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Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.Is irritable bowel syndrome a diagnosis of exclusion? | Guidelines emphasize that irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is not a diagnosis of exclusion and encourage clinicians to make a positive diagnosis using the Rome criteria alone. Yet many clinicians are concerned about overlooking alternative diagnoses. We measured beliefs about whether IBS is a diagnosis of exclusion, and measured testing proclivity between IBS experts and community providers. | Patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS; Rome Criteria) were included by eight university hospitals (n = 196; 41.2 +/- 20.6 years; sex ratio (M/F) = 0.23). Control groups were: (i) patients consulting for the follow-up of non-neoplastic organic digestive diseases (n = 135; 41.5 +/- 17.0 years; 1.21); (ii) patients attending ophthalmology units (n = 200; 43.8 +/- 20.7 years; 0.81); (iii) healthy subjects seen in centres of the National Health System (n = 172; 40.3 +/- 16.3 years; 0.83). Each patient filled in an anonymous questionnaire, without help. Prevalence of sexual abuse in the various groups was compared by the chi 2 test. |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.Do provider service networks result in lower expenditures compared with HMOs or primary care case management in Florida's Medicaid program? | To determine the impact of Florida's Medicaid Demonstration 4 years post-implementation on per member per month (PMPM) Medicaid expenditures and whether receiving care through HMOs versus provider service networks (PSNs) in the Demonstration was associated with PMPM expenditures.DATA: Florida Medicaid claims from two fiscal years prior to implementation of the Demonstration (FY0405, FY0506) and the first four fiscal years after implementation (FY0607-FY0910) from two urban Demonstration counties and two urban non-Demonstration counties. | Medicare recipients with no history of MDD in either the ECA or CMS data had mean six-year medical costs of US $40,670, compared to $87,445 for Medicare recipients with MDD as recorded in CMS data and $43,583 for those with MDD as recorded in Baltimore-ECA data. Multivariable regressions found that compared to Medicare recipients with no history of depression, those with depression identified in the CMS data had significantly higher medical costs; about 1.87 times (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.32 to 2.67) higher. Medicare recipients with a history of depression identified in the ECA data were no more likely to have higher costs than were Medicare recipients with no history of depression (relative ratio 1.33, 95% CI 0.87 to 2.02). |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.Is Alveolar Macrophage Phagocytic Dysfunction in Children With Protracted Bacterial Bronchitis a Forerunner to Bronchiectasis? | Children with recurrent protracted bacterial bronchitis (PBB) and bronchiectasis share common features, and PBB is likely a forerunner to bronchiectasis. Both diseases are associated with neutrophilic inflammation and frequent isolation of potentially pathogenic microorganisms, including nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi), from the lower airway. Defective alveolar macrophage phagocytosis of apoptotic bronchial epithelial cells (efferocytosis), as found in other chronic lung diseases, may also contribute to tissue damage and neutrophil persistence. Thus, in children with bronchiectasis or PBB and in control subjects, we quantified the phagocytosis of airway apoptotic cells and NTHi by alveolar macrophages and related the phagocytic capacity to clinical and airway inflammation. | Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a frequent chronic lung disease in preterm infants, and we aimed to identify factors associated with this condition in infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.Delays in time to primary treatment after a diagnosis of breast cancer: does it impact survival? | Treatment delays in breast cancer are generally thought to affect prognosis but the impact on survival remains unclear. Indicators for breast cancer care include time to primary treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether time to primary treatment (TPT) in breast cancer impacts survival. | The traditional end point for assessing efficacy of first-line chemotherapies for advanced cancer is overall survival (OS), but this end point requires prolonged follow-up and is potentially confounded by the effects of second-line therapies. We investigated whether progression-free survival (PFS) could be considered a valid surrogate for OS in advanced colorectal cancer. |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.Does self-efficacy mediate the relationship between transformational leadership behaviours and healthcare workers' sleep quality? | Although there is evidence for the influential role of transformational leadership on health outcomes, researchers have used either attitude outcomes (e.g. job satisfaction) or softer health measures, such as general well-being. Specific measures of well-being such as sleep quality have not been used, despite its association with working conditions. | Self-regulatory executive function theory (Wells and Matthews, 1994; Wells, 2008) stresses the role of metacognitions in the development of emotional disorders. Within this metacognitive model, positive beliefs about ruminative thinking are thought to be a risk factor for engaging in rumination and subsequently for depression. However, most of the existing research relies on retrospective self-report trait measures. |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.Should general practitioners call patients by their first names? | To assess the acceptability to patients of the use of patients' first names by doctors and doctors' first names by patients in general practice. | To investigate patient-practitioner characteristics influencing brief alcohol intervention in primary care. |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.Is muscle power related to running speed with changes of direction? | The purpose of this study was to identify the relationships between leg muscle power and sprinting speed with changes of direction. | Peak power declines more precipitously than strength with advancing age and is a reliable measure of impairment and a strong predictor of functional performance. We tested the hypothesis that a high-velocity resistance-training program (HI) would increase muscle power more than a traditional low-velocity resistance-training program (LO). |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.Are interstitial fluid concentrations of meropenem equivalent to plasma concentrations in critically ill patients receiving continuous renal replacement therapy? | To describe the interstitial fluid (ISF) and plasma pharmacokinetics of meropenem in patients on continuous venovenous haemodiafiltration (CVVHDF). | The combination of inhaled iloprost and intravenous epoprostenol significantly improved mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP), cardiac index (CI), mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO2), and systemic arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2) compared with epoprostenol treatment alone. Mean systemic arterial pressure (MSAP) and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) remained unchanged. |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.Is extended aortic replacement in acute type A dissection justifiable? | The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of our surgical strategy for acute aortic dissection based on the extent of the dissection and the site of the entry, with special emphasis on resection of all dissected aortic segments if technically possible. | Between 1990 and 2010, 226 patients underwent emergency surgical operation for acute type A aortic dissection. We have followed the long-term outcomes. |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.Cold preparation use in young children after FDA warnings: do concerns still exist? | To characterize the use and delivery of cough and cold medicines in children younger than 6 presenting to an inner-city pediatric emergency department (PED) following 2007 FDA warnings. | Previous studies in adults have refuted the use of nitrites as a predictor of bacterial resistance to both trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and cephalosporins. Some centers now consider first-line outpatient therapy with an oral third-generation cephalosporin appropriate for young children. |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.May mean platelet volume levels be a predictor in the diagnosis of pelvic inflammatory disease? | Our aim in this study was to investigate whether mean platelet volume (MPV) value could be used as an early marker to predict pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). | Data of the Quality Assurance Department, Croatian Institute of Transfusion Medicine were used in the study. Measurement results of all study parameters are presented for the entire study period, while the rate of controlled platelet pools consistent with the specified quality requirements is additionally presented for each study year. |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.Preparing patients at high risk of falls for discharge home after rehabilitation: Do we meet the guidelines? | Medical records of 121 people who received inpatient rehabilitation were retrospectively screened; records of 50 people discharged home and at high falls risk (fall in last 12 months, fall preceding/during admission) were audited. Data extracted included falls risk identification during rehabilitation and in discharge documentation; falls risk factors assessed; and fall prevention strategies implemented. | a detailed checklist addressing factors relevant to discharge planning would shorten hospital stay, when added to the procedure report. |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.Is solitary kidney really more resistant to ischemia? | To our knowledge there are no evidence-based medicine data to date to critically judge the vulnerability of a solitary kidney to warm ischemia compared to paired kidneys. | Bilateral kidney ischemia was mastintained for 45 minutes. N-acetylcysteine, deferoxamine or both were administered into the aorta above the renal arteries immediately prior to induction of ischemia. Five rats from each group were sacrificed 1, 6 or 12 hours after reperfusion for the determination of blood creatinine, kidney oxidative damage parameters and myeloperoxidase activity. |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.Is a 9-month treatment sufficient in tuberculous enterocolitis? | Tuberculosis has increased in parallel with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome epidemic and the use of immunosuppressive therapy, and the growing incidence of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis, especially with intestinal involvement, reflects this trend. However, the duration of anti-tuberculous therapy has not been clarified in intestinal tuberculosis.AIM: To compare the efficacy of different treatment durations in tuberculous enterocolitis in terms of response and recurrence rates. | The study investigated whether tumor volume changes at 8 weeks of therapy is associated with outcomes in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients harboring sensitizing epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations treated with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.Does anastomotic leakage affect functional outcome after rectal resection for cancer? | Anastomotic leakage is the most threatening early complication in sphincter-preserving rectal cancer surgery. While the oncological consequences have been well examined, only few data exist about the functional outcome. | Patients with the best performance status have the best prognosis after resection for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. This study was undertaken to determine the impact of performance status on survival after pancreatectomy for adenocarcinoma. |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.Can continuous physical training counteract aging effect on myoelectric fatigue? | To compare the myoelectric onset of muscle fatigue in physically active trained young skiers with respect to elderly skiers and to test whether continuous training can counteract the selective loss of type II muscle fibers usually observed with aging. | Physical exercise has been shown to benefit diverse medical and behavioral conditions. This study assesses the feasibility and efficacy of an 8-week endurance and resistance training program on fitness measures in individuals undergoing residential treatment for methamphetamine (MA) dependence. |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.Is human cytomegalovirus infection associated with hypertension? | Recent studies have implicated the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) as a possible pathogen for causing hypertension. We aimed to study the association between HCMV infection and hypertension in the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). | Coronary atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, hypertension. |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.Is specialty care associated with improved survival of patients with congestive heart failure? | Implementation of the complex treatment strategies that have been shown to improve survival of patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) may require certain expertise. We wanted to examine the association between pattern of outpatient care and survival of patients with CHF. | Patients with congestive heart failure and patients with chronic liver disease experienced marked reduction in peak exercise oxygen consumption compared with normal controls (14.0 +/- 1.4 and 14.2 +/- 3.7 ml/kg/min, respectively, vs 25.8 +/- 5.6 ml/kg/min, p < 0.01). Minute ventilation at peak exercise was significantly higher in congestive heart failure subjects than in chronic liver disease patients (59.3 +/- 16.8 liter/min vs 41.4 +/- 14.2 liter/min, p < 0.05), although carbon dioxide production was similar (1,380 +/- 308 ml vs 1,180 +/- 389 ml, p = not significant), so that the ratio of minute ventilation to carbon dioxide production (ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide, an index of ventilatory drive) was significantly elevated in congestive heart failure subjects (43 +/- 9 vs 36 +/- 7, p < 0.05). |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.Do resident's leadership skills relate to ratings of technical skill? | This study sought to compare general surgery research residents' survey information regarding self-efficacy ratings to their observed performance during a simulated small bowel repair. Their observed performance ratings were based on their leadership skills in directing their assistant. | It is unknown whether clinical performance during residency is related to the American Board of Anesthesiology (ABA) oral examination scores. We hypothesized that resident clinical performance would be independently associated with oral examination performance because the oral examination is designed to test for clinical judgment. |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.Is the zeolite hemostatic agent beneficial in reducing blood loss during arterial injury? | Uncontrolled hemorrhage is the leading cause of fatality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of zeolite mineral (QuikClot - Advanced Clotting Sponge [QC-ACS]) on blood loss and physiological variables in a swine extremity arterial injury model. | Zoledronic acid (ZA), a bisphosphonate, increases the levels of cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in subjects without cancer. Increased production of ROS, TNF-α, and IL-6 during ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury stimulates apoptosis that leads to renal injury. We aimed to investigate whether ZA treatment has a protective effect on renal tissues during I/R. |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.Do approved doctors and medical referees in the UK agree when assessing a seafarer's fitness? | The seafaring industry remains a hazardous occupation that requires sophisticated systems of risk and fitness assessment. This study aims to investigate the extent of agreement between Approved Doctors (ADs) and Medical Referees (MRs) when they assess a seafarer's fitness. | To assess recent disparities in fatal and non-fatal injury between travellers and the general population in Ireland. |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.Should pulp chamber pulpotomy be seen as a permanent treatment? | Seventeen patients, aged 7-54 years (mean of 37.2 year), were treated by pulpotomy and filling with ProRoot MTA(®) in premolar or molar teeth with vital pulps and without clinical evidence of irreversible pulpitis. The patients were then followed up for 12 to 24 months and the teeth then assessed by clinical and radiographic examination. Statistical analysis was performed with Kaplan-Meier survival probability statistics to estimate the survival of the treated teeth. | Discontinuous pulmonary arteries are believed to portend poor outcomes for a single ventricle palliation leading to Fontan's operation. This is a single institutional review of patients with single ventricle and discontinuous pulmonary arteries who underwent pulmonary artery centralization as part of staged surgical palliation. |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.Do healthier lifestyles lead to less utilization of healthcare resources? | Governments are urged to determine methods to control the use of medical resources and curb the rise of healthcare costs. The question is, do health behaviors have an impact on the use of medical resources? This study aims to identify and understand the difference in the number of outpatient visits and health examinations based on various health behaviors and to determine whether patients seek medical care for illness from the same physicians. | Multidisciplinary structured lifestyle intervention reduced the estimated ten-year risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The relative risk reduction was similar in patients with and without a history of CVD, the absolute risk reduction was higher in patients with a history of CVD. In both groups blood pressure and body weight decreased, and the maximal work rate and maximal oxygen uptake increased significantly. Blood levels of total cholesterol and cholesterol/HDL ratio decreased significantly in patients with a history of CVD. In addition, target levels for blood pressure and physical fitness were more frequently reached in both patient groups. |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.The use of audit to identify maternal mortality in different settings: is it just a difference between the rich and the poor? | To illustrate how maternal mortality audit identifies different causes of and contributing factors to maternal deaths in different settings in low- and high-income countries and how this can lead to local solutions in reducing maternal deaths. | A comparative analysis on fetal cfDNA amounts was performed in subjects stratified into a priori risk groups based on maternal age, prenatal screening results, or nuchal translucency measurement. |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.Is the type of remission after a major depressive episode an important risk factor to relapses in a 4-year follow up? | Rates of relapse and predictive relapse factors were studied over more than 4 years in a sample of Spanish outpatients with DSM-III-R criteria for unipolar major depressive episode. | Prospective 4-year review of mechanically ventilated patients. |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.Does maternal obesity have an influence on feeding behavior of obese children? | Obese children and adolescents referred to the pediatric endocrinology department were enrolled consecutively. Height and weight of all children and their mothers were measured. Maternal feeding practices were measured using an adapted version of the Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ). Answers were compared between obese (Body Mass Index [BMI] ≥ 30 kg/m2) and non-obese mothers. | Maternal obesity is associated with dysregulation of glucose and lipid metabolism with consequent exposure of the fetus to an abnormal metabolic milieu. It is recognized that maternal obesity predisposes offspring to chronic kidney disease (CKD). We aimed to determine whether the nuclear Farnesoid X receptor (FXR), known to play a role in maintaining homeostasis of glucose and lipid metabolism, is involved in renal injury in offspring of obese mothers. |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.Chemoradiotherapy in the management of locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma esophagus: is surgical resection required? | The present study aims to evaluate benefit of adding surgery to chemoradiotherapy alone in management of carcinoma esophagus. | Although controversial, some believe that preoperative chemoradiation increases the use of sphincter-preserving surgery in low rectal carcinoma patients. This article investigates the relationship between objective tumor response and sphincter preservation in low rectal carcinoma patients. |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.Should early extubation be the goal for children after congenital cardiac surgery? | We sought to determine the feasibility and assess the clinical outcomes associated with an early extubation strategy for all children undergoing congenital heart surgery, including neonates (age,<30 days). | Adults with congenital heart diseases have a substantial risk for bleeding upon re-operations. Due to the detrimental effects of allogeneic blood transfusion, reduction of transfusion requirement is a major concern. To investigate the efficacy of autologous blood predonation (ABP), we focussed on a homogeneous subgroup of patients, with right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction. |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.Location and number of sutures placed for hiatal hernia repair during laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding: does it matter? | It has been demonstrated that hiatal hernia repair (HHR) during laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) decreases the rate of reoperation. However, the technical aspects (location and number of sutures) are not standardized. It is unknown whether such technical details are associated with differing rates of reoperation for band-related problems. | Common surgical knowledge is that inguinal hernia repair in premature infants should be postponed until they reach a certain weight or age. Optimal management, however, is still under debate. The objective of this study was to collect evidence for the optimal management of inguinal hernia repair in premature infants. |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.Substance use and HIV-related sexual behaviors among US high school students: are they related? | This study was undertaken to examine whether use of alcohol, cigarettes, marijuana, cocaine, and other illicit drugs is related to the likelihood of sexual behaviors that increase risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among youth. | Youth with alcohol or marijuana dependence or disorders (substance use disorders [SUDs]) are at increased risk of acquiring sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Sexual partner characteristics may explain the relationship between SUD and STD. |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.Is the h-index predictive of greater NIH funding success among academic radiologists? | Despite rapid adoption of the Hirsch index (h-index) as a measure of academic success, the correlations between the h-index and other metrics of productivity remain poorly understood. The aims of this study were to determine whether h-indices were associated with greater National Institutes of Health (NIH) funding success among academic radiologists. | Of 52 questionnaires sent, 50 were completed (response rate, 96.2%). Of these, 44% agreed that our RADPEER-like system is a waste of time, and 58% believed it is done merely to meet hospital/regulatory requirements. Conversely, 46% agreed that peer review improves radiologist performance, 32% agreed that it decreases medical error, and 42% believed that peer review results are valuable to protect radiologists in cases referred to the medical board. A large majority perform all peer reviews close to the deadline, and substantial minorities frequently or almost always select more than one previous examination for a single medical record number (28%), consciously select "less time intensive" cases (22%), and intentionally avoid cases requiring more time to peer review (30%). |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.Can echocardiography and ECG discriminate hereditary transthyretin V30M amyloidosis from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy? | Hereditary transthyretin (ATTR) amyloidosis with increased left ventricular wall thickness could easily be misdiagnosed by echocardiography as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Our aim was to create a diagnostic tool based on echocardiography and ECG that could optimise identification of ATTR amyloidosis. | The validity of genotype:phenotype correlation studies in human hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) has recently been questioned, yet animal models and in vitro studies suggest distinct effects for different mutations. The aims of this study were to investigate whether distinct HCM-mutations have different consequences for cardiac structure and function in the absence of the confounding effects of hypertrophy. |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.Is motion perception deficit in schizophrenia a consequence of eye-tracking abnormality? | Studies have shown that schizophrenia patients have motion perception deficit, which was thought to cause eye-tracking abnormality in schizophrenia. However, eye movement closely interacts with motion perception. The known eye-tracking difficulties in schizophrenia patients may interact with their motion perception. | Schizophrenia is a complex mental disorder marked by severely impaired thinking, delusional thoughts, hallucinations and poor emotional responsiveness. The biological mechanisms that lead to schizophrenia may be related to the genetic background of patients. Thus, a genetic perspective may help to unravel the molecular pathways disrupted in schizophrenia. |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN): a role for polymorphisms in the beta-adrenergic receptor (ADRB) encoding genes? | DNA was collected for genotyping from 73 term newborns suffering from TTN and 55 healthy controls from a Caucasian cohort. | A polymorphism (C825T) in G-protein β polypeptide-3 (GNβ3) gene alters intracellular signal transduction, which may cause motor or sensory abnormalities in the gastrointestinal tract. Cholecystokinin-A receptor (CCK-AR) gene T/C polymorphism is associated with a defective splicing of the primary transcript of CCK-AR mRNA, which may modulate satiety signal and delay gastric emptying. Therefore, we evaluated the role of these polymorphisms in patients with functional dyspepsia (FD) as compared with healthy controls (HC). |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.Is resected stomach volume related to weight loss after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy? | Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) was initially performed as the first stage of biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch for the treatment of super-obese or high-risk obese patients but is now most commonly performed as a standalone operation. The aim of this prospective study was to investigate outcomes after LSG according to resected stomach volume. | Previous studies have reported on the association between perioperative morbidity and diminished oncologic outcomes in patients undergoing resection for colorectal or pancreatic cancer. However, the effect of anastomotic leak (AL) on the survival of patients with gastric or esophageal cancer remains unclear. |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.Does perspective-taking increase patient satisfaction in medical encounters? | To assess whether perspective-taking, which researchers in other fields have shown to induce empathy, improves patient satisfaction in encounters between student-clinicians and standardized patients (SPs). | The perception of the population about their needs must be considered in health care planning. |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.Are acceptance rates of a national preventive home visit programme for older people socially imbalanced? | Preventive home visits are offered to community dwelling older people in Denmark aimed at maintaining their functional ability for as long as possible, but only two thirds of older people accept the offer from the municipalities. The purpose of this study is to investigate 1) whether socioeconomic status was associated with acceptance of preventive home visits among older people and 2) whether municipality invitational procedures for the preventive home visits modified the association. | As the number of older adults living in nursing homes increases, peer support received from other residents in the institutions is critical to the psychological well-being of residents who face physical declines and reduction in family support. This study tested whether institutional peer support would account for the detrimental effect of physical declines on depressive symptoms of Chinese older people residing in nursing homes. |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.Gadofosveset-enhanced MR angiography of carotid arteries: does steady-state imaging improve accuracy of first-pass imaging? | To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of gadofosveset-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) angiography in the assessment of carotid artery stenosis, with digital subtraction angiography (DSA) as the reference standard, and to determine the value of reading first-pass, steady-state, and "combined" (first-pass plus steady-state) MR angiograms. | In a longitudinal study we investigated in vivo alterations of CVO during neuroinflammation, applying Gadofluorine M- (Gf) enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, an animal model of multiple sclerosis. SJL/J mice were monitored by Gadopentate dimeglumine- (Gd-DTPA) and Gf-enhanced MRI after adoptive transfer of proteolipid-protein-specific T cells. Mean Gf intensity ratios were calculated individually for different CVO and correlated to the clinical disease course. Subsequently, the tissue distribution of fluorescence-labeled Gf as well as the extent of cellular inflammation was assessed in corresponding histological slices. |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.Is prophylactic fixation a cost-effective method to prevent a future contralateral fragility hip fracture? | : A previous hip fracture more than doubles the risk of a contralateral hip fracture. Pharmacologic and environmental interventions to prevent hip fracture have documented poor compliance. The purpose of this study was to examine the cost-effectiveness of prophylactic fixation of the uninjured hip to prevent contralateral hip fracture. | Compaction of the bone tunnel walls has been proposed to increase the fixation strength of soft tissue grafts fixed with an interference screw in anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions. |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.Is there any relationship between streptococcal infection and multiple sclerosis? | Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated inflammatory demyelinating disease of uncertain etiology. Although the mechanisms of inducting autoimmunity by some of the infectious agents have been investigated, there is not yet enough research on streptococcal infections.MATERIAL/ | Patients diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) but without disability (Expanded Disability Status Scale score <2) form a specific group within those patients suffering from relapsing-remitting MS. Several neuroimmunologic effectors, including cytokines and melatonin, are known for their influence on the initiation of relapses and progression of the disease. |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.Pituitary apoplexy: do histological features influence the clinical presentation and outcome? | A retrospective analysis of a contemporary series of patients with pituitary apoplexy was performed to ascertain whether the histopathological features influence the clinical presentation or the outcome. | To correlate the histopathological findings of psoriasis with the PSI. |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.Does the Simultaneous Use of a Neuroendoscope Influence the Incidence of Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Infection? | The relationship between the use of an endoscope during ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) procedures and infection remains poorly defined. In this study, we sought to analyze whether the simultaneous use of an endoscope could in fact increase the infection rate associated with VPS procedures. | Is the occurrence of pelvic pain in women with ovarian endometrioma associated with coexisting peritoneal lesions (PLs)? |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.Is the Androgen Deficiency of Aging Men (ADAM) questionnaire useful for the screening of partial androgenic deficiency of aging men? | Androgen serum levels significantly decrease in older men, causing quality of life impairment and increasing the risk of chronic disease. This disorder is defined as PADAM (Partial Androgen Deficiency of Aging Men). | To identify high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subfractions associated with longevity in men. |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.Is an advance care planning model feasible in community palliative care? | An effective advance care planning programme involves an organizational wide commitment and preparedness for health service reform to embed advance care planning into routine practice. Internationally, such programmes have been implemented predominantly in aged and acute care with more recent work in primary care. | A prospective cross-sectional study. |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.Does responsibility affect the public's valuation of health care interventions? | Health services often spend more on safety interventions than seems cost-effective. This study investigates whether the public value safety-related health care improvements more highly than the same improvements in contexts where the health care system is not responsible. | A series of hierarchical regressions controlling for biopsychosocial, other neurocognitive, and medication-related factors showed that elevated complaints on the PM scale of the PRMQ and worse performance on an objective semantically unrelated event-based PM task were independent predictors of poorer medication adherence as measured by the MAMS. |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.Is Aspiration Thrombectomy Beneficial in Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention? | It is unclear whether intravenous glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors or ischemic time might modify any clinical benefits observed with aspiration thrombectomy before primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction. | The long-term value of rescue percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction who received thrombolytic therapy but failed to achieve early recanalization of the artery is still debated. This study aimed to compare long-term outcomes after successful thrombolysis vs. systematic attempted rescue PTCA. |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.Convulsions and retinal haemorrhage: should we look further? | The prevalence of retinal haemorrhages after convulsions is not well established. As these haemorrhages are considered characteristic of child abuse, we investigated their occurrence after convulsive episodes to see whether the finding of haemorrhage should prompt further investigation. | Neuron loss, glial activation and vascular degeneration are common sequelae of ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in ocular diseases. The present study was conducted to explore the ability of curcumin to inhibit retinal I/R injury, and to investigate underlying mechanisms of the drug effects. |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.Is severe pain immediately after spinal augmentation a predictor of long-term outcomes? | Severe, immediate postprocedural pain and the need for analgesics after vertebroplasty can be a discouraging experience for patients and caregivers. The goal of this study was to investigate whether the presence of severe pain immediately after vertebroplasty predicts short- and long-term pain relief. | To compare short-term morbidity for primary and revision posterior lumbar fusions. |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.Evaluation of pediatric VCUG at an academic children's hospital: is the radiographic scout image necessary? | There is heterogeneity in how pediatric voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) is performed. Some institutions, including our own, obtain a radiographic scout image prior to contrast agent instillation. | To determine if mild renal pelvic dilatation at renal ultrasound (RUS) is a reliable sign of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) at voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) in children. |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.Is the processing of affective prosody influenced by spatial attention? | The present study asked whether the processing of affective prosody is modulated by spatial attention. Pseudo-words with a neutral, happy, threatening, and fearful prosody were presented at two spatial positions. Participants attended to one position in order to detect infrequent targets. Emotional prosody was task irrelevant. The electro-encephalogram (EEG) was recorded to assess processing differences as a function of spatial attention and emotional valence. | Retrospective cross-sectional study. |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.Can dose reduction to one parotid gland prevent xerostomia? | Dryness of the mouth is one of the most distressing chronic toxicities of radiation therapy in head and neck cancers. In this study, parotid function was assessed in patients with locally advanced head and neck cancers undergoing intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) with or without chemotherapy. Parotid function was assessed with the help of a questionnaire and parotid scintigraphy, especially with regards to unilateral sparing of the parotid gland. | A prostate apoptosis response 4 (Par-4) gene was up-regulated after NSAID treatment. Par-4 was first isolated from prostate carcinoma cells undergoing apoptosis, and expression of Par-4 sensitized cancer cells to apoptotic stimuli. Par-4 levels were increased in cells treated with COX inhibitors such as NS-398, nimesulide, SC-58125, and sulindac sulfide. Treatment of HCA-7 cells with these agents also induced apoptotic cell death. |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.Risk factors for major depression during midlife among a community sample of women with and without prior major depression: are they the same or different? | Women's vulnerability for a first lifetime-onset of major depressive disorder (MDD) during midlife is substantial. It is unclear whether risk factors differ for first lifetime-onset and recurrent MDD. Identifying these risk factors can provide more focused depression screening and earlier intervention. This study aims to evaluate whether lifetime psychiatric and health histories, personality traits, menopausal status and factors that vary over time, e.g. symptoms, are independent risk factors for first-onset or recurrent MDD across 13 annual follow-ups. | Approximately 33% of women were found to be either moderately (14.7%) or severely (18%) depressed. The following socio-demographic variables were found to be correlated with scores on the BDI (p < .05): marital status (being single, widowed or divorced), working status (working full- or part-time), and family income (lower family income). The number of stressful life events that a woman had experienced in the past year was also correlated with depression. |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.Can nonproliferative breast disease and proliferative breast disease without atypia be distinguished by fine-needle aspiration cytology? | Cytologic criteria reported to be helpful in the distinction of proliferative breast disease without atypia (PBD) from nonproliferative breast disease (NPBD) have not been rigorously tested. | Of these 136 (38.3%) DN were classified as small. Grades of architectural disorder and cytologic atypia were equally distributed in small and large DN. Forty lesions were diagnosed as dysplastic nevi with severe architectural disorder (DNSAD). Thirteen DNSAD were small; of these, 84.6% were junctional. DN showing only mild to moderate architectural disorder were found to be predominantly compound. DN with severe cytologic atypia were mainly large (8/10 cases) with no particular type (junctional or compound) predominance. Seven cases displayed both severe architectural disorder and severe cytologic atypia; only one of these cases (a junctional lesion) measured less than 3 mm. |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.Does type 1 diabetes mellitus affect Achilles tendon response to a 10 km run? | Achilles tendon structure deteriorates 2-days after maximal loading in elite athletes. The load-response behaviour of tendons may be altered in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) as hyperglycaemia accelerates collagen cross-linking. This study compared Achilles tendon load-response in participants with T1DM and controls. | The inability to produce insulin endogenously precipitates the clinical symptoms of type 1 diabetes mellitus. However, the dynamic trajectory of beta cell destruction following onset remains unclear. Using model-based inference, the severity of beta cell destruction at onset decreases with age where, on average, a 40% reduction in beta cell mass was sufficient to precipitate clinical symptoms at 20 years of age. While plasma C-peptide provides a surrogate measure of endogenous insulin production post-onset, it is unclear as to whether plasma C-peptide represents changes in beta cell mass or beta cell function. The objective of this paper was to determine the relationship between beta cell mass and endogenous insulin production post-onset. |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.Is cytokeratin immunoreactivity useful in the diagnosis of short-segment Barrett's oesophagus in Korea? | Cytokeratin 7/20 staining has been reported to be helpful in diagnosing Barrett's oesophagus and gastric intestinal metaplasia. However, this is still a matter of some controversy. | To examine whether a carotenoid, trans-sodium crocetinate, has beneficial effects on hemodynamic status and short-term outcome in a rat model of lethal hypoxemia. |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.Do general practitioner hospitals reduce the utilisation of general hospital beds? | To assess whether populations with access to general practitioner hospitals (GP hospitals) utilise general hospitals less than populations without such access. | To study the prevalence of GERD comorbidities in a tertiary care hospital. |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.Is late-night salivary cortisol a better screening test for possible cortisol excess than standard screening tests in obese patients with Type 2 diabetes? | Forty obese patients with T2DM without clinical features of Cushing's syndrome were recruited. Plasma, urinary and salivary cortisol were measured directly by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using monoclonal antibodies. The specificities of the three tests using various cutoffs were calculated and compared, employing the assumption that none of the patients had hypercortisolism. | By retrospective nested case-control analysis, eight subclinical hypothyroid (sHT) subjects and eight matched euthyroid controls underwent a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp and peak oxygen uptake test, before and after a 16-wk program of moderate aerobic exercise combined with diet-induced weight loss. All subjects were middle-aged (57.3 +/- 3.3 yr), were overweight to obese (body mass index = 33.1 +/- 0.8 kg m(-2)), and had impaired glucose tolerance. |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.Adjuvant radiation of stage III thymoma: is it necessary? | The criteria for administration of adjuvant radiation therapy after thymoma resection remains controversial, and it is unclear whether patients with Masaoka stage III thymoma benefit from adjuvant radiation. The goal of this report was to determine whether or not this group benefits from radiation therapy in disease-specific survival and disease-free survival. | A total of 438 stage II or III breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy were enrolled and analyzed retrospectively. |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.Health care for immigrants in Europe: is there still consensus among country experts about principles of good practice? | European Member States are facing a challenge to provide accessible and effective health care services for immigrants. It remains unclear how best to achieve this and what characterises good practice in increasingly multicultural societies across Europe. This study assessed the views and values of professionals working in different health care contexts and in different European countries as to what constitutes good practice in health care for immigrants. | Falls prevention is a practice context with a rapidly expanding evidence-base. However, little is known about the implementation of this evidence into practice by health professionals. This study aimed to explore how falls prevention evidence is applied in practice internationally by health professionals working in the homes of older people, and to identify the perceived barriers and effective strategies in implementing falls prevention programs. |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.Globulomaxillary cysts--do they really exist? | The so-called "globulomaxillary cyst", described as a fissural cyst, caused by entrapped epithelium between the nasal and maxillary process, is no longer considered for its own entity. Nevertheless, cystic lesions, which correspond to the previous image of globulomaxillary cysts, do still occur in daily practice. This raises the question to which entities pathological processes in this particular region actually belong to. | The failure of cancer treatments is partly due to the enrichment of cancer stem-like cells (CSLCs) that are resistant to conventional chemotherapy. A novel micelle formulation of oxaliplatin (OXA) encapsulated in chitosan vesicle was developed. The authors postulate that micelle encapsulation of OXA would eliminate both CSLCs and bulk cancer cells in colorectal cancer (CRC). |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.Is robotically assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy less invasive than retropubic radical prostatectomy? | To evaluate whether robotically assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP) is less invasive than radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP), as experimental studies suggest that the acute phase reaction is proportional to surgery-induced tissue damage. | Consecutive patients (n = 108) who underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy and systematic sextant biopsies were retrospectively evaluated. Serum prostate-specific antigen, digital rectal examination, primary Gleason grade, Gleason score, and the number and location of positive sextant biopsies were recorded for each patient. Radical prostatectomy specimens were evaluated by step-section techniques at 3 to 5-mm intervals. Univariate comparisons for each of these variables was performed between the positive and negative margin groups using the Mann-Whitney U test or chi-square analysis. Logistic regression analysis was performed for these variables. |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.Is the covering of the resection margin after distal pancreatectomy advantageous? | In recent years, many advances in pancreatic surgery have been achieved. Nevertheless, the rate of pancreatic fistula following pancreatic tail resection does not differ between various techniques, still reaching up to 30% in prospective multicentric studies. Taking into account contradictory results concerning the usefulness of covering resection margins after distal pancreatectomy, we sought to perform a systematic, retrospective analysis of patients that underwent distal pancreatectomy at our center. | To achieve R0 resection, pancreaticoduodenectomy with right-side half dissection of the superior mesenteric artery nerve plexus is performed for pancreatic cancer with extrapancreatic nerve plexus invasion in many facilities. However, this cancer mainly spreads behind the superior mesenteric artery. |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.Is there a role for leukocyte and CRP measurements in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in the elderly? | The diagnosis of acute appendicitis is still difficult and the results are unsatisfactory in three particular patient groups: in children, in fertile-age women and in elderly patients. As our population ages, the challenge for expedient diagnosis and intervention in older age groups will become more and more significant. The present study aimed at clarifying the role of leukocyte count and C-reactive protein (CRP) measurements in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in the elderly. In particular, are there patients with acute appendicitis but unelevated leukocyte count and CRP? | Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory disorder that develops a complex cascade of immunological events. The local and systemic immune status and inflammatory response might contribute to the understanding of underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and potential treatment. |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.Quaternary cytoreductive surgery in ovarian cancer: does surgical effort still matter? | To evaluate surgical outcome and survival benefit after quaternary cytoreduction (QC) in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) relapse. | Does vasectomy impact microRNA (miRNA) expression in the epididymis and seminal microvesicles (SMVs) in a non-reversible manner? |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.Biliary atresia: should all patients undergo a portoenterostomy? | The management of noncorrectable extra hepatic biliary atresia includes portoenterostomy, although the results of the surgery are variable. This study was done to develop criteria that could successfully predict the outcome of surgery based on preoperative data, including percutaneous liver biopsy, allowing a more selective approach to the care of these babies. | Consenting patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery for nonovarian disease. |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.Is renal warm ischemia over 30 minutes during laparoscopic partial nephrectomy possible? | To evaluate renal damage and impairment of renal function 1 yr after laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) with warm ischemia>30 min. | Groups of rats underwent bilateral renal warm ischaemia (for 15-60 min) followed by reperfusion (20 or 80 min) before unilateral nephrectomy for measurement of renal nitric oxide (as nitroxides) and oxidative damage. Renal function was measured on days 2 and 7 before killing and nephrectomy. A further group received the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N(G)-nitro L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 50 mg per kg body-weight) before induction of warm ischaemia. |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.Elephant trunk in a small-calibre true lumen for chronic aortic dissection: cause of haemolytic anaemia? | The elephant trunk technique for aortic dissection is useful for reducing false lumen pressure; however, a folded vascular prosthesis inside the aorta can cause haemolysis. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether an elephant trunk in a small-calibre lumen can cause haemolysis. | To determine whether angioembolization (AE) in hemodynamically stable adult patients with blunt splenic trauma (BST) at high risk for failure of nonoperative management (NOM) (contrast blush [CB] on computed tomography, high-grade IV-V injuries, or decreasing hemoglobin) results in lower failure rates than reported. |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.Do mutations causing low HDL-C promote increased carotid intima-media thickness? | Although observational data support an inverse relationship between high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and coronary heart disease (CHD), genetic HDL deficiency states often do not correlate with premature CHD. | The proteome of macrophage exposed to oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was studied in a sample of 12 subjects with autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia and analyzed according to carotid atherosclerosis. Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), genotyping of the polymorphisms responsible for the amino acid change present in the identified proteins, and an association study was performed in a sample of 320 subjects with autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia and 145 normolipemic controls. |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.Is pain a clinically relevant problem in general adult psychiatry? | To study the prevalence of pain and risk factors for pain in psychiatric patients in a psychiatric hospital. | Inadequate knowledge is one barrier to effective cancer pain management. |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.Can clinical supervision sustain our workforce in the current healthcare landscape? | Clinical supervision is widely recognised as a mechanism for providing professional support, professional development and clinical governance for healthcare workers. There have been limited studies about the effectiveness of clinical supervision for allied health and minimal studies conducted within the Australian health context. The aim of the present study was to identify whether clinical supervision was perceived to be effective by allied health professionals and to identify components that contributed to effectiveness. Participants completed an anonymous online questionnaire, administered through the health service's intranet. | Prospective, hospital-based study. |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.Does the enteral feeding advancement affect short-term outcomes in very low birth weight infants? | Controversy exists regarding the optimal enteral feeding regimen of very low birth weight infants (VLBW). Rapid advancement of enteral feeding has been associated with an increased rate of necrotizing enterocolitis. In contrast, delaying enteral feeding may have unfavorable effects on nutrition, growth, and neurodevelopment. The aim is to compare the short-term outcomes of VLBW infants in tertiary care centers according to their enteral feeding advancement. | Studies of growth and neurodevelopmental impairment in extremely low birth weight infants often exclude infants with major congenital anomalies; thus, there are few outcome data available on these infants. |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.High cumulative insulin exposure: a risk factor of atherosclerosis in type 1 diabetes? | Since insulin therapy might have an atherogenic effect, we studied the relationship between cumulative insulin dose and atherosclerosis in type 1 diabetes. We have focused on patients with type 1 diabetes instead of type 2 diabetes to minimise the effect of insulin resistance as a potential confounder. | To determine the effects of omitting meal time insulin on arterial stiffness in children with type 1 diabetes. |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.Does automatic transmission improve driving behavior in older drivers? | Most older drivers continue to drive as they age. To maintain safe and independent transport, mobility is important for all individuals, but especially for older drivers. | Good seat belt fit and positioning is important for crash protection. Older drivers experience problems in achieving good seat belt fit and often reposition seat belts and/or use seat cushions. Comfort influences these behaviours. This work examines the impact of functional morbidities on belt positioning and accessory use and whether comfort mediates this relationship METHODS: Mediation analysis was used to examine the relationship between morbidities affecting physical function, comfort, belt repositions and seat cushion use among 380 drivers aged 75 years and older. |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.Are there mental health differences between francophone and non-francophone populations in manitoba? | Francophones may experience poorer health due to social status, cultural differences in lifestyle and attitudes, and language barriers to health care. Our study sought to compare mental health indicators between Francophones and non-Francophones living in the province of Manitoba. | To examine substance use and mental health disparities among SMGs and to determine whether disparities were larger for African American compared with European American girls. |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.Transgastric endoscopic splenectomy: is it possible? | We have previously reported the feasibility of diagnostic and therapeutic peritoneoscopy including liver biopsy, gastrojejunostomy, and tubal ligation by an oral transgastric approach. We present results of per-oral transgastric splenectomy in a porcine model. The goal of this study was to determine the technical feasibility of per-oral transgastric splenectomy using a flexible endoscope. | Oesophagectomy with extended lymphadenectomy carries considerable morbidity due to parietal trauma. It is also technically extremely demanding because the difficult access even through a large thoracotomy requires the use of long instruments to reach the deepest recess in the chest cavity. Since the first thoracoscopic oesophagectomy reported by Cuschieri et al. [1] in 1992, different minimally invasive approaches have been proposed [2-12]. The aim of this video is to show the accurate and relative ease of an entirely thoracoscopic and laparoscopic oesophagectomy with an extended lymph node dissection of mediastinum in prone position (thoracoscopically) and celiac trunk (laparoscopically). |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.Comparative safety of infliximab and etanercept on the risk of serious infections: does the association vary by patient characteristics? | Infliximab, a chimeric monoclonal anti-TNFα antibody, has been found to increase the risk of serious infections compared with the TNF receptor fusion protein etanercept in some studies. It is unclear whether the risk varies by patient characteristics. We conducted a study to address this question. | Treatment with etanercept resulted in increased TNFα levels (log TNFα 0.602 vs. 1.17, P < 0.05) but no change in sFas levels (log sFas 3.17 vs. 3.11, P = 0.37). As expected, treatment resulted in significant reduction in both disease activity and levels of inflammatory markers. |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.Do prerecorded lecture VODcasts affect lecture attendance of first-yearpre-clinical Graduate Entry to Medicine students? | There is increasing concern amongst educators that the provision of recorded lectures may reduce student attendance of live lectures. We therefore sought to determine if the provision of prerecorded lecture video podcasts (VODcasts) to first-year Graduate Entry to Medicine (GEM) students, affected attendance at 21 Physiology lectures within three separate pre-clinical modules. | To assess the effects of a basic educational program for cardiovascular prevention in an unselected outpatient population. |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.Is digoxin use for cardiovascular disease associated with risk of prostate cancer? | Digoxin is a commonly used medication for heart failure and cardiac arrhythmias that has recently been suggested as a novel chemotherapeutic agent. Preclinical studies of prostate cancer (PCa) have shown anti-tumor activity with digoxin. We explore the relationship between use of digoxin and PCa risk. | Adiponectin has anti-atherogenic properties and low circulating adiponectin has been linked to coronary atherosclerosis. Yet, there is considerable evidence that the high-molecular weight (HMW) complex of adiponectin is the major active form of this adipokine. We therefore investigated whether HMW adiponectin is associated with the extent of coronary artery disease (CAD) in men. |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.Are the GFRUP's recommendations for withholding or withdrawing treatments in critically ill children applicable? | To evaluate feasibility of the guidelines of the Groupe Francophone de Réanimation et Urgence Pédiatriques (French-speaking group of paediatric intensive and emergency care; GFRUP) for limitation of treatments in the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU). | Do strengthening interventions increase strength without increasing spasticity and improve activity, and is there any carryover after cessation in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy? |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.Is the atopy patch test with house dust mites specific for atopic dermatitis? | The atopy patch test (APT), namely the patch test with aeroallergens, is regarded as specific for patients with atopic dermatitis (AD), but small numbers of positive APT were reported in the past also in atopic subjects without dermatitis and in healthy persons. | House Dust Mite (HDM) was used as an allergen for in vitro and in vivo challenge of primary human and murine airway epithelial cells. ER stress transducers were modulated using specific small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) in vivo. Inflammation, airway remodeling, and hyperresponsiveness were measured by total bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cell counts, determination of collagen, and methacholine responsiveness in mice, respectively. |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.Is diffusion-weighted imaging a significant indicator of the development of vascularization in hypovascular hepatocellular lesions? | The objective was to evaluate the efficacy of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in predicting the development of vascularization in hypovascular hepatocellular lesions (HHLs). | The increased scope of renal transplant indications has lead to a larger number of recipients with vascular problems due to arterial calcifications in the iliac region. Compared to magnetic resonance and conventional arteriography, helical computed tomography angiography (HCTA) accurately depicts arterial diseases, including the location and extent of arterial calcification. The objective of this study was to assess the value of HCTA with maximum-intensity-projection (MIP) reconstruction to evaluate iliac arterial calcifications and stenosis among candidates for renal transplantation. |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.Does occupational nuclear power plant radiation affect conception and pregnancy? | To determine the effect of occupational exposure in a nuclear power plant in Griefswald, Germany on male and female fecundity. | In general, burn pit exposure at various times in relation to pregnancy and for differing durations was not consistently associated with an increase in birth defects or preterm birth in infants of active-duty military personnel. |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.Is year of radical prostatectomy a predictor of outcome in prostate cancer? | We examined whether the year in which radical prostatectomy (RP) was performed is a predictor of treatment outcome after controlling for standard prognostic factors. | To externally review a nomogram developed to predict the 10-year survival probability of men selected for radical prostatectomy. |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.Cardiovascular risk in a rural adult West African population: is resting heart rate also relevant? | Elevated resting heart rate (RHR) is a neglected marker in cardiovascular risk factor studies of sub-Saharan African populations. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of elevated RHR and other risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and to investigate any associations between RHR and these risk factors in a rural population in Ghana. | There is no information on stroke incidence in rural areas of Latin America, where living conditions and cardiovascular risk factors are different from urban centers. |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.Can serum be used for analyzing the EGFR mutation status in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer? | Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations as prognostic or predictive marker in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have been used widely. However, it may be difficult to get tumor tissue for analyzing the status of EGFR mutation status in large proportion of patients with advanced disease. | It has been reported that the R497K polymorphism of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene has attenuated functions in ligand binding, tyrosine kinase activation, and growth stimulation. On other hand, EGFR gene mutations at kinase domain in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have been examined for their ability to predict sensitivity to gefitinib or erlotinib. |
Given a biomedical question, retrieve information that answers the question.Diagnostic characteristics of child bipolar I disorder: does the "Treatment of Early Age Mania (team)" sample generalize? | To examine the representativeness of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) sample versus one obtained by consecutive new case ascertainment, for subjects with child bipolar I disorder. | We measured cortical thickness, cortical surface area, subcortical volumes, and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in healthy controls (HC) (n = 24), patients diagnosed with SCZ (n = 24), patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder (BP) (n = 19), and members of the original Scottish family (n = 30) who were either carriers (T+) or noncarriers (T-) of the DISC1 translocation. Binary classification models were developed to assess the differences and similarities across groups. |
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