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Willsboro, New York | Table of Content | redirect, History, Geography, Demographics, Notable people, Communities and locations in Willsboro, References, External links |
Wilmington, New York | for | Wilmington is a town in northern Essex County, New York, United States located within the Adirondack Park. The population was 1,253 at the 2010 census. The town is named after the town of Wilmington, Vermont.
Wilmington is on the county's northern border and is southwest of Plattsburgh. It is in the Whiteface region of the Adirondack Park. |
Wilmington, New York | History | History
The town was first settled circa 1812.
The town was formed in 1821 from the town of Jay. At that time, the town was called "Dansville". In 1822, the name was changed, as suggested by a settler from Vermont, to "Wilmington" due to confusion with another "Dansville" in New York. In 1848, part of the town was partitioned off to form the town of St. Armand.
In the beginning of the 20th century, the tourist industry began to develop in the town. "Santa's Workshop", one of the first American theme parks for children, is located part way up the Whiteface Mountain Memorial Highway and was awarded its own Post Office—North Pole, New York. Whiteface Mountain (4,865 feet) Ski Center was the site of alpine events for the 1980 Winter Olympics. |
Wilmington, New York | Geography | Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which is land and , or 0.36%, is water.
The northern town line is the border of Clinton County. At the northwestern corner is the corresponding corner of Franklin County.
The West Branch of the Ausable River flows northeastward through the center of the town.
New York State Route 431, an east–west highway known as Whiteface Mountain Memorial Highway, intersects New York State Route 86, a north–south highway, in Wilmington village. |
Wilmington, New York | Demographics | Demographics
At the 2020 census, there were 843 people and 417 households residing in the town. The population density was . There were 616 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the town was 98.59% White, 0.09% African American, 0.35% Native American, 0.09% Asian, 0.18% from other races, and 0.71% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.62% of the population.
There were 460 households, of which 35.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.0% were married couples living together, 8.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.7% were non-families. 27.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 3.01.
27.7% of the population were under the age of 18, 5.9% from 18 to 24, 29.2% from 25 to 44, 23.7% from 45 to 64, and 13.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.6 males.
The median household income was $34,432 and the median family income was $43,077. Males had a median income of $27,604 and females $21,328. The per capita income was $18,052. About 6.6% of families and 10.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.3% of those under age 18 and 4.7% of those age 65 or over. |
Wilmington, New York | Communities and locations in Wilmington | Communities and locations in Wilmington
Haselton – A hamlet in the northeastern part of the town on County Road 12 and the Ausable River.
High Falls Gorge – A location on NY 86, south of Wilmington village.
North Pole – A community and theme park (Santa's Workshop) northwest of Wilmington village on NY 431.
Wilmington – The hamlet of Wilmington is at the junction of Routes NY-86 and NY-431 and the Au Sable River, near the town's center. The community is a resort and skiing center. |
Wilmington, New York | See also | See also
Lake Placid, New York |
Wilmington, New York | References | References |
Wilmington, New York | External links | External links
Town of Wilmington official website
Wilmington tourism information
History of Wilmington, NY
Wilmington Historical Society
U.S. Census data from 2020 for Wilmington, NY
Category:Towns in New York (state)
Category:Towns in Essex County, New York |
Wilmington, New York | Table of Content | for, History, Geography, Demographics, Communities and locations in Wilmington, See also, References, External links |
Bangor, New York | Use mdy dates | Bangor is a town in Franklin County, New York, United States. The population was 2,231 at the 2020 census. The town is named after Bangor in Wales.
It is an interior town of the county, located west of Malone. |
Bangor, New York | History | History
Settlement commenced around 1806. The town of Bangor was organized from the town of Dickinson in 1812.History of Bangor, New York (from: Historical Sketches of Franklin County and its several towns, by Frederick J. Seaver, 1918), Rays-place.com The town lost some territory upon the later foundation of the town of Brandon in 1828. |
Bangor, New York | Geography | Geography
The town of Bangor is in northwestern Franklin County, bordered by Fort Covington and Westville to the north, Malone to the east, Brandon to the south, Dickinson at Bangor's southwestern corner, Moira to the west, and Bombay at Bangor's northwestern corner.
According to the United States Census Bureau, Bangor has a total area of , all land. The town is drained by the Little Salmon River and its tributaries, all part of the Saint Lawrence River watershed.
U.S. Route 11 and New York State Route 11B are important east-west highways across the town. |
Bangor, New York | Demographics | Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,147 people, 776 households, and 585 families residing in the town. The population density was . There were 841 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the town was 98.00% White, 0.37% Native American, 0.14% Asian, 0.37% from other races, and 1.12% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.12% of the population.
There were 776 households, out of which 36.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.3% were married couples living together, 8.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.6% were non-families. 20.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.76 and the average family size was 3.12.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 28.1% under the age of 18, 8.0% from 18 to 24, 28.9% from 25 to 44, 21.8% from 45 to 64, and 13.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.7 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $31,033, and the median income for a family was $35,708. Males had a median income of $26,802 versus $21,597 for females. The per capita income for the town was $13,679. About 14.1% of families and 18.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 27.7% of those under age 18 and 12.4% of those age 65 or over. |
Bangor, New York | Notable people | Notable people
Robert N. Chamberlain (July 24, 1856 – September 20, 1917), lawyer who served as the Speaker of the New Hampshire House of Representatives and as the Chief Justice of the New Hampshire Superior Court
Sile Doty (August 30, 1800 – March 12, 1876), infamous robber, burglar, horse thief, highwayman, counterfeiter, and criminal gang leader
Harding Lemay (March 16, 1922 – May 26, 2018), also known as Pete Lemay, was an American screenwriter and playwright best known for his stint as head writer of the soap opera Another World |
Bangor, New York | Communities and locations in Bangor | Communities and locations in Bangor
Baconville – A former community in the southwestern part of the town.
Bangor – The hamlet of Bangor is in the southern section of the town at the junction of NY-11B and County Road 13.
Bangor Station – A location northwest of North Bangor, located on County Road 11.
Cooks Corners – A hamlet near the northern town line at the junction of County Roads 3 and 32.
North Bangor – North Bangor was incorporated as a village in 1914, but later abandoned that status. It is located on US-11 at County Road 53.
West Bangor – A hamlet west of Bangor village on NY-11B at Count Road 10. It was formerly called "Pottersville". |
Bangor, New York | References | References |
Bangor, New York | External links | External links
Early Bangor history
Category:Towns in Franklin County, New York
Category:Towns in New York (state)
Category:Populated places established in 1812
Category:1812 establishments in New York (state) |
Bangor, New York | Table of Content | Use mdy dates, History, Geography, Demographics, Notable people, Communities and locations in Bangor, References, External links |
Bellmont, New York | Use mdy dates | Bellmont is a town in Franklin County, New York, United States. The town is on the eastern border of the county and is southeast of Malone. The population was 1,434 at the 2010 census. The town is named after William Bell, a major landowner in the early history of the town. |
Bellmont, New York | History | History
Due to the slow development of northern New York state, a homestead act was passed by the legislature in 1822 to grant plots of land to settlers. The town had few settlers before that date.
The town of Bellmont was organized in 1833 from the town of Chateaugay. Additional land was attached to Bellmont from Chateaugay in 1838.
Early attempts to extract lumber from the forests met little success due to the high cost of transportation. Mining and smelting iron became a more successful activity until the deposits diminished.
William Bell, who came to Chateaugay Lake around 1783, sold to Samuel C. Drew, of Gilmanton, New Hampshire, who came to the area about 1816 and settled on the west shore of the Lower Lake. Although there were no regular settlers at that time there was a hunter's shanty near the site of the present Banner House, and Drew lived in the shanty while clearing the land and building on the west shore.
The first child born to parents of the Chateaugay Lake region was William Henry Drew, born in 1819.
Soon a large number of people followed the Drews from Gilmanton and took up land around the Lower Lake. Smith Bunker located on Bunker Hill about 1820 and gave it his name. Elias Beman, whose brother was a Revolutionary soldier in the army of General Washington, and Enoch Merrill settled on the east side of Bunker Hill, and Paul, his brother, on the west side of the Lake.
Jonathan Bellows, from South Charlestown, New Hampshire, settled here about 1820, being a direct descendant of John Bellows who was registered on the ship Hopewell from London in 1635.
At the close of the Papineau Rebellion in 1837, a group of English officers summered with Mr. Bellows on the Lower Lake, marking the probable beginning of the "summer resort" phase of this region. Bellows had a hotel called the Lake House, which by that time had grown to substantial proportions. Among those who came here for recreation purposes were A. F. Tait and Chester Harding, the artists. Here Tait had a studio and painted works such as Arguing the Point, in which there is an excellent portrait of Jonathan Bellows. Many of these pictures were lithographed by Currier and Ives. Among other famous guests were Dr. Bethums, a cousin of James Russell Lowell, and Mr. Ashman, chairman of the convention which nominated Abraham Lincoln.
In 1892, the Lake House was purchased by J. S. Kirby who changed the name to "Banner House". Following his death the place was operated by F. W. Adams.
The first sawmill was built by Gates Hoit in 1828 at the outlet of the lower lake near the present dam. The mill was soon purchased by John B. Jackson, who later erected a larger mill on the west shore.
In 1874, Pope, William & Company built a forge at what was then Moffits. The iron ore was brought down from Lyon Mountain mostly by barges and was of unusual quality. Most of it went into the manufacture of Bessemer steel and was much sought after by steel manufacturers. In 1880 a new company was formed with a capital of $1,500,000. They enlarged the forge to sixteen fires, making the largest "Catalan" forge in the world. This forge and its sixteen fires consumed annually 37,500 cords of wood, which made 1,500,000 bushels of charcoal. This forge operation lasted until 1893.
Among other places where ore was found was one above the hotel owned by Lewis Bellows. He and Edgar Keeler, of Chateaugay, operated a mine back of the hotel for a year and took out about a thousand tons of ore. The mine was finally abandoned owing to the large amount of sulfur found in the ore.
Another mine was located on land owned by Alanson Roberts. He built a separator on Thurber Brook, where he separated some amount of ore. Later another separator was built near Lewis Bellows house, but finally both were abandoned. The shaft of the old Bellows mine still exists and is a point of interest to its present-day tourists.
Chateaugay Lake has always drawn those interested in fishing and hunting; the region abounded in speckled and rainbow trout as well as deer and bear. Among those who came to hunt or fish and built cottages on the lakes were Geraldine Farrar, the singer, as well as Jack Clifford and Evelyn Nesbitt Thaw. Seth Thomas of clock fame built a beautiful cottage with a high tower containing a huge three-sided clock, which could be seen for miles around.
During the early days, long before the advent of automobiles, there was a stage route from Chateaugay to the Banner House landing. From here a small steamer— first the Adirondack and later the Emma— made regular trips up through the Narrows and around the Upper Lake, stopping at every dock to deliver mail and supplies. The arrival of this little steamer was the high spot in the day's activities at all the camps. People felt a personal responsibility in meeting the boat and getting the latest news. The stage that came from Chateaugay was also an "institution", and Pratt Hill, the driver, was well known throughout the area.
Soon the coming of private launches in large numbers made the regular streamer trips unnecessary, and they were abandoned. Most of the campers then kept boats or launches at the M. S. Bellows boat shop and from there went the rest of the way by water. Soon roads began to improve and again a change in the matter of boats. Campers now took the new road up along the lakeshore and stopped near their camps. This made the need for launches much less, and they soon dwindled in number.
Cottages have so increased that there is almost no unoccupied space on the east side of the lower lake, and shorefront values climb higher and higher each year.
The First Union Protestant Church of Mountain View was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005. |
Bellmont, New York | Notable person | Notable person
Smith Mead Weed, attorney, businessman, and member of the New York State Assembly. |
Bellmont, New York | Geography | Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which is land and , or 1.81%, is water.
The eastern town line is the border of Clinton County. The southern section of the town is inside the Adirondack Park.
New York State Route 190 intersects New York State Route 374 in the northeastern corner of the town at Brainardsville.
The Châteauguay River flows northward from Lower Chateaugay Lake, which is at the eastern town line. Lower Chateaugay Lake is connected to Upper Chateaugay Lake, in Clinton County, by the Chateaugay Narrows. |
Bellmont, New York | Demographics | Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,423 people, 573 households, and 395 families residing in the town. The population density was . There were 1,261 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the town was 97.68% White, 0.07% African American, 0.84% Native American, 0.49% Asian, 0.07% from other races, and 0.84% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.28% of the population.
There were 573 households, out of which 30.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.2% were married couples living together, 5.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.9% were non-families. 23.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 2.88.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 24.7% under the age of 18, 6.1% from 18 to 24, 27.1% from 25 to 44, 28.5% from 45 to 64, and 13.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.3 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $33,417, and the median income for a family was $35,852. Males had a median income of $32,750 versus $19,879 for females. The per capita income for the town was $16,542. About 6.3% of families and 9.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.2% of those under age 18 and 13.0% of those age 65 or over. |
Bellmont, New York | Communities and locations in Bellmont | Communities and locations in Bellmont
Bellmont Center – A hamlet by the northern town line by the junction of County Roads 24 and 33.
Brainardsville (briefly known as "Crompville") – A hamlet in the northeastern corner of the town at the junction of NY-190, NY-374, and County Road 24.
Bryants Mill – A hamlet in the southern part of the town, south of Mountain View.
Camp Chateaugay – A summer lake camp on Upper Chateaugay Lake.
Chateaugay Lake (aka Weeds, aka Moffits, aka Popeville, aka The Forge) – A former "boom town" near the northern end of Lower Chateaugay Lake and one of the early communities in the town, now abandoned.
Indian Lake – A small lake in the southwestern section of the town.
Middle Kilns – A location in the southeastern part of the town, northeast of Wolf Pond.
Mountain View (formerly "State Dam") – A hamlet in the southwestern part of the town on County Road 27 and west of Indian Lake.
Owls Head – A hamlet in the southwestern section of the town on County Road 27.
Porcaville – A location in the southwestern corner of the town on County Road 27.
Ragged Lake – A small lake east of Indian Lake, once the site of a tourist hotel.
Upper Kilns – A location in the southeastern part of the town.
Wolf Pond – A hamlet in the southern part of the town, near the town line, and southeast of Mountain View and Bryants Mill. |
Bellmont, New York | References | References |
Bellmont, New York | External links | External links
Town of Bellmont official website
Early Bellmont history
Historic photos of Bellmont
Category:Towns in Franklin County, New York
Category:Towns in New York (state) |
Bellmont, New York | Table of Content | Use mdy dates, History, Notable person, Geography, Demographics, Communities and locations in Bellmont, References, External links |
Brandon, New York | Use mdy dates | Brandon is a town in Franklin County, New York, United States. It is centrally located in the county, southwest of Malone. The town population was 577 at the 2010 census. It was named after Brandon, Vermont, by early settlers. |
Brandon, New York | History | History
The town was settled by pioneers from Vermont. The town of Brandon was organized in 1828 from the town of Bangor. Subsequently, the town lost much of its area in the formation of the towns of Harrietstown and Santa Clara. |
Brandon, New York | Geography | Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, Brandon has a total area of , of which is land and , or 0.16%, is water.
The southern town line borders the Adirondack Park. |
Brandon, New York | Demographics | Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 542 people, 195 households, and 150 families residing in the town. The population density was . There were 309 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the town was 95.94% White, 0.18% African American, 1.66% Native American, 0.55% Asian, 0.74% from other races, and 0.92% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.48% of the population.
There were 195 households, out of which 39.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.0% were married couples living together, 6.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.6% were non-families. 15.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.74 and the average family size was 2.99.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 28.4% under the age of 18, 5.9% from 18 to 24, 33.8% from 25 to 44, 22.1% from 45 to 64, and 9.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 107.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 106.4 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $28,500, and the median income for a family was $27,361. Males had a median income of $30,809 versus $21,053 for females. The per capita income for the town was $13,663. About 16.4% of families and 22.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 25.4% of those under age 18 and 20.4% of those age 65 or over. |
Brandon, New York | Communities and locations in Brandon | Communities and locations in Brandon
Brandon Center – A hamlet in the northern part of the town. It is located at the junction of Town House Road and French Road.
Deer River – A stream flowing past Reynoldston; part of the St. Regis River watershed.
Reynoldston – A hamlet on County Road 15 (Reynoldston Road) in the western part of the town. The name is from members of the Reynolds family who operated the Reynolds Mill and Logging operations from 1870 to 1925 and were prominent in the community development. The community is documented by a website that discusses life in the community from 1870 to 1970 and the role of the Reynolds Bros.
Salmon River – A stream flowing northward on the east side of Brandon; flows north to the St. Lawrence River in Canada.
Skerry – A hamlet east of Brandon Center at the junction of County Roads 12 and 13. |
Brandon, New York | References | References
Category:Towns in Franklin County, New York
Category:Towns in New York (state) |
Brandon, New York | Table of Content | Use mdy dates, History, Geography, Demographics, Communities and locations in Brandon, References |
Brighton, Franklin County, New York | Use mdy dates | Brighton is a town in Franklin County, New York, United States. The population was 1,435 at the 2010 census. It was named after Brighton, England, by early surveyors in the region.
The town is in the southern part of the county and is inside the Adirondack Park. Paul Smith's College is in the community of Paul Smiths, a hamlet of Brighton. |
Brighton, Franklin County, New York | History | History
The Town of Brighton was set aside from the town of Duane in 1858 when settlers living in southern Duane complained loudly enough about being left out of town business discussions due to the long distance and time involved. James M. Wardner was elected its first supervisor. Apollos "Paul" Smith arrived in 1859 and gradually built up a hotel in the community that bears his name. Paul Smith's Hotel grew into one of the largest and most well-known, attracting U.S. presidents, governors and other prominent guests.
After Paul Smith's death in 1912, it was run by his son, Phelps Smith, until it burned down in 1930. Paul Smith's College was established in 1937 after the death of Phelps Smith; it matriculated its first class in 1946. The college now uses the land where the hotel once stood along Lower St. Regis Lake. Also around that time James Wardner had a small hotel on Rainbow Lake.
The hamlet now called Gabriels originated when Alfonzo Rand, William Ricketson, the Dustins, and the Otises cleared virgin forest land and began farming the sandy loam soils in the southern part of the town along the boundary with the Town of Harrietstown near Ricketson Brook and today's Split Rock Road. It wasn't until the Adirondack & St. Lawrence Railway came in 1892 that Gabriels expanded northward with many settling near the railroad station. Following the arrival of the railroad, the Sisters of Mercy established a tuberculosis sanitorium on the small hill near the rail station in 1897. Around the same time, Muncil's sawmill was established on a siding north of the station. Paul Smith's Hotel immediately started a stage line to the railroad station. When the Sisters of Mercy closed The Gabriels Sanatorium and moved to Lake Placid, the San was sold to Paul Smith's College. Still later, it was sold to New York State which converted it into Camp Gabriels, a minimum-security state prison, which closed in 2009.
The Brighton Town Hall was designed and built by Benjamin A. Muncil in 1914. Muncil was a talented local builder who also designed and built Marjorie Merriweather Post's Camp Topridge, and White Pine Camp, which was used as a summer White House of US President Calvin Coolidge. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003. |
Brighton, Franklin County, New York | Geography | Geography
thumb|left|Saint Regis Presbyterian Church, Keese Mill
Brighton is located south of the center of Franklin County within the limits of the Adirondack Forest Preserve. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which is land and , or 6.15%, is water. The majority of the town consists of woodlands, lakes, streams and ponds (both publicly and privately owned), with a few areas of developed hamlets and farmland (privately owned). Major water bodies include Upper and Lower St. Regis Lake in the southwest corner of town.
New York State Route 30 is a north-south highway in the town and intersects New York State Route 86 at Paul Smiths. NY 30 leads north to Malone, the Franklin County seat, and southwest to Tupper Lake. NY 86 leads southeast to Saranac Lake. |
Brighton, Franklin County, New York | Demographics | Demographics
thumb|right|Paul Smith's Hotel, circa 1892
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,682 people, 319 households, and 203 families residing in the town. The population density was . There were 591 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the town was 79.37% White, 18.55% African American, 0.65% Native American, 1.19% Asian, and 0.24% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.48% of the population.
There were 319 households, out of which 34.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.9% were married couples living together, 5.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.1% were non-families. 29.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 3.04.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 11.7% under the age of 18, 37.5% from 18 to 24, 29.8% from 25 to 44, 15.5% from 45 to 64, and 5.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 26 years. For every 100 females, there were 215.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 246.2 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $42,679, and the median income for a family was $48,250. Males had a median income of $35,952 versus $26,250 for females. The per capita income for the town was $11,995. About 3.0% of families and 6.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.3% of those under age 18 and 8.7% of those age 65 or over. |
Brighton, Franklin County, New York | Communities and locations in Brighton | Communities and locations in Brighton
thumb|A guideboat on Upper St. Regis Lake, Saint Regis Mountain behind
thumb|Topridge, Upper St Regis Lake
Gabriels – A hamlet in the southeastern part of the town, located on NY-86 at the junction of County Road 30, the site of Camp Gabriels, a former minimum security state prison, which closed in 2009.
Lower St. Regis Lake – A lake south of Paul Smiths where Paul Smith's College is located.
Meacham Lake – A lake partly in the town at the northern town line.
Osgood Pond – A lake northeast of Paul Smiths.
Paul Smiths – A hamlet in the southern part of the town on NY-30.
Rainbow Lake – (1) A hamlet near the eastern town line, north of Gabriels on County Road 60, and (2) A lake at the eastern town boundary, near the community of Rainbow Lake. Rainbow Lake flows into the North Branch of the Saranac River.
Spitfire Lake – A lake south of Lower St. Regis Lake.
Upper St. Regis Lake – A lake at the southern town line. |
Brighton, Franklin County, New York | References | References |
Brighton, Franklin County, New York | Further reading | Further reading
Brighton Architectural Heritage Committee, 2002. Brighton 2000: Life in the Town of Brighton, Franklin County, New York in the year 2000, Brighton Architectural Heritage Committee, Paul Smiths, NY, 153 pp. (Available on CD).
Collins, Geraldine, 1977. The Brighton Story, North Country Books, Lakemont, NY, 202 pp., incl. bibliography.
Kudish, Dr. Michael, 1975. A Preliminary Vascular Flora of the Paul Smiths-Saranac Lake Area, The Adirondacks, New York, With Notes on the Climate, Geology, and Soils, Paul Smith's College, Paul Smiths, NY.
Kudish, Dr. Michael, 1981. Paul Smiths Flora II: Additional Vascular Plants, Bryophytes (Mosses and Liverworts), Soils and Vegetation, Local Forest History, Paul Smith's College, Paul Smiths, NY.
Kudish, Dr. Michael, 1992. Adirondack Upland Flora, The Chauncy Press, Saranac Lake, N.Y., 316 pp. (In this work, Dr. Kudish, a forest ecologist, brings together all the factors leading to why it is certain plants, trees, bushes grow where they do, in a way understandable to the layman. While applicable to the whole Adirondack Park, Dr. Kudish made extensive use of the town of Brighton and the surrounding area.)
Kudish, Dr. Michael, 2004. Historical Update: Paul Smith's College Lands, Forests, and Buildings 1981 to 2004, Paul Smith's College, Paul Smiths, NY, 76 pp., incl. index. (Contains much information about the Town of Brighton)
"Town of Brighton Smart Growth Plan", July 9, 2009, prepared by F.X. Browne, Inc., Saranac Lake, NY., 36 pp. (incl. biblio), six appendices provide supporting information.
Wardner, Charles A., 2010. Footprints & Sunset on Adirondack Trails: The Memoirs of James Manchester Wardner 1831-1904, privately published by Joan Wardner Allen, printed by Graphics North, Jay, NY. |
Brighton, Franklin County, New York | External links | External links
Town of Brighton official website
Town Historical Notes
Early history of Brighton
Category:Adirondacks
Category:Towns in Franklin County, New York
Category:Towns in New York (state) |
Brighton, Franklin County, New York | Table of Content | Use mdy dates, History, Geography, Demographics, Communities and locations in Brighton, References, Further reading, External links |
Brushton, New York | Use mdy dates | Brushton is a village in Franklin County, New York, United States. The population was 474 at the 2010 census. The village is named after Henry Brush, a land owner.
Brushton is located in the town of Moira and is west of Malone, the county seat. |
Brushton, New York | History | History
thumb|left|The sign for Brushton on US11.
The village took its name from Brush's Mills, which were located on the Little Salmon River. The mills were purchased by Mr. Henry N. Brush in 1835, and the hamlet was officially named "Brushton" on October 1, 1877.
From Frederick Seaver's Historical Sketches of Franklin County, NY (1918), p. 519:
"The industrial enterprises of Moira were never numerous or large. The community is distinctively agricultural, but with two small unincorporated villages -- Brushton and Moira. Each is a station on the Rutland Railroad, and each is on an improved trunk-line highway. Almost with the first settlement in the town, Appleton Foote, as the agent of Gilchrist and Fowler, erected a saw mill at what is now Brushton, and a grist mill there in the year following, which was displaced by the present stone mill in 1823, built by Robert Watts, and later improved and enlarged by Henry N. Brush."
And Seaver, p. 518:
"Henry N. Brush located at Brush's Mills (now Brushton) in 1835. He was a man of finished education, an engaging public speaker, and a man of strong parts. ... His holdings of land were large, and the business and industrial development of the eastern part of Moira were due largely to his activities. He died in 1872."
Brush's son, Henry Corbin Brush, was born in Brush's Mills in 1838 and was the inventor of the Brush Trolling Spoon shallow-running submersible fishing lure.Scientific American Vol XXXVI No. February 8, 24, 1877. NY: Munn & Co. |
Brushton, New York | Geography | Geography
Brushton is located in the eastern part of the town of Moira at (44.830736, -74.514341), in northwestern Franklin County.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of , all land.
Brushton is located on U.S. Route 11 (Washington Street) at the junction of County Road 8 (Fay-Brushton Road/Farm-To-Market Rd.). On US-11, the community of Moira is to the west, and North Bangor is to the east. Malone is to the east on US-11.
The Little Salmon River flows northward through the village. Via the Salmon River, its waters flow to the St. Lawrence River, just across the Canada–US border in Quebec. |
Brushton, New York | Demographics | Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 479 people, 213 households, and 119 families residing in the village. The population density was . There were 250 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the village was 98.33% White, 0.42% African American, 0.21% Native American, 0.42% Asian, and 0.63% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.25% of the population. This works out to be 471 Whites, two African Americans, one Native American, two Asians, and six Hispanics or Latinos.
thumb|left|The former Brushton High School, now apartments
There were 213 households, out of which 26.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.3% were married couples living together, 8.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 43.7% were non-families. 36.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.25 and the average family size was 2.96.
In the village, the population was spread out, with 24.6% under the age of 18, 7.5% from 18 to 24, 23.8% from 25 to 44, 26.1% from 45 to 64, and 18.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.0 males.
The median income for a household in the village was $18,750, and the median income for a family was $29,722. Males had a median income of $29,219 versus $17,292 for females. The per capita income for the village was $13,674. About 13.4% of families and 19.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.4% of those under age 18 and 15.4% of those age 65 or over. |
Brushton, New York | References | References
Category:Villages in New York (state)
Category:Villages in Franklin County, New York |
Brushton, New York | Table of Content | Use mdy dates, History, Geography, Demographics, References |
Constable, New York | Use mdy dates | Constable is a town in Franklin County, New York, United States. (There is also a hamlet in the county with the same name.)
The population was 1,566 at the 2010 census. The town is named after William Constable, a member of the syndicate of original land owners. The town is in the northern part of the county, along the Canada–United States border north of Malone. |
Constable, New York | History | History
The town of Constable was founded in 1807 from part of the town of Malone. Its territory was reduced later to form other towns: Fort Covington (1817) and Westville (1829). An early business opportunity involved "line stores", constructed so part of the shop was in Canada and the other end in the United States, allowing subtle shifting of merchandise across the border without the inconvenience of customs duties.
In June 2015, the town received national attention as David Sweat and Richard Matt, escaped convicts from the Clinton Correctional Facility in Dannemora, New York, were the subject of a three-week manhunt in the area. Matt was shot and killed in the nearby town of Malone, while Sweat remained on the run until June 28 when he was captured in Constable, two miles away from the Canada–U.S. border. |
Constable, New York | Geography | Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which , or 0.04%, is water.
The northern town line is the international border between the United States and Canada and is the border of Quebec.
New York State Route 122 is an east-west highway in the town. New York State Route 30 intersects NY-122 at Constable village and leads south to the village of Malone. |
Constable, New York | Demographics | Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,428 people, 533 households, and 390 families residing in the town. The population density was . There were 607 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the town was 97.55% White, 0.07% African American, 1.47% Native American, 0.07% Asian, and 0.84% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.14% of the population.
There were 533 households, out of which 38.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.2% were married couples living together, 9.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.8% were non-families. 21.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.67 and the average family size was 3.03.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 28.4% under the age of 18, 6.0% from 18 to 24, 32.7% from 25 to 44, 21.0% from 45 to 64, and 11.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.4 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $31,029, and the median income for a family was $36,488. Males had a median income of $27,955 versus $21,354 for females. The per capita income for the town was $14,149. About 12.3% of families and 16.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.5% of those under age 18 and 8.9% of those age 65 or over. |
Constable, New York | Communities and locations in Constable | Communities and locations in Constable
Constable – A hamlet near the center of the town on Route 30 at the junction with NY-122.
Trout River – A stream flowing northward across the border into Canada, flowing past both Constable village and the community of Trout River.
Trout River – A hamlet on the border of Canada at the junction of NY-30 and County Road 20. The community is a port of entry and has a similarly named community across the border in Quebec. |
Constable, New York | References | References |
Constable, New York | External links | External links
Early Constable history
Oral History of Constable
Town of Constable
Category:Towns in Franklin County, New York
Category:Towns in New York (state) |
Constable, New York | Table of Content | Use mdy dates, History, Geography, Demographics, Communities and locations in Constable, References, External links |
Dickinson, Franklin County, New York | distinguish | Dickinson is a town in Franklin County, New York, United States. The population was 1,031 at the 2020 census. The town was named after Philemon Dickinson, a brigadier general of the New Jersey militia during the American Revolutionary War.
Dickinson is on the western border of Franklin County, southwest of Malone and east of Potsdam. |
Dickinson, Franklin County, New York | History | History
The name originally proposed for the area was "Annastown", after the daughter of a local landowner; but another influential landowner, Jonathan Dayton, prevailed in naming the town after his friend and fellow member of congress Philemon Dickinson.
The town of Dickinson was formed from the town of Malone in 1809. In 1812, part of Dickinson was used to form the town of Bangor. The creation of the towns of Moira in 1828 and Waverly in 1880 cost Dickinson more territory.
In 1843, conversions to the Mormon religion and migration westward took place in the town, due to relatives of a Mormon apostle living there. |
Dickinson, Franklin County, New York | Geography | Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which is land and , or 0.20%, is water.
The western town line is the border of St. Lawrence County. The town is located along the northern edge of the Adirondacks.
New York State Route 11B is an east-west highway. |
Dickinson, Franklin County, New York | Demographics | Demographics
As of the census of 2020 there were 1,031 people, 293 households, and 217 families residing in the town. The population density was . There were 424 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the town was 97.56% White, 0.41% African American, 1.22% Native American, 0.14% Asian, and 0.68% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.41% of the population.
There were 293 households, out of which 29.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.7% were married couples living together, 8.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.9% were non-families. 20.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.52 and the average family size was 2.88.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 24.6% under the age of 18, 6.5% from 18 to 24, 27.3% from 25 to 44, 26.4% from 45 to 64, and 15.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 107.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.8 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $31,711, and the median income for a family was $34,875. Males had a median income of $27,083 versus $22,039 for females. The per capita income for the town was $15,701. About 11.2% of families and 16.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 30.1% of those under age 18 and 15.4% of those age 65 or over. |
Dickinson, Franklin County, New York | Communities and locations in Dickinson | Communities and locations in Dickinson
Alburg – A hamlet on the northern town line, west of Irish Corners.
Deer River – A stream flowing out the western town line.
Dickinson – A hamlet on NY-11B at the junction of County Road 5. It was formerly called Harwoods Corners.
Dickinson Center – A hamlet south of Dickinson on County Road 5. Located near Dickinson Center is the Hastings Farmstead, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.
East Dickinson – A hamlet in the northeastern corner of the town on NY-11B.
Irish Corners – A hamlet on the northern town line. |
Dickinson, Franklin County, New York | Notable person | Notable person
Rufus E. Brown, Vermont Attorney General |
Dickinson, Franklin County, New York | References | References |
Dickinson, Franklin County, New York | External links | External links
Town of Dickinson, NY "under construction"
Early Dickinson history
Category:1809 establishments in New York (state)
Category:Populated places established in 1809
Category:Towns in Franklin County, New York
Category:Towns in New York (state) |
Dickinson, Franklin County, New York | Table of Content | distinguish, History, Geography, Demographics, Communities and locations in Dickinson, Notable person, References, External links |
1998 FIFA World Cup | Short description | The 1998 FIFA World Cup was the 16th FIFA World Cup, the football world championship for men's national teams. The finals tournament was held in France from 10 June to 12 July 1998. The country was chosen as the host nation by FIFA for the second time in the history of the tournament (the first was in 1938), defeating Morocco in the bidding process. It was the ninth time that it was held in Europe. Spanning 32 days, it was the longest World Cup tournament ever held.
Qualification for the finals began in March 1996 and concluded in November 1997. For the first time in the competition, the group stage was expanded from 24 teams to 32, with eight groups of four. 64 matches were played in 10 stadiums in 10 host cities, with the opening match and final staged at the newly built Stade de France in the Parisian commune of Saint-Denis.
The tournament was won by host country France, who beat defending champions Brazil 3–0 in the final. France won their first title, becoming the seventh nation to win a World Cup, and the sixth (after Uruguay, Italy, England, West Germany and Argentina) to win the World Cup on home soil. As of 2022, they are the most recent team to win the tournament on home soil. Croatia, Jamaica, Japan and South Africa made their first appearances in the tournament. |
1998 FIFA World Cup | Host selection | Host selection
France was awarded the 1998 World Cup on 2 July 1992 by the executive committee of FIFA during a general meeting in Zürich, Switzerland. They defeated Morocco by 12 votes to 7. Switzerland withdrew, due to being unable to meet FIFA's requirements. This made France the third country to host two World Cups, after Mexico and Italy in 1986 and 1990 respectively. France previously hosted the third edition of the World Cup in 1938. England, who hosted the competition in 1966 and won it, were among the original applicants, but later withdrew their application in favour of an ultimately successful bid to host UEFA Euro 1996.
Voting resultsCountryRound 1 France 12 Morocco 7 |
1998 FIFA World Cup | Bribery and corruption investigations | Bribery and corruption investigations
On 4 June 2015, while co-operating with the FBI and the Swiss authorities, Chuck Blazer confirmed that he and other members of FIFA's executive committee were bribed during the 1998 and 2010 World Cups host selection process. Blazer stated that "we facilitated bribes in conjunction with the selection of the host nation for the 1998 World Cup". Since France won the selection process it was initially thought the bribery came from its bid committee. It eventually transpired that the bribe payment was from the failed Moroccan bid.Vicki Hodges, Giles Mole, JJ Bull, Luke Brown and Rob Crilly, "Fifa whistleblower Chuck Blazer – bribes accepted for 1998 and 2010 World Cups: as it happened", The Telegraph, 3 June 2015 . Retrieved 4 June 2015Owen Gibson, Paul Lewis, "Fifa informant Chuck Blazer: I took bribes over 1998 and 2010 World Cups", The Guardian, 3 June 2015 . Retrieved 4 June 2015Tarik El Barakah, "U.S. judge claims that Morocco bribed FIFA to host 1998 World Cup", Moroccow World News, 28 May 2015 . Retrieved 31 January 2017 |
1998 FIFA World Cup | Qualification | Qualification
The qualification draw for the 1998 World Cup finals took place in the Musée du Louvre, Paris on 12 December 1995. As tournament hosts, France was exempt from the draw as was defending champion Brazil, but it was also France's first World Cup since 1986. 174 teams from six confederations participated, 24 more than in the previous round. Fourteen countries qualified from the European zone (in addition to hosts France). Ten were determined after group play – nine group winners and the best second-placed team; the other eight group runners-up were drawn into pairs of four play-off matches with the winners qualifying for the finals as well. CONMEBOL (South America) and CAF (Africa) were each given five spots in the final tournament, while three spots were contested between 30 CONCACAF members in the North and Central America and the Caribbean zone. The winner of the Oceanian zone advanced to an intercontinental play-off against the runner-up of the Asian play-off, determined by the two best second-placed teams.
Four nations qualified for the first time: Croatia, Jamaica, Japan and South Africa. The last team to qualify was Iran by virtue of beating Australia in a two-legged tie on 29 November 1997. It marked their first appearance in the finals since 1978, Chile qualified for the first time since 1982, after serving a ban that saw them miss out on the two previous tournaments. Paraguay and Denmark returned for the first time since 1986. Austria, England, Scotland and Yugoslavia returned after missing out on the 1994 tournament, with the Balkan team now appearing under the name of FR Yugoslavia. Among the teams who failed to qualify were two-time winners Uruguay (for the second successive tournament); Portugal (their last absence as of 2022); Sweden, who finished third in 1994; Russia (who failed to qualify for the first time since 1978 after losing to Italy in the play-off round); and the Republic of Ireland, who had qualified for the previous two tournaments. The highest-ranked team not to qualify was the UEFA Euro 1996 runners-up the Czech Republic (ranked 3rd), while the lowest-ranked team that did qualify was Nigeria (ranked 74th).
As of 2022, this was the last time Austria, Bulgaria, Norway, Romania and Scotland qualified for a FIFA World Cup finals, and the only time Jamaica have qualified. |
1998 FIFA World Cup | List of qualified teams | List of qualified teams
The following 32 teams, shown with final pre-tournament rankings, qualified for the final tournament.
AFC (4)
(42)
(debut) (12)
(34)
(20)
CAF (5)
(49)
(13)
(74)
(debut) (24)
(21)
OFC (0)
None qualified
CONCACAF (3)
(debut) (30)
(4)
(11)
CONMEBOL (5)
(6)
(holders) (1)
(9)
(10)
(29)
UEFA (15)
(31)
(36)
(35)
(debut) (19)
(27)
(5)
(18) (hosts)
(2)
(14)
(25)
(7)
(22)
(41)
(15)
FR Yugoslavia (8)
thumb|upright=1.4|
Teams listed by FIFA ranking as of May 1998 Country Confederation Rank 1 (1994 winner) CONMEBOL 1 2 UEFA 2 3 CONCACAF 4 4 UEFA 5 5 CONMEBOL 6 6 UEFA 7 7 UEFA 8 8 CONMEBOL 9 9 CONMEBOL 10 10 CONCACAF 11 11 AFC 12 12 CAF 13 13 UEFA 14 14 UEFA 15 15 (host) UEFA 18 16 UEFA 19 17 AFC 20 18 CAF 21 19 UEFA 22 20 CAF 24 21 UEFA 25 22 UEFA 27 23 CONMEBOL 29 24 CONCACAF 30 25 UEFA 31 26 AFC 34 27 UEFA 35 28 UEFA 36 29 UEFA 41 30 AFC 42 31 CAF 49 32 CAF 74 |
1998 FIFA World Cup | Venues | Venues
France's bid to host the World Cup centered on a national stadium with 80,000 seats and nine other stadiums located across the country. When the finals were originally awarded in July 1992, none of the regional club grounds were of a capacity meeting FIFA's requirements – namely being able to safely seat 40,000. The proposed national stadium, colloquially referred to as the 'Grand stade', met with controversy at every stage of planning; the stadium's location was determined by politics, finance and national symbolism, as Mayor of Paris Jacques Chirac successfully negotiated a deal with Prime Minister Édouard Balladur to bring the Stade de France, as it was now called, to the commune of Saint-Denis just north of the capital city. Construction on the stadium started in December 1995 and was completed after 26 months of work in November 1997 at a cost of ₣2.67 billion.
The choice of stadium locations was drafted from an original list of 14 cities. FIFA and CFO monitored the progress and quality of preparations, culminating in the former providing final checks of the grounds weeks before the tournament commenced. Montpellier was the surprise inclusion from the final list of cities because of its low urban hierarchy in comparison to Strasbourg, who boasted a better hierarchy and success from its local football team, having been taken over by a consortium. Montpellier however was considered ambitious by the selecting panel to host World Cup matches. The local city and regional authorities in particular had invested heavily into football the previous two decades and were able to measure economic effects, in terms of jobs as early as in 1997. Some of the venues used for this tournament were also used for the previous World Cup in France in 1938. The Stade Vélodrome in Marseille, the Stade Municipal in Toulouse, the Gerland in Lyon, the Parc Lescure in Bordeaux and the Parc des Princes in Paris received the honour of hosting World Cup matches once again in 1998 as they had all done in 1938.
10 stadiums were used for the finals; in addition to nine matches being played at the Stade de France (the most used stadium in the tournament), a further six matches took place in Paris Saint-Germain's Parc des Princes, bringing Paris's total matches hosted to 15. France played four of their seven matches in the national stadium; they also played in the country's second and third largest cities, Marseille (hosting 7 total matches) and Lyon (hosting 6 total matches), as well as a Round of 16 knockout match in the northern city of Lens (also hosting 6 total matches). Nantes, Toulouse, Bordeaux, Montpellier and Saint-Etienne also hosted 6 matches in total; all of the stadiums used also hosted knockout round matches.
Paris Marseille Paris Lyon Stade de France Stade Vélodrome Parc des Princes Stade de Gerland Capacity: 80,000 Capacity: 60,000 Capacity: 48,875 Capacity: 44,000 180px 180px 180px 180px Lens Stade Félix-Bollaert Capacity: 41,300 170px Nantes Stade de la Beaujoire Capacity: 39,500 180px Toulouse Saint-Étienne Bordeaux Montpellier Stadium de Toulouse Stade Geoffroy-Guichard Parc Lescure Stade de la Mosson Capacity: 37,000 Capacity: 36,000 Capacity: 35,200 Capacity: 34,000 180px 180px 180px 180px |
1998 FIFA World Cup | Innovations | Innovations |
1998 FIFA World Cup | Technologies | Technologies
This was the first FIFA World Cup where fourth officials used electronic boards, instead of cardboard. |
1998 FIFA World Cup | Rule changes | Rule changes
This was the first World Cup since the introduction of golden goals,France 1998. Sport24, 5 May 2010 12:12. banning of tackles from behind that endanger the safety of an opponent and allowance of three substitutions per game.Substitute the subs rule? By Mitch Phillips, 5 November 2007 Reuters Soccer Blog. |
1998 FIFA World Cup | Match officials | Match officials
34 referees and 33 assistants officiated in the 1998 World Cup. As a result of the extension to 32 teams in the finals, there was an increase of 10 referees and 11 officials from the 1994 World Cup.
CAF (5)
Said Belqola
Gamal Al-Ghandour
Lucien Bouchardeau
Lim Kee Chong
Ian McLeod
AFC (4)
Abdul Rahman Al-Zaid
Ali Bujsaim
Masayoshi Okada
Pirom Un-Prasert
UEFA (15)
Marc Batta
Günter Benkö
Pierluigi Collina
Hugh Dallas
Paul Durkin
José María García-Aranda
Bernd Heynemann
Nikolai Levnikov
Urs Meier
Vítor Melo Pereira
Kim Milton Nielsen
Rune Pedersen
László Vágner
Mario van der Ende
Ryszard Wójcik
CONCACAF (3)
Esfandiar Baharmast
Arturo Brizio Carter
Ramesh Ramdhan
OFC (1)
Eddie Lennie
CONMEBOL (6)
Javier Castrilli
Epifanio González
Márcio Rezende de Freitas
Mario Sánchez Yanten
Alberto Tejada Noriega
John Toro Rendón |
1998 FIFA World Cup | Draw | Draw
The FIFA Organising Committee announced the eight seeded teams on 3 December 1997 at Marseille's Stade Vélodrome. The draw was conducted by at the time FIFA general secretary Joseph Blatter and many celebrities helped with the draw such as former players as Franz Beckenbauer, George Weah, Jean-Pierre Papin, Raymond Kopa, Georges Carnus and women's football player Mia Hamm.
The historic tradition to seed the hosts (France) and holders (Brazil) was upheld; while the remaining six seeds were granted for the other top7-ranked teams, based on their results obtained in the last three FIFA World Cups (ratio 3:2:1, counting in total 60%) and their FIFA World Ranking position in the last month of the past three years (equal ratio, counting in total 40%).
For the draw, the 32 teams were allocated into four pots. The eight top-seeded teams were allocated in pot A and would be drawn/selected into the first position of the eight groups playing in the group stage. The remaining 24 unseeded teams were allocated into three pots based on geographical sections, with the: Nine European teams in pot B; four Asian teams and three South American teams in pot C; five African teams and three North American teams in pot D.
The general principle was to draw one team from each pot into the eight groups, although with special combined procedures for pot B and pot C, due to comprising more/less than eight teams - but sixteen teams in total. At the same time, the draw also needed to respect the geographical limitation, that each group could not feature more than one team from each confederation, except for the European teams where the limitation was maximum two per group.
Pot ATop-seeded teams( + Host + Top7 seeds) Pot BEurope(UEFA) Pot CAsia & South America(AFC & CONMEBOL) Pot DAfrica & North America(CAF & CONCACAF)
The draw took place at Stade Vélodrome in Marseille, and was televised live on 4 December 1997: FIFA World Cup Draw on BBC Sport.
For the first time in history, the draw event took place in a football stadium, with 38,000 spectators and an estimated 1 billion TV viewers. The draw was officiated by FIFA secretary general Sepp Blatter. Teams were drawn by football legends Franz Beckenbauer, Carlos Alberto Parreira, George Weah and Raymond Kopa.
Organiser Michel Platini, who later became president of UEFA, admitted in 2018 that the draw for the group stage of the competition had been fixed so that France and Brazil were kept apart until the final, telling France Bleu Sport: "We did a bit of trickery. When we were organising the schedule. We did not spend six years organising the World Cup to not do some little shenanigans".
The statement from Platini referred to the fact that, shortly before the World Cup finals draw took place, the FIFA Organising Committee had met to finalise the draw process. At this meeting, the committee had approved the proposal to assign host nation France to group position C1 and defending champions Brazil to group position A1 ahead of the draw. As the tournament structure was also predetermined so that the winners of Groups A, D, E and H, and the runners-up of Groups B, C, F and G would be kept apart from the group winners of B, C, F and G, and the runners-up of Group A, D, E and H until the final; thus, France and Brazil could avoid meeting each other until the final if both teams finished in the same position in the top two of their respective groups.
Procedure for the draw:
Pot A was used to draw the remaining six top-seeded teams for the first position of groups B, D, E, F, G and H.
Pot D was used to draw one team to each of the eight groups (drawing in the alphabetic order from A to H).
Pot B was used to draw one team to each of the eight groups (drawing in the alphabetic order from A to H).
As per the FIFA rule of only allowing a maximum of two UEFA teams in each group, the remaining ninth team from Pot B, was subject to a second draw, to be put in either of the groups containing a top-seeded South American (CONMEBOL) team.
Pot C was used to draw one team to each of the seven groups with an empty spot (drawing in alphabetical order from A to H). However, as each group could only contain one South American (CONMEBOL) team, the first Asian (AFC) team drawn would not be drawn into a group in alphabetical order, but instead be drawn into the remaining open group with a top-seeded South American (CONMEBOL) team.
To decide the match schedules, the exact group position number for the un-seeded teams in each group (2, 3 or 4), were also drawn immediately from eight special group bowls, after each respective team had been drawn from pot D, B and C. |
1998 FIFA World Cup | Draw results and group fixtures | Draw results and group fixtures
The draw resulted in the following eight groups:
+ Group A TeamA1 A2 A3 A4
+ Group B TeamB1 B2 B3 B4
+ Group C TeamC1 C2 C3 C4
+ Group D TeamD1 D2 D3 D4
+ Group E TeamE1 E2 E3 E4
+ Group F TeamF1 F2 F3 F4
+ Group G TeamG1 G2 G3 G4
+ Group H TeamH1 H2 H3 H4
In each group, the teams played three matches, one against each of the other teams. Three points were awarded for each win, while a draw was worth one point. After completion of the group stage, the two teams with the most points in each group would advance to the knockout stage, with each group winner facing the runner-up from one of the other groups in the round of 16. This was a new format for the World Cup, following the expansion from 24 teams in 1994. A total of 64 games were played, including the final and a third-place play-off between the losers of the two semi-finals.
The fixtures for the group stage were decided based on the draw results, as follows:
+ Group stage scheduleMatchdayDatesMatchesMatchday 110–15 June 19981 v 2, 3 v 4Matchday 216–22 June 19981 v 3, 2 v 4Matchday 323–26 June 19984 v 1, 2 v 3 |
1998 FIFA World Cup | Squads | Squads
As with the preceding tournament, each team's squad for the 1998 World Cup finals consisted of 22 players. Each participating national association had to confirm their final 22-player squad by 1 June 1998.
Out of the 704 players participating in the 1998 World Cup, 447 were signed up with a European club; 90 in Asia, 67 in South America, 61 in Northern and Central America and 37 in Africa. 75 played their club football in England – five more than Italy and Spain. Barcelona of Spain was the club contributing to the most players in the tournament with 13 players on their side.
The average age of all teams was 27 years, 8 months – five months older than the previous tournament. Samuel Eto'o of Cameroon was the youngest player selected in the competition at 17 years, 3 months, while the oldest was Jim Leighton of Scotland at 39 years, 11 months. |
1998 FIFA World Cup | Group stage | Group stage
right|thumb|upright=1.9|
All times are Central European Summer Time (UTC+2)
Key for tablesPld = total games played
W = total games won
D = total games drawn (tied)
L = total games lost
GF = total goals scored (goals for)
GA = total goals conceded (goals against)
GD = goal difference (GF−GA)
Pts = total points accumulated |
1998 FIFA World Cup | Group A | Group A
Defending champions Brazil won Group A after only two matches as the nation achieved victories over Scotland (2–1) and Morocco (3–0). Heading into the third game, Brazil had nothing to play for but still started its regulars against Norway, who was looking to upset Brazil once again. Needing a victory, Norway overturned a 1–0 deficit with 7 minutes remaining to defeat Brazil 2–1, with Kjetil Rekdal scoring the winning penalty to send Norway into the knockout stage for the first time.
Norway's victory denied Morocco a chance at the Round of 16, despite winning 3–0 against Scotland. It was only Morocco's second ever victory at a World Cup, having recorded its first previous win 12 years earlier on 11 June 1986.
Scotland managed only one point, coming in a 1–1 draw against Norway, and failed to get out of the first round for an eighth time in the FIFA World Cup, a record that stands to this date. |
1998 FIFA World Cup | Group B | Group B
Italy and Chile progressed to the second round, while Austria failed to win for the first time since 1958 and Cameroon failed to get out of the group stage for the second time in a row. |
1998 FIFA World Cup | Group C | Group C
France, the host nation, swept Group C when the start of their path to their first FIFA World Cup trophy culminated with their 2–1 win over Denmark, who despite their loss, progressed to the second round. Saudi Arabia, after a good performance four years earlier, finished bottom with only one point. Debutant South Africa grabbed two points and also exited at the group stage. |
1998 FIFA World Cup | Group D | Group D
Nigeria and Paraguay advanced to the Round of 16 after a surprise elimination of top seed Spain, while Bulgaria failed to repeat their surprise performance from the previous tournament. |
1998 FIFA World Cup | Group E | Group E
The Netherlands and Mexico advanced with the same record, with the former placing first on goal difference. Belgium and eventual 2002 FIFA World Cup co-hosts South Korea failed to advance. |
1998 FIFA World Cup | Group F | Group F
Germany and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia advanced, each with 7 points (Germany took 1st through goal differential tiebreak). Iran and 1994 host United States failed to advance. |
1998 FIFA World Cup | Group G | Group G
Romania topped the group over England, while Colombia and Tunisia were unable to reach the last 16, despite Colombia having one win. |
1998 FIFA World Cup | Group H | Group H
Argentina finished at the top of Group H against three debutants. Croatia took the runners-up spot while Jamaica and Japan failed to advance. |
1998 FIFA World Cup | Knockout stage | Knockout stage
The knockout stage comprised the 16 teams that advanced from the group stage of the tournament. For each game in the knockout stage, any draw at 90 minutes was followed by 30 minutes of extra time; if scores were still level, there was a penalty shoot-out to determine who progressed to the next round. The Golden goal rule was also used, whereby if a team scored during extra time, they would immediately win the game. |
1998 FIFA World Cup | Bracket | Bracket |
1998 FIFA World Cup | Round of 16 | Round of 16 |
1998 FIFA World Cup | Quarter-finals | Quarter-finals |
1998 FIFA World Cup | Semi-finals | Semi-finals |
1998 FIFA World Cup | Third place play-off | Third place play-off
Croatia beat the Netherlands to earn third place in the competition. Davor Šuker scored the winner in the 36th minute to secure the golden boot. |
1998 FIFA World Cup | Final | Final
The final was held on 12 July 1998 at the Stade de France, Saint-Denis. France defeated holders Brazil 3–0, with two goals from Zinedine Zidane and a stoppage time strike from Emmanuel Petit. The win gave France their first World Cup title, becoming the sixth national team after Uruguay, Italy, England, West Germany and Argentina to win the tournament on their home soil. They also inflicted the second-heaviest World Cup defeat on Brazil, later to be topped by Brazil's 7–1 defeat by Germany in the semi-finals of the 2014 FIFA World Cup.
The pre-match build up was dominated by the omission of Brazilian striker Ronaldo from the starting lineup only to be reinstated 45 minutes before kick-off. He managed to create the first open chance for Brazil in the 22nd minute, dribbling past defender Thuram before sending a cross out on the left side that goalkeeper Fabien Barthez struggled to hold onto. France however took the lead after Brazilian defender Roberto Carlos conceded a corner from which Zidane scored via a header. Three minutes before half-time, Zidane scored his second goal of the match, similarly another header from a corner. The tournament hosts went down to ten men in the 68th minute as Marcel Desailly was sent off for a second bookable offence. Brazil reacted to this by making an attacking substitution and although they applied pressure France sealed the win with a third goal: substitute Patrick Vieira set up his club teammate Petit in a counterattack to shoot low past goalkeeper Cláudio Taffarel.
French president Jacques Chirac was in attendance to congratulate the winners and commiserate the runners-up after the match. Several days after the victory, winning manager Aimé Jacquet announced his resignation from the French team with immediate effect. |
1998 FIFA World Cup | Statistics | Statistics |
1998 FIFA World Cup | Goalscorers | Goalscorers
Davor Šuker received the Golden Boot for scoring six goals. In total, 171 goals were scored by 112 players:
6 goals
Davor Šuker
5 goals
Gabriel Batistuta
Christian Vieri
4 goals
Ronaldo
Marcelo Salas
Luis Hernández
3 goals
Bebeto
César Sampaio
Rivaldo
Thierry Henry
Oliver Bierhoff
Jürgen Klinsmann
Dennis Bergkamp
2 goals
Ariel Ortega
Marc Wilmots
Robert Prosinečki
Brian Laudrup
Michael Owen
Alan Shearer
Emmanuel Petit
Lilian Thuram
Zinedine Zidane
Roberto Baggio
Theodore Whitmore
Ricardo Peláez
Salaheddine Bassir
Abdeljalil Hadda
Phillip Cocu
Ronald de Boer
Patrick Kluivert
Viorel Moldovan
Shaun Bartlett
Fernando Hierro
Fernando Morientes
Slobodan Komljenović
1 goal
Claudio López
Mauricio Pineda
Javier Zanetti
Andreas Herzog
Toni Polster
Ivica Vastić
Luc Nilis
Emil Kostadinov
Patrick M'Boma
Pierre Njanka
José Luis Sierra
Léider Preciado
Robert Jarni
Mario Stanić
Goran Vlaović
Thomas Helveg
Martin Jørgensen
Michael Laudrup
Peter Møller
Allan Nielsen
Marc Rieper
Ebbe Sand
Darren Anderton
David Beckham
Paul Scholes
Laurent Blanc
Youri Djorkaeff
Christophe Dugarry
Bixente Lizarazu
David Trezeguet
Andreas Möller
Mehdi Mahdavikia
Hamid Estili
Luigi Di Biagio
Robbie Earle
Masashi Nakayama
Cuauhtémoc Blanco
Alberto García Aspe
Mustapha Hadji
Edgar Davids
Marc Overmars
Pierre van Hooijdonk
Boudewijn Zenden
Mutiu Adepoju
Tijani Babangida
Victor Ikpeba
Sunday Oliseh
Wilson Oruma
Dan Eggen
Håvard Flo
Tore André Flo
Kjetil Rekdal
Celso Ayala
Miguel Ángel Benítez
José Cardozo
Adrian Ilie
Dan Petrescu
Sami Al-Jaber
Yousuf Al-Thunayan
Craig Burley
John Collins
Benni McCarthy
Ha Seok-ju
Yoo Sang-chul
Kiko
Luis Enrique
Raúl
Skander Souayah
Brian McBride
Siniša Mihajlović
Predrag Mijatović
Dragan Stojković
Own goals
Georgi Bachev (against Spain)
Youssef Chippo (against Norway)
Tom Boyd (against Brazil)
Pierre Issa (against France)
Andoni Zubizarreta (against Nigeria)
Siniša Mihajlović (against Germany) |
1998 FIFA World Cup | Awards | Awards
Golden Ball AwardGolden Shoe AwardYashin AwardFIFA Fair Play TrophyMost Entertaining Team Ronaldo Davor Šuker Fabien Barthez |
1998 FIFA World Cup | Players who were red-carded during the tournament | Players who were red-carded during the tournament
Ariel Ortega
Gert Verheyen
Anatoli Nankov
Raymond Kalla
Lauren
Rigobert Song
Miklos Molnar
Morten Wieghorst
David Beckham
Laurent Blanc
Marcel Desailly
Zinedine Zidane
Christian Wörns
Darryl Powell
Ha Seok-ju
Pável Pardo
Ramón Ramírez
Patrick Kluivert
Arthur Numan
Mohammed Al-Khilaiwi
Craig Burley
Alfred Phiri |
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