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It is a natural product found in Batzella and Lissoclinum with data available. | It is a natural product found in Caenorhabditis elegans with data available. | 0 |
It is a nucleoside analogue obtained by formal dehydration across positions 2 and 3 of thymidine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase It has a role as an antimetabolite, an EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor and an antiviral agent. It is an organic molecular entity, a nucleoside analogue and a dihydrofuran. It is functionally related to a thymine. | It is a natural product found in Nocardia, Streptomyces anthocyanicus, and other organisms with data available. | 0 |
It (acetoxime) is the organic compound with the formula (CH)CNOH. It is the simplest example of a ketoxime. It is a white crystalline solid that is soluble in water, ethanol, ether, chloroform, and ligroin. It is used as a reagent in organic synthesis.
It (acetoxime) was first prepared and named in 1882 by the German chemist Victor Meyer and his Swiss student Alois Janny. | It is a phthalate ester that is the diester obtained by the formal condensation of the carboxy groups of phthalic acid with two molecules of isobutanol. It has a role as a plasticiser, a teratogenic agent and a PPAR modulator. It is a phthalate ester and a diester. It is functionally related to an isobutanol. | 0 |
It is a dialkylzinc compound. | It is an organic disulfide that results from the formal oxidative dimerisation of N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamic acid. It is widely used as a fungicidal seed treatment. It has a role as an antibacterial drug, an antiseptic drug and an antifungal agrochemical. It contains a dimethyldithiocarbamate. It is functionally related to a dimethyldithiocarbamic acid. | 0 |
It is an odourless solid chemical of leaf or flake-like appearance. It is also known as N-phenylacetamide, acetanil, or acetanilid, and was formerly known by the trade name Antifebrin. | It, also known as benzene-1,4-diol or quinol, is an aromatic organic compound that is a type of phenol, a derivative of benzene, having the chemical formula CH(OH). It has two hydroxyl groups bonded to a benzene ring in a para position. It is a white granular solid. Substituted derivatives of this parent compound are also referred to as hydroquinones. The name "hydroquinone" was coined by Friedrich Wöhler in 1843.
In 2021, it was the 282nd most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 800,000 prescriptions. | 0 |
(R)-pantoic acid is a pantoic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a (R)-pantoate. | It is a natural product found in Slafractonia leguminicola, Oxytropis glabra, and other organisms with data available. | 0 |
It is a red toxin created by the fungal genus Cercospora. Cercospora act as pathogens on a variety of plants including corn, tobacco, soybean, and coffee. It is a perylenequinone natural product that is photoactivated and uses reactive oxygen species (ROS) to damage cell components (membranes, proteins, lipids, etc.). | It is a peptide ergot alkaloid. | 0 |
A selenocyanate is an ion or chemical compound that contains the -SeCN group, which could be in the form of an anion, SeCN. Organic selenocyanates also exist.
Some complex ions with transition metals such as silver and mercury (mercuriselenocyanates) are known. Mercuriselenocyanate salts also include K, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Cd. Complex ions include Fe(NCSe), Fe(NCSe), Fe(NCSe), Co(NCSe), Co(NCSe), Ni(NCSe), Zn(NCSe), Rh(NCSe), Pd(NCSe), Ag(SeCN), Cd(NCSe), Cd(NCSe), Dy(NCSe), Ho(NCSe), Er(NCSe), Pt(NCSe), Au(NCSe), and Hg(NCSe).
For hard metals, the negative charge is on the nitrogen atom which coordinates with the metal atom. Examples include Ti(NCSe), V(NCSe), VO(NCSe), Cr(NCSe), Mn(NCSe), Mn(NCSe), Y(NCSe), Zr(NCSe), Mo(NCSe), Pr(NCSe), Nd(NCSe), Sm(NCSe), Hf(NCSe), Re(NCSe), Pa(NCSe) and U(NCSe). | It is a pseudohalide anion. It is a conjugate base of a selenocyanic acid and an isoselenocyanic acid. | 1 |
It is an aliphatic alcohol. | It, sold under the brand names Ondeva and Totelle among others, is a progestin medication which is used in menopausal hormone therapy and in the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis. It was also under development for use in birth control pills to prevent pregnancy, but ultimately was not marketed for this purpose. The medication is available alone or in combination with an estrogen. It is taken by mouth.
Side effects of trimegestone include headache, breast tenderness, nervousness, abdominal pain, bloating, muscle cramps, nausea, depression, and vaginal bleeding among others. It is a progestin, or a synthetic progestogen, and hence is an agonist of the progesterone receptor, the biological target of progestogens like progesterone. It has weak antiandrogenic and antimineralocorticoid activity and no other important hormonal activity.
It was first described in 1979 and was introduced for medical use in 2001. It is sometimes described as a "fourth-generation" progestin. The medication is marketed throughout Europe and Latin America. It is not available in the United States or Canada. | 0 |
It is a primary aliphatic amine. | It (P4) is an endogenous steroid and progestogen sex hormone involved in the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and embryogenesis of humans and other species. It belongs to a group of steroid hormones called the progestogens and is the major progestogen in the body. It has a variety of important functions in the body. It is also a crucial metabolic intermediate in the production of other endogenous steroids, including the sex hormones and the corticosteroids, and plays an important role in brain function as a neurosteroid.
In addition to its role as a natural hormone, progesterone is also used as a medication, such as in combination with estrogen for contraception, to reduce the risk of uterine or cervical cancer, in hormone replacement therapy, and in feminizing hormone therapy. It was first prescribed in 1934. | 0 |
It is a straight-chain fatty acid. | It is an antibiotic used for the treatment of infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria that are resistant to other antibiotics. It is active against most Gram-positive bacteria that cause disease, including streptococci, vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The main uses are infections of the skin and pneumonia although it may be used for a variety of other infections including drug-resistant tuberculosis. It is used either by injection into a vein or by mouth.
When given for short periods, linezolid is a relatively safe antibiotic. It can be used in people of all ages and in people with liver disease or poor kidney function. Common side effects with short-term use include headache, diarrhea, rash, and nausea. Serious side effects may include serotonin syndrome, bone marrow suppression, and high blood lactate levels, particularly when used for more than two weeks. If used for longer periods it may cause nerve damage, including optic nerve damage, which may be irreversible.
As a protein synthesis inhibitor, linezolid works by suppressing bacterial protein production. This either stops growth or results in bacterial death. Although many antibiotics work this way, the exact mechanism of action of linezolid appears to be unique in that it blocks the initiation of protein production, rather than one of the later steps. As of 2014, bacterial resistance to linezolid has remained low. It is a member of the oxazolidinone class of medications.
It was discovered in the mid-1990s, and was approved for commercial use in 2000. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. The World Health Organization classifies linezolid as critically important for human medicine. It is available as a generic medication. | 0 |
It is a natural chemical compound and is classified as a glucoalkaloid and a vinca alkaloid. It is formed by the Pictet–Spengler condensation reaction of tryptamine with secologanin, catalyzed by the enzyme strictosidine synthase. Thousands of strictosidine derivatives are sometimes referred to by the broad phrase of monoterpene indole alkaloids. It is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of numerous pharmaceutically valuable metabolites including quinine, camptothecin, ajmalicine, serpentine, vinblastine, vincristine and mitragynine.
Biosynthetic pathways help to define the subgroups of strictosidine derivatives. | It is a fatty amide derived from valproic acid. It has a role as a metabolite, a teratogenic agent and a geroprotector. It is functionally related to a valproic acid. | 0 |
It is an anilide that consists of 2-chloroacetanilide bearing an N-isopropyl substituent. It has a role as a herbicide, an environmental contaminant and a xenobiotic. It is an anilide, an organochlorine compound and a monocarboxylic acid amide. | It is a natural product found in Oryza sativa with data available. | 0 |
It () (symbol U or Ura) is one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid RNA. The others are adenine (A), cytosine (C), and guanine (G). In RNA, uracil binds to adenine via two hydrogen bonds. In DNA, the uracil nucleobase is replaced by thymine (T). It is a demethylated form of thymine.
It is a common and naturally occurring pyrimidine derivative. The name "uracil" was coined in 1885 by the German chemist Robert Behrend, who was attempting to synthesize derivatives of uric acid. Originally discovered in 1900 by Alberto Ascoli, it was isolated by hydrolysis of yeast nuclein; it was also found in bovine thymus and spleen, herring sperm, and wheat germ. It is a planar, unsaturated compound that has the ability to absorb light.
It that was formed extraterrestrially has been detected in the Murchison meteorite, in a near-Earth asteroid, and possibly on the surface of the moon Titan. It has been synthesized under cold laboratory conditions similar to outer space, from pyrimidine embedded in water ice and exposed to ultraviolet light. | It (INN, BAN; brand name Lucidril, also known as centrophenoxine) is a cholinergic nootropic used as a dietary supplement. It is an ester of dimethylethanolamine (DMAE) and 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (pCPA).
In elderly patients, meclofenoxate has been shown to improve performance on certain memory tests. It also increases cellular membrane phospholipids. It is sold in Japan and some European countries, such as Germany, Hungary, and Austria, as a prescription drug. | 0 |
It is an organic heterotricyclic compound that is a hexa-oxygenated 6,7-guaianolide isolated fron the roots of Thapsia garganica L., Apiaceae. A potent skin irritant, it is used in traditional medicine as a counter-irritant. It inhibits Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase mediated uptake of calcium ions into sarcoplasmic reticulum and is used in experimentation examining the impacts of increasing cytosolic calcium concentrations. It has a role as an EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor and a calcium channel blocker. It is a sesquiterpene lactone, an organic heterotricyclic compound and a butyrate ester. | It is a natural product found in Francisella tularensis, Camellia sinensis, and other organisms with data available. | 0 |
The ammonium cation is a positively charged polyatomic ion with the chemical formula or . It is formed by the protonation of ammonia (). It is also a general name for positively charged (protonated) substituted amines and quaternary ammonium cations (), where one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by organic or other groups (indicated by R). | It is a quinolinemonocarboxylic acid with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. It is bactericidal and its mode of action depends on blocking of bacterial DNA replication by binding itself to an enzyme called DNA gyrase. It has a role as an antibacterial drug, a DNA synthesis inhibitor, a xenobiotic and an environmental contaminant. It is a quinolinemonocarboxylic acid, a N-arylpiperazine, a quinolone, a quinolone antibiotic and a fluoroquinolone antibiotic. | 0 |
It is a natural product found in Planchonella vitiensis with data available. | It is a natural product found in Gossypium hirsutum and Nepeta racemosa with data available. | 0 |
It is a phenothiazine derivative having a methylsulfanyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a (1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl] group at the N-10 position. It has a role as a serotonergic antagonist, a H1-receptor antagonist, an alpha-adrenergic antagonist, a dopaminergic antagonist, a first generation antipsychotic, an EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor and an EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor. It is a member of phenothiazines and a member of piperidines. It contains a methylsulfanyl group. | It is a tertiary phosphine. | 0 |
It is a selective phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor discovered and developed by Schering AG as a potential antidepressant drug in the early 1990s. It served as a prototype molecule for several companies' drug discovery and development efforts. It was discontinued after clinical trials showed that its therapeutic window was too narrow; it could not be dosed at high enough levels to be effective without causing significant gastrointestinal side effects.
It has several activities that make it a continuing focus for research. The etiology of many neurodegenerative diseases involves misfolded and clumped proteins which accumulate in the brain. Cells have a mechanism to dispose of such proteins called the proteasome. However, in Alzheimers disease and some other conditions the activity of these proteasomes is impaired leading to a buildup of toxic aggregates. Research in mice suggests that rolipram has the ability to ramp up the activity of proteasomes and reduce the burden of these aggregates. Preliminary evidence suggests that this can improve spatial memory in mice engineered to have aggregate build-up. It continues to be used in research as a well-characterized PDE4 inhibitor. It has been used in studies to understand whether PDE4 inhibition could be useful in autoimmune diseases, Alzheimers disease, cognitive enhancement, spinal cord injury, and respiratory diseases like asthma and COPD. | It is a member of the lclass of pyrrolidin-2-ones that is pyrrolidin-2-one bearing a 3-(cyclopentyloxy)-4-methoxyphenyl substituent at the 4-position. It is a type IV-specific phosphodiesterase (PDE4) inhibitor. It has a role as an antidepressant and an EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor. | 1 |
It is the organic compound with the formula CHC(O)C(O)H. It contains both an aldehyde and a ketone functional group. It is yellow liquid when anhydrous but readily forms a colorless crystalline hydrate. It has been used as a reagent to modify the amino acid, arginine. It has also been used to attach chemical payload (probes) to the amino acid citrulline and to peptides/proteins. | It is a trialkyl phosphate. | 0 |
It is a benzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-guanidinobenzoic acid with the hydroxy group of 2-(dimethylamino)-2-oxoethyl (4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate. It is a potent inhibitor of the human transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) and its mesylate salt is currently under investigation for its effectiveness in COVID-19 patients. It has a role as an anticoronaviral agent, a serine protease inhibitor, an antifibrinolytic drug, an anti-inflammatory agent, an antiviral agent, an antihypertensive agent and an antineoplastic agent. It is a tertiary carboxamide, a carboxylic ester, a diester, a member of guanidines and a benzoate ester. It is functionally related to a 4-guanidinobenzoic acid. It is a conjugate base of a camostat(1+). | It is a dipeptide. | 0 |
It is an organic compound with formula CHOCCHCH. It is the ethyl ester of propionic acid. It is a colorless volatile liquid with a pineapple-like odor. Some fruits such as kiwis and strawberries contain ethyl propionate in small amounts. | It is the organic compound with the formula (CH)O. It is a colorless, low-melting solid. This, the simplest diaryl ether, has a variety of niche applications. | 0 |
It is an organic compound which has several industrial applications. The compound is classified as a pyrone derivative. It presents as an odorless, colorless to white crystalline powder, almost insoluble in water and moderately soluble in most organic solvents. | It is a pyran-2,4-dione substituted at position 3 by an acetyl group and at position 6 by a methyl group. A fungicide and bactericide it is used primarily in processed fruit and vegetables. It has a role as a fungicide, an antibacterial agent and a plasticiser. It is a pyran-2,4-dione and a ketone. | 1 |
It (CP-156,181) is a drug that acts as a CRH1 antagonist.
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), also known as Corticotropin-releasing factor, is an endogenous peptide hormone released in response to various triggers such as chronic stress and drug addiction. Such triggers result in the release of corticotropin (ACTH), another hormone involved in the physiological response to stress. Chronic release of CRH and ACTH is believed to be directly or indirectly involved in many of the harmful physiological effects of chronic stress, such as excessive glucocorticoid release, stomach ulcers, anxiety, diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, depression, and development of high blood pressure and consequent cardiovascular problems.
It is a non-peptide drug that blocks the CRH1 receptor, and, as a consequence, reduces the release of ACTH in response to chronic stress. This has been demonstrated in animals to reduce the behavioral responses to stressful situations, and it is proposed that It itself, or more likely newer CRH1 antagonist drugs still under development, could be useful for reducing the adverse health consequences of chronic stress in humans, as well as having possible uses in the treatment of conditions such as anxiety, depression, and drug addiction. | It is a pyrrolopyrimidine that is 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2, 5, and 6, by a mesityl group at position 7, and in which the amino substituent at position 4 has been substituted by ethyl and butyl groups. It is an antagonist of corticotropin-releasing factor 1 (CRF-1) receptors (Ki = 1 nM). It has a role as a corticotropin-releasing factor receptor antagonist. It is a pyrrolopyrimidine and a tertiary amino compound. | 1 |
It is a natural product found in Dendrobium nobile with data available. | It is an indolequinone, a chemical compound found in the oxidative browning reaction of fruits like bananas where it is mediated by the tyrosinase type polyphenol oxidase from tyrosine and catecholamines leading to the formation of catechol melanin. Like many quinones it can undergo redox reactions via the corresponding 5,6-dihydroxyindole. | 0 |
It is a carbamate ester that is the mono-N-isopropyl derivative of meprobamate (which is a significant metabolite). It interrupts neuronal communication within the reticular formation and spinal cord, resulting in sedation and alteration in pain perception. It is used as a muscle relaxant in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm. It has a role as a muscle relaxant. | It (tradenames DynaCirc, Prescal) is a calcium channel blocker of the dihydropyridine class. It is usually prescribed for the treatment of high blood pressure in order to reduce the risk of stroke and heart attack.
It was patented in 1978 and approved for medical use in 1989. | 0 |
It is an N-acylpiperazine that is piperazine in which each of the nitrogens has been acylated by a 3-bromopropionoyl group. An anti-cancer drug. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent and an alkylating agent. It is a N-acylpiperazine, a tertiary carboxamide and an organobromine compound. | It (trade names Vercite, Vercyte) is an anti-cancer drug that probably acts as an alkylating agent. It is marketed in France and Italy. | 1 |
It is a member of quinolines, a quinolone antibiotic and a fluoroquinolone antibiotic. | It (trade name Raxar, Glaxo Wellcome) was an oral broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent used to treat bacterial infections. It was withdrawn worldwide from markets in 1999, due to its side effect of lengthening the QT interval on the electrocardiogram, leading to cardiac events and sudden death. | 1 |
It (INN) is a class III antiarrhythmic agent approved in Japan for the treatment of arrhythmias and ventricular tachycardia. It has the brand name Shinbit. | It is an indole alkaloid. It has a role as an antiparkinson drug, a hormone antagonist, a dopamine agonist and an antidyskinesia agent. It derives from a hydride of an ergotaman. | 0 |
It, also known as SNDX-275 and MS-275, is a benzamide histone deacetylase inhibitor undergoing clinical trials for treatment of various cancers.
It inhibits class I HDAC1 and HDAC3 with IC of 0.51 μM and 1.7 μM, respectively.
Syndax pharmaceuticals currently holds the rights to entinostat and recently received $26.6 million in funds to advance treatments of resistant cancers using epigenetic tools.
It has also been investigated as a potential male contraceptive drug. | It is a natural product found in Catalpa ovata, Plenckia populnea, and other organisms with data available. | 0 |
It is a dicarboxylic acid monoamide resulting from the formal condensation of one of the carboxy groups of oxalic acid with ammonia. It has a role as an Escherichia coli metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of an oxamate. | It is an aromatic ether. It has a role as an antilipemic drug. It is functionally related to a valeric acid. | 0 |
It is an organic heterotricyclic compound that is 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydrocyclopenta[g]isochromene substituted by methyl groups at positions 4, 6, 6, 7, 8 and 8 respectively. It is a synthetic musk used as a fragrance in cosmetics. It has a role as a fragrance. It is a member of isochromenes and an organic heterotricyclic compound. | It is a N-alkylglycine that is the N-methyl derivative of glycine. It is an intermediate in the metabolic pathway of glycine. It has a role as a glycine transporter 1 inhibitor, a glycine receptor agonist, a human metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a N-alkylglycine, a N-methyl-amino acid and a member of N-methylglycines. It is a conjugate base of a sarcosinium. It is a conjugate acid of a sarcosinate. It is a tautomer of a sarcosine zwitterion. | 0 |
It is a pyridinemonocarboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is located at position 2. It is an intermediate in the metabolism of tryptophan. It has a role as a MALDI matrix material and a human metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a picolinate. | It is a natural product found in Perilla frutescens, Punica granatum, and other organisms with data available. | 0 |
It is a member of the class of fluoromethanes that is methane in which a single hydrogen is substituted by a fluorine atom. It has a role as a refrigerant. It is a member of fluoromethanes, a fluorohydrocarbon and a member of methyl halides. | It is a dihydroxyflavanone in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 5 and 7. A natural product found in Piper sarmentosum and Cryptocarya chartacea. It has a role as an antioxidant, an antineoplastic agent, a vasodilator agent, a neuroprotective agent and a metabolite. It is a dihydroxyflavanone and a (2S)-flavan-4-one. | 0 |
It is a pheromone released by the female silkworm moth to attract mates. It is also the sex pheromone in the wild silk moth (Bombyx mandarina). Discovered by Adolf Butenandt in 1959, it was the first pheromone to be characterized chemically.
Minute quantities of this pheromone can be used per acre of land to confuse male insects about the location of their female partners. It can thus serve as a lure in traps to remove insects effectively without spraying crops with large amounts of pesticides. Butenandt named the substance after the moths Latin name Bombyx mori.'
In vivo it appears that bombykol is the natural ligand for a pheromone binding protein, BmorPBP, which escorts the pheromone to the pheromone receptor. | It is a N-acyl-amino acid. | 0 |
It is a natural product found in Ascophyllum nodosum, Mastocarpus stellatus, and other organisms with data available. | It is an organic radical. It derives from a hydride of a cyclopentadiene. | 0 |
It (trade names Heptalgin, Morphidone, and Heptazone) is an opioid analgesic of the open chain class (methadone and relatives) invented in Germany by Hoechst in 1947. It is one of a handful of useful synthetic analgesics which were used in the United States for various lengths of time in the 20 or so years after the end of the Second World War but which were withdrawn from the market for various or no known reason and which now are mostly in Schedule I of the United States' Controlled Substances Act of 1970, or (like phenazocine and bezitramide) in Schedule II but not produced or marketed in the US. Others on this list are ketobemidone (Ketogin), dextromoramide (Dimorlin, Palfium and others), phenazocine (Narphen and Prinadol), dipipanone (Diconal, Pipadone and Wellconal), piminodine (Alvodine), propiram (Algeril), anileridine (Leritine) and alphaprodine (Nisentil).
It has a US DEA ACSCN of 9637 and recently has had a zero annual manufacturing quota under the Controlled Substances Act 1970. Its withdrawal from US distribution prior to the promulgation of said act is a large part of its Schedule I designation; it is, however, used as a legitimate medication in other countries and consumption is increasing worldwide as indicated below.
It is generally considered to be a strong opioid analgesic and is regulated in much the same way as morphine where it is used. The usual starting dose is 10–20 mg and it has a duration of analgesic effect of 1 to 4 hours. It is not used at this time for purposes other than pain relief.
Worldwide consumption of phenadoxone has actually increased slightly in recent years according to a recent report from the World Health Organization. Like its drug subcategory prototype methadone, phenadoxone can be used as the opioid analgesic in Brompton cocktail. It is most used at the current time in Denmark and various countries in eastern Europe. | (-)-secoisolariciresinol is an enantiomer of secoisolariciresinol having (-)-(2R,3R)-configuration. It has a role as an antidepressant, a plant metabolite and a phytoestrogen. It is an enantiomer of a (+)-secoisolariciresinol. | 0 |
It is an aromatic ether. | It is a sesquiterpene alcohol found in the essential oil of conifers (cedar oil), especially in the genera Cupressus (cypress) and Juniperus (juniper). It has also been identified in Origanum onites, a plant related to oregano. Its main uses are in the chemistry of aroma compounds. It makes up about 19% of cedarwood oil Texas and 15.8% of cedarwood oil Virginia.
It has not been proven to be toxic in humans. It has been shown to have antioxidant and antiinflammatory along with other beneficial effects. In skin sensitization tests 2/20 people showed negative effects, and on the second test there was no sensitivity found. This compound and ones similar have been found to have antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, tonic, astringent, diuretic, sedative, insecticidal, and antifungal activities in vitro. These compounds are used globally in traditional medicine and cosmetics. Results of a 2015 study suggest that cedrol strongly attracts pregnant female mosquitoes after they have fed, which can be used to create cedrol-baited traps. | 0 |
It is a dipeptide. | It is a gamma-lactone. | 0 |
It, sold under the brand name Florinef, among others, is a corticosteroid used to treat adrenogenital syndrome, postural hypotension, and adrenal insufficiency. In adrenal insufficiency, it is generally taken together with hydrocortisone. It is taken by mouth and is most commonly used in its acetate form.
Common side effects of fludrocortisone include high blood pressure, swelling, heart failure, and low blood potassium. Other serious side effects can include low immune-system function, cataracts, muscle weakness, and mood changes. Whether use of fludrocortisone during pregnancy is safe for the fetus is unknown. It is mostly a mineralocorticoid, but it also has glucocorticoid effects.
It was patented in 1953. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. | It is a C21-steroid, a 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid, a 20-oxo steroid, a 21-hydroxy steroid, a fluorinated steroid, a mineralocorticoid, a 17alpha-hydroxy steroid and an 11beta-hydroxy steroid. It has a role as an adrenergic agent and an anti-inflammatory drug. It derives from a hydride of a pregnane. | 1 |
It, CHO, is a toxin produced by several species of dinoflagellates, and is known to accumulate in both marine sponges and shellfish. One of the primary causes of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning, okadaic acid is a potent inhibitor of specific protein phosphatases and is known to have a variety of negative effects on cells. A polyketide, polyether derivative of a C fatty acid, okadaic acid and other members of its family have shined light upon many biological processes both with respect to dinoflagellete polyketide synthesis as well as the role of protein phosphatases in cell growth. | It is a natural product found in Hamamotoa singularis, Echinacea angustifolia, and other organisms with data available. | 0 |
It is a diester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy groups of terephthalic acid with methanol. It is a primary ingredient widely used in the manufacture of polyesters and industrial plastics. It is a methyl ester, a diester and a phthalate ester. It is functionally related to a terephthalic acid. | It (or cymarine) is a cardiac glycoside. Plants of the genus Apocynum, including Apocynum cannabinum and Apocynum venetum, contain cymarin. It is a cardiac glycoside and an anti-arrhythmia and cardiotonic agent. | 0 |
It is a secondary amine with the chemical formula HN(CH). It is a colorless liquid, although commercial samples can appear yellow. It has a fishy odor, typical for amines. It is sparingly soluble in water. As an amine, it is an organic base and useful precursor to other chemicals. | It is a carbonate ester that is the diphenyl ester of carbonic acid. | 0 |
It is a natural product found in Homo sapiens, Fulica atra, and other organisms with data available. | It, sold under the brand name Eulexin among others, is a nonsteroidal antiandrogen (NSAA) which is used primarily to treat prostate cancer. It is also used in the treatment of androgen-dependent conditions like acne, excessive hair growth, and high androgen levels in women. It is taken by mouth, usually three times per day.
Side effects in men include breast tenderness and enlargement, feminization, sexual dysfunction, and hot flashes. Conversely, the medication has fewer side effects and is better-tolerated in women with the most common side effect being dry skin. Diarrhea and elevated liver enzymes can occur in both sexes. Rarely, flutamide can cause liver damage, lung disease, sensitivity to light, elevated methemoglobin, elevated sulfhemoglobin, and deficient neutrophils. Numerous cases of liver failure and death have been reported, which has limited the use of flutamide.
It acts as a selective antagonist of the androgen receptor (AR), competing with androgens like testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) for binding to ARs in tissues like the prostate gland. By doing so, it prevents their effects and stops them from stimulating prostate cancer cells to grow. It is a prodrug to a more active form. It and its active form stay in the body for a relatively short time, which makes it necessary to take flutamide multiple times per day.
It was first described in 1967 and was first introduced for medical use in 1983. It became available in the United States in 1989. The medication has largely been replaced by newer and improved NSAAs, namely bicalutamide and enzalutamide, due to their better efficacy, tolerability, safety, and dosing frequency (once per day), and is now relatively little-used. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. | 0 |
It is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). It is a metabolite of phenylbutazone.
It was withdrawn from markets worldwide in mid-1980s due to bone marrow suppression and the risk of Stevens–Johnson syndrome. | It is an alcoholic β-glucoside. It is produced in (and named after) willow (Salix) bark. It is a biosynthetic precursor to salicylaldehyde. | 0 |
It is a withanolide that is 5,6:22,26-diepoxyergosta-2,24-diene-1,26-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4 and 27 (the 4beta,5beta,6beta,22R stereoisomer). Isolated from Physalis longifolia, it exhibits cytotoxic activity. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent and an apoptosis inducer. It is a delta-lactone, a 4-hydroxy steroid, an enone, an ergostanoid, a secondary alcohol, a withanolide, a 27-hydroxy steroid, a primary alcohol and an epoxy steroid. | It is a steroidal lactone, derived from Acnistus arborescens, Withania somnifera and other members of family Solanaceae. It is the first member of the withanolide class of ergostane type product to be discovered. | 1 |
It is a secondary amino compound that is 1-phenyl-propan-2-amine in which one of the meta-hydrogens is substituted by trifluoromethyl, and one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by an ethyl group. It binds to the serotonin reuptake pump, causing inhbition of serotonin uptake and release of serotonin. The resulting increased levels of serotonin lead to greater serotonin receptor activation which in turn lead to enhancement of serotoninergic transmission in the centres of feeding behavior located in the hypothalamus. This suppresses the appetite for carbohydrates. It was used as the hydrochloride for treatment of diabetes and obesity. It was withdrawn worldwide after reports of heart valve disease and pulmonary hypertension. It has a role as a serotonin uptake inhibitor, a serotonergic agonist and an appetite depressant. It is a secondary amino compound and a member of (trifluoromethyl)benzenes. | It is a natural product found in Apis, Populus yunnanensis, and other organisms with data available. | 0 |
It is a primary alcohol that is methanol in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group has been replaced by a tetrahydrofuran-2-yl group. It has a role as a protic solvent. It is a primary alcohol and a member of oxolanes. | It is a natural product found in Lonicera japonica and Oryza sativa with data available. | 0 |
It is an organic heterobicyclic compound that consists of 2-oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazole having a valeric acid substituent attached to the tetrahydrothiophene ring. The parent of the class of biotins. It has a role as a prosthetic group, a coenzyme, a nutraceutical, a human metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a mouse metabolite, a cofactor and a fundamental metabolite. It is a member of biotins and a vitamin B7. It is a conjugate acid of a biotinate. | It is a natural product found in Pinus ayacahuite, Pseudotsuga, and other organisms with data available. | 0 |
It is a peptide. | It tetrahydrochloride is a hydrochloride obtained by combining methoctramine with four molar equivalents of hydrochloric acid. It has a role as a muscarinic antagonist. It contains a methoctramine(4+). | 0 |
It is a monohydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid with a alpha-hydroxy substituent at position 3. It is a bile acid obtained from chenodeoxycholic acid by bacterial action. It has a role as a human metabolite, a mouse metabolite and a geroprotector. It is a bile acid, a monohydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid and a C24-steroid. It is a conjugate acid of a lithocholate. | It (abbrev. Stz), sold under many brand names, is a synthetic androgen and anabolic steroid (AAS) medication derived from dihydrotestosterone (DHT). It is used to treat hereditary angioedema. It was developed by American pharmaceutical company Winthrop Laboratories (Sterling Drug) in 1962, and has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for human use, though it is no longer marketed in the USA. It is also used in veterinary medicine. It has mostly been discontinued, and remains available in only a few countries. It is given by mouth in humans or by injection into muscle in animals.
Unlike most injectable AAS, stanozolol is not esterified and is sold as an aqueous suspension, or in oral tablet form. The drug has a high oral bioavailability, due to a C17α alkylation which allows the hormone to survive first-pass liver metabolism when ingested. It is because of this that stanozolol is also sold in tablet form.
It is one of the AAS commonly used as performance-enhancing drugs and is banned from use in sports competition under the auspices of the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) and many other sporting bodies. It is an anabolic steroid that is known to have a diuretic effect. Additionally, stanozolol has been highly restricted in US horse racing. | 0 |
It is a dicarboxylic acid monoamide resulting from the condensation of one of the carboxy groups of terephthalic acid with the amino group of 5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-amine. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent and a retinoic acid receptor alpha/beta agonist. It is a member of tetralins, a retinoid and a dicarboxylic acid monoamide. It is functionally related to a 4-carbamoylbenzoic acid and a terephthalic acid. | It (brand name: Amnolake), also called retinobenzoic acid, is orally active, synthetic retinoid, developed to overcome all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) resistance, with potential antineoplastic activity against acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) . It is currently marketed only in Japan and early trials have demonstrated that it tends to be better tolerated than ATRA. It has also been investigated as a possible treatment for Alzheimers disease, multiple myeloma and Crohns disease. It is found to have inhibitory potential for the viral spike protein of Omicron variant of SARS-CoV2 and can be a potential candidate for developing potential therapeutics for the treatment of omicron variant of COVID19. | 1 |
It is an agonist of the AMPA, kainate, and group I metabotropic glutamate receptors. It is one of the most potent AMPA receptor agonists known. It causes excitotoxicity and is used in neuroscience to selectively destroy neurons in the brain or spinal cord. It occurs naturally in the seeds of Quisqualis species.
Research conducted by the USDA Agricultural Research Service, has demonstrated quisqualic acid is also present within the flower petals of zonal geranium (Pelargonium x hortorum) and is responsible for causing rigid paralysis of the Japanese beetle. It is thought to mimic L-glutamic acid, which is a neurotransmitter in the insect neuromuscular junction and mammalian central nervous system. | It is an organic compound with the formula CH(OH). It is a water-soluble, white solid although samples are typically brownish because of its sensitivity toward oxygen. It is one of three isomers of benzenetriols. | 0 |
It is an antibiotic belonging to the aminopenicillin class of the penicillin family. The drug is used to prevent and treat a number of bacterial infections, such as respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, meningitis, salmonellosis, and endocarditis. It may also be used to prevent group B streptococcal infection in newborns. It is used by mouth, by injection into a muscle, or intravenously.
Common side effects include rash, nausea, and diarrhea. It should not be used in people who are allergic to penicillin. Serious side effects may include Clostridium difficile colitis or anaphylaxis. While usable in those with kidney problems, the dose may need to be decreased. Its use during pregnancy and breastfeeding appears to be generally safe.
It was discovered in 1958 and came into commercial use in 1961. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. The World Health Organization classifies ampicillin as critically important for human medicine. It is available as a generic medication. | It is a heterocyclic organic compound with the molecular formula CHN. It consists of a saturated eight-membered ring having seven carbon atoms and one nitrogen atom attached to a single hydrogen atom. The fully unsaturated analog of azocane is azocine.
Although azocane has limited uses, it is used in the preparation of guanethidine and trocimine. | 0 |
It is a tertiary amino compound. | It is a prohormone of the major insect molting hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone, secreted from the prothoracic glands. It is of steroidal structure. Insect molting hormones (ecdysone and its homologues) are generally called ecdysteroids. Ecdysteroids act as moulting hormones of arthropods but also occur in other related phyla where they can play different roles. In Drosophila melanogaster, an increase in ecdysone concentration induces the expression of genes coding for proteins that the larva requires. It causes chromosome puffs (sites of high expression) to form in polytene chromosomes. Recent findings in the laboratory of Chris Q. Doe have found a novel role of this hormone in regulating temporal gene transitions within neural stem cells of the fruit fly.
It and other ecdysteroids also appear in many plants mostly as a protection agent (toxins or antifeedants) against herbivorous insects. These phytoecdysteroids have been reputed to have medicinal value. They are part of herbal adaptogenic remedies like Cordyceps, yet an ecdysteroid precursor in plants has been shown to have cytotoxic properties as well as antioxidant properties on lipid peroxidation.
Tebufenozide, sold under the Bayer trademark MIMIC, has ecdysteroid activity although its chemical structure has little resemblance to the ecdysteroids. | 0 |
It is a cadmium molecular entity. | Ethene is an alkene and a gas molecular entity. It has a role as a refrigerant and a plant hormone. | 0 |
It is a quinoxaline derivative, a secondary amine and a member of imidazoles. It has a role as an adrenergic agonist, an antihypertensive agent and an alpha-adrenergic agonist. | It is a bicyclic organic compound. It is one of the most pervasive monoterpenes. As with other terpenes, it is insoluble in water, flammable, colorless, and has a pungent smell. It is a minor constituent of many essential oils such as turpentine, cypress oil, camphor oil, citronella oil, neroli, ginger oil, valerian, and mango. It is produced industrially by isomerization of the more common alpha-pinene using a solid acid catalyst such as titanium dioxide.
It is used in the preparation of fragrances and as a food additive for flavoring. These include isobornyl acetate. | 0 |
It is a xanthene dye. It has a role as a fluorochrome. It is functionally related to a fluoran. | It is an N-acylglycine in which the acyl group is specified as 2-hydroxybenzoyl. It has a role as a uremic toxin and a human xenobiotic metabolite. It is a N-acylglycine and a secondary carboxamide. It is functionally related to a glycine. It is a conjugate acid of a salicylurate. | 0 |
It (Silicane) is an inorganic compound with chemical formula . It is a colourless, pyrophoric, toxic gas with a sharp, repulsive, pungent smell, somewhat similar to that of acetic acid. It is of practical interest as a precursor to elemental silicon. It with alkyl groups are effective water repellents for mineral surfaces such as concrete and masonry. Its with both organic and inorganic attachments are used as coupling agents. They are commonly used to apply coatings to surfaces or as an adhesion promoter. | It is an alkaloid of the aporphine class that can be found in the boldo tree. It is the most abundant aporphine alkaloid found in Boldo. It is also found in Lindera aggregata. | 0 |
It is a member of benzenes. | It is an optically active cyclic ketone consisting of 3,5,6-trihydroxycyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one bearing two 3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl substituents at positions 4 and 6 as well as a 3-methylbutanoyl group at the 2-position. It has a role as an antibacterial drug, an antioxidant, a cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor and a metabolite. It is a diketone, a triol, a cyclic ketone, an aromatic ketone and a tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone. | 0 |
It (IPP, isopentenyl diphosphate, or IDP) is an isoprenoid precursor. IPP is an intermediate in the classical, HMG-CoA reductase pathway (commonly called the mevalonate pathway) and in the non-mevalonate MEP pathway of isoprenoid precursor biosynthesis. Isoprenoid precursors such as IPP, and its isomer DMAPP, are used by organisms in the biosynthesis of terpenes and terpenoids. | It is the simplest and least toxic member of the class of chloroethanes, that is ethane in which a single hydrogen is substituted by a chlorine. A colourless gas at room temperature and pressure (boiling point 12###), it is used as a mild topical anaesthetic to numb the skin prior to ear piercing, skin biopsies, etc., and is also used in the treatment of sports injuries. It was formerly used in the production of tetraethyllead. It has a role as a local anaesthetic, an antipruritic drug and an inhalation anaesthetic. | 0 |
It is a semi-synthetic parenteral cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that confers beta-lactamase resistance. It has a role as an antibacterial drug. | It (brand name Revivon; former developmental code name M5050), also known as diprenorfin, is a non-selective, high-affinity, weak partial agonist of the μ- (MOR), κ- (KOR), and δ-opioid receptor (DOR) (with equal affinity) which is used in veterinary medicine as an opioid antagonist. It is used to reverse the effects of super-potent opioid analgesics such as etorphine and carfentanil that are used for tranquilizing large animals. The drug is not approved for use in humans.
It is the strongest opioid antagonist that is commercially available (some 100 times more potent as an antagonist than nalorphine), and is used for reversing the effects of very strong opioids for which the binding affinity is so high that naloxone does not effectively or reliably reverse the narcotic effects. These super-potent opioids, with the single exception of buprenorphine (which has an improved safety-profile due to its partial agonism character), are not used in humans because the dose for a human is so small that it would be difficult to measure properly , so there is an excessive risk of overdose leading to fatal respiratory depression. However conventional opioid derivatives are not strong enough to rapidly tranquilize large animals, like elephants and rhinos, so drugs such as etorphine and carfentanil are available for this purpose.
It is considered to be the specific reversing agent/antagonist for etorphine and carfentanil, and is normally used to remobilise animals once veterinary procedures have been completed. Since diprenorphine also has partial agonistic properties of its own, it should not be used on humans if they are accidentally exposed to etorphine or carfentanil. Naloxone or naltrexone is the preferred human opioid receptor antagonist.
In theory, diprenorphine could also be used as an antidote for treating overdose of certain opioid derivatives which are used in humans, particularly buprenorphine for which the binding affinity is so high that naloxone does not reliably reverse the narcotic effects. However, diprenorphine is not generally available in hospitals; instead a vial of diprenorphine is supplied with etorphine or carfentanil specifically for reversing the effects of the drug, so the use of diprenorphine for treating a buprenorphine overdose is not usually carried out in practice.
Because diprenorphine is a weak partial agonist of the opioid receptors rather than a silent antagonist, it can produce some opioid effects in the absence of other opioids at sufficient doses. Moreover, due to partial agonism of the KOR, where it appears to possess significantly greater intrinsic activity relative to the MOR, diprenorphine can produce sedation as well as, in humans, hallucinations. | 0 |
It is a fatty acid methyl ester. | (R)-hydnocarpic acid is an optically active form of hydnocarpic acid having (R)-configuration. | 0 |
It is a member of dihydrochalcones. | It is a chemical with the molecular formula . It is an organic heterotetracyclic compound and a berberine alkaloid. It can be also called dehydroisocorypalmine. It has a molecular weight of 338.4 g/mol and its monoisotopic mass is 339.1470581677 daltons. It is soluble in DMSO and is a solid at room temperature. | 0 |
It is a saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent, a member of aziridines and an azacycloalkane. It has a role as an alkylating agent. It is a conjugate base of an aziridinium. | It (, ) is an organic compound, the naturally occurring achiral meso four-carbon sugar alcohol (or polyol). It is the reduced form of either D- or L-erythrose and one of the two reduced forms of erythrulose. It is used as a food additive and sugar substitute. It is synthesized from corn using enzymes and fermentation. Its formula is , or HO(CH)(CHOH)(CH)OH.
It is 60–70% as sweet as sucrose (table sugar). However, erythritol is almost completely noncaloric, and does not affect blood sugar or cause tooth decay. Japanese companies pioneered the commercial development of erythritol as a sweetener in the 1990s. | 0 |
Pentan-3-ol is a secondary alcohol that is pentane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3. It is produced by plants and is a component of emitted insect sex pheromones. It has a role as a pheromone, a biomarker, a plant metabolite and a fuel additive. It is a secondary alcohol and a pentanol. | It is a natural product found in Pogostemon cablin with data available. | 0 |
It is a branched fatty acid comprising propanoic acid carrying a methyl branch at C-2. It has a role as a volatile oil component, a plant metabolite and a Daphnia magna metabolite. It is a branched-chain saturated fatty acid, a methyl-branched fatty acid and a fatty acid 4:0. It is a conjugate acid of an isobutyrate. | It is a natural product found in Rhizoclonium hieroglyphicum with data available. | 0 |
It is a trihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid in which the three hydroxy substituents are located at the 3alpha-, 6alpha- and 7alpha-positions. It has a role as a mouse metabolite, a human urinary metabolite and a rat metabolite. It is a C24-steroid, a 6alpha-hydroxy steroid, a 7alpha-hydroxy steroid and a member of muricholic acids. It is a conjugate acid of a hyocholate. | It is a diarylmethane. | 0 |
It is a member of guanidines. It has a role as an EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor and an antiviral agent. | It is a member of benzofurans. | 0 |
It is a natural product found in Bowdichia virgilioides, Ficus erecta var. beecheyana, and other organisms with data available. | It, sold under the brand name Talwin among others, is a painkiller used to treat moderate to severe pain. It is believed to work by activating (agonizing) κ-opioid receptors (KOR) and μ-opioid receptors (MOR). As such it is called an opioid as it delivers its effects on pain by interacting with the opioid receptors. It shares many of the side effects of other opioids like constipation, nausea, itching, drowsiness and respiratory depression, but unlike most other opioids it fairly frequently causes hallucinations, nightmares and delusions. It is also, unlike most other opioids, subject to a ceiling effect, which is when at a certain dose (which differs from person-to-person) no more pain relief, or side effects, is obtained by increasing the dose any further.
Chemically it is classed as a benzomorphan and it comes in two enantiomers, which are molecules that are exact (non-superimposable) mirror images of one another.
It was patented in 1960 and approved for medical use in 1964. Usually, in its oral formulations, it is combined with naloxone so as to prevent people from crushing the tablets, dissolving them in a solvent (like water) and injecting them for a high (as orally administered naloxone produces no opioid-negating effects, whereas intravenous or intramuscular administration does). | 0 |
It is a selective phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor discovered and developed by Schering AG as a potential antidepressant drug in the early 1990s. It served as a prototype molecule for several companies' drug discovery and development efforts. It was discontinued after clinical trials showed that its therapeutic window was too narrow; it could not be dosed at high enough levels to be effective without causing significant gastrointestinal side effects.
It has several activities that make it a continuing focus for research. The etiology of many neurodegenerative diseases involves misfolded and clumped proteins which accumulate in the brain. Cells have a mechanism to dispose of such proteins called the proteasome. However, in Alzheimers disease and some other conditions the activity of these proteasomes is impaired leading to a buildup of toxic aggregates. Research in mice suggests that rolipram has the ability to ramp up the activity of proteasomes and reduce the burden of these aggregates. Preliminary evidence suggests that this can improve spatial memory in mice engineered to have aggregate build-up. It continues to be used in research as a well-characterized PDE4 inhibitor. It has been used in studies to understand whether PDE4 inhibition could be useful in autoimmune diseases, Alzheimers disease, cognitive enhancement, spinal cord injury, and respiratory diseases like asthma and COPD. | It (ZAN) is a mycoestrogen that is a derivative of zearalenone (ZEN). It can be extracted from medical herbs and edible herbs along with aflatoxins in the same time by a specific immunoaffinity column. | 0 |
It (IUPAC name: phosphane) is a colorless, flammable, highly toxic compound with the chemical formula PH, classed as a pnictogen hydride. Pure phosphine is odorless, but technical grade samples have a highly unpleasant odor like rotting fish, due to the presence of substituted phosphine and diphosphane (). With traces of present, is spontaneously flammable in air (pyrophoric), burning with a luminous flame. It is a highly toxic respiratory poison, and is immediately dangerous to life or health at 50 ppm. It has a trigonal pyramidal structure.
Its are compounds that include and the organophosphines, which are derived from by substituting one or more hydrogen atoms with organic groups. They have the general formula . Phosphanes are saturated phosphorus hydrides of the form , such as triphosphane. It, PH, is the smallest of the phosphines and the smallest of the phosphanes. | It is a 9H-beta-carboline carrying a methyl substituent at C-1 and a hydroxy group at C-7; major microspecies at pH 7.3. It has a role as an antifungal agent, an apoptosis inducer and an autophagy inducer. It is a harmala alkaloid and an indole alkaloid. It is functionally related to a beta-carboline. | 0 |
It is a methanesulfonate ester resulting from the formal condensation of methanesulfonic acid with ethanol. It has a role as an alkylating agent, an antineoplastic agent, a carcinogenic agent, a genotoxin, a mutagen and a teratogenic agent. | It is a natural product found in Arabidopsis thaliana with data available. | 1 |
It is an intermediate in the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine in tissues. It is made in a reaction, catalyzed by choline kinase, that converts ATP and choline into phosphocholine and ADP. It is a molecule found, for example, in lecithin.
In nematodes and human placentas, phosphocholine is selectively attached to other proteins as a posttranslational modification to suppress an immune response by their hosts.
It is also one of the binding targets of C-reactive protein (CRP). Thus, when a cell is damaged, CRP binds to phosphocholine, beginning the recognition and phagocytotic immunologic response.
It is a natural constituent of hens' eggs (and many other eggs) often used in biomimetic membrane studies. | It is an azaspiro compound that is 1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane which is substituted at positions 1, 4, and 8 by phenyl, oxo, and 4-(p-fluorophenyl)-4-oxobutyl groups, respectively. It has a role as a dopaminergic antagonist, a serotonergic antagonist, an alpha-adrenergic antagonist, an antipsychotic agent and a psychotropic drug. It is an organofluorine compound, an azaspiro compound, a member of piperidines, a tertiary amino compound and an aromatic ketone. | 0 |
It is a diarylmethane that is methane substituted by two phenyl groups. | It (; also known as 4-chlorotestosterone) usually as the ester clostebol acetate, is a synthetic anabolic–androgenic steroid (AAS). It is the 4-chloro derivative of the natural hormone testosterone. The chlorination prevents conversion to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) while also rendering the chemical incapable of conversion to estrogen. Although usually used as an ester including clostebol acetate (Macrobin, Steranabol, Alfa-Trofodermin, Megagrisevit), clostebol caproate (Macrobin-Depot), or clostebol propionate (Yonchlon), unmodified/non-esterified clostebol is also reported to be marketed, under the brand name Trofodermin-S in Mexico.
It is a weak AAS with potential use as a performance enhancing drug. It is currently banned by the World Anti-Doping Agency. Chlorodehydromethyltestosterone (Oral Turinabol), combining the chemical structures of clostebol and metandienone, was widely used in the East German state-sponsored doping program. | 0 |
It is an oligopeptide comprising of (4S)-1-methyl-2,6-dioxohexahydropyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid, L-histidine and L-prolinamide joined in sequence by peptide linkages. It is a thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) analog. Its tetrahydrate form is approved in Japan for the treatment of spinal muscular atrophy. It has a role as a nootropic agent, a neuroprotective agent and an analgesic. | It (INN; also known as eglumegad) is a research drug developed by Eli Lilly and Company, which is being investigated for its potential in the treatment of anxiety and drug addiction. It is a glutamate derived compound and its mode of action implies a novel mechanism. | 0 |
It is a member of the class of piperidines that is the 4-acetyl-2-methoxyphenyl ether of 3-(piperidin-1-yl)propan-1-ol which is substituted at position 4 of the piperidine ring by a 6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl group. A member of the group of second generation antipsychotics (also known as an atypical antipsychotics), it is used for the treatment of schizophrenia. It has a role as a serotonergic antagonist, a dopaminergic antagonist and a second generation antipsychotic. It is a monoamine, an organofluorine compound, a tertiary amino compound, a methyl ketone, a member of 1,2-benzoxazoles, a member of piperidines, an aromatic ether and an aromatic ketone. | It is an aromatic hydrocarbon comprising two fused benzene rings. It occurs in the essential oils of numerous plant species e.g. magnolia. It has a role as a volatile oil component, a plant metabolite, an environmental contaminant, a carcinogenic agent, a mouse metabolite and an apoptosis inhibitor. It is an ortho-fused bicyclic arene and a member of naphthalenes. | 0 |
It is a corticosteroid hormone. | It is a natural product found in Cannabis sativa with data available. | 0 |
It is a natural product found in Erythroxylum citrifolium, Erythroxylum deciduum, and other organisms with data available. | 4-oxopentanoic acid is an oxopentanoic acid with the oxo group in the 4-position. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a straight-chain saturated fatty acid and an oxopentanoic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a 4-oxopentanoate. | 0 |
It is a benzophenanthridine alkaloid isolated from the root of Zanthoxylum simulans, Chelidonium majus L., and other Papaveraceae. It has a role as an EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor, an antibacterial agent and an antineoplastic agent. It is a benzophenanthridine alkaloid and an organic cation. | It is a natural product found in Catalpa ovata, Plenckia populnea, and other organisms with data available. | 0 |
It is a C-methylated flavanone, a type of flavonoid. It is found in Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas fir) in reaction to infection by Poria weirii. | It is a natural product found in Psychotria muscosa, Psychotria colorata, and Eumachia forsteriana with data available. | 0 |
It is an organonitrogen compound and an organooxygen compound. It is functionally related to an alpha-amino acid. | It is a piperidinecarboxylate ester that is methyl piperidine-4-carboxylate in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl group and the hydrogen at position 4 is substituted the nitrogen of N-propanoylaniline. It has a role as a mu-opioid receptor agonist, an opioid analgesic, an intravenous anaesthetic and a sedative. It is an anilide, a piperidinecarboxylate ester, a monocarboxylic acid amide and an alpha-amino acid ester. | 0 |
It (sitostanol) is a phytosterol found in a variety of plant sources. Similar to sterol esters and stanol esters, stigmastanol inhibits the absorption of cholesterol from the diet. Animal studies suggest that it also inhibits biosynthesis of cholesterol in the liver.
It is the product of the reduction of β-sitosterol and the hydrogenation of stigmasterol. | It is an organic radical. It derives from a hydride of a cyclopentadiene. | 0 |
It is an alkylbenzene carrying an ethyl substituent. It is a constituent of coal tar and petroleum. | It is a phenethylamine alkaloid that is 4-(2-aminoethyl)phenol substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1 and a methyl group at the amino nitrogen. It has a role as a plant metabolite and an alpha-adrenergic agonist. It is a phenethylamine alkaloid, a member of phenols and a member of ethanolamines. It is a conjugate base of a synephrinium. | 0 |
It is a pyranopyridine, a lactone and a pyridine alkaloid. | It is a potassium salt consisting of potassium and tellurite ions in a 2:1 ratio. It contains a tellurite. | 0 |
It is a polyether that is the dimethyl ether derivative of diethylene glycol. It has a role as a solvent, a xenobiotic and an environmental contaminant. It is functionally related to a diethylene glycol. | It, or bis(2-methoxyethyl) ether, is an organic compound with the chemical formula . It is a colorless liquid with a slight ether-like odor. It is a solvent with a high boiling point. It is the dimethyl ether of diethylene glycol. The name diglyme is a portmanteau of diglycol methyl ether. It is miscible with water as well as organic solvents.
It is prepared by a reaction of dimethyl ether and ethylene oxide over an acid catalyst. | 1 |
It is a member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazolin-4-one substituted at positions 2, 6 and 7 by ethyl, sulfamoyl and chloro groups respectively; a thiazide-like diuretic used to treat hypertension. It has a role as an antihypertensive agent and a diuretic. | It is an organic heterobicyclic compound that is a fusion product between benzene and thiazole. The parent of the class of benzothiazoles. It has a role as a plant metabolite, a xenobiotic and an environmental contaminant. | 0 |
It is the inorganic compound with the formula of HBrO. It is an unstable compound, although salts of its conjugate base – bromites – have been isolated. In acidic solution, bromites decompose to bromine. | It is a member of phenols. | 0 |
It is the inorganic compound with the formula CdS. It is a yellow salt. It occurs in nature with two different crystal structures as the rare minerals greenockite and hawleyite, but is more prevalent as an impurity substituent in the similarly structured zinc ores sphalerite and wurtzite, which are the major economic sources of cadmium. As a compound that is easy to isolate and purify, it is the principal source of cadmium for all commercial applications. Its vivid yellow color led to its adoption as a pigment for the yellow paint "cadmium yellow" in the 18th century. | It (systematic name: ethanamide) is an organic compound with the formula CHCONH. It is derived from acetic acid. It finds some use as a plasticizer and as an industrial solvent. The related compound N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA) is more widely used, but it is not prepared from acetamide. It can be considered an intermediate between acetone, which has two methyl (CH) groups either side of the carbonyl (CO), and urea which has two amide (NH) groups in those locations. It is also a naturally occurring mineral with the IMA symbol: Ace. | 0 |
It () is a nicotinic acid-based mild parasympathomimetic stimulant alkaloid found in the areca nut, the fruit of the areca palm (Areca catechu). It is an odourless oily liquid. It can bring a sense of enhanced alertness and energy along with mild feelings of euphoria and relaxation. The psychoactive effects are comparable to that of nicotine. | It or butanenitrile or propyl cyanide, is a nitrile with the formula CHCN. This colorless liquid is miscible with most polar organic solvents. | 0 |
It, marketed under the brand name Ultiva is a potent, short-acting synthetic opioid analgesic drug. It is given to patients during surgery to relieve pain and as an adjunct to an anaesthetic. It is used for sedation as well as combined with other medications for use in general anesthesia. The use of remifentanil has made possible the use of high-dose opioid and low-dose hypnotic anesthesia, due to synergism between remifentanil and various hypnotic drugs and volatile anesthetics. | It is a member of barbiturates. | 0 |
Ethene is an alkene and a gas molecular entity. It has a role as a refrigerant and a plant hormone. | It is a hydroxytoluene. | 0 |
It is an antidiabetic drug from the biguanide class. It was marketed as DBI by Ciba-Geigy, but was withdrawn from most markets in the late 1970s due to a high risk of lactic acidosis, which was fatal in 50% of cases.
It was developed in 1957 by Ungar, Freedman and Seymour Shapiro, working for the US Vitamin Corporation. Clinical trials begun in 1958 showed it to be effective, but with gastrointestinal side effects. | It is a member of the class of biguanides that is biguanide in which one of the terminal nitrogen atoms is substituted by a 2-phenylethyl group. It was used as an anti-diabetic drug but was later withdrawn from the market due to potential risk of lactic acidosis. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, a geroprotector and a hypoglycemic agent. It is functionally related to a biguanide. | 1 |
It is an organic oxidant (C(CH)O). It is related to 1,4-benzoquinone by replacement of four H centres with methyl (Me) groups. The CO core of this molecule is planar with two pairs of C=O and C=C bonds.
The compound is produced via nitration of durene (1,2,4,5-tetramethylbenzene) followed reduction to the diamine and then oxidation.
A derived organoiron compound (η,η-C(CH)O)Fe(CO) is obtained by the carbonylation of 2-butyne in the presence of iron pentacarbonyl.
The molecule has been mentioned in the popular press as a component of a "nano brain".
It was observed in a degradation products generated from pyrolysis of α-Tocopheryl acetate. | It (isopropylbenzene) is an organic compound that contains a benzene ring with an isopropyl substituent. It is a constituent of crude oil and refined fuels. It is a flammable colorless liquid that has a boiling point of 152 °C. Nearly all the cumene that is produced as a pure compound on an industrial scale is converted to cumene hydroperoxide, which is an intermediate in the synthesis of other industrially important chemicals, primarily phenol and acetone (known as the cumene process). | 0 |
It mesylate (Tornalate) is a short-acting β adrenergic receptor agonist used for the relief of bronchospasm in conditions such as asthma and COPD. In these disorders there is a narrowing of the airways (bronchi and their ramifications) that carry air to the lungs. Muscle spasm and inflammation within the bronchi worsen this narrowing. It relaxes the smooth muscles present continuously around the bronchi and bronchioles facilitating the flow of air through them.
It is a prodrug of colterol. It has a rapid onset of action (2–5 minutes) and may last up to 6–8 hours.
The drug, alone or in co-administration with theophylline, doesn't show cardiotoxic effect.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved bitolterol in December 1984. The drug was withdrawn from the market by Élan Pharmaceuticals in 2001. | It is a medication used to treat African sleeping sickness and river blindness. It is the treatment of choice for sleeping sickness without central nervous system involvement. It is given by injection into a vein.
It causes a fair number of side effects. Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, skin tingling, and weakness. Sore palms of the hands and soles of the feet, trouble seeing, fever, and abdominal pain may also occur. Severe side effects may include low blood pressure, decreased level of consciousness, kidney problems, and low blood cell levels. It is unclear if it is safe when breastfeeding.
It was made at least as early as 1916. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. In the United States it can be acquired from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). In regions of the world where the disease is common suramin is provided for free by the World Health Organization (WHO). | 0 |
It, sold under the brand name Akineton among others, is a medication used to treat Parkinson disease, certain drug-induced movement disorders and Tourette Syndrome. It is not recommended for tardive dyskinesias. It is taken by mouth, injection into a vein, or muscle.
Common side effects include blurred vision, dry mouth, sleepiness, constipation, and confusion. It should not be used in people with a bowel obstruction or glaucoma. It is unclear if use in pregnancy or breastfeeding is safe. It is in the anticholinergic family of medication.
It was approved for medical use in the United States in 1959. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It is no longer marketed in the United States. | It is a natural product found in Aloe africana, Malpighia emarginata, and other organisms with data available. | 0 |
It is an indolizidine alkaloid isolated from the plant Swainsona canescens with three hydroxy substituents at positions 1, 2 and 8. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, an immunological adjuvant, an EC 3.2.1.114 (mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,3-1,6-alpha-mannosidase) inhibitor and a plant metabolite. | It is a chlorobenzophenone that is (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methanone substituted by a [2-methyl-1-oxo-1-(propan-2-yloxy)propan-2-yl]oxy group at position 1 on the phenyl ring. It has a role as an antilipemic drug, an environmental contaminant, a xenobiotic and a geroprotector. It is a chlorobenzophenone, a member of monochlorobenzenes, an aromatic ether and an isopropyl ester. It is functionally related to a benzophenone. | 0 |
It, also known as leurocristine and marketed under the brand name Oncovin among others, is a chemotherapy medication used to treat a number of types of cancer. This includes acute lymphocytic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, neuroblastoma, and small cell lung cancer among others. It is given intravenously.
Most people experience some side effects from vincristine treatment. Commonly it causes a change in sensation, hair loss, constipation, difficulty walking, and headaches. Serious side effects may include neuropathic pain, lung damage, or low white blood cells which increases the risk of infection. Use during pregnancy may result in birth defects. It works by stopping cells from dividing properly. It is vital that it not be given intrathecally, as this may kill.
It was first isolated in 1961. It is on the World Health Organizations List of Essential Medicines. It is a vinca alkaloid that can be obtained from the Madagascar periwinkle Catharanthus roseus'. | It is a member of the class of barbiturates that is pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione substituted by an isopropyl and a prop-1-en-3-yl group at position 5. | 0 |
It is a member of salicylamides. | It is a diterpenoid. | 0 |
It is a taxane isolate derived from Taxus wallichiana. It can be used to synthesize taxadiene -diol and -triol derivatives via deoxygenation. | It is a member of amphetamines. | 0 |
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