ComplexDataLab/cdl-data-chai-enwiki-20250520

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Draft:Medieval Albanian army	Legacy	Legacy The medieval Albanian army is a symbol of national pride and resilience. Its legacy is reflected in Albanian folklore, literature, and national symbols, including the black double-headed eagle on the national flag.
Draft:Medieval Albanian army	Gallery	Gallery
Draft:Medieval Albanian army	See also	See also Skanderbeg League of Lezhë Albanian–Ottoman Wars (1432–1479) History of Albania Albanian principalities
Draft:Medieval Albanian army	References	References
Draft:Medieval Albanian army	Table of Content	AfC submission, Historical background, Organization and structure, Armament and equipment, Tactics and warfare, Notable campaigns, Decline, Legacy, Gallery, See also, References
Somaya	'''Somaya'''	Somaya is a surname and a given name. Notable people with the name include: Given name: Somaya Bousaid (born 1980), Tunisian Paralympian athlete Somaya Faruqi (born 2002), Afghan student, engineer, captain of the Afghan Girls Robotics Team Shilpi Somaya Gowda, award-winning bestselling Canadian author Somaya Al Jowder (born 1960), Bahraini physician and politician Somaya El Khashab (born 1966), Egyptian actress and singer Somaya Ramadan (1951–2024), Egyptian academic, translator and writer Surname: Brinda Somaya (born 1949), Indian architect and urban conservationist M. M. Somaya (born 1959), Indian field hockey player
Somaya	Table of Content	'''Somaya'''
Chak 138 SB	Infobox settlement	Chak 138 SB is a village in Sillanwali Tehsil, Sargodha District, Punjab, Pakistan. According to the 2017 census, it has a population of 10,790.
Chak 138 SB	References	References Category:Populated places in Sargodha District
Chak 138 SB	Table of Content	Infobox settlement , References
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Chak 152 NB	Infobox settlement	Chak 152 NB is a village in Sillanwali Tehsil, Sargodha District, Punjab, Pakistan. According to the 2017 census, it has a population of 5,420.
Chak 152 NB	References	References Category:Populated places in Sargodha District
Chak 152 NB	Table of Content	Infobox settlement , References
Chak 48 SB	Infobox settlement	Chak 48 SB is a village in Sillanwali Tehsil, Sargodha District, Punjab, Pakistan. According to the 2017 census, it has a population of 3,813.
Chak 48 SB	References	References Category:Populated places in Sargodha District
Chak 48 SB	Table of Content	Infobox settlement , References
Draft:Complete List of Prerequisites for Every Chapter in JEE	AfC submission
Draft:Complete List of Prerequisites for Every Chapter in JEE	Complete List of Prerequisites for Every Chapter in JEE	Complete List of Prerequisites for Every Chapter in JEE This page outlines the prerequisite knowledge required for various chapters in the JEE (Joint Entrance Examination) syllabus for Physics, Chemistry, and Mathematics. Certain chapters require fundamental concepts to be understood beforehand. Chapters are labeled as follows: - (H) – Hard Prerequisite: Cannot be studied without these chapters. - (S) – Soft Prerequisite: Not strictly necessary but helpful; formulas or ideas often re-taught by teachers. The label "Basics" indicates foundational chapters that are ideally studied early to build problem-solving ability and conceptual clarity. __Note__: Students are encouraged to follow their coaching institute or school's teaching sequence. However, this list can be useful for backlog management or independent study planning.
Draft:Complete List of Prerequisites for Every Chapter in JEE	Physics	Physics 1. Work, Power, and Energy – Basics 2. Centre of Mass – Work, Power, and Energy (H) 3. Rotation – Work, Power, and Energy (H), Centre of Mass (H) 4. Gravitation – Work, Power, and Energy with Circular Motion (H) 5. Fluids – Basics 6. Elasticity – Basics, Fluids (S) 7. Kinetic Theory of Gases and Thermodynamics – Basics 8. Thermal Properties – No prerequisites 9. Simple Harmonic Motion – Basics 10. Waves – SHM equations and properties (S) 11. Electrostatics – Basics 12. Capacitors – Electrostatics (H) 13. Current Electricity – Electrostatics (S) 14. Magnetism – Electrostatics (H), Current Electricity (S) 15. Electromagnetic Induction – Electrostatics (H), Magnetism (H), Current Electricity (H) 16. Alternating Current – EMI (S) 17. Electromagnetic Waves – No prerequisites (just formulae) 18. Ray Optics – No prerequisites 19. Wave Optics – Waves (S) 20. Modern Physics – No prerequisites 21. Semiconductors and Communication Systems – No prerequisites
Draft:Complete List of Prerequisites for Every Chapter in JEE	Chemistry	Chemistry 1. States of Matter – Basics 2. Thermodynamics – States of Matter (S) 3. Chemical Equilibrium – Basics 4. Ionic Equilibrium – Chemical Equilibrium (H) 5. Redox Reactions – Basics 6. Hydrogen, S-block, P-block (Class 11) – Basics 7. General Organic Chemistry – Basics 8. Hydrocarbons – General Organic Chemistry (H) 9. Environmental Chemistry – No prerequisites 10. Solid State – No prerequisites 11. Solutions – No prerequisites 12. Electrochemistry – Thermodynamics (S), Equilibrium (S) 13. Chemical Kinetics – No prerequisites 14. Metallurgy, P-block, D- and F-block – Basics 15. Coordination Compounds – Basics, especially Chemical Bonding (H) 16. Biomolecules – Organic Chemistry (S) 17. Polymers – No prerequisites 18. Chemistry in Everyday Life – No prerequisites 19. Salt Analysis – S-block, P-block, D-block (S) __Note__: Organic chapters should be studied in order as taught in class or textbooks.
Draft:Complete List of Prerequisites for Every Chapter in JEE	Mathematics	Mathematics 1. Sequence and Series – Basics 2. Trigonometry – Basics 3. Complex Numbers – Quadratic (H), Trigonometry (S), Coordinate Geometry for geometric interpretation (S) 4. Permutations and Combinations – No prerequisites 5. Binomial Theorem – No prerequisites 6. Straight Lines – Basics 7. Circles – Straight Lines (H) 8. Conic Sections (Parabola, Ellipse, Hyperbola) – Circles (H), Straight Lines (H) 9. Calculus: a. Relations and Functions – Basics b. Limits – Relations and Functions (H) c. Continuity – Limits (H) d. Differentiability – Continuity (H) e. Differentiation – Differentiability (H) f. Indefinite Integration – Differentiation (H) g. Definite Integration – Indefinite Integration (H) h. Differential Equations – Definite Integration (H) 10. Vectors – No prerequisites 11. Three-Dimensional Geometry – Vectors (H) 12. Probability – Permutations and Combinations (S) 13. Mathematical Reasoning – No prerequisites 14. Statistics – No prerequisites
Draft:Complete List of Prerequisites for Every Chapter in JEE	References	References This list is based on experience from multiple JEE mentors and curated student learning paths. It is not an official NTA or NCERT document.
Draft:Complete List of Prerequisites for Every Chapter in JEE	See Also	See Also Joint Entrance Examination National Testing Agency JEE Advanced National Council of Educational Research and Training
Draft:Complete List of Prerequisites for Every Chapter in JEE	References	References
Draft:Complete List of Prerequisites for Every Chapter in JEE	Table of Content	AfC submission, Complete List of Prerequisites for Every Chapter in JEE, Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, References, See Also, References
Chak 49 SB	Infobox settlement	Chak 49 SB is a village in Sillanwali Tehsil, Sargodha District, Punjab, Pakistan. According to the 2017 census, it has a population of 1,853.
Chak 49 SB	References	References Category:Populated places in Sargodha District
Chak 49 SB	Table of Content	Infobox settlement , References
Palace of the Minister of Treasury	Short description	The Palace of the Minister of Treasury () is a neoclassical palace in Warsaw, Poland, located at 3 and 5 Bank Square, within the North Downtown neighbourhood. It houses the Masovian Voivodeship Sejmik, and together with nearby Palace of the Government Commission of Revenues and Treasury, forms the city hall complex and office of the mayor. The building was designed by Antonio Corazzi, and opened in 1830.
Palace of the Minister of Treasury	History	History thumb\|250px\|left\|The Palace of the Minister of Treasury on an 1833 painting by Wincenty Kasprzycki. The building was designed by architect Antonio Corazzi, and constructed between 1825 and 1830. It was built next to the Bank Square, in place of the Ogiński Palace, and between the Palace of the Government Commission of Revenues and Treasury and the Stock Exchange and Bank of Poland Building.Tadeusz S. Jaroszewski: Księga pałaców Warszawy. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Interpress, 1985, p. 86. ISBN 83-223-2047-7. (in Polish) It became the residence of the minister of state treasury Franciszek Ksawery Drucki-Lubecki.Juliusz A. Chrościcki, Andrzej Rottermund: Atlas architektury Warszawy. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Arkady, 1977, p. 59. (in Polish) From the 1870s to 1915, it hosted the Russian-language 1st All-Female Middle School. Is September 1918, the building begun being adopted to house the State Council of Poland, however it was resolved in October of that year, before the building was ready. It was later proposed for it to house the Seym, the lower house of the Parliament of Poland, instead, however the idea was abandoned.Małgorzata Omilanowska: "Bierwsza siedziba Sejmu II Rzeczypospolitej. Addenda et corrigenda". [in:] Biuletyn Historii Sztuki. Vol. 83, no. 1, pp. 122–123, 2021. (in Polish) It was renovated between 1920 and 1921, in accordance to project by Marian Lelewicz, and together with the neighbouring Palace of the Government Commission of Revenues and Treasury, it was the headquarters of the Ministry of State Treasury until 1939, then having its adress listed as 3 and 5 Rymarska Street.Encyklopedia Warszawy. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, 1994, pp. 599, 601. ISBN 83-01-08836-2. (in Polish)Ryszard Mączewski: Warszawa między wojnami. Łódź: Księży Młyn, 2009, p. 16. ISBN 978-83-61253-51-8. (in Polish) The building was bombed and burned in September 1939 during the Second World War. It was rebuilt between 1950 and 1954, under the lead of architect Piotr Biegański. Together with nearby Palace of the Government Commission of Revenues and Treasury, it became the city hall and the seat of the presidium of the National Council of the Capital City of Warsaw, which in 1973, was replaced with the office of the mayor. Since 1998, it also houses the Masovian Voivodeship Sejmik. In 1951, in front of the building was unveiled the statue dedicated to Felix Dzerzhinsky, a 20th-century politican and communist revolutionary, as well as the leader of two Soviet secret police organizations, the Cheka and the OGPU. It was designed by Zbigniew Dunajewski.Wiesław Głębocki: Warszawskie pom2001. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo PTTK Kraj, 1990, p. 132. ISBN 83-7005-211-8. (in Polish) It was removed in 1989, and in 2001, in its place was unveiled the monument to Juliusz Słowacki, a 19th-century poet and writer, and a major figure in the Polish Romantic period, designed by Edward Wittig.Irena Grzesiuk-Olszewska: Warszawska rzeźba pomnikowa. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Neriton, 2003, p. 223. ISBN 83-88973-59-2. (in Polish)
Palace of the Minister of Treasury	Architecture	Architecture The neoclassical palace consists of a central rectangular three-storey portion, with a large extention extruding towards to the front. Short two-storey wings are located on the sides. A continuous two-storey arcades connect the fronts of the building sections that extend onto the square, enclosing the courtyard. In front of the palace stands the statue of Juliusz Słowacki, designed by Edward Wittig. The building is cojoined with thr Palace of the Government Commission of Revenues and Treasury and the Stock Exchange and Bank of Poland Building, forming the city hall complex. Its façade includeds five commemorative plaques, which are dedicated to: the Polish Jacobins, a political group which held its meeting at this location in 1774 during the Kościuszko Uprising (unveiled in 1952); Antonio Corazzi, architect of the building (unveiled in 1977); Franciszek Ksawery Drucki-Lubecki, the minister of state treasury of Poland from 1921 to 1930, and the first owner of the building; Eugeniusz Kwiatkowski, the minister of state treasury of Poland from 1926 to 1930, and the deputy prime minister of Poland from 1935 to 1939 (unveiled in 2000);Stanisław Ciepłowski: Wpisane w kamień i spiż. Inskrypcje pamiątkowe w Warszawie XVII–XX w. Warsaw: Argraf, 2004, pp. 32–33. ISBN 83-912463-4-5. (in Polish) and Piotr Michałowski, a 19th-century painter, and a clerk of the Government Commission of Revenues and Treasury from 1823 and 1831 (unveiled 2011).
Palace of the Minister of Treasury	References	References Category:1830 establishments in Poland Category:Government buildings completed in 1830 Category:Residential buildings completed in 1830 Category:School buildings completed in 1830 Category:Śródmieście Północne Category:Palaces in Warsaw Category:Neoclassical architecture in Poland Category:Neoclassical palaces in Poland Category:Objects of cultural heritage in Warsaw Category:Government buildings in Poland Category:Legislative buildings in Europe Category:City and town halls in Poland Category:Former school buildings Category:Buildings and structures demolished in 1939 Category:1939 disestablishments in Poland Category:1954 establishments in Poland Category:Government buildings completed in 1954 Category:Buildings and structures in Poland destroyed during World War II Category:Rebuilt buildings and structures in Poland Category:Restored and conserved buildings Category:Burned buildings and structures in Poland
Palace of the Minister of Treasury	Table of Content	Short description, History, Architecture, References
Draft:Neighborhood Institute	Infobox organization	The Neighborhood Institute is an American 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization headquartered in Ann Arbor, Michigan, and registered there as a charitable foundation.
Draft:Neighborhood Institute	Table of Content	Infobox organization
Mekhlu Baba	'''Mekhlu Baba'''	Mekhlu Baba (, ) or Mekhlu Vardapet () was an early 17th-century anti-clerical leader of a movement in the South Caucasus. He led a heterodox movement that challenged the authority of the Armenian Church and its monastic elite, advocating redistribution of land and a return to perceived evangelical purity. His activity peaked between 1614 and 1618, and his movement attracted the support of marginalised groups, rural communities, and segments of the New Julfa mercantile elite.
Mekhlu Baba	Early life and ordination	Early life and ordination His original name and birth date is unknown. According to the chronicler Zakaria of Kanaker, he was born in Ganja and was an ethnic Udi. He was described as a person with blue sunken eyes, a long and sharp nose, a freckled and pockmarked face, a reddish and thin beard, large and sparse teeth, short of stature and sharp-headed. According to Nerses Akinian's calculations, he entered the Catholicosate of Aghvank after 1606, under Catholicos Hovhannes of Gandzasar, who was confirmed by Shah Abbas I that year. He was trained at the clerical school in Gandzasar, learned psalmody and sacred music, and was ordained archdeacon. He later broke with the Church, was defrocked, and turned against the ecclesiastical order that had educated him. He later returned to his native Ganja. There, he shaved his head and beard, changed his appearance, and presented himself before local governor Davud Khan, whom Zakaria equated with Daud Khan Undiladze, a Safavid-appointed beylerbey of Ganja-Karabakh. According to him, Mekhlu falsely claimed he had been punished by the Catholicos for preaching in the name of the Prophet Muhammad, which was seen as a fabrication intended to provoke Muslim outrage against the Armenian Church. Davud Khan summoned Catholicos Hovhannes and ordered that Mekhlu’s ecclesiastical rank and clerical garments be restored, and gave him official permission to preach.
Mekhlu Baba	Doctrines and movement	Doctrines and movement Following his excommunication, Mekhlu presented himself as a vardapet without Church sanction. He adopted a deliberately provocative appearance — fashioning himself as a Christ-like figure, wearing a goat-hair cloak fastened by two nails, from which he earned the name Mekhlu (from + ) Baba by Muslims or Mekhlu Vardapet by Armenians. He assembled a sect which grew to over 500 members. He selected 12 armed lieutenants, modelled on the apostles, who accompanied him with swords and staffs. According to Zakaria, his sect had Turkic followers as well. He also compiled a book of his teachings, called "Book of Collections" () which included ideas like denial of clerical authority, especially of celibate monks (assertion that only married priests could properly celebrate the liturgy); rejection of Doctrine of Incarnation; Veneration of Cross, rejection of monastic landholding; emphasis on communal ownership and moral purity, as well as denunciation of wealth and luxury among the clergy. He refused food, clothing, or gifts, citing Gospel verses like “Take neither gold nor silver” and publicly humiliated monks. He was described by authors as a charismatic figure, who was eloquent in flattery, fast-talking and articulate. Reportedly, merchants from New Julfa supported Mekhlu, both ideologically and politically. According to Grigor Daranaghtsi, they secured firmans from Shah Abbas and local khans, granting Mekhlu authority to act against vardapets, bishops, and monks throughout South Caucasus and Iran. His enemies accused him of abusing these decrees to assault clergy and seize monastic property. According to Nerses Akinian, his rise coincided with the plague years of 1615–1621, particularly severe in Yerevan in 1618. Movement exploited public fear, threatening villages that refused to expel their clergy with divine punishment or outbreaks of disease. Zakaria records that Mekhlu’s preaching so deeply influenced his followers that some believed killing a monk could lead them to salvation. One such man, Hakob Tutakents from Kanaker, approached Mekhlu to confess his sins and ask for absolution. Mekhlu instructed him to murder a monk and bring back his flesh and blood, saying he would consume them as part of a liturgical ritual and, after resurrecting the victim in forty days, grant the man forgiveness. A claim which was made few centuries ago by Smbat Zarehavantsi, leader of Tondrakians. His movement soon reached Armenian populated regions of Syunik, Ayrarat, and Gegharkunik. In 1618, Mekhlu and his followers descended into Yerevan through Nork, aiming to gain official recognition from Amir-Guna Khan, the beylerbey of Chokhur-e Sa'd. The khan, initially mistaking the procession for an invading army, confronted Mekhlu. When asked what his group intended, Mekhlu replied that he is preaching truth. He claimed spiritual gifts and performed dramatic public gestures, including simulated flight from the walls of Erivan Fortress, saying that he intended to go to heaven. Armenian church accused him of blasphemy, heresy, manipulation of the ignorant, and fomenting social chaos. Formal letters were sent to warn communities and denounce his movement as a dangerous aberration. Upon meeting Amir-Guna Khan, Mekhlu opened his own scripture and read aloud his proof-text. The khan turned to regional priest Avetis, who accused Mekhlu of being "False Christ". Mekhlu was immediately arrested and thrown into a cistern, with the intent to drown him. He was rescued half-drowned, at Avetis' intercession, on the condition that he leave Safavid territory permanently.
Mekhlu Baba	Exile and disappearance	Exile and disappearance Escorted as far as the Nig district and exiled, Mekhlu travelled to Erzurum, declaring his intent to reach Jerusalem. However, he was intercepted by local Armenian clergy in Kiğı who forcibly tore off his monastic headdress and mantle. Arriving in Jerusalem, multiple complaints were submitted to Grigor Paron-Ter, who had Mekhlu imprisoned. He was released only after extensive pleas by Armenian pilgrims. From there, he reached Aleppo, and later Diyarbakir, brought by a merchant called Safar from Bayburt. According to Zakaria, he vanished from historical records later. However, he might have died . Zakaria noted that his followers later spread the rumour that when Amir Guna Khan struck him with his staff, the Khan’s face became distorted and his hands went limp.
Mekhlu Baba	Legacy	Legacy His movement was likened to Tondrakians and claimed to have been influenced by dualism. In Armenian clerical narratives, Mekhlu is portrayed as a deranged, demon-possessed heretic who disrupted ecclesiastical order, persecuted clergy, and incited chaos under a false messianic persona. His violence and defiance are depicted as threats to spiritual and communal stability. In contrast, the Soviet-era Armenian and Azerbaijani reinterpretations transformed Mekhlu into a popular leader of early peasant resistance against feudal exploitation in the early 17th century. His attacks on monasteries and clergy are no longer seen as heresy or sacrilege but rather as legitimate protests against the concentration of land and power in the hands of spiritual and secular feudal elites. The Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia entry emphasised his advocacy for the redistribution of monastic lands to village communities and his demand for property equality, framing him as an early class-conscious agitator. His symbolic attire of goat-hair rags fastened with two nails which was formerly seen as theatrical blasphemy, was reinterpreted as a conscious rejection of clerical luxury and hierarchy. The Soviet Azerbaijani version further emphasised his multi-ethnic support base of Armenians, Udis, and Azerbaijanis and framed his anti-clerical campaign in Karabakh and Ganja as part of a broader anti-feudal uprising. His later persecution by the Armenian Catholicos and forced exile from Yerevan is presented not as a triumph of order over heresy, but as the suppression of a progressive movement by religious and political authorities aligned with Safavid interests.
Mekhlu Baba	References	References
Mekhlu Baba	Sources	Sources Category:Armenian clergy Category:People from Ganja, Azerbaijan Category:17th-century people from Safavid Iran Category:17th-century deaths Category:Udi people
Mekhlu Baba	Table of Content	'''Mekhlu Baba''', Early life and ordination, Doctrines and movement, Exile and disappearance, Legacy, References, Sources
File:Scarlet Heart Thailand Cast First Read Through.jpg	Orphaned non-free revisions
File:Scarlet Heart Thailand Cast First Read Through.jpg	Summary	Summary
File:Scarlet Heart Thailand Cast First Read Through.jpg	Licensing	Licensing
File:Scarlet Heart Thailand Cast First Read Through.jpg	Table of Content	Orphaned non-free revisions, Summary, Licensing
White (2026 film)	Infobox film	White is an upcoming multi-language international thriller film directed by Montoo Bassi and produced by Siddharth Anand's Marflix Pictures and Mahaveer Jain Films. The film stars Vikrant Massey as Sri Sri Ravi Shankar and revolves around the story of how Colombia's brutal 52-year-long civil war was resolved--a largely untold chapter of modern peace-building.
White (2026 film)	Plot	Plot The film is described as a "global thriller" that explores the impact of Indian spiritual philosophy on global peace-building. It highlights how ancient wisdom, particularly Sri Sri Ravi Shankar's teachings, contributed to brokering peace in a country still healing from a brutal conflict. The story is presented as an untold chapter of modern peace-building, emphasizing the positive impact of spiritual guidance and non-violent dialogue.
White (2026 film)	Cast	Cast Vikrant Massey Jaideep Ahlawat Nikita Dutta
White (2026 film)	Production	Production The film is being produced by Marflix Pictures and Mahaveer Jain Films.
White (2026 film)	Release	Release The film will begin shooting in July 2025 and is set to be released in 2026.
White (2026 film)	References	References Category:2026 films Category:2020s Hindi-language films Category:2020s Indian films
White (2026 film)	Table of Content	Infobox film , Plot, Cast, Production, Release, References
Didac	wiktionary	Dídac is a given name. Notable people with the name include: Didac Costa (born 1980), ocean racing yachtsman Didac Devesa (born 1990), Spanish professional footballer Didac Rodriguez Gonzalez (born 1985), Spanish footballer Dídac Lee (born 1974), Spanish entrepreneur and Business Angel Didac Ortega (born 1982), Spanish professional cyclist Didac Pérez (born 1981), professional tennis player from Spain Dídac Pestaña Rodríguez (1958–2021), Spanish politician Didac Salas (born 1993), Spanish athlete specialising in the pole vault Dídac Sánchez, Spanish entrepreneur, founder of Eliminalia Dídac Abad de Santillan (1897–1983), Spanish Argentine economist Dídac Vilà (born 1989), Spanish professional footballer
Didac	Table of Content	wiktionary
Hezbollah Captagon smuggling to Saudi Arabia	'''Hezbollah Captagon smuggling to Saudi Arabia'''	Hezbollah Captagon smuggling to Saudi Arabia refers to the significant and multi-layered role it played in smuggling Captagon across the Middle East, particularly in facilitating the smuggling of the drug from Syria and Lebanon into Saudi Arabia and other Gulf states.
Hezbollah Captagon smuggling to Saudi Arabia	Hezbollah's Role in Captagon Trafficking	Hezbollah's Role in Captagon Trafficking Hezbollah, the Iran-backed Lebanese militant group, has been cited as a facilitator, providing protection for traffickers, enabling cross-border movement, and sometimes supplying ingredients for Captagon production. Its strong presence in the Beqaa Valley (Lebanon) and along the porous Lebanese-Syrian border has allowed it to control or turn a blind eye to smuggling operations. This involvement is reportedly a means to finance its operations, especially amid financial constraints due to international sanctions and reduced Iranian support.
Hezbollah Captagon smuggling to Saudi Arabia	Targetting Saudi Arabia	Targetting Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia is the largest consumer market for Captagon, reportedly consuming up to 50% of all production. Authorities in the kingdom regularly seize massive quantities of the drug; for example, 46 million pills were intercepted in a single operation in 2023. Despite increased enforcement, smuggling persists due to high demand and the adaptability of trafficking networks.
Hezbollah Captagon smuggling to Saudi Arabia	Smuggling routes and methods	Smuggling routes and methods Captagon production was primarily concentrated in Syria, where dozens of manufacturing and distribution sites were established, under control of the late Assad regime's Fourth Armored Division, led then by Maher al-Assad. The smuggling routes often traverse through Lebanon's Bekaa Valley, a region known for its lawlessness and Hezbollah's influence. Smugglers employ various concealment methods, such as hiding pills in fruits and vegetables shipments. Notably, in April 2021, Saudi authorities seized over 5 million Captagon pills hidden in pomegranate shipments from Lebanon, leading to a temporary ban on Lebanese produce imports.
Hezbollah Captagon smuggling to Saudi Arabia	Impact on Saudi Arabia and the Gulf	Impact on Saudi Arabia and the Gulf The influx of Captagon into Saudi Arabia poses significant public health and security challenges. The drug's popularity, particularly among the youth, has led to increased addiction rates and associated social issues. In response, Saudi Arabia has intensified its border security measures and imposed strict penalties for drug trafficking. The kingdom has also exerted diplomatic pressure on Lebanon to curb Hezbollah's activities and dismantle the drug networks.
Hezbollah Captagon smuggling to Saudi Arabia	Broader geopolitical implications	Broader geopolitical implications The Captagon trade has broader implications beyond drug trafficking. It serves as a financial lifeline for the Assad regime and Hezbollah, enabling them to sustain their operations despite international sanctions. Furthermore, the trade exacerbates regional tensions, with Gulf countries viewing it as a tool used by Iran and its proxies to destabilize the region. Efforts to combat the trade are complicated by the involvement of state and non-state actors, making it a persistent challenge for regional security.
Hezbollah Captagon smuggling to Saudi Arabia	Sanctions	Sanctions
Hezbollah Captagon smuggling to Saudi Arabia	United States	United States The U.S. Department of the Treasury has taken multiple actions against Hezbollah-affiliated individuals and entities involved in the Captagon trade. In October 2024, the U.S. sanctioned a Lebanon-based network that funneled millions of dollars to Hezbollah through illicit activities, including Captagon trafficking. These actions were taken under Executive Orders targeting terrorism and human rights abuses in Syria.
Hezbollah Captagon smuggling to Saudi Arabia	United Kingdom	United Kingdom The UK has also imposed sanctions on individuals linked to the Captagon trade. In March 2023, the UK sanctioned six individuals, including two Lebanese nationals, for their roles in manufacturing and trafficking Captagon. These sanctions were part of a coordinated effort with the U.S. to target the financial networks supporting Hezbollah and the Syrian regime.
Hezbollah Captagon smuggling to Saudi Arabia	Saudi Arabia	Saudi Arabia In April 2021, Saudi Arabia banned the import of Lebanese fruits and vegetables after seizing over 5 million Captagon pills hidden in pomegranate shipments from Lebanon. The Saudi government expressed concerns over the increasing drug smuggling operations linked to Hezbollah and demanded stronger measures from Lebanese authorities to combat the issue.
Hezbollah Captagon smuggling to Saudi Arabia	European Union	European Union While the European Union has designated Hezbollah's military wing as a terrorist organization, individual member states have taken further steps. Germany, for instance, banned Hezbollah entirely in April 2020, citing its involvement in criminal activities, including drug trafficking.
Hezbollah Captagon smuggling to Saudi Arabia	See also	See also Funding of Hezbollah Illegal drug trade in Lebanon
Hezbollah Captagon smuggling to Saudi Arabia	References	References Category:Hezbollah Category:Saudi Arabia Category:Drug traffickers Category:United States Category:Drug Enforcement Administration Category:European Union Category:Lebanon Category:Syria Category:Bashar al-Assad Category:Syrian civil war Category:Illegal drug trade
Hezbollah Captagon smuggling to Saudi Arabia	Table of Content	'''Hezbollah Captagon smuggling to Saudi Arabia''', Hezbollah's Role in Captagon Trafficking, Targetting Saudi Arabia, Smuggling routes and methods, Impact on Saudi Arabia and the Gulf, Broader geopolitical implications, Sanctions, United States, United Kingdom, Saudi Arabia, European Union, See also, References
Jens Jensen Berg	Short description	thumb\|Jens Jensen Berg. Jens Jensen Berg (29 September 1760-29 July 1813) was a Danish ship captain and businessman. He participated in the Triangle Trade. In the 1790s, he created an unrealized plan for improved cultivation and trade on the Danish Gold Coast.
Jens Jensen Berg	Early life and education	Early life and education thumb\|left\| The Royal Wajsen House on Nytorv in Copenhagen where Berg lived as a child.. Berg was born on 29 September 1760 in Saltum as the son of artisan smith (kunstsmed) Jens Hansen and Maren Westrup. He lost both his parents as an infant.His confirmation took place on 23 February 1772 in Saltum. After that, he was admitted to the Royal Wsjsen House (orphan age) in Copenhagen, where he won the attention of the inspectors, Christian Frederik Ursin and Poul Egede. He was subsequently afforded fre admission to the Navigational School, passing his navigational exams in 1776.
Jens Jensen Berg	Career at sea	Career at sea In 1776, he completed his first voyage to the Danish West Indies (under Capt. Morum). After another voyage to the Danish West Indies, he joined one of the Danish Asiatic Company's ships on a voyage to Canton by way of Tranquebar. The expedition lasted 20 months. He then spent around a year in the internal European trade, visiting ports in France, Spain and the netherlands. It was followed by another voyage to the Danish West Indies which saw him promoted to Sailing Master (overstyrmand). In 1782, Bergjoined the Danish GuineaWest Indies Company. He made the journey to the Danish Gold Coast in the company's frigate Christiansborg. He spent the next year as captain of a schooner, sailing up and down the coast, purchasing some 1,400 enslaved Africans. In 1774, he captained a slave ship to Saint Domingue. In 1785, he became captain of Christiansborg. He sailed from the Danish Gold Coast on 7 October 1786 with a cargo of 452 enslaved Africans. Two days later, in the early morning hours, a slave rebellion broke out on board the ship. After three hours, Berg and his men managed to regain control of the ship. 34 of the enslaved Africans were killed. No crew members were killed but the Sailing Master (overstyrmand) and ship's doctor were seriously injured . The ship's doctor Paul Isert would later describe the events in a book published in 1788. The book contained fierce criticism of the trans-Atlantic slave voyages as well as slavery in general. thumb\|The Fredensborg in 1788. In 1788, Berg was appointed as captain of Fredensborg. The Fredensborg continued after around a year at the Danish Gold Coast to Saint Croix in the Danish West Indies witgh a cargo of 301 enslaved Africans.From there, it returned to Copenhagen with a cargo of raw sugar. Berg's next employment was on land. In his capacity of ekvipagemester for a local shipping company in Copenhagen.He was responsible for the maintenance and fitting-out of the company's ships as well as overseeing its shipyard, warehouses and ropewalk. In 1791, Berg was appointed as captain of Duntzfelt& Co.'s frigate Grev Schimmelmann on a voyage to the East Indies. The ship called at Madras and Calcutta and the Nicobar Islands before returning to Copenhagen three years later. In 1795-1796, he returned to India in the same ship. In 1795, together with Duntzfelt & Co., Berg acquired the decommissioned naval frigate Hvide Ørn. In 1796, he captained her on a voyage to Tranquebar and other ports in the area. The expedition was an economic succes, allegedly four-doubling the invested capital.
Jens Jensen Berg	Later years in Copenhagen	Later years in Copenhagen thumb\|:Vigoline Berg, née Machold. After this voyage, Berg decided to stay in Copenhagen. He was licensed as a wholesaler (grosserer) and was also acrive as a commission agent. He was also able to buy a sugar refinery in Helsingør and made investments in more ships. Han blev i 1794 blevet gift med Vigoline Christine Machholt (1. april 1768-18. juni 1768), datter af Frederik Macholt (1735-1797) proviantinspektør ved dronning Sofie Magdalene hof og Sophie Hedvig Muusberg (død ca. 1772). Parret fik ud over Vigoline en søn Christian Macholt (9. oktober 1769- ). In 1794, Berg had married Vigoline Christine Machholt (1768-1768)- She was a daughter of Frederik Macholt (1735-1797) and Sophie Hedvig Muusberg (died c. 1772). Her father was employed as Provisions Inspector at Queen Sophia Magdalena's court. The couple had a daughter, Vigoline, and a son, Christian Macholt (1769-).<ref name="Berg"> Berg baught house at the corner of Vredgade and Fronningens Tværgade (now Dronningens Rværgade 3). During the first bombardment of Copenhagen in 1801, he was hit bu great losses. During the Gunboat Wat, he made a number of unsuccesful investments in privateering vessels. He was created a Knight in the Order of the Dannebrog. He died in 1813 and is buried at Assistens Cemetery.
Jens Jensen Berg	References	References
Jens Jensen Berg	Rxternal links	Rxternal links Source Category:18th-century Danish businesspeople Category:19th-century Danish businesspeople Category:18th-century Danish sailors Category:Sea captains Category:Danish slave traders Category:People from Jammerbugt Municipality Category:Businesspeople from Copenhagen Category:Knights of the Order of the Dannebrog Category:Burials at Assistens Cemetery (Copenhagen)
Jens Jensen Berg	Table of Content	Short description, Early life and education, Career at sea, Later years in Copenhagen, References, Rxternal links
John Almy Tompkins II	Short description	John Almy Tompkins II (1871 – May 21, 1941) was an American architect.
John Almy Tompkins II	Early life and education	Early life and education Tompkins was born in 1871 in Baltimore, Maryland to Brevet Brigadier General Charles Henry Tompkins Sr. and Jane Carr Tompkins. His father was a Brevet Brigadier General and Colonel for the Union Army from Rhode Island during the American Civil War. His uncle, John Almy Tompkins was a Lieutenant Colonel for the Union Army during the Civil War as well. Tompkins attended St. Paul's School in Concord, New Hampshire from 1883 to 1889. He then attended the Columbia Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation.
John Almy Tompkins II	Career	Career His architectural career began in 1894 upon completed of Columbia School of Architecture. He began the design of the St. Andrews Episcopal Church in New London, New Hampshire in 1905, and completed it in 1909, built in the Gothic architecture style. Tompkins, along with Grosvenor Atterbury, was given the commission for the model housing community of Forest Hills Gardens which began in 1909 under the sponsorship of the Russell Sage Foundation. He worked closely with Grosvenor Atterbury until his retirement in 1937 due to poor health. In 1912, the Russell Sage Foundation then commissioned them to build their headquarters and annex, which building was completed in 1913. The New York Landmarks Preservation Commission deemed the building a historic landmark on April 25, 2000. In 1915, they completed work on The Church-in-the-Gardens of the Forest Hills housing community. On December 11, 2009, the National Register of Historic Places of the United States Department of the Interior placed the building into the national register due to its cultural and architectural significance in New York City. His work was published in the 1910 edition of The Architectural Review for his design of a lake house at Sebago Lake in Maine. In 1920 (completed in 1924), they designed the buildings on Surprise Hills Farm (Swiss Village) on Beacon Hill Road, and is now part of Edgehill Farm, in Newport, Rhode Island, inspired by the rural vernacular architecture of Southern France and Northern Italy. The farm buildings are now part He was a member of the American Institute of Architects (AIA) since 1911 and a Fellow of the American Institute of Architects (FAIA) since 1930.
John Almy Tompkins II	Works	Works American Wing of the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Russell Sage Foundation Building. West Side Tennis Club. Restoration of New York City Hall. Phipps Model Apartments. St. Andrews Episcopal Church in New London, New Hampshire. Housing community center of Forest Hills, Long Island, through the Russell Sage Foundation. The Church-in-the-Gardens of Forest Hills, through the Russell Sage Foundation.
John Almy Tompkins II	Personal life	Personal life He died on May 21, 1941 in Forest Hills, New York.
John Almy Tompkins II	References	References Category:1871 births Category:1941 deaths Category:Columbia Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation alumni Category:Russell Sage Foundation
John Almy Tompkins II	Table of Content	Short description, Early life and education, Career, Works, Personal life, References
Marek Kowalski	Short description	Marek Kowalski is German is a German neutrino astronomer. He is professor at University Hamburg, at Humboldt University Berlin and working at Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY.
Marek Kowalski	Life	Life Kowalski studied Physics at Humbold University and gained a diploma in 1999. In 2003 he gained a Ph.D. with a Fellowship at DESY in Zeuthen and at Humboldt University Berlin. He worked as postdoctoral Reseacher and Research Scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in the supernova cosmology group of Saul Perlmutter. From 2006 to 2009 he was Emmy Noether Group Leader at Humboldt University. From 2009 to 2014 Kowalski was Professor of Physics at the University of Bonn and since that Professor of Physics at Humboldt University Berlin and Leading Scientist at DESY. He also is professor in Hamburg.
Marek Kowalski	Publications	Publications Marek Kowalski at WebOfScience
Marek Kowalski	References	References Category:Year of birth missing (living people) Category:Living people Category:21st-century German physicists
Marek Kowalski	Table of Content	Short description, Life, Publications, References
Draft:Knap's test	AfC submission/draft	The Knap's test is under evaluation.
Draft:Knap's test	Table of Content	AfC submission/draft
Draft:Vencomatic Group	AFC submission	Vencomatic Group is a company in the poultry industry that produces equipment for poultry housing, egg collection and handling, climate control solutions, and precision farming products. The company aims to make poultry husbandry sustainable by focusing on the well-being of birds and minimizing environmental impact.https://www.vencomaticgroup.com/
Draft:Vencomatic Group	History	History Vencomatic Group was founded in 1983 by Cor van de Ven with the design of the first automated breeder nest. Over the years, the company expanded its product range to include solutions for layers, breeders, broilers, and hatcheries. Since 2018, the second generation of the van de Ven family had been leading the business.
Draft:Vencomatic Group	Venco Campus	Venco Campus The company's headquarters, Venco Campus, is located in Eersel, The Netherlands. The building, known for its unique shape resembling the world's largest egg, serves as the innovation hub for poultry farming. In 2013, Venco Campus received the BREEAM Outstanding certificate for its energy efficiency, being three times better insulated and using three times less energy per square meter compared to traditional buildings.
Draft:Vencomatic Group	Global Presence	Global Presence Vencomatic Group operates globally with own locations in various countries including France, Spain, Asia, North America, South America, and the UK. In addition, 139 partners across 61 counties represent our products ranges. + 773 employees 28 nationalities 49 interns 26 apprenticeships 7 PhD projects at 6 European Universities
Draft:Vencomatic Group	Brands	Brands Vencomatic Group includes several brands:

Draft:Medieval Albanian army

Legacy

Legacy The medieval Albanian army is a symbol of national pride and resilience. Its legacy is reflected in Albanian folklore, literature, and national symbols, including the black double-headed eagle on the national flag.

Draft:Medieval Albanian army

Gallery

Draft:Medieval Albanian army

See Also

See Also Joint Entrance Examination National Testing Agency JEE Advanced National Council of Educational Research and Training

Draft:Complete List of Prerequisites for Every Chapter in JEE

References

Draft:Complete List of Prerequisites for Every Chapter in JEE

Table of Content

AfC submission, Complete List of Prerequisites for Every Chapter in JEE, Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, References, See Also, References

Chak 49 SB

Infobox settlement

Chak 49 SB is a village in Sillanwali Tehsil, Sargodha District, Punjab, Pakistan. According to the 2017 census, it has a population of 1,853.

Chak 49 SB

References

References Category:Populated places in Sargodha District

Chak 49 SB

Table of Content

Infobox settlement , References

Palace of the Minister of Treasury

Short description

The Palace of the Minister of Treasury () is a neoclassical palace in Warsaw, Poland, located at 3 and 5 Bank Square, within the North Downtown neighbourhood. It houses the Masovian Voivodeship Sejmik, and together with nearby Palace of the Government Commission of Revenues and Treasury, forms the city hall complex and office of the mayor. The building was designed by Antonio Corazzi, and opened in 1830.

Palace of the Minister of Treasury

History

History thumb|250px|left|The Palace of the Minister of Treasury on an 1833 painting by Wincenty Kasprzycki. The building was designed by architect Antonio Corazzi, and constructed between 1825 and 1830. It was built next to the Bank Square, in place of the Ogiński Palace, and between the Palace of the Government Commission of Revenues and Treasury and the Stock Exchange and Bank of Poland Building.Tadeusz S. Jaroszewski: Księga pałaców Warszawy. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Interpress, 1985, p. 86. ISBN 83-223-2047-7. (in Polish) It became the residence of the minister of state treasury Franciszek Ksawery Drucki-Lubecki.Juliusz A. Chrościcki, Andrzej Rottermund: Atlas architektury Warszawy. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Arkady, 1977, p. 59. (in Polish) From the 1870s to 1915, it hosted the Russian-language 1st All-Female Middle School. Is September 1918, the building begun being adopted to house the State Council of Poland, however it was resolved in October of that year, before the building was ready. It was later proposed for it to house the Seym, the lower house of the Parliament of Poland, instead, however the idea was abandoned.Małgorzata Omilanowska: "Bierwsza siedziba Sejmu II Rzeczypospolitej. Addenda et corrigenda". [in:] Biuletyn Historii Sztuki. Vol. 83, no. 1, pp. 122–123, 2021. (in Polish) It was renovated between 1920 and 1921, in accordance to project by Marian Lelewicz, and together with the neighbouring Palace of the Government Commission of Revenues and Treasury, it was the headquarters of the Ministry of State Treasury until 1939, then having its adress listed as 3 and 5 Rymarska Street.Encyklopedia Warszawy. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, 1994, pp. 599, 601. ISBN 83-01-08836-2. (in Polish)Ryszard Mączewski: Warszawa między wojnami. Łódź: Księży Młyn, 2009, p. 16. ISBN 978-83-61253-51-8. (in Polish) The building was bombed and burned in September 1939 during the Second World War. It was rebuilt between 1950 and 1954, under the lead of architect Piotr Biegański. Together with nearby Palace of the Government Commission of Revenues and Treasury, it became the city hall and the seat of the presidium of the National Council of the Capital City of Warsaw, which in 1973, was replaced with the office of the mayor. Since 1998, it also houses the Masovian Voivodeship Sejmik. In 1951, in front of the building was unveiled the statue dedicated to Felix Dzerzhinsky, a 20th-century politican and communist revolutionary, as well as the leader of two Soviet secret police organizations, the Cheka and the OGPU. It was designed by Zbigniew Dunajewski.Wiesław Głębocki: Warszawskie pom2001. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo PTTK Kraj, 1990, p. 132. ISBN 83-7005-211-8. (in Polish) It was removed in 1989, and in 2001, in its place was unveiled the monument to Juliusz Słowacki, a 19th-century poet and writer, and a major figure in the Polish Romantic period, designed by Edward Wittig.Irena Grzesiuk-Olszewska: Warszawska rzeźba pomnikowa. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Neriton, 2003, p. 223. ISBN 83-88973-59-2. (in Polish)

Palace of the Minister of Treasury

Architecture

Architecture The neoclassical palace consists of a central rectangular three-storey portion, with a large extention extruding towards to the front. Short two-storey wings are located on the sides. A continuous two-storey arcades connect the fronts of the building sections that extend onto the square, enclosing the courtyard. In front of the palace stands the statue of Juliusz Słowacki, designed by Edward Wittig. The building is cojoined with thr Palace of the Government Commission of Revenues and Treasury and the Stock Exchange and Bank of Poland Building, forming the city hall complex. Its façade includeds five commemorative plaques, which are dedicated to: the Polish Jacobins, a political group which held its meeting at this location in 1774 during the Kościuszko Uprising (unveiled in 1952); Antonio Corazzi, architect of the building (unveiled in 1977); Franciszek Ksawery Drucki-Lubecki, the minister of state treasury of Poland from 1921 to 1930, and the first owner of the building; Eugeniusz Kwiatkowski, the minister of state treasury of Poland from 1926 to 1930, and the deputy prime minister of Poland from 1935 to 1939 (unveiled in 2000);Stanisław Ciepłowski: Wpisane w kamień i spiż. Inskrypcje pamiątkowe w Warszawie XVII–XX w. Warsaw: Argraf, 2004, pp. 32–33. ISBN 83-912463-4-5. (in Polish) and Piotr Michałowski, a 19th-century painter, and a clerk of the Government Commission of Revenues and Treasury from 1823 and 1831 (unveiled 2011).

Palace of the Minister of Treasury

References

References Category:1830 establishments in Poland Category:Government buildings completed in 1830 Category:Residential buildings completed in 1830 Category:School buildings completed in 1830 Category:Śródmieście Północne Category:Palaces in Warsaw Category:Neoclassical architecture in Poland Category:Neoclassical palaces in Poland Category:Objects of cultural heritage in Warsaw Category:Government buildings in Poland Category:Legislative buildings in Europe Category:City and town halls in Poland Category:Former school buildings Category:Buildings and structures demolished in 1939 Category:1939 disestablishments in Poland Category:1954 establishments in Poland Category:Government buildings completed in 1954 Category:Buildings and structures in Poland destroyed during World War II Category:Rebuilt buildings and structures in Poland Category:Restored and conserved buildings Category:Burned buildings and structures in Poland

Palace of the Minister of Treasury

Table of Content

Short description, History, Architecture, References

Draft:Neighborhood Institute

Infobox organization

The Neighborhood Institute is an American 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization headquartered in Ann Arbor, Michigan, and registered there as a charitable foundation.

Draft:Neighborhood Institute

Table of Content

Infobox organization

Mekhlu Baba

'''Mekhlu Baba'''

Mekhlu Baba (, ) or Mekhlu Vardapet () was an early 17th-century anti-clerical leader of a movement in the South Caucasus. He led a heterodox movement that challenged the authority of the Armenian Church and its monastic elite, advocating redistribution of land and a return to perceived evangelical purity. His activity peaked between 1614 and 1618, and his movement attracted the support of marginalised groups, rural communities, and segments of the New Julfa mercantile elite.

Mekhlu Baba

Early life and ordination

Early life and ordination His original name and birth date is unknown. According to the chronicler Zakaria of Kanaker, he was born in Ganja and was an ethnic Udi. He was described as a person with blue sunken eyes, a long and sharp nose, a freckled and pockmarked face, a reddish and thin beard, large and sparse teeth, short of stature and sharp-headed. According to Nerses Akinian's calculations, he entered the Catholicosate of Aghvank after 1606, under Catholicos Hovhannes of Gandzasar, who was confirmed by Shah Abbas I that year. He was trained at the clerical school in Gandzasar, learned psalmody and sacred music, and was ordained archdeacon. He later broke with the Church, was defrocked, and turned against the ecclesiastical order that had educated him. He later returned to his native Ganja. There, he shaved his head and beard, changed his appearance, and presented himself before local governor Davud Khan, whom Zakaria equated with Daud Khan Undiladze, a Safavid-appointed beylerbey of Ganja-Karabakh. According to him, Mekhlu falsely claimed he had been punished by the Catholicos for preaching in the name of the Prophet Muhammad, which was seen as a fabrication intended to provoke Muslim outrage against the Armenian Church. Davud Khan summoned Catholicos Hovhannes and ordered that Mekhlu’s ecclesiastical rank and clerical garments be restored, and gave him official permission to preach.

Mekhlu Baba

Doctrines and movement

Doctrines and movement Following his excommunication, Mekhlu presented himself as a vardapet without Church sanction. He adopted a deliberately provocative appearance — fashioning himself as a Christ-like figure, wearing a goat-hair cloak fastened by two nails, from which he earned the name Mekhlu (from + ) Baba by Muslims or Mekhlu Vardapet by Armenians. He assembled a sect which grew to over 500 members. He selected 12 armed lieutenants, modelled on the apostles, who accompanied him with swords and staffs. According to Zakaria, his sect had Turkic followers as well. He also compiled a book of his teachings, called "Book of Collections" () which included ideas like denial of clerical authority, especially of celibate monks (assertion that only married priests could properly celebrate the liturgy); rejection of Doctrine of Incarnation; Veneration of Cross, rejection of monastic landholding; emphasis on communal ownership and moral purity, as well as denunciation of wealth and luxury among the clergy. He refused food, clothing, or gifts, citing Gospel verses like “Take neither gold nor silver” and publicly humiliated monks. He was described by authors as a charismatic figure, who was eloquent in flattery, fast-talking and articulate. Reportedly, merchants from New Julfa supported Mekhlu, both ideologically and politically. According to Grigor Daranaghtsi, they secured firmans from Shah Abbas and local khans, granting Mekhlu authority to act against vardapets, bishops, and monks throughout South Caucasus and Iran. His enemies accused him of abusing these decrees to assault clergy and seize monastic property. According to Nerses Akinian, his rise coincided with the plague years of 1615–1621, particularly severe in Yerevan in 1618. Movement exploited public fear, threatening villages that refused to expel their clergy with divine punishment or outbreaks of disease. Zakaria records that Mekhlu’s preaching so deeply influenced his followers that some believed killing a monk could lead them to salvation. One such man, Hakob Tutakents from Kanaker, approached Mekhlu to confess his sins and ask for absolution. Mekhlu instructed him to murder a monk and bring back his flesh and blood, saying he would consume them as part of a liturgical ritual and, after resurrecting the victim in forty days, grant the man forgiveness. A claim which was made few centuries ago by Smbat Zarehavantsi, leader of Tondrakians. His movement soon reached Armenian populated regions of Syunik, Ayrarat, and Gegharkunik. In 1618, Mekhlu and his followers descended into Yerevan through Nork, aiming to gain official recognition from Amir-Guna Khan, the beylerbey of Chokhur-e Sa'd. The khan, initially mistaking the procession for an invading army, confronted Mekhlu. When asked what his group intended, Mekhlu replied that he is preaching truth. He claimed spiritual gifts and performed dramatic public gestures, including simulated flight from the walls of Erivan Fortress, saying that he intended to go to heaven. Armenian church accused him of blasphemy, heresy, manipulation of the ignorant, and fomenting social chaos. Formal letters were sent to warn communities and denounce his movement as a dangerous aberration. Upon meeting Amir-Guna Khan, Mekhlu opened his own scripture and read aloud his proof-text. The khan turned to regional priest Avetis, who accused Mekhlu of being "False Christ". Mekhlu was immediately arrested and thrown into a cistern, with the intent to drown him. He was rescued half-drowned, at Avetis' intercession, on the condition that he leave Safavid territory permanently.

Mekhlu Baba

Exile and disappearance

Exile and disappearance Escorted as far as the Nig district and exiled, Mekhlu travelled to Erzurum, declaring his intent to reach Jerusalem. However, he was intercepted by local Armenian clergy in Kiğı who forcibly tore off his monastic headdress and mantle. Arriving in Jerusalem, multiple complaints were submitted to Grigor Paron-Ter, who had Mekhlu imprisoned. He was released only after extensive pleas by Armenian pilgrims. From there, he reached Aleppo, and later Diyarbakir, brought by a merchant called Safar from Bayburt. According to Zakaria, he vanished from historical records later. However, he might have died . Zakaria noted that his followers later spread the rumour that when Amir Guna Khan struck him with his staff, the Khan’s face became distorted and his hands went limp.

Mekhlu Baba

Legacy

Legacy His movement was likened to Tondrakians and claimed to have been influenced by dualism. In Armenian clerical narratives, Mekhlu is portrayed as a deranged, demon-possessed heretic who disrupted ecclesiastical order, persecuted clergy, and incited chaos under a false messianic persona. His violence and defiance are depicted as threats to spiritual and communal stability. In contrast, the Soviet-era Armenian and Azerbaijani reinterpretations transformed Mekhlu into a popular leader of early peasant resistance against feudal exploitation in the early 17th century. His attacks on monasteries and clergy are no longer seen as heresy or sacrilege but rather as legitimate protests against the concentration of land and power in the hands of spiritual and secular feudal elites. The Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia entry emphasised his advocacy for the redistribution of monastic lands to village communities and his demand for property equality, framing him as an early class-conscious agitator. His symbolic attire of goat-hair rags fastened with two nails which was formerly seen as theatrical blasphemy, was reinterpreted as a conscious rejection of clerical luxury and hierarchy. The Soviet Azerbaijani version further emphasised his multi-ethnic support base of Armenians, Udis, and Azerbaijanis and framed his anti-clerical campaign in Karabakh and Ganja as part of a broader anti-feudal uprising. His later persecution by the Armenian Catholicos and forced exile from Yerevan is presented not as a triumph of order over heresy, but as the suppression of a progressive movement by religious and political authorities aligned with Safavid interests.

Mekhlu Baba

References

Mekhlu Baba

Sources

Sources Category:Armenian clergy Category:People from Ganja, Azerbaijan Category:17th-century people from Safavid Iran Category:17th-century deaths Category:Udi people

Mekhlu Baba

Table of Content

'''Mekhlu Baba''', Early life and ordination, Doctrines and movement, Exile and disappearance, Legacy, References, Sources

File:Scarlet Heart Thailand Cast First Read Through.jpg

Orphaned non-free revisions

File:Scarlet Heart Thailand Cast First Read Through.jpg

Summary

File:Scarlet Heart Thailand Cast First Read Through.jpg

Licensing

File:Scarlet Heart Thailand Cast First Read Through.jpg

Table of Content

Orphaned non-free revisions, Summary, Licensing

White (2026 film)

Infobox film

White is an upcoming multi-language international thriller film directed by Montoo Bassi and produced by Siddharth Anand's Marflix Pictures and Mahaveer Jain Films. The film stars Vikrant Massey as Sri Sri Ravi Shankar and revolves around the story of how Colombia's brutal 52-year-long civil war was resolved--a largely untold chapter of modern peace-building.

White (2026 film)

Plot

Plot The film is described as a "global thriller" that explores the impact of Indian spiritual philosophy on global peace-building. It highlights how ancient wisdom, particularly Sri Sri Ravi Shankar's teachings, contributed to brokering peace in a country still healing from a brutal conflict. The story is presented as an untold chapter of modern peace-building, emphasizing the positive impact of spiritual guidance and non-violent dialogue.

White (2026 film)

Cast

Cast Vikrant Massey Jaideep Ahlawat Nikita Dutta

White (2026 film)

Production

Production The film is being produced by Marflix Pictures and Mahaveer Jain Films.

White (2026 film)

Release

Release The film will begin shooting in July 2025 and is set to be released in 2026.

White (2026 film)

References

References Category:2026 films Category:2020s Hindi-language films Category:2020s Indian films

White (2026 film)

Table of Content

Infobox film , Plot, Cast, Production, Release, References

Didac

wiktionary

Dídac is a given name. Notable people with the name include: Didac Costa (born 1980), ocean racing yachtsman Didac Devesa (born 1990), Spanish professional footballer Didac Rodriguez Gonzalez (born 1985), Spanish footballer Dídac Lee (born 1974), Spanish entrepreneur and Business Angel Didac Ortega (born 1982), Spanish professional cyclist Didac Pérez (born 1981), professional tennis player from Spain Dídac Pestaña Rodríguez (1958–2021), Spanish politician Didac Salas (born 1993), Spanish athlete specialising in the pole vault Dídac Sánchez, Spanish entrepreneur, founder of Eliminalia Dídac Abad de Santillan (1897–1983), Spanish Argentine economist Dídac Vilà (born 1989), Spanish professional footballer

Didac

Table of Content

wiktionary