answers
dict | title
stringlengths 16
40
| context
stringlengths 13
1.96k
| question
stringclasses 124
values | id
stringlengths 1
5
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|---|---|---|---|---|
{
"text": [
"22.96 mA/cm2"
],
"answer_start": [
41
]
} | 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2009.03.027 | The 28.6% increase of Jsc (from 17.86 to 22.96 mA/cm2) is particularly notable. | What is the value of Jsc? | 44146 |
{
"text": [
"14.00%"
],
"answer_start": [
40
]
} | 10.1039/C6RA15210D | Finally, the device with a PCE of up to 14.00% was obtained, and the devices exhibit good repeatability and long-term stability. | What is the value of PCE? | 19102 |
{
"text": [
"SnO2"
],
"answer_start": [
298
]
} | 10.1016/j.solmat.2007.05.022 | Second, to study the effect of non-active area and device background over the performance of grid-type DSSC module and optimize the current–voltage measurement conditions.Metal grids with the dimension of 5 μm×300 μm (height×width) were screen printed on previously cleaned, 5 cm×5 cm size F-doped SnO2 glass substrate (TEC15, thickness: 2.3 mm, ∼80% transmittance) by using silver paste (Electro-Science Laboratories Inc.). | What is ? | 40594 |
{
"text": [
"1.10 V"
],
"answer_start": [
110
]
} | 10.1016/j.isci.2019.06.004 | The SnO2 device displays quite obvious hysteresis: under reverse scan direction, it has a PCE of 19.17% (Voc: 1.10 V, Jsc: 23.12 mA cm−2, and FF: 0.755); under forward scan direction, it has a PCE of 16.47% (Voc: 1.06 V, Jsc: 23.03 mA cm−2 and FF: 0.674). | What is the value of Voc? | 4933 |
{
"text": [
"14.37%"
],
"answer_start": [
160
]
} | 10.1016/j.orgel.2019.01.016 | Attributing to the application of the 2D/3D perovskite hybrid films in PVSCs, a PCE of 18.30% is achieved, which is 27% higher than that of the control device (14.37%).Titanium (IV) isopropoxide (97+%), 2-Propanol (HPLC Grade, 99.7+%), PbI2 (99.999%), N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) (99.8%), Chlorobenzene (99.5%), Acetonitrile (ACN) (99%), molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) (99.998%) and silver (Ag) (99.99%) are purchased from Alfa Aesar. | What is the value of PCE? | 1997 |
{
"text": [
"6.85%"
],
"answer_start": [
175
]
} | 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.02.097 | The FF, JSC, and η for the GPI cell were 0.283, 9.68 mA/cm2, and 2.49%, while respective values for the cell with optimized PANI loading (PA-10) were 0.662, 12.40 mA/cm2, and 6.85%. | What is the value of η? | 54073 |
{
"text": [
"6.97%"
],
"answer_start": [
237
]
} | 10.1016/j.ceramint.2019.05.068 | These results imply that carbon material can be considered as an optimal component of the composites to enhance the electron transport ability of the CE catalysts.Mo2C microspheres and nanorods as CEs in DSSCs produced PCEs of 8.70% and 6.97%, respectively []. | What is the value of PCE? | 26537 |
{
"text": [
"4.4%"
],
"answer_start": [
327
]
} | 10.1016/j.ccr.2016.05.008 | The study brought to the synthesis of the “kiss-lock” complex couple bis(2-mesityl-4,7-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline)CuII/I, 80/81, able to significantly outperform the relative efficiency of the benchmark 70/78-based electrolyte in combination with both a tris-bipyridyl Ru(II) and an organic dye (ηrel,70/78 > 200%; up to η = 4.4% and a ηrel, I3-/I- ≈ 100% with the organic G3 dye).The work summarized in this review shows the potentiality of copper complexes as novel electron shuttles for iodine-free electrolytes, opening the way to electroactive couples with even more positive redox potentials and smaller size with respect to the more common direct rivals cobalt-based complexes, resulting in DSSCs with both potentially higher Voc and higher diffusion limited photocurrents. | What is the value of η? | 26670 |
{
"text": [
"10 s"
],
"answer_start": [
84
]
} | 10.1039/C1EE01059J | The value of the Rct decreases from 3.90 to 2.89 Ω as the spray time increases from 10 s to 30 s. | What is the value of time? | 76226 |
{
"text": [
"15.46%"
],
"answer_start": [
119
]
} | 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.09.072 | Perovskite solar cells using these SnO2 nanorod arrays as the ETLs exhibit a best power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.46%, which is attributed to an accelerated electron transport and a decreased recombination rate at SnO2/perovskite interface.Unless stated otherwise, all materials were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. | What is the value of PCE? | 794 |
{
"text": [
"0.16cm2"
],
"answer_start": [
48
]
} | 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.10.114 | The active area of the resultant DSSC device is 0.16cm2. | What is the value of active area? | 58595 |
{
"text": [
"11.02%"
],
"answer_start": [
124
]
} | 10.1039/C4EE01983K | Thus the combination of such simple mechanical and chemical clamping techniques has allowed us to greatly boost the PCE (to 11.02%) as well as the performance reproducibility.We start by firstly demonstrating the synthesis of candle soot and presenting some of its basic structural and electronic properties useful for the hole extraction. | What is the value of PCE? | 14741 |
{
"text": [
"8.44%"
],
"answer_start": [
117
]
} | 10.1039/C6TA10718D | Remarkably, the DSSC based on o-CoSe2 delivered the highest PCE (9.34%) compared to c-CoSe2 (8.91%), the Co3Se4 NTs (8.44%), Pt (8.15%) and the Co3Se4 NPs (7.48%) under the same conditions; the Jsc values of the o-CoSe2, c-CoSe2 and Co3Se4 NTs, Pt, and the Co3Se4 NPs were 17.35, 16.60, 16.10, 15.52 and 14.66 mA cm−2, respectively. | What is the value of PCE? | 68157 |
{
"text": [
"1 cm2"
],
"answer_start": [
32
]
} | 10.1039/C0DT00190B | The active area of the cell was 1 cm2. | What is the value of active area? | 63798 |
{
"text": [
"18.85%"
],
"answer_start": [
84
]
} | 10.1039/C7TA09946K | In sharp contrast, the maximum PCE of the PSCs with FBT-Th4/CuxO as the HTL reached 18.85% measured in the reverse scan direction including a VOC of 1.12 V, a JSC of 22.35 mA cm−2, and a FF of 75.4%. | What is the value of PCE? | 22866 |
{
"text": [
"11.5%"
],
"answer_start": [
163
]
} | 10.1039/C7TC05238C | The newly developed HTM, named DPA–ANT–DPA, was synthesized in a single step and used successfully in mesoporous perovskite solar cell devices, achieving a PCE of 11.5% under 1 Sun condition with impressive stability. | What is the value of PCE? | 15011 |
{
"text": [
"67.0%"
],
"answer_start": [
190
]
} | 10.1016/j.solener.2018.11.038 | Additionally, solar cells employing FS02 and FS04 yielded comparable overall conversion efficiencies of 7.82% and 7.33% with JSC of 17.73 and 17.79mAcm−2, VOC of 0.660 and 0.641V, and FF of 67.0% and 64.3%, respectively. | What is the value of FF? | 35875 |
{
"text": [
"0.086cm2"
],
"answer_start": [
162
]
} | 10.1016/j.solener.2019.01.061 | Finally, 100nm thick silver top electrode was evaporated at 1Å/s using a thermal evaporator under vacuum of 10-6Torr with a shadow mask to give an active area of 0.086cm2.The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterization was done using a JEOL (JSM-7800F). | What is the value of active area? | 9121 |
{
"text": [
"19.61mA/cm2"
],
"answer_start": [
158
]
} | 10.1016/j.synthmet.2018.05.012 | After PEDOT: PSS was treated by using DMSO, ethanol or ethanol/10vol% DMSO, the JSC values of the corresponding champion devices increased to 17.9, 17.59 and 19.61mA/cm2, respectively. | What is the value of JSC? | 10349 |
{
"text": [
"7.59%"
],
"answer_start": [
154
]
} | 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2010.05.020 | By optimizing the TiO2 hollow spheres’ content in TiO2 nanocrystalline, a higher performance of the DSSC (Jsc= 16 mA cm−2, Voc= 0.72 V, FF = 0.648 and η= 7.59%) is obtained compared with the pure TiO2 nanocrystalline DSSC (Jsc= 13.96 mA cm−2, Voc= 0.686 V, FF = 0.684 and η= 6.67%, measured at 98.3 mW cm−2, AM1.5). | What is the value of η? | 52347 |
{
"text": [
"0.78 V"
],
"answer_start": [
161
]
} | 10.1016/j.solener.2016.02.049 | The devices with PEDOT:PSS-only layer exhibited an overall PCE of 10.0% with short-circuit current density (JSC) of 17.55 mA cm−2, open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.78 V, and fill factor (FF) of 0.72. | What is the value of VOC? | 8335 |
{
"text": [
"1.94%"
],
"answer_start": [
310
]
} | 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.03.037 | As sensitizers, the porphyrin dye bearing a thiophene ring as the π-conjugated spacer gave better cell performance with a short-circuit photocurrent density (Jsc) of 4.57 mA cm−2, an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.59 V, and a fill factor (ff) of 0.59, corresponding to an overall conversion efficiency (η) of 1.94%.Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have attracted considerable and sustained attention as they offer the possibility of low-cost conversion of photoenergy. | What is the value of η? | 58066 |
{
"text": [
"1.04 V"
],
"answer_start": [
112
]
} | 10.1039/C8TA06925E | used a solvent annealing method to improve the crystallinity of PCBM and resulted in an enhancement of Voc from 1.04 V to 1.13 V. | What is the value of Voc? | 17977 |
{
"text": [
"8.42%"
],
"answer_start": [
81
]
} | 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.05.008 | Power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the prepared hybrid has been achieved up to 8.42%, in contrast to the platinum-based counter electrode (PCE = 7.81%) used in DSSCs. | What is the value of PCE? | 29707 |
{
"text": [
"14.07%"
],
"answer_start": [
182
]
} | 10.1016/j.nanoen.2017.11.003 | When directly deposited on perovskite films, MWCNT could form a seamless contact at the perovskite/carbon interface, thus boosting the power-conversion efficiency (PCE) of C-PSCs to 14.07% as compared to drop cast MWCNT electrodes. | What is the value of PCE? | 9670 |
{
"text": [
"Au"
],
"answer_start": [
186
]
} | 10.1016/j.synthmet.2016.06.003 | The higher electron injection efficiency of ZnPc-Cou caused by its larger driving force can also contribute to its Jsc value (c and d) shows the IPCE curves for FTO/TiO2/Dyes/MAPbI3/HTM/Au, FTO/TiO2/MAPbI3/HTM/Au and FTO/TiO2/Dyes/HTM/Au solar cells. | What is FTO? | 10617 |
{
"text": [
"100mWcm−2"
],
"answer_start": [
160
]
} | 10.1016/j.carbon.2015.10.059 | Current–voltage characteristics of DSCCs were obtained with a computer-programmed Keithley 2400 source meter (Keithley, USA) under 1 sun illumination (AM 1.5G, 100mWcm−2)by a Zolix's solar simulator. | What is the value of illumination? | 58724 |
{
"text": [
"90 s"
],
"answer_start": [
64
]
} | 10.1039/C4RA05644B | The peak value achieved is 0.37% with the sensitization time of 90 seconds. | What is the value of time? | 68187 |
{
"text": [
"100mWcm−2"
],
"answer_start": [
149
]
} | 10.1016/j.dyepig.2016.09.043 | The incident photocurrent conversion efficiencies (IPCEs) and photocurrent–voltage (J–V) curves were measured for all dyes under AM 1.5 solar light (100mWcm−2); Jsc, Voc, the fill factor (FF), and the solar-to-electrical photocurrent density (η) are presented in . | What is the value of solar? | 48241 |
{
"text": [
"3.4%"
],
"answer_start": [
78
]
} | 10.1039/C4TA05264A | Flexible DSSCs with the new cathode show a PCE of 3.9%, outperforming that of 3.4% for the DSSC with a Pt cathode. | What is the value of PCE? | 65276 |
{
"text": [
"10.02mAcm−2"
],
"answer_start": [
337
]
} | 10.1016/j.dyepig.2015.02.001 | The short-circuit current density (Jsc), open-circuit voltage (Voc) and fill factor (ff) value under 100mWcm−2 AM 1.5G irradiation were determined from the photocurrent density–voltage (J–V) curves of the cells (The DSSCs based on UY10, which has double Bodipy conjugated spacers and anchoring units, features Jsc, Voc, and ff values of 10.02mAcm−2, 522mV, 0.67, respectively. | What is the value of Jsc? | 24588 |
{
"text": [
"780"
],
"answer_start": [
551
]
} | 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2013.03.012 | Therefore, it is not expected that F doping contributes to the optical absorption spectra of TiO2The conduction band and surface states of nanostructured TiO2 electrodes play an important role in the photoelectrochemical properties of DSSCs, so it is necessary to investigate how the F doping influences on the conduction band and surface states of nanostructured TiO2 electrodes.Spectroelectrochemical measurement was normally applied for the monitoring of the electron filling in conduction band Shows the potential-dependent absorption spectra at 780 nm of pure TiO2 and F-doped TiO2 electrodes, measured in 0.2 mol L−1 LiClO4 acetonitrile electrolytes. | What is TiO2? | 44786 |
{
"text": [
"10 mm2"
],
"answer_start": [
120
]
} | 10.1016/j.nanoen.2016.09.004 | Finally, an 80 nm thick Au electrode was deposited by thermal evaporation using a shadow mask to form an active area of 10 mm2. | What is the value of active area? | 1143 |
{
"text": [
"0.25cm2"
],
"answer_start": [
49
]
} | 10.1016/j.tet.2013.11.072 | The active area was controlled at a dimension of 0.25cm2 by adhering 60μm thick polyester tape on the Pt electrode. | What is the value of active area? | 26194 |
{
"text": [
"0.36 cm2"
],
"answer_start": [
20
]
} | 10.1039/C5RA15054J | The active area was 0.36 cm2 and kept constant. | What is the value of active area? | 68594 |
{
"text": [
"ITO"
],
"answer_start": [
974
]
} | 10.1039/C8TC01033A | E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] Han National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wu Han 430074, ChinaDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USABy considering facile molecular diffusion and optically generated electrical polarization, this article reports, for the first time, that directly introducing optically polarizable non-fullerene electron acceptor ITIC molecules into organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite (MAPbI3−xClx) films with uniform and non-uniform gradient distributions can surprisingly enhance spin–orbital coupling (SOC) with the consequence of increasing the conversion from photogenerated spin-singlets to spin-triplets, boosting the spin states available for photovoltaic actions and enhancing the power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 15.3% to 17.2% with a Jsc of 20.2 mA cm−2, a Voc of 1.08 V, and a FF of 79% in perovskite solar cells [ITO/PEDOT:PSS/MAPbI3−xClx/PCBM/PEI/Ag]. | What is ? | 20634 |
{
"text": [
"0.78 V"
],
"answer_start": [
166
]
} | 10.1039/C3RA41602J | When the organic ligand capped CuInS2 NCs films treated with sintering at 500 °C (BS-CuInS2), the corresponding DSSC has the following photovoltaic parameters: VOC = 0.78 V, JSC = 12.34 mA cm−2, FF = 0.6509, and Z = 6.25%. | What is the value of VOC? | 76004 |
{
"text": [
"6.92%"
],
"answer_start": [
186
]
} | 10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.11.091 | The AP-HC as a counter electrode (CE) for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) exhibits remarkable catalytic activity for I3- ion reduction and a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 6.92% that matches the Pt-based DSSC's performance (7.19%). | What is the value of PCE? | 42609 |
{
"text": [
"4.21%"
],
"answer_start": [
119
]
} | 10.1016/j.dyepig.2014.10.016 | On the other hand, the dye DP-2, with a mixture of fluorene and thiophene units as the linker, shows a much lower η of 4.21%. | What is the value of η? | 53077 |
{
"text": [
"0.63 V"
],
"answer_start": [
116
]
} | 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2010.05.004 | It can be seen that the solar cells with electrolyte A showed Jsc of 11.7 mA cm−2, an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.63 V, fill factor (FF) of 0.63 and energy conversion efficiency (η) of 4.64%. | What is the value of Voc? | 40125 |
{
"text": [
"69.29%"
],
"answer_start": [
106
]
} | 10.1016/j.jssc.2019.05.027 | The PCE of device based on IL/C60/IL ETL is 14.59%, with a Voc of 0.93V, a Jsc of 22.56mA/cm2 and a FF of 69.29%. | What is the value of FF? | 7525 |
{
"text": [
"7.81%"
],
"answer_start": [
49
]
} | 10.1016/j.vacuum.2016.12.037 | and PCE values of 13.44mA/cm2, 0.90V, 64.69% and 7.81%, respectively. | What is the value of PCE? | 1615 |
{
"text": [
"60%"
],
"answer_start": [
81
]
} | 10.1016/j.carbon.2018.09.090 | As average values, individual cells feature Jsc of 10mA/cm2, Voc of 0.75V, FF of 60%, and η of 4.5% (e). | What is the value of FF? | 52164 |
{
"text": [
"100mWcm−2"
],
"answer_start": [
115
]
} | 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.07.060 | The current density-voltage (J-V) performance of the DSSCs was investigated under simulated AM 1.5 illumination (I=100mWcm−2, PEC-L01, Peccell, Yokohama, Japan).The SEM images of pure CNFs, pure MnO2 and the different composites of MnO2/CNFs are shown in . | What is the value of illumination? | 31970 |
{
"text": [
"11.5%"
],
"answer_start": [
116
]
} | 10.1039/C6TA10506H | A DSC with dye SC-3 employing the bulky DBPA–PC electron donor achieved a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.5% measured under the air mass 1.5 global (AM1.5G) conditions, owing to the significantly reduced interfacial charge recombination. | What is the value of PCE? | 62273 |
{
"text": [
"17.6mAcm−2"
],
"answer_start": [
103
]
} | 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.11.012 | Notably, the DSSC with PtNi alloy CE yields a remarkable power conversion efficiency (η) of 8.65% (Jsc=17.6mAcm−2, Voc=0.702V, and FF=0.701) in comparison to 7.86% for pristine Pt CE based solar cell. | What is the value of Jsc? | 41215 |
{
"text": [
"6.5%"
],
"answer_start": [
125
]
} | 10.1016/j.solener.2019.03.056 | In optimized sensitization conditions, M−DSSCs employing silica nanoparticles solely in the spacer layers displayed a PCE of 6.5%; only 0.2 percentage points less than that of the cells with commonly used spacers obtained from ZrO2-terpineol pastes. | What is the value of PCE? | 54888 |
{
"text": [
"13.7%"
],
"answer_start": [
221
]
} | 10.1016/j.tsf.2017.07.019 | The device exhibited high photovoltaic performance with a short-circuit current (JSC) of 20.5 mA cm− 2, an open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 1010 mV, and a fill factor (FF) of 0.67, and a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13.7%, when forward bias scanning was employed, while the scanning in opposite direction, a PCE of 12.3% was obtained with JSC= 20.4 mAcm− 2, VOC= 0.98 V, and FF= 0.61. | What is the value of PCE? | 9354 |
{
"text": [
"Titanium dioxide"
],
"answer_start": [
192
]
} | 10.1016/j.solener.2019.05.030 | The prepared aerogels were named as PAniNT/rGOA (0.6), PAniNT/rGOA (0.8), PAniNT/rGOA and PAniNT/rGOA (1.2) with 6, 8, 10 and 12mgmL−1 of PAniNT s with 10mgmL−1 in GO respectively.Photoanode: Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nano powder was used as semiconducting material to prepare the photoanode. | What is Photoanode? | 57247 |
{
"text": [
"1.0%"
],
"answer_start": [
430
]
} | 10.1016/j.ccr.2010.11.006 | The two newly synthesized dyes (4 and 5) attained extremely poor efficiencies of the order of 0.01–0.03%, probably due to the single carboxyl group attached on the modified quinoline ligand, obstructing a strong bonding on the semiconductor's surface and thus a good electronic coupling with the density of states in TiO2However, sensitizers bearing a dicarboxy-bipirydine ligand gave higher efficiencies, attaining η values over 1.0%; especially dye 7 attained an efficiency of 1.3% with a short circuit photocurrent density (Jsc) of 3.89 mA cm−2, an open circuit potential (Voc) of 585 mV and a fill factor (FF) of 0.55. | What is the value of η? | 28075 |
{
"text": [
"0.75V"
],
"answer_start": [
95
]
} | 10.1016/j.cap.2010.11.088 | An efficiency of 5.8% for the conversion of solar energy to electricity (Jsc=11.94 mA/cm2, Voc=0.75V and FF=0.64) was obtained for the TiO2 nanopowders synthesised by a simple and low cost polymer gel assisted combustion method at 450°C.In order to meet the increasing energy demands in the future, an environmentally clean and alternative energy resource is needed Polymer gel assisted combustion method is a new method that uses a unique combination of the PVP and triethanolamine as a dispersion and combustion agent, respectively. | What is the value of Voc? | 28614 |
{
"text": [
"70%"
],
"answer_start": [
274
]
} | 10.1039/C4EE00942H | Moreover, the mixed-cation perovskite MA0.6FA0.4PbI3 exhibits superior PV performance to the single cation analogues owing to a greater harvesting and collection of red photons resulting in higher average JSC (19 mA cm−2) without sacrificing the photovoltage (∼1 V) and FF (70%). | What is the value of FF? | 22432 |
{
"text": [
"0.85%"
],
"answer_start": [
510
]
} | 10.1016/j.electacta.2009.12.072 | Under a simulated solar light irradiation with intensity of 100 mW cm−2 (AM 1.5), the photoelectric parameters of DSSCs such as short circuit current density (Jsc), open circuit voltage (Voc), fill factor (FF) and the light-to-electric energy conversion efficiency (η) were measured and summarized in The light-to-electric energy conversion efficiencies for the flexible quasi-solid-state DSSCs with poly(acrylic acid-g-gelatin)/polypyrrole gel electrolyte and poly(acrylic acid-g-gelatin) gel electrolyte are 0.85% and 1.28%, respectively. | What is the value of η? | 37188 |
{
"text": [
"Ag"
],
"answer_start": [
140
]
} | 10.1039/C7SE00536A | By incorporating the spray-cast perovskite layer using MAI and the 99.9% PbI2 into a planar heterojunction device ITO/PEDOT:PSS/MAPbI3/PCBM/Ag, we achieved the maximum PCE of 12.6% (JSC = 22.5 mA cm−2, VOC = 0.87 V, and FF = 63%) without hysteresis, efficiency that is similar to that of the spin-cast counterpart. | What is ITO? | 13841 |
{
"text": [
"10.37%"
],
"answer_start": [
71
]
} | 10.1016/j.orgel.2017.10.018 | The optimized CCE with vibration time of 10min achieved average PCE of 10.37%. | What is the value of PCE? | 11657 |
{
"text": [
"14.9%"
],
"answer_start": [
144
]
} | 10.1039/C5TA02502H | Using DOR3T-TBDT as a HTL, the champion device exhibits a JSC of 20.7 mA cm−2, a VOC of 0.97 V, and a very notable FF of 74%, yielding a PCE of 14.9%, which, to the best of our knowledge, is the highest PCE in planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells using an dopant-free HTL. | What is the value of PCE? | 13772 |
{
"text": [
"3.63%"
],
"answer_start": [
217
]
} | 10.1039/C5CP01512J | The BDMI sensitized DSSC yields a notably high photocurrent density (Jsc) of 14.9 mA cm−2 with an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.42 V and a fill factor (FF) of 0.57, leading to a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.63%. | What is the value of PCE? | 65400 |
{
"text": [
"3.79 mA/cm2"
],
"answer_start": [
529
]
} | 10.1016/j.solmat.2017.08.010 | This is due to the fact that single tube injection drop casting process with large amount of TL anti-solvent on large area substrate could cause the difference between the five single cells of the module, where the dropping of the anti-solvent fixed at a center position of film resulted in the different thickness in a circular distribution on the substrate (thinner at center and thicker at out ring) and the inhomogeneity of perovskite film.From the sub-module perovskite solar cell, the JSC, VOC, fill factor (FF) and PCE of 3.79 mA/cm2, 4.31 V, 0.71% and 11.60%, respectively, were achieved with negligible J-V hysteresis phenomena as seen in . | What is the value of JSC? | 9976 |
{
"text": [
"16.21%"
],
"answer_start": [
161
]
} | 10.1016/j.jpcs.2017.03.020 | First, the Jsc and ff values of the newly fabricated cells increased after 24 h, while the PCE also increased from an initial value of 10.90% to a best value of 16.21% after 24 h. | What is the value of PCE? | 213 |
{
"text": [
"ITO"
],
"answer_start": [
74
]
} | 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.06.013 | d shows the UV-vis absorption spectra of perovskite deposited on ploy-TPD/ITO substrate. | What is substrate? | 6005 |
{
"text": [
"SnO2"
],
"answer_start": [
461
]
} | 10.1016/j.orgel.2018.02.027 | The HOMO values of ZnMe2Pc and HMe2Pc are found to be 5.10 and 5.09eV, respectively, displaying a proper match between perovskite layer (5.4eV) and Au electrode (5.1eV), as shown in c, which indicated that both of the two phthalocyanines may be efficient hole extraction layers from perovskite and hole injection layers into Au electrode.The PSCs based on HMe2Pc or ZnMe2Pc were fabricated and characterized using conventional planar device architecture of FTO/SnO2/Perovskite/HMe2Pc or ZnMe2Pc/Au. | What is FTO? | 11875 |
{
"text": [
"1 Sun"
],
"answer_start": [
231
]
} | 10.1016/j.tsf.2013.08.008 | UV-visible spectrophotometry, glancing incident X-rays diffraction and X-rays reflectivity techniques were used to characterize thin films before cell realization; sealed solar cells were tested under simulated solar irradiance at 1 Sun to determine functional properties.Among transparent conductive materials (TCMs), thin films of metal oxides (MOx) find applications in energy field, such as thin film Cadmium stannate (CTO) is a ternary oxide known since 1970, when Nozik started studying its conducting propertiesRecently, we proposed the preliminary study of CTO deposition by RF sputtering starting from Cd2SnO4 target In dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs), it is known that, to improve overall cell efficiency, a thin film buffer layer (BL) of compact TiO2 has to be used to hinder one critical recombination process (electron back reaction) that takes place at the TCM/electrolyte interface Since we observed an increased sheet resistance in CTO after annealing treatment, this post deposition sintering of Ti layer should be avoided. | What is the value of irradiance? | 59116 |
{
"text": [
"0.69V"
],
"answer_start": [
63
]
} | 10.1016/j.solener.2019.07.068 | FWD8 also showed higher Voc value compared with FWD7 (0.75 and 0.69V, respectively), resulting in better η for FWD8 (6.01%) compared with FWD7 (4.89%) despite of a little lower FF for FWD8 (0.69 for FWD8 vs 0.72 for FWD7). | What is the value of Voc? | 58703 |
{
"text": [
"8.5"
],
"answer_start": [
120
]
} | 10.1016/j.cej.2013.04.057 | Then, a sintering process at 450 °C for 30 min allowed the formation of a nanoporous TiO2 film with a mean thickness of 8.5 μm, measured by profilometry (P.10 KLA-Tencor Profiler). | What is TiO2? | 43815 |
{
"text": [
"0.68V"
],
"answer_start": [
81
]
} | 10.1016/j.dyepig.2019.01.035 | The results indicate that, IA-1 showed maximum PCE of 5.92% (JSC=12.3mAcm−2, VOC=0.68V, and FF=70.29). | What is the value of VOC? | 46598 |
{
"text": [
"4.2%"
],
"answer_start": [
58
]
} | 10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.09.215 | The average PCE exhibits: 1.4% for ml-0, 3.5% for ml-250, 4.2% for ml-410, 4.5% for ml-640, and 3.2% for ml-900. | What is the value of PCE? | 9415 |
{
"text": [
"720.0mV"
],
"answer_start": [
448
]
} | 10.1016/j.dyepig.2015.04.003 | For comparison, control groups sensitized by AZ360 or AZ362 were fabricated, which produce PCEs of 6.60% (Jsc=14.92mAcm−2, Voc=680.1mV, and FF=0.65) and 7.00% (Jsc=15.56mAcm−2, Voc=690.1mV, and FF=0.65), respectively.Next, different molar percentages of SE (10%, 30%, and 50%) were added into AZ362 for optimizing co-sensitized conditions, and corresponding devices exhibit PCEs of 7.46% (Jsc=15.91mAcm−2, Voc=700.0mV), 7.65% (Jsc=16.24mAcm−2, Voc=720.0mV), and 7.26% (Jsc=14.97mAcm−2, Voc=688.8mV), respectively. | What is the value of Voc? | 56067 |
{
"text": [
"M7-Br"
],
"answer_start": [
340
]
} | 10.1016/j.nanoen.2016.10.041 | The smaller domain sizes are thought to be beneficial for OSCs by allowing several of the generated excitons to diffuse to the D/A interface and sequentially dissociate into electrons and holes, resulting in low charge recombination losses In summary, we have successfully applied three novel A–D–A conjugated molecule materials termed M6, M7-Br and M7-TFSI both as additive-free HTMs in (FAPbI3)0.85(MAPbBr3)0.15 based PSCs and as donor materials in OSCs. | What is HTM? | 11313 |
{
"text": [
"17.7"
],
"answer_start": [
52
]
} | 10.1039/C7TA09122B | The authors achieved FAxPEA1−xPbI3 solar cells with 17.7% PCE and negligible hysteresis and minimal degradation in device performance over a 16 day period. | What is ? | 17351 |
{
"text": [
"1 mm2"
],
"answer_start": [
60
]
} | 10.1039/C3SC51026C | For counter electrode fabrication, FTO plates with holes of 1 mm2 at the edge of the active area were used. | What is the value of active area? | 68814 |
{
"text": [
"5.960mAcm−2"
],
"answer_start": [
121
]
} | 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.07.097 | In comparison, for the highest efficiency, observed for DSSCs fabricated with a ZnO deposition time of 60min, the Jsc is 5.960mAcm−2, Voc is 0.895V and FF is 0.704, which gives an efficiency of 3.755%, namely more than double the conversion efficiency of bare TiO2 nanotube arrays. | What is the value of Jsc? | 59509 |
{
"text": [
"788 mV"
],
"answer_start": [
77
]
} | 10.1039/C0JM01418D | The cell based on this new heteroleptic ruthenium dye provides a high Voc of 788 mV and an overall conversion efficiency (η) of 8.96%. | What is the value of Voc? | 68681 |
{
"text": [
"15.4%"
],
"answer_start": [
95
]
} | 10.1039/C5TA09011C | who used a C60/bathophenanthroline (Bphen) ETL to modify the Ca/Ag electrode, and a remarkable 15.4% PCE with high productivity was achieved. | What is the value of PCE? | 12556 |
{
"text": [
"FTO"
],
"answer_start": [
200
]
} | 10.1016/j.joule.2018.06.012 | Surface morphology and cross-sectional images were obtained using a Hitachi S-4800 field emission scanning electron microscope at 2 kV power.The samples for conductivity measurements were prepared on FTO-coated glasssubstrates with a thin layer of TiO2 deposited atop of it. | What is ? | 10281 |
{
"text": [
"0.776 V"
],
"answer_start": [
136
]
} | 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.03.124 | Encouragingly, the DSSC with the novel in-situ scattering layer photoanode (P-PZ) exhibited the maximum Jsc of 16.24 mA cm−2 and Voc of 0.776 V, resulting in the highest conversional efficiency (η) of 7.50%, much higher than that of the DSSCs based on 2P and P-PT films. | What is the value of Voc? | 45040 |
{
"text": [
"0.93 V"
],
"answer_start": [
114
]
} | 10.1039/C5TA02507A | Under similar fabrication conditions a spiro-OMeTAD based PSSC showed a PCE of 13.45% (Jsc = 21.37 mA cm−2, Voc = 0.93 V, FF = 0.67).Meng and co-workers synthesized two HTMs (HTM 35 and HTM 36, Fig. | What is the value of Voc? | 18165 |
{
"text": [
"4.58%"
],
"answer_start": [
232
]
} | 10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.07.107 | As a result, DSSC based on the AgNWs (TiO2-AgNW) had a higher efficiency (5.74%) compared to DSSCs fabricated with other kinds and morphological metal nanostructures (TiO2-AuNP: 4.76%, TiO2-AgNP: 4.81%, TiO2-AuNW: 5.10%, pure TiO2: 4.58%), which represents potential access for improving the PCE of DSSCs. | What is the value of PCE? | 45049 |
{
"text": [
"0.74 V"
],
"answer_start": [
421
]
} | 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.01.009 | Therefore, the electron will have better diffusion property in the porous film network leading to better electron lifetime.As for the thickness effect on the performance of DSSC at the best compressed pressure (100 MPa), the photovoltaic characteristic such as Jsc, Voc, FF and η are summarized in , the mesoporous TiO2 film with a thickness of around 11 μm achieved the best cell efficiency of 4.37%, FF of 0.71, Voc of 0.74 V and Jsc of 8.38 mA cm−2. | What is the value of Voc? | 41763 |
{
"text": [
"Co-Ni-MoSx"
],
"answer_start": [
49
]
} | 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.11.067 | Under the AM 1.5G irradiation, the DSSC based on Co-Ni-MoSx YSNs achieved a high PCE of 9.76%, which was much greater than that of Pt (8.24%). | What is CE? | 54681 |
{
"text": [
"0.86 V"
],
"answer_start": [
46
]
} | 10.1039/C8TC00086G | Meanwhile, PSCs with the GFs display a Voc of 0.86 V, a Jsc of 18.69 mA cm−2, FF of 55.89%, and a PCE of 8.98%. | What is the value of Voc? | 18186 |
{
"text": [
"9.68%"
],
"answer_start": [
90
]
} | 10.1039/C5TA01861G | By making electron injection more effective and reducing electron recombination, a PCE of 9.68% was obtained for the DSSC based on the co-adsorption system, which was an increase of 16% in comparison with that of a system sensitized by N719 alone. | What is the value of PCE? | 68771 |
{
"text": [
"17.43%"
],
"answer_start": [
103
]
} | 10.1016/j.cclet.2016.06.021 | Combining the excellent hole-extraction ability of the CuOx, high performance PHJ PVSCs with PCE up to 17.43% were demonstrated which is much higher than the ones of 11.98% based on PEDOT:PSS. | What is the value of PCE? | 7721 |
{
"text": [
"10.82%"
],
"answer_start": [
97
]
} | 10.1039/C8QO00788H | Compared with those based on PFN-Br, the conductive fullerene Bis-FIMG exhibited a better PCE of 10.82% (VOC = 0.91 V, JSC = 16.57 mA cm−2, and FF = 0.72).However, Bis-FITG gave a lower PCE of 8.99% (VOC = 0.88 V, JSC = 15.65 mA cm−2, and FF = 0.65) partially due to non-ideal film formation since the long triglycol chains make Bis-FITG a sticky solid at room temperature. | What is the value of PCE? | 17249 |
{
"text": [
"17.29 mA/cm2"
],
"answer_start": [
115
]
} | 10.1016/j.solmat.2016.03.035 | For the device fabricated on the used FTO-1 substrates, it presents a PCE of 10.81% with a Voc of 0.95 V, a Jsc of 17.29 mA/cm2 and an FF of 65.11%. | What is the value of Jsc? | 3524 |
{
"text": [
"5.12%"
],
"answer_start": [
88
]
} | 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.11.086 | As shown in JV curves and , the PCE of Pt/HGF-DSSC (5.55%) is higher than that of Pt/G (5.12%), HGF (4.20%) and pure Pt (5.19%). | What is the value of PCE? | 51736 |
{
"text": [
"0.675 V"
],
"answer_start": [
176
]
} | 10.1039/C2CP24137D | The retarded recombination could decrease the value of kr, then from eqn (1), the Voc could increase, which is in accordance with the result that Voc increased from 0.625 V to 0.675 V with Alq3 modification. | What is the value of Voc? | 69380 |
{
"text": [
"59.3%"
],
"answer_start": [
214
]
} | 10.1016/j.cap.2014.09.015 | The photovoltaic performance of the dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) with PANI NWs counter electrodes (CEs) was optimized at 4th cycles, and then following parameters were obtained: Jsc=17.2mAcm−2, Voc=0.71V, FF=59.3%, and efficiency (η)=7.24%. | What is the value of FF? | 59106 |
{
"text": [
"8.86%"
],
"answer_start": [
143
]
} | 10.1016/j.mssp.2019.03.021 | The device annealed in 30% humidity exhibited a Jsc of 7.24mAcm−2, a Voc of 1.52V and a fill factor (FF) of 0.804, rendering an overall PCE of 8.86%. | What is the value of PCE? | 8171 |
{
"text": [
"17.66%"
],
"answer_start": [
40
]
} | 10.1039/C9TA01452G | The cell based on YT1 produced a PCE of 17.66% with a short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 22.61 mA cm−2, an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.10 V, and a fill factor (FF) of 0.71. | What is the value of PCE? | 22903 |
{
"text": [
"1 cm2"
],
"answer_start": [
115
]
} | 10.1016/j.tsf.2010.04.081 | The DSSC cells were then sealed with AB Glue.The cell photo current (I) and photo voltage (V) were measured with a 1 cm2 active area. | What is the value of active area? | 39309 |
{
"text": [
"CH3NH3PbI3"
],
"answer_start": [
152
]
} | 10.1016/j.nanoen.2018.01.017 | It has been reported that the crystallization of perovskite is strongly influenced by the surface energy level (G), the typical diffraction patterns of CH3NH3PbI3 were obtained. | What is perovskite? | 3740 |
{
"text": [
"5.92%"
],
"answer_start": [
54
]
} | 10.1016/j.dyepig.2019.01.035 | The results indicate that, IA-1 showed maximum PCE of 5.92% (JSC=12.3mAcm−2, VOC=0.68V, and FF=70.29). | What is the value of PCE? | 46606 |
{
"text": [
"58.77%"
],
"answer_start": [
56
]
} | 10.1016/j.solener.2017.11.070 | CL-1D showed a Jsc, Voc and FF of 10.7mA/cm2, 0.67V and 58.77% respectively with power conversion efficiency of 4.2%. | What is the value of FF? | 38724 |
{
"text": [
"1000 s"
],
"answer_start": [
60
]
} | 10.1039/C8TA04246B | Results for the ED-UL TiO2 sample with a deposition time of 1000 s were very similar (data not shown).The morphologies of ED-UL/FTO and SP-UL/FTO were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (Fig. | What is the value of time? | 15954 |
{
"text": [
"8.2%"
],
"answer_start": [
52
]
} | 10.1039/C6RA16865E | An optimum has been found near 100 nm with a PCE of 8.2% with a JSC of 12.3 mA cm−2, a VOC of 1.02 V and a FF of 62.5% (Table 2).The growth parameters of the perovskite layer have been optimized in order to adapt its deposition process on the 100 nm thick sputtered i-ZnO used as hole blocking layer. | What is the value of PCE? | 14679 |
{
"text": [
"6.71mAcm−2"
],
"answer_start": [
42
]
} | 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.04.093 | The CYC-B11/P3HT device exhibits a JSC of 6.71mAcm−2, which is about 3.6mAcm−2 or 117% higher than that of the Z907/P3HT device, yielding an excellent PCE of 3.66%. | What is the value of JSC? | 56680 |
{
"text": [
"2.88%"
],
"answer_start": [
105
]
} | 10.1016/j.photonics.2016.05.001 | With the addition of two, four, six and eight layers of IO, power conversion efficiency PCE increased to 2.88%, 3.5%, 4.25% and 3.21%, respectively. | What is the value of PCE? | 50781 |
{
"text": [
"0.7 V"
],
"answer_start": [
244
]
} | 10.1039/C6TC00702C | DSSCs were fabricated using the different materials, highlighting the better performances of the nanoflower-based device in which PCE reached 3% (Table 3).Surprisingly the Voc of the solar cells was impressively high for a SnO2-based device at 0.7 V. | What is the value of Voc? | 19412 |
{
"text": [
"3.96%"
],
"answer_start": [
146
]
} | 10.1039/C0EE00368A | Indeed, the TT15 sensitized cell gave a JSC of 9.15 mA cm−2, a VOC of 600 mV and a FF of 0.72, leading to an overall conversion efficiency (η) of 3.96% (see Fig. | What is the value of η? | 64128 |
{
"text": [
"0.25 cm2"
],
"answer_start": [
102
]
} | 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.09.008 | The DSC curves presented here are related to this second heating step.Solar cells were assembled with 0.25 cm2 of active area. | What is the value of active area? | 37413 |
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