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---
language:
- en
license: apache-2.0
tags:
- sentence-transformers
- sparse-encoder
- sparse
- splade
- generated_from_trainer
- dataset_size:99000
- loss:SpladeLoss
- loss:SparseMultipleNegativesRankingLoss
- loss:FlopsLoss
base_model: distilbert/distilbert-base-uncased
widget:
- text: How do I know if a girl likes me at school?
- text: What are some five star hotel in Jaipur?
- text: Is it normal to fantasize your wife having sex with another man?
- text: What is the Sahara, and how do the average temperatures there compare to the
    ones in the Simpson Desert?
- text: What are Hillary Clinton's most recognized accomplishments while Secretary
    of State?
datasets:
- sentence-transformers/quora-duplicates
pipeline_tag: feature-extraction
library_name: sentence-transformers
metrics:
- cosine_accuracy
- cosine_accuracy_threshold
- cosine_f1
- cosine_f1_threshold
- cosine_precision
- cosine_recall
- cosine_ap
- cosine_mcc
- dot_accuracy
- dot_accuracy_threshold
- dot_f1
- dot_f1_threshold
- dot_precision
- dot_recall
- dot_ap
- dot_mcc
- euclidean_accuracy
- euclidean_accuracy_threshold
- euclidean_f1
- euclidean_f1_threshold
- euclidean_precision
- euclidean_recall
- euclidean_ap
- euclidean_mcc
- manhattan_accuracy
- manhattan_accuracy_threshold
- manhattan_f1
- manhattan_f1_threshold
- manhattan_precision
- manhattan_recall
- manhattan_ap
- manhattan_mcc
- max_accuracy
- max_accuracy_threshold
- max_f1
- max_f1_threshold
- max_precision
- max_recall
- max_ap
- max_mcc
- active_dims
- sparsity_ratio
- dot_accuracy@1
- dot_accuracy@3
- dot_accuracy@5
- dot_accuracy@10
- dot_precision@1
- dot_precision@3
- dot_precision@5
- dot_precision@10
- dot_recall@1
- dot_recall@3
- dot_recall@5
- dot_recall@10
- dot_ndcg@10
- dot_mrr@10
- dot_map@100
- query_active_dims
- query_sparsity_ratio
- corpus_active_dims
- corpus_sparsity_ratio
co2_eq_emissions:
  emissions: 1.4164940270091377
  energy_consumed: 0.02527693261851813
  source: codecarbon
  training_type: fine-tuning
  on_cloud: false
  cpu_model: AMD Ryzen 9 6900HX with Radeon Graphics
  ram_total_size: 30.6114501953125
  hours_used: 0.222
  hardware_used: 1 x NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3070 Ti Laptop GPU
model-index:
- name: splade-distilbert-base-uncased trained on Quora Duplicates Questions
  results:
  - task:
      type: sparse-binary-classification
      name: Sparse Binary Classification
    dataset:
      name: quora duplicates dev
      type: quora_duplicates_dev
    metrics:
    - type: cosine_accuracy
      value: 0.758
      name: Cosine Accuracy
    - type: cosine_accuracy_threshold
      value: 0.8166326284408569
      name: Cosine Accuracy Threshold
    - type: cosine_f1
      value: 0.6792899408284023
      name: Cosine F1
    - type: cosine_f1_threshold
      value: 0.5695896148681641
      name: Cosine F1 Threshold
    - type: cosine_precision
      value: 0.5487571701720841
      name: Cosine Precision
    - type: cosine_recall
      value: 0.8913043478260869
      name: Cosine Recall
    - type: cosine_ap
      value: 0.6887627674706448
      name: Cosine Ap
    - type: cosine_mcc
      value: 0.508171027288805
      name: Cosine Mcc
    - type: dot_accuracy
      value: 0.765
      name: Dot Accuracy
    - type: dot_accuracy_threshold
      value: 51.6699104309082
      name: Dot Accuracy Threshold
    - type: dot_f1
      value: 0.6762028608582575
      name: Dot F1
    - type: dot_f1_threshold
      value: 46.524925231933594
      name: Dot F1 Threshold
    - type: dot_precision
      value: 0.5816554809843401
      name: Dot Precision
    - type: dot_recall
      value: 0.8074534161490683
      name: Dot Recall
    - type: dot_ap
      value: 0.6335823489360819
      name: Dot Ap
    - type: dot_mcc
      value: 0.4996270089694481
      name: Dot Mcc
    - type: euclidean_accuracy
      value: 0.677
      name: Euclidean Accuracy
    - type: euclidean_accuracy_threshold
      value: -14.272356986999512
      name: Euclidean Accuracy Threshold
    - type: euclidean_f1
      value: 0.48599545798637395
      name: Euclidean F1
    - type: euclidean_f1_threshold
      value: -0.6444530487060547
      name: Euclidean F1 Threshold
    - type: euclidean_precision
      value: 0.3213213213213213
      name: Euclidean Precision
    - type: euclidean_recall
      value: 0.9968944099378882
      name: Euclidean Recall
    - type: euclidean_ap
      value: 0.2032823056922341
      name: Euclidean Ap
    - type: euclidean_mcc
      value: -0.04590966956831287
      name: Euclidean Mcc
    - type: manhattan_accuracy
      value: 0.677
      name: Manhattan Accuracy
    - type: manhattan_accuracy_threshold
      value: -161.77682495117188
      name: Manhattan Accuracy Threshold
    - type: manhattan_f1
      value: 0.48599545798637395
      name: Manhattan F1
    - type: manhattan_f1_threshold
      value: -3.0494537353515625
      name: Manhattan F1 Threshold
    - type: manhattan_precision
      value: 0.3213213213213213
      name: Manhattan Precision
    - type: manhattan_recall
      value: 0.9968944099378882
      name: Manhattan Recall
    - type: manhattan_ap
      value: 0.20444314945561334
      name: Manhattan Ap
    - type: manhattan_mcc
      value: -0.04590966956831287
      name: Manhattan Mcc
    - type: max_accuracy
      value: 0.765
      name: Max Accuracy
    - type: max_accuracy_threshold
      value: 51.6699104309082
      name: Max Accuracy Threshold
    - type: max_f1
      value: 0.6792899408284023
      name: Max F1
    - type: max_f1_threshold
      value: 46.524925231933594
      name: Max F1 Threshold
    - type: max_precision
      value: 0.5816554809843401
      name: Max Precision
    - type: max_recall
      value: 0.9968944099378882
      name: Max Recall
    - type: max_ap
      value: 0.6887627674706448
      name: Max Ap
    - type: max_mcc
      value: 0.508171027288805
      name: Max Mcc
    - type: active_dims
      value: 78.32280731201172
      name: Active Dims
    - type: sparsity_ratio
      value: 0.9974338900690646
      name: Sparsity Ratio
  - task:
      type: sparse-information-retrieval
      name: Sparse Information Retrieval
    dataset:
      name: NanoMSMARCO
      type: NanoMSMARCO
    metrics:
    - type: dot_accuracy@1
      value: 0.22
      name: Dot Accuracy@1
    - type: dot_accuracy@3
      value: 0.42
      name: Dot Accuracy@3
    - type: dot_accuracy@5
      value: 0.52
      name: Dot Accuracy@5
    - type: dot_accuracy@10
      value: 0.76
      name: Dot Accuracy@10
    - type: dot_precision@1
      value: 0.22
      name: Dot Precision@1
    - type: dot_precision@3
      value: 0.13999999999999999
      name: Dot Precision@3
    - type: dot_precision@5
      value: 0.10400000000000001
      name: Dot Precision@5
    - type: dot_precision@10
      value: 0.07600000000000001
      name: Dot Precision@10
    - type: dot_recall@1
      value: 0.22
      name: Dot Recall@1
    - type: dot_recall@3
      value: 0.42
      name: Dot Recall@3
    - type: dot_recall@5
      value: 0.52
      name: Dot Recall@5
    - type: dot_recall@10
      value: 0.76
      name: Dot Recall@10
    - type: dot_ndcg@10
      value: 0.45321847177875746
      name: Dot Ndcg@10
    - type: dot_mrr@10
      value: 0.3601269841269841
      name: Dot Mrr@10
    - type: dot_map@100
      value: 0.37334906504034243
      name: Dot Map@100
    - type: query_active_dims
      value: 74.76000213623047
      name: Query Active Dims
    - type: query_sparsity_ratio
      value: 0.9975506191554868
      name: Query Sparsity Ratio
    - type: corpus_active_dims
      value: 103.06523895263672
      name: Corpus Active Dims
    - type: corpus_sparsity_ratio
      value: 0.9966232475279261
      name: Corpus Sparsity Ratio
    - type: dot_accuracy@1
      value: 0.22
      name: Dot Accuracy@1
    - type: dot_accuracy@3
      value: 0.42
      name: Dot Accuracy@3
    - type: dot_accuracy@5
      value: 0.52
      name: Dot Accuracy@5
    - type: dot_accuracy@10
      value: 0.76
      name: Dot Accuracy@10
    - type: dot_precision@1
      value: 0.22
      name: Dot Precision@1
    - type: dot_precision@3
      value: 0.13999999999999999
      name: Dot Precision@3
    - type: dot_precision@5
      value: 0.10400000000000001
      name: Dot Precision@5
    - type: dot_precision@10
      value: 0.07600000000000001
      name: Dot Precision@10
    - type: dot_recall@1
      value: 0.22
      name: Dot Recall@1
    - type: dot_recall@3
      value: 0.42
      name: Dot Recall@3
    - type: dot_recall@5
      value: 0.52
      name: Dot Recall@5
    - type: dot_recall@10
      value: 0.76
      name: Dot Recall@10
    - type: dot_ndcg@10
      value: 0.45321847177875746
      name: Dot Ndcg@10
    - type: dot_mrr@10
      value: 0.3601269841269841
      name: Dot Mrr@10
    - type: dot_map@100
      value: 0.37334906504034243
      name: Dot Map@100
    - type: query_active_dims
      value: 74.76000213623047
      name: Query Active Dims
    - type: query_sparsity_ratio
      value: 0.9975506191554868
      name: Query Sparsity Ratio
    - type: corpus_active_dims
      value: 103.06523895263672
      name: Corpus Active Dims
    - type: corpus_sparsity_ratio
      value: 0.9966232475279261
      name: Corpus Sparsity Ratio
  - task:
      type: sparse-information-retrieval
      name: Sparse Information Retrieval
    dataset:
      name: NanoNQ
      type: NanoNQ
    metrics:
    - type: dot_accuracy@1
      value: 0.38
      name: Dot Accuracy@1
    - type: dot_accuracy@3
      value: 0.54
      name: Dot Accuracy@3
    - type: dot_accuracy@5
      value: 0.62
      name: Dot Accuracy@5
    - type: dot_accuracy@10
      value: 0.62
      name: Dot Accuracy@10
    - type: dot_precision@1
      value: 0.38
      name: Dot Precision@1
    - type: dot_precision@3
      value: 0.18
      name: Dot Precision@3
    - type: dot_precision@5
      value: 0.12400000000000003
      name: Dot Precision@5
    - type: dot_precision@10
      value: 0.06400000000000002
      name: Dot Precision@10
    - type: dot_recall@1
      value: 0.36
      name: Dot Recall@1
    - type: dot_recall@3
      value: 0.52
      name: Dot Recall@3
    - type: dot_recall@5
      value: 0.6
      name: Dot Recall@5
    - type: dot_recall@10
      value: 0.61
      name: Dot Recall@10
    - type: dot_ndcg@10
      value: 0.4828377104499333
      name: Dot Ndcg@10
    - type: dot_mrr@10
      value: 0.4536666666666666
      name: Dot Mrr@10
    - type: dot_map@100
      value: 0.445384784044708
      name: Dot Map@100
    - type: query_active_dims
      value: 74.73999786376953
      name: Query Active Dims
    - type: query_sparsity_ratio
      value: 0.9975512745605213
      name: Query Sparsity Ratio
    - type: corpus_active_dims
      value: 141.31478881835938
      name: Corpus Active Dims
    - type: corpus_sparsity_ratio
      value: 0.9953700678586476
      name: Corpus Sparsity Ratio
    - type: dot_accuracy@1
      value: 0.38
      name: Dot Accuracy@1
    - type: dot_accuracy@3
      value: 0.54
      name: Dot Accuracy@3
    - type: dot_accuracy@5
      value: 0.62
      name: Dot Accuracy@5
    - type: dot_accuracy@10
      value: 0.62
      name: Dot Accuracy@10
    - type: dot_precision@1
      value: 0.38
      name: Dot Precision@1
    - type: dot_precision@3
      value: 0.18
      name: Dot Precision@3
    - type: dot_precision@5
      value: 0.12400000000000003
      name: Dot Precision@5
    - type: dot_precision@10
      value: 0.06400000000000002
      name: Dot Precision@10
    - type: dot_recall@1
      value: 0.36
      name: Dot Recall@1
    - type: dot_recall@3
      value: 0.52
      name: Dot Recall@3
    - type: dot_recall@5
      value: 0.6
      name: Dot Recall@5
    - type: dot_recall@10
      value: 0.61
      name: Dot Recall@10
    - type: dot_ndcg@10
      value: 0.4828377104499333
      name: Dot Ndcg@10
    - type: dot_mrr@10
      value: 0.4536666666666666
      name: Dot Mrr@10
    - type: dot_map@100
      value: 0.445384784044708
      name: Dot Map@100
    - type: query_active_dims
      value: 74.73999786376953
      name: Query Active Dims
    - type: query_sparsity_ratio
      value: 0.9975512745605213
      name: Query Sparsity Ratio
    - type: corpus_active_dims
      value: 141.31478881835938
      name: Corpus Active Dims
    - type: corpus_sparsity_ratio
      value: 0.9953700678586476
      name: Corpus Sparsity Ratio
  - task:
      type: sparse-information-retrieval
      name: Sparse Information Retrieval
    dataset:
      name: NanoNFCorpus
      type: NanoNFCorpus
    metrics:
    - type: dot_accuracy@1
      value: 0.34
      name: Dot Accuracy@1
    - type: dot_accuracy@3
      value: 0.5
      name: Dot Accuracy@3
    - type: dot_accuracy@5
      value: 0.54
      name: Dot Accuracy@5
    - type: dot_accuracy@10
      value: 0.58
      name: Dot Accuracy@10
    - type: dot_precision@1
      value: 0.34
      name: Dot Precision@1
    - type: dot_precision@3
      value: 0.30666666666666664
      name: Dot Precision@3
    - type: dot_precision@5
      value: 0.26
      name: Dot Precision@5
    - type: dot_precision@10
      value: 0.198
      name: Dot Precision@10
    - type: dot_recall@1
      value: 0.011597172822497613
      name: Dot Recall@1
    - type: dot_recall@3
      value: 0.06058581579610722
      name: Dot Recall@3
    - type: dot_recall@5
      value: 0.08260772201759854
      name: Dot Recall@5
    - type: dot_recall@10
      value: 0.09800124609193644
      name: Dot Recall@10
    - type: dot_ndcg@10
      value: 0.2466972614666078
      name: Dot Ndcg@10
    - type: dot_mrr@10
      value: 0.42200000000000004
      name: Dot Mrr@10
    - type: dot_map@100
      value: 0.09401937795309984
      name: Dot Map@100
    - type: query_active_dims
      value: 79.69999694824219
      name: Query Active Dims
    - type: query_sparsity_ratio
      value: 0.9973887688569477
      name: Query Sparsity Ratio
    - type: corpus_active_dims
      value: 202.17269897460938
      name: Corpus Active Dims
    - type: corpus_sparsity_ratio
      value: 0.9933761647672298
      name: Corpus Sparsity Ratio
    - type: dot_accuracy@1
      value: 0.34
      name: Dot Accuracy@1
    - type: dot_accuracy@3
      value: 0.5
      name: Dot Accuracy@3
    - type: dot_accuracy@5
      value: 0.54
      name: Dot Accuracy@5
    - type: dot_accuracy@10
      value: 0.58
      name: Dot Accuracy@10
    - type: dot_precision@1
      value: 0.34
      name: Dot Precision@1
    - type: dot_precision@3
      value: 0.30666666666666664
      name: Dot Precision@3
    - type: dot_precision@5
      value: 0.26
      name: Dot Precision@5
    - type: dot_precision@10
      value: 0.198
      name: Dot Precision@10
    - type: dot_recall@1
      value: 0.011597172822497613
      name: Dot Recall@1
    - type: dot_recall@3
      value: 0.06058581579610722
      name: Dot Recall@3
    - type: dot_recall@5
      value: 0.08260772201759854
      name: Dot Recall@5
    - type: dot_recall@10
      value: 0.09800124609193644
      name: Dot Recall@10
    - type: dot_ndcg@10
      value: 0.2466972614666078
      name: Dot Ndcg@10
    - type: dot_mrr@10
      value: 0.42200000000000004
      name: Dot Mrr@10
    - type: dot_map@100
      value: 0.09401937795309984
      name: Dot Map@100
    - type: query_active_dims
      value: 79.69999694824219
      name: Query Active Dims
    - type: query_sparsity_ratio
      value: 0.9973887688569477
      name: Query Sparsity Ratio
    - type: corpus_active_dims
      value: 202.17269897460938
      name: Corpus Active Dims
    - type: corpus_sparsity_ratio
      value: 0.9933761647672298
      name: Corpus Sparsity Ratio
  - task:
      type: sparse-information-retrieval
      name: Sparse Information Retrieval
    dataset:
      name: NanoQuoraRetrieval
      type: NanoQuoraRetrieval
    metrics:
    - type: dot_accuracy@1
      value: 0.94
      name: Dot Accuracy@1
    - type: dot_accuracy@3
      value: 0.98
      name: Dot Accuracy@3
    - type: dot_accuracy@5
      value: 0.98
      name: Dot Accuracy@5
    - type: dot_accuracy@10
      value: 0.98
      name: Dot Accuracy@10
    - type: dot_precision@1
      value: 0.94
      name: Dot Precision@1
    - type: dot_precision@3
      value: 0.3933333333333333
      name: Dot Precision@3
    - type: dot_precision@5
      value: 0.24799999999999997
      name: Dot Precision@5
    - type: dot_precision@10
      value: 0.13199999999999998
      name: Dot Precision@10
    - type: dot_recall@1
      value: 0.8173333333333332
      name: Dot Recall@1
    - type: dot_recall@3
      value: 0.9279999999999999
      name: Dot Recall@3
    - type: dot_recall@5
      value: 0.946
      name: Dot Recall@5
    - type: dot_recall@10
      value: 0.97
      name: Dot Recall@10
    - type: dot_ndcg@10
      value: 0.9467235239993945
      name: Dot Ndcg@10
    - type: dot_mrr@10
      value: 0.96
      name: Dot Mrr@10
    - type: dot_map@100
      value: 0.9290737327188939
      name: Dot Map@100
    - type: query_active_dims
      value: 76.58000183105469
      name: Query Active Dims
    - type: query_sparsity_ratio
      value: 0.9974909900455063
      name: Query Sparsity Ratio
    - type: corpus_active_dims
      value: 77.59056854248047
      name: Corpus Active Dims
    - type: corpus_sparsity_ratio
      value: 0.9974578805929336
      name: Corpus Sparsity Ratio
    - type: dot_accuracy@1
      value: 0.94
      name: Dot Accuracy@1
    - type: dot_accuracy@3
      value: 0.98
      name: Dot Accuracy@3
    - type: dot_accuracy@5
      value: 0.98
      name: Dot Accuracy@5
    - type: dot_accuracy@10
      value: 0.98
      name: Dot Accuracy@10
    - type: dot_precision@1
      value: 0.94
      name: Dot Precision@1
    - type: dot_precision@3
      value: 0.3933333333333333
      name: Dot Precision@3
    - type: dot_precision@5
      value: 0.24799999999999997
      name: Dot Precision@5
    - type: dot_precision@10
      value: 0.13199999999999998
      name: Dot Precision@10
    - type: dot_recall@1
      value: 0.8173333333333332
      name: Dot Recall@1
    - type: dot_recall@3
      value: 0.9279999999999999
      name: Dot Recall@3
    - type: dot_recall@5
      value: 0.946
      name: Dot Recall@5
    - type: dot_recall@10
      value: 0.97
      name: Dot Recall@10
    - type: dot_ndcg@10
      value: 0.9467235239993945
      name: Dot Ndcg@10
    - type: dot_mrr@10
      value: 0.96
      name: Dot Mrr@10
    - type: dot_map@100
      value: 0.9290737327188939
      name: Dot Map@100
    - type: query_active_dims
      value: 76.58000183105469
      name: Query Active Dims
    - type: query_sparsity_ratio
      value: 0.9974909900455063
      name: Query Sparsity Ratio
    - type: corpus_active_dims
      value: 77.59056854248047
      name: Corpus Active Dims
    - type: corpus_sparsity_ratio
      value: 0.9974578805929336
      name: Corpus Sparsity Ratio
  - task:
      type: sparse-nano-beir
      name: Sparse Nano BEIR
    dataset:
      name: NanoBEIR mean
      type: NanoBEIR_mean
    metrics:
    - type: dot_accuracy@1
      value: 0.47
      name: Dot Accuracy@1
    - type: dot_accuracy@3
      value: 0.61
      name: Dot Accuracy@3
    - type: dot_accuracy@5
      value: 0.665
      name: Dot Accuracy@5
    - type: dot_accuracy@10
      value: 0.735
      name: Dot Accuracy@10
    - type: dot_precision@1
      value: 0.47
      name: Dot Precision@1
    - type: dot_precision@3
      value: 0.255
      name: Dot Precision@3
    - type: dot_precision@5
      value: 0.184
      name: Dot Precision@5
    - type: dot_precision@10
      value: 0.1175
      name: Dot Precision@10
    - type: dot_recall@1
      value: 0.3522326265389577
      name: Dot Recall@1
    - type: dot_recall@3
      value: 0.4821464539490268
      name: Dot Recall@3
    - type: dot_recall@5
      value: 0.5371519305043997
      name: Dot Recall@5
    - type: dot_recall@10
      value: 0.6095003115229841
      name: Dot Recall@10
    - type: dot_ndcg@10
      value: 0.5323692419236733
      name: Dot Ndcg@10
    - type: dot_mrr@10
      value: 0.5489484126984127
      name: Dot Mrr@10
    - type: dot_map@100
      value: 0.46045673993926106
      name: Dot Map@100
    - type: query_active_dims
      value: 76.44499969482422
      name: Query Active Dims
    - type: query_sparsity_ratio
      value: 0.9974954131546155
      name: Query Sparsity Ratio
    - type: corpus_active_dims
      value: 122.79780664247188
      name: Corpus Active Dims
    - type: corpus_sparsity_ratio
      value: 0.9959767444255792
      name: Corpus Sparsity Ratio
    - type: dot_accuracy@1
      value: 0.4359811616954475
      name: Dot Accuracy@1
    - type: dot_accuracy@3
      value: 0.6088540031397174
      name: Dot Accuracy@3
    - type: dot_accuracy@5
      value: 0.6659026687598116
      name: Dot Accuracy@5
    - type: dot_accuracy@10
      value: 0.7383987441130299
      name: Dot Accuracy@10
    - type: dot_precision@1
      value: 0.4359811616954475
      name: Dot Precision@1
    - type: dot_precision@3
      value: 0.2725170068027211
      name: Dot Precision@3
    - type: dot_precision@5
      value: 0.2089481946624804
      name: Dot Precision@5
    - type: dot_precision@10
      value: 0.14605965463108322
      name: Dot Precision@10
    - type: dot_recall@1
      value: 0.2532746332292894
      name: Dot Recall@1
    - type: dot_recall@3
      value: 0.3813452238818861
      name: Dot Recall@3
    - type: dot_recall@5
      value: 0.4363867898661836
      name: Dot Recall@5
    - type: dot_recall@10
      value: 0.5099503000039356
      name: Dot Recall@10
    - type: dot_ndcg@10
      value: 0.4684519639817077
      name: Dot Ndcg@10
    - type: dot_mrr@10
      value: 0.5328029827315542
      name: Dot Mrr@10
    - type: dot_map@100
      value: 0.39738635557561647
      name: Dot Map@100
    - type: query_active_dims
      value: 90.39137197532713
      name: Query Active Dims
    - type: query_sparsity_ratio
      value: 0.9970384846348428
      name: Query Sparsity Ratio
    - type: corpus_active_dims
      value: 152.36685474307478
      name: Corpus Active Dims
    - type: corpus_sparsity_ratio
      value: 0.9950079662295042
      name: Corpus Sparsity Ratio
  - task:
      type: sparse-information-retrieval
      name: Sparse Information Retrieval
    dataset:
      name: NanoClimateFEVER
      type: NanoClimateFEVER
    metrics:
    - type: dot_accuracy@1
      value: 0.18
      name: Dot Accuracy@1
    - type: dot_accuracy@3
      value: 0.32
      name: Dot Accuracy@3
    - type: dot_accuracy@5
      value: 0.4
      name: Dot Accuracy@5
    - type: dot_accuracy@10
      value: 0.48
      name: Dot Accuracy@10
    - type: dot_precision@1
      value: 0.18
      name: Dot Precision@1
    - type: dot_precision@3
      value: 0.10666666666666666
      name: Dot Precision@3
    - type: dot_precision@5
      value: 0.08400000000000002
      name: Dot Precision@5
    - type: dot_precision@10
      value: 0.054000000000000006
      name: Dot Precision@10
    - type: dot_recall@1
      value: 0.085
      name: Dot Recall@1
    - type: dot_recall@3
      value: 0.14666666666666667
      name: Dot Recall@3
    - type: dot_recall@5
      value: 0.17833333333333332
      name: Dot Recall@5
    - type: dot_recall@10
      value: 0.215
      name: Dot Recall@10
    - type: dot_ndcg@10
      value: 0.1845115403570178
      name: Dot Ndcg@10
    - type: dot_mrr@10
      value: 0.2674126984126984
      name: Dot Mrr@10
    - type: dot_map@100
      value: 0.1475834110231865
      name: Dot Map@100
    - type: query_active_dims
      value: 89.86000061035156
      name: Query Active Dims
    - type: query_sparsity_ratio
      value: 0.9970558940891701
      name: Query Sparsity Ratio
    - type: corpus_active_dims
      value: 221.75527954101562
      name: Corpus Active Dims
    - type: corpus_sparsity_ratio
      value: 0.992734575730915
      name: Corpus Sparsity Ratio
  - task:
      type: sparse-information-retrieval
      name: Sparse Information Retrieval
    dataset:
      name: NanoDBPedia
      type: NanoDBPedia
    metrics:
    - type: dot_accuracy@1
      value: 0.6
      name: Dot Accuracy@1
    - type: dot_accuracy@3
      value: 0.84
      name: Dot Accuracy@3
    - type: dot_accuracy@5
      value: 0.84
      name: Dot Accuracy@5
    - type: dot_accuracy@10
      value: 0.92
      name: Dot Accuracy@10
    - type: dot_precision@1
      value: 0.6
      name: Dot Precision@1
    - type: dot_precision@3
      value: 0.5266666666666666
      name: Dot Precision@3
    - type: dot_precision@5
      value: 0.456
      name: Dot Precision@5
    - type: dot_precision@10
      value: 0.4220000000000001
      name: Dot Precision@10
    - type: dot_recall@1
      value: 0.04570544957623723
      name: Dot Recall@1
    - type: dot_recall@3
      value: 0.15367137863132574
      name: Dot Recall@3
    - type: dot_recall@5
      value: 0.1908008582920462
      name: Dot Recall@5
    - type: dot_recall@10
      value: 0.293554014064817
      name: Dot Recall@10
    - type: dot_ndcg@10
      value: 0.5070720730882787
      name: Dot Ndcg@10
    - type: dot_mrr@10
      value: 0.7147222222222225
      name: Dot Mrr@10
    - type: dot_map@100
      value: 0.3906658166774757
      name: Dot Map@100
    - type: query_active_dims
      value: 69.5199966430664
      name: Query Active Dims
    - type: query_sparsity_ratio
      value: 0.997722298779796
      name: Query Sparsity Ratio
    - type: corpus_active_dims
      value: 135.93350219726562
      name: Corpus Active Dims
    - type: corpus_sparsity_ratio
      value: 0.9955463763122578
      name: Corpus Sparsity Ratio
  - task:
      type: sparse-information-retrieval
      name: Sparse Information Retrieval
    dataset:
      name: NanoFEVER
      type: NanoFEVER
    metrics:
    - type: dot_accuracy@1
      value: 0.58
      name: Dot Accuracy@1
    - type: dot_accuracy@3
      value: 0.76
      name: Dot Accuracy@3
    - type: dot_accuracy@5
      value: 0.8
      name: Dot Accuracy@5
    - type: dot_accuracy@10
      value: 0.86
      name: Dot Accuracy@10
    - type: dot_precision@1
      value: 0.58
      name: Dot Precision@1
    - type: dot_precision@3
      value: 0.26666666666666666
      name: Dot Precision@3
    - type: dot_precision@5
      value: 0.16799999999999998
      name: Dot Precision@5
    - type: dot_precision@10
      value: 0.09
      name: Dot Precision@10
    - type: dot_recall@1
      value: 0.5466666666666666
      name: Dot Recall@1
    - type: dot_recall@3
      value: 0.7466666666666667
      name: Dot Recall@3
    - type: dot_recall@5
      value: 0.7866666666666667
      name: Dot Recall@5
    - type: dot_recall@10
      value: 0.8466666666666667
      name: Dot Recall@10
    - type: dot_ndcg@10
      value: 0.7069849294263234
      name: Dot Ndcg@10
    - type: dot_mrr@10
      value: 0.6765000000000001
      name: Dot Mrr@10
    - type: dot_map@100
      value: 0.6651380090497737
      name: Dot Map@100
    - type: query_active_dims
      value: 89.87999725341797
      name: Query Active Dims
    - type: query_sparsity_ratio
      value: 0.9970552389340994
      name: Query Sparsity Ratio
    - type: corpus_active_dims
      value: 221.215576171875
      name: Corpus Active Dims
    - type: corpus_sparsity_ratio
      value: 0.9927522581688004
      name: Corpus Sparsity Ratio
  - task:
      type: sparse-information-retrieval
      name: Sparse Information Retrieval
    dataset:
      name: NanoFiQA2018
      type: NanoFiQA2018
    metrics:
    - type: dot_accuracy@1
      value: 0.28
      name: Dot Accuracy@1
    - type: dot_accuracy@3
      value: 0.42
      name: Dot Accuracy@3
    - type: dot_accuracy@5
      value: 0.46
      name: Dot Accuracy@5
    - type: dot_accuracy@10
      value: 0.5
      name: Dot Accuracy@10
    - type: dot_precision@1
      value: 0.28
      name: Dot Precision@1
    - type: dot_precision@3
      value: 0.18
      name: Dot Precision@3
    - type: dot_precision@5
      value: 0.136
      name: Dot Precision@5
    - type: dot_precision@10
      value: 0.08399999999999999
      name: Dot Precision@10
    - type: dot_recall@1
      value: 0.14183333333333334
      name: Dot Recall@1
    - type: dot_recall@3
      value: 0.24288888888888888
      name: Dot Recall@3
    - type: dot_recall@5
      value: 0.27715873015873016
      name: Dot Recall@5
    - type: dot_recall@10
      value: 0.3288730158730159
      name: Dot Recall@10
    - type: dot_ndcg@10
      value: 0.28813286680239514
      name: Dot Ndcg@10
    - type: dot_mrr@10
      value: 0.3561904761904763
      name: Dot Mrr@10
    - type: dot_map@100
      value: 0.2415362537997973
      name: Dot Map@100
    - type: query_active_dims
      value: 82.86000061035156
      name: Query Active Dims
    - type: query_sparsity_ratio
      value: 0.9972852368583202
      name: Query Sparsity Ratio
    - type: corpus_active_dims
      value: 130.93699645996094
      name: Corpus Active Dims
    - type: corpus_sparsity_ratio
      value: 0.9957100780925245
      name: Corpus Sparsity Ratio
  - task:
      type: sparse-information-retrieval
      name: Sparse Information Retrieval
    dataset:
      name: NanoHotpotQA
      type: NanoHotpotQA
    metrics:
    - type: dot_accuracy@1
      value: 0.78
      name: Dot Accuracy@1
    - type: dot_accuracy@3
      value: 0.84
      name: Dot Accuracy@3
    - type: dot_accuracy@5
      value: 0.92
      name: Dot Accuracy@5
    - type: dot_accuracy@10
      value: 0.98
      name: Dot Accuracy@10
    - type: dot_precision@1
      value: 0.78
      name: Dot Precision@1
    - type: dot_precision@3
      value: 0.3733333333333333
      name: Dot Precision@3
    - type: dot_precision@5
      value: 0.28400000000000003
      name: Dot Precision@5
    - type: dot_precision@10
      value: 0.16
      name: Dot Precision@10
    - type: dot_recall@1
      value: 0.39
      name: Dot Recall@1
    - type: dot_recall@3
      value: 0.56
      name: Dot Recall@3
    - type: dot_recall@5
      value: 0.71
      name: Dot Recall@5
    - type: dot_recall@10
      value: 0.8
      name: Dot Recall@10
    - type: dot_ndcg@10
      value: 0.7143331285788386
      name: Dot Ndcg@10
    - type: dot_mrr@10
      value: 0.8361904761904762
      name: Dot Mrr@10
    - type: dot_map@100
      value: 0.6181181734895289
      name: Dot Map@100
    - type: query_active_dims
      value: 91.9800033569336
      name: Query Active Dims
    - type: query_sparsity_ratio
      value: 0.9969864359033833
      name: Query Sparsity Ratio
    - type: corpus_active_dims
      value: 152.01571655273438
      name: Corpus Active Dims
    - type: corpus_sparsity_ratio
      value: 0.9950194706587794
      name: Corpus Sparsity Ratio
  - task:
      type: sparse-information-retrieval
      name: Sparse Information Retrieval
    dataset:
      name: NanoSCIDOCS
      type: NanoSCIDOCS
    metrics:
    - type: dot_accuracy@1
      value: 0.36
      name: Dot Accuracy@1
    - type: dot_accuracy@3
      value: 0.58
      name: Dot Accuracy@3
    - type: dot_accuracy@5
      value: 0.68
      name: Dot Accuracy@5
    - type: dot_accuracy@10
      value: 0.76
      name: Dot Accuracy@10
    - type: dot_precision@1
      value: 0.36
      name: Dot Precision@1
    - type: dot_precision@3
      value: 0.2733333333333333
      name: Dot Precision@3
    - type: dot_precision@5
      value: 0.21199999999999997
      name: Dot Precision@5
    - type: dot_precision@10
      value: 0.15199999999999997
      name: Dot Precision@10
    - type: dot_recall@1
      value: 0.07566666666666666
      name: Dot Recall@1
    - type: dot_recall@3
      value: 0.16966666666666666
      name: Dot Recall@3
    - type: dot_recall@5
      value: 0.21766666666666665
      name: Dot Recall@5
    - type: dot_recall@10
      value: 0.31066666666666665
      name: Dot Recall@10
    - type: dot_ndcg@10
      value: 0.30291194083231554
      name: Dot Ndcg@10
    - type: dot_mrr@10
      value: 0.4943888888888889
      name: Dot Mrr@10
    - type: dot_map@100
      value: 0.21666464487074008
      name: Dot Map@100
    - type: query_active_dims
      value: 94.30000305175781
      name: Query Active Dims
    - type: query_sparsity_ratio
      value: 0.996910425167035
      name: Query Sparsity Ratio
    - type: corpus_active_dims
      value: 199.64630126953125
      name: Corpus Active Dims
    - type: corpus_sparsity_ratio
      value: 0.9934589377737524
      name: Corpus Sparsity Ratio
  - task:
      type: sparse-information-retrieval
      name: Sparse Information Retrieval
    dataset:
      name: NanoArguAna
      type: NanoArguAna
    metrics:
    - type: dot_accuracy@1
      value: 0.1
      name: Dot Accuracy@1
    - type: dot_accuracy@3
      value: 0.34
      name: Dot Accuracy@3
    - type: dot_accuracy@5
      value: 0.42
      name: Dot Accuracy@5
    - type: dot_accuracy@10
      value: 0.44
      name: Dot Accuracy@10
    - type: dot_precision@1
      value: 0.1
      name: Dot Precision@1
    - type: dot_precision@3
      value: 0.1133333333333333
      name: Dot Precision@3
    - type: dot_precision@5
      value: 0.084
      name: Dot Precision@5
    - type: dot_precision@10
      value: 0.044000000000000004
      name: Dot Precision@10
    - type: dot_recall@1
      value: 0.1
      name: Dot Recall@1
    - type: dot_recall@3
      value: 0.34
      name: Dot Recall@3
    - type: dot_recall@5
      value: 0.42
      name: Dot Recall@5
    - type: dot_recall@10
      value: 0.44
      name: Dot Recall@10
    - type: dot_ndcg@10
      value: 0.2781554838544819
      name: Dot Ndcg@10
    - type: dot_mrr@10
      value: 0.22466666666666665
      name: Dot Mrr@10
    - type: dot_map@100
      value: 0.2332757160696607
      name: Dot Map@100
    - type: query_active_dims
      value: 189.10000610351562
      name: Query Active Dims
    - type: query_sparsity_ratio
      value: 0.9938044687077021
      name: Query Sparsity Ratio
    - type: corpus_active_dims
      value: 164.03329467773438
      name: Corpus Active Dims
    - type: corpus_sparsity_ratio
      value: 0.9946257357093985
      name: Corpus Sparsity Ratio
  - task:
      type: sparse-information-retrieval
      name: Sparse Information Retrieval
    dataset:
      name: NanoSciFact
      type: NanoSciFact
    metrics:
    - type: dot_accuracy@1
      value: 0.52
      name: Dot Accuracy@1
    - type: dot_accuracy@3
      value: 0.62
      name: Dot Accuracy@3
    - type: dot_accuracy@5
      value: 0.64
      name: Dot Accuracy@5
    - type: dot_accuracy@10
      value: 0.76
      name: Dot Accuracy@10
    - type: dot_precision@1
      value: 0.52
      name: Dot Precision@1
    - type: dot_precision@3
      value: 0.21333333333333332
      name: Dot Precision@3
    - type: dot_precision@5
      value: 0.14
      name: Dot Precision@5
    - type: dot_precision@10
      value: 0.08399999999999999
      name: Dot Precision@10
    - type: dot_recall@1
      value: 0.475
      name: Dot Recall@1
    - type: dot_recall@3
      value: 0.58
      name: Dot Recall@3
    - type: dot_recall@5
      value: 0.615
      name: Dot Recall@5
    - type: dot_recall@10
      value: 0.74
      name: Dot Recall@10
    - type: dot_ndcg@10
      value: 0.6020710919940331
      name: Dot Ndcg@10
    - type: dot_mrr@10
      value: 0.5799047619047619
      name: Dot Mrr@10
    - type: dot_map@100
      value: 0.5551340236204781
      name: Dot Map@100
    - type: query_active_dims
      value: 82.45999908447266
      name: Query Active Dims
    - type: query_sparsity_ratio
      value: 0.9972983422094073
      name: Query Sparsity Ratio
    - type: corpus_active_dims
      value: 194.24940490722656
      name: Corpus Active Dims
    - type: corpus_sparsity_ratio
      value: 0.9936357576532591
      name: Corpus Sparsity Ratio
  - task:
      type: sparse-information-retrieval
      name: Sparse Information Retrieval
    dataset:
      name: NanoTouche2020
      type: NanoTouche2020
    metrics:
    - type: dot_accuracy@1
      value: 0.3877551020408163
      name: Dot Accuracy@1
    - type: dot_accuracy@3
      value: 0.7551020408163265
      name: Dot Accuracy@3
    - type: dot_accuracy@5
      value: 0.8367346938775511
      name: Dot Accuracy@5
    - type: dot_accuracy@10
      value: 0.9591836734693877
      name: Dot Accuracy@10
    - type: dot_precision@1
      value: 0.3877551020408163
      name: Dot Precision@1
    - type: dot_precision@3
      value: 0.4693877551020407
      name: Dot Precision@3
    - type: dot_precision@5
      value: 0.4163265306122449
      name: Dot Precision@5
    - type: dot_precision@10
      value: 0.33877551020408164
      name: Dot Precision@10
    - type: dot_recall@1
      value: 0.02376760958202688
      name: Dot Recall@1
    - type: dot_recall@3
      value: 0.08934182714819683
      name: Dot Recall@3
    - type: dot_recall@5
      value: 0.12879429112534482
      name: Dot Recall@5
    - type: dot_recall@10
      value: 0.21659229068805946
      name: Dot Recall@10
    - type: dot_ndcg@10
      value: 0.37622550913382224
      name: Dot Ndcg@10
    - type: dot_mrr@10
      value: 0.5806689342403627
      name: Dot Mrr@10
    - type: dot_map@100
      value: 0.2560796141253303
      name: Dot Map@100
    - type: query_active_dims
      value: 79.12245178222656
      name: Query Active Dims
    - type: query_sparsity_ratio
      value: 0.9974076911151881
      name: Query Sparsity Ratio
    - type: corpus_active_dims
      value: 135.00782775878906
      name: Corpus Active Dims
    - type: corpus_sparsity_ratio
      value: 0.9955767044178366
      name: Corpus Sparsity Ratio
---

# splade-distilbert-base-uncased trained on Quora Duplicates Questions

This is a [SPLADE Sparse Encoder](https://www.sbert.net/docs/sparse_encoder/usage/usage.html) model finetuned from [distilbert/distilbert-base-uncased](https://huggingface.co/distilbert/distilbert-base-uncased) on the [quora-duplicates](https://huggingface.co/datasets/sentence-transformers/quora-duplicates) dataset using the [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net) library. It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 30522-dimensional sparse vector space   and can be used for semantic search and sparse retrieval.
## Model Details

### Model Description
- **Model Type:** SPLADE Sparse Encoder
- **Base model:** [distilbert/distilbert-base-uncased](https://huggingface.co/distilbert/distilbert-base-uncased) <!-- at revision 12040accade4e8a0f71eabdb258fecc2e7e948be -->
- **Maximum Sequence Length:** 256 tokens
- **Output Dimensionality:** 30522 dimensions
- **Similarity Function:** Dot Product
- **Training Dataset:**
    - [quora-duplicates](https://huggingface.co/datasets/sentence-transformers/quora-duplicates)
- **Language:** en
- **License:** apache-2.0

### Model Sources

- **Documentation:** [Sentence Transformers Documentation](https://sbert.net)
- **Documentation:** [Sparse Encoder Documentation](https://www.sbert.net/docs/sparse_encoder/usage/usage.html)
- **Repository:** [Sentence Transformers on GitHub](https://github.com/UKPLab/sentence-transformers)
- **Hugging Face:** [Sparse Encoders on Hugging Face](https://huggingface.co/models?library=sentence-transformers&other=sparse-encoder)

### Full Model Architecture

```
SparseEncoder(
  (0): MLMTransformer({'max_seq_length': 256, 'do_lower_case': False}) with MLMTransformer model: DistilBertForMaskedLM 
  (1): SpladePooling({'pooling_strategy': 'max', 'activation_function': 'relu', 'word_embedding_dimension': 30522})
)
```

## Usage

### Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)

First install the Sentence Transformers library:

```bash
pip install -U sentence-transformers
```

Then you can load this model and run inference.
```python
from sentence_transformers import SparseEncoder

# Download from the 🤗 Hub
model = SparseEncoder("arthurbresnu/splade-distilbert-base-uncased-quora-duplicates")
# Run inference
sentences = [
    'What accomplishments did Hillary Clinton achieve during her time as Secretary of State?',
    "What are Hillary Clinton's most recognized accomplishments while Secretary of State?",
    'What are Hillary Clinton’s qualifications to be President?',
]
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings.shape)
# (3, 30522)

# Get the similarity scores for the embeddings
similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings)
print(similarities.shape)
# [3, 3]
```

<!--
### Direct Usage (Transformers)

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</details>
-->

<!--
### Downstream Usage (Sentence Transformers)

You can finetune this model on your own dataset.

<details><summary>Click to expand</summary>

</details>
-->

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### Out-of-Scope Use

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## Evaluation

### Metrics

#### Sparse Binary Classification

* Dataset: `quora_duplicates_dev`
* Evaluated with [<code>SparseBinaryClassificationEvaluator</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sparse_encoder/evaluation.html#sentence_transformers.sparse_encoder.evaluation.SparseBinaryClassificationEvaluator)

| Metric                       | Value      |
|:-----------------------------|:-----------|
| cosine_accuracy              | 0.758      |
| cosine_accuracy_threshold    | 0.8166     |
| cosine_f1                    | 0.6793     |
| cosine_f1_threshold          | 0.5696     |
| cosine_precision             | 0.5488     |
| cosine_recall                | 0.8913     |
| cosine_ap                    | 0.6888     |
| cosine_mcc                   | 0.5082     |
| dot_accuracy                 | 0.765      |
| dot_accuracy_threshold       | 51.6699    |
| dot_f1                       | 0.6762     |
| dot_f1_threshold             | 46.5249    |
| dot_precision                | 0.5817     |
| dot_recall                   | 0.8075     |
| dot_ap                       | 0.6336     |
| dot_mcc                      | 0.4996     |
| euclidean_accuracy           | 0.677      |
| euclidean_accuracy_threshold | -14.2724   |
| euclidean_f1                 | 0.486      |
| euclidean_f1_threshold       | -0.6445    |
| euclidean_precision          | 0.3213     |
| euclidean_recall             | 0.9969     |
| euclidean_ap                 | 0.2033     |
| euclidean_mcc                | -0.0459    |
| manhattan_accuracy           | 0.677      |
| manhattan_accuracy_threshold | -161.7768  |
| manhattan_f1                 | 0.486      |
| manhattan_f1_threshold       | -3.0495    |
| manhattan_precision          | 0.3213     |
| manhattan_recall             | 0.9969     |
| manhattan_ap                 | 0.2044     |
| manhattan_mcc                | -0.0459    |
| max_accuracy                 | 0.765      |
| max_accuracy_threshold       | 51.6699    |
| max_f1                       | 0.6793     |
| max_f1_threshold             | 46.5249    |
| max_precision                | 0.5817     |
| max_recall                   | 0.9969     |
| **max_ap**                   | **0.6888** |
| max_mcc                      | 0.5082     |
| active_dims                  | 78.3228    |
| sparsity_ratio               | 0.9974     |

#### Sparse Information Retrieval

* Datasets: `NanoMSMARCO`, `NanoNQ`, `NanoNFCorpus`, `NanoQuoraRetrieval`, `NanoClimateFEVER`, `NanoDBPedia`, `NanoFEVER`, `NanoFiQA2018`, `NanoHotpotQA`, `NanoMSMARCO`, `NanoNFCorpus`, `NanoNQ`, `NanoQuoraRetrieval`, `NanoSCIDOCS`, `NanoArguAna`, `NanoSciFact` and `NanoTouche2020`
* Evaluated with [<code>SparseInformationRetrievalEvaluator</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sparse_encoder/evaluation.html#sentence_transformers.sparse_encoder.evaluation.SparseInformationRetrievalEvaluator)

| Metric                | NanoMSMARCO | NanoNQ     | NanoNFCorpus | NanoQuoraRetrieval | NanoClimateFEVER | NanoDBPedia | NanoFEVER | NanoFiQA2018 | NanoHotpotQA | NanoSCIDOCS | NanoArguAna | NanoSciFact | NanoTouche2020 |
|:----------------------|:------------|:-----------|:-------------|:-------------------|:-----------------|:------------|:----------|:-------------|:-------------|:------------|:------------|:------------|:---------------|
| dot_accuracy@1        | 0.22        | 0.38       | 0.34         | 0.94               | 0.18             | 0.6         | 0.58      | 0.28         | 0.78         | 0.36        | 0.1         | 0.52        | 0.3878         |
| dot_accuracy@3        | 0.42        | 0.54       | 0.5          | 0.98               | 0.32             | 0.84        | 0.76      | 0.42         | 0.84         | 0.58        | 0.34        | 0.62        | 0.7551         |
| dot_accuracy@5        | 0.52        | 0.62       | 0.54         | 0.98               | 0.4              | 0.84        | 0.8       | 0.46         | 0.92         | 0.68        | 0.42        | 0.64        | 0.8367         |
| dot_accuracy@10       | 0.76        | 0.62       | 0.58         | 0.98               | 0.48             | 0.92        | 0.86      | 0.5          | 0.98         | 0.76        | 0.44        | 0.76        | 0.9592         |
| dot_precision@1       | 0.22        | 0.38       | 0.34         | 0.94               | 0.18             | 0.6         | 0.58      | 0.28         | 0.78         | 0.36        | 0.1         | 0.52        | 0.3878         |
| dot_precision@3       | 0.14        | 0.18       | 0.3067       | 0.3933             | 0.1067           | 0.5267      | 0.2667    | 0.18         | 0.3733       | 0.2733      | 0.1133      | 0.2133      | 0.4694         |
| dot_precision@5       | 0.104       | 0.124      | 0.26         | 0.248              | 0.084            | 0.456       | 0.168     | 0.136        | 0.284        | 0.212       | 0.084       | 0.14        | 0.4163         |
| dot_precision@10      | 0.076       | 0.064      | 0.198        | 0.132              | 0.054            | 0.422       | 0.09      | 0.084        | 0.16         | 0.152       | 0.044       | 0.084       | 0.3388         |
| dot_recall@1          | 0.22        | 0.36       | 0.0116       | 0.8173             | 0.085            | 0.0457      | 0.5467    | 0.1418       | 0.39         | 0.0757      | 0.1         | 0.475       | 0.0238         |
| dot_recall@3          | 0.42        | 0.52       | 0.0606       | 0.928              | 0.1467           | 0.1537      | 0.7467    | 0.2429       | 0.56         | 0.1697      | 0.34        | 0.58        | 0.0893         |
| dot_recall@5          | 0.52        | 0.6        | 0.0826       | 0.946              | 0.1783           | 0.1908      | 0.7867    | 0.2772       | 0.71         | 0.2177      | 0.42        | 0.615       | 0.1288         |
| dot_recall@10         | 0.76        | 0.61       | 0.098        | 0.97               | 0.215            | 0.2936      | 0.8467    | 0.3289       | 0.8          | 0.3107      | 0.44        | 0.74        | 0.2166         |
| **dot_ndcg@10**       | **0.4532**  | **0.4828** | **0.2467**   | **0.9467**         | **0.1845**       | **0.5071**  | **0.707** | **0.2881**   | **0.7143**   | **0.3029**  | **0.2782**  | **0.6021**  | **0.3762**     |
| dot_mrr@10            | 0.3601      | 0.4537     | 0.422        | 0.96               | 0.2674           | 0.7147      | 0.6765    | 0.3562       | 0.8362       | 0.4944      | 0.2247      | 0.5799      | 0.5807         |
| dot_map@100           | 0.3733      | 0.4454     | 0.094        | 0.9291             | 0.1476           | 0.3907      | 0.6651    | 0.2415       | 0.6181       | 0.2167      | 0.2333      | 0.5551      | 0.2561         |
| query_active_dims     | 74.76       | 74.74      | 79.7         | 76.58              | 89.86            | 69.52       | 89.88     | 82.86        | 91.98        | 94.3        | 189.1       | 82.46       | 79.1225        |
| query_sparsity_ratio  | 0.9976      | 0.9976     | 0.9974       | 0.9975             | 0.9971           | 0.9977      | 0.9971    | 0.9973       | 0.997        | 0.9969      | 0.9938      | 0.9973      | 0.9974         |
| corpus_active_dims    | 103.0652    | 141.3148   | 202.1727     | 77.5906            | 221.7553         | 135.9335    | 221.2156  | 130.937      | 152.0157     | 199.6463    | 164.0333    | 194.2494    | 135.0078       |
| corpus_sparsity_ratio | 0.9966      | 0.9954     | 0.9934       | 0.9975             | 0.9927           | 0.9955      | 0.9928    | 0.9957       | 0.995        | 0.9935      | 0.9946      | 0.9936      | 0.9956         |

#### Sparse Nano BEIR

* Dataset: `NanoBEIR_mean`
* Evaluated with [<code>SparseNanoBEIREvaluator</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sparse_encoder/evaluation.html#sentence_transformers.sparse_encoder.evaluation.SparseNanoBEIREvaluator) with these parameters:
  ```json
  {
      "dataset_names": [
          "msmarco",
          "nq",
          "nfcorpus",
          "quoraretrieval"
      ]
  }
  ```

| Metric                | Value      |
|:----------------------|:-----------|
| dot_accuracy@1        | 0.47       |
| dot_accuracy@3        | 0.61       |
| dot_accuracy@5        | 0.665      |
| dot_accuracy@10       | 0.735      |
| dot_precision@1       | 0.47       |
| dot_precision@3       | 0.255      |
| dot_precision@5       | 0.184      |
| dot_precision@10      | 0.1175     |
| dot_recall@1          | 0.3522     |
| dot_recall@3          | 0.4821     |
| dot_recall@5          | 0.5372     |
| dot_recall@10         | 0.6095     |
| **dot_ndcg@10**       | **0.5324** |
| dot_mrr@10            | 0.5489     |
| dot_map@100           | 0.4605     |
| query_active_dims     | 76.445     |
| query_sparsity_ratio  | 0.9975     |
| corpus_active_dims    | 122.7978   |
| corpus_sparsity_ratio | 0.996      |

#### Sparse Nano BEIR

* Dataset: `NanoBEIR_mean`
* Evaluated with [<code>SparseNanoBEIREvaluator</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sparse_encoder/evaluation.html#sentence_transformers.sparse_encoder.evaluation.SparseNanoBEIREvaluator) with these parameters:
  ```json
  {
      "dataset_names": [
          "climatefever",
          "dbpedia",
          "fever",
          "fiqa2018",
          "hotpotqa",
          "msmarco",
          "nfcorpus",
          "nq",
          "quoraretrieval",
          "scidocs",
          "arguana",
          "scifact",
          "touche2020"
      ]
  }
  ```

| Metric                | Value      |
|:----------------------|:-----------|
| dot_accuracy@1        | 0.436      |
| dot_accuracy@3        | 0.6089     |
| dot_accuracy@5        | 0.6659     |
| dot_accuracy@10       | 0.7384     |
| dot_precision@1       | 0.436      |
| dot_precision@3       | 0.2725     |
| dot_precision@5       | 0.2089     |
| dot_precision@10      | 0.1461     |
| dot_recall@1          | 0.2533     |
| dot_recall@3          | 0.3813     |
| dot_recall@5          | 0.4364     |
| dot_recall@10         | 0.51       |
| **dot_ndcg@10**       | **0.4685** |
| dot_mrr@10            | 0.5328     |
| dot_map@100           | 0.3974     |
| query_active_dims     | 90.3914    |
| query_sparsity_ratio  | 0.997      |
| corpus_active_dims    | 152.3669   |
| corpus_sparsity_ratio | 0.995      |

<!--
## Bias, Risks and Limitations

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### Recommendations

*What are recommendations with respect to the foreseeable issues? For example, filtering explicit content.*
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## Training Details

### Training Dataset

#### quora-duplicates

* Dataset: [quora-duplicates](https://huggingface.co/datasets/sentence-transformers/quora-duplicates) at [451a485](https://huggingface.co/datasets/sentence-transformers/quora-duplicates/tree/451a4850bd141edb44ade1b5828c259abd762cdb)
* Size: 99,000 training samples
* Columns: <code>anchor</code>, <code>positive</code>, and <code>negative</code>
* Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:
  |         | anchor                                                                           | positive                                                                          | negative                                                                          |
  |:--------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
  | type    | string                                                                           | string                                                                            | string                                                                            |
  | details | <ul><li>min: 6 tokens</li><li>mean: 14.1 tokens</li><li>max: 39 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 6 tokens</li><li>mean: 13.83 tokens</li><li>max: 41 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 6 tokens</li><li>mean: 15.21 tokens</li><li>max: 75 tokens</li></ul> |
* Samples:
  | anchor                                                                | positive                                                                   | negative                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |
  |:----------------------------------------------------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
  | <code>What are the best GMAT coaching institutes in Delhi NCR?</code> | <code>Which are the best GMAT coaching institutes in Delhi/NCR?</code>     | <code>What are the best GMAT coaching institutes in Delhi-Noida Area?</code>                                                                                                                                                           |
  | <code>Is a third world war coming?</code>                             | <code>Is World War 3 more imminent than expected?</code>                   | <code>Since the UN is unable to control terrorism and groups like ISIS, al-Qaeda and countries that promote terrorism (even though it consumed those countries), can we assume that the world is heading towards World War III?</code> |
  | <code>Should I build iOS or Android apps first?</code>                | <code>Should people choose Android or iOS first to build their App?</code> | <code>How much more effort is it to build your app on both iOS and Android?</code>                                                                                                                                                     |
* Loss: [<code>SpladeLoss</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sparse_encoder/losses.html#spladeloss) with these parameters:
  ```json
  {
      "loss": "SparseMultipleNegativesRankingLoss(scale=1.0, similarity_fct='dot_score')",
      "lambda_corpus": 3e-05,
      "lambda_query": 5e-05
  }
  ```

### Evaluation Dataset

#### quora-duplicates

* Dataset: [quora-duplicates](https://huggingface.co/datasets/sentence-transformers/quora-duplicates) at [451a485](https://huggingface.co/datasets/sentence-transformers/quora-duplicates/tree/451a4850bd141edb44ade1b5828c259abd762cdb)
* Size: 1,000 evaluation samples
* Columns: <code>anchor</code>, <code>positive</code>, and <code>negative</code>
* Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:
  |         | anchor                                                                            | positive                                                                          | negative                                                                          |
  |:--------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
  | type    | string                                                                            | string                                                                            | string                                                                            |
  | details | <ul><li>min: 6 tokens</li><li>mean: 14.05 tokens</li><li>max: 40 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 6 tokens</li><li>mean: 14.14 tokens</li><li>max: 44 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 6 tokens</li><li>mean: 14.56 tokens</li><li>max: 60 tokens</li></ul> |
* Samples:
  | anchor                                                             | positive                                                    | negative                                                         |
  |:-------------------------------------------------------------------|:------------------------------------------------------------|:-----------------------------------------------------------------|
  | <code>What happens if we use petrol in diesel vehicles?</code>     | <code>Why can't we use petrol in diesel?</code>             | <code>Why are diesel engines noisier than petrol engines?</code> |
  | <code>Why is Saltwater taffy candy imported in Switzerland?</code> | <code>Why is Saltwater taffy candy imported in Laos?</code> | <code>Is salt a consumer product?</code>                         |
  | <code>Which is your favourite film in 2016?</code>                 | <code>What movie is the best movie of 2016?</code>          | <code>What will the best movie of 2017 be?</code>                |
* Loss: [<code>SpladeLoss</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sparse_encoder/losses.html#spladeloss) with these parameters:
  ```json
  {
      "loss": "SparseMultipleNegativesRankingLoss(scale=1.0, similarity_fct='dot_score')",
      "lambda_corpus": 3e-05,
      "lambda_query": 5e-05
  }
  ```

### Training Hyperparameters
#### Non-Default Hyperparameters

- `eval_strategy`: steps
- `per_device_train_batch_size`: 12
- `per_device_eval_batch_size`: 12
- `learning_rate`: 2e-05
- `num_train_epochs`: 1
- `bf16`: True
- `load_best_model_at_end`: True
- `batch_sampler`: no_duplicates

#### All Hyperparameters
<details><summary>Click to expand</summary>

- `overwrite_output_dir`: False
- `do_predict`: False
- `eval_strategy`: steps
- `prediction_loss_only`: True
- `per_device_train_batch_size`: 12
- `per_device_eval_batch_size`: 12
- `per_gpu_train_batch_size`: None
- `per_gpu_eval_batch_size`: None
- `gradient_accumulation_steps`: 1
- `eval_accumulation_steps`: None
- `torch_empty_cache_steps`: None
- `learning_rate`: 2e-05
- `weight_decay`: 0.0
- `adam_beta1`: 0.9
- `adam_beta2`: 0.999
- `adam_epsilon`: 1e-08
- `max_grad_norm`: 1.0
- `num_train_epochs`: 1
- `max_steps`: -1
- `lr_scheduler_type`: linear
- `lr_scheduler_kwargs`: {}
- `warmup_ratio`: 0.0
- `warmup_steps`: 0
- `log_level`: passive
- `log_level_replica`: warning
- `log_on_each_node`: True
- `logging_nan_inf_filter`: True
- `save_safetensors`: True
- `save_on_each_node`: False
- `save_only_model`: False
- `restore_callback_states_from_checkpoint`: False
- `no_cuda`: False
- `use_cpu`: False
- `use_mps_device`: False
- `seed`: 42
- `data_seed`: None
- `jit_mode_eval`: False
- `use_ipex`: False
- `bf16`: True
- `fp16`: False
- `fp16_opt_level`: O1
- `half_precision_backend`: auto
- `bf16_full_eval`: False
- `fp16_full_eval`: False
- `tf32`: None
- `local_rank`: 0
- `ddp_backend`: None
- `tpu_num_cores`: None
- `tpu_metrics_debug`: False
- `debug`: []
- `dataloader_drop_last`: False
- `dataloader_num_workers`: 0
- `dataloader_prefetch_factor`: None
- `past_index`: -1
- `disable_tqdm`: False
- `remove_unused_columns`: True
- `label_names`: None
- `load_best_model_at_end`: True
- `ignore_data_skip`: False
- `fsdp`: []
- `fsdp_min_num_params`: 0
- `fsdp_config`: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False}
- `tp_size`: 0
- `fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap`: None
- `accelerator_config`: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None}
- `deepspeed`: None
- `label_smoothing_factor`: 0.0
- `optim`: adamw_torch
- `optim_args`: None
- `adafactor`: False
- `group_by_length`: False
- `length_column_name`: length
- `ddp_find_unused_parameters`: None
- `ddp_bucket_cap_mb`: None
- `ddp_broadcast_buffers`: False
- `dataloader_pin_memory`: True
- `dataloader_persistent_workers`: False
- `skip_memory_metrics`: True
- `use_legacy_prediction_loop`: False
- `push_to_hub`: False
- `resume_from_checkpoint`: None
- `hub_model_id`: None
- `hub_strategy`: every_save
- `hub_private_repo`: None
- `hub_always_push`: False
- `gradient_checkpointing`: False
- `gradient_checkpointing_kwargs`: None
- `include_inputs_for_metrics`: False
- `include_for_metrics`: []
- `eval_do_concat_batches`: True
- `fp16_backend`: auto
- `push_to_hub_model_id`: None
- `push_to_hub_organization`: None
- `mp_parameters`: 
- `auto_find_batch_size`: False
- `full_determinism`: False
- `torchdynamo`: None
- `ray_scope`: last
- `ddp_timeout`: 1800
- `torch_compile`: False
- `torch_compile_backend`: None
- `torch_compile_mode`: None
- `dispatch_batches`: None
- `split_batches`: None
- `include_tokens_per_second`: False
- `include_num_input_tokens_seen`: False
- `neftune_noise_alpha`: None
- `optim_target_modules`: None
- `batch_eval_metrics`: False
- `eval_on_start`: False
- `use_liger_kernel`: False
- `eval_use_gather_object`: False
- `average_tokens_across_devices`: False
- `prompts`: None
- `batch_sampler`: no_duplicates
- `multi_dataset_batch_sampler`: proportional

</details>

### Training Logs
| Epoch   | Step     | Training Loss | Validation Loss | quora_duplicates_dev_max_ap | NanoMSMARCO_dot_ndcg@10 | NanoNQ_dot_ndcg@10 | NanoNFCorpus_dot_ndcg@10 | NanoQuoraRetrieval_dot_ndcg@10 | NanoBEIR_mean_dot_ndcg@10 | NanoClimateFEVER_dot_ndcg@10 | NanoDBPedia_dot_ndcg@10 | NanoFEVER_dot_ndcg@10 | NanoFiQA2018_dot_ndcg@10 | NanoHotpotQA_dot_ndcg@10 | NanoSCIDOCS_dot_ndcg@10 | NanoArguAna_dot_ndcg@10 | NanoSciFact_dot_ndcg@10 | NanoTouche2020_dot_ndcg@10 |
|:-------:|:--------:|:-------------:|:---------------:|:---------------------------:|:-----------------------:|:------------------:|:------------------------:|:------------------------------:|:-------------------------:|:----------------------------:|:-----------------------:|:---------------------:|:------------------------:|:------------------------:|:-----------------------:|:-----------------------:|:-----------------------:|:--------------------------:|
| 0.0242  | 200      | 8.3389        | -               | -                           | -                       | -                  | -                        | -                              | -                         | -                            | -                       | -                     | -                        | -                        | -                       | -                       | -                       | -                          |
| 0.0485  | 400      | 0.4397        | -               | -                           | -                       | -                  | -                        | -                              | -                         | -                            | -                       | -                     | -                        | -                        | -                       | -                       | -                       | -                          |
| 0.0727  | 600      | 0.3737        | -               | -                           | -                       | -                  | -                        | -                              | -                         | -                            | -                       | -                     | -                        | -                        | -                       | -                       | -                       | -                          |
| 0.0970  | 800      | 0.2666        | -               | -                           | -                       | -                  | -                        | -                              | -                         | -                            | -                       | -                     | -                        | -                        | -                       | -                       | -                       | -                          |
| 0.1212  | 1000     | 0.288         | -               | -                           | -                       | -                  | -                        | -                              | -                         | -                            | -                       | -                     | -                        | -                        | -                       | -                       | -                       | -                          |
| 0.1455  | 1200     | 0.1977        | -               | -                           | -                       | -                  | -                        | -                              | -                         | -                            | -                       | -                     | -                        | -                        | -                       | -                       | -                       | -                          |
| 0.1697  | 1400     | 0.2707        | -               | -                           | -                       | -                  | -                        | -                              | -                         | -                            | -                       | -                     | -                        | -                        | -                       | -                       | -                       | -                          |
| 0.1939  | 1600     | 0.1951        | -               | -                           | -                       | -                  | -                        | -                              | -                         | -                            | -                       | -                     | -                        | -                        | -                       | -                       | -                       | -                          |
| 0.2     | 1650     | -             | 0.1669          | 0.6472                      | 0.3052                  | 0.2793             | 0.1711                   | 0.9281                         | 0.4209                    | -                            | -                       | -                     | -                        | -                        | -                       | -                       | -                       | -                          |
| 0.2182  | 1800     | 0.2178        | -               | -                           | -                       | -                  | -                        | -                              | -                         | -                            | -                       | -                     | -                        | -                        | -                       | -                       | -                       | -                          |
| 0.2424  | 2000     | 0.2174        | -               | -                           | -                       | -                  | -                        | -                              | -                         | -                            | -                       | -                     | -                        | -                        | -                       | -                       | -                       | -                          |
| 0.2667  | 2200     | 0.1832        | -               | -                           | -                       | -                  | -                        | -                              | -                         | -                            | -                       | -                     | -                        | -                        | -                       | -                       | -                       | -                          |
| 0.2909  | 2400     | 0.1879        | -               | -                           | -                       | -                  | -                        | -                              | -                         | -                            | -                       | -                     | -                        | -                        | -                       | -                       | -                       | -                          |
| 0.3152  | 2600     | 0.1723        | -               | -                           | -                       | -                  | -                        | -                              | -                         | -                            | -                       | -                     | -                        | -                        | -                       | -                       | -                       | -                          |
| 0.3394  | 2800     | 0.1543        | -               | -                           | -                       | -                  | -                        | -                              | -                         | -                            | -                       | -                     | -                        | -                        | -                       | -                       | -                       | -                          |
| 0.3636  | 3000     | 0.1559        | -               | -                           | -                       | -                  | -                        | -                              | -                         | -                            | -                       | -                     | -                        | -                        | -                       | -                       | -                       | -                          |
| 0.3879  | 3200     | 0.1575        | -               | -                           | -                       | -                  | -                        | -                              | -                         | -                            | -                       | -                     | -                        | -                        | -                       | -                       | -                       | -                          |
| 0.4     | 3300     | -             | 0.1149          | 0.6749                      | 0.3894                  | 0.4467             | 0.2360                   | 0.9292                         | 0.5003                    | -                            | -                       | -                     | -                        | -                        | -                       | -                       | -                       | -                          |
| 0.4121  | 3400     | 0.1395        | -               | -                           | -                       | -                  | -                        | -                              | -                         | -                            | -                       | -                     | -                        | -                        | -                       | -                       | -                       | -                          |
| 0.4364  | 3600     | 0.1596        | -               | -                           | -                       | -                  | -                        | -                              | -                         | -                            | -                       | -                     | -                        | -                        | -                       | -                       | -                       | -                          |
| 0.4606  | 3800     | 0.1595        | -               | -                           | -                       | -                  | -                        | -                              | -                         | -                            | -                       | -                     | -                        | -                        | -                       | -                       | -                       | -                          |
| 0.4848  | 4000     | 0.1211        | -               | -                           | -                       | -                  | -                        | -                              | -                         | -                            | -                       | -                     | -                        | -                        | -                       | -                       | -                       | -                          |
| 0.5091  | 4200     | 0.1163        | -               | -                           | -                       | -                  | -                        | -                              | -                         | -                            | -                       | -                     | -                        | -                        | -                       | -                       | -                       | -                          |
| 0.5333  | 4400     | 0.1182        | -               | -                           | -                       | -                  | -                        | -                              | -                         | -                            | -                       | -                     | -                        | -                        | -                       | -                       | -                       | -                          |
| 0.5576  | 4600     | 0.1337        | -               | -                           | -                       | -                  | -                        | -                              | -                         | -                            | -                       | -                     | -                        | -                        | -                       | -                       | -                       | -                          |
| 0.5818  | 4800     | 0.1362        | -               | -                           | -                       | -                  | -                        | -                              | -                         | -                            | -                       | -                     | -                        | -                        | -                       | -                       | -                       | -                          |
| 0.6     | 4950     | -             | 0.1001          | 0.6802                      | 0.4093                  | 0.4269             | 0.2341                   | 0.9365                         | 0.5017                    | -                            | -                       | -                     | -                        | -                        | -                       | -                       | -                       | -                          |
| 0.6061  | 5000     | 0.1112        | -               | -                           | -                       | -                  | -                        | -                              | -                         | -                            | -                       | -                     | -                        | -                        | -                       | -                       | -                       | -                          |
| 0.6303  | 5200     | 0.1064        | -               | -                           | -                       | -                  | -                        | -                              | -                         | -                            | -                       | -                     | -                        | -                        | -                       | -                       | -                       | -                          |
| 0.6545  | 5400     | 0.119         | -               | -                           | -                       | -                  | -                        | -                              | -                         | -                            | -                       | -                     | -                        | -                        | -                       | -                       | -                       | -                          |
| 0.6788  | 5600     | 0.1077        | -               | -                           | -                       | -                  | -                        | -                              | -                         | -                            | -                       | -                     | -                        | -                        | -                       | -                       | -                       | -                          |
| 0.7030  | 5800     | 0.1398        | -               | -                           | -                       | -                  | -                        | -                              | -                         | -                            | -                       | -                     | -                        | -                        | -                       | -                       | -                       | -                          |
| 0.7273  | 6000     | 0.09          | -               | -                           | -                       | -                  | -                        | -                              | -                         | -                            | -                       | -                     | -                        | -                        | -                       | -                       | -                       | -                          |
| 0.7515  | 6200     | 0.0903        | -               | -                           | -                       | -                  | -                        | -                              | -                         | -                            | -                       | -                     | -                        | -                        | -                       | -                       | -                       | -                          |
| 0.7758  | 6400     | 0.1082        | -               | -                           | -                       | -                  | -                        | -                              | -                         | -                            | -                       | -                     | -                        | -                        | -                       | -                       | -                       | -                          |
| 0.8     | 6600     | 0.1122        | 0.0901          | 0.6941                      | 0.4451                  | 0.4757             | 0.2542                   | 0.9411                         | 0.5290                    | -                            | -                       | -                     | -                        | -                        | -                       | -                       | -                       | -                          |
| 0.8242  | 6800     | 0.0708        | -               | -                           | -                       | -                  | -                        | -                              | -                         | -                            | -                       | -                     | -                        | -                        | -                       | -                       | -                       | -                          |
| 0.8485  | 7000     | 0.1291        | -               | -                           | -                       | -                  | -                        | -                              | -                         | -                            | -                       | -                     | -                        | -                        | -                       | -                       | -                       | -                          |
| 0.8727  | 7200     | 0.1165        | -               | -                           | -                       | -                  | -                        | -                              | -                         | -                            | -                       | -                     | -                        | -                        | -                       | -                       | -                       | -                          |
| 0.8970  | 7400     | 0.0735        | -               | -                           | -                       | -                  | -                        | -                              | -                         | -                            | -                       | -                     | -                        | -                        | -                       | -                       | -                       | -                          |
| 0.9212  | 7600     | 0.0775        | -               | -                           | -                       | -                  | -                        | -                              | -                         | -                            | -                       | -                     | -                        | -                        | -                       | -                       | -                       | -                          |
| 0.9455  | 7800     | 0.0945        | -               | -                           | -                       | -                  | -                        | -                              | -                         | -                            | -                       | -                     | -                        | -                        | -                       | -                       | -                       | -                          |
| 0.9697  | 8000     | 0.0912        | -               | -                           | -                       | -                  | -                        | -                              | -                         | -                            | -                       | -                     | -                        | -                        | -                       | -                       | -                       | -                          |
| 0.9939  | 8200     | 0.104         | -               | -                           | -                       | -                  | -                        | -                              | -                         | -                            | -                       | -                     | -                        | -                        | -                       | -                       | -                       | -                          |
| **1.0** | **8250** | **-**         | **0.0686**      | **0.6888**                  | **0.4532**              | **0.4828**         | **0.2467**               | **0.9467**                     | **0.5324**                | **-**                        | **-**                   | **-**                 | **-**                    | **-**                    | **-**                   | **-**                   | **-**                   | **-**                      |
| -1      | -1       | -             | -               | -                           | 0.4532                  | 0.4828             | 0.2467                   | 0.9467                         | 0.4685                    | 0.1845                       | 0.5071                  | 0.7070                | 0.2881                   | 0.7143                   | 0.3029                  | 0.2782                  | 0.6021                  | 0.3762                     |

* The bold row denotes the saved checkpoint.

### Environmental Impact
Carbon emissions were measured using [CodeCarbon](https://github.com/mlco2/codecarbon).
- **Energy Consumed**: 0.025 kWh
- **Carbon Emitted**: 0.001 kg of CO2
- **Hours Used**: 0.222 hours

### Training Hardware
- **On Cloud**: No
- **GPU Model**: 1 x NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3070 Ti Laptop GPU
- **CPU Model**: AMD Ryzen 9 6900HX with Radeon Graphics
- **RAM Size**: 30.61 GB

### Framework Versions
- Python: 3.12.9
- Sentence Transformers: 4.2.0.dev0
- Transformers: 4.50.3
- PyTorch: 2.6.0+cu124
- Accelerate: 1.6.0
- Datasets: 3.5.0
- Tokenizers: 0.21.1

## Citation

### BibTeX

#### Sentence Transformers
```bibtex
@inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert,
    title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks",
    author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    month = "11",
    year = "2019",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084",
}
```

#### SpladeLoss
```bibtex
@misc{formal2022distillationhardnegativesampling,
      title={From Distillation to Hard Negative Sampling: Making Sparse Neural IR Models More Effective},
      author={Thibault Formal and Carlos Lassance and Benjamin Piwowarski and Stéphane Clinchant},
      year={2022},
      eprint={2205.04733},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.IR},
      url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2205.04733},
}
```

#### SparseMultipleNegativesRankingLoss
```bibtex
@misc{henderson2017efficient,
    title={Efficient Natural Language Response Suggestion for Smart Reply},
    author={Matthew Henderson and Rami Al-Rfou and Brian Strope and Yun-hsuan Sung and Laszlo Lukacs and Ruiqi Guo and Sanjiv Kumar and Balint Miklos and Ray Kurzweil},
    year={2017},
    eprint={1705.00652},
    archivePrefix={arXiv},
    primaryClass={cs.CL}
}
```

#### FlopsLoss
```bibtex
@article{paria2020minimizing,
    title={Minimizing flops to learn efficient sparse representations},
    author={Paria, Biswajit and Yeh, Chih-Kuan and Yen, Ian EH and Xu, Ning and Ravikumar, Pradeep and P{'o}czos, Barnab{'a}s},
    journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2004.05665},
    year={2020}
    }
```

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