answers
dict | title
stringlengths 16
40
| context
stringlengths 13
1.96k
| question
stringclasses 124
values | id
stringlengths 1
5
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
{
"text": [
"9.5%"
],
"answer_start": [
118
]
} | 10.1039/C4EE01220H | The use of oligomers 1 and 2 as HTMs substantially increased the PCE of the most efficient devices to 10.5% for 1 and 9.5% for 2 under standard global AM 1.5 illumination. | What is the value of PCE? | 22551 |
{
"text": [
"16.41%"
],
"answer_start": [
46
]
} | 10.1039/C6TA06143E | As shown in Table 1, very close PCE values of 16.41% and 17.09% measured under the forward scan and the reserve scan, respectively, are presented for devices with a MCA layer inserted between the c-TiO2 and perovskite active layers. | What is the value of PCE? | 22292 |
{
"text": [
"0.50 V"
],
"answer_start": [
190
]
} | 10.1039/C6DT00377J | Due to the above factors, ZnPA-ZnPHx (x = 1, 2 and 3) assembly devices had better photovoltaic performance than ZnPA; and ZnPA-ZnPH3 with both comparatively high JSC (5.52 mA cm−2) and VOC (0.50 V), had the best η(2.06%) and FF (0.74) among the assemblies. | What is the value of VOC? | 64643 |
{
"text": [
"Ag"
],
"answer_start": [
12
]
} | 10.1016/j.solener.2015.10.019 | Finally, an Ag electrode was completed by thermal deposition with a thickness of 100 nm. | What is electrode? | 5990 |
{
"text": [
"0.18%"
],
"answer_start": [
20
]
} | 10.1016/j.physb.2017.08.079 | Similarly, a PCE of 0.18% was achieved for a Cs3Bi2I9 perovskite solar cell with Jsc = 0.58 mA cm−2, Voc = 0.54 V, and FF = 57%. | What is the value of PCE? | 8919 |
{
"text": [
"100 mW/cm2"
],
"answer_start": [
203
]
} | 10.1016/j.solmat.2016.03.035 | The calculated integrated Jsc values (17.15, 16.59 and 15.88 mA/cm2) based on the IPCE curves are very consistent with those (17.98, 17.29 and 16.75 mA/cm2) obtained from the J–V curves recorded under a 100 mW/cm2 solar simulator, as shown in (b). | What is the value of solar? | 3522 |
{
"text": [
"72.07%"
],
"answer_start": [
159
]
} | 10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.04.226 | In contrast, by replacing the undoped Li(Gd,Y)F4 NCs with doped Li(Gd,Y)F4 UCNCs, the mean JSC increased from 22.37mAcm−2 to 23.14mAcm−2 and FF from 68.77% to 72.07%. | What is the value of FF? | 2819 |
{
"text": [
"6.81%"
],
"answer_start": [
109
]
} | 10.1016/j.jiec.2018.05.015 | When the concentration of CeO2:Gd was increased gradually in the photoanode, a slight decrease in the PCE to 6.81% was observed. | What is the value of PCE? | 26469 |
{
"text": [
"0.1"
],
"answer_start": [
202
]
} | 10.1039/C6TC00702C | The conduction band edges of ZnO and TiO2 are close (around −4.3 eV versus vacuum level) but the former shows significantly enhanced electron mobility in the bulk (200–300 cm2 V−1 s−1) than the latter (0.1 cm2 V−1 s−1).Moreover this material can also be prepared by electrospinning following pretty much the same procedures developed for TiO2. | What is TiO2? | 70615 |
{
"text": [
"CH3NH3PbI3"
],
"answer_start": [
96
]
} | 10.1016/j.dyepig.2018.12.034 | Further, these films were annealed at 100°C for 45min for the conversion of PbI2 to perovskite (CH3NH3PbI3). | What is perovskite? | 10584 |
{
"text": [
"10"
],
"answer_start": [
208
]
} | 10.1016/j.mssp.2015.08.026 | shows the estimated amount of adsorbed dye in both uncoated and MgO-coated TiO2 cases.It is then demonstrated that the coating MgO layer has created more nanopores to accommodate an additional number of 1.92×1016 molecules during the same dye-loading period as that recorded for the uncoated TiO2 case (6 h). | What is TiO2? | 56470 |
{
"text": [
"7.57%"
],
"answer_start": [
220
]
} | 10.1016/j.solener.2012.04.006 | Nonetheless, the PCE of ITO-G DSSC is comparable to other reported works using non-functionalized reduced graphene (0.71–2.94%) (b that the ITO-GP based DSSC has a poorer performance (PCE 7.38%) than that of ITO-PG (PCE 7.57%) with an equal Pt loading (5.6 μg cm−2). | What is the value of PCE? | 36928 |
{
"text": [
"11.7%"
],
"answer_start": [
157
]
} | 10.1039/C6TA06232F | Leveraging the aforementioned benefits together with optimized macropore size as 400 nm, the macroporous perovskite solar device has a significant PCE up to 11.7% with an active layer average visible transmission of 36.5%, strongly reflecting its potential in BIPVs and tandem solar cells.The authors acknowledge the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (91433109, 51472274, 91222201), the Program of Guangzhou Science and Technology (201504010031), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, the State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies (Sun Yat-sen University) and the NSF of Guangdong Province (S2013030013474, 2014A030313148). | What is the value of PCE? | 18598 |
{
"text": [
"8.5mA/cm2"
],
"answer_start": [
70
]
} | 10.1016/j.tsf.2009.03.102 | However, the Jsc and Voc of DSSC with a TiO2 film thickness of 2.0μm (8.5mA/cm2 and 0.61V) are smaller than those of DSSC with a TiO2 film thickness of 1.5μm (9.2mA/cm2 and 0.62V), respectively. | What is the value of Jsc? | 59051 |
{
"text": [
"3.4%"
],
"answer_start": [
202
]
} | 10.1039/C4MH00236A | Different solvents (GBL or DMF) were used to control the MAPbI3 perovskite thin film morphologies and optimal devices containing MAPbI3/C60, MAPbI3/PC60BM and MAPbI3/IC60BA showed PCE of 3.0%, 3.9% and 3.4%, respectively. | What is the value of PCE? | 13330 |
{
"text": [
"60 s"
],
"answer_start": [
85
]
} | 10.1039/C6TA05053K | In addition, even the grain size has increased with increasing MAI loading time from 60 s to 180 s, while the PCE has dropped from 15% to about 5%. | What is the value of time? | 13950 |
{
"text": [
"0.92 V"
],
"answer_start": [
197
]
} | 10.1039/C6RA12205A | A 15.79% increase in Jsc (17.29 mA cm−2 to 20.02 mA cm−2) was observed in PSCs based on TiO2 and H-TiO2 nanopowders, and also there is a slight amplification of the open-circuit voltage (Voc) from 0.92 V to 0.97 V. | What is the value of Voc? | 16421 |
{
"text": [
"14.87Ωcm2"
],
"answer_start": [
211
]
} | 10.1016/j.orgel.2015.11.032 | The EIS parameters of the cells at high frequency region are listed in , the semicircle at low frequency region of all cells are negligible and this phenomenon also appears in other literature , the Rs of Pt is 14.87Ωcm2. | What is the value of Rs? | 55932 |
{
"text": [
"FAPbI3"
],
"answer_start": [
319
]
} | 10.1016/j.nanoen.2016.10.027 | The study demonstrates the potential of Rb as an alternative cation for use in high efficiency perovskite cells.Following the first reported efficiency of 3.8% in 2009, perovskite solar cells have emerged to reach a certified efficiency of 22.1% in 2016 On the other hand, organic-inorganic perovskite with mixtures of FAPbI3 and MAPbBr3 (denoted as mixed perovskite) have emerged as suitable candidates to achieve superior efficiency As suggested by above mentioned reports, the addition of a smaller size inorganic cation (such as Cs) leads to better performance and stability. | What is perovskite? | 11147 |
{
"text": [
"20"
],
"answer_start": [
69
]
} | 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.06.087 | TiO2 nanowires showed length of several μm and diameter in the range 20–50 nm. | What is TiO2? | 43145 |
{
"text": [
"8.2%"
],
"answer_start": [
247
]
} | 10.1039/C4RA05199H | As can be seen, the device fabricated with 2 mg mL−1 PNBA shows the short-circuit photocurrent density (Jsc) of 15.3 mA cm−2, open-circuit photovoltage Voc of 890 mV and fill factor (FF) of 0.604, yielding the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.2%. | What is the value of PCE? | 15965 |
{
"text": [
"6.0%"
],
"answer_start": [
211
]
} | 10.1039/C6TA06987H | Devices with pristine HTM 4 displayed distinctive performance (JSC = 17.9 mA cm−2; VOC = 1.04 V; FF = 68.0%; PCE = 12.8%) compared to devices employing pristine HTM Sp01 (JSC = 17.2 mA cm−2; VOC = 1.02 V; FF = 66.0%; PCE = 11.7%), owing to enhancement of the intermolecular π–π packing interactions, which favors efficient hole transport, improves light harvesting, and induces a charge-separated state.Moreover, the quinolizino acridine core has also been adopted to produce HTM 5 with diphenylethenyl as side units, and its effectiveness compared with HTM Sp01 and HTM 6, which have a triphenylamine core linked to a terminal diphenylethenyl (Fig. | What is the value of PCE? | 13120 |
{
"text": [
"795mV"
],
"answer_start": [
161
]
} | 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.10.081 | The comparative study of the current-voltage characteristics of the cell using MoS2 CE under 1 sun illumination is shown in b indicates the decrease in voltage (795mV) and FF (0.36) compared to the conventional Pt CE (VOC of 827mV and FF of 0.47). | What is the value of VOC? | 29298 |
{
"text": [
"1.03 V"
],
"answer_start": [
98
]
} | 10.1039/C6RA20956D | Under this condition, we observed a high efficiency of PVSCs at 8.87% (Jsc = 16.56 mA cm−2, Voc = 1.03 V, FF = 0.52). | What is the value of Voc? | 17559 |
{
"text": [
"0.70V"
],
"answer_start": [
112
]
} | 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.113522 | For the DSSC fabricated with the S|NiSex-9 CE, the average values of the Jsc, Voc, FF, and PCE are 15.72mAcm−2, 0.70V, 0.68, and 7.48%, respectively. | What is the value of Voc? | 58824 |
{
"text": [
"15.0%"
],
"answer_start": [
94
]
} | 10.1039/C9CS00059C | Accordingly, the optimized device using the doped-HTM achieved a considerably improved PCE of 15.0%, which is a relatively high value considering that a low-cost carbon counter electrode was used in this study. | What is the value of PCE? | 13712 |
{
"text": [
"1.12V"
],
"answer_start": [
280
]
} | 10.1016/j.solmat.2018.02.007 | The JV curve for the composite ETM system with respect to both the forward and the reverse scan directions (g) (the best performing cell in the sample set) along with the basic structural representation of the PSC system shows that a PCE of ~19.12% can be achieved with a VOC of ~1.12V, a JSC ~22.61mAcm−2, and a FF of ~75.83% when measured in the reverse scan direction while in the forward scan direction, a PCE of ~18.10% is achieved with a VOC of ~1.11V, a JSC of ~22.69mAcm−2, and a FF of ~71.60%. | What is the value of VOC? | 8244 |
{
"text": [
"7.896%"
],
"answer_start": [
187
]
} | 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.08.072 | Consequently, the co-sensitized DSSC based on LD04 with N719 gave the highest PCE of 8.955%, exhibiting an improvement of 13.412% compared to the device sensitized with N719 alone (PCE = 7.896%) under the same conditions.The starting materials 4-hexyloxyphenylboronic acid, 5-bromo-thiophene-2-carbaldehyde and 5-bromo-furan-2-carbaldehyde were purchased from Aladdin. | What is the value of PCE? | 40114 |
{
"text": [
"4.32%"
],
"answer_start": [
27
]
} | 10.1016/j.partic.2010.08.013 | For DSSC-A, η and Jsc were 4.32% and 10.04 mA/cm2, respectively. | What is the value of η? | 54659 |
{
"text": [
"7.65%"
],
"answer_start": [
130
]
} | 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.05.113 | The MoS2/CNFs-CE cell exhibits superior efficiency with a higher PCE (8.46%) and fill factor (FF % 70.20) than those with Pt (PCE 7.65%, FF % 68.3) and CNFs-CE (PCE 6.59%, FF % 59.04). | What is the value of PCE? | 58148 |
{
"text": [
"1.5 h"
],
"answer_start": [
84
]
} | 10.1016/S1872-2067(19)63470-4 | These TiO2-NFs become curly brush-like upon further increasing the reaction time to 1.5 h (). | What is the value of time? | 37869 |
{
"text": [
"2.8%"
],
"answer_start": [
285
]
} | 10.1016/j.solmat.2015.09.052 | The corresponding parameters for all the tested cells are included in , following the protocol recently established for J–V data presentation As-fabricated TGL based solar cells with an optimized configuration for stability purposes, gave an initial power conversion efficiency (η) of 2.8%, which after 5000 h of ageing (3000 h of light soaking plus 2000 h of thermal ageing at 85 °C) dropped (by a relative ~10%) to 2.5%. | What is the value of η? | 23746 |
{
"text": [
"1.16"
],
"answer_start": [
94
]
} | 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.09.098 | The small values of the charge transfer resistances at the interface of Pt/electrolyte (RCE) (1.16 Ω cm−2 for FSD106) guarantee the rapid reduction of I- 3 ions at Pt counter electrode Electron lifetime (τe) can be estimated from the peak frequency (f) at lower frequency region observed in Bode phase plot of b (4.46 × 102Hz for FSD101, 1.22 × 105Hz for FSD105 and 4.46 × 102Hz for FSD106) corresponds to the TiO2/dye/electrolyte interface derived from equation τe= 1/2πfIt is well known that dye aggregation is adverse for the DSSCs performances The UV–vis absorption spectra of FSD106 adsorbed on 2 μm TiO2 transparent films prepared in different conditions are depicted in . | What is RCE? | 59666 |
{
"text": [
"0.60V"
],
"answer_start": [
300
]
} | 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.08.127 | A higher power conversion efficiency (η) of 5.44% was achieved for the DSSC sensitized with JD1 dye, with 0.63V, 12.10mA cm−2, and 0.70 for the open-circuit voltage (VOC), short-circuit current density (JSC), and fill factor (FF), respectively, compared to that of the cell with SQ2 dye, which shows 0.60V, 10.38mAcm−2, 0.66, and 4.11% for VOC, JSC, FF, and η, respectively (). | What is the value of VOC? | 39770 |
{
"text": [
"CH3NH3PbX3"
],
"answer_start": [
39
]
} | 10.1039/C4CC07367C | This is also a problem with perovskite CH3NH3PbX3. | What is perovskite? | 19556 |
{
"text": [
"0.16 cm2"
],
"answer_start": [
111
]
} | 10.1039/C7TA05123A | In the following step, the dye sensitized TiO2 photoanodes were scratched into a square with an active area of 0.16 cm2 and then rinsed with ethanol to remove physically absorbed dye molecules. | What is the value of active area? | 68730 |
{
"text": [
"746 mV"
],
"answer_start": [
105
]
} | 10.1039/C6QM00271D | Of all the dyes tested, the cell based on T2 displays the highest η of 8.08% (JSC = 16.17 mA cm−2, VOC = 746 mV, FF = 0.670), reaching ∼98% of the standard N719-based cell (8.20%) fabricated under the same conditions. | What is the value of VOC? | 68262 |
{
"text": [
"13.59±0.43%"
],
"answer_start": [
278
]
} | 10.1016/j.mtener.2017.10.001 | When using the non-stoichiometric precursor solution with excess MABr, the average short-circuit current density (Jsc) and open-circuit voltage (Voc) of the resulting WBG PSCs are improved by about 0.5mA/cm2 and 60mV, respectively, and the average reverse PCE is increased from 13.59±0.43% to 15.72±0.56%. | What is the value of PCE? | 11884 |
{
"text": [
"774 mV"
],
"answer_start": [
88
]
} | 10.1039/C3RA22249G | The Jsc and Voc values of V7 and V11 devices are 15.2 mA cm−2, 691 mV and 12.9 mA cm−2, 774 mV, respectively.To better understand the difference in the Voc of V7 and V4/V11 devices, transient photovoltage decay characterization was done on both devices and compared to the reported values of the V7 device. | What is the value of Voc? | 71569 |
{
"text": [
"TiO2"
],
"answer_start": [
148
]
} | 10.1039/C2EE22870J | The photovoltaic performances of these co-sensitized devices were understood through an analysis of their IPCE action spectra, and by the shifts of TiO2 potentials upon dye uptake and the kinetics of charge recombination examined through measurements of charge-extraction (CE) and intensity-modulated photovoltage spectra (IMVS), respectively. | What is ? | 70286 |
{
"text": [
"0.09 cm2"
],
"answer_start": [
47
]
} | 10.1039/C8NR00695D | The active area of this electrode was fixed at 0.09 cm2. | What is the value of active area? | 18821 |
{
"text": [
"0.75 V"
],
"answer_start": [
72
]
} | 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2016.12.006 | 5% NiO content) achieved a PCE of 4.02%, Jsc of 7.68 mA cm−2 and Voc of 0.75 V.Dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are considered as one of the most attractive low cost photovoltaic (PV) devices since their first demonstration by Grätzel and O’regan in 1991 In order to minimize the charge recombination, it is important to control electron transfer from nanocrystalline films and conducting FTO to redox medium. | What is the value of Voc? | 55987 |
{
"text": [
"492mV"
],
"answer_start": [
73
]
} | 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.06.003 | Interestingly, the performance enhances when using electrolyte EL2: VOC =492mV, ISC =0.397mA/cm2, η=0.324%. | What is the value of VOC? | 41132 |
{
"text": [
"I−/I3−"
],
"answer_start": [
149
]
} | 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.06.032 | However, in our work, the conventional diffusion resistance (Rdiff) for the redox couple is virtually overlapped by Rct2 due to the short length for I−/I3− diffusion available with the thin spacer used (25mm thick), and owing to the low viscosity of the solvents used in our electrolyte (viscosities of ACN and MPN are 0.37 cp and 1.60 cp, respectively). | What is redox couple? | 32800 |
{
"text": [
"100mW/cm2"
],
"answer_start": [
90
]
} | 10.1016/j.jssc.2019.03.042 | A solar simulator (SS50) providing an illumination of AM1.5G simulated visible light with 100mW/cm2 irradiation and a Keithley 2400 source meter were employed to measure the photoelectrical conversion efficiency of the assembled DSSCs. | What is the value of solar? | 30820 |
{
"text": [
"0.73 V"
],
"answer_start": [
182
]
} | 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.03.145 | As expected, MEG/PtNPs CE having good electrical conductivity and high electrocatalytic activity achieves high energy conversion efficiency of 6.69% with Jsc of 12.75 mA/cm2, Voc of 0.73 V, and fill factor of 0.71, which outperforms PtNPs CE.In summary, a facile and scalable preparation of stable aqueous suspension of MEG/PtNPs composite has been developed. | What is the value of Voc? | 56938 |
{
"text": [
"0.657V"
],
"answer_start": [
66
]
} | 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.11.086 | In addition, the Voc of Pt/HGF (0.681V) higher than that of Pt/G (0.657V). | What is the value of Voc? | 51731 |
{
"text": [
"15.46Ω"
],
"answer_start": [
144
]
} | 10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.01.153 | The CoTe2@NCNTs exhibits a lower Rct (0.814Ω) compared to those of CoTe2@NGC (1.88Ω), Pt (2.88Ω), CoTe2 powder (6.86Ω), NCNTs (13.55Ω) and NGC (15.46Ω). | What is the value of Rct? | 59606 |
{
"text": [
"Au"
],
"answer_start": [
86
]
} | 10.1039/C8TA04590A | The best solar cell with the configuration of FTO/compact-TiO2/CsPbI3·0.05DETAI3/P3HT/Au showed a PCE of 7.89% with and improved VOC and FF of up to 1.06 V and 0.61, respectively, and retained 92% of its initial PCE after storage for 1008 h in a dark dry box without any encapsulation. | What is FTO? | 12497 |
{
"text": [
"indium tin oxide"
],
"answer_start": [
20
]
} | 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.07.033 | 80 nm thin layer of indium tin oxide (ITO) coated on a glass sheet (4 × 3 cm2) was employed as a substrate. | What is substrate? | 29258 |
{
"text": [
"701mV"
],
"answer_start": [
78
]
} | 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.01.148 | Under the same conditions, JY02-based cell gave a Jsc of 14.8mAcm−2, a Voc of 701mV, and a FF of 0.63, corresponding to a PCE value of 6.48%. | What is the value of Voc? | 38089 |
{
"text": [
"silver"
],
"answer_start": [
47
]
} | 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.10.034 | After stored in dry air overnight in the dark, silver (Ag) electrode were evaporated on these samples through a shadow mask under a vacuum of 1×10−4Pa. | What is electrode? | 9951 |
{
"text": [
"1.00 V"
],
"answer_start": [
69
]
} | 10.1039/C6TA06987H | Nevertheless, devices with doped HTM 52 displayed high VOC exceeding 1.00 V, which is 80 mV higher than devices with doped HTM 53 (VOC = 0.93 V), due to HTM 52 having a HOMO level about 170 mV lower than HTM 53, which facilitates good pathways for efficient hole transport from the MAPbI3 perovskite layer. | What is the value of VOC? | 12970 |
{
"text": [
"9.04%"
],
"answer_start": [
167
]
} | 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.11.170 | Both excellent catalytic ability of CoFe2O4/GN nanocomposite and exceptional electron-transfer pathway of graphene enable the CoFe2O4/GN electrode to exhibit a PCE of 9.04%, higher than that of pure CoFe2O4 (0.71%), graphene (4.36%), and Pt (6.54%). | What is the value of PCE? | 36474 |
{
"text": [
"7.34%"
],
"answer_start": [
47
]
} | 10.1016/j.dyepig.2018.03.054 | As a result, improved PCEs of 9.32%, 8.49% and 7.34% are achieved for XW33-XW35, respectively. | What is the value of PCE? | 25814 |
{
"text": [
"1.04 V"
],
"answer_start": [
123
]
} | 10.1039/C9TA00551J | As shown by the J–V curves, the best-performing control device shows a JSC of 21.80 mA cm−2, open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.04 V, and FF of 73.40% in reverse scan, leading to a PCE of 16.60%. | What is the value of VOC? | 20618 |
{
"text": [
"100 mW/cm2"
],
"answer_start": [
228
]
} | 10.1016/j.tsf.2011.08.096 | The electrolyte was introduced into the cell by capillary action.The photovoltaic properties of the DSCs were measured on a programmable electrometer with current and voltage sources (2400, Keithley) under the illumination of a 100 mW/cm2 solar light from a standard air mass (AM1.5) solar simulator (XES-301S, SAN-EI Electric).In order to diffuse an electrolyte, Ti electrode should be porous. | What is the value of illumination? | 59332 |
{
"text": [
"MAPbI3"
],
"answer_start": [
15
]
} | 10.1016/j.solener.2018.04.044 | The perovskite MAPbI3 absorber was grown via a spin-coating process using a GBL/DMSO solution of PbI2 and MAI. | What is perovskite? | 1201 |
{
"text": [
"6.5%"
],
"answer_start": [
222
]
} | 10.1016/j.matlet.2018.11.099 | DSSCs fabricated with 1.0wt% α-Al2O3 added TNR exhibited an improved open-circuit photo voltage of 0.68V, short-circuit current density of 15.23mAcm−2, fill factor of 0.63 and photo-electric conversion efficiency (PCE) of 6.5%.For the last two decades, low-cost dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have been extensively studied and become one of the promising alternatives to silicon-based photovoltaic cells In this letter, we introduced a new approach on the photoanode for specific surface area enhancement, electron collection improvement, and electron lifetime and transport extension. | What is the value of PCE? | 45006 |
{
"text": [
"6.8%"
],
"answer_start": [
255
]
} | 10.1039/B210384B | E-mail: [email protected]; Fax: +81-298-61-6771; Tel: +81-298-61-4410Received (in Cambridge, UK) 24th October 2002 , Accepted 3rd December 2002We have developed an efficient and novel polyene-dye-sensitized nanocrystalline TiO2 solar cells producing a 6.8% solar energy-to-electricity conversion efficiency (η) under AM 1.5 irradiation (100 mW cm−2): short-circuit current density (Jsc), 12.9 mA cm−2, open-circuit photovoltage (Voc), 0.71 V, fill factor (ff), 0.74.There has been an increasing interest in dye-sensitized nanocrystalline TiO2 solar cells (DSSCs) because of their high solar-cell performance and a possibility of low-cost production. | What is the value of η? | 64273 |
{
"text": [
"0.0919 cm2"
],
"answer_start": [
62
]
} | 10.1039/C8ME00031J | The solar cells were masked with a metal aperture to expose a 0.0919 cm2 active area for testing of both the current–voltage characteristics and stabilized power conversion efficiency (ηMPP). | What is the value of active area? | 18490 |
{
"text": [
"1.14 V"
],
"answer_start": [
93
]
} | 10.1039/C8NR05504A | We found that a thin PbF2 modified layer on SnO2 also enhanced the device's Voc from 1.06 to 1.14 V, while LiTFSI did not affect the devices’ Voc. | What is the value of Voc? | 22131 |
{
"text": [
"0.419 V"
],
"answer_start": [
89
]
} | 10.1016/j.solener.2012.05.003 | Under the same conditions, II sensitized cell gave a Jsc value of 1.71 mA cm−2, a Voc of 0.419 V and an FF of 0.64, corresponding to the η value of 0.46% (see ). | What is the value of Voc? | 43899 |
{
"text": [
"7.60%"
],
"answer_start": [
311
]
} | 10.1039/C7TA01825H | The DSSCs fabricated with TTAR-b8 show the best results among the three dyes, with a short-circuit current density (JSC) of 17.45 mA cm−2, an open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.81, a fill factor (FF) of 0.72, and a cell efficiency (η) as high as 10.21%, while TTAR-9 and TTAR-15 provide relatively low η values of 7.60% and 9.02%, respectively. | What is the value of η? | 76265 |
{
"text": [
"15.1%"
],
"answer_start": [
382
]
} | 10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.07.031 | Note that PMAX is not perfectly equal to (JSC× FF ×VOC)/number of cells, due to small differences in device area and unit cell area.Comparing the PCE of different devices under CFL and LED illuminance and under 1 sun irradiation, it is easy to infer or confirm the outdoor or indoor application each commercial device was designed or is best-suited for.Poly-Si reduces its PCE from 15.1% in STC down to 6.1% (−60%) and even to 2.7% (−82%) under CFL, at 500 lux and 100 lux respectively. | What is the value of PCE? | 39021 |
{
"text": [
"13.92%"
],
"answer_start": [
181
]
} | 10.1039/C6EE00292G | Accordingly, the PSCs with ZnO/PO-TAZ showed a significantly improved PCE of 16.41% with an RS of 1.53 Ω cm2 and an Rsh of 27.1 kΩ cm2 compared to PSCs without PO-TAZ with a PCE of 13.92%, with an RS of 3.72 Ω cm2 and an Rsh of 15.5 kΩ cm2, respectively (Fig. | What is the value of PCE? | 22845 |
{
"text": [
"0.82 V"
],
"answer_start": [
578
]
} | 10.1039/C4MH00236A | At last, an average of more than 10% with maximum PCEs of 12.3% were achieved when x varied in the range of 0 to 0.2, and a low sensitivity to humidity when x ≥ 0.2 was observed (the authors further achieved a higher PCE of up to 16.2% in later reports using solvent engineering in MAPb(I1−xBrx)3 (x = 0.1–0.15)-based devices).Yang and coworkers also fabricated a MAPbI2Br-based mesoporous device by spin-coating a precursor solution of equimolar MABr and PbI2 on the top of one-dimensional TiO2 nanowire arrays, and achieved a PCE of 4.87%, with a Jsc of 10.12 mA cm−2, Voc of 0.82 V, and FF of 0.59. | What is the value of Voc? | 13334 |
{
"text": [
"5.18%"
],
"answer_start": [
150
]
} | 10.1016/j.solener.2014.06.015 | Applying the proposed approach, the maximum PCE of DSSCs containing an optimized amount of MWCNTs (i.e., tMWCNT= 43–48 μm) on the CE was found to be ∼5.18%. | What is the value of PCE? | 49840 |
{
"text": [
"AGO"
],
"answer_start": [
64
]
} | 10.1016/j.solener.2011.11.010 | The graphene-based CEs were produced by spray deposition of GO (AGO samples) or chemically reduced GO (ARGO samples) on FTO glass sheets, followed by thermal annealing. | What is CE? | 32857 |
{
"text": [
"2.92%"
],
"answer_start": [
261
]
} | 10.1039/C0EE00587H | A light-to-electricity conversion efficiency (η) of 6.06% was achieved for the DSSC with ZnO-NS as its photoanode, under 100 mW cm−2 illumination, and this (η) was found to be much higher than that of the DSSC with ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO-NP) as the photoanode (2.92%). | What is the value of η? | 61245 |
{
"text": [
"14.70mAcm−2"
],
"answer_start": [
69
]
} | 10.1016/j.dyepig.2016.09.007 | The SGT-145-based DSSC showed the highest short-circuit current (Jsc=14.70mAcm−2) despite its low extinction coefficient and dipole change, which can expect that BTD moiety plays an important role in the expansion of the absorption range. | What is the value of Jsc? | 33692 |
{
"text": [
"4.26%"
],
"answer_start": [
89
]
} | 10.1016/j.tsf.2015.10.013 | The device with 0.8 wt.% RGO in TNTs produced the highest power conversion efficiency of 4.26%, exhibiting a Voc of 0.696 V, Jsc of 9.54 mA cm− 2 and FF of 71.5% compared to bare DSSCs (only with TNTs) having a PCE of 2.85%, Voc of 0.647 V, Jsc of 6.51 mA/cm2, and FF of 67.6%.Along with the Jsc, there is also consistent increment in Voc (maximum of 50 mV) with RGO in all devices. | What is the value of PCE? | 56122 |
{
"text": [
"0.70 V"
],
"answer_start": [
142
]
} | 10.1016/j.nanoen.2017.12.051 | After the introduction of pyrene between PEDOT:PSS and the active layer, the performance boosted up to a PCE of 2.77%, with a value of Voc of 0.70 V, a value of Jsc of 6.64 mA/cm2, and an FF of 59.60%. | What is the value of Voc? | 5456 |
{
"text": [
"5.84%"
],
"answer_start": [
69
]
} | 10.1039/C5QI00095E | The DL2-based device displays much higher Jsc (11.75 mA cm−2) and η (5.84%) than those comprising D1 and DL1 dyes (Table 2). | What is the value of η? | 69601 |
{
"text": [
"5.19%"
],
"answer_start": [
142
]
} | 10.1016/j.tsf.2015.10.013 | With the 0.2 wt.% of Ag@TiO2 NCs in 0.8 wt.% R-TNT-C, the Jsc and PCE enhanced to 22.2% (from 9.54 to 11.66 mA cm− 2) and 20.6% (from 4.26 to 5.19%), respectively.The DSSC photostability measurements are performed after preparing from photoanodes of 0.8 wt.% RGO–TNTs incorporated with and without Ag@TiO2 NCs at an ambient conditions for 125 h with a time interval of 16 to 20 h. | What is the value of PCE? | 56128 |
{
"text": [
"20"
],
"answer_start": [
57
]
} | 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.06.012 | Nanocrystalline transparent TiO2 electrodes (TiO2 paste, 20 nm EnB Korea) were also doctor bladed onto previously prepared FTO glass substrates and sintered at 550 °C for 30 min. | What is TiO2? | 24324 |
{
"text": [
"CsPbI3"
],
"answer_start": [
197
]
} | 10.1016/j.solmat.2015.09.041 | Here, new contributions to favor the anomalous I–V hysteresis are introduced, such as a perovskite structure without dipole molecules and the interface phenomena in order to reach highly efficient CsPbI3 solar cells.Supplementary data associated with this article can be found in the online version at | What is perovskite? | 9069 |
{
"text": [
"9.61%"
],
"answer_start": [
101
]
} | 10.1039/C8TA12558A | Specifically, DSSCs based on Co–Cu–WSx BHSs achieved a splendid power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.61% which was higher than that of Pt (8.24%) under the same conditions. | What is the value of PCE? | 74286 |
{
"text": [
"13.8%"
],
"answer_start": [
90
]
} | 10.1039/C8QM00620B | Finally, our low-bandgap perovskite solar cells achieved a power conversion efficiency of 13.8%, which is the record result for conventional device structures to date.Since organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) were first reported in 2009, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of this kind of solar cell has skyrocketed to a certified record efficiency of 23.7%, approaching that of crystalline silicon solar cells. | What is the value of PCE? | 21836 |
{
"text": [
"I−/I3−"
],
"answer_start": [
210
]
} | 10.1016/j.synthmet.2013.04.009 | The PANI-layered CEs prepared by iodine doping showed improved doping levels and electrical properties and contributed to a reduction in the total series resistance and better electro-catalytic activity toward I−/I3− redox couples, resulting in enhanced photovoltaic parameters. | What is redox couples? | 26594 |
{
"text": [
"58.68%"
],
"answer_start": [
168
]
} | 10.1016/j.joule.2018.06.012 | A significant improvement in photovoltaic parameters, from VOC= 940mV, JSC= 17.62 mA/cm2, and FF= 27.27% (for pristine Spiro-OMeTAD device) to 990mV, 21.69 mA/cm2, and 58.68% (5.3 mol% BMPyTFSI), respectively, was observed. | What is the value of FF? | 10278 |
{
"text": [
"15.3%"
],
"answer_start": [
501
]
} | 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.11.013 | The temperature was kept constantly around 22°C because our buildings have central air conditioners, and the temperature was controlled all year long, while the humidity variation is due to the weather or season.(a–d): average short-circuit current densities (JSC) are 21.0mAcm−2, 20.4mAcm−2, 20.5mAcm−2, 20.6mAcm−2 and 20.5mAcm−2, respectively; average open-circuit voltages (VOC) are the same, 1.07V; average fill factors (FF) are 0.68, 0.70, 0.70, 0.71, 0.69, respectively; average PCEs are 15.4%, 15.3%, 15.4%, 15.7%, 15.1%, respectively. | What is the value of PCE? | 723 |
{
"text": [
"8.59%"
],
"answer_start": [
138
]
} | 10.1016/j.matlet.2013.01.106 | Comparing with TNFs, the solar cell assembled using A-TNFs with a thickness of 52 μm exhibited a higher Jsc of 17.60 mA cm−2 and a PCE of 8.59%. | What is the value of PCE? | 43869 |
{
"text": [
"Electrolyte-A"
],
"answer_start": [
62
]
} | 10.1039/C2JM16850B | The electron lifetime for recombination (τe) of the cell with Electrolyte-A has the highest value of 21.46 ms, and the cell with Electrolyte-B gives the lowest value of 13.96 ms. | What is Electrolyte? | 64413 |
{
"text": [
"6.98%"
],
"answer_start": [
39
]
} | 10.1016/j.materresbull.2019.01.025 | And the PCE of the DSC with Co-S CE is 6.98%, and also higher than that of the DSC with Pt CE. | What is the value of PCE? | 41526 |
{
"text": [
"19.84%"
],
"answer_start": [
101
]
} | 10.1016/j.nanoen.2018.09.052 | With perovskite bandgap ranging from 1.65 eV~1.69 eV, the corresponding PCE increased from 15.73% to 19.84%, mainly due to the increases of Jsc from 13.88 to 15.08 mA/cm2, FF from 70.45% to 76.98%, and Voc increasing from 1.609 to 1.709 V. | What is the value of PCE? | 4782 |
{
"text": [
"10.34%"
],
"answer_start": [
219
]
} | 10.1016/j.orgel.2017.10.018 | The steady-state current density of the pristine and optimized PSCs were in the range of 11.83–12.41mAcm−2 and 12.89–13.43mAcm−2 respectively, and the according PCE of both PSCs were in the range of 8.75–9.18% and 9.93–10.34% respectively. | What is the value of PCE? | 11653 |
{
"text": [
"12.64%"
],
"answer_start": [
92
]
} | 10.1016/j.ica.2017.05.056 | One pair of fullerene derivatives showing stark difference in PCE is BDNC (7.36%) and EDNC (12.64%). | What is the value of PCE? | 5621 |
{
"text": [
"22.97mA/cm2"
],
"answer_start": [
39
]
} | 10.1016/j.materresbull.2018.06.014 | A higher photocurrent density (Jsc) of 22.97mA/cm2 and a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.6% were obtained, showing 20% and 16.5% increment in Jsc and PCE, respectively, when compared with the un-doped device. | What is the value of Jsc? | 1216 |
{
"text": [
"TiO2"
],
"answer_start": [
93
]
} | 10.1039/C8SE00450A | Dark stability tests of the fabricated unencapsulated PSCs were performed, and the FTO/dense-TiO2/mp-TiO2/MAPbI3/carbon and FTO/dense-TiO2/mp-TiO2/MAPbI3/CuSCN/carbon-based PSCs retained 94% and 74% of their initial PCE values, respectively. | What is FTO? | 15053 |
{
"text": [
"780 mV"
],
"answer_start": [
193
]
} | 10.1016/j.solener.2015.07.036 | Moreover, to further enhance the PCE, we used double-layer structure (9 + 5 μm) by adding commercial paste (CCIC HPW-400) as scattering layer to obtain an optimized result of 8.2%, with VOC of 780 mV, JSC of 14.9 mA/cm2 and FF of 70%. | What is the value of VOC? | 2882 |
{
"text": [
"TiO2"
],
"answer_start": [
337
]
} | 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2013.06.044 | Here, the integrated Jsc values from IPCE were same values obtained 10.70mAcm−2 for U01 and 6.42mAcm−2 for D-1 from the I–V measurement.In conclusion, we molecular engineered and synthesized a new D–A sensitizer, U01, using the stronger electron-donor triphenylamine and cyanoacrylic acid as an electron acceptor moiety for panchromatic TiO2 sensitization. | What is ? | 34908 |
{
"text": [
"0.61 V"
],
"answer_start": [
139
]
} | 10.1039/C6TA01016D | Here, the drop in Jsc was primarily responsible for the diminishing efficiency because both FF and Voc values were maintained at 71.1% and 0.61 V, even for an absorber thickness of 250 nm. | What is the value of Voc? | 60382 |
{
"text": [
"100mW/cm2"
],
"answer_start": [
101
]
} | 10.1016/j.dyepig.2015.06.004 | The J–V characteristics were recorded by using a Keithley 2400 source meter under simulated AM 1.5G (100mW/cm2) illumination with a solar light simulator (Oriel, Model: 91192). | What is the value of illumination? | 28287 |
{
"text": [
"2 Ω"
],
"answer_start": [
130
]
} | 10.1039/C3EE40296G | Encouragingly, utilization of the VASWCNTs greatly enhanced the electrocatalytic activity, yielding a small Rct value of only 21.22 Ω. | What is the value of Rct? | 73835 |
{
"text": [
"I−/I3−"
],
"answer_start": [
176
]
} | 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.02.112 | These results suggests that the electron donating capacity of 2-Mercapto pyridine and 4-Mercapto pyridine would influence the interaction of nanocrystalline TiO2 electrode and I−/I3− redox couple leading to climactic changes in the cell performance. | What is redox couple? | 58617 |
{
"text": [
"0.68 V"
],
"answer_start": [
137
]
} | 10.1039/C1JM10107B | The best performance in this work was observed for the device made with PSP-CF3, which exhibited a Jsc value 15.16 mA cm−2, Voc value of 0.68 V, and ff value of 0.68. | What is the value of Voc? | 74891 |
{
"text": [
"0.16cm2"
],
"answer_start": [
43
]
} | 10.1016/j.carbon.2015.10.059 | The active area of the TiO2 electrodes was 0.16cm2. | What is the value of active area? | 58725 |
{
"text": [
"9.13%"
],
"answer_start": [
86
]
} | 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.02.017 | By employing SiO2 as a dopant and covering, the resultant DSSC gives the highest η of 9.13% at 7 wt% SiO2 dosage in comparison with 6.26% from pure TiO2 photoanode based DSSC. | What is the value of η? | 38285 |
{
"text": [
"71.6"
],
"answer_start": [
107
]
} | 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.10.129 | The IPCE for the liquid-DSC is around 68.0% in a broad range from 480 to 600 nm, with the maximum value of 71.6%, in contrast to a highest value of 69.5% for the gel-DSC. | What is IPCE? | 52887 |
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