesticide safety use and practices (48%). The major factors that influenced awareness among the farmers were age, household size and farm size. Therefore, it is recommended that farmers' awareness on disposal of pesticide containers, mixing of pesticides should be raised through regular workshops and symposia. Keywords : Awareness, Pesticide, Vegetables, Factors.
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pes2o
|
{"added":"2019-05-30T23:45:12.110Z","created":"2018-08-14T00:00:00.000Z","id":"169647084","metadata":{"abstract":"This study was carried out to determine the socio-economic factors influencing awareness on pesticide use and safety measures by the vegetable farmers in Jere Local Government Area, Borno State. The specific objectives were to identify the socio-economic characteristics of vegetable farmers, determine the level of awareness on pesticide use and safety practices among vegetable farmers, and determine the factors influencing vegetable farmers' awareness on pesticide use and safety measures. A two-stage sampling technique was employed to select eighty-five vegetable farmers across thirteen wards of the local government. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used for the analysis. The study revealed that most of the farmers were between the age of 26 and 35 years (36%) with the majority having household size of 6 to 10 members (44%) and farm size of less than 10 acres (61%). Majority (64%) of the farmers were aware of pesticide safety use and practices (64%). Fellow farmers were the major source of information on pesticide safety use and practices (48%). The major factors that influenced awareness among the farmers were age, household size and farm size. Therefore, it is recommended that farmers' awareness on disposal of pesticide containers, mixing of pesticides should be raised through regular workshops and symposia. Keywords : Awareness, Pesticide, Vegetables, Factors.","abstract_count":210,"abstract_language":"en","abstract_perplexity":-15.357308287279864,"extfieldsofstudy":["Geography"],"provenance":"pes2o_v2-0003.json.gz:2471489","s2fieldsofstudy":["Economics","Agricultural And Food Sciences"],"sha1":"e04a1861b1beb152e03f1338fc8099475dffa97f","sources":["MAG","Unpaywall","Crossref"],"title":"Socio-economic determinants of vegetable farmers' awareness of safety measures in pesticide use in Jere local government area, Borno state, Nigeria","title_count":20,"title_language":"en","title_perplexity":-15.87844447231124,"top_frequencies":[{"count":14,"token":"of"},{"count":13,"token":"the"},{"count":11,"token":"and"},{"count":7,"token":"pesticide"},{"count":6,"token":"vegetable"},{"count":6,"token":"awareness"},{"count":6,"token":"safety"},{"count":6,"token":"use"},{"count":6,"token":"farmers"},{"count":6,"token":"were"},{"count":5,"token":"on"},{"count":4,"token":"to"},{"count":3,"token":"farmers'"},{"count":3,"token":"in"},{"count":3,"token":"determine"},{"count":3,"token":"factors"},{"count":3,"token":"The"},{"count":3,"token":"practices"},{"count":3,"token":"that"},{"count":3,"token":"size"},{"count":2,"token":"measures"},{"count":2,"token":"Jere"},{"count":2,"token":"local"},{"count":2,"token":"Borno"},{"count":2,"token":"study"},{"count":2,"token":"was"},{"count":2,"token":"socio-economic"},{"count":2,"token":"influencing"},{"count":2,"token":"farmers,"},{"count":2,"token":"among"},{"count":2,"token":"household"},{"count":2,"token":"10"},{"count":2,"token":"farm"},{"count":2,"token":"major"},{"count":1,"token":"Socio-economic"},{"count":1,"token":"determinants"},{"count":1,"token":"government"},{"count":1,"token":"area,"},{"count":1,"token":"state,"},{"count":1,"token":"Nigeria"},{"count":1,"token":"This"},{"count":1,"token":"carried"},{"count":1,"token":"out"},{"count":1,"token":"by"},{"count":1,"token":"Local"},{"count":1,"token":"Government"},{"count":1,"token":"Area,"},{"count":1,"token":"State."},{"count":1,"token":"specific"},{"count":1,"token":"objectives"},{"count":1,"token":"identify"},{"count":1,"token":"characteristics"},{"count":1,"token":"level"},{"count":1,"token":"measures."},{"count":1,"token":"A"},{"count":1,"token":"two-stage"},{"count":1,"token":"sampling"},{"count":1,"token":"technique"},{"count":1,"token":"employed"},{"count":1,"token":"select"},{"count":1,"token":"eighty-five"},{"count":1,"token":"across"},{"count":1,"token":"thirteen"},{"count":1,"token":"wards"},{"count":1,"token":"government."},{"count":1,"token":"Descriptive"},{"count":1,"token":"statistics"},{"count":1,"token":"logistic"},{"count":1,"token":"regression"},{"count":1,"token":"used"},{"count":1,"token":"for"},{"count":1,"token":"analysis."},{"count":1,"token":"revealed"},{"count":1,"token":"most"},{"count":1,"token":"between"},{"count":1,"token":"age"},{"count":1,"token":"26"},{"count":1,"token":"35"},{"count":1,"token":"years"},{"count":1,"token":"(36%)"},{"count":1,"token":"with"},{"count":1,"token":"majority"},{"count":1,"token":"having"},{"count":1,"token":"6"},{"count":1,"token":"members"},{"count":1,"token":"(44%)"},{"count":1,"token":"less"},{"count":1,"token":"than"},{"count":1,"token":"acres"},{"count":1,"token":"(61%)."},{"count":1,"token":"Majority"},{"count":1,"token":"(64%)"},{"count":1,"token":"aware"},{"count":1,"token":"(64%)."},{"count":1,"token":"Fellow"},{"count":1,"token":"source"},{"count":1,"token":"information"},{"count":1,"token":"(48%)."},{"count":1,"token":"influenced"},{"count":1,"token":"age,"}],"year":2018},"source":"s2","version":"v3-fos"}
| 288 |
pes2o-15283795
|
Cardiac actions of angiotensin II: Role of an intracardiac renin-angiotensin system.
The renin-angiotensin system has a varied role in the regulation of cardiac function, ranging from early receptor-mediated effects such as second messenger generation, to more delayed responses such as protein synthesis and cell growth. Clinically, the importance of the RAS in cardiovascular disease is becoming increasingly evident with the use of ACE inhibitors in treating various pathological processes. With evidence for the existence of a local RAS in the heart, the molecular and biochemical regulation of this system requires investigation. Much additional work needs to be directed toward elucidating the mechanisms by which the AII-receptor couples to cardiac growth, how the local RAS is regulated, and the nature of controls that modulate cardiac production and actions of this peptide. Increased understanding of the mechanisms by which AII actions are affected in cardiac tissue will likely lead to enhanced therapeutic modalities for the treatment of pathological cardiovascular conditions in which the RAS plays an integral role.
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pes2o
|
{"added":"2018-04-03T03:19:12.842Z","created":"1992-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","id":"2219144","metadata":{"abstract":"The renin-angiotensin system has a varied role in the regulation of cardiac function, ranging from early receptor-mediated effects such as second messenger generation, to more delayed responses such as protein synthesis and cell growth. Clinically, the importance of the RAS in cardiovascular disease is becoming increasingly evident with the use of ACE inhibitors in treating various pathological processes. With evidence for the existence of a local RAS in the heart, the molecular and biochemical regulation of this system requires investigation. Much additional work needs to be directed toward elucidating the mechanisms by which the AII-receptor couples to cardiac growth, how the local RAS is regulated, and the nature of controls that modulate cardiac production and actions of this peptide. Increased understanding of the mechanisms by which AII actions are affected in cardiac tissue will likely lead to enhanced therapeutic modalities for the treatment of pathological cardiovascular conditions in which the RAS plays an integral role.","abstract_count":155,"abstract_language":"en","abstract_perplexity":-12.942688552129908,"extfieldsofstudy":["Biology","Medicine"],"provenance":"pes2o_v2-0003.json.gz:3668605","s2fieldsofstudy":["Biology","Medicine"],"sha1":"ea281f82bff8d5e08dd41091d634f767d9a3a7e7","sources":["Unpaywall","MAG","Medline"],"title":"Cardiac actions of angiotensin II: Role of an intracardiac renin-angiotensin system.","title_count":11,"title_language":"en","title_perplexity":-17.24208753444001,"top_frequencies":[{"count":14,"token":"the"},{"count":11,"token":"of"},{"count":6,"token":"in"},{"count":4,"token":"cardiac"},{"count":4,"token":"to"},{"count":4,"token":"and"},{"count":4,"token":"RAS"},{"count":3,"token":"actions"},{"count":3,"token":"which"},{"count":2,"token":"an"},{"count":2,"token":"renin-angiotensin"},{"count":2,"token":"system"},{"count":2,"token":"a"},{"count":2,"token":"regulation"},{"count":2,"token":"such"},{"count":2,"token":"as"},{"count":2,"token":"cardiovascular"},{"count":2,"token":"is"},{"count":2,"token":"pathological"},{"count":2,"token":"for"},{"count":2,"token":"local"},{"count":2,"token":"this"},{"count":2,"token":"mechanisms"},{"count":2,"token":"by"},{"count":1,"token":"Cardiac"},{"count":1,"token":"angiotensin"},{"count":1,"token":"II:"},{"count":1,"token":"Role"},{"count":1,"token":"intracardiac"},{"count":1,"token":"system."},{"count":1,"token":"The"},{"count":1,"token":"has"},{"count":1,"token":"varied"},{"count":1,"token":"role"},{"count":1,"token":"function,"},{"count":1,"token":"ranging"},{"count":1,"token":"from"},{"count":1,"token":"early"},{"count":1,"token":"receptor-mediated"},{"count":1,"token":"effects"},{"count":1,"token":"second"},{"count":1,"token":"messenger"},{"count":1,"token":"generation,"},{"count":1,"token":"more"},{"count":1,"token":"delayed"},{"count":1,"token":"responses"},{"count":1,"token":"protein"},{"count":1,"token":"synthesis"},{"count":1,"token":"cell"},{"count":1,"token":"growth."},{"count":1,"token":"Clinically,"},{"count":1,"token":"importance"},{"count":1,"token":"disease"},{"count":1,"token":"becoming"},{"count":1,"token":"increasingly"},{"count":1,"token":"evident"},{"count":1,"token":"with"},{"count":1,"token":"use"},{"count":1,"token":"ACE"},{"count":1,"token":"inhibitors"},{"count":1,"token":"treating"},{"count":1,"token":"various"},{"count":1,"token":"processes."},{"count":1,"token":"With"},{"count":1,"token":"evidence"},{"count":1,"token":"existence"},{"count":1,"token":"heart,"},{"count":1,"token":"molecular"},{"count":1,"token":"biochemical"},{"count":1,"token":"requires"},{"count":1,"token":"investigation."},{"count":1,"token":"Much"},{"count":1,"token":"additional"},{"count":1,"token":"work"},{"count":1,"token":"needs"},{"count":1,"token":"be"},{"count":1,"token":"directed"},{"count":1,"token":"toward"},{"count":1,"token":"elucidating"},{"count":1,"token":"AII-receptor"},{"count":1,"token":"couples"},{"count":1,"token":"growth,"},{"count":1,"token":"how"},{"count":1,"token":"regulated,"},{"count":1,"token":"nature"},{"count":1,"token":"controls"},{"count":1,"token":"that"},{"count":1,"token":"modulate"},{"count":1,"token":"production"},{"count":1,"token":"peptide."},{"count":1,"token":"Increased"},{"count":1,"token":"understanding"},{"count":1,"token":"AII"},{"count":1,"token":"are"},{"count":1,"token":"affected"},{"count":1,"token":"tissue"},{"count":1,"token":"will"},{"count":1,"token":"likely"},{"count":1,"token":"lead"},{"count":1,"token":"enhanced"}],"year":1992},"source":"s2","version":"v3-fos"}
| 200 |
pes2o-16403615
|
Continuous versus intermittent infusion of temocillin, a directed spectrum penicillin for intensive care patients with nosocomial pneumonia: stability, compatibility, population pharmacokinetic studies and breakpoint selection.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Temocillin, a 6alpha-methoxy-penicillin stable towards most beta-lactamases (including extended-spectrum beta-lactamase), is presented as an alternative to carbapenems for susceptible Enterobacteriaceae in microbiological surveys. We aimed at documenting its potential clinical usefulness in intensive care (IC) patients using pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic approaches applied to conventional (twice daily) and continuous infusion (CI) modes of administration.
METHODS
(i) In vitro evaluation of temocillin stability and compatibility with other drugs under conditions pertinent of CI in IC patients; (ii) pharmacokinetic study in patients treated by CI (4 g/day; n = 6) versus [twice daily (2 g every 12 h); n = 6]; (iii) population pharmacokinetic analysis of twice daily with Monte Carlo simulations to determine 95% probability of target attainment (PTA(95)) versus MIC (based on time above MIC > or = 40% for measured free drug).
RESULTS
Temocillin was stable at 37 degrees C in 8.34% solutions for 24 h and compatible with flucloxacillin and aminoglycosides, but not with several other antibiotic and non-antibiotic drugs. With CI, stable total serum concentrations were 73.5 +/- 3.0 mg/L (SEM) and free concentration 29.3 +/- 2.8 mg/L. With twice daily, Cmax (total drug) was 147 +/- 12.3 mg/L (SEM; free drug: 50.3 +/- 15.8 mg/L), lowest trough (total drug) 12.3 mg/L, and PTA(95) (free drug) obtained for MIC < or = 8 mg/L.
CONCLUSIONS
Temocillin (4 g/day) by CI yields stable free serum concentrations above the current breakpoint (16 mg/L), although individual variations may suggest lowering the breakpoint to 8 mg/L (as for twice daily) unless the daily dose or the frequency of administration is increased.
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pes2o
|
{"added":"2014-10-01T00:00:00.000Z","created":"2008-02-01T00:00:00.000Z","id":"3197445","metadata":{"abstract":"BACKGROUND AND AIMS\nTemocillin, a 6alpha-methoxy-penicillin stable towards most beta-lactamases (including extended-spectrum beta-lactamase), is presented as an alternative to carbapenems for susceptible Enterobacteriaceae in microbiological surveys. We aimed at documenting its potential clinical usefulness in intensive care (IC) patients using pharmacokinetic\/pharmacodynamic approaches applied to conventional (twice daily) and continuous infusion (CI) modes of administration.\n\n\nMETHODS\n(i) In vitro evaluation of temocillin stability and compatibility with other drugs under conditions pertinent of CI in IC patients; (ii) pharmacokinetic study in patients treated by CI (4 g\/day; n = 6) versus [twice daily (2 g every 12 h); n = 6]; (iii) population pharmacokinetic analysis of twice daily with Monte Carlo simulations to determine 95% probability of target attainment (PTA(95)) versus MIC (based on time above MIC > or = 40% for measured free drug).\n\n\nRESULTS\nTemocillin was stable at 37 degrees C in 8.34% solutions for 24 h and compatible with flucloxacillin and aminoglycosides, but not with several other antibiotic and non-antibiotic drugs. With CI, stable total serum concentrations were 73.5 +\/- 3.0 mg\/L (SEM) and free concentration 29.3 +\/- 2.8 mg\/L. With twice daily, Cmax (total drug) was 147 +\/- 12.3 mg\/L (SEM; free drug: 50.3 +\/- 15.8 mg\/L), lowest trough (total drug) 12.3 mg\/L, and PTA(95) (free drug) obtained for MIC < or = 8 mg\/L.\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS\nTemocillin (4 g\/day) by CI yields stable free serum concentrations above the current breakpoint (16 mg\/L), although individual variations may suggest lowering the breakpoint to 8 mg\/L (as for twice daily) unless the daily dose or the frequency of administration is increased.","abstract_count":260,"abstract_language":"en","abstract_perplexity":-18.745350870047872,"extfieldsofstudy":["Medicine"],"provenance":"pes2o_v2-0004.json.gz:917008","s2fieldsofstudy":["Medicine","Biology"],"sha1":"45239b68fa247857ff82c5af3354975eef76df1c","sources":["Anansi","MergedPDFExtraction","Grobid","Unpaywall","ScienceParseMerged","Crawler","CiteSeerX","Adhoc","Medline","MAG"],"title":"Continuous versus intermittent infusion of temocillin, a directed spectrum penicillin for intensive care patients with nosocomial pneumonia: stability, compatibility, population pharmacokinetic studies and breakpoint selection.","title_count":25,"title_language":"en","title_perplexity":-17.20447681978144,"top_frequencies":[{"count":8,"token":"and"},{"count":7,"token":"of"},{"count":6,"token":"for"},{"count":5,"token":"with"},{"count":5,"token":"in"},{"count":4,"token":"stable"},{"count":4,"token":"to"},{"count":4,"token":"="},{"count":4,"token":"free"},{"count":4,"token":"+\/-"},{"count":4,"token":"the"},{"count":3,"token":"versus"},{"count":3,"token":"patients"},{"count":3,"token":"pharmacokinetic"},{"count":3,"token":"breakpoint"},{"count":3,"token":"CI"},{"count":3,"token":"daily"},{"count":3,"token":"twice"},{"count":3,"token":"MIC"},{"count":3,"token":"or"},{"count":3,"token":"mg\/L"},{"count":3,"token":"drug)"},{"count":2,"token":"infusion"},{"count":2,"token":"a"},{"count":2,"token":"intensive"},{"count":2,"token":"care"},{"count":2,"token":"population"},{"count":2,"token":"is"},{"count":2,"token":"at"},{"count":2,"token":"daily)"},{"count":2,"token":"other"},{"count":2,"token":"by"},{"count":2,"token":"(4"},{"count":2,"token":"n"},{"count":2,"token":"above"},{"count":2,"token":"Temocillin"},{"count":2,"token":"was"},{"count":2,"token":"With"},{"count":2,"token":"serum"},{"count":2,"token":"concentrations"},{"count":2,"token":"mg\/L."},{"count":2,"token":"(total"},{"count":2,"token":"12.3"},{"count":2,"token":"mg\/L),"},{"count":2,"token":"8"},{"count":1,"token":"Continuous"},{"count":1,"token":"intermittent"},{"count":1,"token":"temocillin,"},{"count":1,"token":"directed"},{"count":1,"token":"spectrum"},{"count":1,"token":"penicillin"},{"count":1,"token":"nosocomial"},{"count":1,"token":"pneumonia:"},{"count":1,"token":"stability,"},{"count":1,"token":"compatibility,"},{"count":1,"token":"studies"},{"count":1,"token":"selection."},{"count":1,"token":"BACKGROUND"},{"count":1,"token":"AND"},{"count":1,"token":"AIMS"},{"count":1,"token":"Temocillin,"},{"count":1,"token":"6alpha-methoxy-penicillin"},{"count":1,"token":"towards"},{"count":1,"token":"most"},{"count":1,"token":"beta-lactamases"},{"count":1,"token":"(including"},{"count":1,"token":"extended-spectrum"},{"count":1,"token":"beta-lactamase),"},{"count":1,"token":"presented"},{"count":1,"token":"as"},{"count":1,"token":"an"},{"count":1,"token":"alternative"},{"count":1,"token":"carbapenems"},{"count":1,"token":"susceptible"},{"count":1,"token":"Enterobacteriaceae"},{"count":1,"token":"microbiological"},{"count":1,"token":"surveys."},{"count":1,"token":"We"},{"count":1,"token":"aimed"},{"count":1,"token":"documenting"},{"count":1,"token":"its"},{"count":1,"token":"potential"},{"count":1,"token":"clinical"},{"count":1,"token":"usefulness"},{"count":1,"token":"(IC)"},{"count":1,"token":"using"},{"count":1,"token":"pharmacokinetic\/pharmacodynamic"},{"count":1,"token":"approaches"},{"count":1,"token":"applied"},{"count":1,"token":"conventional"},{"count":1,"token":"(twice"},{"count":1,"token":"continuous"},{"count":1,"token":"(CI)"},{"count":1,"token":"modes"},{"count":1,"token":"administration."},{"count":1,"token":"METHODS"},{"count":1,"token":"(i)"},{"count":1,"token":"In"},{"count":1,"token":"vitro"},{"count":1,"token":"evaluation"}],"year":2008},"source":"s2","version":"v3-fos"}
| 468 |
flan-24563803
|
Translate "Discussion panel Marine genetic resources" to French? Groupe de discussion Les ressources génétiques marines
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flan
|
{"attributes":{"dedupe_ngrams_8_1_all_train":[[0.0,120.0,0.0]],"paloma_paragraphs":[]},"id":"81ebdb56847df38201ff4938f42aec1c","metadata":{"_replicate":0,"_task_name":"wmt14_translate\/fr-en:1.0.0","_task_source":"Flan2021","_template_idx":7,"_template_type":"zs_noopt","provenance":"60M-shots_all-upweight_1-dialog_false-sep_rulebased-train-0132.json.gz:98266"},"source":"flan_v2"}
| 25 |
pes2o-1066151
|
Efficacy of Phacotrabeculectomy Alone versus Phacotrabeculectomy Augmented with Autologous Anterior Capsule Implantation Beneath the Sclera Flap
ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of autologous anterior lens capsule (ALC) in phacotrabeculectomy. Material and Methods: In this prospective, randomized case control study, after obtaining institutional ethical clearance and informed consent, 88 eyes posted for phacotrabeculectomy were divided into ALC and non-ALC groups. Combined phacoemulsification, with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation and trabeculectomy, was performed in both groups. Anterior lens capsule transplantation was done in the first group beneath the sclera flap. Follow-up of three months was carried out and the morphology of bleb, intraocular pressure (IOP), requirement for additional medications, and complications were compared between the two groups. Result: Statistical difference favoring the ALC group was seen in IOP reduction (p < 0.05) at each follow-up, qualified success rate and failure rate at the three-month follow-up (p = 0.006), but no difference in bleb morphology was seen. Conclusion: ALC implantation is beneficial in maintaining filtration in a combined surgery with minimal complications.
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pes2o
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{"added":"2018-04-03T03:50:09.862Z","created":"2016-08-17T00:00:00.000Z","id":"4441770","metadata":{"abstract":"ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of autologous anterior lens capsule (ALC) in phacotrabeculectomy. Material and Methods: In this prospective, randomized case control study, after obtaining institutional ethical clearance and informed consent, 88 eyes posted for phacotrabeculectomy were divided into ALC and non-ALC groups. Combined phacoemulsification, with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation and trabeculectomy, was performed in both groups. Anterior lens capsule transplantation was done in the first group beneath the sclera flap. Follow-up of three months was carried out and the morphology of bleb, intraocular pressure (IOP), requirement for additional medications, and complications were compared between the two groups. Result: Statistical difference favoring the ALC group was seen in IOP reduction (p < 0.05) at each follow-up, qualified success rate and failure rate at the three-month follow-up (p = 0.006), but no difference in bleb morphology was seen. Conclusion: ALC implantation is beneficial in maintaining filtration in a combined surgery with minimal complications.","abstract_count":154,"abstract_language":"en","abstract_perplexity":-16.20892185841168,"extfieldsofstudy":["Medicine"],"provenance":"pes2o_v2-0000.json.gz:1066152","s2fieldsofstudy":["Medicine"],"sha1":"1bf2e2c7b2eba3be775722a7d1b4950b594c5180","sources":["TaylorAndFrancis","MergedPDFExtraction","Medline","MAG","Unpaywall"],"title":"Efficacy of Phacotrabeculectomy Alone versus Phacotrabeculectomy Augmented with Autologous Anterior Capsule Implantation Beneath the Sclera Flap","title_count":16,"title_language":"en","title_perplexity":-17.161570063771265,"top_frequencies":[{"count":8,"token":"the"},{"count":7,"token":"in"},{"count":7,"token":"and"},{"count":5,"token":"was"},{"count":4,"token":"of"},{"count":3,"token":"with"},{"count":3,"token":"lens"},{"count":3,"token":"ALC"},{"count":3,"token":"groups."},{"count":2,"token":"Phacotrabeculectomy"},{"count":2,"token":"Anterior"},{"count":2,"token":"capsule"},{"count":2,"token":"for"},{"count":2,"token":"were"},{"count":2,"token":"intraocular"},{"count":2,"token":"implantation"},{"count":2,"token":"group"},{"count":2,"token":"morphology"},{"count":2,"token":"difference"},{"count":2,"token":"(p"},{"count":2,"token":"at"},{"count":2,"token":"rate"},{"count":1,"token":"Efficacy"},{"count":1,"token":"Alone"},{"count":1,"token":"versus"},{"count":1,"token":"Augmented"},{"count":1,"token":"Autologous"},{"count":1,"token":"Capsule"},{"count":1,"token":"Implantation"},{"count":1,"token":"Beneath"},{"count":1,"token":"Sclera"},{"count":1,"token":"Flap"},{"count":1,"token":"ABSTRACT"},{"count":1,"token":"Purpose:"},{"count":1,"token":"To"},{"count":1,"token":"evaluate"},{"count":1,"token":"efficacy"},{"count":1,"token":"autologous"},{"count":1,"token":"anterior"},{"count":1,"token":"(ALC)"},{"count":1,"token":"phacotrabeculectomy."},{"count":1,"token":"Material"},{"count":1,"token":"Methods:"},{"count":1,"token":"In"},{"count":1,"token":"this"},{"count":1,"token":"prospective,"},{"count":1,"token":"randomized"},{"count":1,"token":"case"},{"count":1,"token":"control"},{"count":1,"token":"study,"},{"count":1,"token":"after"},{"count":1,"token":"obtaining"},{"count":1,"token":"institutional"},{"count":1,"token":"ethical"},{"count":1,"token":"clearance"},{"count":1,"token":"informed"},{"count":1,"token":"consent,"},{"count":1,"token":"88"},{"count":1,"token":"eyes"},{"count":1,"token":"posted"},{"count":1,"token":"phacotrabeculectomy"},{"count":1,"token":"divided"},{"count":1,"token":"into"},{"count":1,"token":"non-ALC"},{"count":1,"token":"Combined"},{"count":1,"token":"phacoemulsification,"},{"count":1,"token":"posterior"},{"count":1,"token":"chamber"},{"count":1,"token":"trabeculectomy,"},{"count":1,"token":"performed"},{"count":1,"token":"both"},{"count":1,"token":"transplantation"},{"count":1,"token":"done"},{"count":1,"token":"first"},{"count":1,"token":"beneath"},{"count":1,"token":"sclera"},{"count":1,"token":"flap."},{"count":1,"token":"Follow-up"},{"count":1,"token":"three"},{"count":1,"token":"months"},{"count":1,"token":"carried"},{"count":1,"token":"out"},{"count":1,"token":"bleb,"},{"count":1,"token":"pressure"},{"count":1,"token":"(IOP),"},{"count":1,"token":"requirement"},{"count":1,"token":"additional"},{"count":1,"token":"medications,"},{"count":1,"token":"complications"},{"count":1,"token":"compared"},{"count":1,"token":"between"},{"count":1,"token":"two"},{"count":1,"token":"Result:"},{"count":1,"token":"Statistical"},{"count":1,"token":"favoring"},{"count":1,"token":"seen"},{"count":1,"token":"IOP"},{"count":1,"token":"reduction"},{"count":1,"token":"<"},{"count":1,"token":"0.05)"}],"year":2018},"source":"s2","version":"v3-fos"}
| 276 |
dclm-411512031
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Self-Stacking Building Blocks Are Nothing Short of Magic
Deciding that the lowly building block was due for an upgrade, researchers at MIT have created something amazing. The simple-looking M-Blocks are made from an aluminum frame filled with electronics, an electric motor that can spin up to 20,000 rpm, and a flywheel. And they can perform some amazing feats without any… » 4/16/14 1:20pm 4/16/14 1:20pm
Interactive Blocks Are Sure To Lure Kids Back To Wooden Marble Mazes
Kids these days don't want to play with wooden blocks—they want to play wooden block games on a tablet. But Felix Heibeck has come up with a wonderful way to lure kids away from their touchscreens by adding electronic and interactive blocks to those wooden marble mazes, cleverly bridging both worlds. » 10/04/13 3:39pm 10/04/13 3:39pm
Terrible aesthetics and children's toys go hand in hand. Barbie's "Dreamhouse" is an uninspired architectural disaster, and the font used on most alphabet blocks leaves design-minded parents actually missing Comic Sans. But what's the alternative? How about a set of alphabet blocks with beautiful typography and… » 1/22/13 10:19am 1/22/13 10:19am
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dclm
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{"fasttext_score":0.05494976043701172,"id":"<urn:uuid:77145278-6f55-4824-b6ed-320a8db0c0fe>","language":"en","language_score":0.931340754032135,"url":"http:\/\/gizmodo.com\/tag\/blocks","nemo_id":"dclm-gs7-179130340"}
| 292 |
pes2o-6118818
|
Integrated silicon pressure sensors using wafer bonding technology
Many electronic devices interact with the external world through sensors and actuators. The widespread use of such devices has fueled the interest in designing "smart" sensors with signal processing circuitry incorporated with the basic sensor or actuator. This thesis describes the development of a process for the fabrication of integrated microelectromechanical devices using single crystal silicon as the mechanical material, referred to as the MEMSCMOS process. It enables the formation of a variety of mechanical structures, including those using capacitive detection which often require on-chip amplification to minimize stray capacitance. The integrated MEMSCMOS process is partitioned into three sections: front-end micromachining, integrated circuit formation, and back-end micromachining. Front-end micromachining consists of using silicon wafer bonding to make a sealed cavity microstructure that is the base element of the transducer. Back-end micromachining steps consist of release etches from the front and backside of the wafer to form surface and bulk-micromachining-like structures respectively, and the formation of a top capacitive electrode. To ensure that the sealed cavity plate can withstand the high temperature thermal cycles typically seen in IC fabrication, it is formed by wafer bonding in a controlled ambient to achieve a reduced gas pressure inside the cavity. A model of the sealed cavity was developed to determine geometries and bonding conditions necessary to avoid plastic deformation. Plates with unconstrained as well as constrained downward deflections were considered in the model, which was incorporated into a simulation program to predict the onset temperature of plastic deformation for any square or circular cavity. The model was experimentally verified by means of defect studies on sealed cavity plates undergoing various high temperature anneals. The feasibility of the MEMSCMOS process was demonstrated with the fabrication of a testchip containing a variety of electrical and mechanical test structures, all of which were successfully operated confirming that there was minimal impact on device performance as a result of the merged process steps. The mechanical test structures incorporated both surface and bulk-micromachining-like devices, none of which showed any evidence of plastic deformation. The process was also transferred to a commercial production facility at Motorola. A capacitive pressure sensor was fabricated and tested in two modes of operation, conventional and touchmode. It was also combined and tested with a sensing and calibration circuit in two forms, hybrid and integrated. Discrete devices were combined with a separate sensing chip in a hybrid package, and an integrated sensor-circuit chip exercising the complete MEMSCMOS process was also fabricated. Thesis Supervisor: Martin A. Schmidt Title: Associate Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
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pes2o
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{"added":"2018-01-23T22:50:04.275Z","created":"1997-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","id":"13135202","metadata":{"abstract":"Many electronic devices interact with the external world through sensors and actuators. The widespread use of such devices has fueled the interest in designing \"smart\" sensors with signal processing circuitry incorporated with the basic sensor or actuator. This thesis describes the development of a process for the fabrication of integrated microelectromechanical devices using single crystal silicon as the mechanical material, referred to as the MEMSCMOS process. It enables the formation of a variety of mechanical structures, including those using capacitive detection which often require on-chip amplification to minimize stray capacitance. The integrated MEMSCMOS process is partitioned into three sections: front-end micromachining, integrated circuit formation, and back-end micromachining. Front-end micromachining consists of using silicon wafer bonding to make a sealed cavity microstructure that is the base element of the transducer. Back-end micromachining steps consist of release etches from the front and backside of the wafer to form surface and bulk-micromachining-like structures respectively, and the formation of a top capacitive electrode. To ensure that the sealed cavity plate can withstand the high temperature thermal cycles typically seen in IC fabrication, it is formed by wafer bonding in a controlled ambient to achieve a reduced gas pressure inside the cavity. A model of the sealed cavity was developed to determine geometries and bonding conditions necessary to avoid plastic deformation. Plates with unconstrained as well as constrained downward deflections were considered in the model, which was incorporated into a simulation program to predict the onset temperature of plastic deformation for any square or circular cavity. The model was experimentally verified by means of defect studies on sealed cavity plates undergoing various high temperature anneals. The feasibility of the MEMSCMOS process was demonstrated with the fabrication of a testchip containing a variety of electrical and mechanical test structures, all of which were successfully operated confirming that there was minimal impact on device performance as a result of the merged process steps. The mechanical test structures incorporated both surface and bulk-micromachining-like devices, none of which showed any evidence of plastic deformation. The process was also transferred to a commercial production facility at Motorola. A capacitive pressure sensor was fabricated and tested in two modes of operation, conventional and touchmode. It was also combined and tested with a sensing and calibration circuit in two forms, hybrid and integrated. Discrete devices were combined with a separate sensing chip in a hybrid package, and an integrated sensor-circuit chip exercising the complete MEMSCMOS process was also fabricated. Thesis Supervisor: Martin A. Schmidt Title: Associate Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science","abstract_count":422,"abstract_language":"en","abstract_perplexity":-13.694488481142688,"extfieldsofstudy":["Computer Science","Engineering"],"provenance":"pes2o_v2-0001.json.gz:2256287","s2fieldsofstudy":["Engineering"],"sha1":"3b6e832e4d88f76a0a1050ef143827844342aef2","sources":["MAG","DBLP","ScienceParseMerged","Anansi"],"title":"Integrated silicon pressure sensors using wafer bonding technology","title_count":8,"title_language":"en","title_perplexity":-14.747068857463404,"top_frequencies":[{"count":23,"token":"the"},{"count":22,"token":"of"},{"count":15,"token":"and"},{"count":14,"token":"a"},{"count":9,"token":"to"},{"count":9,"token":"was"},{"count":7,"token":"with"},{"count":7,"token":"in"},{"count":6,"token":"The"},{"count":6,"token":"process"},{"count":5,"token":"as"},{"count":4,"token":"using"},{"count":4,"token":"wafer"},{"count":4,"token":"bonding"},{"count":4,"token":"devices"},{"count":4,"token":"integrated"},{"count":4,"token":"mechanical"},{"count":4,"token":"MEMSCMOS"},{"count":4,"token":"which"},{"count":4,"token":"sealed"},{"count":4,"token":"cavity"},{"count":3,"token":"silicon"},{"count":3,"token":"pressure"},{"count":3,"token":"sensors"},{"count":3,"token":"incorporated"},{"count":3,"token":"capacitive"},{"count":3,"token":"is"},{"count":3,"token":"that"},{"count":3,"token":"temperature"},{"count":3,"token":"plastic"},{"count":3,"token":"were"},{"count":3,"token":"also"},{"count":2,"token":"sensor"},{"count":2,"token":"or"},{"count":2,"token":"for"},{"count":2,"token":"fabrication"},{"count":2,"token":"It"},{"count":2,"token":"formation"},{"count":2,"token":"variety"},{"count":2,"token":"structures,"},{"count":2,"token":"into"},{"count":2,"token":"circuit"},{"count":2,"token":"micromachining"},{"count":2,"token":"surface"},{"count":2,"token":"bulk-micromachining-like"},{"count":2,"token":"structures"},{"count":2,"token":"high"},{"count":2,"token":"by"},{"count":2,"token":"cavity."},{"count":2,"token":"A"},{"count":2,"token":"model"},{"count":2,"token":"deformation."},{"count":2,"token":"any"},{"count":2,"token":"on"},{"count":2,"token":"test"},{"count":2,"token":"tested"},{"count":2,"token":"two"},{"count":2,"token":"combined"},{"count":2,"token":"sensing"},{"count":2,"token":"hybrid"},{"count":2,"token":"chip"},{"count":1,"token":"Integrated"},{"count":1,"token":"technology"},{"count":1,"token":"Many"},{"count":1,"token":"electronic"},{"count":1,"token":"interact"},{"count":1,"token":"external"},{"count":1,"token":"world"},{"count":1,"token":"through"},{"count":1,"token":"actuators."},{"count":1,"token":"widespread"},{"count":1,"token":"use"},{"count":1,"token":"such"},{"count":1,"token":"has"},{"count":1,"token":"fueled"},{"count":1,"token":"interest"},{"count":1,"token":"designing"},{"count":1,"token":"\"smart\""},{"count":1,"token":"signal"},{"count":1,"token":"processing"},{"count":1,"token":"circuitry"},{"count":1,"token":"basic"},{"count":1,"token":"actuator."},{"count":1,"token":"This"},{"count":1,"token":"thesis"},{"count":1,"token":"describes"},{"count":1,"token":"development"},{"count":1,"token":"microelectromechanical"},{"count":1,"token":"single"},{"count":1,"token":"crystal"},{"count":1,"token":"material,"},{"count":1,"token":"referred"},{"count":1,"token":"process."},{"count":1,"token":"enables"},{"count":1,"token":"including"},{"count":1,"token":"those"},{"count":1,"token":"detection"},{"count":1,"token":"often"},{"count":1,"token":"require"},{"count":1,"token":"on-chip"}],"year":1997},"source":"s2","version":"v3-fos"}
| 534 |
pes2o-6075709
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The smad5 mutation somitabun blocks Bmp2b signaling during early dorsoventral patterning of the zebrafish embryo.
Signaling by members of the TGFbeta superfamily is thought to be transduced by Smad proteins. Here, we describe a zebrafish mutant in smad5, designated somitabun (sbn). The dominant maternal and zygotic effect of the sbntc24 mutation is caused by a change in a single amino acid in the L3 loop of Smad5 protein which transforms Smad5 into an antimorphic version, inhibiting wild-type Smad5 and related Smad proteins. sbn mutant embryos are strongly dorsalized, similarly to mutants in Bmp2b, its putative upstream signal. Double mutant analyses and RNA injection experiments show that sbn and bmp2b interact and that sbn acts downstream of Bmp2b signaling to mediate Bmp2b autoregulation during early dorsoventral (D-V) pattern formation. Comparison of early marker gene expression patterns, chimera analyses and rescue experiments involving temporally controlled misexpression of bmp or smad in mutant embryos reveal three phases of D-V patterning: an early sbn- and bmp2b-independent phase when a coarse initial D-V pattern is set up, an intermediate sbn- and bmp2b-dependent phase during which the putative morphogenetic Bmp2/4 gradient is established, and a later sbn-independent phase during gastrulation when the Bmp2/4 gradient is interpreted and cell fates are specified.
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pes2o
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{"added":"2017-05-26T22:15:18.702Z","created":"1999-05-15T00:00:00.000Z","id":"324201","metadata":{"abstract":"Signaling by members of the TGFbeta superfamily is thought to be transduced by Smad proteins. Here, we describe a zebrafish mutant in smad5, designated somitabun (sbn). The dominant maternal and zygotic effect of the sbntc24 mutation is caused by a change in a single amino acid in the L3 loop of Smad5 protein which transforms Smad5 into an antimorphic version, inhibiting wild-type Smad5 and related Smad proteins. sbn mutant embryos are strongly dorsalized, similarly to mutants in Bmp2b, its putative upstream signal. Double mutant analyses and RNA injection experiments show that sbn and bmp2b interact and that sbn acts downstream of Bmp2b signaling to mediate Bmp2b autoregulation during early dorsoventral (D-V) pattern formation. Comparison of early marker gene expression patterns, chimera analyses and rescue experiments involving temporally controlled misexpression of bmp or smad in mutant embryos reveal three phases of D-V patterning: an early sbn- and bmp2b-independent phase when a coarse initial D-V pattern is set up, an intermediate sbn- and bmp2b-dependent phase during which the putative morphogenetic Bmp2\/4 gradient is established, and a later sbn-independent phase during gastrulation when the Bmp2\/4 gradient is interpreted and cell fates are specified.","abstract_count":190,"abstract_language":"en","abstract_perplexity":-16.56530259023961,"extfieldsofstudy":["Biology","Medicine"],"provenance":"pes2o_v2-0001.json.gz:2213178","s2fieldsofstudy":["Biology"],"sha1":"402ab035eedbb1f66b102f74f1555cdb8922bde5","sources":["Anansi","ScienceParseMerged","Medline","MAG"],"title":"The smad5 mutation somitabun blocks Bmp2b signaling during early dorsoventral patterning of the zebrafish embryo.","title_count":15,"title_language":"en","title_perplexity":-18.2245225452303,"top_frequencies":[{"count":10,"token":"and"},{"count":8,"token":"of"},{"count":6,"token":"the"},{"count":5,"token":"is"},{"count":5,"token":"a"},{"count":5,"token":"in"},{"count":4,"token":"during"},{"count":4,"token":"early"},{"count":4,"token":"mutant"},{"count":3,"token":"Bmp2b"},{"count":3,"token":"by"},{"count":3,"token":"to"},{"count":3,"token":"Smad5"},{"count":3,"token":"an"},{"count":3,"token":"sbn"},{"count":3,"token":"phase"},{"count":2,"token":"The"},{"count":2,"token":"mutation"},{"count":2,"token":"somitabun"},{"count":2,"token":"signaling"},{"count":2,"token":"dorsoventral"},{"count":2,"token":"zebrafish"},{"count":2,"token":"Smad"},{"count":2,"token":"proteins."},{"count":2,"token":"which"},{"count":2,"token":"embryos"},{"count":2,"token":"are"},{"count":2,"token":"putative"},{"count":2,"token":"analyses"},{"count":2,"token":"experiments"},{"count":2,"token":"that"},{"count":2,"token":"pattern"},{"count":2,"token":"D-V"},{"count":2,"token":"sbn-"},{"count":2,"token":"when"},{"count":2,"token":"Bmp2\/4"},{"count":2,"token":"gradient"},{"count":1,"token":"smad5"},{"count":1,"token":"blocks"},{"count":1,"token":"patterning"},{"count":1,"token":"embryo."},{"count":1,"token":"Signaling"},{"count":1,"token":"members"},{"count":1,"token":"TGFbeta"},{"count":1,"token":"superfamily"},{"count":1,"token":"thought"},{"count":1,"token":"be"},{"count":1,"token":"transduced"},{"count":1,"token":"Here,"},{"count":1,"token":"we"},{"count":1,"token":"describe"},{"count":1,"token":"smad5,"},{"count":1,"token":"designated"},{"count":1,"token":"(sbn)."},{"count":1,"token":"dominant"},{"count":1,"token":"maternal"},{"count":1,"token":"zygotic"},{"count":1,"token":"effect"},{"count":1,"token":"sbntc24"},{"count":1,"token":"caused"},{"count":1,"token":"change"},{"count":1,"token":"single"},{"count":1,"token":"amino"},{"count":1,"token":"acid"},{"count":1,"token":"L3"},{"count":1,"token":"loop"},{"count":1,"token":"protein"},{"count":1,"token":"transforms"},{"count":1,"token":"into"},{"count":1,"token":"antimorphic"},{"count":1,"token":"version,"},{"count":1,"token":"inhibiting"},{"count":1,"token":"wild-type"},{"count":1,"token":"related"},{"count":1,"token":"strongly"},{"count":1,"token":"dorsalized,"},{"count":1,"token":"similarly"},{"count":1,"token":"mutants"},{"count":1,"token":"Bmp2b,"},{"count":1,"token":"its"},{"count":1,"token":"upstream"},{"count":1,"token":"signal."},{"count":1,"token":"Double"},{"count":1,"token":"RNA"},{"count":1,"token":"injection"},{"count":1,"token":"show"},{"count":1,"token":"bmp2b"},{"count":1,"token":"interact"},{"count":1,"token":"acts"},{"count":1,"token":"downstream"},{"count":1,"token":"mediate"},{"count":1,"token":"autoregulation"},{"count":1,"token":"(D-V)"},{"count":1,"token":"formation."},{"count":1,"token":"Comparison"},{"count":1,"token":"marker"},{"count":1,"token":"gene"},{"count":1,"token":"expression"},{"count":1,"token":"patterns,"},{"count":1,"token":"chimera"}],"year":1999},"source":"s2","version":"v3-fos"}
| 328 |
flan-28155649
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Most potash deposits in North America are found in Canada, especially, Saskatchewan.
Translate to French. La plupart des gisements de potasse d’Amérique du Nord se trouvent au Canada, principalement en Saskatchewan.
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flan
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{"attributes":{"dedupe_ngrams_8_1_all_train":[[0.0,85.0,0.0],[86.0,217.0,0.0]],"paloma_paragraphs":[]},"id":"572068ae319dbdfc26436fe52cae7bdc","metadata":{"_replicate":0,"_task_name":"wmt14_translate\/fr-en:1.0.0","_task_source":"Flan2021","_template_idx":0,"_template_type":"zs_opt","provenance":"60M-shots_all-upweight_1-dialog_false-sep_rulebased-train-0142.json.gz:273769"},"source":"flan_v2"}
| 52 |