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John Paul Jones (athlete) | References | References |
John Paul Jones (athlete) | External links | External links |
John Paul Jones (athlete) | Further reading | Further reading
Cordner Nelson and Roberto Quercetani: The Milers. Tafnews Press, 1985, , pp. 20–26
Category:1890 births
Category:1970 deaths
Category:American male middle-distance runners
Category:Baseball players from Washington, D.C.
Category:Olympic track and field athletes for the United States
Category:Olympic baseball players for the United States
Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1912 Summer Olympics
Category:Baseball players at the 1912 Summer Olympics
Category:World record setters in athletics (track and field)
Category:Cornell University College of Engineering alumni
Category:20th-century American sportsmen |
John Paul Jones (athlete) | Table of Content | short description, Biography, 1912 Olympics, Second mile record, References, External links, Further reading |
El Rufián | more citations needed | El Rufián is a 1961 Argentine film directed by Daniel Tinayre. |
El Rufián | Cast | Cast
Egle Martin ... Isabel-Florelle
Carlos Estrada ... Hector
Óscar Rovito ... Raul
Nathán Pinzón ... Andres
Aída Luz ... Berta
Aníbal Pardeiro ... Dr. Marco
Daniel de Alvarado ... Dr. Danieli
Nelly Beltrán
Cayetano Biondo
Homero Cárpena
Carlos Cotto
Lucio Deval ... Policia 1
Zulema Esperanza
Ovidio Fuentes
Eduardo de Labar
Carmen Llambí
Gaston Marchetto
Víctor Martucci
Inés Moreno
Luis Orbegozo
Gilberto Peyret ... Policía 2
Alberto Quiles
Martha Roldán
Orestes Soriani
Isidro Fernán Valdez
Oscar Valicelli ... Angel
Marcos Zucker |
El Rufián | External links | External links
Category:1961 films
Category:1960s Spanish-language films
Category:Argentine black-and-white films
Category:Films directed by Daniel Tinayre
Category:1960s Argentine films |
El Rufián | Table of Content | more citations needed, Cast, External links |
La patota (1960 film) | Infobox film
| La patota (Lunfardo for "The gang" or "The mob") is a 1960 Argentine melodrama film directed by Daniel Tinayre. The film focuses on Paulina Vidal Ugarte (Legrand), a young attractive teacher who takes a professorship at a night school located in a marginal area of Buenos Aires, where she is gang-raped by a group of students.
La patota was written by Eduardo Borrás and starred Tinayre's wife Mirtha Legrand. The film was in competition for the Golden Bear at the 11th Berlin International Film Festival, where Tinayre was given the C.I.D.A.L.C. Award. Now considered a modern movie classic, La patota was remade as Paulina by director Santiago Mitre in 2015, with Dolores Fonzi playing the main role. |
La patota (1960 film) | Cast | Cast
In alphabetical order
Miguel Beleirén - Alumno
André Braillard - Alumno
Alfonso De Grazia - Hombre en fiesta de graduación
Rafael Diserio - Médico
Patricio Farrell - Tito
Haydeé Larroca - Profesora 1
María Cristina Laurenz - Mujer en fiesta de graduación
Carmen Llambí - Telefonista
Juan Longobuco - Alumno
Gaston Marchetto - Alumno Morales
Susana Mayo - Enfermera
Alberto Puig - Alumno
Julio C. Quino - Raúl
Rogelio Romano - Policia
Sara Suter - Profesora 2
Isidro Fernán Valdez - Don Anselmo
Néstor Zabrini - Alumno |
La patota (1960 film) | Accolades | Accolades
+ List of awards and nominations Award Category Recipients Result11th Berlin International Film Festival Golden Bear La patota C.I.D.A.L.C. Award La patota Argentine Film Critics Association Best Supporting Actor Alberto Argibay |
La patota (1960 film) | References | References |
La patota (1960 film) | External links | External links
Category:1960 films
Category:1960s Spanish-language films
Category:Argentine black-and-white films
Category:Films about rape
Category:Films directed by Daniel Tinayre
Category:1960s Argentine films |
La patota (1960 film) | Table of Content | Infobox film
, Cast, Accolades, References, External links |
Las furias | short description | Las furias (Spanish for "the furies") is a 1960 Argentine drama film directed by Vlasta Lah, based on the 1950 play of the same name by Enrique Suárez de Deza. The first Argentine sound film directed by a woman, it was the directorial debut for Lah, who became the only woman film director in 1960s Latin America. Its cast is almost exclusively female, starring Mecha Ortiz, Olga Zubarry, Aída Luz, Alba Mujica and Elsa Daniel as characters whose name are not presented, being introduced as "the Mother", "the Lover", "the Wife", "the Sister" and "the Daughter", respectively.
In 2022, it was included in the list of The 100 Greatest Films of Argentine Cinema at number 50, a poll organized by the specialized magazines La vida útil, Taipei and La tierra quema, which was presented at the Mar del Plata International Film Festival. Also in 2022, the film was included in Spanish magazine Fotogramass list of the 20 best Argentine films of all time. |
Las furias | Premise | Premise
Five women (mother, wife, lover, sister, and daughter) strive to exert control over a man, ultimately pushing him to his demise. |
Las furias | Cast | Cast
Mecha Ortiz as the Mother
Olga Zubarry as the Lover
Aída Luz as the Wife
Alba Mujica as the Sister
Elsa Daniel as the Daughter
Guillermo Bredeston as the Boyfriend |
Las furias | References | References |
Las furias | External links | External links
Las furias at Cinenacional.com (in Spanish)
Category:1960 films
Category:1960s Spanish-language films
Category:Argentine black-and-white films
Category:1960s Argentine films
Category:Films scored by Astor Piazzolla |
Las furias | Table of Content | short description, Premise, Cast, References, External links |
File:AltPressMagCover.jpg | Summary | Summary |
File:AltPressMagCover.jpg | Licensing | Licensing |
File:AltPressMagCover.jpg | Table of Content | Summary, Licensing |
Jorvas railway station | Short description | Jorvas railway station is a railway halt on the Helsinki commuter rail network located in the town of Kirkkonummi, Finland, between the Masala and Tolsa stations. The station is served by Helsinki commuter rail and trains. |
Jorvas railway station | History | History
Jorvas railway station originally a small stop (known as laituri in the old classification of railway stations in Finland used until 1969) operating under the Masala railway station. The Plattformskjul III-type station building designed by architect Bruno Granholm was completed in 1903 and expanded in 1933 with the plans of architect Jarl Ungern. The station remained in the Porkkala Naval Base leased to Soviet Union in 1944 and was re-opened for Finnish train traffic in 1956, as the naval base was returned to Finland.
After the re-opening, the station functioned as a laiturivaihde (an non-independent, staffed station, usually operating under another nearby station, serving both passenger and freight traffic) for a short while in 1961–1968 and after that as a seisakevaihde (an unstaffed stop for both passenger and freight traffic). Freight traffic at the station ceased in 1987. The station building has since been demolished. |
Jorvas railway station | Connections | Connections
line trains (Helsinki–Kirkkonummi–Helsinki)
line trains (Helsinki–Kirkkonummi–Helsinki, nighttime) |
Jorvas railway station | Departure tracks | Departure tracks
Jorvas railway station has two staggered platform tracks.
Track 1 is used by commuter trains and to Kirkkonummi.
Track 2 is used by commuter trains and to Helsinki.
Jorvas - Train Departures - Fintraffic, junalahdot.fi. Retrieved 2025-01-27. |
Jorvas railway station | References | References
Category:Railway stations in Uusimaa
Category:Kirkkonummi |
Jorvas railway station | Table of Content | Short description, History, Connections, Departure tracks, References |
Questo amore ai confini del mondo | Infobox film
| Questo amore ai confini del mondo () is a 1960 Argentine-Italian film directed by Giuseppe Maria Scotese. |
Questo amore ai confini del mondo | Plot | Plot
In Terra del Fuoco, Françoise is having trouble adapting to her life as the wife of the rich breeder Claudio. She married him only out of necessity, and does not love him. Claudio offered her a new life. When she arrives at the "estancias", she spurs jealousy, especially in Claudio's old girlfriend Mecha.
During a party, Walter arrives, an adventurous man who quickly falls in love with Françoise, despite her being married. Mecha is also interested in Walter, who has suddenly decided to leave the "estancias". However, months later, he returns, and Françoise falls in love with him as well, but he leaves again. Françoise tries to forget about him and get closer to her husband.
Later, Françoise and Claudio go to a ferry, but Walter is there. Françoise and Walter try to escape together to Chile, while Mecha and Claudio chase after them. Mecha shoots at them, wounding Walter, but he manages to drag Françoise and him across the border. Claudio watches them leave. |
Questo amore ai confini del mondo | Cast | Cast
Antonio Cifariello as Walter
Dominique Wilms as Françoise
Fausto Tozzi as Claudio
Egle Martin as Mecha |
Questo amore ai confini del mondo | References | References |
Questo amore ai confini del mondo | External links | External links
Category:1960 films
Category:1960s Spanish-language films
Category:Argentine black-and-white films
Category:Films directed by Giuseppe Maria Scotese
Category:1960s Argentine films
Category:Western (genre) cavalry films
Category:Italian black-and-white films |
Questo amore ai confini del mondo | Table of Content | Infobox film
, Plot, Cast, References, External links |
Un Guapo del '900 | For | Un Guapo del '900 is a 1960 Argentine drama film directed by Leopoldo Torre Nilsson. |
Un Guapo del '900 | Cast | Cast
Alfredo Alcón as Ecuménico López
Arturo García Buhr as Alejo Garay
Elida Gay Palmer as Edelmira Carranza de Garay
Lydia Lamaison as Doña Natividad
Duilio Marzio as Clemente Ordóñez
Catalina Mora de Goldenhorn Betbeder as Doña Cata
Eduardo Jorge Goldenhorn as Don Eduardo
Susana Mayo
Beto Gianola
Eduardo Foglizzio
Ovidio Fuentes
Mario Rolla
Walter Soubrie
Oscar Matarrese
Francisco Iribarren |
Un Guapo del '900 | External links | External links
Category:1960 films
Category:1960s Spanish-language films
Category:Argentine black-and-white films
Category:1960 drama films
Category:Films directed by Leopoldo Torre Nilsson
Category:Films shot in Buenos Aires
Category:Films set in Buenos Aires
Category:1960s Argentine films |
Un Guapo del '900 | Table of Content | For, Cast, External links |
Template:Useracc | <span class="plainlinks userlinks"><span class="userlinks-username">[[User:{{{1<noinclude> | (talkcontribs[/wiki/Special:Log/newusers?page=User: account creation]) |
Template:Useracc | Table of Content | <span class="plainlinks userlinks"><span class="userlinks-username">[[User:{{{1<noinclude> |
File:GPHS-BuildingFront1.JPG | Summary | Summary
I took this picture myself. |
File:GPHS-BuildingFront1.JPG | Licensing | Licensing |
File:GPHS-BuildingFront1.JPG | Table of Content | Summary, Licensing |
File:MICEPrince&King2007d.jpg | Summary | Summary
Picture of King and Prince Mouse 2007, (L-R) Tony Lazenby (Prince) and Trevor Davies (King)
Photo taken by Dave Norman, used with kind permission. |
File:MICEPrince&King2007d.jpg | Licensing | Licensing |
File:MICEPrince&King2007d.jpg | Table of Content | Summary, Licensing |
File:GPHS-BuildingFront2.JPG | Summary | Summary
I took this picture myself. |
File:GPHS-BuildingFront2.JPG | Licensing | Licensing |
File:GPHS-BuildingFront2.JPG | Table of Content | Summary, Licensing |
File:GPHS-BuildingFront3.JPG | Summary | Summary
I took this picture myself. |
File:GPHS-BuildingFront3.JPG | Licensing | Licensing |
File:GPHS-BuildingFront3.JPG | Table of Content | Summary, Licensing |
File:Warlords battlecry 2.jpg | Summary | Summary
From The Russian Wikipedia. Box art for the game Warlords Battlecry II.
Rationale for this image:
Ubisoft has not released any such images to the public domain
The cover is used to represent a well known and significant video game
The image is a web-resolution image
The image is used to identify the subject of the article
The image does not limit Ubisoft's ability to sell the game
This image has been used in several websites, and so use on Wikipedia does not make it significantly more accessible or visible than it already is
The image is being used in an informative way and should not detract from the game
The only purpose of the image is to help describe the game Warlords Battlecry II and no other purpose |
File:Warlords battlecry 2.jpg | Licensing | Licensing
ru:Файл:Warlords battlecry 2.jpg |
File:Warlords battlecry 2.jpg | Table of Content | Summary, Licensing |
La maestra enamorada | more citations needed | La Maestra Enamorada is a 1961 Argentine film about a teacher who tries to save a school that is in danger of demolition. |
La maestra enamorada | Cast | Cast
Lolita Torres....María Elena Sánchez
Alejandro Rey....Raúl Ledesma, an engineer
Marcos Zucker....Ricardo Pereira
Héctor Calcaño....minister of Educación
Laura Hernández....minister's wife
María del Pilar Lebrón....mother of María Elena
María Armand....Aurelia
Eloísa Cañizares....bursar
Mateo Martínez
Aldo Braga....builder employee
Ricardo de Rosas
Ridi Da Silva
Julián R. Ros
Sandra Castel
Antonio Reales |
La maestra enamorada | External links | External links
Category:1961 films
Category:1960s Spanish-language films
Category:Argentine black-and-white films
Category:1960s Argentine films |
La maestra enamorada | Table of Content | more citations needed, Cast, External links |
Tapanila railway station | Short description | Tapanila (Finnish) or Mosabacka (Swedish) is a railway station in the Tapanila district of Helsinki, Finland. It is located between the stations of Malmi and Puistola, along the main railroad track from Helsinki to Riihimäki, about 13 kilometres northeast from the Helsinki Central railway station. |
Tapanila railway station | History | History
Tapanila railway station was opened as a small stop in 1907. The stop was originally named Vanda, but was renamed as Mosabacka already in the next year. The first station building was completed in 1910. A new station building was completed in 1939 but was moved to Pikku Huopalahti in 1991. Nowadays Tapanila has no station building. |
Tapanila railway station | Departure tracks | Departure tracks
Tapanila railway station has two platform tracks for passenger trains (3, 4). Track 1 has a short platform that is unused by the passenger trains that stop at the station and is no longer accessible.Platform 1 - Tapanila railway station, openstreetmap.org. Retrieved 2025-01-26.
Track 3 is used by trains to the Helsinki Airport as well as and trains towards Kerava.
Track 4 is used by , and trains to Helsinki.
Tapanila - Train Departures - Fintraffic, junalahdot.fi. Retrieved 2025-01-26.thumb|left|The former station building, now located in Pikku Huopalahti. |
Tapanila railway station | References | References
Category:Railway stations in Helsinki |
Tapanila railway station | Table of Content | Short description, History, Departure tracks, References |
The Hand in the Trap | Infobox film
| The Hand in the Trap () is a 1961 Argentine film directed by Leopoldo Torre Nilsson and starring Francisco Rabal, Elsa Daniel and Leonardo Favio. It was entered into the 1961 Cannes Film Festival, where it won the FIPRESCI Prize.
In a survey of the 100 greatest films of Argentine cinema carried out by the Museo del Cine Pablo Ducrós Hicken in 2000, the film reached the 17th position. In a new version of the survey organized in 2022 by the specialized magazines La vida útil, Taipei and La tierra quema, presented at the Mar del Plata International Film Festival, the film reached the 47th position. |
The Hand in the Trap | Plot | Plot
Laura is back home for the holidays after spending the entire year as a boarder at a convent school. Waiting for her are her mother and aunt, both professional embroiderers, living in a large, dark mansion. The prospect of a summer filled with boredom and loneliness looms, but this time, Laura, having matured, starts questioning the family secrets.
She's aware that there's a mysterious "guest" confined to the second floor of the house, whom she's forbidden to see. With the help of her suitor, Miguel, Laura attempts to catch a glimpse of this creature. However, merely seeing it won't unravel the mysteries. She must also uncover secrets involving an unknown aunt in the United States, her ex-partner, and the correspondence between her and her mother.
This journey leads her to rediscover old passions and confront past embarrassments, ultimately revealing the horror hidden within her own home. |
The Hand in the Trap | Cast | Cast
Elsa Daniel - Laura Lavigne
Francisco Rabal - Cristóbal Achával
Leonardo Favio - Miguel
María Rosa Gallo - Inés Lavigne
Berta Ortegosa - Laura's Mother
Hilda Suárez - Lisa Lavigne
Enrique Vilches - Postman |
The Hand in the Trap | References | References |
The Hand in the Trap | External links | External links
Category:1961 films
Category:1960s Spanish-language films
Category:1961 drama films
Category:Argentine black-and-white films
Category:Films directed by Leopoldo Torre Nilsson
Category:1960s Argentine films |
The Hand in the Trap | Table of Content | Infobox film
, Plot, Cast, References, External links |
Summer Skin (film) | short description | Summer Skin () is a 1961 Argentine film directed by Leopoldo Torre Nilsson. The film was selected as the Argentine entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 34th Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee.Margaret Herrick Library, Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences |
Summer Skin (film) | Cast | Cast
Alfredo Alcón as Martín
Graciela Borges as Marcela
Franca Boni as Jou-Jou
Pedro Laxalt as Alberto
Juan Jones as Marcos
Luciana Possamay as Adela |
Summer Skin (film) | See also | See also
List of submissions to the 34th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film
List of Argentine submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film |
Summer Skin (film) | References | References |
Summer Skin (film) | External links | External links
Category:1961 films
Category:1961 drama films
Category:1960s Spanish-language films
Category:Argentine black-and-white films
Category:Films directed by Leopoldo Torre Nilsson
Category:Argentine drama films
Category:1960s Argentine films |
Summer Skin (film) | Table of Content | short description, Cast, See also, References, External links |
Malpertuis | Short description | thumb|First edition(publ. Les Auteurs Associés)Cover artist:J. Lempereur
Malpertuis (1943) is a gothic horror novel by the Belgian author Jean Ray (1887–1964). |
Malpertuis | Premise | Premise
Malpertuis is a crumbling, ancient house where a dying warlock has trapped the aging Olympian gods inside the "skins" of ordinary Flemish citizens. |
Malpertuis | Structure | Structure
The novel is divided into four narratives:
The modern-day narrator (who remains unnamed) explains in a prologue that he stole the manuscripts that comprise the rest of the novel from the Convent of the White Penitents. In the epilogue, he locates Malpertuis, sees Eisengott and Old Mother Groulle in a tavern, enters the house, has a brief encounter with Euryale then flees.
The diary of Jean-Jacques Grandsire (also broken into two parts) that ends when he and Bets leave Malpertuis.
Doucedame the Elder's story of the capture of the Olympians; it has presumably been assembled by Doucedame the Younger.
Father Euchere (aka Dom Misseron) of the Convent of the White Penitents, and reveals the final fates of both Jean-Jacques Grandsire and Doucedame the Younger. |
Malpertuis | Film adaptation | Film adaptation
In 1971 the Belgian director Harry Kümel made a film adaptation of the novel, starring Orson Welles, Susan Hampshire and Mathieu Carrière. |
Malpertuis | In popular culture | In popular culture
Malpertuis is quoted in Ross J. Anderson's paper "Do you believe in Tinker Bell? The social externalities of trust", quoting (translated): "Men are not born of the whim or will of the gods, on the contrary, gods owe their existence to the belief of men. Should this belief wither, the gods will die."
A copy of the novel is prominently displayed on the coffee table of Haydée (Haydée Politoff) in Eric Rohmer's 1967 film La Collectionneuse. |
Malpertuis | References | References |
Malpertuis | External links | External links
A study of the novel
On the Dutch version
Category:1943 Belgian novels
Category:1940s horror novels
Category:1940s Gothic novels
Category:Belgian Gothic novels
Category:Belgian horror fiction
Category:Belgian speculative fiction novels
category:Belgian novels adapted into films
Category:Novels by Jean Ray
Category:Greek and Roman deities in fiction |
Malpertuis | Table of Content | Short description, Premise, Structure, Film adaptation, In popular culture, References, External links |
Template:POTD/2007-04-14 | POTD {{{1 | Category:Wikipedia Picture of the day April 2007 |
Template:POTD/2007-04-14 | Table of Content | POTD {{{1 |
The Romance of a Gaucho (film) | short description | The Romance of a Gaucho (Spanish:El Romance de un gaucho) is a 1961 Argentine drama film directed by Rubén W. Cavallotti and starring Walter Vidarte, Lydia Lamaison and Julia Sandoval. It is based on the 1930 novel of the same title by Benito Lynch. The film's sets were designed by Saulo Benavente. |
The Romance of a Gaucho (film) | Cast | Cast
Walter Vidarte
Lydia Lamaison
Julia Sandoval
Rolando Chaves
Guillermo Battaglia
Juan Carlos Lamas
Mario Casado
Margarita Corona
Silvia Nolasco
Mirtha Miller
Mariano Vidal Molina |
The Romance of a Gaucho (film) | External links | External links
Category:1961 films
Category:1961 Western (genre) films
Category:Argentine Western (genre) films
Category:1960s Spanish-language films
Category:Argentine black-and-white films
Category:Films directed by Rubén W. Cavallotti
Category:Films based on Argentine novels
Category:Films set in Argentina
Category:1961 drama films
Category:Films about gauchos
Category:1960s Argentine films |
The Romance of a Gaucho (film) | Table of Content | short description, Cast, External links |
My Patricia | Infobox film
| My Patricia (Patricia mía, also known as Punto y banca ) is a 1961 romantic comedy film directed by Enrique Carreras, with a screenplay by Emilio Villalba Welsh based on an idea by Enrique Carreras. It stars Carlos Estrada and Susana Canales and features the musical group Los Cinco Latinos. It was partially filmed in Mar del Plata and is the posthumous film of Francisco Álvarez who died in April 1960. |
My Patricia | Plot | Plot
A woman waiting for her gambler husband is courted by a film actor. |
My Patricia | Cast | Cast
Carlos Estrada
Susana Canales
Julio Peña
José Isbert
Ricardo Castro Ríos
Nelly Cobella
Enrique San Miguel
Francisco Álvarez
Pablo Acciaresi
Los Cinco Latinos |
My Patricia | Reception | Reception
La Razón said in its chronicle: "A deficient cha-cha-cha... Estrada, in his role as an established actor, whispers "The film is very bad". It sounds like a confession." Clarín opined: "Absurd dialogue and forced situations." Raúl Manrupe and María Alejandra Portela in their book Un diccionario de films argentinos (1930–1995) write (translated from Spanish): " La dolce vita according to Carreras, in one of his worst films". |
My Patricia | References | References |
My Patricia | External links | External links
Category:1961 films
Category:1960s Spanish-language films
Category:Argentine black-and-white films
Category:1960s Argentine films
Category:1961 romantic comedy films
Category:1960s Spanish films
Category:Argentine romantic comedy films
Category:Spanish romantic comedy films
Category:Films directed by Enrique Carreras |
My Patricia | Table of Content | Infobox film
, Plot, Cast, Reception, References, External links |
Synaptic gating | [[File:Gatekeeping.png | thumb|An axo-axonal gated synapse: Neuron C gates the synapse between Neuron A and B.
Synaptic gating is the ability of neural circuits to gate inputs by either suppressing or facilitating specific synaptic activity. Selective inhibition of certain synapses has been studied thoroughly (see Gate theory of pain), and recent studies have supported the existence of permissively gated synaptic transmission. In general, synaptic gating involves a mechanism of central control over neuronal output. It includes a sort of gatekeeper neuron, which has the ability to influence transmission of information to selected targets independently of the parts of the synapse upon which it exerts its action (see also neuromodulation).
Bistable neurons have the ability to oscillate between a hyperpolarized (down state) and a depolarized (up state) resting membrane potential without firing an action potential. These neurons can thus be referred to as up/down neurons. According to one model, this ability is linked to the presence of NMDA and AMPA glutamate receptors. External stimulation of the NMDA receptors is responsible for moving the neuron from the down state to the up state, while the stimulation of AMPA receptors allows the neuron to reach and surpass the threshold potential. Neurons that have this bistable ability have the potential to be gated because outside gatekeeper neurons can modulate the membrane potential of the gated neuron by selectively shifting them from the up state to the down state. Such mechanisms have been observed in the nucleus accumbens, with gatekeepers originating in the cortex, thalamus and basal ganglia. |
Synaptic gating | Gated synapse model | Gated synapse model
thumb|An example of a Bipolar junction transistor which can be used as a model for synaptic gating. B would represent the gatekeeper neuron that regulates the transmission of the signal from C to E.
The model for gated synapses was originally derived from the model electronic circuit, in which the gatekeeper serves as a transistor in a circuit. In a circuit, a transistor can act as a switch that turns an electrical signal on or off. In addition, a transistor can serve to amplify an existing current in a circuit. In effect, the gatekeeper neuron acts as the transistor of a gated synapse by modulating the transmission of the signal between the pre-synaptic and post-synaptic neurons.
In a model gated synapse, the gate is either open or closed by default. The gatekeeper neuron, therefore, serves as an external switch to the gate at the synapse of two other neurons. One of these neurons provides the input signal and the other provides the output signal. It is the role of the gatekeeper neuron to regulate the transmission of the input to the output. When activated, the gatekeeper neuron alters the polarity of the presynaptic axon to either open or close the gate. If this neuron depolarizes the presynaptic axon, it allows the signal to be transmitted. Thus, the gate is open. Hyperpolarization of the presynaptic axon closes the gate. Just like in a transistor, the gatekeeper neuron turns the system on or off; it affects the output signal of the postsynaptic neuron. Whether it is turned on or off is dependent on the nature of the input signal (either excitatory or inhibitory) from the presynaptic neuron. |
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