answers
dict | title
stringlengths 16
40
| context
stringlengths 13
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| question
stringclasses 124
values | id
stringlengths 1
5
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
{
"text": [
"9.4%"
],
"answer_start": [
244
]
} | 10.1039/C2CP41314K | A typical cell with the C224 dye molecules on titania has a short-circuit photocurrent density (jsc) of 14.86 mA cm−2, an open-circuit photovoltage (Voc) of 0.84 V and a fill factor (FF) of 0.753, affording a power conversion efficiency (η) of 9.4%. | What is the value of η? | 63663 |
{
"text": [
"0.22%"
],
"answer_start": [
209
]
} | 10.1016/j.cap.2007.05.006 | Whereas for the cell without TiO2 nanofiller, the observed open circuit voltage (VOC) of 301 mV; a short circuit current (ISC) of 2.06 mA, a fill factor (FF) of 0.25 and an energy conversion efficiency (η) of 0.22%. | What is the value of η? | 38677 |
{
"text": [
"69.1%"
],
"answer_start": [
340
]
} | 10.1039/C7QM00221A | 5a, the TiO2/PPDI-F3N based devices exhibit the best PCE of 18.3% with a short circuit current density (JSC) of 22.8 mA cm−2, open circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.09 V and fill factor (FF) of 73.7% from reverse scans, while the control devices without PPDI-F3N exhibit a maximum PCE of 16.7%, with a JSC of 22.3 mA cm−2, VOC of 1.08 V and FF of 69.1% (Table 1). | What is the value of FF? | 17749 |
{
"text": [
"5.59%"
],
"answer_start": [
69
]
} | 10.1016/j.mssp.2017.11.030 | The PCE of the device obtained at optimum conditions was found to be 5.59% (parametric optimum) and 6.51% (Taguchi optimum). | What is the value of PCE? | 12120 |
{
"text": [
"0.50 V"
],
"answer_start": [
84
]
} | 10.1016/j.solener.2011.02.027 | We have observed an overall conversion efficiency of 1.13% (JSC= 3.18 mA cm−2, VOC= 0.50 V and ff= 0.71) without additive in the case of PCH001. | What is the value of VOC? | 33940 |
{
"text": [
"4.32%"
],
"answer_start": [
765
]
} | 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.03.206 | The onset of the cathodic current was found beyond −400 mV versus Pt for all cells, while a small shift toward negative potentials for the 0.05 M EiPS based cell relative to all others has been revealed, in perfect agreement with the variation of Voc in The electrical parameters (short-circuit current density jsc, open-circuit voltage Voc, fill factor FF and power conversion efficiency η) of the DSCs prior to ageing are summarized in , the reference MPN-based cells provided the highest performance mainly due to their much higher fill factors (0.71) relative to those of the EiPS-based cells (0.56–0.65), as a consequence of using a solvent with relatively low viscosity.Among the EiPS-based cells, the ones with 0.15 M I2 provided the best mean efficiencies (4.32%), which is mainly due to the highest FF values (0.65). | What is the value of η? | 39683 |
{
"text": [
"18.14%"
],
"answer_start": [
96
]
} | 10.1016/j.nanoen.2017.08.047 | The optimized composite-based cell with Al2O3/NiO interfacial engineering yielded a high PCE of 18.14% with Voc = 1.01 V, Jsc = 23.02 mA/cm2 and FF = 78.01% under standard AM 1.5 G condition (), which is much greater than those of the pristine MAPbI3−xClx device (i.e., PCE = 11.33%, Voc = 0.76 V, Jsc = 21.84 mA/cm2 and FF = 68.27%; see b shows the incident photon-to-current efficiency (IPCE) over broad absorption wavelength from 280 nm to 810 nm with a strong IPCE plateau between 400–750 nm, resulting in the integrated photocurrent density Jsc = 22.55 mA/cm2, which is well matched with the measured Jsc (i.e., 23.02 mA/cm2). | What is the value of PCE? | 2195 |
{
"text": [
"16.1mAcm−2"
],
"answer_start": [
97
]
} | 10.1016/j.cap.2013.12.003 | The DSSC made using the composite with 5wt% NR achieved a short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 16.1mAcm−2 and an energy conversion efficiency (η) of 6.1% (). | What is the value of Jsc? | 44229 |
{
"text": [
"FTO"
],
"answer_start": [
243
]
} | 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.10.152 | Therefore, the alloying of Fe with Se can accept electrons to form coordinated intermediates, which is a prerequisite for robust CE materials.a displays the optical transmittance spectra of various Fe–Se alloys along with Se, Fe, and Pt using FTO glass substrate as a baseline. | What is substrate? | 31756 |
{
"text": [
"641 mV"
],
"answer_start": [
102
]
} | 10.1039/C5RA06774J | With coadsorbent CDCA (10 mM in the dye solution), η was improved to 4.09% (Jsc = 8.74 mA cm−2, Voc = 641 mV, FF = 0.73) for WD9 due to the suppression of dye aggregation by coadsorption, but it was reduced to 4.37% (Jsc = 8.97 mA cm−2, Voc = 649 mV, FF = 0.75) for WD13 due to the decrease of loading dyes. | What is the value of Voc? | 69780 |
{
"text": [
"0.79 V"
],
"answer_start": [
105
]
} | 10.1016/j.nanoen.2014.04.017 | In contrast, we obtained poor device performance in the device with pure CsPbI3 (JSC: 0.26 mA cm−2, VOC: 0.79 V, FF: 0.45, and PCE: 0.09%). | What is the value of VOC? | 3067 |
{
"text": [
"0.44%"
],
"answer_start": [
332
]
} | 10.1039/C8TC03542C | Methyl substitutions in 2 and 3 appeared to be detrimental as the device with 1(bis) achieved a VOC of 790 mV, JSC of 3.0 mA cm−2, FF of 0.51 and PCE of 1.2%; while those based on 2 and 3 only achieved a VOC of 870 mV, JSC of 1.8 mA cm−2, FF of 0.29 and PCE of 0.46%; and a VOC of 810 mV, JSC of 1.85 mA cm−2, FF of 0.29 and PCE of 0.44%; respectively, indicating charge transport issues.Xu et al. | What is the value of PCE? | 70976 |
{
"text": [
"53.90%"
],
"answer_start": [
169
]
} | 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.04.067 | However, the mixed dimensional perovskite cells significantly increased the Jsc from 2.30 mA cm−2 to 5.20–14.49 mA cm−2 and increased the FF value from 42.60% to 44.30%–53.90%. | What is the value of FF? | 5075 |
{
"text": [
"ITO"
],
"answer_start": [
78
]
} | 10.1039/C4TA04482G | Holes move from HOMO of PDPP3T to perovskite and are finally collected by the ITO electrode. | What is ? | 23011 |
{
"text": [
"glass"
],
"answer_start": [
247
]
} | 10.1016/j.jiec.2009.09.053 | Especially, when N3 dye adsorbed, the effect of scattering layers can be observed ( shows the SEM images of the mono-layered TiO2 films (structure (A)) and the multi-layered TiO2 films (structures (B) and (C)) with the scattering layers on SnO2:F glass substrate after sintering. | What is substrate? | 35313 |
{
"text": [
"8.9%"
],
"answer_start": [
69
]
} | 10.1039/C5NR05207F | Devices employing an FTO/glass substrate with nanorods give a PCE of 8.9%, while those using FTO/glass with nanoparticles give a PCE of 5.5%. | What is the value of PCE? | 20281 |
{
"text": [
"9.92 mA/cm2"
],
"answer_start": [
122
]
} | 10.1016/j.carbon.2013.04.075 | The DSSC fabricated from graphene film CE shows low FF and poor cell efficiency, compared with that using Pt/FTO CE (Jsc= 9.92 mA/cm2, Voc= 0.730 V, FF= 69.00%, η= 5.00%). | What is the value of Jsc? | 42075 |
{
"text": [
"0.89 ± 0.003 V"
],
"answer_start": [
168
]
} | 10.1039/C8TA12254G | The photovoltaic properties for the optimized devices are summarized in Table 1.The solar cells prepared with the MoS2 ETL had an average open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.89 ± 0.003 V, short-circuit current density (JSC) of 21.7 ± 0.35 mA cm−2, fill factor (FF) of 63.8 ± 1.06%, and PCE of 12.68% ± 0.46. | What is the value of VOC? | 19693 |
{
"text": [
"7.03%"
],
"answer_start": [
120
]
} | 10.1016/j.solener.2018.08.029 | The co-sensitization of D1 and D2 enhances IPCE response in the visible light region and further improves the PCE up to 7.03%.Dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) can efficiently convert solar energy to electricity at low cost, therefore attracting world-wide attention (). | What is the value of PCE? | 36558 |
{
"text": [
"3.86%"
],
"answer_start": [
162
]
} | 10.1016/j.cej.2015.01.028 | The bifacial DSSCs with high transparent N-doped, S-doped and N/S dual-doped GFs as CEs exhibit dramatically enhanced power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.74%, 3.86% and 4.22% under front-side illumination compared to that of pristine graphene as CEs. | What is the value of PCE? | 46313 |
{
"text": [
"2.36%"
],
"answer_start": [
94
]
} | 10.1039/C7SE00068E | Under global Air Mass 1.5 solar conditions the monomer (D–π–A) dyes D9 and D10 showed an η of 2.36% and 2.34%, respectively. | What is the value of η? | 64924 |
{
"text": [
"3.67%"
],
"answer_start": [
64
]
} | 10.1016/j.tet.2016.04.044 | The PCE of these dyes are in the order X69 (PCE=4.21%)>X67 (PCE=3.67%)>X68 (PCE=3.24%)>X66 (PCE=1.65%). | What is the value of PCE? | 24979 |
{
"text": [
"0.79"
],
"answer_start": [
24
]
} | 10.1039/C7EN00179G | boasts the highest PCE (0.79%) for mesoscopic devices sensitized solely with CNDs. | What is CE? | 61111 |
{
"text": [
"CH3NH3PbI3"
],
"answer_start": [
105
]
} | 10.1039/C6RA04743B | To prepare the perovskite film, the TiO2-coated substrate was held on a hot plate at 110 °C and then the CH3NH3PbI3 precursor solution was sprayed onto the substrate in an ambient atmosphere. | What is perovskite? | 19622 |
{
"text": [
"0.16 cm2"
],
"answer_start": [
40
]
} | 10.1016/j.materresbull.2016.03.037 | The active area of the photoanodes were 0.16 cm2 and the thickness of the films were from 12 to 17 μm (measured by alpha step 500) depending on the amount of compression. | What is the value of active area? | 32760 |
{
"text": [
"8.33%"
],
"answer_start": [
94
]
} | 10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.01.100 | A PCE of 7.79% for DSSC with PEDOT/rGO CE is close to 93.5% of that of Pt CE based cell (PCE, 8.33%), while the FF of 0.67 was enhanced by 11.67% in contrast to the latter one. | What is the value of PCE? | 45460 |
{
"text": [
"94 mV"
],
"answer_start": [
68
]
} | 10.1039/C6FD00228E | This is reflected in the 10 mV difference in VOC obtained for CAD3 (94 mV) and CAD4 (84 mV) sensitised p-DSCs. | What is the value of VOC? | 60340 |
{
"text": [
"15.76mAcm−2"
],
"answer_start": [
45
]
} | 10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.01.252 | As a result, an efficiency of 8.04% with Jsc=15.76mAcm−2, Voc=725mV, and FF=70.34 is achieved. | What is the value of Jsc? | 54455 |
{
"text": [
"TiO2"
],
"answer_start": [
64
]
} | 10.1039/C3TA12669B | The second semicircle corresponds to the charge transfer at the TiO2/dye/electrode interface in the middle-frequency region. | What is ? | 65493 |
{
"text": [
"5.80%"
],
"answer_start": [
81
]
} | 10.1016/j.solener.2017.08.012 | Under standard global AM 1.5 solar condition, the W21, W22 and W23 gave a PCE of 5.80%, 5.70% and 5.75%, respectively.Interestingly, a slight structure modification of phenothiazine dyes can enhance the PCE significantly. | What is the value of PCE? | 38199 |
{
"text": [
"Al"
],
"answer_start": [
113
]
} | 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.07.081 | The PCE of 11.77% is obtained with large FF of 80.52% based on the structure of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/perovskite/PCBM/Ca/Al under one sun illumination (100mWcm−2). | What is ITO? | 4465 |
{
"text": [
"TiO2"
],
"answer_start": [
54
]
} | 10.1016/j.arabjc.2018.06.013 | It seems that decreasing the crystallite size of 90%N-TiO2-10%BFO; as XRD and TEM confirmed, assists electrons transfer via the induced interface formed between BFO and n-TiO2.The core-shell heterojunction interface of BFO@n-TiO2 synthesized using citric acid-PEG template; under hydrothermal condition for the first time, has shown photovoltaic efficiency via using DSSC comprised of 4.5% for the 90%n-TiO2-10%BFO electrode; exceeding so far many of BFO based nanomaterials. | What is ? | 28829 |
{
"text": [
"9.25%"
],
"answer_start": [
73
]
} | 10.1039/C8NR07719C | Evidently, the cell device with the Co–Sn–Se CE produces a higher PCE of 9.25% (Voc = 783 mV, Jsc = 18.2 mA cm−2 and FF = 0.65) than that of Co–Sn–S (8.91%) and Co–Sn–Te (8.72%), arising from their own higher catalytic activity, electrical conductivity, larger specific surface area and larger accessible inner surface for electrolyte filling. | What is the value of PCE? | 61832 |
{
"text": [
"0.634 V"
],
"answer_start": [
60
]
} | 10.1039/C2JM16850B | Therefore, the Electrolyte-C based cell shows a higher Voc (0.634 V) and a higher PCE (4.01%) as compared with Electrolyte-B. | What is the value of Voc? | 64417 |
{
"text": [
"6.98%"
],
"answer_start": [
37
]
} | 10.1016/j.dyepig.2019.107984 | It was found that the highest PCE of 6.98% was achieved by the TH-2F-based cell with an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.68V, a short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 16.07mA/cm2 and a fill factor (FF) of 63%. | What is the value of PCE? | 24281 |
{
"text": [
"21.0 mA/cm2"
],
"answer_start": [
186
]
} | 10.1016/j.cej.2017.04.097 | The photovoltaic properties of the graphene-TCE-based perovskite solar cells with different nD values are summarized in The best solar cell device shows 1.08 open-circuit voltage (Voc), 21.0 mA/cm2 short-circuit current density (Jsc), 76.6% fill factor (FF), and 17.4% PCE for the forward scan direction and 1.09 V Voc, 21.0 mA cm−2 Jsc, 78.3% FF, and 17.9% PCE for the reverse scan direction at nD= 7.5 mM, whereas the pristine-graphene-based perovskite solar cells exhibits 1.03 V Voc, 19.5 mA/cm2 Jsc, 57.5% FF, and 11.5% PCE for the forward scan and 1.04 V Voc, 19.6 mA/cm2 Jsc, 61.8% FF, and 12.6% PCE for the reverse scan condition. | What is the value of Jsc? | 1374 |
{
"text": [
"0.57V"
],
"answer_start": [
131
]
} | 10.1016/j.dyepig.2011.12.006 | A maximum photon-to-electron conversion efficiency of 3.36% was achieved with the DSSC based on HKK-Por 5 dye (JSC=9.04mA/cm2, VOC=0.57V, FF=0.66) under AM1.5 irradiation (100mWcm−2).► Novel zinc porphyrin dyes with triphenylamine moieties was synthesized for DSSC. | What is the value of VOC? | 55329 |
{
"text": [
"7.27%"
],
"answer_start": [
225
]
} | 10.1039/C8DT01131A | The effect of the difference in the configurations of these complexes on their device performances was studied and the sensitizer with a trans arrangement around the metal showed a higher overall conversion efficiency (η) of 7.27% than that of the cis configured complex (η = 2.04%).Energy consumption has been increasing due to the modernization of society and fast development of technology. | What is the value of η? | 75575 |
{
"text": [
"7.39%"
],
"answer_start": [
233
]
} | 10.1039/C8TC00385H | The enhanced hole extraction should be due to well-matched energy levels between the valence bands of doped spiro-MeOTAD (HOMO = −5.25 eV) and CH3NH3PbI3 (HOMO = −5.4 eV) However, when the dopant was not included, the PCE dropped to 7.39% because of the low FF (37.71%), which can be explained by the low hole mobility and conductivity of spiro-MeOTAD. | What is the value of PCE? | 18258 |
{
"text": [
"15.42%"
],
"answer_start": [
22
]
} | 10.1039/C6NR05917A | As a result, a PCE of 15.42% is achieved, which is appreciably higher than the PCE of a device with undoped TiO2 (12.11%).Organic–inorganic lead halide perovskite solar cells have been attracting increasing attention over the past few years due to the astonishing rise in their power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 3.8% to over 21.0%. | What is the value of PCE? | 18658 |
{
"text": [
"5.6%"
],
"answer_start": [
93
]
} | 10.1016/j.jallcom.2011.08.055 | ► The η of DSSCs in the presence of the compact film has improved significantly from 4.2% to 5.6%.Transparent and surfactant-free TiO2 sols containing anatase nanocrystals were prepared by the hydrothermal treatment of water-soluble peroxotitanium acid (PTA) at a temperature of 120 °C. | What is the value of η? | 49937 |
{
"text": [
"452 mV"
],
"answer_start": [
96
]
} | 10.1039/C7QM00211D | Moreover, the Voc values of the DSSCs based on CAT-CHO (440 mV), CAT-NO2 (488 mV), CAT-PET-CHO (452 mV) and CAT-PET-NO2 (456 mV) with an electron-withdrawing substituent are higher than those for the other CAT and CAT-PET dyes (ca. | What is the value of Voc? | 74915 |
{
"text": [
"TiS2"
],
"answer_start": [
36
]
} | 10.1016/j.nanoen.2016.02.010 | The present work indicates that the TiS2–G hybrids are of great potential as efficient and low-cost CE materials for DSSCs. | What is CE? | 23831 |
{
"text": [
"0.745 V"
],
"answer_start": [
164
]
} | 10.1039/C2CP23876D | Among the fabricated DSSCs, the overall solar-to-electrical energy conversion efficiency (η) of N719 reaches the maximum value of 6.33% (Jsc = 16.83 mA cm−2, Voc = 0.745 V, and FF = 50.05%), and the open-circuit voltage (Voc) of TTC102 reaches the maximum value of 0.766 V, which is close to the value of TC105. | What is the value of Voc? | 62390 |
{
"text": [
"681.46mV"
],
"answer_start": [
123
]
} | 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.02.032 | In the case of the modification, the device based on IFGEboth shows the highest PCE of 6.97% with the Jsc of 14.12, Voc of 681.46mV, and FF of 0.72.In order to evaluate the origin of variation in photocurrent brought about by the addition of LiI to the electrolyte. | What is the value of Voc? | 53768 |
{
"text": [
"100mWcm−2"
],
"answer_start": [
100
]
} | 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.10.067 | The current density–voltage (J–V) characteristics of the DSSCs were measured under an irradiance of 100mWcm−2 (AM 1.5 simulated illumination (Newport, 91192, Global)) and an effective irradiating area of 0.25cm2. | What is the value of irradiance? | 45137 |
{
"text": [
"14.78%"
],
"answer_start": [
63
]
} | 10.1016/j.nanoen.2016.10.036 | Whereas, the pristine MAPbI3 device showed a slight low PCE of 14.78% under reverse scan but exhibited a significant hysteresis, for which the PCE obtained under forward scan is only 10.98% (a). | What is the value of PCE? | 7098 |
{
"text": [
"13.10mAcm−2"
],
"answer_start": [
66
]
} | 10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.03.181 | DSSCs based on carbon showed short circuit current density JSC of 13.10mAcm−2 which is higher than Pt (11.80mAcm−2) while power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 5.24% and fill factor (FF) of 0.61 which is lower than PCE of 5.51% and FF of 0.70 of the cells with platinum (Pt) based counter electrode.Dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are known as low-cost photovoltaics devices and have attracted much attention in the last years for their capability to provide low cost power. | What is the value of JSC? | 26523 |
{
"text": [
"indium tin oxide"
],
"answer_start": [
49
]
} | 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2013.04.021 | The NPls morphology of the ZnO grown against the indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate surface is shown in b. | What is substrate? | 28465 |
{
"text": [
"783 mV"
],
"answer_start": [
50
]
} | 10.1016/j.matlet.2014.07.003 | η, Voc and FF of DSSC based on Pt CEs were 6.67%, 783 mV and 0.59, respectively. | What is the value of Voc? | 43015 |
{
"text": [
"FTO"
],
"answer_start": [
27
]
} | 10.1016/j.flatc.2019.100105 | After TiCl4 treatment, the FTO substrates were subjected to screen printing. | What is substrate? | 32290 |
{
"text": [
"72%"
],
"answer_start": [
235
]
} | 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.02.010 | The MAPbI3−xClx mixed halide perovskite solar cells prepared by one step spin-coating of MAPbI3−xClx mixed halide perovskite powder/DMSO solution showed 1.05V open-circuit voltage (Voc), 20.1mAcm−2 short-circuit current density (Jsc), 72% fill factor (FF), and 15.2% power conversion efficiency (η) for forward scan condition and 1.05 Voc, 20.1mAcm−2, 74% FF, and 15.6% η for reverse scan condition. | What is the value of FF? | 8859 |
{
"text": [
"Ag"
],
"answer_start": [
220
]
} | 10.1016/j.solmat.2019.04.007 | EIS results demonstrate that the deposited ZnO:TIPD film combined with the PCBM has stronger charge extraction ability compared to the single PCBM layer.In summary, the inverted ITO/CuInS2/Al2O3/CH3NH3PbI3/PCBM/ZnO:TIPD/Ag solar cells are fabricated by low temperature solution method in humid air (RH=55%), in which the ZnO:TIPD composite film was inserted as an electron transport material between the PCBM layer and Ag electrode. | What is electrode? | 7529 |
{
"text": [
"100mW/cm2"
],
"answer_start": [
65
]
} | 10.1016/j.solener.2018.09.065 | Photocurrent-voltage characteristics were measured under AM 1.5, 100mW/cm2 simulated sun light illumination. | What is the value of illumination? | 50299 |
{
"text": [
"7.65%"
],
"answer_start": [
81
]
} | 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.05.113 | For comparison, the PCE of the DSSCs using MoS2/CNFs, Pt and CNFs CEs was 8.46%, 7.65%, and 6.59%, respectively. | What is the value of PCE? | 58147 |
{
"text": [
"79.6%"
],
"answer_start": [
259
]
} | 10.1039/C8TA08900K | Arising from the wide-spectral absorption and enhanced hole extraction, the all-inorganic PSC achieved a champion PCE as high as 10.26%, a short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 8.21 mA cm−2, an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.57 V, and a fill factor (FF) of 79.6% under one sun illumination.The all-inorganic PSC reported in this study is shown in Fig. | What is the value of FF? | 17863 |
{
"text": [
"0.65 V"
],
"answer_start": [
199
]
} | 10.1039/C2JM30660C | For example, the 5-layer coated TiO2 photoanode 0.9 μm in thickness had a Jsc of 1.64 mA cm−2 and a Voc of 0.80 V, while for the Solaronix photoanode 1.13 μm in thickness, they were 0.58 mA cm−2 and 0.65 V, respectively. | What is the value of Voc? | 73798 |
{
"text": [
"1.04 V"
],
"answer_start": [
42
]
} | 10.1039/C5TA07829F | It achieved a PCE of 15.42% with a Voc of 1.04 V, a Jsc of 19.13 mA cm−2, and an FF of 77.47% when measured under reverse voltage scanning and a PCE of 13.98% with a Voc of 1.02 V, a Jsc of 19.04 mA cm−2, and an FF of 72.25% when measured under forward voltage scanning. | What is the value of Voc? | 16366 |
{
"text": [
"I−/I3−"
],
"answer_start": [
327
]
} | 10.1016/j.electacta.2006.01.053 | Both impedance spectra consisted of four components: ohmic resistance, the left arcs (ω1: higher than 103Hz) were attributed to charge transfer at Pt|electrolyte, the middle arcs were TiO2|electrolyte interface (ω3: around 10 Hz), and the right arcs (ω4: around 0.1 Hz) were diffusion of I3−, respectively Redox couple such as I−/I3− in electrolyte transfers charge between the TiO2 electrode and the counter electrode, and redox reaction of this couple occurs at each electrode. | What is Redox couple? | 32265 |
{
"text": [
"TiO2"
],
"answer_start": [
113
]
} | 10.1016/j.dyepig.2012.04.002 | The higher VOCs for the organic dyes with PTZ spacer group are probably related to the recombination kinetics at TiO2/electrolyte interface, which will be discussed in detail with transient photovoltage and impedance spectra.To gain a further insight into the effect of the introduction of PTZ on photovoltaic performance, DFT is used to calculate the electronic structures and TD-DFT is adopted to investigate electronic transition from the ground state to the excited state, where the computational calculations are performed using Gaussian09 software package . | What is ? | 53685 |
{
"text": [
"0.58V"
],
"answer_start": [
232
]
} | 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.05.063 | The individually N719 sensitized device was found to exhibit η value of 5.31% (with Jsc=11.98 mA cm−2, Voc=0.70V, and FF=0.63), the individually L1, L2 and L3 sensitized device exhibited η value of 1.34% (with Jsc=3.80 mA cm−2, Voc=0.58V, and FF=0.61), 1.44% (with Jsc=4.16 mA cm−2, Voc=0.59V, and FF=0.59) and 1.10% (with Jsc=3.22 mA cm−2, Voc=0.58V, and FF=0.59), respectively. | What is the value of Voc? | 41606 |
{
"text": [
"NiO"
],
"answer_start": [
99
]
} | 10.1016/j.jechem.2018.02.008 | These results suggest that hydroxamic acid anchors will provide a versatile covalent attachment to NiO surfaces in a hydrophilic environment under a wide variety of pH conditions.Our work indicates the potential application of YK-2 dye as a promising candidate for highly efficient and stable dye-sensitized PEC system especially under alkaline conditions. | What is ? | 36190 |
{
"text": [
"100mWcm−2"
],
"answer_start": [
315
]
} | 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.11.123 | where, t is the thickness of the electrolyte membrane, A is the area of the electrolyte membrane, and Rb is the bulk resistance determined from the impedance plot.The photocurrent–voltage (I–V) characteristics of the quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized photovoltaic fibers and the mesh-type module were measured under 100mWcm−2 (AM 1.5) light intensity with a solar cell QE measurement system (K3000(IV), McScience) equipped with a xenon (Xe) short arc lamp.The surface morphology of the porous polymer membranes with different blend ratios of P123 to PVdF-HFP is given in . | What is the value of light intensity? | 50471 |
{
"text": [
"18.11%"
],
"answer_start": [
141
]
} | 10.1016/j.spmi.2018.03.051 | Therefore, the Y-doping perovskite solar cells using the Y/Ti molar ratios of 3% in the hydrothermal grown solution achieved the best PCE of 18.11% with Jsc of 22.50mAcm−2, Voc of 1.06V, and FF of 76.16% and the average PCE of 17.24±0.87% with Jsc of 22.23±0.63mAcm−2, Voc of 1.05±0.02V, and FF of 74.60±1.56%. | What is the value of PCE? | 1566 |
{
"text": [
"0.791 V"
],
"answer_start": [
128
]
} | 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.01.041 | In particular, the DSSC using TiN–CCB (1:1)/Ti electrode shows the optimized photovoltaic performance, Jsc= 14.29 mA cm−2, Voc= 0.791 V, FF= 0.70, and η= 7.92. | What is the value of Voc? | 26911 |
{
"text": [
"Ag"
],
"answer_start": [
52
]
} | 10.1016/j.nanoen.2016.08.055 | For the structure of ITO/PEDOT: PSS/perovskite/PCBM/Ag, not only PEDOT: PSS is generally considered an unstable transport layer due to its hydrophilic and acidic nature but also silver interaction with oxygen. | What is ITO? | 2282 |
{
"text": [
"5.12%"
],
"answer_start": [
107
]
} | 10.1016/j.jiec.2018.04.043 | The energy conversion efficiency (η) of the rGO-550 is 4.82% which is lower than that of the L-Pt/rGO-550 (5.12%) due to the poor catalytic property for I3− reduction and high sheet resistance. | What is the value of η? | 59652 |
{
"text": [
"100 mW/cm2"
],
"answer_start": [
302
]
} | 10.1016/j.nanoen.2016.10.044 | Full semitransparent devices were made by evaporating a 10 nm thin layer of Ag on the glass/ITO/PEDOT:PSS/Perovskite surface after sequentially depositing a 20 nm layer of J-V characterization of the photovoltaic cells were performed inside a M-Braun Lab-Master glove-box using a Keithley 2410 under a 100 mW/cm2 simulated AM 1.5 G illumination (Oriel 91160 solar simulator). | What is the value of illumination? | 4001 |
{
"text": [
"65.12%"
],
"answer_start": [
68
]
} | 10.1016/j.joule.2018.06.012 | For 7.8 mol% BMPyTFSI loadings, the FF improves significantly up to 65.12%. | What is the value of FF? | 10290 |
{
"text": [
"9.76%"
],
"answer_start": [
88
]
} | 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.11.067 | Under the AM 1.5G irradiation, the DSSC based on Co-Ni-MoSx YSNs achieved a high PCE of 9.76%, which was much greater than that of Pt (8.24%). | What is the value of PCE? | 54678 |
{
"text": [
"10.32%"
],
"answer_start": [
111
]
} | 10.1016/j.orgel.2017.10.018 | When CCE was treated for 5min, Jsc, FF and PCE of the according device is increased to 17.79mAcm−2, 59.80% and 10.32% respectively. | What is the value of PCE? | 11646 |
{
"text": [
"20.06%"
],
"answer_start": [
55
]
} | 10.1039/C7TA05378A | The device based on DMSO/urea presents the best PCE of 20.06%, higher than 18.8% for the device based on DMSO and 8.35% for the device based on urea.Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted significant attention due to their high power conversion efficiency (PCE) and potential low cost. | What is the value of PCE? | 19877 |
{
"text": [
"TiO2"
],
"answer_start": [
75
]
} | 10.1016/j.solmat.2008.09.021 | We optimized the dye combination (NKX-2677, N719, NK-6037, and black dye), TiO2 layer (structure and thickness), and electrolyte (TBP concentration). | What is ? | 55743 |
{
"text": [
"100mWcm−2"
],
"answer_start": [
34
]
} | 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2013.07.038 | The photocurrent–voltage plots at 100mWcm−2 illumination and at dark were recorded with a potentiostat/galvanostat (PGSTAT 302N, Autolab, Eco-Chemie, the Netherlands). | What is the value of illumination? | 27218 |
{
"text": [
"8.76%"
],
"answer_start": [
136
]
} | 10.1039/C8RA04091E | With the increase in the hydrothermal temperature, PCEs of NiCoSe2-based DSSCs increase first and then decrease with a maximum value of 8.76%. | What is the value of PCE? | 71907 |
{
"text": [
"4.63%"
],
"answer_start": [
179
]
} | 10.1039/C2JM16131A | Among all the gel electrolytes shown in Table 1, the Rw of the DSSC using a pristine PVDF-HFP gel electrolyte gave the largest value of 17.56 Ω; thereby rendering the lowest η of 4.63%. | What is the value of η? | 65702 |
{
"text": [
"16–18"
],
"answer_start": [
21
]
} | 10.1016/j.dyepig.2014.04.043 | A thin film of TiO2 (16–18μm thick) was coated on a 0.25cm2 FTO glass substrate, while the thickness was measured by Veeco Dektak 150. | What is TiO2? | 27811 |
{
"text": [
"TiO2"
],
"answer_start": [
4
]
} | 10.1039/C3RA41602J | The TiO2 photoanodes were then taken out and rinsed with ethanol to remove excess dye adsorbed and dried in air at room temperature. | What is photoanode? | 75998 |
{
"text": [
"5.02%"
],
"answer_start": [
492
]
} | 10.1016/j.synthmet.2005.08.018 | The photovoltaic characteristics of DSSC based on electrospun TiO2 nanofiber electrodes are summarized for liquid and gel electrolytes in The polymer gel electrolyte was prepared with the mixture based on PVDF-HFP in the mixed solvent of EC and PC The TiCl4 treatment of the electrode at 40 °C resulted in an increase in short-circuit photocurrent (Jsc) increases from 8.67 to 11.24 mA/cm2 for the liquid electrolyte device and in an increase in energy conversion efficiency (η) from 4.01 to 5.02% (c). | What is the value of η? | 55159 |
{
"text": [
"1.93%"
],
"answer_start": [
113
]
} | 10.1016/j.molstruc.2015.12.021 | This is in accordance with the order of the power conversion efficiency (η) of the four dyes that P2 (2.18%)>P1 (1.93%)>P4 (1.63%)>P3 (1.41%). | What is the value of η? | 35021 |
{
"text": [
"0.96 V"
],
"answer_start": [
60
]
} | 10.1039/C7TA08947C | The CP based device shows a PCE of only 9.31% with a Voc of 0.96 V, an FF of 0.60, and a Jsc of 16.16 mA cm−2. | What is the value of Voc? | 15750 |
{
"text": [
"59.3%"
],
"answer_start": [
121
]
} | 10.1039/C6TC03621J | Among them, the 55-based device exhibited the highest PCE of 2.1% with a Voc of 0.73 V, a Jsc of 4.8 mA cm−2 and a FF of 59.3%. | What is the value of FF? | 76498 |
{
"text": [
"0.33mA/cm2"
],
"answer_start": [
233
]
} | 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.112239 | From IPCE curves, SA1 co-sensitized with HD-2 loaded cell showed the highest IPCE (70 %) with broadening in the region of (350−800nm) causing increasing the light harvesting ability of such dye, which translated to higher (JSC) of (20.33mA/cm2). | What is the value of JSC? | 40105 |
{
"text": [
"0.40%"
],
"answer_start": [
97
]
} | 10.1039/C2JM16690A | Slightly better performance of the photovoltaic device fabricated with 7b (IPCE of 6.7% and η of 0.40%) was observed in comparison with that mentioned above for 7a. | What is the value of η? | 69421 |
{
"text": [
"Au"
],
"answer_start": [
4
]
} | 10.1039/C6TA10468A | The Au (100 nm) electrode was deposited through a shadow mask (3 × 4 mm2) by thermal evaporation. | What is electrode? | 20507 |
{
"text": [
"K0.05(FA0.85MA0.15)0.95Pb(I1-xBrx)3"
],
"answer_start": [
152
]
} | 10.1016/j.optmat.2019.03.048 | On the other hand, the experimental J-V and EQE curves were reasonably reproduced by the simulation under the assumption of the single-graded Eg of the K0.05(FA0.85MA0.15)0.95Pb(I1-xBrx)3 perovskite absorber, caused by the graded x throughout the absorber. | What is perovskite? | 12097 |
{
"text": [
"CH3NH3PbI3"
],
"answer_start": [
1066
]
} | 10.1039/C5TA07957H | This project is also funded by the Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, and by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD).† Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Experimental section, XRD patterns of the representative a:CuAlO2 and the pure delafossite crystal phase of the CuAlO2 ceramic target, a typical EDX spectrum confirming the Cu:Al:O atomic ratio of 1:1:2 for a:CuAlO2, Arrhenius plots of the PEDOT:PSS film and a:CuAlO2 with various film thicknesses showing the variation of logarithmic conductivity as a function of inverse of temperature, tapping mode AFM and plan view SEM images of 5, 10, 15 and 20 nm a:CuAlO2 films on ITO substrates, tapping mode AFM images of pristine PEDOT:PSS and PEDOT:PSS deposited on 5, 10, 15 and 20 nm a:CuAlO2 films, cyclic voltammogram of bare ITO and a:CuAlO2 in 0.1 M KCl and O 1s XPS core level spectra of various thicknesses of sputtered a:CuAlO2 on ITO showing varied intensities, the absorption spectra of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/CH3NH3PbI3−xClx and ITO/a:CuAlO2/PEDOT:PSS/CH3NH3PbI3−xClx films and the table showing the EIS parameters of the perovskite cells with and without a:CuAlO2. | What is perovskite? | 18339 |
{
"text": [
"15.83%"
],
"answer_start": [
62
]
} | 10.1016/j.mtener.2017.10.002 | As shown in , an optimized FAPbI3 cell gave an average PCE of 15.83%, with an open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.04V, a short-circuit photocurrent density (JSC) of 20.99mAcm−2 and, a fill factor (FF) of 0.73. | What is the value of PCE? | 5057 |
{
"text": [
"I3−/I−"
],
"answer_start": [
173
]
} | 10.1039/C5CP01512J | 2(b), the energy level diagram of the BDMI-TiO2 reveals the favorable energy level matching at the interfaces between TiO2 (conduction band: −4.00 eV) and absorbed BDMI and I3−/I− redox couple (−4.90 eV). | What is redox couple? | 65403 |
{
"text": [
"PANI NFs"
],
"answer_start": [
169
]
} | 10.1016/j.solmat.2015.07.011 | The bifacial DSSCs prototyped in this work are promising for commercial scale applications due to their improved photovoltaic performance as well as the low cost of the PANI NFs as the CE and the high light scattering of the TiO2 film as the photoanode.Supplementary data associated with this article can be found in the online version at | What is CE? | 41015 |
{
"text": [
"70%"
],
"answer_start": [
230
]
} | 10.1039/C3RA43057J | Among these sensitizers, the best photovoltaic performance was obtained by the DIA8 device, with a short circuit photocurrent density (Jsc) of 13.45 mA cm−2, an open-circuit photovoltage (Voc) of 757 mV, and a fill factor (FF) of 70%, corresponding to an overall conversion efficiency (η) of 7.15% which reached 93% of the reference dye N719-based cell under standard global AM 1.5 solar light conditions.Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have been considered as a promising, sustainable and environmentally friendly energy device to meet the energy demands of mankind in the future. | What is the value of FF? | 69137 |
{
"text": [
"TiO2"
],
"answer_start": [
146
]
} | 10.1039/C4DT03466J | Modifying diimine Pt(II) catecholates with carboxylic acid functionality has allowed for the successful anchoring of these complexes to thin film TiO2, where steric bulk of the donor ligands (tBu-catechol vs. | What is ? | 68166 |
{
"text": [
"0.61V"
],
"answer_start": [
134
]
} | 10.1016/j.dyepig.2011.09.012 | A DSSC device based on the dye M1 produced the highest power conversion efficiency (η) of 4.82% with an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.61V, a short-circuit photocurrent density (Jsc) of 12.66mAcm−2, and a fill factor (FF) of 0.62 under standard AM 1.5 sunlight, with a maximum IPCE of 68%. | What is the value of Voc? | 53611 |
{
"text": [
"Pt"
],
"answer_start": [
197
]
} | 10.1016/j.materresbull.2018.07.040 | The current work has shown an effective yet simple method to fabricate the novel and effective ternary CoIn2S4 counter electrode with unique nanosheet array structure, which can act as a promising Pt-free CE to reduce the cost of DSSCs. | What is CE? | 51499 |
{
"text": [
"11.44%"
],
"answer_start": [
86
]
} | 10.1039/C7SE00472A | The control devices without Au@SiO2 NPs exhibited a JSC of 17.45 mA cm−2 and a PCE of 11.44%. | What is the value of PCE? | 21160 |
{
"text": [
"65%"
],
"answer_start": [
113
]
} | 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.05.010 | This complex furnished a low PCE of 0.45% (ηrel=9% of that made with N719) with Voc=570mV, Jsc=1.21mAcm−2 and FF=65%, which may be attributed to the non-optimal positions of the anchoring groups ), with a larger π-conjugated periphery relative to the D6 series, were studied There are still some other Cu(I) complexes without the common bpy or phen segments. | What is the value of FF? | 33575 |
{
"text": [
"0.817V"
],
"answer_start": [
198
]
} | 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.05.059 | By optimizing the ratio of benzimidazole and 2-ethylimidazole and took the advantage of the synergetic effect of these two kinds of additives, an efficiency of 7.93% was achieved with a high Voc of 0.817V, compared to the efficiency got by the electrolyte with TBP as an additive (7.49% with a Voc of 0.765V).All reagents were of analytical grade and were used without any purification.An acetonitrile solution of 0.05M I2, 0.1M LiI, and 0.6M 1,2-dimethyl-3-n-propylimidazolium iodide (DMPII) was prepared in the glove box, marked as solution A. | What is the value of Voc? | 28336 |
{
"text": [
"TiO2"
],
"answer_start": [
184
]
} | 10.1039/C3NR05652J | First, a 2 wt% dilute PIL electrolyte solution was cast onto a dye-adsorbed photoanode and evaporated very slowly for easy penetration of the electrolytes through the nanopores of the TiO2 layer. | What is photoanode? | 69722 |
{
"text": [
"1.03 V"
],
"answer_start": [
77
]
} | 10.1039/C6RA20956D | The maximum PCE of this experiment was 8.87% with Jsc = 16.56 mA cm−2, Voc = 1.03 V and FF = 0.52, whose graph of the current–voltage characteristic is shown in ESI Fig. | What is the value of Voc? | 17558 |
{
"text": [
"11.72%"
],
"answer_start": [
47
]
} | 10.1016/j.mssp.2019.06.015 | The highest average efficiency was found to be 11.72% (Best PCE: 12.16%) for devices annealed at 150°C. | What is the value of PCE? | 11007 |
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