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You can’t beat the thrill of a grip-the-edge-of-your-seat road race scene, and the third movie in the Cannonball Run series, The Gumball Rally, had some pretty sweet European autos vying for position. Although the 1976 film received lackluster reviews from movie critics and was dubbed a “forgettable movie”, the European cars it featured were anything but forgettable.
Whether you’ve seen The Gumball Rally and it’s been a while, or you’ve never heard of it, put it on your to-watch list for the next time you’re in the mood for a movie. The Gumball Rally is about a motley group of auto enthusiasts who partake in a secret and illegal coast-to-coast road race across America. Prompted by a phone call from their mysterious leader and race coordinator, a bored but wealthy candymaker played by Michael Sarrazin, the race teams leap into action at his mention of the code word “gumball.” The race has one rule, “there are no rules.” The plot is wrought with unfortunately funny mishaps as the characters dodge the cops and engage innocent bystanders, deal with the crazy antics of their teammates, and maneuver through carefully coordinated stunts and chase scenes as they attempt to reach the finish line. It’s precisely these chase scenes that put The Gumball Rally on the map, pun intended.
One of the chase scenes features an early 1970’s Ferrari Daytona Spider. Actually, it features two; the first, a 1972 (SN16467), the 71st of only 121 factory-built Daytona Spiders, which crashed during filming, was rebuilt, and went on to be used in the movie A Star is Born where it was heavily crashed again and later rebodied in a new style, a “NART Spyder”; and the second, a 1971 (SN14829), which replaced the first Daytona Spider and is still alive and well today. It was recently sold at auction in 2013.
Once owned by Mel Blanc, the Man of a Thousand Voices (including the voice of Bugs Bunny), and his son Noel Blanc, the 1971 (SN14829) Ferrari Daytona Spider’s last known whereabouts are that it was purchased for $1.65 million by an unknown buyer at the August 16-17, 2013 RM Auctions in Monterey, CA. And if you remember the movie - yes, the rear view mirror has been replaced.
No car on earth handles better than a modern F1 car. In fact, we have all pretended at one time or another to be a fearless race car driver, hurtling into and out of sharp hairpin turns with elegance and precision. Unfortunately most of us realize the limitations of our vehicle and only half-heartedly perform this day-dream.
However, you can be one step closer to realizing this fantasy with performance-minded solutions from Star Class Motors. It some cases, suspension components have simply worn out with use & mileage. Or, you might simply want to upgrade beyond the OEM setup. In either case, we can help you sort through the options for your Mercedes-Benz or other European car or SUV.
Upgraded suspension systems not only transform the stance of the vehicle, but also help maintain ride quality and improve upon handling. This is accomplished by pairing springs sets with bump stops, spring perches or both to maintain suspension travel resulting in a smooth ride while also improving mechanical grip and handling.
Specifically if you drive a BMW, Dinan high performance spring sets and supplemental ride quality and handling kits will provide unprecedented handling & cornering ability in addition to lowering the vehicle into a much more aggressive stance. Serious enthusiasts turn to Dinan because they appreciate their ability to make BMW performance upgrades which outperform the rest. Star Class Motors is an authorized Dinan Dealer / Installer.
Regardless of which European car your drive, we have the experience to help keep it on the road in the safest, most comfortable (and quickest) manner. Please contact us today to discuss your options.
Improved Handling. CHECK. Incredible New Stance. CHECK.
We have all pretended at one time or another to be a fearless race car driver, hurtling into and out of sharp hairpin turns with elegance and precision. Unfortunately most of us realize the limitations of our vehicle and only half-heartedly perform the day-dream. However, you can be one step closer to realizing this fantasy with a performance minded solution. The Dinan high performance spring set and supplemental ride quality and handling kit for the F85 X5M or F86 X6M provides unprecedented handling / cornering ability in addition to lowering the vehicle into a much more aggressive stance.
Star Class Motors is proud to offer Dinan performance solutions. At Dinan their passion for both BMWs and BMW parts is evident in their dedication to designing and producing the most innovative and performance driven BMW aftermarket parts on the market. Serious enthusiasts turn to Dinan because they appreciate their ability to make BMW performance upgrades that outperform the rest of the BMW aftermarket industry.
Dinan’s Performance Spring set for the F85 X5M and F86 X6M provides greater control over body roll by virtue of carefully calibrated spring rates. Additionally, Dinan lowers the vehicle by a 5/8” in front and 3/4” in the rear for improved suspension geometry and an even more aggressive stance. The Dinan springs are CNC wound with high tensile chrome silicon wire and shot peened for stress relief to last the life of the car. The 10% increase in stiffness to the springs will reduce the rear suspension compression under acceleration and front suspension compression (or dive) under braking, giving your car a more controlled feel. The Dinan performance springs will also provide a noticeable improvement in grip, for high speed driving situations that will inspire confidence in your car’s capabilities. The reduced body roll makes the steering more responsive to driver input.
NOTE: Dinan Performance Spring sets should be purchased and installed with the corresponding Ride Quality and Handling Kit to achieve the advertised ride height, performance, and ride quality. While not explicitly required, if the matching component is not purchased and installed you will get less than favorable results in the form of poor ride quality and improper handling traits. While we will maintain a full warranty on product defects, any claims against the car’s improper handling/ride quality traits due to not purchasing the corresponding handling kit will not be warranted.
The desire/need for a track inspired monster for everyday street use has never been so real... at Star Class Motors we aim to please... With the upcoming release of the new Dinan Big Turbos for the F3x N20 and N55 engines the stage 4 DINANTRONICS Performance Tuner is now becoming available for applicable models. This stage of tune is specifically designed to optimize the top end power that comes inherently with an upgraded turbo. While in stock, and lightly tuned, configurations the engine tends to fall off rather dramatically after 5000-5500 RPM with the big turbo installed the the cars continue to make additional power all the way to red-line. This results in some very impressive maximum gains of up to 152 HP and 123 lb-ft of torque in certain instances.
The DINANTRONICS Performance Tuner is a highly engineered and sophisticated piece of computer hardware and software that enhances engine performance, without negating or voiding your new car warranty coverage and without affecting long term reliability or the functionality of on-board diagnostic systems. It is also the only tuning device emissions legal in all fifty states. The ultimate objective of developing this piece of technology was to provide the ability to control every signal entering and exiting the BMW factory Engine Control Unit. These items are unique to Dinan and together they embody the apex of performance engineering in a powerful, reliable, and warrantied package.
We'd like all of our loyal customers to know about our newest service – secure, climate-controlled storage. Star Class will wash and vacuum your vehicle before moving it into storage. We will also keep the battery tendered and the tires aired up. Whenever you need your vehicle, simply give us 24 hours notice – we’ll wash and have the car ready for pick up or delivery. All for the cost of only $200 monthly. Space is limited so reserve your space today!
It’s official – winter’s here in Nebraska.
After the recent snow, we can’t deny it. Although snow may look pretty, it’s not the most fun to drive in. Star Class Motors can help to make driving your luxury vehicle in the Omaha area this winter a little safer, and maybe even enjoyable.
#1. Invest in Snow Tires NOW!
The biggest recommendation we have for enhancing your winter driving experience is to invest in a set of snow tires. Snow tires, also called winter tires, definitely live up to their name – most snow tires claim to cut the distance it takes to stop in snow down to half the distance. This is because they’ve been specifically designed with a softer compound of rubber making them “stickier,” which is good for grabbing cold surfaces. They also have more traction than all-season tires because they have more tread depth. The best part: there isn’t much of a cost difference; they cost about the same as a quality set of all-season tires and they don’t really affect your luxury vehicle’s MPG either. You don’t want to leave them on all year, though; the rubber is much too soft for warm Nebraska summers. Star Class Motors has a tire rotation program in place where we’ll not only switch out your vehicle’s tires, but offer first-come first-serve storage space for the off-season tires when you’re not using them. Our preferred brands of snow tires are the Bridgestone Blizzak, and the Michelin X-Ice, which are the highest rated on the market.
On another note: let’s talk about All Wheel Drive (AWD). There seems to be a bit of confusion on the best use for it, so let us offer some clarity. AWD can be found in many luxury vehicles and can be a great tool when you’re trying to get going on a slick surface or make it through a few inches of snow. The downfall is that it won’t improve your vehicle’s steering or braking. In fact, it can still take a good distance to stop in slick conditions, especially with all-season tires. That’s why, if you ask any of the Star Class Motor techs, they’ll recommend snow tires over AWD any day! And, having both would be even better.
In addition, two of the most important details to have up to par are your wiper blades and washer fluid. If you can’t see or have a way to clear your window, you should not be driving! Too often, these details are overlooked until you’re already on the road. In very cold or inclement weather, you should always check your wipers and washer fluid before you hit the road. Check them while you’re still in the driveway or parking space. Don’t just check to make sure they work, though. You should also look for signs of wear like subtle cracking. This could mean that your wipers are getting dried out and won’t work as well as new ones. If you need to replace your wiper blades, Star Class Motors usually recommends Bosch or Trico, but most brands will get the job done. It’s a small expense to change them out, especially if you do it yourself, but the benefits are worth it. Windshield wiper fluid is also important, but beware–don’t necessarily buy the least expensive one on display. Some washer fluids won’t help in colder temperatures and, if you read the fine print, say “Summer Formula.” Look for one that gives a temperature range; Star Class Motors recommends a 30-degree-below formula. Face it, there are few things worse while driving than getting caught in the rain or snow, or having some other vehicle splash your windshield, and not being able to clear it completely.
Antifreeze, also known as coolant, is also crucial. It serves three purposes: helps the water stay in liquid form as opposed to boiling over or freezing, lubricates your water pump, and cools down and dissipates the heat made by the engine (where the term “coolant” comes from). Antifreeze is a mixture of propylene glycol and water, and it must remain within a certain ratio to work well. If there is too much water in the tank compared to the amount of propylene glycol, the tank could freeze in cold weather and cause major problems for your engine. Excess water can occur if you’ve recently had a leak fixed or came from a warmer climate, so, checking this is very important. There’s a special tool most shops have, including Star Class Motors, which can measure the amount of water in the coolant system. Keeping your levels up is another area you can DIY. Most stores will sell either premixed, or, if you’re up to it, full strength antifreeze which you can mix with water yourself. Star Class Motors uses Peak Antifreeze because it mixes well with any other type of antifreeze that might already be in your tank.
Another great service Star Class Motors offers, and most don’t think about when it’s cold, is a thorough car wash, including the underbody. In most of the Midwest, the road crews use salt and other road compounds to keep the roads from becoming slick and helping to melt anything frozen. These are great for the roads but not for your luxury vehicle. If not taken care of, it can cause rust. Star Class Motors recommends a weekly car wash, including the underbody, to help maintain your vehicle’s exterior.
The final point we’d like to make is one that always seems to be questioned: Is warming up your vehicle important in the winter? The short answer: YES. Warming up your car not only makes it comfortable for you, but helps your car bring the fluids to top running temps; the oil flows better, fittings and plastics will wear more easily, and your car will drive better overall. Just like an athlete wouldn’t compete without warming up, neither should your luxury vehicle. This is especially crucial for BMWs with a crank shaft – driving without warming up first can cause huge problems otherwise.
Star Class Motors wishes you safe travels this holiday season across Nebraska and the Midwest this winter!
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Every Dinan® product comes with industry exclusive factory matching new car bumper to bumper warranty and is designed and tested in Morgan Hill, California and can be purchased and installed at Star Class Motors, an authorized Dinan Performance Center. | 2019-04-23T10:50:27Z | https://www.starclassmotors.com/blog?category=Uncategorized |
In January 1931, a special federal census discovered 99,233 Clevelanders out of work and another 25,400 with jobs but laid off without pay or working only part-time; half of the city’s population was affected. The Cleveland Plain Dealer described this as “the peak of the depression.” Wishful thinking – because things got worse. As the numbers of the jobless continued to rise, local government and private charities, the historic caretakers of the city’s poor, were overwhelmed, unable to provide food, clothes, or shelter for those in desperate need. Angry, frightened citizens took to the streets, challenging the police, elected officials, and employers. In these worst of times, the federal government assumed new responsibilities: building highways, homes, schools, bridges, and parks to put Clevelanders to work and changing public policy toward those in need.
Since the seventeenth century local governments had taken care their resident poor. (Non-resident poor were “warned out” of the city.) Private charities, almost always faith-based, played a secondary role, helping only their co-religionists. The city of Cleveland sheltered the absolutely destitute in the public poorhouse, the first founded in 1827, on the future site of Erie Street Cemetery. In 1855, the city opened a larger facility on Scranton Avenue, the Cleveland Infirmary, so-called because many of its inmates were incapacitated by illness. The Infirmary housed not only the ill, but the insane and the criminal, the elderly and the orphaned, as well as men, women, and children – often recent immigrants – who were just down on their luck. Inside the Infirmary the able-bodied were supposed to work to earn their keep. The regimen was rigid, and the amenities were none. No one was encouraged to stay long at public expense. During the first decades of the twentieth century, the various dependent groups were separated: criminals were placed in the workhouse, the elderly in a facility in Warrensville Township, parentless children in orphanages, and the ill in Cleveland City Hospital, the foundation of today’s MetroHealth System. The city provided the poor who had shelter with outdoor, or direct, relief; this meant grocery orders for approved food, sometimes shoes or clothing – but never cash – distributed at the backdoor of the Infirmary. In 1922, on the grounds that it was strapped for funds, Cleveland turned over its responsibility for outdoor relief to a private agency, Associated Charities (AC).
After a brief economic downturn in 1920-21, most Clevelanders prospered. The city, the sixth largest in the country, remained a center for the manufacture of steel and iron, automobiles and automotive parts, chemicals, and textiles. Downtown remained the center of the region’s financial and commercial life. The Public Auditorium, the Public Library, and the Board of Education building, all designed in the grand Beaux Art style, completed the city’s Group Plan, evidence of the city’s soaring ambitions at the beginning of the century.
Celebrating those ambitions and that prosperity, the Republican Party held its 1924 presidential nominating convention here. The nominee, Calvin Coolidge, believed that the business of America was business; most Clevelanders would have agreed.
Among Cleveland’s successful businessmen were the visionary Van Sweringen brothers, real estate entrepreneurs who created a railroad empire en route to creating a suburban utopia. Capitalizing on the desire of Cleveland’s upper-middle class to escape the city’s congested neighborhoods and smoke-filled air, M.J. and O.P. Van Sweringen in 1906 purchased from a Buffalo real estate syndicate land that had once belonged to a community of Shakers – the Shakers called it “the Valley of God’s Pleasure” – and turned it into a planned community of architect-designed homes, clubs, commercial districts, public and private schools, and parks along curving roadways. The Van Sweringens realized that crucial to Shaker Heights’ success was public transportation to downtown Cleveland, and to gain the right-of-way into the city for their Shaker rapid transit, the brothers in 1916 bought the Nickel Plate railroad, the first of several they later purchased. To serve as a depot for their railroads and the rapid transit, they then built their Cleveland Union Terminal complex, the most magnificent transportation and commercial center anywhere – or so Clevelanders believed.
In 1927, even as the tower of the Union Terminal, symbol of the city’s well-being, was topped off at 708 feet (Terminal Tower would be the second tallest building in the country), the AC staff noticed growing numbers of jobless men and women asking for help. The numbers rose again in 1928 as the demand for the products of Cleveland factories – automobiles and other durable goods – declined. In 1929, well before the October stock market crash and the official beginning of the Depression, AC’s expenses for direct relief had doubled, and the once-affluent agency was running in the red. The Community Fund was able to make up the deficit. A year later, the AC deficit was $600,000, and the Community Fund again covered the deficit with a special fund. The Wayfarers’ Lodge sheltered 26,433 men in that one year. After almost a century of service in a city that had experienced economic crises about once every decade since its founding, the AC staff were old hands at weathering depressions, but they had never faced anything like this.
Then followed frantic, improvised efforts by the public and private sectors to stem the rising tide of unemployment and destitution. The city launched a short-lived public works program, providing three-day shifts in parks and on streets at sixty cents an hour; 17,000 men applied for the few available jobs. The successful applicants wielded shovels and rakes at Edgewater, Gordon, and Brookside Parks; “Earning Wages Again after Idle Months, City Toilers Are Happy Lot,” exclaimed the Cleveland Plain Dealer. Cuyahoga County organized a similar program of work on county roads. There was no work for women or for men who could not do heavy labor. Mrs. Dudley S. Blossom, whose husband was then Cleveland’s Welfare Director, donated $5,000 toward relief; Thistledown Race Track donated one day’s proceeds; Junior League volunteers bottled and distributed donated skim milk; individuals gave canned fruits and vegetables; groups collected used clothing, and some relief clients sewed their own at the AC Sewing Center; children filled Penny Boxes for children less fortunate than themselves. The Red Cross distributed surplus government cotton and wheat. Churches and other private organizations urged members to hire temporary workers in a “Man-A-Block” program. Relief gardens provided work and food for hundreds of families. As the usual pledges from usually generous donors diminished, the Community Fund could not meet its own fund-raising goals by mid-decade.
The difficulties of Cleveland’s banks, once symbols of financial security and wealth, compounded the crisis. Two had closed by 1932, Standard Trust and Midland Bank. After the governor of Michigan declared a bank holiday in his state, a run on Cleveland banks in February 1933, cost Union Trust, the largest bank outside of New York City, and Guardian Trust half their deposits. Cleveland Trust was spared only because its president stood in the bank lobby and promised depositors that the bank was sound. The next day, most Cleveland banks agreed to limit withdrawals to 5 to 10 percent of a customer’s account. At the end of this harrowing week, Franklin D. Roosevelt, who took office on March 3, 1933, ordered all the nation’s banks closed until their financial stability could be assured. Union Trust and Guardian Trust stayed shut. The Community Fund, and thousands of small depositors, had money in both. Two bank officers went to jail.
In an effort to cushion the blow of another devastating depression, Congress in 1935 passed the Social Security Act, providing old age and unemployment insurance programs, overseen and partially funded by the federal government, and federally and state funded direct relief for specific groups such as the disabled and dependent children. Although the long-range implications of this “safety net” were enormous, its immediate impact was minimal.
In any case, Americans much preferred work to direct relief, later labeled “welfare.” Congress, accordingly, established a series of work relief programs, These programs had various and sometimes confusingly similar names: the Civil Works Administration (CWA), a short-lived program initiated in 1933; the Public Works Administration (PWA) initiated in 1933, and the Works Projects Administration, later the Works Progress Administration (WPA) initiated in 1935. Some programs targeted specific groups of unemployed persons, such as the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) for young men, the National Youth Administration (NYA) for young men and women, and the federal theater, music, writers and art projects. Most work relief programs, however, provided unskilled jobs, putting people back to work, putting money in their pockets, and at the same time, creating something of lasting value that would serve the public. Like the Social Security Act, these programs did not take hold immediately.
Clevelanders took out their frustrations on their political leaders, who changed with dizzying speed. The city had instituted the city manager plan of government in 1924, which was supposed to put the administration of the city in the hands of a nonpartisan expert rather than an elected official. William R. Hopkins was appointed the first city manager. Hopkins, a Republican, was a lawyer and a former Cleveland City Council member. ( Cleveland Hopkins International Airport was named in his honor in 1951.) In 1930, however, City Council removed Hopkins from office, replacing him with Daniel Morgan, also a Republican and a former Council member. In 1931, voters ditched the city manager plan altogether and again elected a mayor as chief administrator. In 1932, Democrat Ray T. Miller won the election; the enormous difficulties of the Depression ensured that he would serve only one term. Miller was succeeded by Republican Harry L. Davis. Davis had been Cleveland’s mayor from 1916 to 1920 and had served one term as Ohio governor, 1920-1922. Like Miller, he had only one term as mayor, 1933-35. Political stability returned only with the election of Republican Harold H. Burton. Burton served three terms, giving Cleveland “the kind of honest, efficient government it hadn’t seen since the days of Tom L. Johnson and Newton D. Baker.” Burton, later elected to the U.S. Senate and then named to the U.S. Supreme Court, maintained order in this tumultuous time.
Much of the political tumult was created by the Council of the Unemployed. Like AC, the council had noted the growing number of jobless as early as 1927. The council’s leaders were Sadie Van Veen and her husband Israel Amter, a founding member of the Communist Party, USA. The council’s leaders were Communists; its followers probably were drawn mostly from unemployed men and women who energetically participated in the council’s marches and political demonstrations that demanded jobs and an end to poverty. Seven members were arrested, but immediately released, after a November 1927 demonstration at City Hall protesting the arrest and detention of one of their leaders. In January, 1928, the council set up a “soup kitchen” for the unemployed on Public Square, serving up gallons of “mulligan” stew to call attention to hunger, and in December, in a parody of the Christmas tree traditionally set up on Public Square by AC, the council set up its own tree, decorated with ragged clothes. In February 1930, in a “Red Job Riot,” police fought 1,000 protesters on the steps of City Hall as they sought entrance to City Council chambers; 25 people were hurt; five demonstrators were taken to the hospital; nine went to jail. Ten thousand protesters returned to City Hall in March, part of a Communist Party-sponsored International Unemployment Day, and presented City Council with a long set of demands that included recognition of the Soviet Union. Rebuffed, the leaders left, but many of the protesters stayed, becoming an unruly mob that shut down rush hour traffic and pulled streetcars off their tracks until mounted police got the crowd under control. The council also staged protests at AC offices and the Wayfarers’ Lodge, claiming that direct relief was too stingy and the lodge was squalid and unlivable. Initially, city officials were tolerant of the protests; the council received a permit to stage a May Day march in May 1933. In July 1934, however, as the council staged simultaneous protests at three CCRA offices, one council member seized a policeman’s gun, fired it wildly, killed a fellow protester, and in turn was shot by another policeman. Three others were wounded; eight went to jail. The council then denounced the police. By then the city’s patience and tolerance had worn thin. Subsequently, the council kept a low public profile.
In April, 1934, however, 3,500 Communists gathered in Cleveland for the party’s national convention. They damned the New Deal, called for the overthrow of capitalism, and more pragmatically made plans to join the American Federation of Labor (AFL) and the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) in their drive to organize unions. The formation of unions was encouraged by the passage of the National Industrial Recovery Act in 1933 and the National Labor Relations Act in 1935, both of which protected collective bargaining. The AFL and the CIO, working together until their separation in 1937, threw themselves into the organizing fight in Cleveland. They were joined by the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), a group on the far left of the labor movement.
The result was a series of strikes against big and small employers that heightened the general unrest. Cleveland was no stranger to strikes. A few famous examples: in 1877, a local strike against Standard Oil and the national railroad strike; two strikes against the Cleveland Rolling Mills in 1882 and 1885; a streetcar strike in 1899; a three-month long strike in the garment industry in 1911; a streetcar conductors’ strike in 1918-1919. Most strikes were about wages and/or working conditions. All failed. The Depression era strikes were different, mostly because unions and collective bargaining had received the approval of the federal government. The issues were wages and union recognition. Most strikes were brief; most ended in partial victory.
The strikes that made the biggest headlines, however, were against Cleveland’s biggest industries, automobiles and steel. The Fisher Body Division of General Motors in Cleveland recognized the United Automobile Workers (UAW) as their workers’ bargaining representative in 1934. On December 28, 1936, however, Cleveland workers staged a spontaneous sit-down in the Fisher Body Coit Road plant while sympathetic pickets walked the sidewalks outside. The issue was the recognition of the UAW by General Motors management in Detroit. According to the Cleveland Plain Dealer, “the strikers were having a good time, like college boys on a good lark.” The Cleveland strike inspired a more famous sitdown strike at Flint, Michigan, which ended without violence in February 1937 when General Motors recognized the UAW as the bargaining agent for its workers. This was an important victory for the UAW even though the sitdown strike was later declared illegal.
The Little Steel Strike, initiated May 26, 1937, created more drama. The strike pitted three independent steel companies – Inland Steel, Youngstown Sheet and Tube, and Republic Steel’s McKinney-Corrigan Company in Cleveland – against the Steel Workers Organizing Committee, a CIO affiliate. Both Governor Martin Davey and Mayor Burton tried to mediate; neither the union or management would budge. Republic kept its plant open by hiring strikebreakers. The National Guard kept peace for ten days, but when guardsmen left, violence broke out between strikers and workers: “… 60 persons were injured, shots were fired, tear gas bombs were thrown and more than 100 automobiles were damaged in wild fighting.” CIO headquarters were destroyed; one striker was killed by an automobile. Police kept the angry crowd of 3,000 away from the plant, and the strike was lost. These steel companies did not recognize the union until compelled to do so by the National Labor Relations Board in 1942.
Unwelcome in the AFL and CIO affiliates, Cleveland’s black workers launched their own efforts to fight the Depression. In 1935, a handful of blacks, led by John O. Holly, organized the Future Outlook League (FOL). Its purpose was to compel or persuade the white owners of businesses in the predominantly black Central neighborhood with very high unemployment to hire black workers. The 3,000 white-owned stores in Central employed fewer than 100 blacks. The FOL used picketing and boycotts; its message to the black community was “Don’t Spend Your Money Where You Can’t Work.” Boycotts were an historic way of applying political pressure – for example, the Boston Tea Party – and had been used by blacks in other communities. The FOL leadership was also familiar with the local Communist leadership and the street theatre tactics used by the Council of the Unemployed. The FOL did not endorse violence, but fearful white business owners got injunctions against picketers. From 1936 to 1938, the picketers became more confrontational, and in April 1938, police used teargas on 2,500 picketers outside the Woodland Market. The league claimed some successes, including the Woodland Market, which did then hire black employees. Holly went to jail for ten days in 1941 for illegal picketing but after his release was appointed to the Cleveland Fair Rent Committee.
The eviction of thousands of Clevelanders, both home-owners and renters, also sparked sporadic protests and violence. There were 9,300 evictions in 1931, up 100 percent from the year before; in 1934, the number had risen to almost 13,000. In October 1931, a crowd inspired by a Communist rally, marched to a house on E. 46th St. in the Central neighborhood from which a family had been evicted and attacked the police. “2 SLAIN, 3 SHOT WHEN 300 RIOT,” shouted front page headlines; the two dead and two of the wounded were civilians. Thirteen persons, including one Communist organizer, were taken into custody. After a funeral procession through the neighborhood, the dead men, now martyrs for the Communist cause, were buried in Harvard Cemetery as a crowd of 3,000 raised their fists and sang “The Internationale.” Many at the graveside took this pledge: “I pledge to carry on the struggle for our comrades who have died and to join the ranks of the revolutionary class; to protest the murders by the boss government through its police tools; to demand punishment for the murderers and to demand that there be no more evictions.” In February 1932, six squads of police battled a crowd of 300 trying to hold on to the possessions of an evicted family on E. 139th St.; in October, four men were arrested when a crowd repeatedly attempted to restore the furniture to the duplex on Lakeside Avenue from which two families had been evicted. In July 1933, police used teargas, clubs, and fire hoses to control a mob of 6,000 protesting the eviction of a home owner on Lardet Avenue; 14 people were hurt; seven went to jail. The frequent evictions even created an “eviction star,” 36-year-old Fannie Gibson, who went on a hunger strike while she was in jail for camping out in front of the house from which she had been evicted.
Most of the thousands of evictions were peaceful. But the sight of a family and its possessions camped on the sidewalk was heart-wrenching, and the court costs of evictions were high. The CCRA soon helped renters facing eviction with a check made out to the landlord, and by 1938, landlords got tax credit from the city for not evicting tenants. The number of evictions gradually tailed off.
More quietly, thousands of Clevelanders lost their homes to foreclosure. These losses didn’t make headlines, but appeared in hundreds of classified ads like these: “Foreclosure price sale; greatest sacrifice ever known; choice location opposite East Boulevard; $4600… Owner paid $10,000 two years ago,” or “On account of foreclosure on a high class apartment, owner of the furnishings was forced out without notice” and offered at public auction, 50 rooms of furniture. In April 1935, there were 6,100 foreclosure suits pending in the county. Congress established the Home Owner Loan Corporation in 1933 that provided loans to qualified homeowners to avert foreclosure.
The Van Sweringen brothers, creators of Cleveland’s Union Terminal complex, lost their empire. Shaker Heights had been an instant success: from 1919 to 1929, its population grew from 1,700 to 15,500. But several of the nine railroads that the brothers had acquired went bankrupt. The brothers’ spectacular financial edifice was built on credit based on stock market values. The market crash forced them to default on a $48 million loan from J.P. Morgan and Co. in 1935. Although they raised $3 million to buy back their holdings, both brothers died shortly afterwards. Some of Cleveland’s loftiest aspirations died with them – at least temporarily.
By then, however, New Deal work relief programs had begun to take hold, putting thousands of Clevelanders to work building new infrastructure and renovating old. Ten thousand WPA workers built the Memorial Shoreway, razing existing buildings (including the shanty towns), expanding the lakefront with landfill, and paving the new surface. When the highway was completed in 1938, it was “the largest WPA job in the nation”; in 1939, the WPA completed the Main Avenue Bridge that connects the Memorial Shoreway to the west side, formally named the Harold H. Burton Memorial Bridge. The city’s three markets – West Side, Central, and East Side – got painted and refurbished. The WPA did $4,800,000 worth of repairs to Cleveland public schools.
Cleveland’s public housing projects were initiated by the PWA in 1933. They were the brainchild of Ernest J. Bohn, a state legislator and then a Cleveland City Council member. Unable to gain the support of private investors, Bohn turned to the federal government, and the PWA financed the first three public housing projects in the country, Cedar-Central, Outhwaite, and Lakeview Terrace, completed between 1935 and 1937. All three were justified as slum clearance as well as job-producing. Under the direction of the Cleveland Metropolitan Housing Authority (now the Cuyahoga Metropolitan Housing Authority), the Valleyview, Woodhill, Carver Park housing projects and an expansion of Outhwaite followed. The housing was intended for low-income families, but not families on relief. Whether intentional or not, the projects were also racially segregated and came under attack by the local National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. The WPA staffed the projects’ recreation areas. The buildings were designed in the modern style, sometimes with Art Deco detail.
CCC workers were young men, 18 to 28, who earned $30 a month working in forestry, parks, and soil erosion camps; they were required to send $20 to $25 home to their families. The corps was designed to improve the young men’s health, teach them job skills, and conserve the natural environment. CCC camps were established at Euclid Creek, North Chagrin, and Brecksville Reservations where young men planted trees and built picnic shelters, trails, bridle paths, and retaining walls. Two thousand young men from Cuyahoga County joined the CCC each year during the worst of the Depression. The NYA provided jobs and job training to young women and men, 15 to 25, so that they could continue their educations. Most worked in public and private recreation facilities; others worked in city playgrounds and parks, and some did clerical work.
William M. Milliken, director of the Cleveland Museum of Art, headed the Federal Art Program’s Midwest Region. In December 1933, in just the first week of the PWAP, Milliken hired 72 artists, who created murals for the Cleveland Public Auditorium and the Cleveland Public Library. The library became the most significant repository of the federal art of this period because its director Linda Eastman shared Milliken’s passion for public art. The PWAP was superceded by the Federal Art Project. Cleveland sculptor and ceramicist Edris Eckhardt was named regional supervisor of sculpture for the project, which over its seven years hired 350 artists. Murals and sculpture were commissioned for 19 Cleveland area post offices and for Cleveland and suburban public schools, the Cleveland Botanical Garden, the Cleveland Museum of Natural History, and for Lakeview Terrace, Outhwaite, and Woodhill public housing projects. Artists also created thousands of posters that taught useful lessons about public housing, safety, and nutrition and ceramic figures that told familiar fairy tales or portrayed persons of immigrant countries.
Nationally, the PWAP produced “approximately 700 murals, 7,000 easel paintings and watercolors, 750 sculptures, and 2,500 graphic works of art …. The Federal Art Project …. more than 40,000 easel paintings, 1,100 murals in public buildings, and thousands of prints, posters, and other graphic works …. The Treasury Relief Art Projects…. 89 murals, 65 sculptures, and approximately 10,000 easel paintings.” While much of the federally produced art has vanished, significant local examples remain in the Cleveland Public Library and in public schools, and post offices.
The Federal Theatre Project, which hired actors, playwrights, and other theater people, was the most controversial and short-lived of these projects. Casts were usually large (the idea was to create jobs), and project employees were paid between $93 to $103 a month. Project directors, Frederic McConnell and K. Elmo Lowe of the Cleveland Play House, produced a wide range of plays, including revivals of popular melodramas and comedies. In September 1936, the New York Federal Theatre Project brought to Cleveland its version of Shakespeare’s “Macbeth” with a cast of 150 African Americans. Several productions had overt political content. For example, the 1936 production of “Living Newspapers” contained skits on current events and employed 45 local actors, with music by the WPA orchestra. “Unusual but surprisingly good,” decided the Cleveland Plain Dealer theater critic; but he also pointed out the danger of publicly funded art becoming propaganda for the Roosevelt administration. Also political was Sinclair Lewis’s “It Can’t Happen Here,” which warned of the growing threat of totalitarianism; the production was one of 21 that played simultaneously across the country. “Triple A Plowed Under” criticized federal farm policies that required farmers to plow under their crops.
The Theatre Project had a bumpy ride. It was briefly discontinued in December 1936, and Congress finally killed it in June 1939. The project was too radical for some, too conservative for others, and probably too frivolous for people who didn’t think theater and theater people were worth supporting.
The Federal Music Project had an easier time of it, employing hundreds of Clevelanders and entertaining thousands more. Its director from 1935 to 1938 was Nikolai Sokoloff, director of the Cleveland Orchestra from 1919 to 1933. As in the Federal Art Project, the emphasis of this project’s musicians, directors, and composers was supposed to be on American music; some of the project employees also did research on traditional American music and folksong. The project was popular enough to survive into the early years of World War II.
The Cleveland Civic Orchestra was “the most successful” of the groups, thought the Cleveland Plain Dealer. In June, 1936, it presented the works of several Cleveland composers, including Charles V. Rychlik, Ladislaus Gamauf, Clarence Metcalf, and orchestra director Rudolph Schweller. The opera companies presented popular Gilbert and Sullivan works, “The Gondoliers” and “The Mikado,” as well as “La Traviata”, “Carmen”, and “Hansel and Gretel.” In 1936, the operas drew 100,000 music lovers. Tens of thousands listened to the band concerts in the summer of 1938 at Edgewater, Woodland Hills, Brookside, Gordon and Washington Parks.
The Federal Writers’ Project employed writers, researchers, editors, historians and cartographers. Elsewhere, the project produced a notable series of guide books to various states. In Cleveland, its employees produced the Annals of Cleveland, an index and digest of Cleveland newspapers, 1818 to 1876, and a Foreign Language Newspaper Digest that remain useful to historians.
These federal programs exemplified the difficulties of all WPA and work relief programs. They had two goals, sometimes in conflict: to provide jobs with a decent wage and to create something of lasting value to the public. However, public wages were not allowed to compete with private enterprise where wages were already low: the salary of a violinist in the Cleveland Civic Orchestra, for example, could not be higher than the salary of a violinist in the Cleveland Orchestra. This meant that public projects did not pay much. Moreover, funding was not only low but subject to congressional or executive whim or financial exigencies – for example, the 1936 cutbacks in the Theatre Project. For these reasons, although some very well known artists were sustained, the federal programs could not always attract the most skilled workers – the very best violinists, carpenters, or masons – and consequently could not always create the best possible work. The federal arts projects in Cleveland did employ significant numbers of women and African Americans. But in general, their opportunities for work relief remained low at a time when they desperately needed jobs. Women got short-changed because the universal assumption was that men, not women, were the family breadwinners and needed the jobs more; African Americans were less likely than whites to get hired because local prejudices controlled hiring, even in federal projects.
On the other hand, over their lifetimes, the federal work relief programs did hire tens of thousands of Clevelanders: 54,849 in Cuyahoga County in 1938, for example. An estimated 27 percent of all Clevelanders (workers and their families) benefited from the programs. But although they kept the city and its residents afloat during these painful years, they did not end the Depression. The approach of World War II did that.
By 1939, Cleveland’s manufacturing was regaining strength, exceeding 1930 levels as the United States geared up for World War II, providing war materiel first for European nations and then for itself. Cleveland’s long-idle mills and factories went full blast, making planes, munitions, tanks, jeeps, trucks, and putting tens of thousands of long-idle men and women back to work.
Historian William Ganson Rose maintained that Cleveland achieved “greatness” in the 1940s. The Cleveland Electric Illuminating Company declared it “the best location in the nation” in 1944. The city’s population reached its all-time high of 914,808 in 1950.
Some Clevelanders sensed trouble ahead: growing signs of racial tension, overcrowded neighborhoods, congested streets, and the accelerating exodus to the suburbs. But Clevelanders in the 1940s also had much to celebrate: the war had been won in 1945, the city had its 150th birthday in 1946, the Indians beat the Boston Braves to win the World Series in 1948, and last but certainly not least, Cleveland’s industrial economy was booming, and the long, desperate Depression was finally over.
The Depression years were the worst of times for most Americans. But for Clevelanders, there were some bright spots: the completion of Severance Hall despite the financial difficulties of its primary donor John L. Severance; the opening of the Cleveland Stadium in 1931, where five summers later, spectators watched a 17-year-old rookie named Bob Feller make his pitching debut; the Great Lakes Exposition of 1936-37, a spectacle that raised the spirits of millions of visitors who badly needed cheering up; and the exciting sideshows provided by crime-fighter and Cleveland Safety Director Eliot Ness as he fruitlessly pursued the Torso Murderer.
These worst of times changed Cleveland – and the nation – forever. They left a visible legacy in the city’s parks, schools, roads, libraries, post-offices, and other public places: William Sommer’s mural, “The City in 1833” in the Brett Hall Reading Room of Cleveland Public Library; the Memorial Shoreway and the Main Avenue Bridge; Olde Cedar, Outhwaite, and Lakeview Terrace public housing projects; Edris Eckhardt’s ceramic sculptures of Little Red Riding Hood and the Mad Tea Party, and the Walrus and Carpenter from Alice in Wonderland at Oxford School in Cleveland Heights; the handsome stone bridge that connects the Cleveland Heights and the East Cleveland parts of Forest Hill Park; the rustic trails and picnic shelters in the Cleveland MetroParks. These became tangible reminders of the growing importance of the federal government in the lives of all Americans.
In less visible but more important ways, these years also redefined the relationship of the federal government to those disadvantaged by poverty, illness, age, or unemployment. They were no longer sheltered at the Cleveland Infirmary, given outdoor relief at its backdoor, or aided by a private agency like Associated Charities, dependent on the generosity of more fortunate Clevelanders. The “safety net” of Social Security, unemployment compensation, and aid to dependent children, greatly expanded in later decades, began here in these worst of times, the Great Depression.
Cleveland Plain Dealer, (hereafter CPD) March 31, 1931: 1.
Marian J. Morton. Women in Cleveland: An Illustrated History (Indiana University Press: Bloomington and Indianapolis, 1995), 191. A suggested dinner menu: spaghetti with kidney beans and meat balls, raw carrot strips, bread, beverage, and vanilla pudding for dessert.
Daniel R. Kerr. Derelict Paradise: Homelessness and Urban Development in Cleveland, Ohio (Amherst and Boston: University of Massachusetts Press, 2011), 60.
CPD, October 14, 1930: 10.
Lucia Johnson Bing. Social Work in Greater Cleveland: How Public and Private Agencies Are Serving Human Needs (Cleveland: The Welfare Federation of Cleveland, 1938), 18.
David D. Van Tassel and John J. Grabowski. The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History (Bloomington and Indianapolis, Indiana; Indiana University Press, 1996), 82.
CPD, October 4, 1998: 5-D.
CPD, February 12, 1930: 1.
CPD, July 11, 1934: 1.
Van Tassel and Grabowski. Encyclopedia, 571-2.
CPD, April 4, 1933: 1; CPD, June 18, 1933.
CPD, July 29, 1937: 1.
CPD , April 25, 1934:5; April 17, 1934:3; March 24, 1934:5; January 1, 1935:27.
CPD, January 3, 1937: 20-A.
CPD, July 27, 1937:1; CPD, July 28, 1937: 1.
Kimberley L. Phillips . Alabama North: African American Migrants, Community, and Working-Class Activism in Cleveland, 1915-1945 (Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1999), 197.
David D. Van Tassel and John J. Grabowski, The Dictionary of Cleveland Biography (Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1996), 224.
CPD, January 2, 1932: 8 ; CPD, January 11, 1935: 4.
CPD, October 7, 1931:1, 14; CPD, October 11, 1931: 8-A.
CPD, February 11, 1932: 1; CPD, October 20, 1932: 17.
CPD, July 19, 1933: 1.
CPD, September 18, 1932: 7D; CPD, September 4, 1932: 6C.
CPD, April 13, 1935: 9.
George Condon. Cleveland: The Best Kept Secret (Cleveland: J.T. Zubal and P.D. Boyle, 1981), 192; Van Tassel and Grabowski, Dictionary, 460.
Van Tassel and Grabowski, Encyclopedia, 693, 671.
William Ganson Rose. Cleveland: The Making of a City (Cleveland and New York: World Publishing Company, 1950), 952.
Carol Poh Miller. Cleveland MetroParks Past and Present: Celebrating 75 Years of Conservation, Education and Recreation, 1917-1992 (Cleveland: Cleveland MetroParks, 1992), 13.
CPD, September 23, 1937: 5.
Van Tassel and Grabowski, Encyclopedia, 828-9.
Karal Ann Marling, Covering History: Revisiting Federal Art in Cleveland, 1933-1943 (Cleveland: Cleveland Artists Foundation, 2006), 66-67.
Holly Rarick Witchey and John Vacha. Fine Arts in Cleveland: An Illustrated History (Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1994), 121.
CPD, March 30, 1936: 7.
CPD, June 21, 1936: 61.
Van Tassel and Grabowski, Encyclopedia, 1104.
of Newton D. Baker, addressing his impact on the intellectual and political life of Northeast Ohio and beyond.
This event is co-sponsored by The City Club of Cleveland, the Cleveland Council on World Affairs, Teaching Cleveland Digital, and the League of Women Voters of Greater Cleveland.
In 1896 Baker and Clarke both split from Democrat William Jennings “Cross of Gold” Bryan. Both went on to attain great distinction, first in Northeast Ohio, then under President Wilson’s New Freedom. Baker and Clarke eventually diverged, however, in their assessment of the New Deal. How and why—that is the question.
Newton Baker was a proud supporter of woman suffrage, but for Clevelander Belle Sherwin, the movement was a transforming experience. Born to privilege and propriety, Sherwin overcame her “natural shrinking from publicity” by joining, and then leading, the campaign for votes for women that changed their lives and American politics forever.
As a progressive leader in regional and national affairs, Baker was dedicated to the cause of adult education and seized the opportunity to help launch a remarkable model in Cleveland. | 2019-04-25T10:52:08Z | http://teachingcleveland.org/tag/marion-morton/ |
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The Battle of Ostrach, also called the Battle by Ostrach, occurred on 20–21 March 1799. It was the first non-Italy-based battle of the War of the Second Coalition. The battle resulted in the victory of the Austrian forces, under the command of Archduke Charles, over the French forces, commanded by Jean-Baptiste Jourdan.
The battle occurred during Holy Week, 1799, amid rain and dense fog. Initially, the French were able to take, and hold, Ostrach and the nearby hamlet of Hoßkirch plus several strategic points on the Ostrach marsh. As the engagement began, Habsburg numerical superiority overwhelmed French defenses. By evening, the French left wing was flanked and Jourdan's men retreated from Ostrach to the Pfullendorf heights. On the next morning, as Jourdan considered a counter-attack, the weather broke, and he could look down on the Austrian battle array. The numbers and dispositions of the Austrians convinced him that any attack would be useless, and that he could not hope to maintain his position in the heights. As he withdrew, a portion of his right flank was cut off from the main force.
Although casualties appeared even on both sides, the Austrians had a significantly larger fighting force, both on the field at Ostrach, and stretched along a line between Lake Constance and Ulm. French casualties amounted to eight percent of the force and Austrian, approximately four percent. The French withdrew to Engen and Stockach, where a few days later the armies engaged again, this time with greater losses on both sides, and an Austrian victory.
Initially, the rulers of Europe, such as Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor, viewed the revolution in France as an event between the French king and his subjects, and not something in which they should interfere. As the rhetoric grew more strident, however, the other monarchies started to view events with alarm. In 1790, Leopold succeeded his brother Joseph as emperor and by 1791, he considered the situation surrounding his sister, Marie Antoinette, and her children, with greater and greater alarm. In August 1791, in consultation with French émigré nobles and Frederick William II of Prussia, he issued the Declaration of Pillnitz, in which they declared the interest of the monarchs of Europe as one with the interests of Louis and his family. They threatened ambiguous, but quite serious, consequences if anything should happen to the royal family.
The French Republican position became increasingly difficult. Compounding problems in international relations, French émigrés continued to agitate for support of a counter-revolution abroad. Chief among them were the Prince Condé, his son, the Duke de Bourbon, and his grandson, the Duke d'Enghien. From their base in Koblenz, immediately over the French border, they sought direct support for military intervention from the royal houses of Europe, and raised an army.
On 20 April 1792, the French National Convention declared war on Austria. In this War of the First Coalition (1792–1798), France ranged itself against most of the European states sharing land or water borders with her, plus Portugal and the Ottoman Empire. Although the Coalition forces achieved several victories at Verdun, Kaiserslautern, Neerwinden, Mainz, Amberg and Würzburg, the efforts of Napoleon Bonaparte in northern Italy pushed Austrian forces back and resulted in the negotiation of the Peace of Leoben (17 April 1797) and the subsequent Treaty of Campo Formio (October 1797).
The treaty called for meetings between the involved parties to work out the exact territorial and remunerative details, to be convened at Rastatt. The French demand for more territory than originally agreed upon stalled negotiations. Despite their agreement at Campo Formio and the ongoing meetings at Rastatt, the two primary combatants of the First Coalition, France and Austria, were highly suspicious of the other's motives. Several diplomatic incidents undermined the agreement. The Austrians were reluctant to cede the designated territories and the Rastatt delegates could not, or would not, orchestrate the transfer of agreed upon territories to compensate the German princes for their losses. Ferdinand of Naples refused to pay tribute to France, followed by the Neapolitan rebellion, invasion by France, and the subsequent establishment of the Parthenopean Republic. Republican uprising in the Swiss cantons, encouraged by the French Republic with military support, led to the establishment of the Helvetic Republic.
Other factors contributed to the rising tensions as well. On his way to Egypt in 1798, Napoleon had stopped on the Island of Malta and forcibly removed the Hospitallers from their possessions. This angered Paul, Tsar of Russia, who was the honorary head of the Order. The French Directory, furthermore, was convinced that the Austrians were conniving to start another war. Indeed, the weaker the French Republic seemed, the more seriously the Austrians, the Neapolitans, the Russians and the English actually discussed this possibility.
Archduke Charles of Austria had taken command of the army in late January. Although he was unhappy with the strategy set forward by his brother, the Holy Roman Emperor Francis II, he had acquiesced to the less ambitious plan to which Francis and the Aulic Council had agreed: Austria would fight a defensive war and would maintain a continuous defensive line from the Danube to northern Italy. The archduke had stationed himself at Friedberg for the winter, 4.7 miles (8 km) east-south-east of Augsburg. The army was already settled into cantonments in the environs of Augsburg, extending south along the Lech river.
As winter broke in 1799, on 1 March, General Jean-Baptiste Jourdan and his army of 25,000, the so-called Army of the Danube, crossed the Rhine at Kehl. Instructed to block the Austrians from access to the Swiss alpine passes, the Army of the Danube would ostensibly isolate the armies of the Coalition in Germany from allies in northern Italy, and prevent them from assisting one another; furthermore, if the French held the interior passes in Switzerland, they could use the routes to move their own forces between the two theaters. The Army of the Danube, meeting little resistance, advanced through the Black Forest in three columns, through the Höllental (Hölle valley), via Oberkirch, and Freudenstadt, and a fourth column advanced along the north shore of the Rhine. Although Jourdan might have been better advised to establish a position on the eastern slope of the mountains, he did not. Instead, he pushed across the Danube plain and took up position between Rottweil and Tuttlingen, and eventually pushing toward the imperial city of Pfullendorf in Upper Swabia.
French troops wintered in France and crossed the Rhine, moving toward Ostrach in March 1799; Austrian troops wintered in Bavaria, crossed the Lech, and approached Ostrach from the east.
News of the French advance across the Rhine took three days to reach Charles at Augsburg. The Austrian Vorhut (advance guard), 17,000 men under the command of Field marshal Friedrich Joseph, Count of Nauendorf, crossed the Lech in three columns, the first at Babenhausen, marching in the direction of Biberach, the second, and strongest, at Memmingen, marching in the direction of Waldsee, and the third at Leutkirch, heading in the direction of Ravensburg. The main force of 53,000 men, under the command of the Archduke, crossed the Lech by Augsburg, Landsberg and Schongau, and six battalions of 6,600 men crossed the Danube at Ulm. An additional force of 13,000 troops under the command of Lieutenant Field Marshal Anton Sztáray marched toward Neumarkt in the direction of Rednitz. Eventually, 10,000 men under the command of General Friedrich Freiherr von Hotze marched north from Feldkirch in Switzerland, but they did not arrive in time to participate at either the battle at Ostrach, or for the subsequent battle at Stockach.
Ostrach was a small village, with a population of 300. The village belonged to the Cistercian Imperial Abbey of Salem, an influential and wealthy ecclesiastical territory on Lake Constance. The village was largely dedicated to farming, although a stretch of the imperial post road connected it and Pfullendorf. A wide, flat plain, marshy in places, stretched between the base of the Pfullendorf heights and the village; low lying hills ringed the valley, which was creased by a small stream from which the village takes its name. Ostrach itself lies almost at the northern end of this plain, but slightly south of the Danube itself. The two armies faced each other across this small and, at that time of that year, very soggy valley.
By 7 March, the first Austrian soldiers arrived in Ostrach. The French advance guard arrived by the 9th, under command of General François Joseph Lefebvre; in the forward line, the 25th Demi-brigade and Light Infantry positioned themselves between Ostrach and Hoßkirch; Lefebvre also had three battalions each of the 53rd and 67th Demi-Brigades of light infantry, twenty squadrons of hussars, chasseurs, and dragoons, and field artillery pieces. By 12 March, the village and the surrounding farms were filled with Lancers (Ulanen) and Hussars (Hussaren) and by the 17th, the Austrian advance guard had established forward posts at Buchau, Altshausen and Waldsee. The remainder of Charles' army, at this point nearly 110,000 strong, had established itself along a line from Ulm to Lake Constance.
By 18 March, Jourdan had formed his headquarters at Pfullendorf, on the heights above Ostrach. In front of him stood the largest part of his cavalry and half of his infantry. The center, including the 4th Regiment of Hussars, the 1st of Chasseurs à Cheval, and two squadrons of the 17th Dragoons, lay behind Ostrach, under command of General Klein. Jourdan distributed them in three columns, the strongest on the post road by Saulgau, another on the road in the direction of Altshausen, and a third at the hamlet of Friedberg.
The flank of Lefebvre's division, with 7,000 men, commanded by Laurent Saint-Cyr extended to the Danube; by the time skirmishing began, Vandamme, was still in the environs of Stuttgart, with 3,000 men, looking in vain for Austrian forces that might be stationed there, and he played no part in the battle. The far right, under command of Ferino, angled south from Pfullendorf to Lake Constance, or the Bodensee. The cavalry reserve of 3,000 under General Jean-Joseph Ange d'Hautpoul included a battalion of the 53rd Demi-Brigade, and waited in close column in the environs of Pfullendorf.
Jourdan considered his position superior to the Austrian's, protected as he was by the marshy plain between his positions and the Austrian front, and he thought he had another three days to consolidate his positions. His forces occupied Hoßkirch, and a couple of other points he considered strategic: the causeway (post road) that passed Saulgau (today Bad Saulgau), the village of Altshausen 11 kilometers (7 mi) east, and the hamlet of Friedberg, 5 kilometers (3 mi) to the north-north-east of Ostrach. These positions created a perimeter around Ostrach. He was unaware that the Archduke had arrived by forced marches from Augsburg to the vicinity of Ostrach; Jourdan thought the main force of Charles' army was still at least three days' march away. By the middle of Holy Week in 1799, more than a third of Charles' army, 48,000 mixed troops, was positioned in a formation parallel to Jourdan's, and his 72,000 remaining troops were arrayed with the left wing at Kempten, the center near Memmingen, and the right flank extended to Ulm.
As the armies assembled in their positions, the flanks and forward outposts encountered one another in several skirmishes; indeed, they had been skirmishing for seven days, until 19 March, when the outposts of both armies nearly overlapped. On the right wing, General Ferino's men encountered an Austrian column of volunteer infantry and some light cavalry from one of the border Hussar regiments, and took 70 and 80 prisoners, respectively, including several officers. All of this happened without the Austrians knowing that there was an official declaration of war. On the 20 March, a French emissary arrived at camp of Prince Schwarzenberg, a major general commanding a brigade of the advanced guard. The emissary asked if he possessed a declaration of war from Vienna, and upon being informed that Schwarzenberg had received no such declaration, informed him that the armistice established at Campo Formio was ended, and there existed between France and Austria a state of war. General Jourdan reportedly began a general attack when the emissary left, although other sources do not bear out the scale of the attack.
Ostrach and the nearby villages.
Initially, the strength of the French advance guard pushed the most forward of the Austrian right to Saulgau and Ratzenreute, 6.2 kilometers (4 mi) east of Ostrach, backing the Austrian main army against the Schussen river. Jean Victor Tharreau's mixed brigade of infantry, light infantry and cavalry encountered the Austrians at Barendorf, and forced them to give up the ground; immediately, Charles sent reinforcements, and the Austrians regained what they had lost.
At the center of the French line, at Hoßkirch, 3 kilometers (2 mi) east-south-east of Ostrach, General Lefebvre's column attacked the Austrians in an action that lasted most of the day. The Austrian line included several seasoned Grenzer (border) regiments, the Vecsy Hussars, and some lancers; although Lefebvre's initial assault caused confusion in the Austrian ranks, the Lancers counter-attacked with ferocity and, joined by the Grenzers and the Hussars, pursued the French along the Ostrach river valley, and cut up four squadrons of the 8th Regiment of Chasseurs à Cheval. Lefebvre's column was forced out of the hamlet by the Austrians, who had four battalions, 1200 horse, and six cannons. After bringing up additional reinforcements—several light artillery, Chasseurs à Cheval, Hussars, and the 17th Regiment of Dragoons, Lefebvre was able to take the village again. By 0500 of 21 March, however, he sent word to Jourdan that he was being attacked on all posts by the Austrians, and they must soon expect a general engagement.
Charles had divided his force into columns, and at close to 1000, the Austrians attacked in force, with simultaneous assaults upon multiple positions. With Nauendorf's advance force moved with 11 battalions and 20 squadrons on Saint Cyr's position . Following behind with the main force of the right column, Fürstenberg had little difficulty pushing the French out of Davidsweiler and advanced on Ruppersweiler an Einhard 5 kilometers (3 mi) to the northwest. His force pressured elements of Saint Cyr's thinly manned line, and the entire line fell back slowly, to maintain contact with its flanks. Maximilian, Count of Merveldt's force, attacking on Saint Cyr's far left flank, continued to pressure the line, which started to crumble. Further south, Olivier, Count of Wallis took a column of 18 battalions and 42 squadrons and attacked the Adjutant General François-Xavier Octavie Fontaine's French line at Riedhausen, between Ostrach and Ferino's column at Salem. In the maneuvering, the cross-fire trapped French forces; at Riedhausen, unable to take cover, they were cut down from both sides.
Charles himself took a main column along the high road, a causeway that passed by Saulgau, to attack Lefebvre on points between Hoßkirch and Ostrach. In this deployment of his force, Charles sought to dislodge the center of the French line from its position in Ostrach, separating the wings from the main body of force and overcoming both separately.
The convergence of the two columns on the French at Ostrach demonstrated the advantage of the superiority of Austrian numbers. From every angle, the Austrians threatened to overwhelm the French. Jourdan wrote that his men disappeared under a cloud of red coats. Battalion after battalion of Austrians threw themselves against the French defenses. By late morning, Charles' troops pushed the French out of Hoßkirch, and into Ostrach, which the French nearly lost until Jourdan sent reinforcements. The fighting remained fierce until about 1600, when the French pulled back toward Pfullendorf, encouraged by Austrian cavalry. Once out of Ostrach, and established on the road at and around Pfullendorf, the French formed a new perimeter, reinforced by reserves of Soulham, and enjoyed the benefit of altitude from which they could fire down upon the attacking Austrians. Despite the punishing musket fire, Charles' strategy worked. The far right wing (Ferino's force), which had not been attacked yet, fell back to Salem Abbey, to maintain communication with the French center.
At the Pfullendorf heights, the fight began anew. Charles sent two strong columns of eight battalions each across the Ostrach stream. The French poured fire on the Austrians, who took heavy losses, but did not give up the ground. In the night, Fürstenberg broke through the French line to Einhard, flanking Jourdan's main force and cutting off Saint Cyr. Further south, Wallis threatened to do the same to Fontaine and Ferino. As darkness fell, so ended the first day of fighting.
"... [W]e discovered an immense line of cavalry and infantry. It may be said, without exaggeration, that the troops which engaged our advanced guard amounted to twenty-five thousand men. I now perceived the absolute impossibility of making any further resistance against such a superior force, as well as the danger that threatened the division, from the advantage which the enemy had gained on the left. I therefore ordered General Soult to fall back with the division to the post before Pfulendorf [sic]."
He was wrong; the Austrians engaged with the French advance guard numbered closer to 50,000, and constituted the main body of Charles' army, not its advance guard. In the night, Charles also had moved additional troops to renew the attack on the Pfullendorf heights at daybreak.
On 21 March, at 2200, Jourdan ordered the wounded to be transported to Schaffhausen in Switzerland, via Stockach. The main army then began its own retreat in the early morning of 22 March. The reserve division of d'Hautpoul left first, and pulled back via Stockach to Emmingen ob Egg. According to Jourdan, the retreat occurred in perfect order, and was supported in particular by a company of sappers, who blew up the bridges in the face of enemy fire, and then fought like grenadiers. The Austrians outflanked Saint Cyr's forces on the right flank and General Ferino, at the southern-most point, retreated to Salem, to maintain the line with the remainder of the French force. When the first division pulled back to Bodman, on the northern tip of the Überlingen-finger of Lake Constance, a portion of the force was encircled and cut off by the 2nd Lancers of Karl Philipp, Prince Schwarzenberg's brigade, and more than 500 were taken prisoner.
Other sources are less sanguine in their assessment of Jourdan's retreat. Jourdan's forces, especially his left flank, were severely pressed; the French line collapsed upon itself at both ends as the soldiers fell back. A dispatch to Paris, later reported in the Times, claimed that the French intent had been betrayed to the Austrians by a deserter, but there is some evidence that this was Jourdan's mendacious attempt to explain the apparent surprise with which the Austrians attacked. A British report claimed that the French commander had two horses shot from under him, but Jourdan himself reported that only one horse was shot, and he was thrown, stunned, to the ground. Lefebvre received a musket ball in the wrist and had to be carried from the field; command of his division was given to the rising star Jean-de-Dieu Soult. Furthermore, a sizable portion—sources are not clear on how many—of the French right wing (Ferino's force) had been cut off from its main force, and made prisoner. Finally, General Friedrich Freiherr von Hotze was quickly making his way north with 10,000 men from Feldkirch and prepared to attack Jourdan's army from the south.
Eventually, Jourdan withdrew first to Messkirch (sometimes spelled Mößkirch or Meßkirch), and when that city was no longer defensible, fell back to Stockach, and then again Engen, but he wrote that the armies had been well-matched; French valor, he wrote, overcame servitude. His men had taken many Austrian prisoners, and he knew also that many Austrians lay dead or wounded on the field of battle. His army itself had losses, but their valor in death matched the ambitious tyranny of the Austrians: Charles had driven his army hard, he wrote, and the Austrians would not pursue the gallant, liberty-loving French; Charles' failure to pursue the French affirmed Jourdan's perception that his had not been a defeat followed by retreat, but rather a strategic withdrawal. Jourdan probably did not know that Charles had been ordered to maintain a continuous and orderly defensive line with troops to the south.
Jourdan's own assessment did not match that of his superiors in Paris, who recognized that the loss of twelve percent of the fighting force, versus less than four percent for the adversary, did not amount to a draw. Furthermore, this first attempt to cut the Austrians off from access to the upper Rhine and Lake Constance had not succeeded. There were other considerations, primarily that Jourdan simply did not have enough men to fight not only this battle but the subsequent ones as well.
Located at 47°57′19.9″N 9°23′18″E / 47.955528°N 9.38833°E / 47.955528; 9.38833 The architect of the monument was the Hohenzollern state conservator, Wilhelm Friedrich Laur.
For his own part, the Archduke did not push his troops to pursue and capture the enemy, or even harass their retreat. Charles' slow pursuit might have been due to his own disgruntlement with Vienna's overarching defensive strategy and the undoubted difficulty of the battle itself, conducted with troops wearied by a forced march of 30 miles (48 km), fighting in rain, fog, and on normally boggy terrain made more soggy by the heavy spring rains and snow melt. Regardless, he more than made up for these shortcomings within the week. Five days after Jourdan's departure from Ostrach and Pfullendorf, the French and Austrian armies continued the fight at Stockach. This time, the decision could not be argued: The Army of the Danube could not hold the territory and withdrew into the Black Forest.
The battle at Ostrach had been difficult, as Jourdan pointed out, due largely to the dense fog and terrible weather that hampered his observation of his enemy's movements, yet the same fog that blinded him to the Austrian movements did not seem to hamper Charles. The fog and rainy weather did play a role, however. On a local level, in the damp night of the 20th, which was Gründonnerstag, (German: Green Thursday, or Maundy Thursday), the Danube overflowed, backing up into the Ostrach, and causing it to burst its own banks. The flood trapped 300 civilians between the two armies intent on destruction; suspecting what was to come, Ostrachers huddled in their cellars, and hoped for the best and gasping for breath as the battle thundered overhead. Amazingly, none were killed, although they spent Easter Sunday caring for the wounded, and helping to bury the 4,000 or so soldiers who died in the battle.
Prior to 1903, a simple wooden cross commemorated the battle site, located on the so-called Buchbuhl, a hill overlooking the village, and the plains to the southeast, where much of the fighting occurred. In 1903, a monument was erected to honor the battle. In 1945, when French troops arrived in the region, they closed the monument; the local pastor encouraged them to reopen it, calling it a chapel.
^ Blanning, p. 232; Gunther E. Rothenberg. Napoleon’s great adversaries: Archduke Charles and the Austrian Army 1792–1914. Stroud, (Gloucester): Spellmount, 2007, p. 74; Ramsey Weston Phipps. The Armies of the First French Republic, volume 5: The armies of the Rhine in Switzerland, Holland, Italy, Egypt and the coup d'etat of Brumaire, 1797–1799, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1939, pp. 49–50.
^ a b c Blanning, p. 232.
^ David Hollins, Austrian Commanders of the Napoleonic Wars, 1792–1815. London, Osprey, 2004, pp. 18–19.
^ Jean-Baptiste Jourdan. A Memoir of the operations of the army of the Danube under the command of General Jourdan, taken from the manuscripts of that officer, London: Debrett, 1799, p. 164.
^ Smith, p. 147; Jourdan, pp. 140–144; Broda, Südkurier.
^ Phipps, pp. 49–50; Young, p. 227.
^ Phipps, pp. 49–50; Young, p. 227–228.
^ John Gallagher. Napoleon's enfant terrible: General Dominique Vandamme. Tulsa: University of Oklahoma Press, 2008, ISBN 978-0-8061-3875-6, p. 76-77.
^ Phipps, pp. 49–50; Young, p. 227-228.
^ a b Jourdan, p. 178.
^ a b Phipps, pp. 49–50; Young, pp. 220–228.
^ a b c d e Edward Cust (Sir). Annals of the wars of the eighteenth century, compiled from the most authentic histories of the period. London: Mitchell's military library, 1857–1860, p. 166.
^ From the Hamburgh Mail. "Private Correspondence", Hamburgh, 2 March 1799, reported in The Times, 8 April 1799, pg. 3; col A.
^ "Private Correspondence", The Times, 8 April 1799.
^ Phipps, pp. 49–50; Jourdan, pp. 145–149.
^ a b Jourdan, p. 160.
^ Thomas Graham, 1st Baron Lynedoch. The History of the campaign of 1796 in Germany and Italy. London, 1797. p. 70.
^ Although the Habsburg Infantry wore white coats, some grenadier and hussar units wore red. Jourdan himself says that the coats were red, and an English source confirms this. Jourdan, p. 145. Times, 5 April 1799.
^ Cust, p. 166; Sir Archibald Alison. A History of Europe from the Commencement of the French Revolution in 1789 to the Restoration of the Bourbons. New York: A.S. Barnes, 1850, p. 115; Phipps, pp. 49–50.
^ a b Graham, p. 68.
^ Phipps, pp. 78–79; Young, pp. 229–231.
^ Phipps, pp. 49–50; Jourdan, p. 178.
^ (in German) Roland Kessinger, '"Die Schlacht von Stockach am 25. März 1799". Zeitschrift für Militärgeschichte. Salzburg: Öst. Milizverlag, 1997–. , p. 3.
^ "Engagements Between The Grand Armies Of The Archduke and General Jourdan." The Times, Friday, 5 April 1799; pg. 2; col A.
^ Times, 5 April 1799.
^ Jourdan, p. 161; Cust, p. 166.
^ The Times 5 April 1799. Other sources report he lost his arm: See "Private Correspondence", The Times, 8 April 1799, pg. 3; col A.
^ Phipps, pp. 49–50 Young, p. 228; Jourdan, p. 178.
^ Phipps, pp. 49–50 Young, p. 230.
^ Phipps, pp. 49–50; Young, p. 231.
^ Adolphe Thiers. The history of the French revolution. New York: Appleton, 1854, v. 4, p. 370.
^ Blanning, pp. 232, 264; Phipps, pp. 49–50.
^ Phipps, pp. 49–50; Young, pp. 228–230.
^ (in German) Broda, Südkurier.
^ (in German) Edwin Ernst Weber. Ostrach 1799 – die Schlacht, der Ort, das Gedenken Archived 22 August 2007 at the Wayback Machine, Gemeinde Ostrach, BW, DE website Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Accessed 24 October 2009.
Alison, Sir Archibald. A History of Europe from the Commencement of the French Revolution in 1789 to the Restoration of the Bourbons. New York: A.S. Barnes, 1850.
Blanning, Timothy. The French Revolutionary Wars. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996. ISBN 0-340-56911-5.
Graham, Thomas, Baron Lynedoch.(?) The History of the campaign of 1796 in Germany and Italy. London, 1797.
Hollins, David. Austrian Commanders of the Napoleonic Wars, 1792–1815. London: Osprey, 2004.
Jourdan, Jean-Baptiste, A Memoir of the operations of the army of the Danube under the command of General Jourdan, taken from the manuscripts of that officer, London: Debrett, 1799.
(in German) Kessinger, Roland. '"Die Schlacht von Stockach am 25. März 1799". Zeitschrift für Militärgeschichte. Salzburg: Öst. Milizverlag, 1997–. .
Phipps, Ramsey Weston. The Armies of the First French Republic, volume 5: The armies of the Rhine in Switzerland, Holland, Italy, Egypt and the coup d'etat of Brumaire, 1797–1799, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1939.
Smith, Digby (1998). The Greenhill Napoleonic Wars Data Book: Actions and Losses in Personnel, Colours, Standards and Artillery, 1792–1815. Greenhill, Pennsylvania: Stackpole Books. ISBN 1-85367-276-9. * Thiers, Adolphe. The history of the French revolution, New York, Appleton, 1854, v. 4.
(in German) Weber, Edwin Ernst. Ostrach 1799 – die Schlacht, der Ort, das Gedenken, Gemeinde Ostrach website. Accessed 24 October 2009.
Young, John, D.D., A History of the Commencement, Progress, and Termination of the Late War between Great Britain and France which continued from the first day of February 1793 to the first of October 1801. Volume 2. Edinburg: Turnbull, 1802.
"Engagements Between The Grand Armies Of The Archduke and General Jourdan." The Times, Friday, 5 April 1799; pg. 2; col A.
Excerpted from the Hamburgh Mail. "Private Correspondence", Hamburgh, 2 March 1799, reported in The Times, 8 April 1799, pg. 3; col A.
(in German) Broda, Ruth. "Schlacht von Ostrach:“ jährt sich zum 210. Mal – Feier am Wochenende. Wie ein Dorf zum Kriegsschauplatz wurde. In: Südkurier vom 13. Mai 2009.
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This page was last edited on 26 November 2018, at 21:04 (UTC). | 2019-04-21T17:32:15Z | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Ostrach |
We have used crystals for thousands of years in almost all the ancient cultures. You will find stories,pictures and artefacts in books, and museums explaining the use of crystals for healing,protection,childbirth,magic,guidance,bartering,relaxation, and connecting to spiritual wisdom.
In Mediaeval England midwives were allowed to use jet as a container for holy water which was given to the labouring mother to ease her pain.The ancient council priests of the Sanhedrin of Israel wore huge plaques bearing Lapis lazuli for protection and mystical insights. Ancient Egyptians used various crystals in their healing temples. The ruling classes used crystals as jewellery and ground down crystals into powders to be used as make up and the Bible is dotted with various mentions of certain crystals. Today Science has found ways to utilise the properties of crystals to help in our modern technology. We only have to look at all the wonderful quartz watches, and lasers being used in medicine to see how certain crystals are being used to make our life much easier! It is said that crystals can provide a gentle form of healing by bringing the bodies energies back into balance. They do this by working with the subtle energetic bodies (bio magnetic sheath or Aura) around our bodies. The crystals are said to work holistically easing mind body and soul. A Crystal healing does not mean a person will be cured from anything!!
Crystals are naturally occurring solids that are made from minerals. Minerals are made from elements that cannot be broken down into anything else. Minerals will always form different crystal shapes. The symmetry they create is classified in to seven systems of three dimensional patterns.
Most crystals are formed in the earth whilst others fall to earth from the sky as meteors. Science defines crystals by their mineral content or other substance depending on the content,shape,hardness, and the atomic arrangement. Crystals or gemstones are identified by the Mohs scale. In 1812 Friedrich Mohs a German scientist discovered the constant relationship of how hard different minerals are to each other. In order for a crystal to qualify as a gemstone the stone has to be hard enough to resist scratching, have noticeable clear bright colour and clarity and also the size and rarity comes into consideration.
Now the crystals we use for healing are not always worth very much money because they are not all semi - precious stones.
A lot of healers or crystal enthusiasts like to use crystals in their natural form i.e. Rough Cut and un tumbled.
Crystals come in different guises, rough cut, tumbled and faceted. All crystals have different qualities and healing properties. Now this does not have anything to do with how the crystal looks on the surface. It is the energy contained within it, and how that energy is radiating out into the environment. As you become more sensitive you will be naturally drawn to particular crystals and the energy it contains. Usually it’s the colour that first gets your attention, then the way it looks. Try holding a crystal in your hand. How does it feel? Does it resonate with you? Can you feel subtle energies? Or is it pulsating strongly in your hand? Do you feel energised, sad or happy? Give yourself time and space to let the crystals energies align with your own. Always go with your gut instinct when choosing a crystal for yourself. Or speak to a qualified crystal expert if there is something specific you want it for!
See book corner for books.
All crystals must be cleansed before using. If your crystal is not soluble the easiest thing to do is hold it under running water for a few minutes, and then place in the sunlight or moonlight for a few hours.This will help to re-energise the crystal. You can then dedicate your crystal for specific purposes, ie healing before using. In order for you to benefit from your crystals properties it is important that you cleanse them regularly. Delicate crystals can be cleared and cleansed with a smudge or incense stick. Sage and sandalwood are great for this purpose.
Note all crystals come in varying shades and colours. This is a little snapshot of the crystals properties and is not inclusive of all their gifts. Please see Book corner for recommended crystal books. The crystals mentioned below can be used on and with the chakras.
Smoky Quartz is a brown clear quartz crystal; it is a wonderful healer for the body. It is a great grounding stone (root chakra) by this I mean it helps draw your spiritual energy down into your body and grounding it there. It is very effective in absorbing negative energy and environmental pollution. If you place it on the ground it will over time re-energize the earth around it! It can help relieve stress and pain within the body and can cleanse the root chakra.
Carnelian is an orange coloured crystal it is a wonderful balancing stone used for the sacral chakra. It is a great stone for lifting your mood helping to ease menstrual cramps, boosting you creativity, revitalizing your energy and is helpful in removing emotional blocks , which can then boost fertility. So it is brilliant for the reproductive organs. It is great for releasing stress in the body and especially the large intestine. Carnelian can aid the male and female aspects of self and bring them together in a harmonious dance. It is used to boost joy, abundance, living in the moment and freedom. It can help remove fear of death and endings. It is said to help ease pain in the lower back and with cases of rheumatism. Carnelian is a wonderful stone and is one I use a lot.
Citrine is a bright yellow crystal used for the solar plexus chakra. Citrine has an amazing quality which helps to cleanse and strengthen the mental body. Citrine boosts self-confidence, moves us into joy and brings clarity. It can ease mental stress, and encourages energy to flow. It is Brilliant at releasing self-doubt and fear that we are not good enough. Citrine is said to aid the spleen, stomach, nervous system, and the digestive system.
A wonderful stone that helps you to see all the joy that surrounds you. Think of a brilliant warm summers day, and that is Citrine. A bringer of light, laughter, and a real zest and passion for life. Citrine is a great motivating stone! It never fails to make you smile.
Green Aventurine is used for heart chakra and for neutralizing environmental pollution. Aventurine is a lovely gentle stone which eases heartache, emotional distress or anger. It can be used to ease physical pain and emotional feelings that are trapped in the past. A lovely stone to bring abundance and gratitude for all you have. It is said this stone works with the thymus gland, and also calms blood pressure; it can be used to soothe nausea and releases headaches. This stone has strong links with empathy and compassion it protects the subtle bodies of the heart chakra. A great protector of your heart chakra energy.Use if you are going into emotionally charged situations.Or you yourself need emotional healing.
Blue Lace Agate is used for the throat chakra, it aids clear communication, and is said to be Mother Mary’s stone.The surface of the stone usually has soft water like waves running across and down its sides. A deliciously calming and cooling crystal that cleans and clears the throat chakra. It can ease issues with the throat, neck, and shoulders, and it is said to aid the thyroid and parathyroid glands.Blue Lace Agate can help to increase your confidence when speaking your truth and talking about spiritual matters. It also gently allows you to see and feel any underlying emotional stress you are carrying around. Use for protection when going into highly stressful situations where people speak aggressively. Allow the essence of the crystal to gently diffuse the energy.
Blue lace agate is a very high vibrational crystal that can bring universal conscious awareness into your life when you are ready. .
Amethyst can be used on the brow or crown chakra. A beautiful, powerful crystal of varying richness and shades of purple. It’s another favourite of mine as it seems to help everything! This very powerful stone can really help you to zone in, and focus your attention to the spiritual realms and help to deepen your connection to the spirit world.
Amethyst is a great cleansing and healing stone that transmutes negative or stuck emotions on all levels of the aura. It can open intuition and is wonderful at relieving pain. Very helpful for migraine and headache suffers. Amethyst can help alleviate sadness, loss and grief.It improves memory,and brings reasoning and clarity to dreams. Amethyst also helps you to assimilate new information,which is always helpful!
It is also a great protector of energy and the subtle bodies. It will calm or increase energy as needed. If you need a good nights sleep Amethyst is your crystal.It is also perfect for use in meditation.
Clear Quartz can be used on all the chakras, as it uses the full spectrum of visible light. It is sometimes referred to as the master crystal.Due to its ability to connect deeply with the spiritual realms of the higher crown chakras. When the quartz is very clear it is able to refine, amplify, and direct energy. Just by holding good quality clear quartz you can increase your bioenergy field. By doing this the crystal works by gently assessing your own needs bringing the body into a state of harmony and balance, releasing that which is no longer needed. This is the quartz’s gift; it purifies and re-energizes calming the mind, body, and soul. Clear quartz really is a powerful and beautiful stone.
It is said that clear quartz can reduce blistering and soothe small burns, and that it can ease pain. Clear quartz is often used during meditation to raise your vibration and increase altered states of consciousness.
" I now dedicate this crystal to the highest healing and good". If you want it to help you with certain things again cleanse and say aloud Example - " I dedicate this crystal to the highest healing and light, may it bring me peace clarity, and harmony to my physical self, I ask this in the highest light, and for my highest good Amen Amen Amen" . See what feels right for you as eveyone is different.As long as you ask from your heart in love and in light, and with integrity, you should be on the right track!
This is a Blue Druzy cluster quartz crystal. Due to the density of the tightly packed crystals, it gives off shimmers of light. This crystal is a deeply healing stone that comes in a variety of colours. As this is blue it automatically works with the fifth chakra which is the throat. It aids in clear communication and truth telling. But this is also a stone of protection and clearing for its wearer. It can bring a deep sense of calm to all levels of the auric field and the the chakra system. Promoting calm of the mind body and soul. It is said to aid healers get in touch with their own abilities on another level. Druzy quartz is also thought to help balance the immune system.
Gaia is the original Greek name given to the Goddess Mother Earth. As the name suggests it is used for connecting with Mother Earth energy, and earth Devas to cleanse, and neutralize any harmful toxic emotions from the body. This stone can be used to deepen your faith in the feminine aspect of yourself whether you are male or female. It can be used to help you connect more fully with nature and to the Divine that is present in nature. As this is an Aura quartz it will also aid the balancing of your auric field on all levels. Aura quartz are used to aid the fourth chakra which is the Anahata or heart chakra. It works by opening and cleaning the heart of old wounds and emotional traumas. It holds many colours like a rainbow, and it is a deeply calming and exciting stone to look at!
This is the Que Sera stone, and it is the whatever will be will be stone! This stone is used to encourage you to let go and surrender for your highest good.If you are ready to undertake your healing journey this stone is a great ally. Bringing you many gifts like balance acceptance, clairvoyance, clairsentience,clairaudience and increased intuition. In meditation it quietens the mind, it will cleanse and open up the chakra system allowing the universal energy field to flow unhindered within and around you.This stone seems to have the most impact on the emotional body (sacral chakra) when you open up to its healing energy negative energy seems to dissipate.
This is Honey Calcite, and as the name suggests it is very golden in colour. This is a crystal to use for persistence and intellectual clarity. Hence the fact it works so well with the Solar Plexus. Honey calcite also activates the Root Chakra, grounding you and holding you securely. It also works with the third eye in order to bring balance and clear sight. It really harmonizes, the root, solar and third eye together. It has calming abilities, and if used in meditation it can facilitate astral projection!. I loved working with this stone for the first time the other day, it got very warm in my hand almost immediately!
Releasing fear that is trapping you in the past. It can help with nervous conditions.It will assist in self acceptance and self worth, lift tension and anxiety, and help to ease or prevent nightmares.
Connemara Marble is found here on the west coast of Ireland. A stone for the Heart Chakra again which connects us to our ancestors. It is a stone for inner wisdom. Marbles are seen as common sense stones,grounding you, yet allowing your wisdom to come through.Marbles are ancient and they hold much wisdom within them. Connemara marble is thought to aid absorption of calcium and magnesium.
This crystal is called Goldstone, and as the name suggests it is used to bring a boost to your finances. It draws on the energy of the sun, so it is useful in the summer to place it outside in order to "charge up". It is associated with vitality and energy so its great for the root chakra!if you need to boost your finances program the stone for your needs, say an affirmation and use it only for this. You could wear around your neck ( like this one) or have a piece in your purse.
This is Blue Kyanite, it also comes in Black! A beautiful powerful stone It comes from the Greek word Kuanos sometimes referred to as "kyanos", meaning deep blue. It is used for the throat chakra to heal any ailments therein! A great stone to aid communication and truth.It will help to break through fears to get to one's personal truth.It is said that this crystal will not retain negative energy. However I would still cleanse it by smudging after a period. Said to align all chakras, bringing them into harmony with each other, great for personal use in meditation and healing. It encourages psychic abilities and communication on all levels i.e with spirit guides and guardian Angels. It is said to release all anger, frustration and confusion. It contains a strong stimulating energy.It is also said to encourage perseverance and be a natural pain reliever. This crystal is said to align you with your Soul Path and True Vocation.It must be used with integrity of purpose or misuse will rebound on the wearer. It is said to advance telepathic communication and to bring harmony and unconditional love to a partnership.
Rainbow Fluorite as the name suggests contains a beautiful array of colours, in this natural state it is said to help the nervous system on a physical level, but on spiritual grounds it readily shows its meditative and inspirational qualities. A crystal for joy and creativity, it promotes positive events. This crystal has many diverse healing qualities, hence the fact why its so popular. It is said to protect blood vessels, ease pain of osteoarthritis, and osteoporosis, help ease the lungs of asthma suffers,andbring general balance and harmony.It has an ability to hold negative energy, so it should be cleansed regularly at least once a week, or every time it is used in healing.
Malachite this is a powerful stone. It will always reflect back to you, what you are feeling. So if you don’t feel great don’t wear it! It is a mirror of the soul if you like. The ancient Greeks, Romans and Egyptians used to ground this stone down to wear as eye makeup! It was also thought to be a protector stone for children against evil “witches” in ancient times. It is also used for success in business. It is always a green colour, but can vary in its shades, it contains copper.
Pink Opal this is a stone for the heart chakra, a stone of renewal and love. It helps the wearer to connect with the love for themselves. As with everything we need to love ourselves first and to accept ourselves in order to love others freely. This stone is great for connecting with your own inner knowing. A stone for self-realisation! A stone of peace and non-violence, it releases old patterns and purifies the heart and mind. This particular stone comes from Australia. There are a few varieties and they come in many colours. The pink opals contain water and can crack easily, so store them well and avoid heat. The Romans associated this stone with good luck.
Moonstone as the name reflects is associated with the moon and feminine qualities and the goddess Diana. A stone of intuition and the element of air. This is a great crystal to use at the time of menstration.It calms nerves, soothes pain and irritability. A crystal to promote love, healing and protection for oneself. It is very powerful to use on a full moon! This stone like Malachite reflects the person who is wearing it. But it is a lot gentler! Moonstone is thought to work with the pineal gland and balance the hormones; it’s also a “cooling” stone. It Calms the emotions and brings back natural rhythms. It is thought of as a woman’s stone, yet men can use it to connect with their feminine self and their intuition. It is a stone of inner strength and growth. There are two types of Moonstone. Aldularia is a very pale almost transparent grey or silver white found in Burma, India Sri Lanka and Madagascar. Albite Moonstone is found mainly in Canada and is part of the feldspar group. It can be a bit dull with shimmers in its translucent colouring. Associated with the third eye and crown chakras.
Blood Stone as the name suggests is a great crystal for the blood. It is also called Heliotrope. It is said to help circulate oxygen around the bloodstream. The spleen, bone marrow and heart are all thought to benefit from this stone. It is said to reduce stress and bring mental clarity and calm. Thought to be good for people with iron deficiency. A good stone to bring in physical vitality. The ancients used it for protection of the “evil eye”. This is a good stone to have doted around the home to bring in abundant vital energy. Also a great crystal for the root chakra.
Amazonite is a crystal of communication, it helps its wearer to communicate truthfully with love and kindness. It is a stone of harmony and balance. If visions are seen whilst wearing this stone, it is said that they will be trustworthy.
Tigers Eye is associated with the Solar Plexus . It is a yellow and brown stone which can vary in its intensity and clarity.It is sometimes called Cats Eye or Hawks Eye. Like the name itself it does help you to see things more clearly on an intuitive level ( third Eye Chakra) It is a stone for the mind not the body. Thus the solar plexus where our "mental Body" resides.It helps to calm thoughts and confusion bringing a clearer and sharper outlook to whoever wears or holds it. If a person is able to have a personal symbol carved from this stone it will aid meditation greatly.
Sodalite.This crystal is associated with the Throat Chakra, it is usually a very dark blue. It is thought to bring inner peace and calm.You can place this crystal in your pockets or within the rooms of your home to bring a sense of harmony.It is thought to also aid endurance, so is great for athletes! It works on the conscious and subconscious mind to bring healing balance and harmony.Again it is also thought to be beneficial to writers, as it aids the natural flow and rhythm of the words. This crystal helps balance the thyroid gland, and will bring its wearer the gift of confidence and speech! It looks beautiful as a necklace.
This crystal is called Rhodonite, its name comes from the Greek meaning "A Rose" . traditionally used as a powerful healer for the heart chakra, it has, pink and brownish tones running through it. A beautiful crystal tat can help its wearer with a number of things. It carries the vibration of love within itself. It can bring cleansing and releasing from the heart chakra, and aids a deeper love connection to self. Known to aid an awakening of hidden talents, it can boost self esteem. great for the thymus gland and the lungs.Brilliant for the immune system, eases arthritic complaints and helps detoxify the liver! Also supposed to help with shock, trauma to the skin or tension and stress.
The darker pink stones with specks of black in them also aid the root chakra and can help with hormonal issues.
This is Blue Agate.Not to be confused with Blue Lace Agate.Agate come in many colours, this one is a rich deep blue. It aids communication and will assist people in reaching higher spiritual realms.Meditate with it visualizing yourself speaking calmly and from a place of clarity and truth. A very calming and soothing stone, great for weary nerves, it can aid the balance of logic and intuition. Used for the throat chakra, to find ones truth and creativity, this beautiful stone can help open your throat to your higher truths.
This is Selenite, another one of my favourites! It reminds me of the crystal cave from the movie superman. Clear selenite is used to open clear and activate the crown chakra, to Divine light and consciousness. A beautiful stone often used in meditation and for helping you move forward on your spiritual path. A great stone to enhance your positive affirmations. A very high vibrational stone, it can aid you in past life work , by activating past life talents and gifts!. Do not wet this crystal as it may dissolve!Use smudging instead. It also has the gift of healing and if you buy a selenite wand it can guide you to places within the body that need attention!.
This is a fossil called Orthoceras.They are ancestors of our modern day squids!This fossil is used by a lot of energy healers for the root chakra, to ground and protect, and to ease pain in the hands, feet and spine, or skeleton. It is thought to reduce anxiety and balance the emotions. Any one who is working in a spiritual business this is a great stone to have within the workspace.It promotes financial abundance and harmony. Fossils are thought to reduce toxins, stress and to stimulate the mind.
This is Serpentine, it is associated with activating the Kundalini energy that lays at the base of the spine.It is said that this is a great stone to use when there are aliments with the lungs and heart, and also for cellular regeneration.It is also associated with the reptilian brain, and the Devic or nature kingdom.Healers use this stone for clearing blockages within the chakras.The name Serpentine comes from the Greek Serpens meaning snake.This was a highly prized stone by the Aztecs. There are variations in the colour.
Leopardite, this little crystal is part of the jasper family.There are many types and colours of jasper. This little beauty is a very light peach or orange colour with lots of grey or black splodges.It is a gentle stone, and is used to help you let go of judgement of yourself and others. Use it to help release you from inner conflict. You can use this in meditation to connect with your "spiritual ancestors"
Fuchsite or green Muscovite is known as a healers stone, as it works with the heart chakra. It allows the "healer" to work with somebody without getting into situations that produce co-dependency. It is used for instilling self love and worth, and balancing the mind and heart together. It is also said that it can help you choose herbal and holistic treatments if you take it to a health store!! It also can help bring a restful nights sleep. It can also amplify the benefits of other crystals and their properties. Fuchsite is great for boosting intuition and inspiration and great for problem solving.As it calms the mind, allowing the hearts wisdom to come through.
Chalcedony is a common quartz they can be found in a few countries across Europe and the USA and New Zealand among others!! It can come in various colours from lavender to grey, white, tan, yellow, pink, red brown and blue. it is used to absorb negative energy and to harmonize the mind and body. The native Indians used this stone to nurture brotherhood and understanding and good will. Chalcedony can be used to help increase intuition and telepathy. It is a powerful cleanser and mothers often use this to increase their lactation when breast feeding. It helps to increase the mother child bond. It is said to help with gallbladder problems and spleen function and help eyesight and anyone suffering from poor memory. It is also great for the throat chakra and can help to cleanse the circulatory system.
Cherry Quartz is not really a crystal, however the colour is of value, as it promotes self love and acceptance, healing for the heart, and nurturing instincts. The slight red tinge brings passion and excitement, and instilling you with more energy.
This stone gets its name from the Greek, meaning "blood". It is a very powerful stabilizing stone which is brilliant for grounding our energy into the body, but it also does a whole lot more! Said to increase intuition and aid oxygen supply to the body. It is often found to be worn by men who wish to increase their energy. The Native Indians used to paint their faces with the ground down power of this stone to make them strong and invincible in battle. They would also place hematite into circles to look like the petals of flowers and then call them the Iron Rose.
This beautiful crystal has different flashes of colour going through it. Deeply powerful and only found in Canada a few hundred years ago. It is used for stimulating the imagination, but also to help you cut through all illusion to see the truth, whether that is a situation or person. Very good for meditation and for boosting your creative ideas. spectrolite is a blue semi transparent version of this found in Finland. Great for helping you clarify your dreams and goals.
Lemon Jade is used for the heart chakra to promote love and deeper the bond between couples. In China Jade is precious and is used for good luck prosperity and to attract love and harmonious unions. Used to help ease the kidneys, lungs, heart and stomach complaints. It is also used as protection from misfortunes and worm as an amulet.
Mother of Pearl is connected to the sea, and tides of emotions, the bond of motherhood, family and the sacred feminine. Used to increase your intuition and sensitivity it can bring clarity and calm to families.It can also bring calm to emotions and provide a "space" into which balance and acceptance find a place!. The variety of colours represents the changes in life and beauty itself.
Red Jasper is used with the root chakra to ground your energy, keeping your "rooted" and in the here and now. A great powerful stone that is deeply protective. It is one of the oldest crystals known! The Bible also mentions it quite a few times! Red jasper eases emotional distress and helps to regulate your energy. It brings a sense of calm and protection against negative places, situations, people and "left over" energy which may be hanging around. It’s a great stone to have around the home. Red jasper also brings self-esteem and personal independence. It comes in various colours, and is a great "general" stone to have.
This stone has been loved and used for thousands of years.The Egyptians loved it and used it as jewlery.It was also used as a protection amulet for the body and the home!
If a friend gives you this crystal, it can deepen your friendship, and bring harmony to your home. Great for the throat chakra, to help you speak your truth and stay in your integrity.But it can also be used on the solar plexus to help with stomach upset or cramps. It is said that the wearer of this stone must attune to the stones vibration rather than the other way round!! It contains anti-inflammatory and detoxifying effects. Also a great stone to increase abundance and fortune. It is also said to be great at increasing strength, alleviating rheumatism, gout, stomach problems, and viral infections.
This stone carries great wisdom from Spirit. Sit quietly with it and let any images, thoughts and feelings flow through you. Ask it a question and see how you are guided. | 2019-04-25T16:08:12Z | https://www.rainbowwisdom.com/crystal-magic/ |
The Polit Bureau of the CPI (M) expresses its profound grief at the passing away of Comrade Jyoti Basu, senior most leader of the Party and one of the tallest leaders of the Communist movement in India who was the Chief Minister of the Left Front government of West Bengal from 1977 to 2000. He was 95 years old.
Jyoti Basu became a Communist while studying law in Britain. He came in contact with the British Communist party. He joined the Communist Party of India on his return in 1940. He began working in the railway trade union movement and became an important functionary of the B.A. Railroad Workers Union and the All India Railway men's Federation. In 1946,he was elected to the Bengal legislative assembly from a railway constituency.
He was the Secretary of the provincial committee of the CPI from 1953 to 1961. He became a member of the Central Committee of the CPI in 1951. When the CPI (M) was formed he became one of the founder Polit Bureau and Central Committee members, positions he continued in, till his death. He played a significant role in developing the CPI (M) in West Bengal along with Promode Dasgupta. Jyoti Basu made his mark as the leader of the opposition in the assembly between 1957 and l967. He was twice Deputy Chief Minister in the United Front governments between 1967 and 1970. His role in the government in supporting the struggle for implementation of land reforms and in not allowing the police to be used against workers and peasants' struggles was notable.
Jyoti Basu belonged to the leadership of the CPI M) which steered the Party through the difficult days of semi-fascist terror in West Bengal in the early seventies. After the sweeping victory of the Left Front in 1977, Jyoti Basu became the Chief Minister of the Left Front government, a position he held continuously for more than 23 years, a record in the country. Under his leadership, the Left Front government embarked on land reforms on a scale unprecedented in the country; it instituted a panchayati raj system which was radical for its times, which gave the poor peasants and small farmers a say in running the panchayati institutions. West Bengal became an oasis of communal harmony and secular values under his leadership. One has to recall how as Chief Minister he dealt with the situation after the assassination of Indira Gandhi in 1984 when violence against Sikhs broke out in various parts of the country, but nothing was allowed to happen in West Bengal. Similarly he dealt firmly with efforts to instigate trouble after the demolition of the Babri Masjid in 1992.
Jyoti Basu was a Marxist who never wavered in his convictions. After the fall of the Soviet Union and the setbacks to socialism, he provided the leadership along with his colleagues in the Polit Bureau to make a reappraisal of the experience of building socialism and to pinpoint the errors and to correct wrong notions and understandings while remaining true to Marxism-Leninism. He was a Marxist who was not dogmatic and continued to learn from his vast experience in charting out the course for the Party.
The Polit Bureau salutes the memory of our beloved departed comrade. We pledge to carry forward his cause and work. We convey our heartfelt condolences to his son, Chandan Basu, granddaughters and other family members.
It is a fact that comrade Jyoti Basu was aged, but still it is very difficult to feel that he is no more with us. Jyoti Basu was one of the greatest leaders of the communist movement of the first era in our country. From the mid of 40’s till 2009, almost about 7 decades he was the outstanding leader of the communist movement, Democratic and Secular movement and struggle in Bengal and in India.
Personally in 1958, when I got the party membership, the red card I received had a signature of Jyoti Basu because he was the Secretary of the state party. Before being the party member, I had listen to many of his speeches, often I felt that he, without concluding his sentence of the speech has started speaking of a new topic, but it was not difficult for the people to understand the message of the speech. He had this unique quality of presenting his speech to make people understand which all did not have. Again as an administrator Jyoti Basu was very efficient. We have witnessed his efficiency in his work during the United Front in1967 and in 1969. Even when he was the leader of the opposition, still we have seen that he had sharply put forward the demands of the people strongly and in principle manner within the Assembly and outside, in presence of the mass rally. As a political leader since he had this unique qualities, he was an acceptable leader to the people and all left parties.
In the year 1977, he performed a significant role accompanied with Com. Promod Dasgupta in forming the Left Front. Again, after 1977 in formation of the left Front Government, Com. Promod Dasgupta and Com. Jyoti Basu in a joint statement strongly appealed that it is not desirable of the Communist and Leftist to take revenge of any repression and tortured on mass movement and attack on the communist under the leadership of the Congress party. For the interest of the people of the state and to strengthen the economy of India he had submitted many proposals. During the tenure of his Chief Ministorship he introduced Land reforms, Panchayati Raj system and played a vital role against the Landlords in protecting the interest of the landless farmers. In this way he brought a new wave in village economy. In demand of reinstating the center state relation and in implementing the Federal structure of the Constitution, he had organized many times different state Chief Ministers’ conference, with a view to build up a public opinion all over India for appropriate solution of the issues.
He called for the movement to establish in the state, the Salt Lake Electronic Complex, Bakreswar Thermal Power Plant, Haldia Petro-Chemical Industry and fought for to materialize the Industries. Introducing a new industrial policy in 1994, for the expansion of industry in West Bengal he conveyed the message to the Industrialists that West Bengal is an ideal sate for industries. Therefore, Jyoti Basu consistently worked in creating opportunity of employment for the unemployed youths of the state. He also took unprecedented initiative to attract the investors from India and outside to invest in the Industries. At the same time, he struggled uncompromisingly against the Communal and Fundamental forces to keep the state and the people free from it.
From the beginning of his political activities Jyoti Basu struggled for the cause of the working people specially keeping in touch with the railway workers employees organization, and from this Railway Constituency Jyoti Basu was elected in the Bengal Assembly in 1946 and participated directly in the parliamentary politics till the year 2000.
Jyoti Basu had the power of attracting people from all the sections of the society. The West Bengal and India has lost an abled politician like Jyoti Basu, who was in the true sense a rare visionary, a leader of the people.
The colossus of the Indian communist movement, the last of the navratnas who comprised the first Polit Bureau of the CPI(M), our beloved leader Comrade Jyoti Basu is no more. He fought till the end, once again bowing to the demands of those around him—don’t give up Comrade, we need you. But at the end the mighty heart stood still. His diminutive figure was deceptive. It concealed an iron constitution and an even stronger will. The doctors were amazed at his resilience. A year ago he was diagnosed as having a brain hemorrhage, consequent to a fall he had suffered, though he was fully conscious. The panel of doctors were divided in their opinion of what should be done, with some advocating a brain surgery. His son Chandan and long time personal assistant Joy Ghosh were against a surgery. It was difficult to decide. At that time Comrades Biman Basu and Buddhadeb Bhattacharya felt it was best to consult Com. Jyoti Basu himself. It was an absolutely amazing experience for me. Com. Jyoti Basu had already prepared himself for the “meeting.” He was sitting up in a chair in his hospital room and asked for the logic behind both the opinions. He heard both sides patiently asked some questions then fell silent for a minute. We were all tense but not Comrade Jyoti Basu. In a most matter of fact way he said I would prefer to avoid surgery now. It was accepted and that was the end of the debate. One of the doctors later told me “I have never seen a patient like him, so detached even when it concerns such a problem that would have made the strongest of men nervous.” As it happens it was absolutely the right decision because during the current phase of illness when the doctors had a series of tests in the hospital it was found that the entire pool of blood in his brain had been absorbed. He bore his deteriorating health problems with a sense of dignity and will power even though we could see that he was suffering. Even when he was ill and unable to come to meetings, his wise counsel and guidance were always there for the Party, for his comrades. The doctors, nurses and medical staff in the hospital tried hard to keep away the dark shadow hovering at the door. But the inevitable came to pass. In his death the country has lost one of its greatest sons, a man who was born into privilege, who turned his back on it, to fight the fight of the dispossessed.
His was a unique role and he set many precedents. Seventy years in public life in the service of the people; a trade union leader who won his first election from the railway workers constituency and continued to be elected, serving in the Bengal Assembly for five decades, interrupted only because of the rigged elections in 1971 and the Emergency; a parliamentarian who used his brilliant skills to raise the voice of the people and later as head of Government, to forge alternative policies; a leader who faced several death threats but who never flinched when the bullets flew at him showing exemplary personal courage; a popular leader who insisted on stepping down from the CMs post in spite of the unanimous appeal of his comrades not do so, because he believed that his health did not permit him to work as he would like to; his acceptance of the decision of the Central Committee in 1996 to decline the offer of the Prime Minister’s post. On his return to Kolkata, when he was asked repeatedly about his personal reaction, he only replied “I am a disciplined soldier of the Party.” That too was unique. He deeply respected and set the highest example of maintaining communist norms. The greatness of Jyoti Basu also lay in his absolute lack of rancour against individuals who may have differed with him politically. He spoke his mind and expected others to do so too. He was extremely democratic and though his towering personality could have silenced any differences if he had wanted to, he never imposed his will but always went by the collective. He taught us the meaning of discipline. He set an example by coming every day without fail to the Party office before going on to fulfil his heavy responsibilities as Chief Minister? Once when he felt that I had acted in an individualist manner he called me and said however important you think your point is, never forget that no individual is above the party, you must always abide by the collective decision of the Party.
The higher his stature grew impacting on national politics as the longest serving Chief Minister in the country and the one with the most impeccable record of integrity, the sharper his unerring instinct and understanding of the grass roots and the pulse of the people. In contrast to the perceived image of “being aloof” he was closest to the thoughts of the people. He was inspirational in his unswerving commitment to the interests of the working class and the poor. A true communist, he cared deeply for people and was loved by them in return. He never cared for the trappings of power and that is why people identified with him. They believed that wherever he was he would be doing the right thing for them. Recently at Howrah station I was surrounded by a group of railway porters who expressed concern about his health. When I said he was better they expressed relief “Jug jug jiyo Jyoti Basu, he is our man.’ In Bengal and all over the country there will be numerous workers and the poor in the villages who grieve today the passing of a man who lived his life to create a world more just for them. For them Jyoti Basu was always “our man,” they knew that wherever he was their interests were uppermost in his mind.
They trusted him because Jyoti Basu always spoke the truth to the people. He never exaggerated what he could do for them, he always pointed out the pitfalls. At a time when melodrama and hyperbolic promises mark the political scenario, Jyoti Basu’s quality of being absolutely straightforward in what he said to the people in the hundreds and thousands of meetings he addressed in his life was uncommon. I was once told a story about one of his meetings. He was addressing a meeting of youth in a basti in Kolkata. The meeting was about the American war against Vietnam. He found a lot of people holding their noses because of a terrible stench in the area which was caused by the corpse of a dead animal. Without batting an eye lid JB took the mike and reportedly said “Before talking about the American attack on Vietnam I will speak about the attack on our senses by this dead dog and request our young friends to remove it .If we can’t deal with a dead dog, who will believe that we can fight the Americans!” The audience laughed, the dog was promptly removed and a lesson learnt, if you talk in the air without a link with what is on the ground, you will get not only closed noses but closed ears. I asked Com Jyoti Basu if this story was true but he only smiled and said speak to the people, not above them. He had the most emancipated outlook, the very epitome of anti-feudalism. His strong reactions against violence against women, his encouragement to building up women’s movements in resistance were evident to all women comrades in the Party. They looked to Jyoti Basu for support and he gave it unstintingly. I remember in the early 1980s eighties when we were in the midst of an anti-dowry campaign in Delhi there was some criticism based on the understanding that dowry would remain as long as capitalism did, so struggles were futile. EMS and Jyoti Basu were in Delhi at the time and some of us had gone to the central party office. He called us and warmly congratulated us. When we told him of the doubts being raised he laughed and said, tell the same comrades then that there is no use fighting at all since in spite of all their struggles capitalism still remains! He took the initiative to move a resolution in the West Bengal Assembly in support of the Women’s Reservation Bill and within the Party he always urged his comrades to bring more women into the party and to give them more responsibilities.
For many comrades in different parts of the country his absence is a very deep personal loss. We always felt much more confident when we had shared a problem with him and heard his advice. He was a guardian, a pillar of strength, a beloved leader.
In the stormy years between 1967 and 1970 under the leadership of Jyoti Basu and Promode Dasgupta the party in Bengal first came to power. Jyoti Basu became Deputy Chief Minister. It was also the period of the naxalite movement. In far away London, where I was at that time, the echoes of the struggles could be heard among the heated discussions among Indian students. The CPI(M) was referred to as Jyoti Basu’s party and there were two opposing camps, those belonging to Jyoti Basu’s party and the rest. I remember writing in my diary how proud I felt to belong to his side! I met Comrade Jyoti Basu at the end of 1970 in the Lake Place residence of veteran communist leader Muzaffar Ahmed. I happened to be there when Com Jyoti Basu came and I was introduced to him. During the semi-fascist terror in Bengal in the early seventies I got a message that Com Jyoti Basu wanted to see me. He asked me to arrange for some people to meet him. Since then he used to keep a watchful tab on what I was doing. After the emergency was declared and I was shifting to Delhi Com. Jyoti Basu called me and said “Your father is very worried about you. I have reassured him. I told him that your daughter is now with us and we are going to look after her.” So many numerous comrades, women comrades in particular benefited from his support and encouragement. I was deeply privileged as were others, to have had his affection and encouragement.
Jyoti Basu in his reach to the world went far beyond the party he built and loved. He not only touched the lives of millions but by his pioneering leadership he changed their lives giving the poor confidence and dignity. He has left us grieving and bereft, because there never ever will be a person like him again.
We are deeply saddened by the death of our revered leader Jyoti Basu. Known as living legend, he was respected by all sections of the people both home and abroad. He had been at the forefront of the communist movement since the beginning of the 1940. He played a very significant role in organizing the left and democratic movement all over the country. His role in the formation of the Left Front Government in West Bengal is well known. He led the Left Front Government for consecutive five terms. He was our guardian. In his death the country has lost a great leader and the left and democratic movement in the country has received a severe blow. He will be ever remembered for his contribution to the country. | 2019-04-25T04:55:44Z | http://www.jyotibasu.net/?q=node/283 |
Then God spoke all these words: I am the Lord your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of slavery; you shall have no other gods before me.
When all the people witnessed the thunder and lightning, the sound of the trumpet, and the mountain smoking, they were afraid and trembled and stood at a distance, and said to Moses, “You speak to us, and we will listen; but do not let God speak to us, or we will die.” Moses said to the people, “Do not be afraid; for God has come only to test you and to put the fear of him upon you so that you do not sin.
Many have put their particular spins on the Christian faith, claiming it as either a Come and See or a Go and Tell kind of model. In truth it has probably been both of these and more from the time of Jesus and over the centuries. Jesus had a Come and See ministry as He called His disciples, but for those He healed and worked miracles upon, it was much more of a Go and Tell ministry. The common thread that runs between both kinds of ministry is the power and character that God imparts to us.
God works through all things to change our lives and redeem the world around us. Two particular means stand out consistently behind much of this work though: God’s Spirit and the Law – God’s Word. These two interact together in a powerful way as the person of Jesus Christ, but throughout the Bible, God’s Word has the effect, not of suggesting how things should be, but by calling things into existence. God’s Law is not like government law. It is more like the laws of Gravity or Thermodynamics. They describe the way the universe works and how we can best live in it.
The Law is a guide to order in our Christian life and in our Christian community. It shapes our behavior and shapes the activities and attitudes of our gatherings. While innovation and even spontaneity can be helpful and life-giving at times, we cannot live in a world that does not have order and we get lost and confused if we cannot establish and understand some basic expectations.
Over time, the Law leads to consistency. Patterns develop when things are repeated, and our understanding of how to participate is limited by the consistency of the activities. If we want people to Come and See, we need to show them what to watch for and how to take part themselves.
As we are brought together under God’s order, the Law that helps us be greater than ourselves. It is not randomness that calls us to greatness, but an order greater than our own ambitions and desires. We grow into the people God created us to be by Coming to Him and Seeing the plans He has set before us. Then, Empowered by His Spirit, we begin to live according to those plans.
That same Law that leads us into an ever deepening relationship with God leads us out to Go and Tell the world. Because it is a Law of Love, we are made to go and share the very grace that we have received. If we are to follow the Law of God, we cannot sit still and remain silent. We must Go and Tell.
But how will we know where to go and what to say? The Law gives us guidance there as well. There is not a point where God’s Word hands us off to God’s Spirit, never to touch us again. Both work continually in us, in partnership, to grow and move us. That which one speaks, the other echoes.
How is the Law of God, leading and guiding your spiritual growth today?
For six years you shall sow your land and gather in its yield; but the seventh year you shall let it rest and lie fallow, so that the poor of your people may eat; and what they leave the wild animals may eat. You shall do the same with your vineyard, and with your olive orchard.
Six days you shall do your work, but on the seventh day you shall rest, so that your ox and your donkey may have relief, and your homeborn slave and the resident alien may be refreshed. Be attentive to all that I have said to you. Do not invoke the names of other gods; do not let them be heard on your lips.
It should have been a dead giveaway that something was off in the spiritual life of the Israelites when they hired “Temple Police”. It reflected a lack of faith in God’s authority and a desire to protect the Jewish leader’s own authority instead. God established a tribe of priests who would oversee and regulate worship in perpetuity, but moving from priests to police was beyond the established Law. It may have even been at the request of Rome.
Either way, I think is true that a movement of God does not need police. Not that we don’t need police, or that police are bad. Simply that those tasked with the spiritual transformation of the world, sharing God’s grace with all people, should not require that kind of protection. We certainly face danger. Our chief protector is God though, not man. Walking into danger without protection is consistently shown as a sign of faith in God and a means of witnessing to the world around us in the Scriptures – both Old and New Testaments.
That doesn’t mean we should throw our lives away foolishly. It means that“Those who live by the sword, die by the sword”, and if we put our faith in our weapons or warriors, we will be sorely disappointed. It truly becomes a form of idolatry if we let it outweigh our trust in God. Instead, those who live by faith, walk by faith, not by sight, which certainly includes the physical protection we can see.
God gave the Hebrew people a gift in the Sabbath command. It was not solely a means of setting His people apart from the rest of the world. It was not intended as a screen to filter out the chosen from the leftovers. It was not designed to be a threat, keeping Israel sheltered or brainwashed into worshipping Him. It as truly meant to be a gift.
Honoring the Sabbath, practicing… doing sabbath is not a passive act. It is a series of varied activities that remind and reconnect us with God. God is the source of our life, and without that connection we fail, fall, and ultimately die. Sabbath is not about separating us. It is about keeping us alive so that we can share that life with the world dying around us.
God created us to grow upward and outward, onward, forward, even down and deep, but He did not call us to grow so inward that nothing could get through to us.
What restores you so that your mind, body, and spirit?
What do you need today so that you can carry your faith out into the world as a gift to it, instead of trying to change, correct, or police those around you?
Three times in the year you shall hold a festival for me. You shall observe the festival of unleavened bread; as I commanded you, you shall eat unleavened bread for seven days at the appointed time in the month of Abib, for in it you came out of Egypt.
You shall not offer the blood of my sacrifice with anything leavened, or let the fat of my festival remain until the morning.
The choicest of the first fruits of your ground you shall bring into the house of the Lord your God.
You shall not boil a kid in its mother’s milk.
Beware of the dogs, beware of the evil workers, beware of those who mutilate the flesh! For it is we who are the circumcision, who worship in the Spirit of God and boast in Christ Jesus and have no confidence in the flesh— even though I, too, have reason for confidence in the flesh.
Context really throws us for a loop when it comes to understanding the sacrifices God commanded in the Old Testament. Our retroperspective, reading backwards into that time and place, is completely colored by consumerism, animal rights, humanism, the industrial revolution, and a market society. All of these things were nonexistent in the time of Moses, and most of the millennia in which the entire Bible was written. They are new things that we try to look for to connect with in the scriptures, often leading us to see shapes in the shadows that are not real and are not there, like the men inside Plato’s cave.
So What was the purpose of all those sacrifices in the Old Testament anyway?
The sacrifices, as set out in the books of Exodus and Leviticus were set around functional events (such as when a person was sick and had been healed, or when a person realized they had sinned), and around seasonal times of reflection and celebration. Those seasonal celebrations were set to retell the story of the people’s relationship with God, beginning with Passover, their day of atonement and deliverance from slavery and Egypt. The next series of celebrations followed both their story getting to the Promised Land as well as their agricultural seasons.
These celebrations served the dual purposes of bringing the community together and reinforcing the story that their community was based upon and the values that God was instilling within them. As any ruler knows, there is a certain amount of taxation that is necessary to remind people that their leadership has value. It is not an act of cruelty. It is a fact of human existence that if we are not asked to give anything, we begin to love the giver more than the gift. We begin to become entitled. Offering up meaningful and valuable sacrifices created a bond between God and His people. Most ancient religions were very similar. Perhaps the biggest difference was that God regulated those sacrifices so that all people, rich and poor, could participate, while keeping them from going too far, sacrificing too much, such as one another or their children. God gave them clearer boundaries that helped them keep their community identity centered around Him without allowing it to fall into fanaticism.
Today, we rarely practice sacrificial rituals, at least in an agricultural sense. We have many traditions though, and the bigger the effort involved, the more sacred the tradition typically becomes. First birthdays are a big deal. Fifty-first birthdays… not so much. First weddings are a big deal. Fifth weddings… not near as much. There are small but sacred traditions practiced by military families when their soldier family members ship out, as well as when they return, that those who have not ever offered up their spouses and children to the military sacrificially will never understand.
God’s ultimate purpose is not to prevent us from celebrating, nor to control our celebrations. Instead He wants to infuse our lives an give us something good that is really worth celebrating. He wants our joy to shine forth from us in such a way that the world stands up and takes notice of us and the God we are thanking in our celebrations. He wants the world to hear about and see His work in us.
What do you have to celebrate this week?
What role does God have in your celebration?
You shall not spread a false report. You shall not join hands with the wicked to act as a malicious witness. You shall not follow a majority in wrongdoing; when you bear witness in a lawsuit, you shall not side with the majority so as to pervert justice; nor shall you be partial to the poor in a lawsuit.
When you come upon your enemy’s ox or donkey going astray, you shall bring it back.
When you see the donkey of one who hates you lying under its burden and you would hold back from setting it free, you must help to set it free.
You shall not pervert the justice due to your poor in their lawsuits. Keep far from a false charge, and do not kill the innocent and those in the right, for I will not acquit the guilty. You shall take no bribe, for a bribe blinds the officials, and subverts the cause of those who are in the right.
If with Christ you died to the elemental spirits of the universe, why do you live as if you still belonged to the world? Why do you submit to regulations, “Do not handle, Do not taste, Do not touch”? All these regulations refer to things that perish with use; they are simply human commands and teachings. These have indeed an appearance of wisdom in promoting self-imposed piety, humility, and severe treatment of the body, but they are of no value in checking self-indulgence.
God gives every team a naysayer. It is what separates us from the lemmings.
Naysayers keep us from marching off cliffs when we get passionate about the direction we are going. At their best, they also act like bumpers in the bowling lane or guard rails that keep us moving in the right direction by preventing us from getting off course. They are made to be not only guardians of the faith1, but guardians of the mission.
People are not born naysayers. We are created by being put in groups where we feel like an outsider while everyone else seems to want to move quickly. It’s a reaction to feeling out of control. In a group, we naysayers often function as the voice that calls everyone back to unity, precisely because we feel out of place ourselves. If we let our feelings of discomfort drive us instead of guide us, we can shift from being naysayers to becoming full stumbling-blocks.
What good can come from Nazareth?
Our criticism for personal reasons show our lack of faith and hope, not only for the group, but for the mission as well. Since we are not part of the solution, we become or continue to be part of the problem. Where there is no hope, we can expect non responsible leadership.
It is difficult for us to handle sometimes because the reality is that most change happens incrementally, not instantaneously. Those who become stumbling-blocks for personal reasons are often not the guardian types who can say that they do not feel comfortable with the direction the group is going. These stumbling-blocks are idealists who, comfort aside, do not see the group following their own agendas.
Paul and Moses, and every other leader has dealt with stumbling-blocks, perhaps even been one themselves. There is hope for those of us who find ourselves in that precarious position though.
Real teamwork is about doing the right thing, not the easy thing. At it’s best, criticism is used to sharpen the group as a whole, helping them to be better. It is meant to be a tool of encouragement, not discouragement. As we use constructive criticism to prune our growth, we grow even more, and the body is built up and made stronger. Instead of being stumbling-blocks, we become stepping stones, lifting others up higher as we help them grow.
Who are you lifting up?
How is this criticism helping fulfill the mission?
On the morning of the third day there was thunder and lightning, as well as a thick cloud on the mountain, and a blast of a trumpet so loud that all the people who were in the camp trembled. Moses brought the people out of the camp to meet God. They took their stand at the foot of the mountain. Now Mount Sinai was wrapped in smoke, because the Lord had descended upon it in fire; the smoke went up like the smoke of a kiln, while the whole mountain shook violently. As the blast of the trumpet grew louder and louder, Moses would speak and God would answer him in thunder. When the Lord descended upon Mount Sinai, to the top of the mountain, the Lord summoned Moses to the top of the mountain, and Moses went up. Then the Lord said to Moses, “Go down and warn the people not to break through to the Lord to look; otherwise many of them will perish. Even the priests who approach the Lord must consecrate themselves or the Lord will break out against them.” Moses said to the Lord, “The people are not permitted to come up to Mount Sinai; for you yourself warned us, saying, ‘Set limits around the mountain and keep it holy.’ ” The Lord said to him, “Go down, and come up bringing Aaron with you; but do not let either the priests or the people break through to come up to the Lord; otherwise he will break out against them.” So Moses went down to the people and told them.
And just then some people were carrying a paralyzed man lying on a bed. When Jesus saw their faith, he said to the paralytic, “Take heart, son; your sins are forgiven.” Then some of the scribes said to themselves, “This man is blaspheming.” But Jesus, perceiving their thoughts, said, “Why do you think evil in your hearts? For which is easier, to say, ‘Your sins are forgiven,’ or to say, ‘Stand up and walk’? But so that you may know that the Son of Man has authority on earth to forgive sins”—he then said to the paralytic—“Stand up, take your bed and go to your home.” And he stood up and went to his home. When the crowds saw it, they were filled with awe, and they glorified God, who had given such authority to human beings.
Consecration is a church word that goes back thousands of years to the time of Moses, and perhaps even earlier. It is the ritualistic separation of people or things for the purpose of spiritual and/or religious work. It is something archeologists would appreciate as they study the ancient objects of worship. Nowadays, we have a bit less appreciation for religious anything in our increasingly secular world.
I think perhaps a better analogy would be for autographed items. If you have a baseball autographed by Babe Ruth, you are not going to use it to play a pickup game in your backyard. If you have a guitar autographed by Eric Clapton, you are not going to play around the fire on a camping trip. An autograph changes both the value and purpose of such items.
To be consecrated is like being signed by God. While God did consecrate certain religious items in the Old Testament, His focus has always been on consecrating people. He doesn’t sign bibles, He signs His name on us. When God signs us, our value goes up drastically. Not only are we a human being, we become a child of God. Our purpose changes too. We are no longer made to live common lives. We are “set apart” for the special works that God has for us. The way we live everyday takes on more meaning.
But this new life doesn’t automatically happen. We can choose to live ordinary lives, or even less dignified lives if we want, just as we can take those priceless, autographed items and toss them around like cracker-jack prizes. Doing so is incredibly foolish, but part of the gift God gives us by choosing us, is in giving us the choice to choose how we will live. We can live up to our new worth in His name, or we can go on living as though we were never chosen by Him at all. God give us the gift of new, abundant life… but we have to choose to stand up and walk with it.
What do you think your value is?
How has God changed your value?
What difference does that make in the choices you have to make today?
So Moses listened to his father-in-law and did all that he had said. Moses chose able men from all Israel and appointed them as heads over the people, as officers over thousands, hundreds, fifties, and tens. And they judged the people at all times; hard cases they brought to Moses, but any minor case they decided themselves. Then Moses let his father-in-law depart, and he went off to his own country.
Yes, and I will continue to rejoice, for I know that through your prayers and the help of the Spirit of Jesus Christ this will turn out for my deliverance. It is my eager expectation and hope that I will not be put to shame in any way, but that by my speaking with all boldness, Christ will be exalted now as always in my body, whether by life or by death. For to me, living is Christ and dying is gain.
Most people today are not taught to trust. Instead they are taught to look out for themselves. In some pockets of the world, they are taught to believe that nameless, faceless governmental bodies will give them an allowance, but because they remain nameless and faceless, it is not really trust. We only know how to use others to get by.
That is the main difference between good team leaders and micromanaging supervisors. They can set up the same meetings, assign the same duties, even use the same evaluation processes. In the end, one type of leader invests in the people themselves, while the other simply moves them around to get a job done. One teaches trust. The other teaches distrust.
Micromanager is the derogatory term for someone who has trouble giving up control to others. One place I am a micromanager is in teaching beginner piano lessons. It might seem kinder to let my students (elementary and middle school children) just do their best and congratulate them on their efforts without being critical of their performance. However, I know from personal experience, that mistakes that go uncorrected become habits over time, and those habits actually hold you back from being able to play well later on in your development. In places where skill is low, leaders need to pay more attention to detail – not for the sake of the performance, but for the sake of developing those who work with them.
However, if the values and overall mission are not communicated because we spend too much time fussing over the details, those who work with us will become frustrated easily and not have any motivation or understanding of the value of their work. Some details we have to let go, for the sake of moving forward. It’s not just a balancing act, it is making sure we are using our various leadership tools for intentional purposes, instead of just defaulting to whatever bad habits we may have become comfortable ourselves.
Moses learned not to micromanage from Jethro, his father-in-law, and from his own personal frustration leading Israel. Paul, was not given the chance to micromanage. He was run out of most of the cities he planted churches in. His only means of communicating with those churches was through letter correspondence sent from his prison cells through his visitors. Paul not only had to trust the people he chose to lead after him, he had to learn to trust God to work through those he did not choose and had no control over.
The truth at the heart of this struggle is that we are never completely in control, but God is. It may not be easy or natural to relinquish control of the very things we are responsible for. It is the paradox of being responsible while relinquishing control. Or is it a paradox after all?
What are your top responsibilities?
What do you struggle most to give up control over?
Jethro, the priest of Midian, Moses’ father-in-law, heard of all that God had done for Moses and for his people Israel, how the Lord had brought Israel out of Egypt. After Moses had sent away his wife Zipporah, his father-in-law Jethro took her back, along with her two sons. The name of the one was Gershom (for he said, “I have been an alien in a foreign land”), and the name of the other, Eliezer (for he said, “The God of my father was my help, and delivered me from the sword of Pharaoh”). Jethro, Moses’ father-in-law, came into the wilderness where Moses was encamped at the mountain of God, bringing Moses’ sons and wife to him. He sent word to Moses, “I, your father-in-law Jethro, am coming to you, with your wife and her two sons.” Moses went out to meet his father-in-law; he bowed down and kissed him; each asked after the other’s welfare, and they went into the tent. Then Moses told his father-in-law all that the Lord had done to Pharaoh and to the Egyptians for Israel’s sake, all the hardship that had beset them on the way, and how the Lord had delivered them. Jethro rejoiced for all the good that the Lord had done to Israel, in delivering them from the Egyptians.
Jethro said, “Blessed be the Lord, who has delivered you from the Egyptians and from Pharaoh. Now I know that the Lord is greater than all gods, because he delivered the people from the Egyptians, when they dealt arrogantly with them.” And Jethro, Moses’ father-in-law, brought a burnt offering and sacrifices to God; and Aaron came with all the elders of Israel to eat bread with Moses’ father-in-law in the presence of God.
I want you to know, beloved, that what has happened to me has actually helped to spread the gospel, so that it has become known throughout the whole imperial guard and to everyone else that my imprisonment is for Christ; and most of the brothers and sisters, having been made confident in the Lord by my imprisonment, dare to speak the word with greater boldness and without fear.
Who do you want on your team?
There is a lot of talk about diversity in the media. In the past, it has been eluded to in the form of organizational status. Those companies with more diverse leadership are seen as being “progressive”, implying that they will soon rise to become the elite groups of tomorrow. Lately it has often appeared in the negative form of “racism”. In our polarized culture, I think it is important to look at some of the basic truths of forming groups and raising up leaders.
We choose our groups either actively through recruitment or passively through our choice to participate or not.
The kind of diversity in our group is influenced by us. Everyone shares the credit or blame. There have been many groups that I could have added my own diversity to, but instead I chose to turn down the invitation, or avoid their attention altogether. We influence others by our absence as much as by our attendance.
Diversity is helpful within a group.
The old story of the blind men observing an elephant held an almost sacred status during the birth of post-modernism because it taught us the value of multiple perspectives in a world that was growing smaller and more global by the minute. That was partly true, although this unity was being drawn around by drawing broader divisions between progressive vs non-progressive groups. East vs. West. Iraq vs USA. Afghanistan vs USA. Iran, Syria, China, Russia, North Korea vs. USA and whatever “progressive” allies we can make among the European nations, and today, some of the less extreme Eastern nations as well. The underlying truth remains, that “two heads are better than one”, so diversity is still an important factor in teams and leadership, but it may not be as simple as greater diversity = greater teams.
Greater Diversity = Greater Division.
It is a simple fact that the more people you get together, the more personal agendas you adopt into the group. Most segregation occurs unconsciously on the assumption that someone who looks like me will think and feel like me as well. (Although that is not necessarily the case!) The flip side to “two heads are better than one” is the old adage of “too many cooks in the kitchen”.
It is a balancing act between keeping a broad perspective and having a focus on mission. Moses did not go seeking out non-Hebrews to lead the new nation, but when his father-in-law Jethro, a pagan priest, came recognizing the superiority of the God of Moses, Moses saw an opportunity to bring in some important insight. He knew the wilderness. He knew the neighbors. Being a priest, he knew people as well, and how to lead them… a skill that would quickly come to be useful for Moses.
Paul’s prayer to the Philippians may not exactly look like a prayer for diversity. However, Paul was teaching them to see God working in all places. That is one of the best ways we have of maintaining that balance between diverse perspective and mission focus. We let God lead us and remain open to His ability to work ini and through every person and situation.
Where have you experienced the benefits of diversity?
Where have you experienced the challenges of diversity?
Where do you see God working now? | 2019-04-22T10:05:47Z | https://myabishai.blog/tag/working-from-the-center/ |
It’s been a bit of a quiet time after all the excitement. A group of us are helping to put everything back and to get everything organised for finishing our project.
We all feel that we have all gained so much from being a part of this , it’s been a once in a lifetime experience and we all have benefitted so much.
I have been helping some mums and their children who are at the local school to talk with them about how we all got involved in the central ward heritage project. The children were genuinely interested and said that it sounded like such a good idea. I think I helped them to think about heritage in a more interesting way.
The Exhibition has been moved to the Library and we all went down to help set up the posters and the booklets. The library lady told us that many people have been in to look at the exhibition and that there has been a lot of interest.
The project booklet looks really good. We feel really proud of being part of making that booklet, all of us are really feeling a sense of achievement.
The Exhibition has been really well received we have had a few enquiries about how we all came up with the ideas and it’s been good to talk about our involvement. We got a really nice photograph in the Newspaper about our launch.
I have volunteered to write up some comments and feed back from the residents about our project. I feel good that I can take on this responsibility.
It has been quite a different kind of week, following on from the launch of the exhibition we have all been discussing how everything went.
We have been having some group discussions to reflect on how the project has been running, what has worked and what has needed to be made right, All that information has been collected by the project workers and now we are having a sort of end of project discussion.
You know it feels really sad that the project is coming to an end!
Oh what a wonderful day. We had the launch today of our exhibition over 50 guests gathered in the market hall. The deputy Mayor and Mayoress came along and did the official ribbon cutting ceremony. The poem was read out and we also presented the embroidered plaque that we have been working on.
Everyone was pleased and impressed.
The annual event today was fantastic, although guess what we had snow again!! However we had over 170 people who came along and there was music and dance and we got to talk about the central ward heritage project.
Our launch had to be postponed because we had so much snow!!!
I could not believe it so disappointing. We all worked so hard to get everything ready. Some of us were going to say a few words and also help to welcome all the guests but alas it was not to be. We will try to rearrange the launch soon.
However I am busy with Aawaz annul event because we are going to put together a display about our project and we will be doing a small presentation about the project.
Wow today we all got together to have a look at our booklets that we all help produced!
We all felt so proud.
A few of us have been working with the project workers to produce a poem and we are going to do a recital of the poem at the launch of the exhibition.
We have also completed the hand embroidered plaque that we designed and have created.
Everything is ready for next week when we will be attending the launch with the Deputy Mayor and other important guests.
We are looking at evaluation of our project, considering what we have learned and how well have we managed to achieve what we have set out to do.
There were some very interesting conversations. All quite positive, because for many of us this has been a real learning experience. I would definitely look at history and heritage in a different light, not find it boring, Oh No this has been such an interesting project and I feel that I have been lucky to have had the opportunity to get involved.
We have finalised the little booklet that we are producing to accompany the exhibition and to share with everyone how all residents have worked together to participate in the heritage project.
The booklet is going to include some of the photographs that I have taken around the central ward. I am really excited and look forward to seeing the booklet printed.
It has been all go the past few weeks. I am so sorry we have been so busy that we did not get around to updating the blog!
The exhibition is finally ready and being put up in the market hall as we write this. The ideas came from all of us that having a washing line with clothing is so iconic. During all our interviews and discussions with the residents we heard how washing lines used to be hung up in the back streets. How the back streets were just as clean as the front of the streets.
We are so looking forward to the exhibition.
We are still learning and improving and putting plans together to collect information.
We are recording and saving interviews by using our learning from the training that we did with Prof Casson.
The history of the ward is very interesting and every session I attend it is so informative.
We are interview people who have attended Hyndburn Park School during 1960s, they mentioned about the school nursery, the infant and secondary school. You know it was quite a shock to find out that there was no school uniform during the period 1960-1970.
Never thought that going out to see things from olden days and present history could be that interesting.
Myself and a small group of ladies arranged to go out and walk around the central ward to take photographs for our project.
We took photographs of old buildings, some houses, the Mosque, and the Church.
We have collected lots of interesting photographs and we are also collecting historic pictures.
Had fantastic session at Aawaz this morning, with very artistic trainer Saba. I attended with about 20 other ladies to discuss ideas about our exhibition for the Central Ward heritage project.
Some of the ladies started to draw their “olden days memorable things”.
We talked about memories of living in Central Ward, and what they want to share.
It is good to see the ladies coming up with lots of ideas and sharing their special memories.
The last few weeks have been so busy we have been meeting lots of people, some have been enquiring about our project others are asking if we would like to talk with them about their experiences of living in the ward. Quite a few people have said they want to talk to us a small group and just want to share their memories they are not keen on being recorded on audio or video.
We are looking to see how we can now arrange those discussions.
I can only describe the recent weeks as putting practice into action!
After training and the full briefing session with project officers we are busy putting everything we have been learning by doing the practical.
I have to say we are all quietly excited as well!!
And this week it has been so hard trying to help out working alongside the project worker who is now tying up to record all the interview details. We had a meeting where we discussed how the interview should be recorded as a written record of the interview needs to made.
I didn’t realise how much hard work is involved in preserving the heritage.
We actually carried out the very first real life interview with a local resident. I accompanied the small group of us who went along to this resident’s house.
I watched and I paid attention to everything and it all went really well.
We were shown some old family photographs of this resident’s family. I felt very important and so much privileged to have been part of this experience.
We have been putting together another display to show what we have done so far. You know its amazing that our project only started in September 2016 and we have already found out so much information and facts about our ward.
We are starting to do the interviews with local residents and I really want to be involved so we are all practicing using the tape recorder and how to ask the questions. We all get a bit nervous when trying to phrase certain questions.
We have also attended training sessions about how to actively listen. it is important that when I interview someone I listen properly, concentrate and so I can then ask the most appropriate questions.
We have been planning for the community event that will take place beginning of July . This will involve lots of heritage activities. We are designing a heritage photo frame. The idea is that we are going to ask all visitors to a have photo taken with this frame.
The Mayor of Hyndburn is also coming along so it is with great excitement that we are working away.
I have also been to visit the Harris museum in Preston. A small group of us went down accompanied with the project workers and the volunteers. It was really interesting to see how history is preserved so well. The Harris is such a grand building with two floors of exhibits. we walked around taking our time and trying to understand everything. I have never been to Preston so this was quite an experience for me.
This week we all put together another presentation we compared old pictures with current ones. Looking at buildings, places and people.
It was nice to find our streets on the map.
We all enjoyed learning about the changes in Central Ward.
Another week when we have been searching history. Can’t believe most of the building in Central Ward were built hundreds of years ago.
We found out about When the first trams came to Accrington? How much it cost to build the tramway?
Trams first came to Accrington in 1886 and the building of the tramway cost £30,000 plus £15,000 for the engines and equipment. Working expenses were expected to be nine pence per mile; therefore an annual profit of £2,570 was predicted!
It was pointed out this week that whilst I had indicated that I will do a weekly blog, it has really been more of a fortnightly blog. I am sorry about that but you see there is so much that we are all doing on the heritage project that we all get caught up in the excitement. I will try my best to blog more often.
I have also had two people ring us at Aawaz from Leeds to say that they read my blogs and that they may consider doing a heritage project similar to ours in their own ward. I am so pleased that the word is spreading.
So this week we have been working again with the artist Saba to learnt how to take and save photos for our project.
It is an amazing experience to think that we are saving local and current history in pictures.
Myself and group of five other ladies with Artist Saba, all went on a photo walk. we went down to the streets, took photographs around the ward for our Central Ward heritage project.
Thank you so much to Aawaz for organising this wonderful training.
This week has been another very interesting week for us all. we have been down to the Library . We are learning more and more each time we visit. its not easy you know trying to look back at facts and figures over the past years.
Talking to our group six of the ladies all feel that they have become much more confident at taking on different tasks and also about talking to others about our project.
What a fantastic day we had at Aawaz. We met the artist who is going to be working with us on our project. Her name is Saba.
Saba organised a day’s training for us in leraning about the use of media.
I thought it was an amazing topic to learn. Many of us use watsapp and Facebook but we were not fully aware of how to make sure everything is safe. We had some very interesting discussions.
The interpreter lady explained everything in Urdu and Punjabi as well so it was good that everyone understood and could take part fully.
In the bygone days there was a nurse who used to come to your house for a Tuberculosis check, we were so surprised to hear that fact, I know this is not the case nowadays.
My friend found out that their house used to be a shop. The first mosque in Accrington was a little terraced house in Willows Lane.
Do you know every week we get to know something new, facts that we did not know before. I am really find each of our discussions, meetings, visits and the project so very interesting. I am really enjoying being part of this project.
We have started to collect information about those people who are interested in being interviewed. Our steering group met together and have devised a list of questions that we would like to include. Now we are practicing asking the questions.
I have also been practicing taking some notes in case we need to do that with some of the interviewees.
Whilst we are all looking forward to this interesting phase of our project, I have to admit we are all a little nervous as well.
This week we decided to take a look at “Health” we are keen to know more about what health facilities were available to the residents in Central Ward over the years and how things have changed and developed.
Were there any hospitals or health clinics in the Ward?
What procedure was there for emergency services and how that compares to what is available now?
We also looked at the common illness and diseases?
We talked about TB (tuberculosis), scarlet fever and pneumonia as these were very common in Central Ward and most of the participants knew someone who had suffered from these illnesses.
I learnt a lot especially about the diseases and illnesses, I had never heard of scarlet fever before.
How old were these houses?
We have also started to look at more in-depth questions such as Who first build these houses? Who were the first residents?
We were able to locate an old planning application for a house in Tremellen Street in the ward.
There were some pictures that we found from the bygone days, old archive photographs and newspaper cuttings from the central ward were also very interesting.
All in all a very good morning spent working in the Library.
I thought I should write about our Central ward Heritage steering Group. There are about 10 to 15 of us who are all really interested and about 6-8 of us who are now regular members of the steering group. We meet monthly and we discuss how the project is progressing.
We ask the project worker to present her report to us and we then look at how all the work meets with the action plan that we had put together.
I must say I found the first few meetings a bit daunting because I was nervous and felt shy. I didn’t want to speak too much but Aawaz manager and the project worker have been so good they have helped me and the other ladies to feel more confident and to learn how to present our questions, how to bring any points of discussions etc.
As a steering group of residents we have been looking at the residents of our ward, who has lived here the longest may be for past 25, 30 or 40 years or so. Theses residents we feel are best placed to participate in our project because they can give us information and views about how they think things have changed.
Central ward heritage training with Fiona Casson -What a training day at Aawaz. Myself and 12 others plus Aawaz team attended the training. We were all a little nervous but the trainer Fiona was so lovely and we had an interpreter who provided information in Urdu and Punjabi so everyone really understood everything that was said and discussed.
The trainer was amazing she really knew her stuff, I wish I can one day also stand up and present information confidently like her. We all thought her style of delivery style was brilliant. She engaged us all and made the day interesting, funny and informative.
We felt like sky news reporters. We interviewed one another with the latest tape recording equipment. The machine picks up every word spoken and everyone enjoyed listening and laughing with each other, looking at our individual interviewing techniques. This we feel is a taste of things to come.
We all agreed that it is not easy to interview someone. You have to think quickly and tailor your questions to meet the person’s circumstances, you have to listen very hard. Well a Reporter’s job is never done and we are all looking forward to get on with the interviews that are planned for in the coming few months.
Another fantastic and informative session. This time we discovered just how big the houses are in central ward. The houses in Willows Lane appeared quite small but in reality they are so big. The rooms are double sized and M Bibi said that you could happily seat a large family where as in newly built houses there is not much room.
Another resident commented that breakfast time used to be fun twenty five eggs for breakfast for three families who shared one home. There was much laughter and happiness. She says despites what may be seemingly cramped conditions it was such pleasure for the families living together.
Today in newly built modern homes it is hard to imagine three families living together. Let alone 25 eggs for a breakfast table!!
We discuss the different types and size of houses in Willows Lane, Steiner Street and Blackburn Road.
SM showed off to the class that she has three bathrooms.
SB said, she has one toilet outside and one bathroom inside.
Looking forward to learning and doing more.
Good session- we did a shopping trip down memory lane. We did not know that there were so many shops in Accrington, many of the shops the other residents have grown up with!
We have also started to look at Accrington Grammar school. I did not know that there used to be a grammar school in the ward. No there are some houses in its place. It makes me wonder what a shame that such a historic building was done away with and now there are some houses.
Myself and five other ladies, all local residents have decided to explore we are interested in looking at the history of Accrington Victoria Hospital.
When it was built and who actually built it?
We had a walk down to the hospital and looked at the old buildings (some of the building looks new but some is old buildings). It was good to look at the brick work, the style of the windows, the doors the roof panels. You know I had never really thought about all this technical detail. I mean you walk past a building and you know it’s there but not really thought beyond that. But what a lost opportunity if only I had someone like Aawaz talking with me about heritage then I would have paid more attention.
We have found out by doing some basic research that the hospital was built in 1899. So this hospital is over a hundred years old.
What a great topic, this week we have been looking at Accrington Grammar school.
I did not know that there used to be a Grammar school, in our ward, imagine that? We are really interested in finding out who were the young people who went to that school? What did they have as their lessons? And what was their weekly schedule? So many questions in my mind and our group has been talking about this and we have a long list of things that we would love to find out.
I had such an interesting time today at Aawaz. We looked the History of Accrington Town Hall.
This is such an epic building in the town.
We learned when the town hall was built and by whom? We talked about the purpose of building such a hall. We looked at the pictures of the old Accrington town hall and compared it to how it is today. What a difference between then and present day.
We are going to attend a workshop to learn how to take simple and clear photographs. I can’t wait because we will then have the chance to take the photographs ourselves.
Hello how are you all, you know prior to getting involved in the heritage project I never really thought about heritage and where I live. The facilitators are so good and their unique delivery makes it so interesting as well as giving me the opportunity to learn more about my neighbourhood. We have been looking at the houses in our streets how and when they were built and who first built them. We looked at a layout of a house in Steiner Street and noted that the bathroom was missing, instead there was an outside WC. There was also a coal shed outside. Imagine how it would have been in those days?
I am looking forward to the next few weeks we are going to go the local library and we are planning to do some research about who are the residents who have lived in the ward the longest amount of time.
Hello my name is BiBi. I am a resident of Central Ward. I and my friends are doing a project looking at the history and heritage of our ward. I got involved after attending information sessions that were run by Aawaz in our street where we heard what it means by heritage and we realised that we know nothing really about our street and then started to think about how exciting it would be to look back over the last 100 years.
So here I am. I am learning to use IT and along with two other residents we will do our best to share with you all about how we are doing and all the exciting details. Hope you will keep looking us up to read about our adventures!
My first group discussion with Aawaz and 8 other residents was quite a nerve wracking experience, but I enjoyed an interesting Heritage session at Accesspoint. There were many new things to learn. We had a lively multilingual discussion around the heritage project. We asked each other if we knew anything about the streets and the history of where we live. The project worker asked us why Steiner Street is called Steiner Street? You know I never thought about that! Someone talked about the connection between Platt Working Mens Club and Platt Industry. | 2019-04-22T05:02:53Z | https://www.aawaz.org.uk/projects/bibis-blog/ |
Good afternoon. After receiving further data and evaluating information available from the Persian Gulf, we believe that the cruiser U.S.S. Vincennes, while actively engaged with threatening Iranian surface units and protecting itself from what was concluded to be a hostile aircraft, shot down an Iranian airliner over the Strait of Hormuz.
The U.S. Government deeply regrets this incident.
A full investigation will be conducted, but it is our judgment that based on the information currently available, the local commanders have sufficient reasons to believe their units were in jeopardy and they fired in self-defense.
Subsequently, the Vincennes identified the Iranian firing units and closed to engage. The Iranian gunboats turned toward Vincennes at high speed and were engaged at 10:42 A.M. with gunfire from the cruiser and the frigate Elmer Montgomery.
While so involved, the Vincennes detected an aircraft over Iran at about 10:47 A.M., again, local time. This aircraft headed toward the Vincennes and commenced closing at high speed. The Vincennes immediately began assessing this new threat.
The suspect aircraft was outside the prescribed commercial air corridor. More importantly, the aircraft headed directly for Vincennes on a constant bearing at high speed, approximately 450 knots. A warning was sent on both military and civilian distress frequencies beginning at 10:49 A.M. This procedure was repeated several times, but the aircraft neither answered nor changed its course.
Given the threatening flight profile and the decreasing range, the aircraft was declared hostile at 10:51 A.M. local.
At 10:54 A.M., when the aircraft was about nine miles away, Vincennes fired two Standard surface-to-air missiles, at least one of which hit at an approximate range of six miles. Due to the limited visibility, the aircraft was not visually sighted until the missile impacted.
In understanding this incident, it is important to appreciate the total context in which our ships operate. The U.S. Government emphasized from the outset that committing military units to the Persian Gulf mission would involve risks and uncertainties. This conclusion has been reinforced by several incidents, for example the Bridgeton mining, the Stark tragedy and the Samuel B. Roberts mining.
In September 1987, as a result of the attack on the U.S.S. Stark and other incidents, the United States issued a notice to airmen, locally known as a NOTAM, which advised all aircraft in the Persian Gulf region that U.S. Navy ships were taking additional precautions, and of the need to identify themselves and to state their intentions.
Additionally, they were advised that failure to respond to requests for identification and intentions or to warnings and operating in a threatening manner could place the aircraft at risk by U.S. defensive measures.
As to the recent environment, we have alerted our forces to indications that Iranian units might attempt to carry out attacks against our forces over the July 4th holiday period.
Q. Admiral, has there been contact with the Iranian Government, and if not, is any planned?
A. There has not been direct contact, no. I think we will be awaiting the results of the SAR effort and any other indications.
Q. Have any orders been issued to change the mode of our operations in the gulf?
Q. Admiral, the Aegis cruiser is supposed to be one of the most sophisticated in the fleet in determining threat. How is it that it apparently misidentified this aircraft?
A. I'm a little confused by your statement. It is one of the most sophisticated ships we have and certainly the improvements made in Aegis weapon system have greatly amplified our capability, and I'm talking about the number of targets that we can track, the ranges that we can detect a target, the altitudes, and our ability to detect and classify emanations from an aircraft. But it has not solved all of our problems, and it does not defy the laws of physics. And one of the most difficult problems is from a radar blip, particularly from a head-on target, to identify the type of aircraft and so forth. I repeat for you, that the people in the command center, and the people operating the radar had about four minutes from the time they picked this target up until it was declared hostile. That alone is a severe constraint.
Q. But what lead them to believe that it was an F-14 echo?
A. Some other electronic information, which is classified, and I'm not willing to discuss. Did the Airliner Signal?
Q. Was the airliner squawking, as it should be, with its IFF [ identification friend or foe warning system ] ? Two, did the airliner have the right to be where it was? And what was your judgment? Was the skipper acting under the rules of engagement or was he a little bit impetuous here?
A. Let me do it in reverse order if I could, please. It is my judgment on the information that is available to us, that the commanding officer conducted himself with circumspection. And considering the information that was available to him, followed his authorities and acted with good judgment in a very trying period of time and under very trying circumstances. Let me repeat that not only was he following this aircraft, and was he concerned about it, he was engaged on the surface with Iranian units at the time. The aircraft was not in the air corridor that it would normally be in, but the air corridor has a limited amount of air space, and he was outside of that. Whether that is a factor, I don't know at this point. And what was your first one?
Q. The last one was whether his IFF was squawking, and whether it would have happened if the old rules of engagement were still in force?
A. The old rules of engagement?
Q. If we hadn't changed the rules in September, would he have held his fire - the skipper?
A. Certainly, the rules of engagement would not have been as specific in the authorities it granted him. I don't know whether he would have or not, under the old rules. You're asking me about IFF. We did have some electronic emanations, but I really can't say any more than that.
A. Now, I should stress, of course, in that regard, that we warned him on the Civilian Air Distress Net three times in these few minutes, and four times on the Military Air Distress Net.
A. Yes. We received no answers. Nor did he vary course, or indicate in his conduct in any way that he had received our communications.
A. Well, it led us to believe that it was a military aircraft.
Q. - civilian aircraft, to be outside of its normal air corridors in that part of the world.
A. I don't know that I can answer that question. It seems to me that two things are pretty clear. First of all, flying in that kind of constrained environment that you would be very careful, particularly given the warnings and the NOTAM's we had issued. And, secondly, I don't understand the responsibilty of a country that, while it is attacking other ships, making a war zone out of a certain area of the ocean and then goes ahead and flies a commercial airliner over that part of the ocean at the time that attacks and hostilities are under way. Unusual Moves by Aircraft?
Q: Was there anything else unusual in terms of speed or altitude of this aircraft, other than it did not respond and that they were out of their normal flight corridors.
A: As I said at the conclusion of my statement, not all the data is in, but we do have indications that the people on the ship were led to believe, from the flow of information -and we are reconstructing this now - that the aircraft was not only on steady bearing and closing, but that it had gone up in altitude and was increasing - or decreasing in altitude as it neared the ship.
Q: The point at which the attack was commenced.
A: Again, I'm qualifying this, because we're having to reconstruct and draw out all that data from the Aegis system.
A: It's not easy to do.
Q: - the speed of the aircraft was 450 knots. Is the attack speed of the F-14 not somewhat higher than that.
Are ther any indications that the Ira-nians are now heading up to take some further action or some response in addition - in response to this.
A: There was an attack this afternoon, after this morning's incident, on a - I believe it was a Norwegian - Norwegian ship. Further south, not in the vicinity of this event.
A: No, there was not. No, there was no air cover, there was no - either an E-2 or an Awacs in the vicinity.
A: Because we were not escorting an Earnest Will mission. These ships were returning from a convoy, coming through by themselves, through the strait, and we just don't use our cover for that.
Q: - heightened state of alert since they permanently deployed the Silkworms . . . anticipated Fourth of July attack?
A: But we were anticipating units that wouldn't require that. In any event, there was not.
Q: Admiral, what did we do to find survivors, and what is it doing to search for the black box?
A: The wreckage, if, in fact, there is wreckage, is inside of Iranian territorial waters. They are conducting a SAR search in there. We are not in there. We've gone pretty close to try and follow events, what they are doing. But no, we are not in the vicinity of the wreckage.
Q: - F-14's operating out of Bandar Abbas - they operated tandem with the F-4's. Can you tell us whether there were any other Iranian aircraft of any description in the area?
A: There was an F-4 up later. Whether it had been up all the time or earlier we're not able to determine.
Q: Have you determined what precipitated the first attack?
A: This is sort of a simplistic chart. We're trying to keep it simple. The incident this morning, when it all started, was in this area. This is the - Vincennes. Their helicopter was fired on in this vicinity, and about in that same area, in this direction, somewhere -the aircraft was impacted about here. The Iranians are reporting the wreckage in this vicinity, and that is - southwest or, rather, southeast of Qishum Island. And we're still in the vicinity there trying to follow those events. The - this is the commercial air route - and the attack this afternoon was in this area.
Q: - located off the commercial air corridor, admiral, when it was shot? How far out of the corridor was it?
A: Well, it's somewhere, we believe, in the neighborhood of four to five miles.
Q: You may be implying by the abnormal behavior of this aircraft that it's not inconceivable that the pilot was trying to draw the fire of these missiles?
A: I did not mean to imply that.
Q: Admiral, the people are going to ask, O.K., this happened, the Persian Gulf is a million accidents waiting to happen. Have you made any recommendations as to how to minimize the risk of this happening again? And what do we do from here?
Q: Admiral, could you get on the microphone, sir, please?
A: We are constantly surveying and reviewing, not only the circumstances under which we operate but also the rules of engagement. We do not discuss the rules in detail, but this, obviously, will put increased emphasis on such a review. There will also be a facet of the formal investigation. But I emphasize that as a matter of course, every single day and every single incident in the gulf is reviewed. And if it suggests that we should do some - our operating patterns should be different. We try and follow that. Learn it and profit from it. If we see something, as our study of this and our analysis of this to suggest that we can make it more safe and still protect ourselves, we'll change it.
Q: Admiral, what details do you have? What happened after the missile hit the aircraft? Where did it hit the aircraft, and was it struck?
A: I don't know that we could determine that, but we do have some vague - incidentally, the visibility in the gulf at the time was about two to five miles. That, of course, depending upon where you are and variations, may be mixed. But we do have some eye witness reports that saw the vague shape of the aircraft when the missile hit, and it looked like it had disintegrated.
Q: Admiral, have we done anything to join any search or help to rescue possible survivors?
A: We had some other reports, which is not too abnormal in this kind of situation, that, yes, they thought there was wreckage here, wreckage there. They were outside of Iranian territorial waters. We checked every one of those with helicopters and ships. We have attempted to run down and to assist in anyway we can without infringing Iranian territorial waters.
Q: Was it raining or fog? You say poor visibility.
Q: Admiral, have you determined what started the first incident? Why the helicopter was fired on? How that all started?
A: No, it was gunfire.
Q: Admiral, did the airliner make any kind of radio communication after the Vincennes fired its missile?
Q: Nothing after it was hit?
A: Either before or after.
Q: Was only one missile fired or were there more?
Q: Do we know in that sequence which one it was that sunk the aircraft?
Q: Has there been any pattern of Iranian F-14's using airliners in the area as shadow to conduct patrols or anything like that?
Q: It occurred yesterday and three days ago?
Q: Was this an accident waiting to happen?
A: You could in a sense, of course, characterize all combat operations as an accident waiting to happen. We have said from the very outset of our involvment there that when you're using force, when you're putting combat operations on to support your policy, and it is a policy that is resisted and not agreed to by another party, who is likewise willing to do things, you're running risks. We've never pretended otherwise. We have been very successful with our -using our strength to keep down these kinds of accidents and incidents. I think that if -we have contacted airliners before. We have had them respond. They have varied course. That policy has been very successful and again, I repeat, if a country is going to wage combat operations in a certain area and then send a commercial airline in the area during that, of course it's an accident waiting to happen. And if airliners do not pay attention to these instructions and guidance that we have put out, and the warnings we put out, then that poses a problem. We do deeply regret the loss of life though.
Q: Admiral, would you imply that not only was this out of the air corridor, and not responding to your signals, but that you detected that it was losing altitude and gaining speed, and flying over an area where combat activity was occurring. In addition to all those irregularities concerning this aircraft, have you been able to determine whether it took off on schedule as a normal commercial flight or are there any other irregularities?
Q: Admiral, on the origination of the flight. Did it come from - I don't know what city. I missed that.
A: We believe Bandar Abbas.
Q: It did - that's a military base, isn't it?
A: No, it's joint - civil and military.
Q: Just let me finish with that. You tracked that plane on takeoff?
A: We don't know, but maybe we did.
Q: Is the first time an Iranian commercial airliner has acted in this way?
A: I don't have a specific example of where it has before. We have multi-nation airliners in the gulf. In general, our policy has been respected, responded to. Occasionally we have an airliner that ignores it. But usually they are at very high altitude. The reason that these accidents are avoided mainly is that civilian airliners fly at very high altitudes, and particularly because of that area. This one did not.
Q: Admiral, the ship captain's responsibility notwithstanding, an F-14 being an American-made plane, shouldn't it be one of the easier aircraft to identify, especially stacking its information radiated against a four-engine commercial airliner?
Q: Admiral, aren't comparisons going to made with - this was the case of U.S. mistaken identity and a commercial airliner was shot down. The Soviet Union was a case of mistaken identity in Korean [ Air Lines flight ] OO7. What is the difference, in your view, between this shoot down and that one?
A: I think there are two very fundamental differences. There are probably a whole host of them, with more thought. But the fundamental differences are, of course, that it was not a war zone, there was not combat in progress, there was not combat there normally; and, secondly, the KAL 007 was not warned in any way, form, or fashion.
Nor was, as far as I can tell or determine, was any attempt made to - to warn. It was a very high altitude, and even after the completion of the incident, I don't think any claim was made that it was there to bomb or destroy. It was accused of being an intelligence gatherer. That was certainly not the case.
Q: Admiral, thank you very much Admiral Crowe. | 2019-04-26T06:58:03Z | https://www.nytimes.com/1988/07/04/world/statement-joint-chiefs-chairman-us-deeply-regrets-this-incident-but-commanders.html |
The Traditional owners of the Shire are the communities of the Yuin-Monaro Nations. From ancient times they have been the inhabitants and custodians of the land, sea and waterways. The cultural geography of the south coast is in the following terms, reverting to the coastal clans are the Murring, or especially the Yuin clans. These claimed responsibility of country from Cape Howe to the Shoalhaven River in NSW. They formed two large sub-groups or sub divisions, called respectively Guyangal and Kurial, from the words guya, south and kuru, north, gal being the possessive postfix. The inland extent of their country included the fall from the coast range to the sea.
Evidence is limited but the tabulation of marriages makes it quite clear that the far south coast formed a distinct region marked by the intensity of intermarriage while demonstrated that there were, nevertheless, links with Gippsland and the Monaroo prior to colonisation as would be expected, since few if any groups lived completely isolated from their neighbours.
The Tadjera-Munji-Djiringanj (from Cape Dromedary south to beyond Bega, inland to the sharp scarp of the Dividing Range east of Nimmitabel), Thaua (north of Merimbula south to Green Cape and west to the scarp of the Dividing Range), Bidawahal (just south of Green Cape) and Nulliker (Twofold Bay), Monaroo (on the escarpment country) groups comprised the Yuin-Monaro Nations in the area now known as the Bega Valley Shire. This was the case for many thousands of years.
The groups of the Yuin communities living in coastal areas are known as (Katungal from the work Katung) sea coast people and the Baianbal or Paienbara (the tomahawk people) those who lived in the forests. A third group, the Bemerigal or mountain people at Cooma belonged to the Ngarigo people.
Sites throughout the Shire demonstrate occupation by these rich cultures to be in excess of 7,000+ years. These people nurtured an organised and active culture many thousands of years older than the creators of the great pyramids of Giza did or the medieval monuments of Stonehenge did. Some of the oldest physical records of human occupation and activity to be found anywhere in the world are located beneath our noses here in the Bega Valley Shire.
Numerous meetings occurred between European shipwreck crews and the Aboriginal populations during the eighteenth and nineteenth century in New South Wales. With the developing pattern of sea-borne trade, other ship's crews interacted with Aboriginal people as a result of tragic shipwreck.
One of the earliest recorded contacts with Aboriginals outside of Sydney occurred on the southern coast of New South Wales as a result of a shipwreck in Bass Strait. When the trade Sydney Cove wrecked on Preservation Island in the Flinders Group during 1797, a party of seventeen of the crew sailed across to the Victorian coast in an open boat and walked to Sydney. After two and a half months, only three survived the arduous trek, being found at Wattamola near Botany Bay.
They traversed the entire southern coastline from Cape Howe. A published account of their epic walk reveals a mixture of genuine compassion from the various Aboriginal (Yuin) groups that they encountered, to all out conflict as a result of territorial and resource infringements.
18 March: Forded several branches of rivers. We this day fell in with a party of natives, about fourteen, all of them entirely naked. They were struck with astonishment at our appearance, and were very anxious to examine every part of our clothes and body, in which we readily indulged them. They viewed us most attentively. They opened our clothes, examined our feet, hands, nails and frequently expressing their surprise by laughing and loud shoutings. From their gestures during this awkward review it was easy to perceive that they considered our clothes and bodies as inseparably joined. Having made them a present of a few strips of cloth, which they appeared highly delighted with, we pursued our journey, and halted in the evening, after a march of 30 miles.
* There are many recorded cases of Aboriginal people feeding, caring, saving and nurturing shipwrecked crews and passengers all around Australia. These short extracts of the infamous walk back to Sydney gives some early accounts of the local people's interaction of the new arrivals.
For further reading you can refer to the "Project Gutenberg Australia"
April 19, 1770 Captain James Cook was sailing north in gale force winds in "The Endeavour" unable to observe any coastline. It was late morning the following day when the weather suddenly cleared, affording Cook and his crew an unimpaired view of the area now known as Pambula Beach.
An extract from Cook's journal reads: "At noon we were in the Latitude of 36 o 51' South and Longitude of 209 o 53' West and 3 leagues from the land. Course: sail'd shore since Yesterday at Noon was first North 52 o East, 30 miles, then North by East and North by West, 41 Miles. The weather being clear gave us an opportunity to View the Country, which has a very agreeable and promising aspect, diversified with hills, ridges, plains and valleys, with some few small lawns; but for the most part the whole was covered with wood, the hills and ridges rise with a gentle slope; they are not high, neither are there many of them".
The position of the Noonday sightings places the Endeavour due east of Tura Headland, on Friday 20 April, 1770.
Twenty seven years after Cooks voyage, castaways from the East India Company's Cove, badly damaged during a voyage from Bengal to Sydney, became the first recorded non Aboriginal people to set foot on the coastline.
Eighty year old Captain Hamilton, ran the Sydney Cove ashore and was forced to beach the vessel on Preservation Island in the Furneaux Group of north east Tasmania, in atrocious weather.
The Sydney Cove's Lascar crew suffered terribly from the cold. The second mate was reported to of been washed overboard and the men too ill and exhausted to operate the ships pumps. Three weeks later till beached, Hamilton despatched the ships commercial agent William Clarke, Chief mate Hugh Thompson, the ships carpenter, two European seamen and twelve lascars in the Sydney Cove longboat to sail north to Port Jackson, Captain Hamilton and the remaining crew stayed with the damaged ship. In a desperate struggle of survival, for three months Clarkes account of the journey shows they walked through Tathra between April 3-5, 1797. They got as far as Point Hicks, where the long boat was wrecked in a storm, so the 17 sailors had to set out and walk the 300 or more miles to Port Jackson. Along the sea shore and through the coastal bush, meeting aborigines with occasional gifts of food, they endured terrible hardships. April 19, nine had reached their limits of endurance and elected to stay behind. Of the ten walkers who continued, only five survived a further fortnight. by May 14 Thompson and the ships carpenter elected to withdraw. The next day Clarke, one European seamen and one Luscar seaman - three men survived to reach Wattamolla Beach, just south of Port Hacking, where they were found two months after starting their walk by fishermen.
A whale boat was immediately dispatched to search for Thompson, the carpenter and the castaways to the south. They were never found.
Governor Hunter sent the schooner Francis to rescue captain Hamilton and a portion of the Sydney Cove's cargo. Accompanied by the Eliza, the Francis returned for the remaining cargo in January 1798. Both vessels set out on the return voyage. Eliza sailed first, but failed to arrive in Sydney and was presumed to have floundered in a heavy gale.
Governor Hunter, impressed by Clarkes descriptions of a seam of coal (in the area known as Coalcliff), instructed Surgeon George Bass to go in search. He was back in eight days with specimens of coal.
"The lower parts downwards as far as the bar is one of the prettiest of harbours....Every small bight has its little sandy beach, and every turning its trim rocky point...I have named this place Barmouth Creek".
Next day sailing south, he entered and named Twofold Bay and logged his journal describing the bay as, "seemed capable of affording security for shipping". Bass making this exploratory journey down the coast from Sydney in this 9 metre long whaleboat travelled as far south as Westernport Bay in Victoria. The row boat was built in Sydney with banksia wood and lined with cedar.
Bass returned and in his report naming Twofold Bay, and its sheltered inlets of Snug Cove, coupled with beliefs that Van Diemen's Land (Tasmania) was an Island, motivated Governor Hunter's commissioning of Lieutenant Matthew Flinders and Surgeon George Bass to undertake another journey of exploration in 1798. Taken in the sloop Norfolk, a longboat salvaged from the wrecked Sirius and decked and refitted on Norfolk Island. the only ship ever built there and made from native pine.
During a spell of rough weather bass and Flinders anchored Norfolk in Snug Cove in Eden and from 9 - 17 October 1798, surveying and naming Twofold Bay, Whale Spit, Red Point and Snug Cove Head and sounding and charting Twofold Bay's coastline, a map of which was produced in 1814. On the same trip the whole island of Tasmania was circumnavigated, completely proving the existence of Bass Strait. The two friends were interested in the plant and animal life in and around Twofold Bay.
Colonisation and white settlement of the Shire occurred in the early nineteenth century and was originally focussed on the Twofold Bay (Eden) and Bega areas. The area rapidly became an important source of food for the fledgling colonies at Botany Bay and Van Diemans Land (Tasmania). Of such importance was the supply of food to the Tasmanian settlements that their viability in the 1830's and 1840's depended on regular shipments of beef, pork and mutton from Twofold Bay. Farming and agricultural activity was supported by timber getting, the collection of wattle bark and later by fishing, whale processing at Twofold Bay and the occasional discovery of gold. In later years the area become synonymous with the production of butter and cheese and continues to enjoy a reputation for its 'clean and green' production.
Twofold Bay's long whaling history commenced in 1828 when Captain Thomas Raine established a shore based station at Snug Cove on the shores of the bay. This was to be the first such station on mainland Australia, although similar earlier enterprises had operated in Tasmania.
Raine put a shipwright in charge of the Twofold Bay concern and continued to follow other interests. Although this particular venture was relatively short-lived, others soon followed this entrepreneur's lead, also establishing short-term shore-based stations around the bay. The first individuals to establish what could be regarded as a permanent shore-based whaling station at Twofold Bay were the Imlay Brothers.
Peter Imlay first visited Twofold Bay on the vessel Elizabeth in September 1832. There he saw whales frolicking in the bay and decided to return permanently.
This he did together with his two brothers, George and Alexander, and the three quickly became involved in pastoral and agricultural pursuits as well as whaling. They had quite a bit of success through their whaling ventures and at one time operated five fully manned open whaling boats, one of which was manned entirely by local Aboriginals.
The brothers also had stations on Gabo Island under the supervision of Captain Stevenson and also at Bittangabee, 12 miles south of Twofold Bay. Both these stations had some success whilst in operation, but were discontinued owing to the difficulty in controlling the crews from Twofold Bay.
The Aboriginals were regarded as valuable within the shore based whaling industry, owing to both keen eyesight and an ability to row at greater speed than non-Aboriginal crews. Thus this enabled them to reach and fasten to a whale quicker, and as the laws of whaling said that whoever became and remained fastened to the whale first owned the creature, these skills were of enormous benefit.
A peculiarity of the Imlay base was the path from the seashore to their sheds, paved with plates from the vertebra (back bone plates) of whales and this was remarked upon by a number of writers of the time as most unusual and attractive.
The Imlay Brothers continued their local ventures until about 1846 or 1847 when the Walker family apparently took over the main part of the Imlay's whaling operations. However, they do not appear to have continued long after the general disruption to the business following the financial crisis of the late 1840's.
Other whaling operators in the Twofold Bay area included Solomon Solomons, George Barclay and Otaheiti Bill. Solomon operated from the wharf area in the 1860's, possibly from the old Imlay / Walker station, whilst Barclay worked from the opposite side of the bay. Otaheiti Bill is connected with the Mowarry station.
Benjamin Boyd was at Twofold Bay from 1842 until 1849. Oswald Brierly was Boyd's superintendent of operations at Twofold Bay during this time.
Perhaps the best known and certainly the longest running of the Twofold Bay shore-based operators were the Davidson family.
Alexander Davidson, together with his wife Jane and seven young children, arrived in Australia from Scotland in 1842, and the following year moved from Miller's Point, Sydney, to Boyd Town, in answer to an advertisement calling for carpenters and joiners to work on the Seahorse Hotel.
After Boyd's departure, Alexander worked at inn keeping and gold mining before the family commenced what was to become one of the most fascinating chapters in Australian maritime history.
With boats purchased from George Barclay and Solomon Solomons along with other equipment from Boyd, Alexander and his sons commenced shore based whaling by rebuilding an old station and try works. Located at the mouth of the Kiah River Inlet, they operated over four generations, eventually becoming the oldest continually run shore-based whaling station in Australia.
One of the most fascinating aspects of the Twofold Bay whaling story, however, was the role played by pods of killer whales. From at least 1843 until 1930, these amazing creatures returned annually to Leatherjacket Bay and played their unique part in the whale chases of the area. Indeed, Brierly noted the presence of the killers, as they became known, in his 1843 journals.
The "killers" were recognized by the whalers by the shape of their dorsal fin, and were often so named because of the shape of this body part.
The killers played an instrumental role in the long survival of the Davidson station. After herding migrating whales into the bay, these creatures then combined with the whalers to attack the prey, snapping at their body and throwing themselves over the whale's blowhole until they finally succumbed to what was almost always an inevitable result. They were even known to alert the whalers to their quarry's presence by flop tailing and splashing in the bay in front of the station. They were rewarded for their assistance with the lips and tongue after the whalers had killed the prey.
"When a whale is passing north it is driven into Twofold Bay by whales known as the killers…when the killers succeed in driving the whale into the bay they leave off the attack and wait for the whale boats to come. Any attempt the whale makes to go out to sea the killers resent with all energy by snapping pieces out of it…all the time the killers are at work."
The intelligence of the killer whales was aptly demonstrated by "Tom" in 1926 following the drowning death of Jack Davidson and two of his children. Despite a search that continued for more than a week, Jack's body remained missing, but all the time "Tom" continued to swim around the area where their boat had capsized. It was there that the body was eventually found.
Shore based whaling at Twofold Bay had finally ended by 1930, just over a hundred years after it commenced. The final farewell to the unique relationship between whalers and killer came in September 1930 when the last of the pod "Old Tom" was found dead in the Bay. He was eventually towed ashore, his skeleton cleaned and mounted and placed on public display. This saw the birth of the Eden Killer Whale Museum and "Tom" remains one of the most popular exhibits on show even today.
Originally isolated by a lack of road and rail access, the far south coast depended on coastal shipping for virtually all import and export activity. The port towns of Bermagui, Tathra, Merimbula and Eden became the 'power points' that connected the district to the outside world. This splendid isolation insulated a lifestyle that continued for over 100 years. Although the stirrings of change began around the time of Federation, it was not really until after the Second World War that the breeze of change became a gale.
Modernisation and economic consolidation saw significant change to the traditional industries of the area. The rate at which earth was shrinking increased. Land based transport improvements, both promised and realised saw an end to coastal shipping. With markets for local products dwindling and with access to raw materials being even more restricted by government policy the prosperity of many small towns and villages was gone and it all happened in a single generation.
From these upheavals flowed social and family change. From the post war years until the mid 1970s the 'Far South Coast' seemed to be as isolated as ever, despite the shrinking world. Never as well serviced or accessible as the central and north coast areas of New South Wales, the term 'forgotten Corner' was an apt name for the whole area south of Wollongong and east of the Monaro Highway.
During the latter decades of the twentieth century the area was 'rediscovered' as a holiday and escape destination for thousand of 'urbanites' predominately from Melbourne but also from Sydney and Canberra. From these annual pilgrimages were to come many future residents. These were people who were destined to tackle the challenge of creating lifestyle from the pages of the family photo albums and holiday brochures. | 2019-04-25T21:52:22Z | https://www.begavalley.nsw.gov.au/cp_themes/default/page.asp?p=DOC-KDR-72-66-37 |
Those who are looking forward to a special event such as a wedding certainly need to prepare a lot of things for it. One thing that you really need to prepare, then, is your appearance – if you are getting married or about to graduate, you will be in the limelight, with a lot of eyes on you, and you want to look your best and most glamorous on the day. It is great to know that they can achieve this perfect look when they find an excellent specialist who offers makeup and hair services. If one is able to find an excellent specialist like this, then, she can be sure that on the special day, she will look lovely and stand out, plus enjoy a lot of benefits besides.
There are a lot of benefits to gain through hiring a specialist like this, and one of them is the fact that it will be possible to get the best work done when it comes to makeup. A makeup artist will know how to blend together a number of quality solutions and makeup, so that one’s makeup will last throughout the whole event without being removed and making one look sweaty or shiny. A makeup artist like this will also take special note of your skin type, and use only makeup that fits it, so you can be sure that you don’t need to worry about problems such as breakouts and allergies after the event.
One who hires a specialist like this will also be glad to know that it will be possible to have beautiful and stylish hair during the special event. Specialists like these know so much about hairstyles and about what matches different face shapes, and they can work with long or short hair, and different hair types and textures. You can be sure, then, that when your wedding, graduation, or special event comes along, you will look perfect with a stunning hairstyle that goes well with your makeup, the shape of your face, and so on.
One who hires a stylist like this will also be glad to know that when she does so, she will be able to gain great convenience and ease. It is not a simple thing to do one’s own makeup, and people will be happy to just sit back and relax as their hair and their makeup is done for them, listening to calming music and feeling excited for the event.
If you are getting married or going to celebrate another special event, then, and you want to look glamorous and gorgeous, what you should do is to hire a specialist like this one, a professional who has great skill when it comes to makeup and hair.
When you want to have your home painted the services that you will look for our services that are known as residential painting services. You might be looking for a residential painting service because you might want your new house to be painted or even because you might need as a painting to be done in your old house because the old paint might have worn out but no matter the reason why you would need a residential painting service to come to your home it is important to make sure that the one that you find is exceptional.
There are very many people who think that painting their houses for themselves is the best way to go but honestly it is not. The first reason why you should know it is not a wise thing to do to decide to paint your house for yourself instead of hiring an expert to come and do it is because you will not be able to paint your house as professionally as a professional can do it because he has specialised in this and this is what he does each and every day of his life and so he knows how to do it best.
The second reason why he should find a professional to come and paint your house is because a professional will do it much faster than you can do it and within no time you and your family will have your house back all to yourself. If you want to be impressed and happy at the end of a residential painting service having painted your home and not frustrated it is important to make sure that you have found the best residential painting services in your area.
When it comes to looking for and also finding a residential painting service one thing that is very important for you to do is to look at a few things and we are going to be giving you below on this article that will really help you to find the best residential painting service. First and foremost, it is not good to find a residential painting service that is composed of only one person.
This means that it is better for you to find a residential painting service that will come to your home as a team so that they can be done with that work before you even know it. When you are looking for a residential painting service, another thing that you should do is find a service that is insured and licensed.
You need to know that each specific construction method is going to require a specific contractor to perform the job; this is why you have to make sure you get the right one. Make sure that you pick the right contractor to help you out because these guys have the knowledge and expertise you need to get your building up and running in no time.
You have to understand that a masonry contractor is probably one of the most important contractors you need for the construction process because they are the ones that handle all of the concrete, stone, and brick needs. The masonry contractor is the one that will basically transform your structure into something good. Your home is going to need beautiful concrete work for it to look good.
There are a few things to consider before you hire a masonry contractor though. It is vital that you find the right contractor to work on your project; the contractor needs to match the scope of the project that you are aiming to achieve. For any construction need you have, a good masonry contractor is going to be able to give you what you need at an affordable price.
It is vital to find a masonry contractor that prioritizes style and skill at the same time because that is going to give you beautiful results in the end of the masonry construction. You just have to find what you need from a masonry contractor and that is going to help you locate the best one that fits your requirements. If you need to find more answers, make sure to read the article below.
You are going to need to find the license of your masonry contractor.
This is a very important matter to clear out before you hire a masonry contractor; a license is an assurance that the professional is indeed legitimate masonry contractor. Before a contractor is allowed to work with construction processes, they will have to get a license for it. You need a legitimate masonry contractor to handle all the permit related issues and manage all of the legal papers; there is no time to mess things up just because you decided to hire an incompetent masonry contractor to save on cash. If you want to cash by hiring an incompetent and random masonry contractor then you will surely regret it because when things go wrong, you will be spending more money on the fixes.
Experience is important when it comes to choosing a masonry contractor.
You have to make sure that the work experience of the masonry contractor you are eyeing on is exemplary. If the masonry contractor shows his or her references without hesitating then that is a good sign.
Most of the things that happen inside of your house take place in your bathroom or kitchen. These places are where most problems in your house also happen with the likes of toilets not working well, blocked drains, and water leaks. That is why the services of a professional plumber are always important. When it comes to your plumbing problems, they can happen at any time that even if you keep your plumbing systems well-maintained, something can still happen in an instant. With the services of a reliable professional plumber, any plumbing problems will be fixed in no time. To know what to expect from professional plumbers, click for more info.
For you to know what services a plumber can offer you, you have to know what they can do for your first. Primarily, for the systems that you have that require the use of water, the plumber is who does the repair and installation work. This water can be drainage water, drinking water, or sewage water. The range of duties that a professional plumber can do includes repairing, installing, and renovating plumbing systems. Their help is often required for issues related to your toilets, water pipes, sinks, drainage systems, and water heaters.
A professional plumber is also around to contribute to how a building design must be designed in the best possible way. Their role includes finding ways to open walls and floors where they will be able to properly install pipe fitting and pipes. Both residential construction work and commercial construction work are two things a professional plumber can help with. There are also professional plumbers that work as contractors or as self-employed. A professional plumber can offer you these services.
Professional plumbers can offer you with toilet repair services, for one. There are a lot of problems that can happen with your toilet. When it comes to your toilet, water going around your toilet floor is one common issue. Getting the services of a professional plumber is essential during these times because your bathroom floor may be damaged with water. Your toilet not flushing or not flushing all the way is another problem. Other toilet problems include leaking toilets, noisy toilets, and toilets that fill slowly. In order for these issues to be addressed properly, a professional plumber must have each of them diagnosed.
Another service that a professional plumber offers you is dealing with blocked drains. Such an issue is very common for a lot of homes. Blocked drains happen for a lot of reasons. One of the most common reasons is having objects get flushed and being stuck in the drain. Drains may even be cracked and blocked because roots from plants always look for water. For leaves that fall down from your trees, they have the potential to block your drains as well. The moment you observe that your drains are blocked, make sure to find a plumber right away.
A machine shop is the hub for all machine works. All machine components made of raw material like wood, metal, plastic, etc. are made here. A machine shop contains tools and equipment for performing different functions. Because of the heavy machinery work going on in this kind of set up, safety is of essence here. To reduce the occurrence of accidents in the machine shop, all the safety precaution measure should be put in place. Injuries like deep cuts, burns, electric shock, etc. can occur if safety measures are not in place. Read more now on machine shop safety rules.
Before starting a discussion on what to do and what not to do in a machine shop, let focus on a first aid kit. Accidents can happen even after ensuring all measures are in place. Various accidents are unavoidable. For a fast first aid attention when an accident occurs in a machine shop, there should be an equipped first aid kit. With the first aid kit, the victim will be able to get the much needed first aid help from anyone including the non-medics before help arrives. The kit should include all essentials for first aid like pain killers, bandages, sterilized blades, disposable gloves, etc. Every staff in the shop should receive first aid training to familiarise themselves on how to go about an emergency case in the machine shop.
There should be instructions with symbols if need be, strategically placed where everyone can be able to see and read. This should include what is to be done, and what is to be avoided while in the machine shop. The guide should indicate the steps to follow in case of fire. Additionally, steps to follow when there is a power outage should also be included so as to prevent damage to the machines and equipment.
Machine shops should be well lit for enough air circulation. There should be an emergency exit labeled and located where it can be easily accessed. It is also important to allocate space outside the machine shop as a fire assembly point for people to gather in such cases and account for everyone there and who is not there.
The way people inside the machine shop should dress must be communicated and obeyed. Loose clothing should be avoided completely as they can easily catch fire, or get caught up when one is moving around the shop. Same case to open shoes or sandals. We have the right protective clothing for any machine workshop. It is recommended that one wears an overall and safety boots for full body coverage and protection. The eyes should also be protected with safety goggles meant for preventing debris and other objects get to the eyes, as well as a helmet for protecting the head from any injuries or falling objects. Protective gloves also protects the worker’s hands from cuts and getting in contact with chemicals can cause harm to the hands.
To be taken into consideration first will be the insurance coverage which the window cleaning company will have. When the window cleaners will be discharging their duties, they will be susceptible to various dangers. Such damages includes bodily injuries which could result out of falling from higher places. So as to take of the liabilities from your own hands, you will have to ensure that the window cleaning company is well insured.
You will have to assess the working permits as well as weigh the levels of professionalism of the window cleaning company which you will hire. A window cleaning company which will have a valid license will have to be the one which will be selected. With proper licensing, you will be assured that the company is qualified in offering the window cleaning services. Since these will be professionals, you will be assured that they will deliver quality services. When they will he handling your work, professional conducts will be required out of them.
Along the line of duty of the window cleaning company, a check to note that they will have in place high safety standards will be very necessary. All the cleaning works will have to be undertaken while prioritizing the safety of those who will be involved. A guarantee for compensation of damaged which will arise while the company will be cleaning your windows will be having them insured.
When choosing window cleaning company, you will have to take into account its reputation. You will be able to predetermine the king of services which will be delivered by a window cleaning company by noting its reputation before you hire it You will this need to consult with some of your friends who have experiences on the window cleaning services. A website check on the reviews which will have been given by their customers could also be opted for.
To be weighed will be the cost of the window cleaning services which will be offered. You will need to hire that company which will offer the cheapest deal in offering the quality services.
The establishment of the window cleaning entity is also another element which you will need to weigh. Hiring a company which will be established well will help you to get cleaners who will be highly skilled. They will have adapted cleaning techniques which will be very effective. Other that being up to date on the technological innovations, the company will possess machines for rapid cleaning.
Commercial locksmiths will make you enjoy so many advantages. This is due to the fact that they are qualified in what they do. You should hire a reliable locksmith. This is very important to you in case you mess up. You will be able to get quick help from a commercial locksmith. Commercial locksmiths provide different services. In case you need lock repair or replacement, you will get assistance. In this case, they also provide key cutting services. You are advised to hire a profession for security.
You will go through a hard time if you lose your office keys or misplace them. You don’t need to be afraid because commercial locksmiths will come to your rescue. They have worked for many commercial clients so they have enough experience. They will meet your needs since they have worked with different types of locks. They have the ability to tell whether the lock needs replacement or repair. You will not be required to destroy the lock to get your keys. They offer their services for 24 hours. This means that they will meet your needs any time you contact them.
Commercial locksmiths will help keep your business safe. In assumption, they use the best equipment and they make sure that you get maximum protection. They are aware of all the techniques to secure your property. Your business will get all the security it requires through the help of a commercial locksmith. This is very important since you will not incur losses after losing your property. This is an added advantage you will get to enjoy from hiring a commercial locksmith.
Commercial locksmiths always have the technology updates. They are always informed on the new lock technology This is very essential since you will be guided on the best lock for your business. Your business is very important to you and it requires total security. They will help you get the right choice in case you want to replace your lock. You will be in a position to enjoy the best services from a commercial locksmith.
Another reason why a commercials locksmith is important is that he will make you acquire a master key for your business. You will be able to access all the rooms of your business since you are the employer. You will not be required to carry a huge bunch of keys in order to access all the rooms in your business premises. You will be able to control your business. This is beneficial to you because you will be aware of how they manage the rooms.
You should have in mind that a commercials locksmith will make you enjoy all the above benefits. In this case, you will not end up being disappointed.
The roofing of your home should be of the best quality. Therefore, if you are looking to build a new home or replace the roofing that you have in your current home, then you should ensure you find the best. Cedar shake is one of the best materials that is used in roofing. This type of roofing is best for roofing homes. Work with an installation service provider that offers the best services. Installing on your own can take a lot of time and energy. Consider finding out the cedar shake installation services in your area. The service provider you find may not necessarily be the best. In the discussion below you will find tips to help you find the best cedar installation services.
You should choose to get a cedar shake installation service provider that offers variety. Cedar shake comes in different colours which include amber, red, gold and also brown. These colours are naturally occurring in cedar wood. Cedar is a strong kind of wood and therefore if left for several years without treatment, then the wood will age and turn to a beautiful silver-grey colour.
The durability of the cedar shake to be installed should be considered. Cedar wood is naturally resistant to bugs. This is because of the oils that it has. This type of wood is also able to withstand drastic weather conditions. During winter, you need to put extra care on the wood. Cedar shake roofing can last up to 50 years. Cedar shake is a durable and long lasting roofing.
When you are looking to use the cedar shake installation services, consider the experience that the service provider has. One needs to be trained to know the process of installing or replacing cedar shake. Consider the expertise that the cedar shake company has if you are looking for the best services. The record that the cedar shake installation services provider has should also be looked into. Record is crucial in determining the success of the cedar shake services over the years. For installations to be done in the best way, the experience is necessary to know which places to concentrate on during inspections.
Work with a cedar shake service provider that offers not only installation but maintenance services as well. This kind of roofing needs to be maintained every once in a while. Cedar shake roofing can last for up to 30 years. Accidents do happen, and you should, therefore, choose a manufacturer that offers a warranty for the cedar shake roofing.
One of the popular weight loss programs today is called intermittent fasting. There are many reasons why people fast. Before, people fast so that the can pray and do spiritual activities without distraction but today, fasting is also done for reducing the waistline and improving metabolic health.
If you do intermittent fasting, then you can cut back on your meals that helps reduce your calorie intake. Below are the different types of intermittent fasting that you can do to help you lose weight.
One type of intermittent fasting that you can try is the 5:2diet. In this type of fasting, you eat normally for five days and fast the other two days. If it sounds unbearable not eating for two days to you, then you don’t have to do a full fast. If you don’t do a full fast, then you can take in as little as 500 to 600 calories on these days.
Another type of intermittent fasting is the 16/8 method which involves eating for certain hours and fasting on the remaining hours. In this method, you fast for 16 hours and eat for 8 hours.
You can also do the intermittent fasting every other day. If you can’t follow the fasting for certain hours of the day only, then fast for a whole day, then eat the next day then fast again the next, and so on and so forth. This method should not be done by beginners. Again, if it is difficult for you to go without food for a whole day, then you should limit yourself to eating only 500 calories a day on fasting days.
One or twice a week fasting is also good. This is good for beginners and is an easier version of the previous method. Here you only need to fast once or twice a week and not every other day, in other words, three or four times a week. So if you don’t want to fast a whole day, you can simply skip meals several times a week. Those who use this method usually skip dinner three or four days a week.
A final type of intermittent fasting is fasting during the day and eating at night. This method is called the warrior diet. Here the fasting is done during the day. The paleo movement popularized this method because they believed that this is how our ancestors ate. Taking small amounts of fruits and vegetables during the day can replace full fasting in the morning.
Intermitent fasting is becoming very popular indeed. Just choose the best method for you since every one of all dieting levels can use one method that will fit their lifestyle.
If you want to learn more about losing weight, then you can visit this website to read more about the different forms of dieting you can choose.
Road graders are the most vital machines which have the best designs and features for repairing and maintaining the roads. The roads should be constructed in the right way to allow the vehicles to convey goods and people smoothly. The road graders are powerful and thus have the ability to build the roads appropriately. Many firms have been established to allow individuals to hire the best road graders which can provide quality and reliable services. The clients should exhibit caution when selecting the right road graders. The article herein explain the factors to consider when choosing the road graders.
Clients should ensure that they assess the use of the road grader to ensure that their goals are achieved. The road graders are designed to offer different services to the clients including, construction, forestry among others. The grader usability should be assessed at all the time to ensure that the best one is obtained. There exists a wide of clients who lack the knowledge of how the graders operate and therefore result choosing the wrong which fails to meet their objectives. The people should ensure that they select the most reliable road graders which meet their needs by maintaining the roads appropriately. The different road graders are designed to offer specific services.
The people are encouraged to check on the power of the engine that the road grader has. The road grader should be more powerful to ensure that it offer quality and reliable services. The purpose of the grader helps to decide the one to choose in terms of its engine power. The clients are encouraged to search for the best road graders which have more reliable and power machines.
Thirdly, the productivity of the road grader should also be considered. The practice of choosing the best road grader enable the people to save money since they do not have to choose two small graders. The people should assess the effort and effectiveness of a road grader to ensure that it can offer reliable services. If a single road grader has a high level of productivity, it prevents the people from renting two small ones thus saving on cost.
The grader should be more reliable to help the people in accessing the best road construction services which are complete. The individuals should hire the road construction machines which are new such as the graders which are well tested and maintained to ensure that they work for a long time without destruction. The main advantage of using the new road graders is that they can provide services for a long duration without breaking down which delays the project. The road grader should not have any mechanical problems to ensure that the road construction project is slowed down.
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Portability and travel may be cousins, but they're two different things. Portability is something you carry from here to there. Travel is something you'll need to keep using when you're there. So, this month we look at some of those items that might be useful when you'll be away for a while, but still need your electronic support system to help make your life a little easier - and familiar.
It seems like such a small matter, but with fees charged by airlines for checking luggage, knowing that you didn't go over the weight limit has taken on more of a meaning for some people. (This is especially true for international travel, which is more restrictive.) Using a bathroom scale might seem the easiest way to go - and it may be, but there's a caveat: if you use a digital scale, they can be finicky at low weights, or not even register at all if they don't have multi-sensors, but rather just sensors on the sides where one's feet go. Luggage scales therefore can fill the need - though have their own caveats. They need to be accurate, of course, but these small devices run the quality gamut. And they need to be light (and small), since using up precious weight allowance and space with a bulky scale defeats some of the purpose.
The Tarriss Jetsetter impressed me in pretty much all ways. Its build quality is very solid, and in fact comes with a lifetime warranty. It weighs just three ounces and is about the size of a cigar, with a hanging strap.
Some luggage scales use hooks which aren't as preferable as straps that connect (which is how the Jetsetter operates) since it keeps the luggage steady. You pick up the connected luggage and let it rest for a few seconds until the digital read-out locks. This is a benefit, too - non-locking devices require you to maneuver into a position where you can read the digits, all the while changing the read-out. With the Tarris, once the weight locks in, you can put the luggage back down on the ground.
Changing between pounds and kilograms is as simple as toggling the power button. The LCD display is very easy to read - though I'd have liked it a bit darker. It comes with a built-in long-life Lithium battery. I like that it uses a battery that shouldn't need changing for a long while, and it's in a tightly-covered compartment. However, should you ever need to replace the battery, that requires unscrewing the compartment.
The Jetsetter will weigh up to 110 pounds (far above any airline requirements), and claims to be accurate within .2 ounces. My testing showed it to do quite a good job, though my "home lab" is limited in that area - however, on Amazon the device as a 5-star rating among 123 reviews, and the response there supports the claims of accuracy, as well.
To be clear, the Jetsetter isn't for everyone - though that's the case with all luggage scales. If you're someone who has difficult lifting a heavy bag, then you'll likely struggle with any such device, since they all require holding up your luggage. Know, however, that this isn't a case of carrying a 50 pound suitcase through the airport. You can simply grab the handle with two hands and hold it there for about five seconds until it locks, and then put it back down.
The Tarriss Jetsetter Portable Digital Luggage Scale retails for $40, and they have a 25-percent off coupon if you sign up for their newsletter (and offer a free "Ultimate Insider's Guide to Traveling Through Airports"), but you can also find it online for just $20 at the time of writing.
I've reviewed portable speakers earlier this year, and thought about including the Divoom Voombox in that column. But I devoted that article to speakers that were especially-small, and the Voombox (while small and very portable) is by no means "especially" small. It has some features that make it good for travel. And that doesn't only include its name.
The Voombox is about the size of a flattened baseball. And before I get into any specifics, I'll say up front that it has among the best sound of any small speaker I've tested, if not the best. (Note that all judgment of sound is subjective.) It's a bit bigger than most of the other small portables, so it's not something you'd put in your pants pocket - but it's still pretty small and could fit in a jacket pocket or just toss in an attache or suitcase for travel.
The speaker was loud, as well, with an output of 4 watt x 2. But there's one other feature that separates it from most portable speakers, which helps make it nice for traveling. It's water resistant. To be clear, this isn't "waterproof," you can't drop it in a lake and expect it to keep working. But there's a hook to hang the speaker on a shower head, and if it fell briefly in some shallow water for a brief period, you'd be safe. So, when you're on the road and don't have your favorite radio in the bathroom, you can just stream your music here. Plus, there is a built-in microphone for hands-free phone calls.
The Divoom Voombox Travel is extremely well-made, solid and sturdy. Buttons are well-marked. It has s 6-hour rechargeable battery. As I said, it's not the smallest portable if that's what you're looking for. But it's plenty enough small - just 3.5" diameter, and 1.75" In height. It's a hefty 9.5 ounces, more than you'd likely want for tiny, daily carrying, but - really - it is small and very portable.
A few words about travel locks before diving into the three that I'll review here. Obviously, locking your checked luggage doesn't work these days since TSA have to be able to get into your bags if needed. So, TSA-approved locks were developed. These allow a special TSA passkey to open any such lock. There are two standards: Travel Sentry (which are identified with a diamond logo) and Safe Skies (that have a torch logo).
The good is that using a TSA-approved lock now allows you to secure your bags. The bad is that a lock adds weight, which can be an issue particularly with overseas travel. And it's possible for a TSA official to miss the logo and just cut the lock off, and not every international country accepts them - though many do. It's best to check first, and not assume. Also, one shouldn't assume a TSA lock will keep your property safe. They're not the most substantive locks on the market, but meant for luggage - and also there are other ways to get into luggage, particularly if you have a soft-cloth bag. But they're a deterrent to thieves: if there is a bunch of luggage sitting around at an airport, and one has a lock and all the others don't, it's probably best to grab the luggage that's easiest to open.
In doing research on TSA-locks, there seemed to be a pattern of many of them having problems, some breaking, and sometimes others being unable to open. However, the three brands I've reviewed here have among the best track record from extensive user comments. Finally, while my preference is locks with four dials, which provide more security, those seem harder to find these days, for some reason, so all those tested here have three dials.
And now onto the locks.
Master Lock is one of the long-standing leaders in locks, and they have a wide range of TSA-approved locks. For our purposes, I took a look at the 4860D. It's a sturdy, steel lock that comes with a Travel Sentry approval. Twisting the number has a solid feel, and you line them up in boxes that align along the side. To set a combination, you turn the arm a quarter twist and push down on it and hold, while selecting your numbers. It's quite easy, though if you do have to be careful not to let your hand slip off during the process.
Once open, the arms spins easily, which helps in threading it through the clamps you plan to connect. It retails for $12.67, but at the time of writing could be found very inexpensively on Amazon for just $7. However, unlike the other two here below, which have full satisfaction guaranteed Lifetime Warranties, the Master Lock has a Lifetime Warranty but limited.
The Kolumbo TSA lock is similar to the Master Lock above, but with a couple of notable differences (plus and minus). It's well-made, with a sturdy feel, and I particularly like that it's quite easy to set a combination, the easiest of all three tested locks here - twist the arm, push it down and twist again. No needing to hold it down. This leaves both of your hands free to adjust the numbers, which show clearly in little boxes. The one small downside is that the arm doesn't spin around smoothly when open, unless it's in the exact proper position, and occasionally requires a little jiggling, though to be clear it does turn fine.
The Kolumbo has feature I like where a little button that will pop up if TSA agents have had to open the lock, letting you know if this was done out of your sight. It comes with a full lifetime warranty (if you're unhappy with it for any reason, they'll take it back) and retails for $18, but at the time of writing could be found on Amazon for $14. One odd note, you can only find information about the lock on Amazon, not on Kolumbo's own website. [http://www.kolumbo.us/] And one minor caveat: the Kolumbo lock comes in several colors, but I'd avoid the red one, since that's the same color as the Travel Sentry logo which alerts TSA officials that this is a TSA lock, and "red on red" risks being missed.
Tarriss takes a slightly different direction with its Travel Sentry-TSA lock, using a flexible steel cable rather than the more traditional iron bar. My first assumption was that I'd prefer the kind of "sturdy" bar-lock I was used to, but I've realized there's an advantage with the cable (which is, of course, plenty sturdy). It's that the cable, being far thinner and more flexible allows you to thread it between the small holes of zippers, or any other tight space you may want to lock.
The dials and connection-arrows are well-marked and easy to spin. Changing a combination is a slight bit of a juggling act, though, as you hold the pin in with a pen tip while setting the numbers you want. I actually screwed up the first time, and it didn't take. But the second attempt went fine. (When setting the combination on the second lock, I slipped again, though did get it right.) Of course, setting a combination is something you'll likely only do once per lock. The Tarriss locks use a push button on top which very conveniently pops the cable out.
The locks feel very well-made, with the same solid construction of the Tarris Luggage Scale, and it comes with a lifetime warranty. And it too comes with a free copy of Tarriss's surprisingly good "The Ultimate Insider's Guide to Traveling Through Airports" when you register. It comes as a PDF file. You also get a free subscription to periodic travel article updates, which I've found to be quite nice. The locks come in a double-pack which retail for $40, but could be found online at the time of writing for just $19. Oddly, like the Kolumbo, they're not available on the Tarriss website [http://tarrisstravelgear.com/], but only through Amazon. It comes with a "100% satisfaction guaranteed" lifetime warranty.
Lenmar is a company that makes very high quality products, mostly in the battery and portable charger fields. I haven't reviewed all that many of their devices, but whenever I have I've been impressed by how solid and well-made they've been. The Mutant is no exception. That said, I do have some questions as to its viability for most consumers, though if you have a need for it, particularly when traveling (hence its inclusion here), you should be very pleased.
The Mutant is an extremely high-capacity portable charger, with 20,800 mAh (that's like a dozen charges of a mobile phone) that can not only charge low-powered devices like mobile phones and portable speakers, but also tablets with their higher power requirements. Moreover, it comes with an international power adapter for use around the word.
Ultimately, it's that international power adapter why I've decided to review this as a travel product. That's not its only use - or for most people perhaps even its main use. But since it's a standout (and even unique) feature, I that it best to make special note of it.
The Mutant is a box just under 5"x6"x1" and weighs in at 10 ounces. So, this isn't something you'll likely stick in a purse or briefcase and carrying around every day. Where it fits in is at home as a device that lets you charge up to four devices at one time. All the slots are well-marked (something lacking in too many other such-units). There are two 1 mAh USB ports for mobile phones and small devices, along with a 2.4 mAh port for a tablet, and another 2.4 mAh port for an iPad (which has different power needs). A very bright series of lights lets you know how much charge is left. Additionally, this can serve as a wonderful backup in case of a power failure or emergency. You'll be able to power up most all of your mobile devices and extensively.
But as mentioned, I think the Mutant is particularly well-suited for travel. Just stick the unit in a suitcase and have it ready for charging in your hotel room. Finding wall sockets in a hotel room can be a challenge. But with the Mutant - and its massive capacity - you don't need wall sockets, you only have to plug into the device. And if you have a long trip and ever do need to recharge the Mutant, it's only this one device you need to plug in. Not random AC cables all over the room.
And then there's impressive feature that the Mutant comes with international adapters for use around the world. You can have a smaller, lighter portable charger when you go overseas, but without the ability to recharge that charger, you're out of luck. The Mutant provides adapter and also has a wall charger with 100-240 volts input.
So, that's the good. And there's much of it. But as I said, I do have some quibbles about viability for most people.
It also charges with a proprietary power block, rather an a basic USB cord, meaning you have even more weight to pack -- and something that can be lost. (There should at least be a carrying case for all the separate adapters.) And though many portable chargers these days come with built-in cables, you have to provide your own for the Mutant. Finally, it's pretty expensive, retailing at the time for writing for $199.
As I said, these are quibbles for general use. But to be clear, I do think there are people for whom the Lenmar Mutant will be very useful - despite its weight, the high capacity, four USB ports and international adapters can make this essential some, especially those who travel overseas a lot.
And if one has many heavy-use devices always in need of charging, the four USB is valuable, with a one-stop device for charging, rather than finding empty wall sockets or multi-port AC chargers. It's a very good portable charging device to toss in a car if you're on the road a lot. And a great back-up for emergencies.
And it's seriously well-made. So, while I have some questions whether the Lenmar Mutant finds general needs, it most definitely fits many specific ones.
Travel adapters are essential devices when going overseas. They convert the stand plugs of your home country to those of whatever nation you're visiting. I've reviewed several in the past, and they range in convenience, but the Satechi is easily the most unique.
First things first: as a travel adapter, this is a convenient self-contained device. That's personal choice which you'd prefer - ones that are self-contained don't have separate parts to keep track of, though they're a bit bulkier and heavier. Those with interchangeable plugs are light, but you need a bag to keep the parts from getting lost. The Satechi makes things a bit more convenient than most, where you have to figure out what region a specific plug fits - it has a sliding knob that's clearly labeled U.K. / Europe / USA-AUST. When you adjust the knob, the correct plug pops out. On the other end, it's designed so that whatever device you're plugging in will fit properly, as long as it's 6 amps or less. It has a 6 amps fuse, so you're protected against an oversurge.
There also are two slots each with an output of 2.1 amp to plug in any standard USB device, like if you need to charge your tablet. Therefore, it eliminates the need to pack an extra charger.
Your hotel room (or any room you're in) may have a weak Wi-Fi signal, and the Satechi can act as a booster, increasing the signals range.
Less likely for most people, but possible, you may come across a Smart TV or video game console that requires an Ethernet cable connection. Again, you can use the Satechi as a wireless adapter, which does the opposite of the feature above: it converts a wireless signal to a wired one.
But at its most basic, you may find yourself in a situation where you simply don't have a WiFi router. And this is a router, so it will create a personal WiFi connection for you.
Now, while all that sounds like it could be very convenient if needed, it also sounds technically convoluted. But the Satechi does a respectable job simplifying the process for using he device when traveling on the road. It's easy, but there is some configuring. The manual explains things pretty clearly, though the manual is quite thin on details, and I found that it helped to track down Satechi's own in-house YouTube videos which did a better job. Setting up the device as a standalone home router, though, was another matter: I thought the manual's information for this specifically was weak, and the in-house video doesn't address it. But I suspect most people will get the device just for travel.
For using it on the road, basically you plug the Travel Router into a wall socket - and then look on the device itself for all the pertinent information. It shows the SSID, for instance. (That's the name you'd look for to connect to in your computer or tablet's WiFi listings.) It also give you the website address to log onto and create your WiFi signal. And it even shows the default password...which you can change after you log onto that website address.
To be clear, I haven't yet been able to test this yet in a hotel overseas. For the most part, though, in the paces I did put it through, it works pretty well. It's not the most powerful router, but you're looking for convenience with this. Also, some hotels have unique names for their in-house networks that might not play nice with the Satechi. (For instance, network names with spaces won't pass through when you're setting things up on the Quick Settings pages, though I've read you can manually type in the full name to complete it.) Also, it only supports passwords with numbers and letters, so using special characters won't work, which might be an issue for those who are high-security conscious.
At the time of writing, it retailed for $44, but could be found online for $22. If all you need is a basic travel adapter, others do that more simply and lighter. But it's very reasonably light, and if you can find it at $22 that's a very good price, since you also get its versatility, if you ever need it. I found that it seemed to work respectable well, and it's an intriguing travel device.
Okay - here's another portable charger. But how in the world can I not include it in a travel article, its very name is "travel charger". TYLT is a company whose range of products I've come to like very much, for their design, cleverness and construction. This device is small and basic, but fits a valuable need. At first glance, it looks like nothing more than an AC charger with foldable plugs. (I love chargers with foldable plugs, by the way, it makes them SO much easier to carry). Stick a USB cable in, and you charge your devices. Fine, easy, done.
Except the Energi 2K has a second function - pull it out of the wall socket, and you have a portable charger, since it holds 2 mAh of output power, enough to charge a mobile phone. It's a very clever design, providing great usage as an AC wall charger and portable charger - another of my loves is multi-function devices.
I just have one caveat, but it's notable. The capacity is pretty small, and there are no built-in charging cables - meanwhile, myCharge makes the Hub 6000 that has an AC plug, as well, but also triple the capacity and built-in USB cables. To be clear, it's bigger and heavy, though highly portable, and it costs much more. At the time of writing, the TYLT Energi 2K retails for $40, while the myCharge retails for $100 though could be found online for $75.
As often happens, your needs determine what's most valuable to you. I happen to find built-in cables important. But if you want a portable charger that is lighter, less expensive and can also serve as a wall charger with AC plugs, something very easy to stick in your pocket -- and you're fine with carrying a charging cable -- the Energi 2K is a very nice, little device. In fact, with this in mind, where I can think best fits in is if you're looking for a basic wall charger for travel, the Energi 2K is a terrific choice for its dual usage. Yes, it will cost a little more, but to get a portable charger when you need it is a great back-up to have.
A cable? This is just a cable?? What in the world is up with that??! No doubt you have sacks of cables lying around. But that's sort of the point here. Often when traveling, people are required to carry around several USB cables, one of Micro-USB, one for Apple Lightning, maybe others, all of which get twisted around one another that you have to untangle when you want to use them.
The TYLT Syncable-Duo does what the company does so well - design things cleverly with added use. This is a single cable with two plugs - Lightning and micro-USB - that snap into one another. So, you only need this one cable when traveling, and it's a non-tangle design.
A strip of rubber keeps the two plugs connected. It seemed pretty sturdy when I tugged on it, though I don't know if a serious yank could snap it off. But treating it humanely would be just fine. At the time of writing, a one-foot Syncable-Duo retailed for $25. (There's a 3.3 foot model for $30.) Clearly if you have a lot of cables, you might decide you don't need to play for this. But keep in mind that if you have to buy a certified Lightning cable, the cost of it alone (generally around $10-14) might help justify this. Further, I found it very convenient to toss into a briefcase (or suitcase) and not worry about grabbing the right one and having to untangle it each time. | 2019-04-26T06:48:16Z | https://www.huffpost.com/entry/the-writers-workbench-tra_b_7801750?utm_hp_ref=technology&%3Bir=Technology |
Next week, I’ll be heading to VSLive. The pre-conference workshops actually begin Sunday, March 30, but I will be arriving a few days early for a short vacation with the family for Spring Break.
If you are going to be there and want to meet up, reply to this post or send me an email.
Also, if you are interested, I can give you a demo of the product I have been working on. It is called Reference Assistant and is a Visual Studio Add-In that helps resolve issues around project references and type information expressed in configuration files. Reference Assistant allows you to specify multiple sets of reference directories and dynamically switch between them, make sure that particular reference directories are always present for certain projects, add a reference directory to multiple projects at the same time, and helps resolve conflicts with different versions of assembly references. It also parses app.config section handler types and configuration files for the major Dependency Injection containers and helps to resolve those references. Reference Assistant supports its own method of extensibility allowing developers to add functionality that is not supported out of box. For instance, developers could add parsing for their own custom configuration file formats or support for a custom written plug-in discovery framework.
This is a brief description of the major features but there are many other smaller nice things as well. Reference Assistant is in closed beta currently but the public beta is coming very soon along with the launch of the website and much more information.
Even if you aren’t interested in a demo, we can get together and talk about .Net, Visual Studio, the sinking value of the US dollar, or whatever.
According to Redmond Developer News, the beta of Mono 2.0 will be available for download Friday March 14. Mono is an open source implementation of the .Net CLR and libraries and runs on many platforms, including OSX, Windows, and Linux.
I am a little mystified as to why a developer would target Mono if they need to run on Windows, but then I have always been a little puzzled with certain aspects of the Open Source movement. If the CLR is free for me to use in terms of costs to me or my customers, and available on pretty much every windows installation out there, then that is free enough for me.
Now targeting other operating systems with Mono is a different matter all together and is where I see Mono as a useful and quite interesting tool.
They already have Mono running on the iPhone.
Cocoa# has been developed to provide cocoa bindings.
I would imagine that Silverlight will help out some with Mono adoption since the team is also making that available on Linux via the Moonlight project.
I will be moving my Visual Studio Links series to Visual Studio Hacks. James Avery, author of the book by the same name, is revamping the site and will be adding a lot of content.
In addition to Visual Studio Links, I will also write articles on Visual Studio periodically so make sure to subscribe to the rss feed.
For those who subscribe to this site, or visit often, I will still post entries here that are more general .Net programming topics.
My latest in a series of the weekly, or more often, summary of interesting links I come across related to Visual Studio.
Vishal Joshi posted an overview of the VS tooling integration that shipped with ASP.NET MVC last week.
Marlon Grech discusses how to add Input Prompt support in Vista with WPF using Avalon Controls Library.
Via Steve Pietrek: Letz Roeder has released version 5.1 of .NET Reflector.
Via Jason Haley: Creating a Debugger Visualizer for Graphics instances on Code Project. Source included, of coarse.
Via email from Ted Heuer: ILog has released an open source java to C# translater that can handle generic types. According to ILog, this is used internally to help port their java rules engine product to .Net. It is also available as an Eclipse plug-in that can take an Eclipse project and generate a VS project.
Alessandro Del Sole has written an article on Code Project explaining how to Use WPF Controls in VSTO Solutions with Visual Basic 2008.
Sara Ford explains how to turn off the prompting to rename your classes when you rename the files in Visual Studio. With this option turned off, the renaming happens automatically without the prompt.
Carlos Quintero pointed out an excellent set of posts dedicated to learning the VS SDK.
Carlos Quintero posted an excellent summary of resolving Type instances and information from within VS.
This is a nice post on how to incorporate the Subersion revision number in to the assemblyinfo version number when building.
Alexander Brutt posted a VS 2005 project template for creating Sharepoint 2007 Timer Jobs (scheduled tasks that run under Sharepoint). The post also includes a link that explains how to create the actual timer jobs.
The WPF Controls library, Avalon Controls Library on Codeplex, has been updated to v2.
Via DotNetKicks, Windows Vista Controls for .Net version 1.3 released. This is a .Net control library for VS 2008 and windows vista, hosted on CodePlex.
Sara Ford posted a tip on how to stop the toolbox from auto-populating items in your solution. She suggests that this could speed up load time for solutions containing large projects.
The sessions from the recent Mix conference have been posted here. Sessions on ASP.NET MVC and Silverlight 2.0 are included along with many other topics.
Haibo Luo has updated his ILVisualizer debugger visualizer for 2008. This visualizer will show the IL for methods you are debugging. Source code included.
Scott Guthrie discusses Silverlight 2.0 Beta 1.
Ayende Rahien, a contributor to NHibernate along with many other open source projects, has written up a post listing the features he likes about the ORM tool.
I am a fan of ORM and have used NHibernate extensively on a large project over the last few years. Prior to that, I had used TopLink and Hibernate on java projects.
Caching. NHibernate is specifically flexible in this area but many ORM products excel in this area over sql based DAL implementations.
Multi-database support. Using an ORM insulates your code from the differences in database dialects. This might sound insignificant, but if you have ever had to migrate any application from Oracle to SQLServer, for instance, you will know what a chore it can be.
A dramatic reduction in plumbing code for your application. Although he does not directly say this in his list, he does mention writing applications with no sql in them. What I’ve noticed is that there is a ton of code that gets written in your application just to put data in your domain model and pull it back out. Using an ORM removes this code from your application and puts in the domain of the ORM, which is code someone else writes and tests.
Even though you are not writing sql, you still have to perform the mapping.
The sql generated by the ORM cannot be optimized for specific cases and will be slower.
Using an ORM makes the data access problems more difficult to debug.
Everyone knows sql and nobody knows <ORM product>.
This is a good point. It is true that the work of mapping data to columns in a database is moved from sql to the mapping layer of the ORM. In the case of NHibernate, this would be XML files. So in that instance, no work or time is saved. Where the time savings comes in to the picture is when the actual mappings are used. NHibernate takes those mapping files and performs the domain object instantiation and population for you.
Detractors of the ORM approach might counter with the argument that the usage of the ADO.net data constructs, for instance the typed dataset, also removes the need to write object population code. Although this might be true, I believe that passing ADO.net data types around your application leads to poor application architecture, not to mention performance problems. Typed datasets are notoriously slow when it comes to serialization.
This might be true for certain ORM products, but has not been my experience with NHibernate. The generated sql is quite good. However, I have encountered situations where the sql has been unacceptably slow and in those cases I can almost always place the blame on a poorly designed database model.
NHibernate has the ability to pass sql to the database, if needed. SQL optimizations can also be placed in the mapping files to help in situations where NHibernate could not generate the optimal queries. Named Query support, added to NHibernate 1.2, has helped as well for specific query situations that might not be the normal path for searching for a given object type.
This is always an interesting discussion to have with a stubborn developer. Yes, it is true that a method invocation via reflection would be slower than a method invocation compiled into the IL directly. The tradeoff you are making is flexibility for a little speed. The reality of the situation is that the slowdown for reflection will be dwarfed by the IO wait for the database and you will not notice it.
NHibernate also has functionality called the reflection optimizer which will dynamically generate classes for populating your domain objects at startup time. This a tradeoff in startup time to remove the cost of reflection for each domain object population. Early versions of the reflection optimizer were noticeably slower at startup for larger numbers of mapped classes, but this has been corrected in the newer versions of NHibernate.
Performance problems in enterprise applications are caused by poor database design or poor approaches to data retrieval in 99% of cases. I should also lump screens that have too much data on them in with this category as well. The other 1% of the time the performance problems are caused by poorly written threaded code, poor algorithms, and poor integration choices with 3rd party applications. I have never encountered an enterprise application that was too slow because of reflection usage.
Using an ORM makes the data access problems different to debug.
Most of time, a developer simply needs to familiarize themselves with the debugging facilities available in the ORM tool they are using. There is cost to learning what is available, just as there is a cost up front for learning any new tool or concept, but the productivity that ORM gives a project overall will make up for the learning curve.
I also hear this complaint a lot at the beginning of project where I propose using ORM. It is difficult to convince someone that ORM will payoff after the learning curve is overcome when they have never used an ORM product. There are many blog posts on the web complaining that ORM does not pay off in the long run but this simply has not been my experience.
The response I usually give is to try the product for a pilot or proof of concept to test the pluses and minuses. Most clients are won over when they see the benefits of caching in the ORM and the ability to migrate databases with just minor mapping file changes (or maybe none). Also, when they actually try using NHibernate or another ORM product, they find that the product is not quite as unapproachable from a technical standpoint as they thought when they first heard of the concept.
The February 29 episode of This Week on Channel 9 discusses a few interesting Visual Studio items: Extensibility videos are discussed. The upcoming release of XNA Studio will support game development on the Zune device – debugging, performance tools, and all the normal goodness will be fully supported. VSTO Power Toys released.
Sara Ford shows how to jump to the Visual Studio command line in one of her tip of the day posts.
Terry Clancy posted new links to the VSIP site that give listings of partner products for Requirements Management, Secure Application Development, and Cross-Platform Development.
Via Jason Haley: David Vidmar shows how to select a string, including surrounding quotes, from within a VS add-in. This code could pretty easily be put in a macro.
Roberto Alexis Farah posted some WinDbg goodness – Using ~, the Thread Identifier.
As previously discussed, Microsoft released Preview 2 of ASP.NET MVC and Silverlight 2 Beta 1 at Mix. Busy day for ScottGu’s group.
Scott Hanselman posted 4 screencasts demonstrating the usage of ASP.NET MVC Preview 2.
Carlos Quintero posted an article explaining how to programmatically add an event handler to a WinForm control from within a VS Add-in.
Preview 2 of ASP.NET MVC has been posted to Microsoft Downloads.
One of the nice features that will be available this time around is full source code and permission to compile it if you need to fix a bug.
Release Notes are available here. I was pleased to see a few of the items that I had complained about corrected in this release.
IControllerFactory.CreateController() now takes a string for the controller name instead of a Type instance. This helps a lot for IOC containers because most people seem to prefer names instead of types.
and most important: ControllerBuilder.SetDefaultControllerFactory has been renamed to SetControllerFactory and now has an override that takes and instance of IControllerFactory.
The last one is nice because I had to write some ugly code before in SpringControllerFactory (MVCContrib) because SetDefaultControllerFactory had previously taken a Type parameter for the IControllerFactory. If you wanted to share a spring.net context between the controller factory instance and another part of your app you had to resort to the ugly code method because you had no control over when and how often the controller factory was created.
Thanks should go to the ASP.NET MVC development team for obviously taking feedback from the community seriously. Check the release notes for other improvements to the api.
Microsoft Silverlight Tools Beta 1 for Visual Studio 2008 has been posted to the Microsoft Download Center.
This download will install the VS integration (new project templates, debugging, etc..) as well as Silverlight 2 Beta 1 and the Silverlight 2 SDK Beta 1.
Jason Kresowaty has done a lot of work putting together a good overview of writing your own custom FxCop rules. His tutorial covers the current 1.36 beta.
Carlos Quintero has added two good posts to his blog on VS Extensibility. The first is an explanation of how to tell that a project is in debug or release configuration. Carlos explains the differences between C# and VB.Net projects in this respect as well. The second is how to execute a build for all projects in a solution from within a macro or add-in.
The VS Code Analysis Team explained how to turn off FxCop checking for generated code. This is specific to the new 1.36 version.
This is not really related to VS, but cool nonetheless. The Sysinternals team has updated Process Explorer. Process Explorer is like windows task manager on steroids. Via Steve Pietrek.
Scott Guthrie shows the new support in Expression Blend for Silverlight 2.0. Tutorial goodness.
The Windows SDK Team Blog has a discussion of how to integrate the SDK with Visual Studio 2008 using the new SDK Configuration Tool.
The VS Extensibility Team has released PowerCommands for Visual Studio 2008. The tool adds new menu items in various places in Visual Studio. The Visual Studio Gallery video on Channel 9 has a brief demo of this tool at the end.
Via Jason Haley, here is an interesting post about Authenticode signing assemblies and what the framework does with those assemblies. Speaking of Authenticode, I recently had to go through the process of buying my own certificate and Andy Brice recently posted about certificate authorities and the cost of certificates. His post hit home in a lot of areas and was humorous in others. For full disclosure purposes, I went with Comodo for my cert.
Visual Studio 2005 can break hard links to files when you edit them.
ERROR_CODE: (NTSTATUS) 0xe06d7363 – <Unable to get error code text> – may mean a corrupt .Net install.
You can get trace output on a machine where VS is not installed.
Many fixes available for Visual Studio 2005 Team System Database Professional.
VS 2005 may crash when compiling a large VB project.
When a project is on a mapped drive, Edit and Continue does not work. | 2019-04-19T16:35:18Z | http://blog.darrenstokes.com/2008/03/ |
"How Many Times Can You Eat Kettle And Fire Chicken Bone Broth "
If you Love How Many Times Can You Eat Kettle And Fire Chicken Bone Broth then you are at the right place!!
How Many Times Can You Eat Kettle And Fire Chicken Bone Broth is made from pet bones and also connective tissue-- typically livestock, chicken, or fish-- that have actually been steamed into a broth as well as slow-moving simmered for 10 to more than 20 hours with natural herbs, vegetables, as well as spices. So why is this relatively simple liquid something you would certainly want to consume alcohol on a daily basis How Many Times Can You Eat Kettle And Fire Chicken Bone Broth ?
Also our hunter-gatherer ancestors realized that alcohol consumption How Many Times Can You Eat Kettle And Fire Chicken Bone Broth resembled striking dietary gold, as its earliest variation go back over 2,500 years. Discarding anything edible ran out the question back then, so animal hooves, knuckles, bones, and also other connective cells never went to lose. Bone broth has a rich background of being utilized in typical Chinese medicine as a digestion tonic, blood builder, as well as kidney strengthener due to the high collagen content, bioavailable minerals, anti-inflammatory amino acids, and also healing compounds that can only be located in bones and also connective cells How Many Times Can You Eat Kettle And Fire Chicken Bone Broth.
Watch as celebrity health and wellness instructor, Thomas DeLauer breaks down the ins as well as outs of what bone broth really is. In just 2 minutes, he'll talk about what bone broth is as well as what it can do for your gut, joint, and skin wellness How Many Times Can You Eat Kettle And Fire Chicken Bone Broth.
Some telephone call How Many Times Can You Eat Kettle And Fire Chicken Bone Broth meat water. We call it liquid gold.
What makes this stuff so unique? The brief solution is collagen. Bones as well as connective tissue are the just real nutritional sources of type II collagen-- a healthy protein that's recognized for keeping skin smooth and also supple and teeth as well as joints healthy, along with proclaiming loads of various other health benefits.
In addition to collagen, bones are additionally packed with several anti-inflammatory amino acids, minerals, and compounds that can help speed up your body's all-natural recovery processes from points like sports injuries, joint inflammation, or leaky intestine.
So, these "scraps" that a lot of us generally toss in the trash are severe dietary giants. But when was the last time you chowed down on a piece of cow's knuckle? Or snacked on an ox tail? We'll think the solution is never.
Given that we don't eat bones in their entire kind, preparing them right into a broth that's simmered for 10 to 20 hrs (or more) is the best way to release their effective nutrients, and experience a whole brand-new degree of health and wellness.
DEMAND A FAST EXPLANATION ON WHAT EXACTLY IS HOW MANY TIMES CAN YOU EAT KETTLE AND FIRE CHICKEN BONE BROTH ?
Enjoy as Celebrity Health And Wellness Instructor, Thomas DeLauer damages down the ins and also outs of what bone broth actually is. In just 2 mins, he'll speak about what bone broth is and also what it can do for your gut, joint, and skin wellness how many times can you eat kettle and fire chicken bone broth.
Bone broth has a rich background of being utilized as a digestive tonic, especially in conventional Chinese medication some 2,500 years ago. Today, it is among the leading suggested foods for boosting symptoms of persistent gastrointestinal problems, such as Short-tempered Digestive Tract Disorder (IBS), Crohn's condition, and colitis.
The reason for why bone broth is so healing for the digestive tract returns to collagen, which creates jelly when it's cooked down even additionally. Collagen and gelatin are not just rich in amino acids that reduce swelling in the GI tract-- such as glutamine-- they likewise have the one-of-a-kind capability to "seal as well as heal" openings in the intestine cellular lining, which can cause a condition called leaky intestine syndrome.
Although research is in the early stages, there's evidence to show that leaky intestine is the primary hidden root cause of digestive conditions. It's also a contributor to autoimmune illness, depression, mind fog, anxiousness, allergies, dermatitis, acne, and also persistent low power. Most awful of all, dripping gut can be silent and reveal no signs in the beginning. It's also thought to impact over 70% of the population.
Bone broth is advised on special gut recovery diet regimens and also methods, like the SPACES diet regimen, the SCD diet plan, as well as the Low FODMAP diet regimen.
Whether it's an injury, joint inflammation, or aching muscle mass, there's no better method to nourish your bones and also joints than by consuming more of the nutrients currently discovered within them, including hyaluronic acid, glucosamine, chondroitin, calcium, and also magnesium. Bone broth is loaded with every one of these nutrients, plus several amino acids that help reduce joint pain and swelling, like glycine and proline. It's for these factors that bone broth is becoming a best healing drink among professional athletes.
An enjoyable reality: Kettle and Fire Bone Broth was birthed because our founder, Nick, tore his ACL playing soccer as well as needed a top notch bone broth to assist quicken his healing time. (You can learn more on that particular below.).
Adhering to a bone broth diet is fantastic for lasting weight management. A bone broth diet entails consuming Paleo for 5 days and also fasting for two. During this timespan you'll consume bone broth frequently with a boost in use on the fasting days.
The mix of recurring fasting as well as bone broth increases fat burning through burning fat more efficiently as well as restricting calorie consumption. When doing the diet, we also observed a reduction in cellulite.
Fat-Burning Bone Broth Cocktail How Many Times Can You Eat Kettle And Fire Chicken Bone Broth.
With just a few active ingredients, this recipe is best for a scrumptious and also extremely simple fat-burning mixed drink that you can whip up instantaneously on active early mornings prior to job or in the evenings post-workout.
Even if you had actually never come across bone broth previously, you have actually most likely become aware of collagen, thanks to the beauty industry.
Numerous anti-aging skin care lines include collagen to their face creams, moisturizers, and products (and market them for a pretty penny). However what many people do not know is that collagen particles are also big to be taken in via the skin, which indicates these creams can't provide much in the method of outcomes.
Fortunately is that collagen can be soaked up through your gastrointestinal system. As well as due to the fact that there's a direct link between the digestive tract and also the skin, including bone broth to your diet is going to have an even more powerful and also lasting effect on the overall appearance and wellness of your skin.
Allow's not ignore hair as well as nails, which are composed of healthy proteins like collagen. Collagen aids reinforce nails, and encourages hair to expand in thicker, quicker, and also handle a healthy luster. (Remember this for the following time you get a negative haircut!).
Deep, relaxing sleep is something we can all utilize a bit even more of. As a matter of fact, statistics show the ordinary individual gets less than 7 hours of rest per evening, so it is very important to do everything you can to make those hours count.
Bone broth is abundant in glycine, an anti-inflammatory amino acid that services the Central Nervous System (CNS). When taken prior to bed as a supplement, research studies show glycine can boost sleep top quality and also decrease daytime drowsiness. It's much more effective when paired with other sleep-supportive nutrients, like calcium and also magnesium.
Every one of the advantages you reap from bone broth, your expanding infant will certainly experience, as well-- including healthy bones, joints, as well as a strong digestion system.
When morning sickness hits, it can be difficult to keep healthy food down. However bone broth often tends to be relaxing for nausea or vomiting, and also is generally well tolerated. Most importantly, bone broth uses numerous of the nutrients you and your growing baby need, consisting of healthy protein, and also crucial minerals and vitamins. As an added incentive, the sluggish simmer time of the bones makes the nutrients in bone broth very bioavailable and simpler to absorb than a dietary supplement.
Bone broth can also aid raise fertility, help you have a more comfy maternity by nourishing stiff or uncomfortable joints, and also may raise calcium levels in bust milk.
Bone broth is an exceptional resource of nutrition on the Paleo diet regimen, and also is urged to drink throughout periods of periodic fasting. It likewise suits well with macronutrient demands on the keto diet regimen, and also may help reduce signs of the keto influenza.
" Not just can bone broth assist you stay clear of keto flu, however it's additionally filled with minerals that recover leaking gut as well as decrease swelling in your intestines." - Leanne Vogel, Author of The Keto Diet plan.
The nourishment and also recovery capacity of bone broth is so effective, that an entire diet plan-- The Bone Broth Diet-- has been developed around it.
The nutrients in bone broth make it an effective functional food that can profit your whole family-- including your hair infants. Bone broth benefits your animal's shiny layer, bones, joints, digestion, as well as teeth.
Below you can figure out just how Nellie, a 15 year old rescue dog, beat her chances of living by only consuming alcohol bone broth.
Rich in collagen - Organic hen bones (especially feet!) include added collagen to your broth. Our chicken bone broth contains 6 grams of collagen per offering.
Loaded with protein - Hen is a wonderful healthy protein source and also same goes for poultry bones. Kettle & Fire bone broth comes packed with 10 grams of protein per serving How Many Times Can You Eat Kettle And Fire Chicken Bone Broth.
Reduces intestine inflammation - Bone broth assists recover as well as secure a leaking digestive tract which is the root cause for lots of autoimmune diseases.
Rich in bone marrow - Bone broth made from 100% lawn fed livestock and simmered over long cook times removes bone marrow that contains healthy and balanced nourishing hormones as well as lipids.
Loaded with amino acids - Similar to hen bone broth, the nutrients removed from beef bones contain amino acids like glycine as well as glutamine that boosts food digestion and repair work your gut cellular lining.
No. Plants are a terrific source of nutrients that can aid promote your body to produce its own collagen, however there is no known plant food that provides type II collagen, the kind that uses every one of the health advantages listed above.
One thing to consider about bone broth that sets it besides plant foods: Also if you do eat a variety of plants that are abundant in collagen-boosting nutrients, if you have a damaged gastrointestinal system or leaking intestine, you might not totally absorb them. On the various other hand, the collagen in bone broth is incredibly easy to absorb, also for those with endangered digestive system systems.
Obviously, you do not just need to drink it-- although we do have a complimentary and impressive downloadable bone broth drinking overview for when you do. You can mix bone broth right into your eco-friendly shakes, make healthy and balanced collagen gummy bears, as well as use it in every little thing from scrambled eggs, soups, curries, stews, morning meal bowls, and also tacos.
We slow-simmer the natural bones to draw out the collagen, healthy proteins, and amino acids right into a nutrient-rich bone broth. The outcome is a collagen-rich, high protein bone broth that gives your body the nutrients it requires to flourish.
Bone broth is an all-in-one superfood, packed with nutrients that provide power and also motivation, help you sleep better, make your skin look smoother, as well as can aid recover digestive system issues like dripping intestine.
Bones as well as connective cells are storehouses for vital amino acids and also minerals-- which are doing not have in numerous diet plans today. Bone Broth is likewise an indispensable resource of protein, collagen as well as gelatin.
It's not viable to consume entire bones or tissue, yet you can still delight in these wellness advantages by sipping bone broth. Collagen is removed when you simmer bones for an extended period of time. Normally, the longer bone broth simmers, the even more collagen you'll extract.
Making bone broth is an easy process, yet one that calls for plenty of time and also perseverance. If time is out your side we can aid you out with that said.
Bone broth is made by simmering pet bones and also tissue for at the very least 10 hours with vegetables, natural herbs, and flavors such as thyme, garlic, as well as bay leaves. Top notch bone broth starts with high-quality active ingredients, utilizing bones from natural grass-fed pets and also organic vegetables. While any kind of bone or ligament can be utilized, knuckles, poultry feet, as well as thigh bones have a tendency to have the most collagen.
Simmering bones for an extended amount of time is what gives bone broth its health benefits, drawing out the amino acids, minerals, and collagen. This is a Kettle & Fire-tested slow-moving cooker poultry bone broth recipe that includes natural hen bones, sea salt, fresh veggies like celery stalks, onions, and also bell peppers, as well as natural herbs like parsley, rosemary, and also thyme.
Merely cooking bones (no meat) as well as water is going to be mainly tasteless. Cooking the mix for hours at a time isn't going to make it taste any kind of better.
The suggestion that you're obtaining lots of nutrients from the bones is a MISCONCEPTION that won't die, although it has been unmasked numerous times, consisting of with lab tests. The notion that including vinegar to "launch" those nutrients has actually likewise been debunked. You just wind up with a watery mess that tastes of vinegar.
Rather, purchase bones with meat on them. After that include veggies such as onions, carrots, celery, and simply sufficient water to cover whatever (normally 8 or 10 mugs). Miss the vinegar! Simmer for 3 to 4 hours for chicken, somewhat much longer for beef. Season according to preference. If you have an Instantaneous Pot, 25 to 35 mins is about right.
What you will obtain with this technique is a very tasty broth that's most likely substantially extra nutritious-- including great deals of collagen-- as well as even more healthful than any type of bone broth, and also it will taste one hell of a great deal far better. You can either eat the meat and veggies (it's called SOUP) or you can stress them out and simply consume the broth if you prefer.
See, bare bones that have no meat, or, even worse, carcass bones that have actually currently been prepared as well as stripped of their meat, have nearly zero flavor on their own.
Inspect Ina Garten's dish for chicken broth. It's very similar to this one as well as has actually been used with minor variations by knowledgeable chefs for years.
Normal broth and also supply are simmered for a shorter amount of time than bone broth, about 2-- 6 hours. The expedited cooking procedure reduces the amount of useful jelly drawn out from the bones, reducing its capacity to improve the body immune system, recover digestive system concerns, as well as reduce the signs of dripping gut.
Prior To Kettle and Fire was birthed, one of our founders, Nick, tore his ACL playing football (ouch). His brother Justin found out about the advantages of bone broth for injury healing. As his timetable didn't leave much time to make bone broth from scratch, he laid out to acquire a store-bought, premium, grass-fed bone broth, considering that both of their busy routines didn't leave much time to make the broth themselves. (You can learn more about our story below.).
Regardless of just how difficult Justin looked, the optimal bone broth really did not exist. He searched for one that was one hundred percent natural, fresh-- never frozen-- grass-fed, as well as sluggish simmered (in addition to one that might be delivered without wasteful, cumbersome packaging). So, Nick and Justin determined to develop a top notch bone broth on their terms, which is the dish we're honored to offer you today.
" Pot & Fire offers a beneficial, quality bone broth in a delicious as well as hassle-free shelf-stable format. I enjoy always knowing that I have actually got excellent broth handy, without clogging up my freezer or needing defrosting." - Dr. Sarah Ballantyne, three-time NYT Best-Selling Author.
The attractive thing about bone broth is that there's really no limitation to just how you can include it to your diet. Apart from soups, stews, and simple ol' drinking, bone broth blends surprisingly well right into nearly any recipe-- even smoothies! Right here are our leading ways to get it:.
Our bone broth preferences delicious enough to sip by itself, but you can flavor it as much as match your taste buds. We created our favored flavor mixes in this free downloadable "Bone Broth Sipping Overview" (bone broth matcha lattes, anyone?). Obtain your free duplicate here.
Consuming alcohol bone broth doesn't have to be monotonous-- there are endless methods to spice it and also sip it. Get instant accessibility to over 15 of our preferred bone broth drinking combinations, including ginger and turmeric bone broth restorative and also chili, and cardamom bone broth potion. Discover how to use bone broth in your matcha lattes, golden milk, as well as exotic fruit healthy smoothies.
Our beef bone broth has a light flavor, which allows it to blend easily with virtually anything, from healthy smoothies to healthy and balanced gummy bears. Our poultry bone broth and also mushroom poultry bone broth enhance the savory flavor of soups, stews, and also risotto dishes. A few of our faves consist of:.
If you wish to experience more energy and vigor than ever before, we reccomend checking out The Bone Broth Diet, produced by Dr. Kellyann Petrucci.
The Bone Broth Diet not just raises your consumption of the healing nutrients and substances important for gut, skin, joint, as well as bone wellness, yet helps deal with systemic swelling, which is at the root cause of most Western ailments and illness.
The bone broth diet regimen is a 21-day strategy that's ideal for anyone struggling with a persistent wellness problem (such as an autoimmune disorder), or any person who intends to reset their digestion system as well as experience beautiful wellness. Discover more about the 21-day bone broth diet right here. | 2019-04-20T05:06:54Z | http://urbanhotlist.com/bone-broth/kettle-and-fire/chicken/how-many-times-can-you-eat-kettle-and-fire-chicken-bone-broth/index.php |
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KETUBAH ORDERS: These procedures apply to all ketubahs, personalized wedding vows, or other similar personalized products (“ketubah,” “ketubahs”) ordered through our site.
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A family history of breast cancer has long been thought to indicate the presence of inherited genetic events that predispose to this disease. In North Africa, many specific epidemio-genetic characteristics have been observed in breast cancer families when compared to Western populations. Despite these specificities, the majority of breast cancer genetics studies performed in North Africa remain restricted to the investigation of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. Thus, comprehensive data at a whole exome or whole genome level from local patients are lacking.
A whole exome sequencing (WES) of seven breast cancer Tunisian families have been performed using a family-based approach. We focused our analysis on BC-TN-F001 family that included two affected members that have been sequenced using WES. Relevant variants identified in BC-TN-F001 have been confirmed using Sanger sequencing. Then, we conducted an integrative analysis by combining our results with those from other WES studies in order to figure out the genetic transmission model of the newly identified genes. Biological network construction and protein–protein interactions analyses have been performed to decipher the molecular mechanisms likely accounting for the role of these genes in breast cancer risk.
Sequencing, filtering strategies, and validation analysis have been achieved. For BC-TN-F001, no deleterious mutations have been identified on known breast cancer genes. However, 373 heterozygous, exonic and rare variants have been identified on other candidate genes. After applying several filters, 12 relevant high-risk variants have been selected. Our results showed that these variants seem to be inherited in a family specific model. This hypothesis has been confirmed following a thorough analysis of the reported WES studies. Enriched biological process and protein–protein interaction networks resulted in the identification of four novel breast cancer candidate genes namely MMS19, DNAH3, POLK and KATB6.
In this first WES application on Tunisian breast cancer patients, we highlighted the impact of next generation sequencing technologies in the identification of novel breast cancer candidate genes which may bring new insights into the biological mechanisms of breast carcinogenesis. Our findings showed that the breast cancer predisposition in non-BRCA families may be ethnic and/or family specific.
A range of genetic and non-genetic risk factors contribute to the development of breast cancer . So far, several genetic variants of high, moderate and low penetrance have been identified as impacting on breast cancer risk using familial linkage, DNA resequencing and genome wide association analysis, respectively . The identification of additional breast cancer associated genes is crucial to explain the missing breast cancer heritability. Recent studies showed that breast cancer susceptibility may be explained by a polygenic risk model of inheritance in which a large number of common SNPs contribute multiplicatively towards risk . With the introduction of next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies [4, 5] many studies suggested that a large rate of the remaining breast cancer heritability can be attributed to new rare risk alleles that segregate in an autosomal-dominant pattern of inheritance.
To date, two different whole exome sequencing study designs are used: case/control association studies and the family-based approach. The case/control design is considered as the major promising tool to detect significant associations between genetic variations and breast cancer disease . However, due to the extreme rarity of certain variants, this approach requires large-size cohorts to confirm the association between these variants and breast cancer risk. The second WES design is the family-based approach where breast cancer family members are exome-sequenced and the shared variants between affected individuals presumably include the familial breast cancer risk allele. Thus, focusing on the family segregation of relevant variants is expected to better detect novel susceptibility variants than the screening of pooled unrelated cases and controls.
Several WES studies have been performed on hereditary breast cancer [7, 8]. Almost, 108 breast cancer families have been whole exome sequenced using the family-based approach and reported many relevant variants present in related affected individuals and absent in unaffected ones. So far, five new genes have been identified by WES as associated with breast cancer risk, among them four genes identified using the family-based approach, namely: XRCC2 , MAPKAP1 , FANCM and RINT1 while only one gene, REQCL, was identified using the case/control approach . Mutations on known breast cancer susceptibility genes were reported in only four families [10–14].
In Tunisia, breast cancer is the most common and the most deadly form of cancer among females . Several epidemiological, genetic and clinical breast cancer characteristics have been observed to be unique to Tunisian and North African population. Indeed, breast cancer shows a lower incidence rate but a younger age of disease onset, when compared to Western populations, with a relative high frequency of the aggressive breast cancer forms such as inflammatory and triple negative breast cancers . Thus, a genetic predisposition specific to this ethnic group is plausible, [8, 17, 18]. Moreover, it is possible that breast cancer risk variants are so rare that they are “family specific” meaning that a genetic predisposition can be detected within a disease-prone family, but not necessarily shared with other genetically unrelated families with the same disease [19–21].
So far, genetic studies performed on Tunisian breast cancer patients mostly focused on the BRCA genes using the traditional Sanger technique. Therefore, the use of next generation sequencing technologies in the genetic investigation of these under-exploited populations may help identifying novel breast cancer risk allele and explain the remaining unresolved breast cancer genetic heritability.
In the present study, we performed a whole exome sequencing of seven BRCAx breast cancer Tunisian families with strong family history in order to identify genetic variations that may be associated with breast cancer risk. Using the family-based approach, we focused our analysis on a non BRCA family by sequencing two out of three affected sisters. After comparing our results to those identified in previous WES studies and by performing biological network analysis, we identified a set of novel breast cancer candidate genes that seems to be inherited in a family specific manner.
Seven Tunisian breast cancer families were selected for WES based on the following criteria: (1) Presence of at least three related first or second-degree breast cancer cases; (2) Breast cancer in young patients aged less than 35 years, (3) Presence of at least two cases of breast or ovarian cancer, regardless of age, and at least one case of pancreatic cancer or prostate cancer in a related first or second degree patient. Blood samples have been collected from the affected family members and have been sampled in the Medical oncology department, Abderrahman Mami Hospital, Ariana, Tunisia. Written informed consents were obtained from all participants. Ethical approval according to the Declaration of Helsinki Principles was obtained from the biomedical ethics committee of Institut Pasteur de Tunis (2017/16/E/Hôpital a-m/V1).
Two out of three affected sisters from BC-TN-F001 have been whole exome sequenced. The proband was diagnosed with a primary breast cancer at age 43 and contralateral invasive ductal breast carcinoma at age 48. The second family member involved in this study was diagnosed with an invasive breast cancer at age 56. Phenotypic characteristics of the affected family members are described in Table 1.
For each participant, total genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood using the salting out method or the DNeasy blood Kit from Qiagen according to the manufacturer’s instructions. DNA purity and concentration were measured using a NanoDrop™ spectrophotometer.
Samples were prepared according to Agilent’s SureSelect Protocol version 1.2 and enrichment was carried out according to Agilent SureSelect protocols. Enriched samples were sequenced on the Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform using TruSeq v3 chemistry with paired-end (2 × 100pb).
Exome DNA sequences were mapped to their location in the build of the human genome (hg19/b37) using the Burrows–Wheeler Aligner (BWA) package. The subsequent SAM files were converted to BAM files using Samtools. Duplicate reads were removed using Picard. GATK was then used to recalibrate the base quality scores as well as for SNP and short INDEL calling. Annotation and prioritization of potential disease-causing variants were performed using VarAFT (Variant Annotation and Filtering Tool) (http://varaft.eu). To annotate variants, VarAFT uses ANNOVAR, a command line tool. INDELs and SNPs annotated were filtered according to several criteria: (1) considering breast cancer as autosomal dominant disease and removing variants that were found in a homozygous state, (2) variants identified as intronic, intergenic, and none coding or synonymous were discarded, (3) assuming that causal variants are rare, we removed all variants with an allele frequency > 1% either in Exac , 1000 genomes or ESP6500 (http://evs.gs.washington.edu/EVS/), (4) benign or tolerated variants, according to different in silico prediction tools were also removed. Finally, significant candidate variants were obtained after filtering against their phenotypic relevance.
The Sanger sequencing technique was first used to test the BRCA status of affected family members, then to validate the identified variants resulting from the whole exome sequencing. PCR reactions were performed on genomic DNA (gDNA), following standard protocols, followed by Sanger sequencing using an automated sequencer (ABI 3500; Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA) using a cycle sequencing reaction kit (Big Dye Terminator kit, Applied Biosystems). Data were analyzed using BioEdit Sequence Alignment Editor Version 7.2.5.
We selected four in silico prediction tools to assess the functional effects of the candidate variants: Sorting Intolerant From Tolerant (SIFT) (http://sift.jcvi.org/) to examine the degree of conservation for amino acid residues across species and to find changes in protein structure and function; PolyPhen-2 (http://genetics.bwh.harvard.edu/pph2/) and Mutation Taster (http://www.mutationtaster.org/) to assess the impact of mutations on protein function and to look at effects on splicing or mRNA expression and Align GVGD (http://agvgd.iarc.fr) that classifies missense variants in a query sequence into seven grades, from the most deleterious C65 to the least deleterious C0, with the intermediate grades C15, C25, C35, C45 and C55 . The program is based on Grantham calculation, a combination of Grantham Variation (GV) which measures the amount of observed biochemical evolutionary variation at a specific position of the alignment, and Grantham Deviation (GD) which measures the biochemical difference between the missense residue and the range of variation observed at this position in the alignment.
To discern the implication of the candidate breast cancer genes, several bioinformatics tools have been used to explore their biological pathways and the possible protein–protein interactions.
We first performed a functional analysis using the EnrichR platform , a bioinformatics web-based tool that includes more than 60 gene-set libraries, such as Gene ontology , KEGG, Wikipathways, as well as Jensen-diseases. The selection criteria for significantly enriched pathways and ontology term were a p value less than 0.05 (Additional file 1: Table S1).
For a better visualization and interpretation of the biological processes associated with selected breast cancer candidate genes and their upstream regulator, we used ClueGO , a user friendly Cytoscape plug-into analyze interrelations of terms and functional groups in biological networks . In brief, we used enrichment (right-sided) hyper-geometric distribution tests, with a p value significance level ≤ 0.05, followed by the Bonferroni adjustment for the terms and the groups with Kappa-statistics score threshold set to 0.5, and leading term groups were selected based on the highest significance.
Protein–protein interaction network including physical and functional association across our set of genes was sorted out using string db 10.0 with confidence score 0.4.
Eight affected individuals from seven BRCAx Tunisian families at high risk of breast cancer were analyzed using whole exome sequencing. Results including number of reads, sample coverage and sequencing depth of the whole exome sequenced patients have been summarized in Additional file 1: Table S2.
We focused our current analysis on the first BRCA negative family; BC-TN-F001 (Fig. 1). Two out of three affected family members have been selected for whole exome sequencing.
Before applying the filter, steps described in the methods section, we first investigated the following 29 genes known to be associated with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer: ATM, BARD1, BRCA1, BRCA2, BLM, BRIP1, CDH1, CHEK2, FAM175A, FANCC, FANCM, MAPKAP1, MLH1, MRE11A, MSH2, NBN, NF1, PALB2, PMS2, PTEN, RAD50, RAD51B, RAD51C, RAD51D, RECQL, RINT1, STK11, TP53 and XRCC2 (Table 2). 59 shared heterozygous variants have been identified on these genes of which, 51 (86.4%) common non-coding variants, five exonic variants and 3 splicing SNPs. The exonic variations include a BRCA2 rare variant (rs4987047, MAF = 0.0089), three common exonic polymorphisms on BARD1 (rs2070094, rs2229571 and rs1048108), and one variant on MAPKAP1 (rs1201689). None of the heterozygous variants that have been found on BRCA1, BLM, FAM175A, FANCM, PTEN, RAD50, RINT1, STK11, TP53 and XRCC2 were shared between the two sequenced family members.
Based on breast cancer information core (BIC) and ClinVar databases, none of the 59 variants identified on these classical breast and ovarian cancer genes was classified as pathogenic. Thus, we suggested that breast cancer genetic predisposition in this family might be due to new variants on novel breast cancer candidate genes.
A total of 32,212 heterozygous variants shared by both cases have been identified (Fig. 2). Among them, 4593 heterozygous, exonic, splicing and non-synonymous SNPs were called. Variants with MAF > 1% have been excluded. Therefore, 373 rare variations have been selected for further investigations including 39 variations that have not been previously reported. In fact, as the Tunisian population is not represented in public databases, reported variants have not been excluded.
In order to select the most relevant SNPs, SIFT (score < 0.05), PolyPhen (score > 0.909), Mutation Taster (disease-causing prediction) and Align GVGD (score > C55) have been used as in silico prediction tools to assess the functional effect of the 373 variants.
A list of 12 high risk variants have been selected based on interesting in silico predictions (Table 3) of which seven nonsynonymous variants on HSD3B1, PBK, ITIH2, MMS19, PPL, DNAH3 and RASSF2, 1 splicing variation on CFTR, 2 stop-gain variants on CALCOCO2 and LRRC29, 1 frameshift deletion on PABPC3 and 1 frameshift insertion on ZNF677. None of these variants have been listed in the ClinVar database, except CFTR-rs1057516216 variant that seems to be “likely pathogenic”.
We first filtered this list of candidate genes and variants against the additional six BRCAx exome sequenced breast cancer families (BC-TN-F002_BC-TN-F007). All identified variants have been only found in BC-TN-F001, expect the PABPC3 variant that was found in other Tunisian BRCAx families.
Then, we compared the list of variants identified in this family to results from other WES studies on BRCAx families. Again, variants identified in this study were only found in BC-TN-F001, suggesting a family specific predisposition to breast cancer. This family specific hypothesis has been suggested to explain the breast cancer predisposition in 4 other WES studies [8, 19–21].
We therefore performed a literature curation based on the results of the 4 family specific WES studies and the current one in order to explore this family specific predisposition to breast cancer. Additional file 1: Table S3 summarizes the list of 54 genes identified through these studies as new potential breast cancer candidate genes inherited in a family specific model. We observed that each exome sequenced family showed a specific genetic pattern with a different set of candidate genes. Only KAT6B has been reported in two different families from two separate studies [19, 20].
In a recent WES study performed on five BRCAx Egyptian families , four genes namely LOC100129697, NPIPB1, NBPF10 and PABPC3 have been identified in more than one family. PABPC3 is also found to be shared between three Egyptian families and the four Tunisian families sequenced in this current study.
As most of the breast cancer candidate genes identified through family specific predisposition studies lack functional evidence of their involvement in breast carcinogenesis, we pooled the 54 candidate genes identified in separate WES studies (Additional file 1: Table S3) and we performed functional annotation analysis to explore if there is any biological interaction between these genes which may strengthen their association with breast cancer (Additional file1: Table S1; Additional file 2: Figure S1).
Moreover, a comprehensive gene set enrichment combined with a protein–protein interaction analysis was performed using both of EnrichR and Stringdb webtools. Results showed that MMS19 and POLK genes are involved in the DNA repair pathway (Fig. 3). The remaining genes are a part of several pathways involved in cancer etiology such as: Negative regulation of stress activated MAPK cascade (PBK and PINK1), intracellular signal transduction and regulation of autophagosome assembly (LRRK2 and PINK1) and RNA degradation (PABC3 and DDX6). NOTCH2 and ZNF677 are highly predicted to be co-expressed with PBK and LRRK2 (Fig. 3).
Finally, we performed a disease genes association analysis using Jensen disease database (PMID: 25484339) by clustering the candidates genes into subgroups involved in a same disease. We, therefore, examined the overlap between these sub-clusters and different cancers namely, breast, ovarian, liver and endometrial cancers (Fig. 4). The results obtained show five top significant genes involved in breast cancers that are DNHA3, KATB6, PDE4DIP, MXRA5 and NBPF10. Of note, NBPF10 is also linked to endometrial cancer and DNHA3 is the only candidate that is involved in all these cancers.
The majority of BRCAx patients with familial breast cancer lack evidence for their genetic predisposition. Multiple models have been proposed to explain the missing heritability. First, recessive and polygenic models of transmission have been proposed to resolve a part of breast cancer remaining heritability . Another class of genetic variations that contributes to familial breast cancer risk includes large deletions and copy number variation . Interactions between genetic variants and environmental risk factors remain an interesting model to explain breast cancer predisposition in multiple families. However, this model is largely unexplored because most of association studies that could address this model are underpowered . Finally, NGS application using family-based approach represents an appropriate modality to identify additional genes with autosomal dominant mechanism of inheritance and thus explains an additional part of the breast cancer familial component .
In the present study, two affected sisters from a non BRCA Tunisian breast cancer family have been explored using whole exome sequencing. We excluded unaffected members in our sequenced individuals since they could be non-penetrant carriers.
Thousands of heterozygous variants shared between the two sequenced family members have been identified. However, no deleterious variants have been found within known breast cancer genes. BRCA2-rs4987047 is the only rare exonic variant identified on the known breast cancer susceptibility genes. Despite its potential functional effect , the ClinVar predictions classify this variant as benign.
Of note, among 108 exome sequenced families previously reported in 10 breast cancer WES studies, mutations on known breast cancer genes have been reported in only four families because BRCA tests are usually performed before using the whole exome sequencing approach [10–14]. Moreover, the high rate of consanguinity in the Tunisian population, may decrease the prevalence of breast cancer by decreasing the frequency of high penetrant mutations .
However, several common variants located on known breast cancer susceptibility genes have been identified in BC-TN-F001 (Table 2). Some of these variants have been previously reported as associated with different cancers as low penetrant polymorphisms. Indeed, two common exonic variants identified on BARD1 gene (rs2229571 and rs1048108) have been identified as low penetrant breast cancer loci in the Chinese population . Moreover, PALB2-rs249954 has been reported to be associated with breast cancer risk , CHEK2-rs2236142 is likely associated with a decreased risk of esophageal cancer and lymph node metastasis in a Chinese population , RAD51C-rs12946397 is known to be associated with the risk of head and neck cancer and ATM-rs664143 has been reported to be associated with lung cancer . Given the fact that multiple family members are affected by other cancers such as lung carcinoma and small bowel lymphoma (Fig. 1), the involvement of these variants in this family predisposition to cancer is possible. Therefore, we cannot discard the polygenic model of breast cancer predisposition in this Tunisian breast cancer family.
Despite the fact that these variants have been reported as common low penetrant variants in Caucasians, we cannot estimate their penetrance in the Tunisian population. Indeed, because of different genetic architectures and differences in allele frequencies between populations, variant penetrance may differ from one population to another and a low penetrant variant in one population may be of high penetrance in another population. Further association studies in large Tunisian cohorts are needed to assess the penetrance of these variants in the Tunisian population.
After investigating known breast cancer genes, we explored other genes not yet reported as associated with the breast disease. Twelve high risk variants, predicted as deleterious by four different in silico prediction tools and showing a phenotypic relevance have been selected on the following genes: HSD3B1, CFTR, PBK, ITIH2, MMS19, PABPC3, PPL, DNAH3, LRRC29, CALCOCO2, ZNF677 and RASSF2.
None of the variants identified within these genes have been listed in the ClinVar database, except for the CFTR-rs1057516216 variant that seems to be “likely pathogenic”. CFTR (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator) is a gene that encodes a member of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily . Mutations in this gene cause cystic fibrosis, the most common lethal genetic disorder in populations of Northern European descent . However, CFTR is potentially recurrently mutated by chance because of its large size and its involvement in breast carcinogenesis is controversial, thus, it cannot be considered as a potential breast cancer candidate gene. Indeed, it has been proposed that a CFTR mutation may protect against breast cancer , however, in another study that correlated the expression level of CFTR and breast cancer histological grading, it was shown that high serum levels of CFTR were associated with a high grade and poorly differentiated tumors .
When comparing the identified set of genes with other genes reported in other breast cancer WES studies, we showed that each exome sequenced family has a specific genetic pattern with a different set of candidate genes. Except PABPC3, genes identified in this Tunisian breast cancer family have not been reported in other breast cancer exome sequenced families, suggesting a family specific genetic predisposition to the disease. PABPC3 was shared between four Tunisian families and three Egyptian whole exome sequenced families. Moreover, LOC100129697, NPIPB1, NBPF10 have been found in three whole exome sequenced Egyptian families . These genes shared between families from a particular ethnic group (Tunisians and Egyptians) suggest that in populations with high consanguinity and endogamy rates, the ethnic specific breast cancer predisposition model is also plausible. PABPC3 acts in a cytoplasmic regulatory processes of mRNA metabolism . The involvement of PABPC3 in the RNA degradation pathway has been confirmed by the analysis of the biological process and protein–protein networks that we performed in this study (Additional file 2: Figure S1, Fig. 3).
We also showed that the remaining genes are also linked to interesting new pathways such as: negative regulation of stress activated MAPK cascade and intracellular signal transduction and regulation of autophagosome assembly. Only two genes (MMS19 and POLK) are involved in DNA repair pathway, considered as the traditional pathway in which breast cancer genes are involved .
MMS19 acts as an adapter between early-acting cytosolic iron-sulfur assembly components and a subset of cellular target iron-sulfur proteins such as ERCC2/XPD, FANCJ and RTEL1, thereby playing a key role in nucleotide excision repair (NER) and RNA polymerase II (POL II) transcription . Of note, the human MMS19 also interacts with estrogen receptors in a ligand-independent manner . POLK is a member of Y family DNA polymerases, and functions by repairing the replication fork passing through DNA lesions . Recently, POLK have been reported as a new ovarian cancer susceptibility gene .
Additional functional annotation analysis using the Jensen disease library, showed that the top significant genes involved in breast cancer are KATB6, PDE4DIP, MXRA5, DNHA3 and NBPF10. KAT6B—a histone acetyl transferase involved in DNA replication, gene expression and regulation, and epigenetic modification of chromosomal structure has been reported as associated with breast cancer in two separate WES studies [19, 20].
Consistently with our results, it has been reported that DNHA3 is involved in different cancers including breast cancer [51–53]. DNHA3 (Dynein Axonemal Heavy Chain 3) gene belongs to the dynein family, whose members encode large proteins that are constituents of the microtubule-associated motor protein complex . Among its related pathways we denotes the respiratory electron transport, ATP synthesis by chemiosmosis coupling, and heat production by uncoupling proteins. However, little evidence exist on the roles of PDE4DIP, MXRA5, and NBPF10 in breast carcinogenesis.
In summary, these WES studies results and the functional annotation performed in the present study, altogether showed that MMS19, DNHA3, POLK and KATB6 are interesting breast cancer candidate genes. Variants located on these genes seem to be inherited in a family specific model. PABPC3 seems to be another interesting breast cancer candidate gene that may be associated with breast cancer in an ethnic specific manner as it has been reported in another North African population .
Although NGS represents an unprecedented approach to decipher the genetic predisposition to different hereditary diseases, it comes with numerous challenges. Indeed, the different lists of genes that resulted from different breast cancer WES studies may be explained in part by the different pipelines and bioinformatics tools used to analyze these data. In addition, NGS data users apply different filters to help prioritize variants such as the in silico prediction tools that may mis-classify some variants and thus causes erroneous inclusion or exclusion of some variations.
Therefore, in order to assess how much the family specific hypothesis is plausible, we suggest to pool raw data from all breast cancer whole exome sequenced families and re-analyze the resulting data using a common and consensual strategy. Efforts made by the COMPLEXO group in identifying the missing breast cancer heritability via Next generation collaborations represent an excellent initiative to overcome these NGS data analysis challenges .
In the present study we reported a list of new breast cancer candidate genes that seem to be inherited in a family specific and ethnic specific models. Further WES studies on BRCAx Tunisian families and further in vitro or in vivo functional assays are needed to understand their effects and to confirm their association with breast cancer risk. For a better interpretation of NGS data, the scientific community should first overcome NGS data analysis challenges in order to generate more meaningful NGS data and more clinically actionable variants.
Study conception and design: YH and SA. Data acquisition: YH, MB and CN. Analysis and interpretation of data: YH, MB and NM have analyzed and interpreted the patient clinic-pathological data. Bioinformatic analysis and networking: CBH, KG and YH. Contribution to the interpretation of the results HB, SL, NMJ, HE and ND Technical experiment: MCH, MB, NM. Redaction of the full article: YH. Involvement in the drafting of the manuscript: SA, MB and NM. Critical revision of the article: SA, MSB, RM and OM. Submission procedure: MBR, NM, OM. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
The authors are extremely grateful to the patients whose participation made this work possible.
Written informed consents were obtained from all participants. Ethical approval according to the Declaration of Helsinki Principles was obtained from the biomedical ethics committee of Institut Pasteur de Tunis (2017/16/E/hôpital a-m/V1).
This work was supported by the Tunisian Ministry of Public Health (PEC-4-TUN), the Tunisian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research (LR11IPT05 and LR16IPT05) and by the E.C. Grant Agreement No 295097 for FP7 project GM-NCD-Inco.
12967_2018_1504_MOESM1_ESM.docx Additional file 1: Table S1. Gene set enrichment analysis. Table S2. Summary of SNPs and Indels identified in the 7 BRCAx sequenced Tunisian breast cancer families. Table S3. Putative predisposition family-specific genes in several WES studies using the family-based approach.
12967_2018_1504_MOESM2_ESM.docx Additional file 2: Figure S1. Biological networks and Enriched gene ontology pathways identified by the functional annotation analysis. Enrichment network of the shared candidate disease genes and their upstream regulator based on biological processes using ClueGO Cytoscape plugin. Hyper-geometric (right-handed) enrichment distribution tests, with a p-value significance level of ≤ 0.05, followed by the Bonferroni adjustment for the terms and leading term groups were selected based on the highest significance. The node size and deeper color indicates greater significance of the enrichment. | 2019-04-22T02:03:47Z | https://translational-medicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12967-018-1504-9 |
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For a while now, when people thought about services in regards to anti-aging, they assumed that the process would be entirely cosmetic. While the aesthetic options offered with these types of medical services make a profound difference in the patient’s confidence, the truth is that anti-aging services benefit people on more than just a superficial level. The techniques we use at Anti Aging & Functional Medicine work for a great many clients such as people needing assistance with their hormone imbalances, nutrient deficiencies, or fatigue. There’s nothing wrong with wanting to look and feel younger, but we encourage you to look into our other procedures that can greatly improve your overall wellness.
Hormone imbalances affect a great number of American citizens on a daily basis. Our hormone optimization process allows us to manage your thyroid levels, estrogen, DHEA, cortisol, and progesterone levels, to name a few. Having a healthy estrogen level is essential to anyone who may have a family history of breast cancer while having a healthy thyroid can prevent a serious condition, such as a thyroid storm. Monitoring your cortisol levels can greatly decrease the occurrence of adrenal fatigue, which has been linked to insomnia, digestive problems, and depression. Maintaining a healthy balance of hormones can have great advantages for your hair and skin, but it’s also essential in averting more serious, life-threatening conditions.
According to a study conducted by Calton Nutrition, over half of our population suffers from a deficiency in Calcium, Vitamin C, Potassium, and Vitamin E. Half of us experience a deficiency in Magnesium and Vitamin A. When your body is lacking in essential nutrients, you can experience low levels of stamina and a slower healing process. This makes IV Nutrient Therapy a great alternative for the average person. This process restores youthful vitality to patients that can help increase your energy levels throughout the day. This treatment also aids in speeding the healing process when recovering from some injuries.
Chelation is a chemical process in which the bloodstream is injected with a synthetic solution in order to remove foreign metals and heavy minerals. This can be especially useful when combatting clogged arteries, heart attacks, and a number of other conditions that may affect the cardiovascular system. Chelation does this by regulating the amount of arterial plaque building up in the arteries, something that can eventually cause heart problems over time.
Part of looking youthful and vibrant is displaying an upbeat, invigorated attitude. While our company is proud to offer services such as Dermal Fillers, Sclerotherapy, and Hair transplantation to clients that want to appear younger, we have committed ourselves to provide services that make patients feel younger too. Utilizing methods that promote healthy internal processes within the body is key to giving our patients that youthful glow. With the help of our staff at Anti Aging and Functional Medicine, we believe you can reverse the clock on aging and live a fulfilling life for many more years to come.
Aging can be a difficult thing for most people. It can be tough to cope with the aches and the pains that are often part of the natural aging process. It can be difficult to look in the mirror and not be able to recognize the reflection that’s staring back at you, too. If you have any concerns that involve conspicuous indications of aging, however, there are options out there that can aid you. It doesn’t matter if you worry about crow’s feet, fine lines or wrinkles in general. Dermal fillers may help you get on the path to feeling fantastic about your looks again. People who long for complexions that are youthful, supple and devoid of noticeable aging indications often are big dermal filler supporters. These fillers introduce people to all sorts of potential anti-aging advantages.
Dermal fillers can be excellent for people who feel as though their looks could use some improvement. These fillers provide the skin with better foundations. Skin resilience tends to be the result of numerous fibers. Examples of these fibers are collagen and elastin. Hyaluronic acid is yet another natural substance that contributes greatly to complexion resilience. Manufacturing of these things tends to slow down as people get older and older. It usually tends to slow down once people get to around 30 years in age. Reduced levels of hyaluronic acid and fiber tend to minimize the resilience of the skin. Dermal fillers can do a lot for people who wish to replenish suppleness significantly. If you long for a complexion that appears dewy, radiant and resilient as can be, dermal fillers may just be your finest bet.
Wrinkles, fine lines and drooping can all wreak havoc onto your self-confidence. If you dislike the way you look, you may feel discouraged all of the time. Dermal fillers, though, can help you feel positive about your physical appearance again. Minimizing the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines can help you feel terrific in your physique. It can give you a fresh and energized appearance, too. Wrinkles and fine lines sometimes make people look fatigued and dull.
Recovery can be a big hassle for people who opt for all sorts of anti-aging treatments these days. It’s not a hassle for people who prefer dermal fillers, however. If you get dermal fillers for your complexion, you should be able to bounce back from the procedure pretty rapidly. Dermal filler sessions are often complete in less than 15 minutes total. Once you’re through with your session, you can continue with your life just like you would on any other day. If you’re someone who can’t skip work or school obligations, dermal fillers won’t interfere with your existence at all. If you want to learn more about these fillers and how they work, call Anti-Aging & Functional Medicine in Raleigh, North Carolina.
Anti-aging doesn’t refer only to fillers, surgeries, and facial treatments. One of the easiest all over anti-aging treatments, exercise, can cost you nothing but about 20 minutes per day. You don’t need to join a gym or even buy a DVD. Here are a few simple exercises to get you started, a few of which won’t even seem like a workout.
According to Prevention magazine, the minimum about of cardio you need to do per week ranges from 150 to 240 minutes. That translates to about 21 minutes of cardio per day and walking counts. So long as you have a comfortable pair of sneakers you can fit this workout into your day. It doesn’t require special effort either. You can simply walk to the corner grocery instead of drive. Stroll around the block. Park at the far end of the parking lot and walk to the mall door, then walk to each store.
Each person needs to walk about 10,000 steps per day. Most get about 2,000 steps. You can easily encourage yourself to walk more often by using a pedometer app or a physical pedometer. The advantage of an app like NoomWalk is the encouragement from other exercises. You can create a profile and share your daily steps, plus comments about your activities in the social aspect of the app. NoomWalk lets you virtually “high five” others and leave encouraging comments. It’s not required though. You can also use the app to privately track your activity by choosing to turn off the social option. The gamification and social aspects can help you add more steps to your day giving you the easiest 20 minutes of cardio daily.
Jumping rope or a jumping workout such as jumping jacks counts. Jump move workouts like “Insanity” also qualify, as does aerobics. It’s the body weight bearing moves that help, so a step workout counts, too. Essentially, you need moves that simulate at least the squashing of a bug with your foot. If you’re older, you can help yourself build bone density by doing this type of exercise. Every time you take the stairs, you’re helping strengthen your knees and hips, plus build bone density. That translates to an interior anti-aging that can help your overall health in just 15 to 20 minutes per day.
While most people think of weight lifting when they read strength training, you can also use a resistance training technique called isometrics. With it, you create the resistance with your body movement or rather lack of it. You hold a pose for a specific time period. These simple poses like the squat and the prayer pose build muscle by holding it in a static position. You can lift weights if want, but that’s only necessary if you want to build bigger muscles as opposed to toning the ones you have. You can find efficient workouts that require only 15 to 20 minutes.
The key to overall anti-aging lies in combining these activities. You need the cardio, healthy bone density and the strength training to achieve optimum health. Walk every day. Alternate days of jumping/stepping and strength training. You’ll see the years disappear as you strengthen your body.
Who doesn’t want to hang onto a youthful complexion for as long as possible? Men and women alike lament their aging reflections as a combination of lifestyle experience, stress, and diet take their toll on our skin. Although there are plenty of products on the market that claim to be the next “fountain of youth”, we really don’t know what goes into making these miracle products, and the result of excess chemicals on the skin will only hasten the aging process.
Fortunately, there are some simple things you can do right at home and in your daily routine to combat the aging process and turn back the clock once more, revealing a youthful, glowing complexion. Follow these tips for your best skin yet–naturally!
Nothing works more effectively at improving circulation and helping to drain lymph nodes than a facial massage. Whether you give yourself a massage at home or treat yourself to a relaxing spa session, you’ll see results with consistent stimulation; your skin will take on a luminous glow, and you’ll see fine lines and wrinkles plump up once more.
Omega-3 is your ticket to soft, smooth, supple skin. Fatty acids present in this supplement strengthen cell membranes, making them less susceptible to environmental damage. Your skin is better able to absorb nutrients as well as slough off dead skin cells and impurities that can contribute to a duller, less vibrant complexion. Take supplements daily from 1-3 months for optimal results.
3. Drink water, and lots of it!
Drinking enough water can dramatically improve the look and feel of your skin, but you must drink enough of it to flush impurities from both skin and body. If you consistently drink 3 liters or more daily, you can expect to see a dramatic improvement in the tone and texture of your skin within 5 days! That’s the fastest facelift available on the market today!
Skin that is dry is prone to sagging and wrinkles, while hydrated skin looks fresh and dewy. Simply running a humidifier while you sleep will reduce the look of fine lines and wrinkles, and leave you with hydrated, plumper looking skin in no time. Use nightly on your bedside table for a fresh looking complexion each morning.
Nature’s best mask is good old egg whites–whip up a quick mask and apply for an instant brightening facelift.
Whisk together until the mixture is white and frothy. Apply it to your face with a cotton ball and leave it on for ten minutes, or until your skin feels tight. Rinse off with warm water and pat dry.
Combine and ingest daily each morning for mind and body benefits that extend to your skin and beyond.
Uncovering your best skin yet is easy with these tips, and they are all natural to boot! Embrace a younger, more radiant you as you move toward total health and wellness!
Aging is something that we all must do, but we don’t have to do it quickly. What if there were ways to change the way that our bodies and faces are aging? Would you follow the secrets to see what happens? Many of us would and that is why we are ready to share with you, these anti-aging secrets.
There are some people who use sesame oil every day when they wake up. By rubbing it all over your skin, you can start to feel an amazing difference. Your skin soaks in the oil, which helps it to stay hydrated and soft. It will give it a healthy glow and when you go into the shower and rinse it off, your old skin cells will literally fall off to make way for the new ones!
Who said that drinking coffee is bad for you? Caffeine actually helps to wake up your skin and your mind. Rubbing coffee scrubs, lotions, and creams onto your face can help you to get rid of the dark circles and puffy spots that come up on your face in the morning. Keep the coffee around because you’re going to need it!
White sugar has been shown to speed up aging in people. It also can connect to the collagen in your body and start to break it down. Collagen is important to our bodies and our skin because it helps to create new cells. The more collagen in your skin, the less wrinkles and fine lines you will have. If you want to eat something sweet, eat more fruit and vegetables that contain all-natural sugars.
It is crazy to think of how much we exfoliate our faces and add wrinkle creams and lotions to them, but what happens as our hands start to age? Many people say that the first place they saw aging was in their hands. This can be reversed, just like our faces. It is important to take very good care of our hands with lotions, but also to exfoliate them and use creams that can help build up the skin cells in them as well. Our hands do so much for us, so it is time that we repaid them!
The sun is the culprit for so much that happens to our skin. Wearing sunscreen is the best way to avoid getting those premature lines and wrinkles. Models, celebrities, and doctors all swear by the use of sunscreen and depending on what elevation you live at, you may need to apply it more than others.
When it comes to taking care of your skin, remember, it’s the only one you’ll get! Looking after our faces and our bodies is very important when it comes to keeping your youthful glow. Be good to your skin and you will see how great you will continue to look!
Aging is a totally normal process. That doesn’t mean that indications of aging are necessarily welcome, however. If you have any frustrations that involve the emergence of wrinkles and fines lines on your formerly baby-soft skin, you’re certainly not alone. If you have any worries that involve sagging and loss of firmness, there are many others who share your concerns, too. Terrific news is on hand for people who want to reverse the aging process, however. Dermal fillers are injections that can do a lot for the appearance of the skin. If you’re enthusiastic about achieving skin that’s supple, radiant and devoid of wrinkles, then these fillers may be able to provide you with the anti-aging results you desire so much. Dermal fillers bring many anti-aging perks to the table.
Dermal fillers can minimize the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines. That’s not all they can accomplish, either. These fillers also can give the skin enhanced volume. If you want your skin to look supple and bouncy, dermal fillers can be advantageous. These injections can aid people who have skin that has taken on a somewhat droopy look. Dermal fillers typically revolve around collagen or hyaluronic acid. Both of these substances are 100 percent natural. If you want to revitalize your looks and attain skin that’s moist and glowing, dermal filler injections can undoubtedly go a long way.
Downtime can be a big struggle for people who get aesthetic treatments. Healing after certain procedures can interfere with jam-packed schedules. It can stop people from being able to lead their normal lives, too. If you dislike the thought of putting your life temporarily on hold, dermal fillers may be a strong match for you. People don’t have to devote their precious time to the healing process after receiving these injections. Dermal filler sessions often last for merely 10 minutes or so. Once your session is finished, you’re ready to exit as you please. Getting dermal fillers won’t impact your career, social life or errands in any way.
There are some aesthetic treatments out there that honestly don’t stand the test of time. Dermal fillers are definitely not part of that classification. If you get these fillers, you may be able to keep your youthful glow for a minimum of six months. You won’t have to think about going back to get a “touchup” for quite a while. This is yet another perk for people who lack significant amounts of spare time.
Dermal fillers don’t make people look fake or unusual in any manner. If you’re looking to energize your appearance without compromising the charms “Mother Earth” gave you, these injections can serve you nicely. If you get dermal fillers from a qualified and seasoned professional, you shouldn’t have to fret over anything.
Indications of aging can sometimes make people feel bad about themselves. It can be hard to notice the development of wrinkles and sagging. If you want to feel better about yourself, then getting these injections can work. Since they can enhance the appearance of your skin, they can also enhance the way you view yourself. Dermal fillers are designed to help people adore being in their own bodies. Contact the Anti Aging & Functional Medicine team as soon as possible to learn more about these injections. | 2019-04-19T05:30:48Z | https://antiagingraleigh.com/category/doc-talk/ |
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Proteomics is an expanding area of research into biological systems with significance for biomedical and therapeutic applications ranging from understanding the molecular basis of diseases to testing new treatments, studying the toxicity of drugs, or biotechnological improvements in agriculture. Progress in proteomic technologies and growing interest has resulted in rapid accumulation of proteomic data, and consequently, a great number of tools have become available. In this paper, we review the well-known and ready-to-use tools for classification, clustering and validation, interpretation, and generation of biological information from experimental data. We suggest some rules of thumb for the reader on choosing the best suitable learning method for a particular dataset and conclude with pathway and functional analysis and then provide information about submitting final results to a repository.
Proteomics, the assessment and quantitation of protein expression changes in a given type of biological sample, contributes heavily to current views in modern biology, genetics, biochemistry, and environmental sciences. Expression proteomics studies investigate the presence or absence patterns of proteins in disease compared to normal using a mass spectrometry approach often preceded by gel separation methods. Proteomics is a science that focuses on the study of proteins: their roles, their structures, their localization, their interactions, and other factors. Proteomics has emerged as a powerful tool in many different fields and is a technique widely used across biology, mainly applied in disease [1–3], agriculture, and food microbiology. Proteomics is becoming increasingly important for the study of many different aspects of plant functions. For example, it is used to help identify candidate proteins involved in the defensive response of plants to herbivorous insects [4, 5]. In agriculture, a proteomic approach was used to investigate population growth and the effect of global climate changes on crop production . In food technology, proteomics is utilized for characterization and standardization of raw materials, process development, and detection of batch-to-batch variations and quality control of the final product, in particular to food safety in terms of microbial content and the use of genetically modified foods . The study of interactions between microbial pathogens and their hosts is called “infectomics” and comprises a growing area of interest in proteomics .
A protein may exist in multiple forms within a cell or cell type. These protein isoforms derive from transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, post-translational, regulatory, and degrading and preserving processes that affect protein structure, localization, function, and turnover. The field has thus evolved to include a variety of methods for separation of complex protein samples followed by identification using mass spectrometry. It is inherently a systems science that considers not only protein abundances in a cell but also the interplay of proteins, protein complexes, signaling pathways, and networks. To address the relevant challenges, we categorize the analytical tools into three types: (1) basic traditional statistical analysis, (2) machine learning approaches, and (3) assignment of functional and biological information to describe and understand protein interaction networks.
Traditional statistics is used as a critical first pass to identify the “low-hanging fruit” in the dataset. Methods such as t test and its nonparametric equivalent, the Wilcoxon test, univariate, or analysis of variance (ANOVA) are applied to identify the significant proteins. Due to inherent variability, statistics alone is often insufficient to discover most of the biologically relevant information in a proteomic dataset but is an important first step of every analysis. For the purposes of this review, we focus mainly on approaches that are more specific to proteomic and other “omic” data. But statistically significant results are very useful as seed data or bait in the machine learning approaches.
Machine learning classification complements traditional statistics as it allows for consideration of many variables at once and also removes much of the researcher bias. Dataset complexity is reduced as correlations, and trends are identified that may not withstand statistical scrutiny or may be undetectable using traditional statistics, e.g., clustering using iterative subsampling. Machine learning also bypasses researcher bias by revealing patterns within the data that may not relate to the original hypothesis or that relate in an unanticipated manner. The researcher is then able to examine the clustering or classification results for new biological features that were not initially predicted. Thus, in addition to being potentially inconsistent with the hypotheses of any particular researcher, machine learning and network tools enable hypothesis generation as they uncover the real biology of the system in question. Swan et al. discussed the benefit of machine learning methods for application to proteomic data and show that machine learning methods give an overall view of data and also offer a large potential for identifying relevant information within data.
Pathway analysis following statistical analysis and classification and clustering can help organize a long list of proteins onto a short list of pathway knowledge maps, easing interpretation of the molecular mechanisms underlying altered proteins or their expressions .
Here we primarily review tools for machine learning and clustering of omic data. The machine learning section of this review will introduce the concept of supervised and unsupervised classification for seven types of machine learners: principal component analysis (PCA), independent component analysis (ICA), K-means, hierarchical clustering, partial least square (PLS), random forests (RF), and support vector machines (SVM). These methods are also summarized and compared in Table 1, which provides an overview of different machine learning and clustering tools and how to select a method most likely to be effective for a specific dataset. We include a brief discussion of experimental design and feature selection, i.e., the selection of significant attributes for reduction of datasets, with the aim to increase the accuracy of classification models that are applied to the selected features. The machine learning and clustering section is followed by a brief summary of tools for analysis of longitudinal (time series) data. Next, we discuss tools that can achieve automated learning of pathway modules and features and those that help perform integrated network visual analytics. Finally, we provide information for public repository of proteomics data.
Although the purpose of this review is to discuss tools that are useful for data analysis after completion of a proteomic experiment, we want to recognize the essential nature of thoughtful upfront experimental design. Sample groups should be as large and reproducible as possible, representing a consistent proteomic phenotype in the harvested sample for a particular sample group. Even when the researcher is not establishing a study in a prospective manner, samples and sample groups should be chosen to reflect this insofar as is possible for the researcher. For example, if the experimental purpose is to find changes in the mouse hypothalamus with respect to circadian rhythm, the surgeries should—ideally—be performed by the same researcher at precise times of the day until a minimum of five or six samples, preferably more, are collected for every treatment group in question. The power of the experiment increases with each additional sample. Treatment groups should ideally be similar in size. Consistent collection, storage, and sample handling during the experiment will greatly increase chances of high-quality omic data. Furthermore, reduction of a sample to fewer or a specific cell type will increase the quality of proteomic or RNA data. Gene expression is a cell-type-specific phenomenon so that, in order to increase the signal-to-noise ratio for a gene expression study, the experimental design should consider tissue and sample complexity. A protein extract from liver, for example, primarily comprises hepatocyte proteins, whereas the brain contains cells that express hugely variable mRNA and protein signatures. We encourage the researcher to plan carefully regarding experimental design, as this investment will yield greatly improved resulting data. For review of experimental design, see [11, 12].
The following guidelines are listed as sequential steps, but they are meant to be more of a frame for thought rather than rigid steps in a series. For example, steps one and three may overlap and provide answers to the main questions of the experiment. Step two may obviate the need to perform extensive machine learning. Our hope is to relieve the distress of inheriting or creating an enormous mass of data that seems impenetrable.
Observe your data by creating plots and descriptive statistics to assess data distribution, overall variation, and variability within each treatment group. Compare means and variability from those means. Look for any anomalies that could cause a problem in the analysis. Plotting the data is effectively the first unsupervised clustering step. How do the data cluster? Are the data normally distributed? Most parametric statistical approaches assume normality, so if data are not normally distributed, they may need to be transformed or analyzed using nonparametric methods. Curves, scatter plots, and boxplots are useful for observing comparability of different groups or whether two different datasets can be combined. Is there a batch effect? If so, the data must be normalized or corrected for this effect. If using unsupervised approaches such as hierarchical clustering or principal component analysis, do the subjects partition according to predicted treatment groups? Correlation plots can be used to compare treatment groups. Are the correlations as expected?
Groups identified by the researcher either during experimental design or during the data observation step can be compared here using Student’s t test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and their nonparametric equivalents such as Kruskal-Wallis, in addition to regression modeling and other tests of traditional statistics. Many tests done simultaneously should be corrected using a multiple test correction such as the Benjamini-Hochberg correction algorithm . If these tests yield an abundance of significant data, the machine learning methods of step three can be used to reduce dimensionality. These lists of significant features can be used directly for pathway analysis. Or alternately, these significant features can be used as a seed or paradigm for training the supervised machine learning methods in step three to retrieve interesting data that were not found to be significant by traditional statistical methods.
For example, suppose we identify 100 significant features (proteins, transcripts, etc.) after multiple test correction. These 100 can be tested internally for correlation, for pattern recurrence, and for pathway analysis (DAVID, GO, Ingenuity, etc., Table 2). Suppose we used K-means to look for ten patterns, and one of the ten patterns happens to contain five features whose expression profiles appear to match what we know about their biology based on previous experiments or established literature. This is the step we might call “kicking the tires” of this dataset. If gene expression for a few proteins or transcripts follows known patterns, the entire dataset becomes more credible; other significant data can thus be relied upon as informative for further analysis and for interrogating the rest of the data.
From these lists, one can transition directly to pathway analysis (step four), or these data can be used for classification of the rest of the dataset using machine learning methods.
The “curse of dimensionality” is inherent to large datasets. At the beginning of any large dataset analysis, the dimension count and the feature count are the same. The purpose of machine learning is to reduce the dimensions such that multiple features (or data points) are contained within a single dimension so that a dataset with 5000 features may contain 500 groups of ten features each where those ten features have something in common as determined by the classifier such as PCA, RF, and K-means. Thus, machine learning allows the data to partition according to the biology of the experiment, and it allows the researcher to better comprehend the data and the potential biological processes that drive the experimental question.
Many machine learning tools are available including Weka , Scikit-learn (Machine Learning in Python) , and SHOGUN . R has an enormous number of machine learning algorithms with advanced implementations as well that were written by the developers of the algorithm .
If performed independently, machine learning and traditional statistics ought to reveal the same results in the data. They confirm each other. As stated in Table 1, different tools for machine learning are appropriate for different datasets. The observation of data in step one will help the researcher to identify which statistics and machine learning approaches might prove to be most effective in partitioning the data in question. For example, if data are not normally distributed and transformation of the data is not desirable, one should start by using nonparametric statistical analyses and independent component analysis.
Genes and features of interest are entered into pathway analysis software and tools, which are rapidly increasing in sophistication. Still, we have found that computational tools for pathway analysis should always be supplemented with individual manual research into relevant literature and textbook information for real biological insights. Only when the individual researcher or team is able to absorb the biological implications of the new data will the true understanding take place. The computational tools enable new connections to be established, but the biological story still requires concept synthesis on the part of the researcher.
It is reasonable to assume on biological grounds that the proteins present in the proteomic profile are not fully independent of each other in vivo. For this reason, a multivariate approach to analysis is preferred because it can address the correlations among variables. Dimension reduction methods project a large number of genes or proteins onto a smaller and more manageable number of features. The art of machine learning starts with the design of appropriate data representations, and better performance is often achieved using features derived from the original input and experimental design of the researcher. Building a feature representation is an opportunity to incorporate domain knowledge into the data and can be very application-specific. Nonetheless, there are a number of generic feature construction methods, including the following: clustering, basic linear transforms of the input variables (PCA/ICA/PLS), more sophisticated linear transforms like spectral transforms (Fourier, Hadamard), convolutions and kernels, and applying simple functions to subsets of variables. Among these techniques, some of the most important approaches include (i) dimensionality reduction, (ii) feature selection, and (iii) feature extraction.
There are many benefits regarding the dimensionality reduction when the datasets have a large number of features. Machine learning algorithms work best when the dimensionality is lower (curse of dimensionality). Additionally, the reduction of dimensionality can eliminate irrelevant features, reduce noise, and produce more robust learning models due to the involvement of fewer features. In general, the dimensionality reduction by selecting new features which are a subset of the old ones is known as feature selection. Three main approaches exist for feature selection, namely the following: embedded, filter, and wrapper approaches . In the case of feature extraction, a new set of features can be created from the initial set that captures all the significant information in a dataset. The creation of new sets of features allows for gathering the described benefits of dimensionality reduction.
Sometimes classifications or clustering decisions are susceptible to high bias (under-fitting) or high variance and low bias (over-fitting). If there is under-fitting that results in a high error rate in both training and test, it might help to (1) add more features, (2) use a more sophisticated model, or (3) employ fewer samples. If the dataset has a high variance and low bias (over-fitting) that results in a low error rate in training but high error rate in the test case, it might help to (1) use fewer features or (2) use more training samples. Over-fitting is usually a more common problem in classification than under-fitting. Over-fitting the data causes the model to fit the noise rather than the actual underlying behavior.
The application of different feature selection techniques usually produces different predictive feature lists, presumably because each method captures different features from the data or the small number of samples.
Classification methods have been used extensively for visualization and classification of high-throughput data. These algorithms group objects based on a similarity metric that is computed for features. There are several issues that can affect the outcome of the methods, including (1) a large number of features, (2) mean of the groups, (3) variance and (4) correlation among groups, (5) distribution of the data, and (6) outliers. Thus, exploiting the hidden structure within a dataset is critical for improving classification selection and accuracy and speed of prediction systems. No free lunch (NFL) theorems previously showed that any two optimization algorithms are equivalent when their performance is averaged across all possible problems [19, 20]. Here we emphasize the importance of the hidden structure of the data in order to achieve superior performance of learning systems.
Supervised machine learning involves training a model based on data samples that have known class labels associated with them. This is in contrast with unsupervised classification, or clustering, where no samples have associated class labels, and instead, samples with similar attribute profiles are grouped together.
Each of the supervised classification methods described can make errors, either by incorrectly identifying an instance as a member of a class (a “false positive”) or by incorrectly failing to identify an instance as a member of a class (a “false negative”). The rates of both types of errors can be estimated; the proportion of false positive results is reported using specificity and the proportion of false negatives using sensitivity. There is often a trade-off between these types of errors; increases in specificity (fewer false positives) often lead to decreases in sensitivity (more false negatives) and vice versa. Some classification methods always treat these types of errors as equally important, but others allow the user to set an explicit trade-off ratio, e.g., telling the classifier that sensitivity is twice as important as specificity or vice versa. Methods that have adjustable sensitivity/specificity trade-offs are noted in Table 1. There are no “one size fits all” tests in classification or clustering methods, and different datasets can make errors which are specific to that dataset (i.e., the no free lunch theorem).
The principal component analysis (PCA) is a mathematical procedure that transforms a number of possibly correlated variables into a smaller number of uncorrelated variables, which are then ordered by reducing variability. These variables are called principal components. The first principal component accounts for as much of the variability in the data as possible, and each succeeding component accounts for as much of the remaining variability as possible. PCA is an unsupervised analysis tool since samples are classified without including disease status in the training algorithm and best if the variables are standardized, and in most of the implementation, this is done by default. PCA is not only useful as a visualization tool . It also helps to detect outliers and perform quality control. PCA has been widely used in analysis of high-throughput data including proteomic data, e.g., [23–25].
Independent component analysis (ICA) is a method for finding underlying factors or components from multidimensional data. ICA is also known as blind signal separation (BSS). PCA and ICA have very different goals, and naturally, they may give quite different results. PCA finds directions of maximal variance (using second-order statistics) while ICA finds directions that maximize independence (using higher order statistics) . ICA maximizes non-Gaussianity and makes the assumption of combinatorial linearity of components, satisfied by removing the correlated data. In contrast to PCA, ICA analysis seeks not a set of orthogonal components but a set of independent components. Two components are independent if any knowledge about one implies nothing about the other, such that independent components (IC) represent different non-overlapping information. Since the number of components can be very high, it is relatively easy for the ICA estimation to over-fit the data.
Safavi et al. used ICA to separate groups of proteins that may be differentially expressed across treatment groups . They also showed that the univariate ANOVA technique with false discovery rate (FDR) correction is very sensitive to the FDR-derived p value, whereas ICA is able to identify and separate differential expression into the correct factors without any p value threshold. Other studies have applied ICA to MS data and have shown that ICA represents a powerful unsupervised technique [29, 30].
K-means [31, 32] is a popular partitioning method due to its ease of programming, allowing a good trade-off between achieved performance and computational complexity. It performs well when the distance information between data points is important to the clustering. K-means requires the analyst to specify the number of clusters to extract, and there are tools available to determine the appropriate number of clusters . Although this is a widely used technique, it suffers from several drawbacks: K-means does not scale well with high dimensional datasets and is prone to local minima problems. It is sensitive to initial conditions, does not remove undesirable features for clustering, and it is best but even then it is prone to local maxima. In spite of the weaknesses, with thoughtful application, the K-means algorithm is very useful in analysis of proteomics data due to its simple algorithmic assumptions and intuitively clear and interpretable visualization [34, 35].
Hierarchical clustering outputs a dendrogram tree representation of the data. Leaves are the input patterns and non-leaf nodes represent a hierarchy of groupings. This method comes in two flavors: agglomerative and divisive. Agglomerative algorithms work from the bottom up, with each pattern in a separate cluster. Clusters are then iteratively merged according to some criterion. Conversely, divisive algorithms start from the whole dataset in a single cluster and work top down by iteratively dividing each cluster into two components until all clusters are singletons. Hierarchical clustering suffers from the disadvantage of any merging/division decision being irreversible and any errors being dragged through the rest of the hierarchy (in another word, established mergers cannot be undone). Thus, hierarchical clustering analysis and principal component analysis can be used to identify subgroups on the basis of similarities between the proteins’ expression profile. Hierarchical clustering methodologies commonly used in transcriptomic studies have also been performed on proteomic data [36, 37]. The different methods will shed light on different aspects of the data [38, 39].
Partial least squares (PLS) is a method of dimensionality reduction that maximizes the covariance between groups. PLS constructs a set of orthogonal components that maximize the sample covariance between the response and the linear combination of the predictor variables. It generalizes and combines the features of PCA and multilinear regression [41, 42]. Through maximizing the covariance of dependent and independent variables, PLS searches for the components that capture the majority of the information contained in independent variables as well as in the relations between dependent and independent variables. PLS regression is particularly useful when users have a very large set of predictors that are highly collinear. In case of over-fitting, the PLS will (1) reduce the predictors to a smaller set of uncorrelated components—these components are mapped in a new space—and (2) perform least squares regression on the new set of components. Although PLS regression was not originally designed for classification and discrimination problems, it has often been used for this purpose [23, 25, 43–49].
Random forests (RF) are another classifier method that consists of many decision trees and can be either supervised or unsupervised. It is a popular method that has gained recognition for its ability to construct robust classifiers and select discriminant variables in proteomics [34, 35, 51–54].
RF is an extension to bagging and uses de-correlated trees; it is capable of minimizing the number of selected features. For a given decision tree, a subset of samples is selected to build the tree; the remaining samples are predicted from this tree. Bagging (bootstrap aggregating) can be used as an ensemble method . To see which variables contribute the most to the separation, “importance” measures are computed, e.g., the “mean decrease accuracy” and the Gini index .
Principal component analyses are used for dimension reduction, but the reduction is valid only when the number of components (i.e., subjects in a study) is less than the number of features (i.e., measured entities in the experiment). In contrast, random forests can be used when the number of features (metabolites, genes, or proteins) is smaller than the number of subjects. A random forest tends to be resistant to over-fitting and also not very sensitive to outliers. A random forest does not handle missing data, and missing values either need to be eliminated or imputation of missing data is needed.
Support vector machine (SVM) is a supervised learning method that constructs a hyperplane or set of hyperplanes in a high-dimension or infinite dimensional space. A good separation is achieved when the hyperplane has the largest distance to the nearest training data point of any class (the so-called functional margin).
SVM can be applied to different data types by designing the kernel function for such data; selection of a specific kernel and parameters is usually a trial and error process. A kernel function is one that corresponds to an inner product in some expanded feature space. Kernel methods are a kernel class of algorithms for pattern analysis. Since SVM is using regularization, it is highly resistant to over-fitting, even in cases where the number of attributes is greater than the number of observations. In practice, this depends on the careful choice of a C and kernel parameter. A C parameter is an optimization or regularization parameter which is chosen by the user to allow the SVM to best classify the training set. For larger C, the optimization will choose a smaller margin hyperplane if that does a better job of getting all the training points classified correctly. For a very small value of C, this will cause the optimizer to look for a larger margin-separating hyperplane even if that hyperplane misclassifies more points. SVM has been used in various fields to identify biomarkers including proteomics datasets [57–60].
Several software tools are available that specifically address the problems associated with time-series data. TimeClust is a stand-alone tool which is available for different platforms and allows the clustering of gene expression data collected over time with distance-based, model-based, and template-based methods . There are also several other packages available in R such as maSigPro , timecourse , BAT , betr , fpca , timeclip , rnits , and STEM .
Python probabilistic graphical query language (pGQL) allows its user to interactively define linear HMM queries on time-course data using rectangular graphical widgets called probabilistic time boxes. The analysis is fully interactive, and the graphical display shows the time courses along with the graphical query. In JAVA, PESTS and OPTricluster both of which are stand-alone with a GUI interface are useful for the clustering of short time-series data in MATLAB. DynamiteC is a dynamic modeling and clustering algorithm which interleaves clustering time-course gene expression data with estimation of dynamic models of their response by biologically meaningful parameters .
After statistical and/or machine learning analysis, the next challenge is how to extract functional and biological information from a long list of proteins identified or discovered from high-throughput proteomic experiments. In order to provide biological insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms of different conditions or changes involved during the progression of disease as well as identification of potential drug targets [74–76], pathway and network analysis techniques can help to address the challenges of interpretation. We categorize these tools into three types: (1) tools with basic functional information (e.g., GO category analysis), (2) tools with rich functional information and topological features (e.g., GSEA , IPA ), and (3) tools with topological features (e.g., Cytoscape ).
For pathway analysis, we refer to data analysis that aims to identify activated pathways or pathway modules from functional proteomic data. For network analysis, we refer to data analysis that builds, overlays, visualizes, and infers protein interaction networks from functional proteomics and other systems biology data. It is at this stage that metabolomic and proteomic data intersect to reveal active biological processes in a particular system.
Pathway Commons is publicly available and has pathway information for multiple organisms. Pathways include biochemical interactions, complex assembly, transport and catalysis events, physical interactions involving proteins, DNA, RNA, small molecules and complexes, genetic interactions, and co-expression relationships. HumanCyc plus Pathway Tools provides another set of options. HumanCyc contains well-curated content on human metabolic pathways. The associated Pathway Tools software will let you paint gene expression, proteomics, or metabolomics data onto the HumanCyc pathway map, and Pathway Tools will also perform enrichment analysis. PathVisio is a publicly available pathway editor and visualization and analysis software. 3Omics is a web-based systems biology visualization tool for integrating human transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic data. It covers and connects cascades from transcripts, proteins, and metabolites and provides five commonly used analyses including correlation network, co-expression, phenotype generation, KEGG/HumanCyc pathway enrichment, and GO enrichment. For these tools, the user uploads transcriptome and proteome expression data. The metabolome is inferred using KEGG Pathway. 3Omics derives the relationship between the proteome and the metabolome from the literature.
GSEA enables molecular-signature-based statistical significance testing, which integrates protein functional category information effectively with statistical testing of functional genomics or proteomics results. GATHER is a functional enrichment tool (for KEGG pathways) along with several other categories which provides information for a list of genes/proteins in the context of genes, GO terms, predicted miRNAs, pathways, or diseases. The Protein ANalysis THrough Evolutionary Relationships (PANTHER) classification system is designed to classify proteins (and their genes) to support high-throughput analysis. It combines human curation with gene ontology and utilizes other sources for high-level analysis of protein lists.
A number of visualization tools and plug-ins are available for Cytoscape which can be used for biological network construction.
Ultimately, future tools must support elucidation of complex molecular mechanisms suggested from multiscale network data and molecular signature data. However, there are still significant challenges in designing next-generation network/pathway analysis tools. Network analysis and pathway analysis have been extensively applied to proteomic datasets, e.g., [75, 86, 87]. Some of the pathway and network analysis tools that have become available in the last decade are listed in Table 2. Although the content of most of these tools is based on knowledge and is freely available, a user might not be able to reproduce the same result using a different selection of tools. These tools integrate information from different sources; they obtain pathway information from the literature and by computational prediction.
There has been great progress in the last few years in making raw proteomic data publicly available, which provides a considerable value to the community. Currently, several repositories compile proteomic data. The PRoteomics IDEntifications (PRIDE) database at the EBI is a public repository that includes protein and peptide identifications, post-translational modifications, and supporting spectral evidence. The PeptideAtlas database from ISB’s Proteome Center accepts only the raw output of mass spectrometers, and all raw data are processed through a uniform pipeline of search software plus validation with the Trans-Proteomic Pipeline (TPP) . The results of this processing are coalesced and made available to the community through a series of builds for different organisms or sample types.
The Mass spectrometry Interactive Virtual Environment (MassIVE) is a community resource developed by the NIH-funded Center for Computational Mass Spectrometry to promote the global, free exchange of mass spectrometry data . The MassIVE can be run with UCSD proteomics . Chorus is a simple web application for storing, sharing, visualizing, and analyzing spectrometry files . A user can upload experiment files along with the metadata, analyze them, and also make them available to collaborators. The Global Proteome Machine Database (GPMDB) collects spectra and identifications that have been uploaded by researchers to a GPM analysis engine and presents the summarized results back to the community .
To make the process of data submission easier for the user, the ProteomeXchange consortium is set up to provide a single point of submission to proteomics repositories . Once the data are submitted to the ProteomeXchange entry point, they can be automatically distributed to all other repositories (PRIDE, MassIVE, and PeptideAtlas).
Machine learning and clustering approaches have been applied to proteomic and mass spectrometric data from many different biological disciplines in order to identify biomarkers for normal phenotypic characterization and for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of specific disease [48, 57]. The bioinformatics tools that are currently available for omic data analysis span a large panel of very diverse applications ranging from simple tools to sophisticated software for large-scale analysis. Technical advances and growing interest in the field have given rise to a great number of specialized tools and software to derive biologically meaningful information. These computational approaches assist in generating hypotheses to be tested in orthogonal experiments.
Machine learning and its methods have increasingly gained attention in bioinformatics research. With the availability of different types of classification methods, it is common for researchers to apply these tools to classify and mine their data. But one should keep in mind that no matter how sophisticated the bioinformatics tools, the quality of the results they produce is directly dependent on the quality of input data they are given. In addition, new experimental methods are likely to require newly adapted bioinformatics tools as mass spectrometers become more powerful and as novel experimental design results in more complex datasets. One area of rapidly expanding complexity is at the integration of the fronts of metabolomic and proteomic data. Each software tool has some advantage and disadvantage, so it benefits the user to employ a combination of tools to examine one dataset rather than a single software tool. Each dataset contains its own quirks, positive and negative, and it is up to the end users and analysts to decide the most effective approach for assessing the biology that is taking place within their experiment.
This study was supported by NIH 2R01LM009254 and 2R01LM008111 for AKF and LEH.
AKF conceived of the project and drafted the manuscript. LEE participated in its design. AKF, LEE, and LEH wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. | 2019-04-25T01:58:55Z | https://humgenomics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40246-015-0050-2 |
Okay. I want to preface this by saying that I am posting this for two reasons. First, because it interests me. Second, and more importantly, because it applies very much to my life right now. I want advice, and you guys have a smarter handle on this sort of thing than anyone I know.
Lets just say that someone in my family is in a bad place and has been getting routinely frustrated and emotional about non-important things like, all the time. This person is above me on the social scale and that's not something I can change. Actually, they are probably the only person in the entire world who I can't get mad at. That means that when they get irrationally angry at me, I have no recourse. Normally when this sort of things happens I can just shrug it off, but with the current frequency its getting difficult to deal with.
Right now, I see two possible actions on my part. I can continue to put a stopper on my frustrations. I happen to be very, very good at diffusing my own anger (when you have as many older brothers as I do, you learn when not to fight). The problem with this method is that if I do it too much I start to lose my energy and vitality. Perhaps you have read out the hormones related to primate hierarchies? The jist is that if you think you are the alpha and dominate over others, your hormone levels will adjust accordingly and make you dominant. However, if you are the lowest on the totem pole, well, lets just say that those who don't have anyone below them to get their frustrations off with don't live a very fun life. The other option, as far as I see it, is venting. It is very helpful for me to go attack the punching bag for a while as a means of diffusing the frustration. This,however, does not seem like a very mature solution.
So, here is where you guys come in. What do you think of the situation? Do you see any other ways for me to deal with it? Is there some way to apply hormesis to diffuse anger without making my body feel like I have mentally lost a whole bunch of fights and am a complete weakling?
This person is above me on the social scale and that's not something I can change. Actually, they are probably the only person in the entire world who I can't get mad at. That means that when they get irrationally angry at me, I have no recourse.
I don't understand this part. Can you elaborate?
If I have a friend and act a certain way, I can stop being their friend. If a sibling acts that way, I can call them out on it and work it out with them.
The person who I speak of I am completely uncomfortable calling out on their behavior. This is due to my respect for that person, and also the relationship I have with them that I do not want to endanger, that I can't bring myself to get into a fight with them.
I suppose it would help if I put this a situation you might encounter. Here is an example. Say you have a boss who nags on you all the time and you know if you get mad at them your job would be endangered. You however, cannot quit due to financial strain. So, you are stuck in a position where you are "below" them and cannot do anything to fix the situation. Unless your boss really gets our of line, but that's not the situation here.
My current situation will pass, as it has in the past. But I think that I will encounter similar situations in the future, for example the boss example I just discussed. I am wondering what you guys think about various coping mechanisms.
"All adult relationships are voluntary"
That includes relationships with family members.
If I had an abusive friend or co-worker, I'd tell them my experience and try to understand theirs.
If they were ultimately unable or unwilling to stop abusing me, the best thing for me and for them would be to end the relationship. Many abusive people are like addicts -- when they are around someone willing to be their "victim" they can't help themselves. If you wanted to help an alcoholic, you'd take the liquor away. If you want to help an abusive person, one solution is to remove yourself from the situation.
I agree with Aelephant, but I understand this is easier said than done, especially in the job scenario you depict. I mean, especially if you have a family depending on you, it can be difficult to confront your boss. On the other hand, we still have labor laws (admittedly quickly being eroded) and so should not have to put up with bullying.
On the other hand, that is not the situation you presently find yourself in, so I would at least confront this person or talk to them. I think standing up to them would help relieve some of the tension and, even if it didn't, you would not suffer from the hormonal changes you allude to (lowered testosterone level) that comes from lowering your head in front of an "alpha" male.
Of course, my advice should be taken with a grain of salt, since there is much I don't know about your situation.
Thank you for your responses. They are insightful and helpful.
I'm not looking for some magic solution and I don't expect you to say anything particularly life altering. I'm just casting my net out there for ideas.
I should also make it clear that the relationship is not abusive and generally very pleasant. And that's what makes it complicated. Because when they are frustrated about something in their life, they tend not to control their emotions very well. And those periods of uncontrolled emotion sometimes last for several days, and end up in the frustration on my end that I have talked about. After these periods, they are very open and will talk about why and how they acted. But then do it again. So I don't think communication is necessarily the answer. So I'm back to my original idea, that mechanisms for coping with my frustration may be the best, as those would not only help me, but they would probably help alleviate the situation, considering that anger begets anger.
Lets just say that someone in my family is in a bad place and has been getting routinely frustrated and emotional about non-important things like, all the time.... Right now, I see two possible actions on my part. I can continue to put a stopper on my frustrations. I happen to be very, very good at diffusing my own anger (when you have as many older brothers as I do, you learn when not to fight). The problem with this method is that if I do it too much I start to lose my energy and vitality...The other option, as far as I see it, is venting. It is very helpful for me to go attack the punching bag for a while as a means of diffusing the frustration. This, however, does not seem like a very mature solution.
...Is there some way to apply hormesis to diffuse anger without making my body feel like I have mentally lost a whole bunch of fights and am a complete weakling?
Actually, the situation you describe has a very effective solution in Stoicism, which I consider to be a near cousin of Hormetism. As I described in my page on Stoicism, the Stoics considered the emotions and behavior of others as falling into the sphere of externals, or that over which we have little or no control. The Stoics pointed out that if we react emotionally to others with frustration, anger, or other negative emotions, that is a choice we're making that we don't have to make. It makes no more sense than getting upset at a thunderstorm or other natural event. What we should pay attention to are our internal values, emotions, intentions and decisions -- things which we can in fact control. Not that this is easy, but to the extent that reactions are conditioned, we can unlearn those reactions and learn new ones.
If you look at the emotional outbursts of others as "storms" then you can just weather and wait them out until they pass by. I found this approach helpful in dealing with the tantrums of small children and the mouthing off or outbursts of teenagers. It's easy to get drawn in and react, until you realize that these "storms" usually pass and things quiet down again if you just wait a little while.
If you have a chance to pick up William Irvine's "A Guide to the Good Life: The Ancient Art of Stoic Joy", I think you'll find a very clearly written, insightful book that addresses your situation and many others. I found it to be very helpful in reframing the way I approach other people and my own personal challenges. Hormesis comes in here quite clearly, because you find yourself actually looking forward to testing yourself in how you handle situations that could be considered emotional or taxing...but with practice and reflection become like water falling off a duck's back. Repeated exposure to these challenges builds your ability to avoid reacting counterproductively. It doesn't mean you don't care, in fact it actually makes you more effective at helping in productive ways because you can focus on what actually works. Learning to recondition your emotional response is certainly more effective, I think, than either suppressing your unhelpful emotions or venting them.
I don't know if this addresses your situation or helps, but I throw it out there just in case.
I just read your post on Stoicism and found it to be very helpful, actually. I like the analogy of a storm to be "weathered." There is something I have been exploring recently that relates to this: the feeling of power. I find that my ability to "weather" stress and shrug things like this off is highly dependent on my the state of my mind and my body. If I feel powerful and confident, I am not bothered by things. If I have been stressed out for a few days, stayed up too late, etc, that caused me to feel less than optimal then I will have a harder time dealing. The factors that are involved in that are things I am actively and continuously pursuing.
I wanted to add a Lao Tse quote about impressions, but I can't find it now. Maybe it's not Lao Tse, but one of the other Taoist writers. Anyway, I will paraphrase. There is a man and he finds his ax missing. When he looks at the neighbor's son, the boy looks like a thief to him. Later, the man finds that ax and the next time he sees the boy he looks good mannered. The boy did not change, but the man's impression of him did. I suppose we could apply a similar concept to the Stoicism ideas. If I feel weak and not in control, even in a small way, I am more likely to interpret an angry person as a personal attack and respond emotionally to it. I will desire to fight back, and when I do I will send the message to my body that I am weak, compounding the effect. However, if I feel strong and in control of my body and emotions, that control being something that, as I understand it, the techniques of Stoicism are designed to supply, I am more likely to view the anger of another person as interesting, or even funny. In this case, I am confident their their anger is not really directed at me, and if it was I know that I can defend myself. Thus, I can not fight the storm, but not have it beat me either. Interesting.
See! This is what this thread was supposed to do, supply me with food for thought. Every suggestion you guys make gives me ten more ideas to explore. Thank you.
Hi shadowfoot. First I just want to say that I think you are amazing and inspirational. Your posts are intelligent, articulate, and mature. If you hadn’t mentioned your age in an earlier post, then I would have assumed you were much, much older.
I happen to be very, very good at diffusing my own anger (when you have as many older brothers as I do, you learn when not to fight). The problem with this method is that if I do it too much I start to lose my energy and vitality.
When you are fully successful at diffusing anger, then you gain energy and enhance vitality. It sounds as if you have developed a coping strategy that is only partially successful and that you have feelings of powerlessness underneath the anger. Typically, anger and frustration have layers of emotions underneath. If you genuinely address the various layers, then it’s possible to have an entirely different emotional response to a difficult situation. Often we have beliefs, expectations, or agendas that keep us locked into a particular feeling pattern. It is possible to unravel our emotional patterns and conditioning. It is challenging work so be patient with yourself and focus on incremental progress. The process is one of looking openly and honestly at the situation and ourselves. This then leads to some kind of insight and making a change within yourself that implements your insight in a tangible way. That then leads to a new insight.
Even though you feel as though the other person is in the alpha position and you are below them, if you look underneath you might find that the opposite is true. Even though outwardly the other person is in the position of power, inwardly you might have access to insight, wisdom, and skills that they are lacking.
I think that compassion, empathy, and kindness are crucial elements for genuine emotional healing. Usually, it’s helpful to first extend those qualities towards yourself. As you resolve the issue from within yourself, you tend to naturally feel and extend those qualities to the other person who is difficult to deal with. All people who are projecting their anger onto others are in a state of pain and suffering.
It is helpful to have a feeling of spaciousness and a broad perspective concerning the situation. Some kind of meditation and quieting the mind and thoughts can be helpful with this. Also, knowing that the situation will change.
I have found that breathing is incredibly helpful in dealing with emotions. I recommend a gentle connected breath, meaning that you connect the inhale with the exhale and do not pause or hold the breath. Holding the breath is usually connected with emotional holding.
I also recommend moving your eyes either in a sideways figure eight pattern or a random scribbling pattern. The eyes lock in patterns of emotion. Changing your eye movements releases emotional conditioning. I currently combine the eye movements with the gentle connected breathing, while allowing myself to feel the emotion. With practice it releases challenging emotions and frees energy.
There are lots of other tools and techniques for working with emotions. I would explore and experiment with different ones until you find what resonates for you.
Good luck and may you come to peace with this situation.
This is spot on. I think a lot of young males in particular have been sold this very Hollywood version of what an "alpha" male is that entails trampling others underfoot, being disconnected from one's feelings and needs, and often seeking "happiness" through meaningless sexual conquests. This is a great recipe for getting respect from other easily manipulated young men, but not such a great recipe for success in life or achieving true happiness. I don't mean to imply that shadowfoot has this mentality, but since it was brought up I figured I'd share my thoughts.
Thank you Heidi. Your post was very helpful. I'm sorry if I do not respond to your points, but I feel that I need time to properly digest time. Thank you also for your kind comments. I could reveal many things about myself which would help to explain how I got to be the way I am, but I prefer to be a bit of an enigma. Maybe some day.
I would say that the "alpha" male that aelephant describes is not me. I see two versions, if you will, of the "alpha" personality. The first is the stereotyped male who wants to dominate and does so through strength and brutality with no real understanding of the emotions involved. The second is a more sophisticated alpha, an alpha of the twenty-first century. This alpha still dominates the situation, but he does so through poise, skill, leadership, kindness, etc. I strive to model myself more after the second ideal.
However, I would say that in my weaker moments, as I described earlier, I subconsciously lean more towards the former. If I feel weakened, attacked, or not in control (of the situation and, more importantly, my own emotions), I revert to a more primitive thought mode.
I think in many ways it is not just this specific situation that I posted here wanting answers about, but many similar situations in life. I think it boils down to this -- how to strong when you feel weak, because, as much as I might try to prevent it, there is no getting around the fact that I will feel weak sometimes. You guys have given me a lot of good food for thought so far. Thank you.
I think I have to part company, at least to some extent, with the stoics on this one. The same beef I have with them, I have with certain types of behaviorism. Basically both schools take into account only surface appearances. Certainly the stoics would admit that there is an inner-world, however, their notion of it lacks the complexity of depth-psychology. I will clarify what I mean below.
Sure, there are certain circumstances over which we have no control and we need to do the best that we can in such circumstances. However, just because we might need to "make do" does not mean that such circumstances will have no effect on us negatively. For example, I don't have the study at hand, but I have read studies (maybe by Sapolsky) about how testosterone levels in males diminish when they lose or are "dissed" by another male in some way. (I am assuming here that you agree lowered testosterone levels are not a good thing).
So, the question is, would this change if we attempted the stoic posture in such situations? I mean, if we just reconciled ourselves-at least, seemingly- with the situation would there not be such a physiological change? I don't know, but I doubt it.
I read a book a few years ago that sheds light on this issue as well. It was written by a Doctor Sarno M.D. and the title was "Healing Back Pain: The Mind-Body Connection. Sarno is an orthopedic surgeon and professor of that discipline at New York University. He became disenchanted with the diagnoses and treatment of most back treatments. He noticed that when comparing the X-Rays of "bad" backs with "good" backs there was often no difference. (You'll have to read the book for a detailed discussion of this, I am obviously simplifiying). Mind you the cases involved seemed to have a physical cause...the person had been in an accident, had lifted something heavy, etc...but it turns out, according to Sarno, that this wasn't the real cause of the malaise. He found out that in MOST cases back ailments have to do with some suppressed emotion, usually anger, that the person is unwilling to confront and deal with. Sarno claims that when such emotions are dealt with the back ailment will be alleviated. He has some statistics in his book on his success. I can only report that at the time I read the book I was suffering from some back problems-bad ones-that were resolved when I followed his methods and did a self-inventory of my emotions.
Now I can imagine the stoics applauding the self-reflection advised by Sarno, but I can also imagine them NOT allowing the anger to be and finding some outlet for it. Yet, what happens to anger that does not get directed outwards? It gets directed inwards. It is worth noting that Marcus Aurelius is thought to have suffered from ulcers. It's a matter of speculation, but I wonder if this might not have been a result of "holding it all in". I hope my point is clear. Having a philosophical position that holds that these emotions have a bad effect on you does not render such emotions harmless, no matter what you say or no matter what kind of happy face you put on.
I think in many ways it is not just this specific situation that I posted here wanting answers about, but many similar situations in life. I think it boils down to this -- how to strong when you feel weak, because, as much as I might try to prevent it, there is no getting around the fact that I will feel weak sometimes.
I think I have to part company, at least to some extent, with the stoics on this one. The same beef I have with them, I have with certain types of behaviorism. Basically both schools take into account only surface appearances. Certainly the stoics would admit that there is an inner-world, however, their notion of it lacks the complexity of depth-psychology...Sure, there are certain circumstances over which we have no control and we need to do the best that we can in such circumstances. However, just because we might need to "make do" does not mean that such circumstances will have no effect on us negatively. For example...testosterone levels in males diminish when they lose or are "dissed" by another male in some way. (I am assuming here that you agree lowered testosterone levels are not a good thing). So, the question is, would this change if we attempted the stoic posture in such situations? I mean, if we just reconciled ourselves-at least, seemingly- with the situation would there not be such a physiological change? I don't know, but I doubt it.... what happens to anger that does not get directed outwards? It gets directed inwards.... Having a philosophical position that holds that these emotions have a bad effect on you does not render such emotions harmless, no matter what you say or no matter what kind of happy face you put on.
Great discussion here. This is exactly the sort of reflective philosophical discussion I enjoy on this site!
You both raise excllent points. While the issues you both raise are different, my response to both of you centers on a common theme: namely, that emotional strength is not a fixed entity, but rather something we can influence. This comes from the perspective of treating the person or organism as highly adaptive -- not merely in body, but also in mind.
As you indicate, Shadowfoot, we are most vulnerable to frustration and an impaired response when we are feeling psychologically "weak". But just as we can strengthen our muscles, our immune systems, and the other aspects of our organism, we can likewise become more resilient psychologically. I think that hormesis provides a good model for doing that. Certainly, my own experience -- and what I've learned from others -- is that taking on more emotionally challenging situations and handling them well builds the capacity to become more adept at how we respond. And yet it is possible to become overwhelmed emotionally, just as one can become overwhelmed physically. There is always a "breaking point". Nevertheless, we can usually increase our capacity. I think this can be done deliberately to some extent, using Stoic "spiritual excerises" such as voluntary discomfort and negative visualization. But you can go further and make a point of testing yourself, planning out how you'll respond to the next angry, inconsiderate, or condescending individual.
Thomas, I agree that some versions of behaviorism appear to deal only with surface behavior. But the more sophisticated versions acknowledge emotions and an inner life. And I believe that just like overt behavior, emotions can be conditioned, at least to some extent. That is not to deny that we have many deep seated, innate ways of responding, and we have emotional needs. I would also agree with you that emotional repression is not a good idea. But I think there is a big difference between repressing or suppressing emotional responses and changing how we respond. Certainly, fears and anxieties can be largely overcome and mastered by progressive exposure, together with insight. I've seen this in friends, relatives and even myself. The same is true for anger. I stopped becoming angry at one individual once I better understood his situation and realized that my reaction wasn't helping anything. The anger vanished, and our relationship improved. And I'd really have to say that this did not involving repression or redirecting my anger inward. Analogously, you can re-condition how you respond to food and change your appetite without "repressing" your hunger. The point that many people miss, however, is that changing behaviors, emotional responses, and appetite is a gradual process that takes time and lots of reinforcement. The bottom line, however, is that you really can "re-wire" your responses on the level of neural circuits and neurotransmitters.
I have no doubt that disrespect can lead to biochemical changes like reduced testosterone, as you point out. But this is also a conditioned response that can be changed. It requires the crucial perception that one is being harmed by the "disrespect". Gang members can be easily "dissed" by looks or gestures that would probably not seem disrespectful to you or me. I used to react to drivers who cut me off in traffic, honked, gave me the finger, etc. But honestly, this really doesn't bother me any more. I actually find it a bit humorous, and perhaps feel a bit of pity for people who are so reactive. I'll get to where I'm headed in the car, listen to nice music on the radio, and have a nice day. I'm sure that if you are surrounded by non-stop hostile and ugly behavior, it can get to you at some point. But the idea is not to become insulated and immune from the world. On the contrary, I think we want to fully engage with both positive and negative emotions, but we want to become more resilient. Again the physical metaphor is apt: We strengthen our bodies so we become more resilient and can take on challenging, fun and adventurous physical activities. If we go mountain biking, rock climbing or play sports, we are always vulnerable to injury and mishap; but strength and agility training helps reduce their impact and make exercise more enjoyable overall.
I think it is useful to think about specific training exercises or techniques we can carry out to build our emotional resilience. Doing this in a deliberate "hormetic" way, as opposed to just generally taking on life's challenges, might be quite effective. Training oneself in advance of real life challenges, and separately from them, is something that we do for our physical selves, but it seems to be uncommon to do it for our emotional selves.
I have no doubt that disrespect can lead to biochemical changes like reduced testosterone, as you point out. But this is also a conditioned response that can be changed. It requires the crucial perception that one is being harmed by the "disrespect".
There are things over which we have little control, and it is good that we can accomodate ourselves to them through the techniques that the Stoics recommend, however, I have to say that I am skeptical of the above statement. It might be true, but I would have to see evidence of it. Surely there is a difference between "getting flipped off by an irate motorist" and a scenario in which we are daily being insulted. Would an abused housewife-I will limit the example to emotional abuse-be able to use Stoic exercises to cope with her situation? Should she?
This leads to the next question: when should one resort to such techniques and when should one choose more assertive action? It's been over 20 years since I last read the Aldous Huxley's, "Brave New World", but it comes to mind in regards to this discussion. Brief recapitulation. The protagonist lives in a society where people are made "happy" by means of a drug called Soma. However, every now and then, people will start to get uneasy, especially when they are in the vicinity of nature. Now substitute "your body" for the word "nature". I know that the Stoics were not escapist, per se. They didn't just ignore the contents of their mind or circumstance. However, I wonder at what point the body/psyche will break or rebel against attempts to transform it to "fit in" to a given situation.
I see value in what the Stoics have to offer, and I don't mean to reduce their thought to some political ploy. However, it's hard not to imagine that Stoicism could be of some use by those interested in maintaining the status quo. After all, if you've got a problem with the system, it's your problem. "Don't get upset about it. Go change your mind about it. Things could be worse". Important to at least keep in mind that it developed in a society based on slavery. As with Plato, another defender of the status quo, one mustn't reject the whole philosophy and reduce it to political expediency, but it might be important to bear in mind that even philosophy is not completely exempt of its authors' class interests. Important to keep in mind that Marcus Aurelius was a staunch persecutors of a group that threatened the status quo of the Roman Empire: the Christians.
Surely there is a difference between "getting flipped off by an irate motorist" and a scenario in which we are daily being insulted. Would an abused housewife-I will limit the example to emotional abuse-be able to use Stoic exercises to cope with her situation? Should she?
This leads to the next question: when should one resort to such techniques and when should one choose more assertive action?... I know that the Stoics were not escapist, per se. They didn't just ignore the contents of their mind or circumstance. However, I wonder at what point the body/psyche will break or rebel against attempts to transform it to "fit in" to a given situation.
I see value in what the Stoics have to offer, and I don't mean to reduce their thought to some political ploy. However, it's hard not to imagine that Stoicism could be of some use by those interested in maintaining the status quo.
I do see how Stoicism can easily be misread as fatalism or accomodationism...just learning to take the bitter medicine with a happy face. Your critique reflects to some extent my own issue with William Irvine's gloss on Stoicism, which I wrote about on my blog. I think that Irvine incorrectly interprets the Stoics as advocating a type of "tranquilty" that translates to being content with one's lot in life, which means being less inclined to take assertive action to resist unjust or abusive treatment.
He, therefore, whom neither pleasure nor pain, nor fame nor riches, can get the better of, and who is able, whenever he thinks fit, to spit his whole body into his tormentor’s face and depart from life, whose slave can he ever be? To whom is he subject?
Stockdale credits a college course on Epictetus with empowering him to avoid cracking during years of being tortured in a POW prison during the Vietnam War.
I realize that you've brought up several facets of Marcus Aurelius's life that puts him in the oppressor camp, particularly in his treatment of the Christians. Other accounts indicate that as Roman emperors went, he was more fairminded and forward thinking and less self-aggrandizing than most of his predecessors and followers, and that he held the Roman Empire together through a period of great external and internal challenge. So perhaps he is more of a mixed bag than other Stoics like Epictetus .
Of course, in our age where we are more empowered to act, and have a better chance of success at righting wrongs, we can be more confident in taking action. We should take action wherever we can to effect positive change. Where I part with classic Stoicism is that I think actual outcomes in the external world matter - we should not merely be satisfied with making a good effort or acting justly.
But where I do agree with Stoicism is that we can become more effective in resisting unjust and abusive actions by learning to focus on positive actions to resist or change an unfair situation. Sometimes powerful emotions like fear, anxiety and anger can prod us to action, but I think that more often they can paralyze us, distract us, or interfere with our ability to take effective action.
Regardless of how you interpret Stoicism, the key point I've tried to make is that to the extent that emotions overpower us and make us less able to respond effectively, we should consider strengthening ourselves to make those emotions less debilitating or distracting. This is not something we can generally "chose" to do in the moment. But there are things we can do to become more resilient. Reslient doesn't mean complacent or accommodating. It means tougher -- and that toughness can be used to resist or to bring about positive change. Toughness doesn't mean banishing emotion, but it does mean gaining a degree of control or mastery over one's emotions.
Thanks for your comments, Thomas. I enjoy the insight and passion you bring to these discussions -- so I look forward to meeting you this week at the talk in Palo Alto! | 2019-04-26T08:26:27Z | http://forum.gettingstronger.org/index.php?topic=132.0 |
Jeannie Lin grew up fascinated with stories of Western epic fantasy and Eastern martial arts adventures. When her best friend introduced her to romance novels in middle school, the stage was set. Jeannie started writing her first romance while working as a high school science teacher in South Central Los Angeles. Her first two books have received starred reviews in Publishers Weekly and Library Journal and The Dragon and the Pearl was listed among Library Journal's Best Romances of 2011.
Lady Ling Suyin waited in the parlour at the edge of the Snake hour, her house rendered silent except for the buzz of dragonflies outside. The tea before her had long gone cold. The last servant had brought it that morning before fleeing.
The boldest of them had begged her to join them, but the warlord who was coming for her would burn every village along the river to find her. She wouldn't add to her growing collection of debt. Another stone on the scale.
She straightened at the crunch of boots over leaves at the front of the house. They were steady and deliberate. Her heart pounded harder with each impending step. He'd come alone. Her breath caught as the imposing figure appeared in the doorway, every bit the demon they spoke of in the imperial court. Black robe, dark hair cut short, an impassive expression that revealed nothing to her. That meant she had nothing over him.
'Ling Guifei.' His voice rang deep as he greeted her by title.
Suyin remained seated and let the military governor approach. If she stood, her legs might fail her. The prominence of his features added to her fear. This was a face that could never be overlooked. All sun-darkened skin and sharp angles. A scar cut below his left eye, ruining his stark symmetry. That was new.
The first and only time she had seen Li Tao, he'd stood before the imperial court as a young man being commended for his valour. The restless energy that once had radiated from him was constrained behind a wall of discipline. Time had honed him to razor sharpness. Time had not left her untouched either.
All the civility in the world could not take the edge off him.
Her stomach fluttered in warning, but she breathed through it. She propped an elbow on to the table and made her tone as light as possible. All the while, her heart pounded so hard she could barely hear her words.
As if she could be safe with him. There was nowhere safe for her any longer, no allies left to protect her. Would the late Emperor's enforcer come for her after so many years? She had thought her secrets long buried.
Suyin dug her nails into the edge of the table as he stepped closer. She had been left alone to fend for herself before, but she had been young and defenceless. An accomplished courtesan should be able to command her fear. She should be able to command the man in front of her.
Li Tao halted two strides from her and she spied the silhouette of a weapon inside the drape of his sleeve. An assassin's blade. She lifted the cup and took a sip to cover her shock. Cold, bitter tea slid over her tongue. Experience allowed her to keep from trembling, but she had no control over the way her heart raced or how her palms grew damp as he loomed over her.
The warlord addressed her as if she were his superior. It wasn't much, but there had to be some way to use it. She caught the trailing edge of her shawl and draped it over her shoulders. She stood straight and paused before gliding past him.
He made no move toward her, but he was watching. All men did.
She stepped through the empty house, listening to his purposeful stride on the floorboards behind her. He was too close. By the time she emerged outside, her fingers were numb from being clenched so tight.
A palanquin awaited her by the side of the single dusty road leading from her manor. A regiment of soldiers outfitted in black and red assembled around the litter. The military governors, the jiedushi, commanded their own regional forces independent of the Emperor's army. No one challenged them within their own domains, but this stretch of the forest was clearly under imperial jurisdiction. This was an affront the Emperor would not overlook.
Li Tao followed her like a gathering storm to the sedan and the urge to flee nearly overwhelmed her. If she ran, it would only remind him that he was a hunter, a warrior, a killer. As it was, some part of him thought he was a gentleman.
That was all he'd grant her. With a heaviness in her chest, she looked back. The August Emperor had built this home for her before his death. The manor itself meant nothing to her. Her gaze drifted to the river beyond, a rolling canvas on which the sunlight danced. She breathed deep to take in the scent of the river, of the surrounding moss and earth. This was what she would miss.
It had been too much to wish that she could be hidden away and forgotten. Perhaps she had always known someone would come for her. Debts had to be repaid in this life or the next.
She stopped before the palanquin and turned to find herself face to face with the most ruthless of the jiedushi. He was a tower of lean strength and corded muscle up close. And he was still assessing her with that penetrating gaze.
She wouldn't cower before him. The rulers of the empire devoured the weak. She waited until he came forwards to pull the curtain aside with a sweep of his arm. The tiniest of concessions.
His eyes narrowed. 'A woman,' he said after a pause.
His hand tightened on the curtain, the material clenched between his fingers. At once his pupils darkened, his breathing grew deep. The signs were there and she could read them like lines of poetry. How else was a woman to protect herself in the world of men? Li Tao, for all of his supposed cunning, was just another man.
'You do not disappoint,' he said in a low voice.
He dropped into the familiar form of address. The spark in his eyes showed the first hint of any heat beneath the cold exterior.
For a dark moment, she was caught in the call of his gaze. They were close, nearly touching. She had provoked him on purpose, but regretted it as an alarming awareness unfurled itself within her, prickling just beneath her skin. The regiment of soldiers surrounding them faded. There was only one man here she had any fear of.
'And here I had thought the game was over for me,' she murmured.
He didn't respond. Her shoulder brushed against his sleeve as she slipped inside the wooden transport. His black eyes remained on her as the curtain fell back across the opening.
The journey came to Suyin in fragments snatched through the window. She caught glimpses of thick vines growing over the trees, the reflection of sunlight off distant water. Li Tao rode at the front and his soldiers kept her surrounded at every moment. This must be Li Tao's infamous first battalion. They called themselves the Rising Guard and held the reputation of being the fiercest warriors in the empire.
The dense shade and the babble of her river gave way to a dirt road grooved with wheel tracks. They were going south, further away from the seat of imperial power. She no longer had a place in the new Emperor's court, but she clung to the illusion that the centre of the empire was a safe and civilised place. What lay beyond was lawless and unpredictable. That was why they had needed the jiedushi.
On the fourth day, they passed an armed barricade. Grim-faced soldiers patrolled the line and she ducked away from the window.
It was true. The regional armies were assembling. She had isolated herself from the capital city of Changan to escape from the unrest, but news had still drifted to her over the last year through her servants. They made weekly trips to the city markets while she remained shut away in her manor.
There was only one reason for a barricade in the interior of the empire. There was infighting among the military governors. They had been gaining in power for years and continued to seize control in the uncertainty of Emperor Shen's rule. Perhaps she should have gone into hiding with the servants after all.
With a shudder, she pulled her shawl tight around her shoulders. She was dressed in the same clothes she had worn when they had come for her, the only possessions Li Tao had allowed her to bring.
She hated this part. The going away. The earth element in her longed to remain grounded in one place. Travel never held good tidings. Abrupt change brought back memories of being uprooted and taken some place far and unknown. It always seemed to come to that, and she knew from experience there was never a way to return.
The survival instinct returned to her, encasing her like a second skin. She sharpened her senses and became aware of everything around her. Li Tao prepared for war with swords and soldiers. She had her own weapons.
Over the next days, the open road faded beneath the shadow of a mountain and the soil became dark and rich. They travelled into a verdant forest of bamboo. The stalks rose high overhead. They called it the bamboo sea, not for any vast stretch of water, but for the rhythmic sway of the bamboo and the rustle of the spear-tipped leaves in the breeze. The green canopy engulfed them on all sides. When she blinked away from the window, a red haze remained over her eyes, veiling the world in an unnatural glow.
Suyin peered out of the window of the sedan to search for Li Tao. He rode tall in the saddle with his back straight. His dark robe stood out against the forest green. Naturally, he became her main focal point. He had all the power and she had none.
He'd barely spoken to her except for the scant conversation they'd exchanged by the river. Why would he go beyond his barricades to take her captive? Her influence had died with the August Emperor. She was merely a relic now, faded and wrung free of any usefulness.
The caravan came to an abrupt stop and the curtain was swept aside. Once again, Li Tao stood before her. He extended his hand and she had no choice but to take it, pressing her fingers briefly over his before letting go. The fleeting warmth of the touch lingered on her skin and a disturbing awareness curled around her as she stood beside him. She knew how to identify influence and power, but had never been so recklessly drawn to it.
She redirected her attention to the mansion nestled among the towering bamboo. It was twice the size of her home and built in the same opulent style of imperial architecture. The silhouette invoked the elaborate pagodas of the palace with wooden beams and tiled rooftops. Its grand structure intruded upon the tranquil forest.
His only reply was a wry twist of his lips before he gestured toward the front of the mansion. The man hoarded his words like gold coins. Every action was so controlled, she wondered if he ever lost himself in anger or passion. The last thought sent a shiver down her spine.
Li Tao remained behind her as they moved past the twin-lion statues that guarded the entrance. With every step, she became more aware of his dominance. His stride was confident and his authority complete. The illusion of deference he presented by allowing her to lead the way was laughable. How long would it be before he made his true demands known?
Household servants filed into the entrance hall one after another. Only seven of them, a small number for such a spacious compound. A grey-haired, round-faced woman headed the assembly. She gasped when Li Tao made the introduction.
'Ling GuifeiV The old woman bowed and bowed. The narrow bones of her shoulders protruded through the brown servant's robe.
'Jinmei, show Lady Ling to her apartments.' Li Tao cast a dismissive glance in Suyin's direction before turning to leave.
Insufferable. She flushed hot with anger as he disappeared down a corridor. He had treated her with the same indifference throughout the journey. She had been taken from her home under force of arms, yet he cast her aside as if she was of no importance at all. It wasit was worse than being interrogated and threatened. At least then she'd know what his plans were.
The guards marched behind them as she led Suyin through the spacious hall.
A pleasant visit indeed. Escorted by fifty armed men.
The Dragon and the Pearl (Harlequin Historical #1062) 4 out of 5 based on 0 ratings. 7 reviews.
Throw your expectations out the window, because this is a different kind of romance novel. Having read and loved Butterfly Swords, I expected a plucky heroine adventuring in an exotic time and place with a hero who has a heart of gold. I got something much better. Our heroine, Suyin, was the emperor's concubine. Her weapons are beauty, poise, secrets and intrigue. Our hero is a ruthless warlord who has turned against his master more than once. These are sophisticated characters who are cynical about life and love. The result is a mature romance that tugged at my heartstrings because it wasn't the story of two people coming together for high-minded reasons, but two battered souls, two grim survivors, given a chance at redemption. The ending of the novel seemed to change abruptly in tone, from a darker story to something lighter, trickier, and slippery. Almost dreamlike. As if it was how the characters wished it might end, instead of how it might have really happened. I'm told there are cultural reasons for this, and in truth, this novel does seem more exotic than its predecessor. This is a beautiful book. There's a cinematic quality to the novel; I was able to visualize Dynastic China in beautiful little glimpses. If I close my eyes, I can imagine our heroine wearing her blue silk, standing between the stone guardians of her lover's fortress, hoping he will come home alive. I can vividly imagine the heroine submitting herself to her lover's ink, letting him leave his mark on her. The love story built slowly, so that when our heroine declares that she will die without her lover, I believed her. And I was so glad she got her happy ending.
Ling Suyin is the late Emperor's consort. A woman of stunning beauty and considered the supreme seductress across the Empire. After years fighting for survival within the Imperial Court, all Suyin really wants is a quiet place away from the intrigue and treachery of the palace. And that is what her former master granted her upon his death, a nice home near the river, far away from the Imperial Court. Li Tao is a ruthless warlord, raised on the streets of Luoyong. He exemplifies the motto: he who lives by the sword, dies by the sword. Secure within the province he rules, Li Tao has the foresight and skill to understand the changing winds within the Empire. The Empire has fractured, war has breached the horizon, and Tao knows he will be forced to stand against Imperial forces. But for an anonymous note sent to Li Tao, Suyin would have been granted her wish. Li Tao kidnaps Suyin pulling her back into palace machinations. Tao is aware that rival Governors want the late Emperor's courtesan out of the way. Are the secrets she carries enough to warrant her execution? Tao must uncover who sent him the note about the famed courtesan, before it's too late. As the outside world begins to unravel, and Imperial forces march towards his province, Tao makes Suyin an offer. Her freedom for a night in his bed, only Tao and Suyin soon discover a night is not enough for either of them. What begins as a single night becomes a love with the power to bring down an Empire. The Dragon and The Pearl is Jeannie Lin's spectacular follow up to Butterfly Swords. The story captivated me from the moment I began reading. A titillating, refreshing read, Ms. Lin's hero had previously assumed the role of villain in Butterfly Swords. A very unique twist, changing a villain into a hero and Ms. Lin does not disappoint. Jeannie Lin's heart gripping tale set during the Tang Dynasty is one of this year's not to be missed novels. I'm already at the edge of my seat eagerly anticipating the next entry in this engaging saga.
This past weekend, I was looking for a little bit of a lighter read (my husband and I took a road trip to the beach to celebrate our first anniversary) and this book certainly fit the bill!!! This is the second book about Li Tao (the first was called The Butterfly Swords). I didn't read The Butterfly Swords but I don't think you have to read it in order to enjoy The Dragon and the Pearl. This book is definitely a great stand alone book. Suyin is alone in the world. After she falls out of favor with the monarchy, she lives on her own. Tao is a ruthless war lord looking to stake a claim in any way that he can. He takes Suyin away from her home because he thinks that she will make a good bargaining chip for him to get what he wants. Suyin is a former courtesan who is rumored to be able to make men fall in love with her with just a single look. Li Tao hardly believes that and is sure that he will be above her charm. Eh, it's a little predictable but I still loved the book and as I said, it fit the bill for a good light read. I really liked this book. The setting is off the beaten path (China during the Tang Dynasty) and I thought that Lin did a really great job with creating the world for the reader. Bottom line: If you're looking for a love story in an awesome locale, this is the book for you. | 2019-04-24T06:32:29Z | https://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/dragon-and-the-pearl-jeannie-lin/1100670531?ean=9781459214422 |
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This is the home of Corrie ten Boom in Haarlem, just a 15 minute train ride outside of Amsterdam. On one of our days in Amsterdam, we took a day trip here to explore the beautiful, quiet town of Haarlem and take a tour of this historic home. It amazed me to see that it’s still standing to this day, and the rooms have been kept in almost the exact condition as they were during World War II, when Corrie lived there with her father and sister. Corrie ten Boom’s biography, The Hiding Place, was one of the first books I read that made an impact on my life and left an impression with me I’ll never forget. It was truly an honor and a privilege to get to see her home, to be there in person, and see where so many important events took place.
The ten Boom family owned a well-known watch shop on one of the main streets in Haarlem. Corrie’s father Casper was a highly respected jeweler and expert watchmaker. He was known as the best watch repairman in Holland and people came from all over Holland, even Germany, to have him repair their watches. In 1937, with Nazism on the rise, the ten Boom family watch shop was celebrating its 100th year anniversary.
Corrie lived with her family in the strangely-built Dutch house above the watch shop, which was originally two separate houses later connected by a staircase. She describes the home in detail, as it would become the main setting of The Hiding Place. This was the side door that the family used, mentioned often in the book.
The ten Boom family themselves were not Jewish; they were Christian. However because of their deep religious faith and love for God, they wanted to do whatever they could to help their Jewish friends in any way possible. In a turn of events they would never imagine, their small home and humble watch shop soon became the center for a major anti-Nazi operation, and Corrie, who thought of herself as a middle-aged spinster, started a black market ring, gathering and distributing stolen ration cards, helping Jews escape, and eventually hiding Jews in her own home. A wooden triangular Alpina sign, like this one, was used as a signal to all she was working with that it was safe to enter the house.
Corrie’s main effort was to help Jews escape. She would find families who were willing to take Jews in and hide them, or who could transport them further to safety. When she came across someone who no one else would take, like the man who “looked too Jewish” for anyone to take in, or the woman with a loud whooping cough who was too difficult to hide, Corrie started hiding Jews in her own home. She would eventually hide six people in her home. This was their living room, overlooking the main street.
A copy of You Are My Hiding Place rests at the family piano.
The Jews in Corrie’s home did not actually live in hiding — they lived, slept, and ate in the main part of the house with everyone else. An expert architect Corrie met through her work with the Dutch underground constructed a secret hiding place in Corrie’s bedroom where the Jews could run and hide should they ever be raided. The hiding place was just big enough for the six adults to stand in silence with their back against the wall.
The hole in the wall was added after the war, to show visitors the Hiding Place once the home was turned into a museum. The hole is where the headboard of Corrie’s bed once stood. The secret entrance to the hiding place is in the bottom of Corrie’s closet.
The Jews would crawl into the hiding place from the bottom of the small closet. They practiced daily for the inevitable raid. An alarm system was rigged up, and they held unannounced drills every day, even during the middle of the night. With the push of a small, out-of-the-way button, a very quiet buzz would go off — it couldn’t be too loud for fear the very close neighbors or police would hear. Their goal was to get themselves, and ALL of their belongings into the hiding place in 60 seconds. Not only did they have to run up a very tight spiral staircase and dive into a tiny crawlspace, they had to stop whatever they were doing, gather all of their clothes, toiletries, and belongings, strip the beds, grab the sheets and carry everything upstairs and into the hiding place. There were only supposed to be three people living in house: Corrie, her father, and her sister. In reality, there were NINE people living in the house. They had to make it look like there were only three, in some cases emptying the trash and putting away dishes if the raid occurred during the middle of meal, as they often did, in 60 seconds. With their daily drills and practice, they were able to get it down to 70 seconds.
Eventually the family was betrayed, and the family was arrested and taken to prison. Corrie’s elderly father died in prison 10 days later, and Corrie and her sister Betsie were taken to the concentration camp at Ravensbruck, where Betsie later died. Corrie eventually escaped from Ravensbruck, and lived to be 91. But all six of those hiding in Corrie’s secret room were saved — they were never found.
We were allowed to stand in the hiding place with our backs against the wall, just as the Jews did in when they were raided in 1944. The ten Booms were betrayed — the Nazi’s knew they were hiding Jews. They searched the house top to bottom for a secret room for two straight days, banging on walls and ripping off wallpaper and were never able to find it. As we stood in the dark, shallow hiding place, our guide knocked and scratched on the walls, asking us to imagine we were hiding for our lives, knowing the Nazis were just inches away.
Do you see the small button under the Ten Boom Jewelers sign? That’s the button that would sound the alarm, and it is still working to this day. Our tour guide pressed it for us to hear. The blue door is the entrance to the watch shop.
We were able to see the entire house, the rooms where the family and Jews lived.
This was their original hiding place, before the secret room was constructed. Here the ten Boom family hid their other contraband items like their fine china, silver, and radio. It was the first place the Nazis looked when they raided the house.
The room has been set up as a museum of the ten Boom family’s life and efforts.
A map of the concentration camps in Europe, with the number of how many people died there in red.
Corrie’s suitcase that she used after she escaped Ravensbruck.
The family radio that was used and owned illegally during the war.
A view down the hallway.
The wooden triangular Alpina sign the family used as an “all clear” sign, sitting in the window of the dining room. During the raid, the original sign was knocked off the sill and broken.
When you enter the side door, the dining room is on the left. Behind me is the entrance to the watch shop and the alarm button. There’s a staircase by the alarm leading to the living room overlooking the main street, and up one more flight of stairs is Corrie’s bedroom and the hiding place.
Another view of the dining room, where the family ate every day.
A close up of some of Corrie’s embroidery.
I am so incredibly grateful to have had this opportunity, to see the setting where a book that meant so much to me took place. I will treasure it always. The entire story of Corrie’s experience can be read in The Hiding Place.
Thank you so much for looking. I’m so grateful for you all.
I am reading this book with my 7th grade daughter and her friend this month. We are at the point where Corrie is making radios. The girls are just loving it and are amazed at the faith and strength these people had.
My hope is that they remember how Corrie and her family pulled on their faith to help them through this horrible part of life.
I will show them these pictures today. I am sure they will love it. They have already told me they want to go visit, but that is most likely not going to happen, so this will have to be their experience . Thank you for the great pictures!
I hope you enjoy the pictures! It really is an amazing book!
My 7th grade son is currently reading this book for one of his classes. I’m reading it with him and will definitely share this post with him! He will love seeing the pictures. I hope to visit the house someday in person, it’s an amazing story!
I hope you can visit it one day too! It’s really an amazing experience!!
This was a treasure to see the ten Boom home. Corrie and her sister, Betsy and father are such heroes of the Christian faith! Thank you for sharing these wonderful pictures!
You said a couple of times that she “escaped” Ravensbruck. But I recall in her book she was summoned into the office and released from the concentration camp. She went into great detail about making her way back home and later learning that she had mistakenly been released. I found this to be a great testimony of God’s mercy and plan for Corrie’s life to be used for His glory. She appeared many times with Billy Graham at his crusades where she testified of Jesus and His love. I think your pictures and comments were very interesting, but just wanted to make clarity about this one dynamic detail to her story. And what an incredible story it is!
Thank you for sharing this commentary and photo selection from your visit to Corrie ten Boom’s house. We must not forget!
This is incredible! I read The Hiding Place several months ago and was deeply impacted by it. I had no idea that their home was still there and that it’s been left intact! It was emotional to read your descriptions and see the photos of all these rooms and items that she describes in so much detail! This is definitely going on my bucket list! What an awesome experience to see a piece of history about someone who love and served God in the most difficult circumstances! Being in that secret room must have been incredibly moving! Thanks so much for sharing.
I still have THAT (design) tablecloth, right here, on my table. My parents ensured that we brought it with us, when we migrated to Australia, in 1956!!!
I hope that I have not written this here, before. I was born in the Netherlands (Gouda, Zuid Holland) in 1943. Just in time for the “Hunger Winter”, when the German occupiers , starved the Dutch. Fortunately, my father worked for an owner of a mirror factory, who was (secretly) part of the resistance, and to keep my father working there he got my father a false “Aussweis” (spelling). During the war, every so often, a boy would come to my father’s workplace to warn that a German officer would be inspecting the factory where they were pretending to manufacture items for the Germans. My father would ride his bike over there and walk around looking ‘busy’, until the inspection was over. Not only was my father a great ‘glass-cutter’ but also a good ‘people-manager’. And his boss was extrekeen to keep him! Here, in Sydney, when we first migrated here, in the 50’s, sharing the stories about WWII was ‘top of the list’. Many Dutch had migrated fearing a WWIII!
On a “sister trip” that my two sisters and I went on a number of years ago, we were able to visit and tour the ten Boom home/museum. Interestingly, a few months prior to our trip I was eating dinner in O’Hare’s food court and was joined by another traveler from the Netherlands. When I heard she was from Haarlem, I immediately asked about Corrie ten Boom. Although not knowledgeable about Corrie’s story, she knew where the watch shop was. We exchanged contact info, and as the date of our “sister trip” approached my new Dutch acquaintance and I made plans for her to meet my sisters and me at the train station in Haarlam, share breakfast and then have her walk us to our destination. What a “coincidence”! Our visit to Corrie’s home/museum was an experience none of us will ever forget and blessed us all greatly. I thought it was interesting that the individual who had taken on the responsibility of opening and sharing Corrie’s home with visitors was himself a Jew, grateful of all that the ten Booms did for the Jews of Haarlem.
I just finished reading The Hiding Place (for the second time – the first was MANY years ago in high school). And I had to google to see if I could find pictures of her house so that I could envision it much better. Thank you so much for this post and your clear descriptions and pictures. It’s my wish to visit this home some day, but in the mean time it was nice to view it through your blog. Thank you!
Your pictures bring such LIFE to ‘The Hiding Place’ for both my children and I. Thank you!!
Hi, My daughter and I totally took your advice. !! We just got back from Amsterdam (and Scotland) a few weeks ago. The Corrie Ten Boom was one of our favorite stops. ( we would have never even heard of it if it weren’t for you) I bought the book but have not finished it yet. I was so impressed when the guide told us the bricklayer did 300 other homes this way Just amazing. We also went to the tea shop. It was great. Thanks for sharing.
Living in Europe for 15 years now, I continue to be surprised at how few Europeans, especially the Dutch, know nothing of this family. I have a lot of Dutch friends, some of whom live in Haarlem… same thing. Sad, too. A revitalized faith is something sorely needed here. Thx for sharing.
Thank you for taking the time to share. What a tribute to Corrie’s amazing story!
Thank you so much for sharing these pictures! I really enjoyed being able to put a picture to the story. My mom introduced me to The Hiding Place, and it’s one of our favorite books. I’ll be sharing this post with her!
I’m having surgery soon that is going to require a lot of downtime . Perfect timing!
Thanks so much Amanda! Your my favorite blogger!
Thank you so much for sharing this!!!!!
Wow! What an amazing post…I felt like I was there with you. You have a way with words that just invites the reader in. Thank you!
This is so awesome!! I read that book as a child and remember going to the movie when it was in theaters (many years ago)! How wonderful that you get to see things like this first hand. What a trip!!
What a wonderful description of your visit! Thank you so much! Many of us may never get the opportunity to visit the ten Boom house but I feel like I just took a quick trip there. Wonderful and gave me chills. The horrors that they endured and the bravery of so many families just astounds me.
Your post inspired me to download and read the book–what an amazing and inspirational story. Your pictures are fabulous–thanks for introducing me to Corrie ten Boom!
This book was also instrumental in my young life as a Christian. Thank you for bringing it into focus again with all of your wonderful photos.
Thank you so much for sharing all these wonderful photos and descriptions! After reading a previous post on your blog about the book, I read it. Thank you again!
You are SO lucky to have the chance to visit the ten Boom home! My Mom had the book when I was younger and she could never understand why I read it over and over. Corrie ten Boom’s story is one of my favorites and I thank you for sharing your experience in her home. You made me cry, as I remembered everything you wrote about.
Amanda, I cannot tell you how much I loved this post. Corrie’s story is one that I never tire of hearing about. It had me intrigued at a very young age, and now I see our own daughter doing the same. To walk through that house. To stand in that hidden wall. What an incredible experience you had. And you shared it absolutely beautifully. Thank you!
Beautiful post. Now I need to search for her books :) Thanks for sharing!
I would love to be able to visit Corrie’s house! Thank you SO MUCH for sharing. I just love it so much.
Thank you Amanda for the beautiful photography and showing us this house. I read this book when I was a teenager and I remember crying while reading it and not being able to put it down like staying up until 4:00 in the morning reading. Anyhow, I appreciate you sharing this post so much! What kind of camera were you using to get such great indoor photos. Did you use flash? I saw that it said DCX something and I’m not familiar with that type of camera.
What an incredible place to visit. Loved your photos!
I loved this post. Thanks so much for sharing the photos and history behind Corrie ten Boom. I’ve never heard of her before but will definitely read The Hiding Place now.
Amanda – These pics mean so much to actually see where this story took place. I love all her books but always felt God was unfair to let her suffer at the end od her life until I read the book by the nurse who took care of her until her death.
Then I understood His plan, It seems no one left her presence, even though Corrie was unable to utter a word, that didn’t go away blessed. Even Billy Graham.
This might be my favorite post you’ve ever written! The imagines flood my heart with thankfulness and remind me that travel is more than just fun… it inspires personal reflection and growth. I’ll have to show your post to Ava (11) she just read this!
Hi Amanda. Thank you for sharing photos from the ten Boom family’s life story; a glimpse some of us only hope to see. I too have read her books and was astonished by all that went on at that time in history.
With all the incredible posts over the years and all the adventures you have taken us on, this one has the most meaning. This one has had the most lasting impact.
I have been to Corrie’s house, too. It was an honor, as you said, to have seen her home. Her story is a testament to her faith in God. It is an amazingly tragic story, but one of glorious faith in God. Thanks for posting all your pictures and the descriptions. Did you also visit the Anne Frank house in Amsterdam? That place was also an honor to visit.
Thanks for posting this. I love traveling through you!
I have read the book several times but had never imagined what the house really looked like. Thanks so much for sharing your experience with us.
Beautiful post, Amanda! Thanks so much for sharing this detailed and up-close tour of Corrie ten Boom’s home. I read the book years (decades!) ago. What a moving experience it must have been to be right there inside the house, shop and hiding place! Your photos and descriptions bring the book so clearly back to mind. This was a very special read to start the week. Thanks, again.
Thank you for sharing your experience and photos! I’ve heard Corrie ten Boom’s story of forgiving a former Nazi guard later in her life several times at church. I’m definitely going to read the book and then reference back to your post. Thanks for helping me remember an amazing person today.
Amanda, What an awesome post!! I read the book as a young person and it really moved me! I’m sure being able to experience it firsthand was almost overwhelming! Thanks for sharing!
Thank you so much! I loved the book (read & reread) and the movie. This was just incredible to visit the actual house. I can imagine the chills and tears you got throughout your tour. I got them just reading your post and looking at the photos! I don’t think I will ever get to Holland, so I am so grateful for you seeing it and recording it for us! God bless you Amanda!
I wish I could send you a hug. I always enjoy your posts but this one meant so very much to me. I read the Hiding Place when I was in the 5th grade and Corrie ten Boom has become one of my life-long heroes. I have read many of Corrie’s books, listened to her videos and watched plays highlighting her life, but I’ve never had the opportunity to visit her house. Thank you SO much for sharing this special place with such detail and thoughtfulness.
You did an amazing job showing and explaining this!! I had never even heard about this family, and now I’m very intrigued to get the book!
What an amazing experience you had!!
Thank you so much for your post. I learned and read about The Hiding Place when I was a kid. It would be so amazing to visit there. That’s so awesome that you spent so much time exploring. I’m sure it was very sobering to experience.
Hi Amanda, thanks so much for some beautiful historical photos, but more so, for such an informative post! I am not familiar with the story of the ten Boom’s or of “The Hiding Place,” but now I think it needs to get added to our book club list. Thanks for the eye opening read!
THANK YOU!! I loved The Hiding Place as well and I’m thrilled to be able to see the house through your lens. Thank you so much for sharing.
Amanda…thank you so much for sharing this amazing story. It’s such a story of putting others before ourselves and one we all need so badly to hear again. What lengths would we go through to aid and protect others?
When I was in college I had the opportunity to hear Miss Ten Boom speak several times. There are so many phrases of hers that come to mind and I can hear them in her beautiful and heavily accented voice. She really is a hero of faith.
Looking forward to more interesting stops on your visits abroad. You are one blessed gal to have these opportunities.
P.S. Did you visit Droste’ while you were in Haarlam? My favorite cocoa. I even collect the antique cocoa tins.
Amanda, thanks so much for sharing this. I pictured the house to be a lot smaller. I love having a visual now.
I agree with Jenni— this was a beautiful start to my Monday morning. I have always been a fan of Corrie ten Boom and loved getting to see your pictures and read about how it looks and feels in her home. Amazing heroes they were. Thanks for sharing their story Amanda.
wow. what a touching and beautiful way to start my early monday morning. this was an amazing post. i sat here weeping and groaning inside over all the sadness of this. all the heroic and courageous actions of this wonderful and good god-fearing family. they never thought of themselves as heroic or courageous…..just doing what god would want them to do. i am grateful their home has been preserved and this devastating part of history also preserved so that generations can learn not only the horror of such a time, but that there are always heroes in the midst of cataclysm. thank you.
My church went to see the movie when I was about 10 years old. It definitely made an impact on my life. I have never forgotten her story. I’ve never read the book. I need to do that. On another note, we’re leaving Thursday for a trip to London and Scotland. Your reviews have help me tremendously on planning our trip. Your explanation on how to use Google maps to mark spots you want to visit has helped also. F our next big trip we are planning a river cruise and what pops up in my email last week??? You’re on a river cruise!! I was so excited when I saw it!! Can’t wait read all the details about that! Thanks for sharing Amanda.
Amanda, thanks for this wonderful post. The name Corrie Ten Boom caught my attention as I have heard it referenced amongst many Christians but, I had no idea of the powerful story behind the name. I am definitely going to read her book The Hiding Place. Thank you so much for sharing your experience with us.
Just ordered the 35th anniversary edition. Thanks for the recommendation and safe travels!
Wow, what an amazing story and so brave of the family to do! Thanks for sharing!
Amazing story & photos! I am definitely going to read this book now. Thank you so much for sharing your travel experiences, you are hands-down my favorite blogger!!
What a fantastic post about Corrie ten Boom’s house. I also have read her books and was similarly touched by her story. How exciting for you to see her home and the actual Hiding Place! Thanks for the great photography (as always). I don’t think I will ever get there myself (I’m in Australia), but from your post I feel like I’ve been able to see Corrie’s home and it’s exactly as she described in her books and how I imagined it to look as I read her story. Thank you! | 2019-04-21T11:28:28Z | https://www.kevinandamanda.com/corrie-ten-boom-house/ |
Bridgwater Town FC | We Know How To Score and Kick Where It Counts!
When it comes to the world of football gambling nothing is stable. Maybe now your team is winning and the next you lose. You should accept the fact that, that’s how things work in sports and in gambling. Aside from that, similar in real life, gambling has certain dos and don’ts better has to follow to make sure that they are tracking the right path to winning the jackpot.
Here are some of the Dos and Don’ts in football gambling that can be applied to other gambling activities as well.
Before making any bets you have to do your part and make some research because that is one of the most important aspects when it comes to football betting. If you can observe most gamblers just go and bet without going through practice and think if the bet they made is profitable. As you do some researchers do not easily fall for people who give tips and when you ask them why they hesitate to answer for a length of time.
That is a clear sign that they do not put any research on their tips.
As a better, do not be afraid to open numerous betting accounts. By having several accounts, you are able to jump between each account to ensure that you have a higher chance of winning. Do not be like other betters that spend their lives as gambler sticking to one bookmaker.
If you don’t believe me, go on and observe professional gamblers, they have 2 or more accounts because they are aware that having numerous accounts allows them to gamble at different sites all at the same time.
For most gamblers, betting on sportsbook is a recreational activity that turns into hubby. If this is the case, you don’t have to think much about the income or if you’ll win or lose. The important thing is having a great time and enjoying the football much you are waiting for.
If you want to succeed as a gambler or sports better, you should accept the fact that not all your bets will win. Believe it or not, not all professionals achieve 60% of their investments. This is a warning that you should not make a bet and break your bank right away just because you are feeling lucky.
In placing your bets, you have to remember this important reminder. You should place your bet early in the week so that you can get better odds. But, do not assume that it can work on all games and sports book.
Good betters are very patient people. They succeed in the industry of sportsbook and online gambling because they are very calm and level-headed. They do not let the people around them get on their nerves as they make a bet. You should have that kind of attitude if you want your career to lasts.
Now that you are aware of some of the Dos and Don’ts in gambling, we are hoping that i8t can make you a better gambler.
Are you tired of losing every time you place a bet on a football team? If you are sick and tired of this never-ending lose on your part, we have the answer that can change your faith in football gambling. We offer you betting tips that are found to be effective and useful by millions of football better.
But, first, you should know what Football is.
If you want to make a bet on football, you should know everything about the market. Like the saying, you cannot take a dip in the water without trying out the water. In football gambling, you cannot just make a bet without studying how the system works. By doing so, you can better understand how you’ll win football bets every time.
This is said to be the most important aspect of football gambling and is often neglected by gamblers. As a gambler, you should learn how to control yourself as you make a bet. The key to your success is that you should not bet more than you can afford to lose. It is common for gamblers to bet 3-5% of their bankroll, increase the amount as they win and reduce whenever they lose. Before making, make sure to have a stable money management plot.
As you go on with football gambling, you’ll eventually know that it’s easier to win if you bet on the underdog. Although most gamblers prefer to bet on the better team as they are likely to win the game and the underdogs are slightly neglected. But, the truth is big underdogs oven finds ways to win the game and they would never give-up towards the end even if they are in front of the home crowd.
As you bet on an underdog, it is best and recommended that you should place your bets in as late as possible, where the heavy action is taking place. If you prefer to bet with the crowd favorite, you should place your bet early in the week where the so-called sharps are laying huge amount of money with the points.
Making those exotic bets are only ideal for very skilled gamblers with a proven track record but in your case, the best bet is by betting the point spread or under totals of the individual game.
They are reasons for why casinos supply drinks as players make bets. With the influence of alcohol, it would be hard on your part to make sudden judgments and you’ll make rash decisions you are not used to making. If you want to succeed and bring home the jackpot, you have set aside drinking and gamble with a clear mind.
With the tips stated above, you can ensure that your career as a successful sport better is possible. Happy betting!
The game of football is very popular in fact; this sport is being played on every corner of the world. Aside from being a well-known game, it has become more popular due to its betting system. It is not a secret the majority of people love watching the game and earn money from it. Believe it or not, football wagering has started along with the game.
Who makes a bet in football?
Practically speaking, most of the people who made a bet and love football are the fans. They literally know the game by heart. They know how the system work that’s why they have a greater chance of winning. Aside from the fan, numerous professionals bet on the game as they first learn about the game and how the system works. From then on these professionals have become a money-making-machine in the realm of football gambling and are considered experts. But, it does not mean that a newbie like you cannot win a football sports gambling.
The first thing you should do is to gather information about the game and then master the betting system. You have a lot of sources to use when it comes to getting information so, it does not matter if you’re new to the game. Your largest source of information is the internet. It offers great articles like this that tackle both about gambling and football at the same time.
Football is played between two opposing teams and the match takes place on a designated field. If you’ll observe, the field has goalposts on both ends. These goals are designed for kick football in and to score a goal. When it comes to objectives, both teams need to score a numerous goal as they can by simply following the horizontal lines that are marked on the field. The profit in football is always based on the number of goals being scored.
As a newbie, you should know that in sports betting you have various types of bets to choose from such as, you can bet on the total score of the game, individual teams, on the result of the game and some make a bet on the difference of the team and score.
As a better, you should be aware of the reputation of the team you’ll be placing your bet. In the world of football, they are probabilities wherein the team will lose and the other will win. But, this depends on the team and their players. To ensure that you are making the right choice, you should do your homework and have all the information you’ll need. This will guarantee your chance of winning the bet.
What are you waiting for? Bet now and start your career as a newbie football gambler.
The 2018 World Cup is entering the first critical stage as far as elimination is concerned as we start the final round of group games. Group A will kick things off on Monday afternoon as Uruguay and Russia meet to decide who will top Group A.
Both teams have secured qualification to the Round of 16 and will face the winners and runners-up of Group B. With the strong possibility of meeting Spain or Portugal, winning the group may not be as important as first thought but the confidence gained from another win cannot be underestimated.
Uruguay come into this match having won their second game of the group 1-0 against Saudi Arabia. It was not a convincing performance from the South American nation, who were expected to defeat the Saudi team with ease.
However, they got the job done it was their second 1-0 win of the tournament having defeated Egypt by the same scoreline in their opening Group A match. Neither win was particularly impressive but Uruguay are clearly placing the emphasis on their defence and keeping clean sheets.
Another clean sheet in this game could be enough to see them clinch maximum points and win the group.
Russia started the 2018 World Cup under huge pressure and not much was expected from the hosts. However, a stunning 5-0 win over Saudi Arabia in the first game of the tournament was the ideal start and got the fans and media back on side.
It was just what the Russian team required and they went into their second game knowing a win would be good enough to see them through. Having failed to open the scoring in the first half, the floodgates opened after the break and Russia scored 3 goals to win the match 3-1.
This match against Uruguay will be their toughest to date and it will be interesting to see how they cope.
Uruguay have no injury or suspension concerns ahead of this game. The defence and attack pick themselves so the only possible place for changes is in the midfield but Oscar Tabarez seems set on his starting XI.
Russia are still without Alan Dzagoev who picked up a hamstring injury against Saudi Arabia in the first match of the tournament. They are unlikely to make any changes from the team which started against Egypt.
Russia have been the more impressive of the two teams so far but Uruguay will be their biggest test of the tournament to date. The South American’s have the quality in attack and defence to win this game and are priced at 6/4 with Ladbrokes.
If Uruguay are to come out on top, it’s sure to be through another battling display, with a strong defensive unit. Uruguay to win 1-0 is 9/2 with William Hill.
Luis Suarez got off the mark in the match against Egypt which leaves Edinson Cavani as the striker still looking for his first goal of the tournament. Cavani to score the first goal of the game is 7/2 at Ladbrokes. More odds you can find under this best betting odds comparison. The best mobile betting sites find here.
Football as a sport is considered as the most popular game on earth. Once the football season has started it can draw in billions of audience on TV and on the actual field. Being a well-known sport around the globe, the majority of fans are adding flavor to their lives by putting their football competence to the test through football gambling.
Are you a football fan? So, you are aware that sports betting and football is the perfect combo. If you haven’t tried it before, let me tell you that you are missing something in your life as a football fan. Don’t worry, although sports gambling are mostly about the money, it allows you to inflict enjoyment on your normal football matches.
Besides, you no longer have to expose yourself in football sports betting as online wagering is available. You can make a bet in the comfort of your home. The great part is, online sportsbook are using substantial Bong88 from the world’s well-known leagues.
Open to the public, you are able to establish your very own account within minutes which provides an immediate access to the wagering market.
For newbies like you, you are only aware that sports betting are taking place in football and you’ll be surprised to know that they are different kinds of bets you can get yourself into through online wagering.
This is known as the most basic type of football betting. In this type, the wagering slip will bring the name of one group under “away” and another under “house”. If you choose this type of bets, what you’ll do is make a bet on a handicap bet which provides a one group one objective benefit which is prior to the video game.
This type explains a lot of your wagering choices. The most basic bet is anticipating the last rate of the match which is able to bring in really high chances. Another very popular wagering choice includes who will score an objective. These bets are really great because they can bring high chances and are available on numerous range consistency of the first objective scorer, last and the anytime objective scorer.
Football video games offer vast choice and extra wagering chances. This has been possible as online sportsbook uses their video game specials. Although every element of the video game brings in chances, this type of bet can give you greater chances of winning.
What are you waiting for? Heighten every football experience and be the happiest and thrilled fan you can ever be.
What is your favorite sport? Let me guess; are you a huge fan of football? The majority of Americans are excited about the match awaited football season. But, the crowds are not just excited and anxious for the game. They are actually looking forward to sports betting.
Believe it or not, gambling plays a great part in a sports event. It is accountable for the 40% income when it comes to perimeter sales on Football leagues. Although gambling is considered illegal in some state, the sports betting industry was able to maintain in the shadow and it has never been bigger.
How does gambling become part of football?
It is said that gambling is the first one to be attracted to football as it offers two great benefits. First, gambling can make any brand famous and the second; it has the power in making brands credible. These are a huge factor especially now that the market has 200 and more brands. But, gambling does not start just recently.
Gambling is already a part of the history of football. Over the last 10 years, gambling has already reached 70% of bets in place. Although gambling is not really attracted to the game itself but to the avid fans of football as they become the sports betting industries best customers.
As years passed by, modern technology made its way to gambling, from the traditional way of sports betting the digital revolution takes place, which is the key to sports betting major success. It made sports betting a lot easier than before and now more sites and brands are making their way in the industry.
Will sports betting end? I don’t think so. As long as football sports betting companies are making an emotional connection within themselves and the sports they are sponsoring are loved by fans and are avid consumers of their products, the football sports betting industry will not end soon but it will continue to flourish as football is the favorite game of the majority.
If you are into football and gambling as well, do not worry because your too favorites will not disappear, as long as many people are enjoying it and the gambling companies are gaining profits from you, they will continue to take your bets. It’s your call when it comes to the matter of stopping yourself and taking a break from betting.
I don’t think that it’s hard because they are numerous football fans are able to enjoy the game without making any bets, just pure sports. If they can do it, you can do it as well.
What made you choose football over other sports out there? Are you really sure that you want to become a professional football player? If so, how much are you willing to give for you to become successful?
Many people say that football is a 50-50 game – 50% mental and 50% physical game. You can train all you want and get the perfect figure you’ve been dreaming by going to the gym regularly and attending trainings. However, you can never be a successful football player if you don’t use your body and mind wisely.
You may discover some tricks that are worthy to keep up your sleeves but it won’t do without proper planning and execution. Don’t put your talent into waste and learn the top things that every professional football player should know.
Keen football fans know a great football player on the field when they see one. Surely, there are lots of football players out there but only some stand out and that’s where you should start. What do those great football players have that others don’t or need improvement? You may have the talent and the skills, but do you have the needed dedication and passion to stay in the game?
Becoming a great football player doesn’t happen in an instant. You might get carried away at the peak of your career but never lose your anchor and reason why you chose to play football. Keep the fire burning inside you and enjoy every single game you play.
Every football and athlete should wear confidence like their banners. If you know to yourself that you’ve got what it takes to be a pro then show it. You among others should be the first one to believe in yourself. Let your confidence show through your body language, optimism, and preparedness. Use the “no fear approach” and face every challenge ahead of you.
Getting fit is a necessity since football is full of actions that require speed, leaps, core strength, and a lot of leg power. A huge bodybuilder’s body may not be required to ensure you can run and leap into different directions in split seconds but you need great muscle strength.
Powering up your body for the training and game requires a lot of fuel so be sure to pick the right one. Take diet seriously and you’ll never have a problem fainting or running aimlessly on the field. Real football players don’t mess up their diet!
Even professionals need a break so know the rules and stick to it. It’s time to embrace ice baths, protein shakes and exercises to prevent fatal injuries.
With all the stress and requirements to become a professional football player, it’s fine to take a break sometimes and relax. Take a little pampering to recover your strength, and get the right amount of rest. Work hard, play hard, but never forget to have fun on your journey to success!
Are you throwing a party in your place and watch a football game with tons of real football fans without so much knowledge about the game? If you are worried about getting embarrassed if everyone in the part discovered that you are a newbie, don’t fret now because Bridgwater Town FC got your back.
Being a newbie or perhaps a seasonal football fan is totally fine as long as you know some smooth tricks that will save you all throughout the event. For real football fans, the football season is one of the most awaited seasons where nachos, beers, crazy clothes, and losing your voice after cheering from beginning up to the end of the game are normal. But for those who are not born to be a loyal football fan, it can take some effort and adjustment to fit it.
Well, you don’t really have to go all-out just to look genuine, you can just stick to these tips below and they will surely have a hard time figuring out that you’re just faking it!
Every fan has a favorite team so the first thing that you should remember is a team that you would support. Once you’ve selected a team, memorize the name of its players especially the key players and study them. Pretend that you know what you’re talking about by talking about the wide receivers, quarterback, and kickers as a start.
If you don’t like wearing Uggs like Tom Brady, that’s fine but dressing like one of your “favorite” team never gets old. You can buy a jersey or any team-branded shirt that you can show off or wear a shirt with the same color of your team at the very least.
Shouting famous phrases about football is what fans do to show how much they know of the game. Stay cool and drop comments with caution if you are not sure what to say and don’t want to get raised eyebrows.
Shouting fans is NORMAL when watching football games so it’s fine to chime in once in a while. Besides, it seems like all people do is jump on their sits and shout so go with the classic lines like such as “What was that?!”,”Is anyone on defense out there?!”, and “Why?!”.
No matter how much you want to fit in within a short period of preparation, never overdo you act. If you get too emotional or stand out as the most animated fan in the room, people will find you a little bit suspicious until they know that you’re faking it. Stay between the not so interested house guest and an avid fan as a rule to avoid suspicions.
Have you jotted everything already? Remember to keep it cool and you’ll make everyone believe that you’re a “genuine” football fan without a sweat. Keep this checklist up your sleeves and you’ll be alright.
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Are you looking for add-ons to your new diet plan? Well, taking note of your daily intake of food is indeed very important not only because food is a necessity but because an athletes’ body requires more discipline. Football is a kind of sport that demands a lot of energy and physical strength. If you think you’ve got what it takes to become a fit football player, you must ensure that your low-fat diet is followed properly at all times.
Save the cheat day for the awarding night and stick to your diet plan like a disciplined athlete you are. In addition to your healthy diet, preparing a supplement plan is also important. This way, your body will be able to perform accordingly on your regular workouts and games. Below are the some of the top supplements that every football player and athlete should know.
With regular training and games, your body is guaranteed to experience a lot of beating and fish oil is an excellent food supplement to take care of your body. 3 grams of fish oil a day helps your body get rid of swelling, inflammation, and injuries. It also serves as a lubricant to avoid wear and tear on your joints which makes it a perfect aid during a hard training.
Generally, multi-vitamins is a great choice to ensure that everything is covered to keep your health in check. Taking multi-vitamins will help you ensure you ever part of your routine is accomplished at your best health.
Believe it or not, a lot of people have a shortage of vitamin D3 because of the lack of exposure to the sun and modernized diet. If you are one of them, be sure to take 3,000IU daily with a supplement.
Everyone needs a little lift every now and then which caffeine can do without a doubt. If you want a pre-workout nutrition that has a kick then a 50-200mg of tea or coffee will do the trick. However, avoid caffeine after 4 pm to ensure an undisturbed sleep.
Plain whey protein minus the expensive brand will give you the same result. It is very convenient and easy to access when doing your post-workout or making healthy smoothies. If you prefer smoothies after a workout, be sure to make a blend of carbs and protein to recover fast.
Proven and tested as an essential supplement among athletes and bodybuilders, Creatine can easily improve your muscle gain and strength. But be sure to consult your trainer and doctor first before trying this.
Also known as Magnesium and Zinc, this supplement is commonly used and depleted during hard training. Most people prefer taking this before bed or before training to prepare their muscles in optimal level with faster recovery, and a deeper sleep.
If you are working hard and you think that you’re still stuck on your level of strength and muscles gain, consult your doctor and take the right supplements from this list. Taking pride in working hard is great but it won’t make it any less if you take a little help from supplements under a health professional’s supervision.
Following your daily diet and training is one thing, and perfecting it is another thing. As an athlete or a fan who want to have the same built and strength as a football player, improvement should always have a space on your routines. However, considering that you spend so much time on training and gym, this comes smoothly compared to the amount of time you need to restore your strength and heal any injury.
One way to improve the amount of time you need to regain your strength and get well is to improve your strength and muscles. If you want to keep alive and kicking in the field, you need a lot of strength and muscles to handle it. That’s why we have here a list of tricks that you can use to accomplish that goal.
Protein plays a big role in our daily diet especially to athletes in order to help their muscles grow continuously. Depending on your weight, the maximum amount of protein you need to consume for every meal is 150 to 240g. So, you need 4 to 6 servings of protein daily to increase your muscle mass.
Eating right and consuming enough calories a day is vital to ensure your muscles’ growth and strength to perform at your best. You can eat extra 500 to 1000 calories a day subject to your needed exercise a day or follow the recommended diet and intake of calories a day from our previous post. Always know the right food and amount to take whenever you need it to boost your calories.
Knowing the cycle of your carbohydrate will help you maximize your capacity to recover while keeping your overall health in check. Though carbohydrate is important for your training and muscle building, it also varies on everyone. The best trick is to find out your “sweet spot” or right formula a day.
If you are getting a hard time to get the right trim of muscles and weight no matter how hard you train, a professional help might solve your problem. Consulting the professionals might identify if you have issues that are rooted in your hormone level or poor gut. Get tested and take care of your health wisely.
Since your intake of calories is vital, finding an alternative to achieve your fitness goal can go as far as drinking healthy smoothies that are rich in protein. In fact, this is a great addition to your snack and post workout diet plan.
If you are really dedicated to developing your strength and muscles, you have to make it double to maintain it. Thus, be sure to train hard when needed without forgetting your limits.
To get the most out of your training sessions, keep a record of your daily progress. Moreover, learn how to manage the stress as a result of your training and use stimulants when you are required only. Lastly, never choose supplements over nutritious food as your main meal. | 2019-04-25T16:44:18Z | http://www.bridgwatertownfc1984.co.uk/?id=8 |
The 2011 Indian Grand Prix, formally the 2011 Formula 1 Airtel Grand Prix of India, was a Formula One motor race that was held on 30 October 2011 at the Buddh International Circuit in Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India. It was the seventeenth round of the 2011 Formula One season and the first Formula One Grand Prix to take place in South Asia and first to take place in India.
The 60-lap race was won by Red Bull Racing's Sebastian Vettel, after leading every lap of the race from pole position and setting the fastest lap of the race to claim his first Grand Chelem. Jenson Button finished in second place for McLaren, and Fernando Alonso completed the podium for Ferrari, in third position.
The circuit, designed by Hermann Tilke in association with teams, was deliberately designed to be one of the fastest on the calendar, with projected lap times of less than one minute and twenty seconds. The circuit was officially homologated on 1 September 2011. At 1060 metres, the circuit's main straight is among the longest in Formula One. The pit lane has also been described in similar terms at over 600 metres in length. Time spent in the pitlane is expected to be an important factor in determining race strategies. The race saw the return of two Drag Reduction System (DRS) zones and two detection points, as was the case at the Italian Grand Prix. The first zone encompassed the length of the pit straight, with the detection point on the exit to the penultimate corner; the second zone took in the second half of the long back straight, with its detection point located just before the apex of the third corner.
Indian driver Narain Karthikeyan returned to HRT for the race, having been replaced by Daniel Ricciardo since Silverstone. Ricciardo was moved to Vitantonio Liuzzi's car for the race, while Karthikeyan took Ricciardo's regular car, the car he started the season in. Fellow Indian driver Karun Chandhok had received support from Team Lotus team principal Tony Fernandes to take part in the race, though he conceded that the ultimate decision did not rest with him. On the Tuesday before the race, it was announced that Chandhok would not be racing in the Grand Prix, but would still run during Friday free practice.
Upon arrival at the circuit, teams reported several issues with construction, including power outages, some infrastructure being "incomplete", and a colony of bats living in the pit building. Faced with criticism over the morality of hosting a race in a developing nation, Mercedes GP team principal Ross Brawn praised the circuit, describing the decision to host a race in India as "the right one" and pointing out the benefits the sport would bring to the country. Brawn also relayed the positive response to the circuit layout from teams and drivers. Other personalities within the paddock were less complimentary, with commentator Martin Brundle describing the commentary booth as a "cell" with no window and "nowhere near [the] track", while team engineers reported that there was no gas connection available, the plumbing to the paddock was incomplete, and the entire circuit was still being powered by generators and did not have a continuous electricity supply.
Tyre supplier Pirelli brought its yellow-banded soft compound tyre as the "prime" tyre and the silver-banded hard compound as the "option" compound. This was the first and only race of the season where the prime tyre was the less durable than the option.
Like the Canadian, European, Italian races earlier in the year, two DRS (Drag Reduction System) Zones were implemented in the inaugural Indian race. The detection point for the first DRS zone was located at the exit of turn 15 (10m after), while the DRS activation point was 36m after the final turn (turn 16). This meant that the start/finish straight would be utilised for one DRS overtaking zone. The second DRS zone had the activation point 16m before the turn 3 hairpin while the DRS activation zone was 510m after turn 3 which is about halfway down the back straight prior to turn 4.
Vitaly Petrov was given a five-place grid penalty for causing an avoidable collision with Michael Schumacher at the Korean Grand Prix.
The race was Felipe Massa's 150th Grand Prix start.
The first Friday practice session was stopped after just five minutes when a stray dog found its way onto the circuit. The session was red-flagged while the dog was led away, and re-opened within five minutes.
When the session restarted, the two Force India cars, Karun Chandhok's Lotus and the Hispania of Narain Karthikeyan were queued at the end of pit lane, waiting to be the first cars to take to the circuit. Although most drivers prefer to do an "installation lap", pitting at the end of their first lap of the circuit, Chandhok remained out to set the first flying lap time of the circuit. Michael Schumacher and Jenson Button were the early leaders of the session, while Fernando Alonso's car succumbed to a loss of power halfway through the session. The track surface was noticeably dusty, and despite becoming cleaner as the session wore on, the drivers struggled for grip and several ran wide. Jaime Alguersuari fell victim to this lack of grip, spinning into the barriers at the far end of the circuit fifteen minutes before the chequered flag fell. Pastor Maldonado was also forced out when his Cosworth engine exploded. He had narrowly avoided a collision with Chandhok in pit lane moments before, after Chandhok spun when attempting to lay rubber down in the Lotus pit bay so as to allow the team's drivers a faster getaway from the concrete apron. When the session ended, Lewis Hamilton was fastest, half a second ahead of Sebastian Vettel and Mark Webber. Hamilton however, had set his time when yellow flags had been shown in the final sector for Pastor Maldonado's stricken Williams, and was given a three-place grid penalty. Sauber's Sergio Pérez received a three-place penalty for a similar offence.
The second session saw Felipe Massa top the timesheets, 0.088 seconds ahead of Vettel, and 0.224 seconds ahead of teammate Alonso, who had recovered from his mechanical fault in the first session. Several drivers ran off the road, with Turns 6 and 7 proving to be particularly troublesome as Vitaly Petrov, Kamui Kobayashi, Sébastien Buemi and Adrian Sutil all went off there. Pastor Maldoando experienced further trouble when he spun into the gravel at Turn 9, though his car could be retrieved in time for him to complete the session. The session was red-flagged with forty minutes remaining when Jérôme d'Ambrosio crashed at Turn 12; having run wide at Turn 11, he had gone too far onto the slippery kerbing on the inside of Turn 12 and spun when he applied too much power. Although the crash itself was heavy enough to destroy his rear wing and rear suspension, the damage was largely cosmetic. Jaime Alguersuari was suspected of ignoring yellow flags at Turn 9 and was referred to the race stewards, but escaped penalty when the team provided telemetry that demonstrated that he had slowed down.
The third and final practice session saw some of the fastest lap times of the weekend thus far; this was a by-product of dust being cleaned from the circuit and drivers becoming familiar with the circuit layout. Vettel finished fastest, becoming the first person to set a time faster than 1:25.00, and comfortably inside the projected lap times claimed by Pirelli. Button was second, ahead of Mark Webber and Lewis Hamilton. The new front wing of the Ferrari cars attracted significant attention, with commentators observing it to "flutter", rapidly vibrating and sparking off the circuit surface, particularly under braking into Turn 4. This phenomenon attracted the attention of the FIA's technical delegates, and the problem was noticed to have stopped when the team replaced the front wing on Felipe Massa's car.
Adrian Sutil qualified in eighth position for Force India's 'home race'.
Qualifying began with the observation that many of the drivers using the softer option tyres drove a slower flying lap to generate heat into the tyres, before starting a faster flying lap. Vitaly Petrov set the fastest time of the session, while Timo Glock was forced out early with a gearbox problem. Glock failed to set a time within 107% of Petrov, and therefore needed permission to enter the race. Permission was ultimately granted on the basis that Glock had set times through free practice that were well within 107% of the fastest times in those sessions. Jenson Button experienced early troubles when he reported that his car lacked rear grip, and he was sixteenth in the final few minutes of the session, just ahead of Michael Schumacher in seventeenth and Kamui Kobayashi in eighteenth. Both of them had demonstrated lap times faster than that of Button's, placing Button in danger of being eliminated. Button was forced to use a set of option tyres earlier than planned in order to advance to Q2, even though Kobyashi ultimately aborted his final flying lap, meaning Button would have been safe whether he had stayed in the pits or not. Michael Schumacher was impeded on his final lap through Turns 10 and 11 by Narain Karthikeyan, who later received a five-place penalty for the infringement. Kobayashi, Heikki Kovalainen, Jarno Trulli, Daniel Ricciardo, Karthikeyan, Jérôme d'Ambrosio and Timo Glock were all eliminated, although those positions were subject to change once grid penalties were applied.
Fernando Alonso qualified in third position.
The second qualifying period was topped by Sebasitan Vettel, who remained the only driver of the weekend to break the 1:25.000 barrier. Jaime Alguersuari and Vitaly Petrov set identical lap times to the thousandth of a second, with both drivers recording a lap time of 1:26.319, and finishing the session in tenth and eleventh place respectively. Alguersuari advanced to the third and final qualifying period by virtue of having set his lap time before Petrov. Petrov finished the session eleventh, which became sixteenth when his penalty from the Korean Grand Prix was applied. Michael Schumacher qualified twelfth after complaining of a vibration in the rear of the car, ahead of Paul di Resta, Pastor Maldonado, Bruno Senna, Rubens Barrichello, Petrov and Sergio Pérez in seventeenth. Pérez was later moved back to twentieth place, having earned a three-place penalty for ignoring yellow flags in practice, and started the race behind teammate Kobayashi and the Team Lotus cars of Kovalainen and Trulli.
The third and final session saw the top four drivers separated by just one tenth of a second. Vettel set the early pace, ahead of Hamilton, Mark Webber and Fernando Alonso. Having used a set of soft tyres early, Jenson Button elected to do just one flying lap at the end of the session, finishing fifth after Felipe Massa crashed out in front of him and forcing Button to slow down. Massa hit the high kerb on the inside of Turn 8, breaking his suspension and sending him into the wall, damaging his front wing. There was some contention as to whether Button's lap time was legal, as he had set his fastest (and only) lap time while yellow flags were displayed for Massa's crash. Button maintained that he had slowed down as soon as he saw the accident, but that he was following too closely to Massa at the time of the accident to have seen the yellow flags; by the time the marshalls had reacted, Button had already passed the marshall station. The stewards took no action against him. Massa's accident also disrupted the final laps of Webber, Hamilton and Alonso, giving Sebastian Vettel his thirteenth pole position of the season. Hamilton finished second, which became fifth once his penalty was applied. Webber qualified third ahead of Alonso and Button, with Massa sixth and Nico Rosberg seventh, the final driver to have set a lap time. Adrian Sutil would start the race in eighth place, having taken to the circuit to record sector times, but without actually completing a lap. Sébastien Buemi and Jaime Alguersuari were ninth and tenth, making the race the first time all four cars owned by Red Bull had started in the top ten.
After grid penalties had been applied, just seven drivers – Vettel, Massa, Rosbserg, Sutil, Buemi, Alguersuari and Glock – started the race in the positioned they had actually qualified in.
Before the race, a minute's silence was held in memory of IndyCar driver Dan Wheldon and MotoGP rider Marco Simoncelli, who died in motor racing accidents over the previous two weekends. Sebastian Vettel retained the lead from the start, while Jenson Button also had a good start, jumping Fernando Alonso down into turn 1. He then managed to pass Mark Webber on the back straight to be second by the end of the first lap. By comparison, his McLaren teammate Lewis Hamilton dropped down behind Felipe Massa to sixth at the start. Michael Schumacher was another to make a good start, jumping up to eighth, just behind Mercedes teammate Nico Rosberg, having started eleventh. Bruno Senna, having started fourteenth, now rounded out the points-scoring positions in 10th place, behind Adrian Sutil.
Meanwhile, behind the leading pack, carnage ensued. Rubens Barrichello made slight contact with his Williams teammate Pastor Maldonado. The Brazilian then speared sidewards and collected Kamui Kobayashi. As the Sauber driver returned to the track, he hit Timo Glock. Maldonado's car was undamaged, and he continued, while Barrichello pitted for a new front wing and also continued. Kobayashi, meanwhile, pulled off on the back straight, and Glock retired his Virgin two laps later with suspension damage. There was also contact at turn 3, as Narain Karthikeyan hit the back of Jarno Trulli's Lotus, spinning the Italian off the track. Trulli pitted for repairs and continued, but he was slow for the rest of the race.
On lap 9, Jaime Alguersuari successfully completed an overtaking manoeuvre on Senna, with the aid of the DRS, to move into tenth place. The Renault driver was passed just a couple of laps later by Alguersuari's Toro Rosso teammate Sébastien Buemi. Pastor Maldonado suffered a gearbox failure on lap 13 and became the race's third retirement. However, he parked the Williams far enough off the race track to avoid a safety car. The following lap, Alguersuari continued his charge up the field, passing Adrian Sutil's Force India to take ninth place.
The pitstops began for the top ten on lap 17, as Webber, Alonso, Hamilton and Alguersuari all pitted. Alonso emerged behind Michael Schumacher, but was able to quickly pass the Mercedes driver. The following lap, Massa and Rosberg both pitted to restore the positions up front. After the leaders, Vettel and Button, also pitted, the order from before the pitstops was exactly restored, with the exception of Bruno Senna, who was now in tenth having not yet pitted. When he did, Sebastien Buemi had managed to jump in front of Sutil in the pit stops.
Shortly afterwards, the race's major talking point occurred when Lewis Hamilton attempted to pass Felipe Massa in turn five. As had happened already four times before in the 2011 season – in Monaco, Silverstone, Singapore and Suzuka – the two cars collided. Massa continued without damage but was later awarded a drive through penalty for the incident. Hamilton, meanwhile, was forced to return to the pits to change his front wing. On the same lap, Sébastien Buemi retired his Toro Rosso with an engine failure, maintaining the relatively high level of attrition in the race. At the end of that lap, then, Massa remained in fifth place, but Rosberg, Schumacher and Alguersuari were promoted to sixth, seventh and eighth places respectively. Hamilton was now ninth after his adventures, with Sutil promoted to tenth by Buemi's retirement.
When Massa took his drive through penalty, he dropped down behind the two Mercedes cars. Meanwhile, Hamilton passed Alguersuari for eighth, leaving the McLaren and the Ferrari nose to tail once again. However, it was only one lap before Massa suffered a suspension failure, just as he had suffered in qualifying, as he this time broke the left front suspension of his Ferrari on the kerb and retired from the race. This left, on lap 32, Hamilton in seventh, Alguersuari back to eighth and Sutil and Sergio Pérez, who had been having a quiet race for Sauber, rounding out the points. The second round of pitstops saw far less action than the first, with the exception of Alonso's better stop allowing him to emerge ahead of Mark Webber's Red Bull Racing in the battle for third place. Also, Bruno Senna was now in ninth, due to being on a different pit stop strategy. Senna pitted four laps from the end, allowing Sutil and Pérez back into their ninth and tenth place.
The race finished, therefore, with Vettel comfortably ahead of Button and Alonso holding off a charge from Webber to round out the podium. Michael Schumacher led home teammate Nico Rosberg for a strong fifth place, while Hamilton was the last unlapped runner in seventh. Alguersuari's eighth place allowed Toro Rosso to draw level with Sauber in the chase for seventh in the constructors' championship, with Sutil leading Pérez home in the last two points scoring positions. Vettel completed his first career Grand Chelem with the race's fastest lap on the final lap, having led every lap from pole position prior to doing so but at the time no one knew this would be Vettel's last win of 2011.
Six weeks before the Grand Prix, reports emerged that the race was under threat from the Indian government seeking to tax a share of the teams' earnings. Under the system used by Formula One, teams that place in the top ten in the final World Constructors' Championship standings receive a percentage of money paid to Formula One Management for television rights. In accordance with Indian tax law, it was reported that the Indian government believed it was entitled to levy taxes on these earnings because the teams competed in India. This led to suggestions that the teams could boycott the race, though McLaren team principal and Formula One Teams Association chairman Martin Whitmarsh denied the claims, stating that the teams were exploring their options and were confident of finding a resolution. On 14 September, the race organizers JPSI offered to pay the customs tax if necessary. The Indian government later relented, offering the sport an exemption from paying the tax altogether. The Supreme Court sought an explanation from the Uttar Pradesh government for granting the tax exemption to Jaypee Group. The notices were issued by the apex court on the basis of a public interest litigation, which challenged the exemption of entertainment and luxury tax for organising the Formula One event. On 21 October, the Supreme Court enacted a temporary injunction to end the dispute, stipulating that the event organisers would deposit 25% of ticket money into a separate account until the court judged the validity of the entertainment tax exemption granted for the event by the Uttar Pradesh government.
Further complications arose when several figures within the Formula One paddock – reported to be Mercedes driver Nico Rosberg and "half" of the HRT team – had their visa applications rejected. A senior FIA figure was quoted as saying that if the extended visa processing period continued, then up to ninety percent of people involved in the sport would be unable to attend the race. Ten days before the race, Team Lotus driver Heikki Kovalainen reported via Twitter that he was still in the process of signing documents to enter the country, labelling the process as "a joke" and describing it as needlessly complex. Despite concerns over the application process, no teams reported that their personnel had been denied entry to the country.
^1 – Lewis Hamilton and Sergio Pérez were given three-place grid penalties for ignoring yellow flags during the first practice session.
^2 – Vitaly Petrov was given a five-place grid penalty for causing an accident with Michael Schumacher at the Korean Grand Prix. Although Petrov and Jaime Alguersuari set identical lap times in Q2, Alguersuari advanced to Q3 because he had set his lap time three minutes before Petrov.
^3 – Daniel Ricciardo was given a five-place grid penalty for a gearbox change.
^4 – Narain Karthikeyan was given a five-place grid penalty for impeding Michael Schumacher during Q1.
Bold text indicates the World Champions.
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^ "Vettel eases to inaugural Indian victory". Formula1.com. Formula One Administration. 30 October 2011. Archived from the original on October 31, 2011. Retrieved 30 October 2011.
^ Ali Khan, Faisal (1 September 2011). "Buddh International Circuit Receives Homologation". MotorBeam. Motorbeam India Pvt. Ltd. Retrieved 25 October 2011.
^ "2011 Indian GP –Preview". fia.com. Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile. 27 October 2011. Archived from the original on November 4, 2011. Retrieved 27 October 2011.
^ Elizalde, Pablo (26 October 2011). "FIA confirms double DRS zone for Indian Grand Prix". Autosport. Haymarket Publications. Retrieved 26 October 2011.
^ Beer, Matt (5 September 2011). "Karthikeyan secures Indian GP return". Autosport. Haymarket Publications. Retrieved 25 October 2011.
^ Beer, Matt (30 June 2011). "Hispania confirms Daniel Ricciardo will race for it from Silverstone". Autosport. Haymarket Publications. Retrieved 30 June 2011.
^ Tremayne, Sam (22 October 2011). "Narain Karthikeyan says racing at home will be a surreal experience". Autosport. Haymarket Publications. Retrieved 25 October 2011.
^ Elizalde, Pablo (12 September 2011). "Chandhok backed to race in India". Autosport. Haymarket Publications. Retrieved 25 October 2011.
^ Elizalde, Pablo (25 October 2011). "Karun Chandhok will not race in the Indian Grand Prix". Autosport. Haymarket Publications. Retrieved 25 October 2011.
^ a b Noble, Jonathan (27 October 2011). "Formula 1 did the right thing in coming to India, says Ross Brawn". Autosport. Haymarket Publications. Retrieved 27 October 2011.
^ Saward, Joe (25 October 2011). "Formula 1 meets poverty". Joe Saward's F1 Blog. WordPress. Retrieved 27 October 2011.
^ "@MBrundleF1: 27 October". Twitter. Twitter Inc. 27 October 2011. Retrieved 28 October 2011.
^ Weaver, Paul (27 October 2011). "State of unease hangs over impressive circuit as India joins F1 party". The Guardian. Guardian Media Group. Retrieved 28 October 2011.
^ "Pirelli announce tyre choices for remaining races". Formula1.com. Formula One Group. 7 October 2011. Archived from the original on February 10, 2012. Retrieved 31 March 2012.
^ Collantine, Keith (26 October 2011). "Two DRS zones for the Indian Grand Prix". F1 Fanatic. Keith Collantine. Retrieved 31 March 2012.
^ a b "Petrov handed five-place grid penalty for India". formula1.com. Formula One Administration. 16 October 2011. Archived from the original on October 18, 2011. Retrieved 25 October 2011.
^ a b c Strang, Simon (28 October 2011). "Lewis Hamilton and Sergio Perez given three-place grid penalties after practice". Autosport. Haymarket Publications. Retrieved 28 October 2011.
^ Noble, Jonathan (28 October 2011). "Alguersuari escapes penalty after being summoned by Indian GP stewards". Autosport. Haymarket Publications. Retrieved 28 October 2011.
^ a b Cooper, Adam (9 September 2011). "Indian Grand Prix under threat due to tax dispute with teams". AutoWeek. Crain Communications. Archived from the original on September 26, 2011. Retrieved 25 October 2011.
^ "F1 teams' association denies speculations of Indian Grand Prix boycott". The Indian Express. Indian Express Limited. 10 September 2011. Retrieved 25 October 2011.
^ Elizalde, Pablo (14 September 2011). "Indian GP eases custom taxes fears". Autosport. Haymarket Publications. Retrieved 25 October 2011.
^ "Government exempts Indian GP from paying huge taxes". Zee News. Zee Entertainment Enterprises. 14 September 2011. Retrieved 25 October 2011.
^ "SC notice to UP Govt, Jaypee on tax exemption". CNN-IBN. Turner International India. 18 October 2011. Retrieved 25 October 2011.
^ "F1 race on, but want 25% ticket sales reserved: SC". Business Standard. Business Standard Ltd. Press Trust of India. 21 October 2011. Retrieved 25 October 2011.
^ a b Batra, Ruhi (15 September 2011). "Visa woes for Indian Grand Prix". The Times of India. The Times Group. Times News Network. Archived from the original on 1 July 2012. Retrieved 25 October 2011.
^ "@H_Kovalainen: 18 October". Twitter. Twitter Inc. 18 October 2011. Retrieved 25 October 2011.
^ "2011 FORMULA 1 AIRTEL GRAND PRIX OF INDIA - Qualifying Results". formula1.com. Archived from the original on 24 October 2014. Retrieved 28 December 2015.
^ "Vettel on pole for inaugural Indian race". Formula1.com. Formula One Administration. 29 October 2011. Archived from the original on October 30, 2011. Retrieved 30 October 2011. Renault caught a tough break when Vitaly Petrov actually lapped in 1m 26.319s, the same time as Jaime Alguersuari had done for Toro Rosso, but the Spaniard did it first which meant that the Russian did not make it through to Q3.
^ "Daniel Ricciardo to take gearbox change penalty in India". Autosport. Haymarket Publications. 29 October 2011. Retrieved 29 October 2011.
^ Elizalde, Pablo (29 October 2011). "Karthikeyan penalised for impeding Schumacher during qualifying". Autosport. Haymarket Publications. Retrieved 29 October 2011.
^ "2011 FORMULA 1 AIRTEL GRAND PRIX OF INDIA - Race Results". formula1.com. Archived from the original on 3 January 2015. Retrieved 28 December 2015.
^ a b "India 2011 - Championship • STATS F1". www.statsf1.com. Retrieved 18 March 2019.
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Tips, highlights and general thoughts on Anguilla for planning your adventure in paradise.
A private chef seems like a lofty idea, and perhaps unnecessary on an island as fabulously foodie as Anguilla. Yet, for many guests to the island, a romantic private dinner a deux or a private chef for a weeklong villa experience with friends is just what the vacation doctor ordered. There’s a personal touch, and the menu is catered to your palate and dream dining experience. What’s not to love?
We’ve been testing the waters with private chef services on a nightly basis at our new villa in Anguilla, which has allowed us to learn how to approach the process of collaborating with a private chef.
And it should be a collaboration. The entire process should be somewhat consultative in nature. How many people? What’s your style? What are you looking to achieve? To work effectively with a private chef and have it wow you, both parties need to understand the other’s expectations. Based on our experiences, here’s a quick guide on how to work effectively with a private chef, whether it’s a one-off experience for a special night on vacation, or services spanning your entire getaway.
1. If you’re staying at a villa, the owners or property managers will likely have recommendations to share with you. At Frangipani, we’ve been vetting chefs ourselves to find out whose style vibes best and which chefs offer the easiest experience from start to finish. We’ve had some bad eggs, but in the process we found our keepers.
2. For some people, this may be a non-issue, but for many of us, it’s important to know how this process works from a financial perspective. Chefs operate in different ways and it’s important to understand what you’re getting into so everything ends as happily as it starts. Are you paying per hour or per person? Some charge a flat rate for a fixed number of people with a cost per head beyond that. Know how they operate on this front. Once you figure out that price, dig deeper. What exactly does that price include?
For many chefs we’ve spoken with, a quoted fee doesn’t include the cost of food. You may need to provide the chef cash to shop. They should return the change and all receipts. Is service charge included in that cost? Some chefs include a fee of 10%, 15% or more on top of the final bill as a mandatory service charge. What about service? Some chefs have quoted us a price that includes a chef and a server, while some charge an additional fee for service and clean-up.
Some may prefer to bartend themselves and choose their own wines, but if that’s something you’re hoping to add on, some chefs can bring in a bartender or sommelier to help craft cocktails or create a wine pairing menu with dinner.
Do know that the cost of hiring a private chef can vary hugely so don’t always assume it’s out of your budget. Many chefs will provide pricing for a one-off dinner vs. an entire week experience, with pricing becoming incrementally more enticing with more people in your party.
3. If you’re hiring a professional chef, they should be able to provide you with sample menus or some inspiration for your dining experience. As we’ve learned in the past: if they can’t articulate what they can offer, then you probably don’t want to be a guinea pig. The chefs we’ve had the best experiences with were able to share sample menus they’ve created in the past or were able to consult with us to craft a menu that fit our tastes and interests. Don’t be afraid to ask them to send over some inspiration – most chefs are happy to send over previous menus they’ve crafted to get the ball rolling and gauge which types of cuisine interest you.
4. Chefs work with a huge variety of diners with different tastes, dietary restrictions, and ideas about the dining experience. Communicate what you’re looking for, or at the very least communicate what you’re not looking for. Any dietary restrictions? Be sure to tell them! Do you prefer bold flavors or do you shy away from spice?
Ask if they have specialties – you can use these or modify them to fit your taste. Chat about what a typical dinner looks like for them: is it three courses? Is it family style? Dream up what you have in mind and see how that vibes with their style and their abilities. Not a dessert person? Let them know to scrap dessert and add a pre-dinner snack (e.g. shrimp cocktail, ceviche, pita and hummus, etc.) or pre-dinner cheese plate instead.
If you’re looking at hiring a private chef for the week vs. a single dinner, talk to them about stocking your kitchen in advance for different meals and be prepared to provide a list. With a high-end villa like the Villa at Frangipani, we communicate with guests prior to arrival to provide a checklist if guests are looking for stocking services prior to arrival. Generally it’s good to come up an idea of what you want and what will make your dining – and snacking! – enjoyable.
Wanting to hire a private chef for an upcoming stay at the Villa at Frangipani? Email our concierge at [email protected] to check out sample menus and get recommendations!
What are your thoughts on hiring a private chef? Have you ever hired a professional chef on vacation before?
This post appeared in its original form on The Wanderlust Effect.
This entry was posted in Your Anguillan Getaway and tagged Anguilla Resorts, Frangipani Beach Resort, Hiring a Private Chef, Hiring a Private Chef in Anguilla, Luxury Anguilla Getaway, Meads Bay Hotels, Private Chef in Anguilla, Villa Chef in Anguilla.
On Sunday, we got to bring together two exciting elements: our new four-bedroom villa on Meads Bay and our on-site boutique, Petals. Petals has grown over the handful of years that its been open, and has come to include a rich selection of locally crafted items, Anguilla-themed clothing, resort wear and beach wear, high-end souvenirs, and a carefully curated selection of international pieces from around the globe. In our latest shoot, we’re highlighting some of our favorite items for Spring 2016!
Resort wear on display at the villa with a mishmash of our favorite brands!
Yes, you can go B&W in the Caribbean! This black convertible dress can be worn in 6 ways – flattering on so many body types and skin tones!
Petals Boutique is located at the Frangipani Beach Resort on Meads Bay and is open from 9AM – 8PM through April 15th, and from 9AM – 6PM thereafter. Talk to our boutique reps/personal shoppers to help you find items that fit your style and budget!
This entry was posted in Your Anguillan Getaway and tagged Anguilla Shopping, Anguilla Souvenirs, Boutiques in Anguilla, Frangipani Beach Resort, Meads Bay Anguilla, Petals Boutique Anguilla, Shopping in Anguilla, Shopping in the Caribbean.
The 2014/2015 season has brought a lot of excitement for us at the Frangipani! We officially unveiled our new reception area, and with it, our new fitness center and conference space. Yes, Anguilla’s all about lazing in the sun under a palapa and sipping rum punch overlooking the Caribbean Sea, but we had many guests wanting to sneak in a good morning workout, or a pre-dinner run.
Behold, the brand spankin’ new fitness facility at the Frangipani Beach Resort. Treadmills, ellipticals, a couple of bikes, free weights and two benches (currently en route to Anguilla), along with an area for stretching, complete with medicine balls, resistance bands and mats.
Plus, check out this view! It certainly makes that extra mile a little easier.
The resort’s new fitness center provides a great complement to our second pool, which is a great space for swimming laps for those that prefer water-based exercise. Our fitness facility is open to guests only, and passes are not available to outside guests.
This entry was posted in Current Events & Activities, Your Anguillan Getaway and tagged Anguilla Fitness Facility, Anguilla Gym, Anguilla Hotels, Anguilla Resorts, Frangipani Beach Resort, Frangipani Resort Gym, Meads Bay Hotels, Working Out in Anguilla.
Amidst the fun of snorkeling, diving, kitesurfing and stand-up paddleboarding, there’s something so great about the simple pleasure of being on a boat. At the Frangipani, that often times involves heading out our power boat, Relentless, visiting off-island cays and exploring beach bars that dot the island’s perimeter. On one occasion earlier this year we headed on a boat trip that was extra special, a sunset tapas cruise on Tradition Sailing.
Operated by Laurie Gumbs (of Pumphouse fame) and Deb, his partner-in-crime, the Tradition experience has been fine-tuned to give guests an incredibly unique and memorable experience. When the sunset works in your favor, it’s bliss to the nth degree. The vessel is a traditional West Indian sloop that provides an experience markedly different from a typical powerboat. Considering the historical and cultural significance of sailing in Anguilla, a traditional sailboat is an homage to the island of yesteryear; a slow sweet sail from Sandy Ground with a cocktail in hand and the wood beneath your feet.
This entry was posted in Your Anguillan Getaway and tagged Anguilla Sailing, Boat Charters Anguilla, Sunset Tapas Cruise Anguilla, Tradition Sailing Charters Anguilla.
Want an inside view at the Frangipani? Check out this video of the resort, the rooms and the offerings for a glimpse!
This entry was posted in Your Anguillan Getaway and tagged Anguilla Resorts, Anguilla Video Footage, Frangipani Beach Resort, Meads Bay Anguilla, Meads Bay Resorts, Straw Hat Restaurant Anguilla.
Earlier, we shared our excitement about flights offered by Trans Anguilla Airways, and now we’re sharing our experiences for guests interested in bringing together a Caribbean excursion with a taste of different islands. Our first excursion with TAA? St. Barths.
We departed Anguilla at 10AM, just as scheduled. After chatting with the team at Trans Anguilla Airways, the flight to St. Barths was half of the draw for me. I had heard about the landing and after having experienced it, it lived up to its hype.
Despite the small plane size and close quarters, the flight was actually pretty spectacular. I personally love flying (hate airports, but love flying) so the small plane was actually a bit of a draw for me. The view of Anguilla, St. Martin and St. Barths during the trip was stunning and the contrast between the islands’ topography was even more pronounced from above. The short flight took us from Anguilla to St. Barths in 12 minutes, where we scooted into the airport and walked right onto St. Jean Beach.
Also worth noting, the AXA airport is quite possibly the nicest and simplest airport on the face of the earth. If you haven’t been through Anguilla’s airport before, you’re in for a pleasantly easy experience. We arrived about 30 minutes prior to flight time, which may have been 15 minutes earlier than necessary. Since there are inevitably only a few people on your given flight there’s not this entire production about safety, exits, etc. (though they do make sure to point out exits and make sure you buckle up). The plane is smaller than an SUV, so everything is pretty obvious at first glance.
After a quick landing and deplaning, we were on our way to explore St. Barths. The airport is adjacent to St. Jean Beach, home of Eden Rock Resort, which was clearly visible in the distance. Since we had opted out of renting a car, we decided to walk down the beach to check out the area and the architecture of the island. At first glance, it looked much like St. Martin: red-roofed buildings built into a sea of mountainous greenery.
Walking through the streets surrounding St. Jean Beach and Anse de Lorient, I was immediately impressed with how chic and clean the areas were. The cobblestone roads were quaint, and the brightly colored boats added to the Caribbean feel. Unlike Anguilla’s bright candy-colored Caribbean houses (think bright orange, teal, lime green, etc.), St. Barths’ homes and buildings are very French Caribbean, straight off of a Coastal Chic Pinterest Board.
While there’s a fair bit of nice shopping in the St. Jean area, we wanted to get out and explore different regions of St. Barths before lunch. The staff at Eden Rock was kind enough to call us a cab since there were none available on the streets. When a black Mercedes cab pulled up, I looked at Scott with both excitement and fear. Can I have them send a Kia cab? This is going to cost a fortune. As if by government mandate that all things in St. Barths embody all that is beautiful and perfect, the cab smelled like fresh cut flowers inside and the interior was spotlessly perfect. Verdict: 20 euros to Gustavia. That I could do. Do note that cabs in St. Barths are extremely expensive (not unlike Anguilla). Keep costs down by staying near the airport — there’s plenty to do within walking distance of the airport.
We made it down to Gustavia with no real plans in mind. We asked the taxi driver to drop us off at the starting point of the main shopping ‘strip’, an area dotted with boutique shops and luxury stores like Louis Vuitton, Cartier and Bulgari. I dared to window shop, but didn’t venture too much further than that. We approached the end of the strip and a restaurant that was recommended by our cab driver for a drink, a burger place called Le Select. While I wouldn’t have known any better, Scott recognized Le Select’s name as being the inspiration for Jimmy Buffett’s Cheeseburger in Paradise. Sure enough, the sign confirmed this. For all of you Jimmy Buffett lovers, I’m sure this is on your agenda.
We had about an hour before we wanted to leave for lunch and Le Select was dead but for a few weathered locals sitting at the bar inside. We decided to find a place with outdoor seating and a view to grab a drink. Just down the street, we ran into La Cantina which fit that very description.
I grabbed a margarita (no mint for my mojito go-to) and Scott grabbed a Ti Punch, the famous drink of the French Caribbean. Near the water, this place offered great views and a perfect perch to people watch. Plus, the prices were refreshingly reasonable. If you’re looking for an affordable place in Gustavia, La Cantina offers street side tapas and cocktails.
Note: If you’re taking the ferry from Anguilla or St. Martin to St. Barths, you’ll get dropped off in Gustavia on the main drag, which is perfect for walking around. There are plenty of shops and dining in Gustavia to keep you intrigued.
We asked our taxi driver to take us to Le Toiny Hotel for lunch, a €30 cab ride. I have no idea if we were getting totally ripped off on cabs all day, but based on Anguilla’s taxi prices, I think that may be the norm. Unlike the Merecedes cab of earlier, this was a beat up old van with a wizened cab driver at the helm. €30 seemed a bit outrageous, but he explained that the restaurant was ‘across the island’. On an island that’s 8 square miles, that makes you raise your eyebrows a bit.
Lunch was one of our main missions for the day since that was the only dining we were going to experience in St. Barths. We wanted to see Hotel Le Toiny so we opted to eat at their on-site restaurant, the acclaimed Le Gaiac. On Tuesdays, Le Gaiac offers a gourmet ‘Fish Market’ prix fixe lunch special in lieu of their standard menu. For a set price, you get a three-course lunch with a selection for each course. There are certainly less expensive options (see below) but we wanted to explore the hotel for future trips to the island. With the hotel and restaurant set up on the hill, the view from Le Gaiac is a stunning one; sweeping views of Anse Toiny and the green hills that surround the beach.
If you’ve looked into a trip to St. Barths, you’ll know that dining can be very expensive. There are a number of high-end places with entree prices that will make you look twice. There are also a number of places that are reasonable by St. Barths’ standards. Do a bit of research beforehand so you know what you’re getting into. You don’t have to spend a fortune on food. There are super casual dining spots scattered throughout the island, plus grocery stores which offer easy options for a beach picnic.
While you could easily spend a few days in St. Barths, six hours was the perfect taste of the island if you’re just looking for a glimpse. Since you’re only there for a brief period, plan your day out in advance to ensure you’re making the most of your brief time on the island. If you decide to stay by the airport, you’ll have St. Jean Beach and Anse L’orient within walking distance, plus great lunch spots and plenty of cute boutiques to do a bit of shopping. Save that cab money and spend it on lunch and a ti punch. Tres chic indeed.
This post originally appeared in its original form on The Traveling Scholar.
This entry was posted in Your Anguillan Getaway and tagged Anguilla to St. Barths, AXA, Day trip to St. Barths, Flights from Anguilla, SBH, Six hours in St. Barths, St. Barthelemy, St. Barths, St. Barths Daytrip, Trans Anguilla Airways. | 2019-04-18T16:45:46Z | http://www.plumeriapress.com/category/your-anguillan-getaway/ |
Yeasts – Yeasts are mono-cellular fungi that typically grow and reproduce by simple budding.
Mold – Molds are multi-cellular fungi. They are microscopic and typically grow and reproduce by a process called apical reproduction. Unlike yeasts, molds exist in characteristic vast networks.
The most prolific growth of mold occurs on food and other purely organic materials like fallen leaves or natural fibre clothing. Mold is one of the biggest contributors to food spoilage in the United States.
Unchecked mold growth on walls of a building is aesthetically and hygienically unpleasant. Moreover, in due course of time, it can cause serious structural deficiencies in the building. These range from cracks in walls to structural collapses. Quite predictably, mold growth in a house or any building for that matter significantly reduces the resell value of that property.
Presence of molds in a significant colonies indoors greatly deteriorates the quality of overall indoor environment by way of airborne spores and foul odor.
Although there’s very little scientific evidence that molds can themselves cause serious health issues, it’s widely held that molds have the potential to trigger a number of health hazards in humans.
The very first requirement for molds to grow indoors is the abundance of airborne or surface-settled mold spores. In most places, extreme weather conditions (steep sub-zero temperatures, excess heat of the drylands etc.) excluded, mold spores are to be found indoors. These are often carried through air currents. A simple activity like opening the window can allow millions of mold spores indoors. This is not, in itself, a sufficient condition for molds to grow, neither is it a cause of concern – simply, because it just can’t be helped.
Every organism, irrespective of its size or family, needs food to come into being and grow. Molds are no exceptions. They are, however, quite comfortable with consuming anything and everything, so long as it can be decayed. Organic matter – anything that contains carbon atoms – is the only source of food for molds. Since almost everything, barring few items, that is found most commonly indoors is organic, it’s virtually impossible to preclude the possibility of mold growth indoors by merely limiting organic content. Right from innocuous looking things like papers and clothes to easily digestible organic material like stale food or leather surfaces, molds can consume a range of materials. Even non-organic material like metals or plastic can attract mold, provided that there’s a layer of organic substance on its surface. The simple act of touching a phone receiver transfers enough topical skin oil onto the surface of the receiver – a perfect breeding ground for molds, given that other criteria are met.
Indoor humidity levels upwards of 55% are generally known to assist molds by providing enough atmospheric moisture to establish and grow their colonies.
Just like any other organism, molds have a set of optimum temperatures within which they show heightened growth activity. These temperature ranges vary from one mold genus to another; but when considered on a wholesome basis, they are not too greatly spaced. Most indoor molds have an optimum temperature range of 60 to 90 degrees Fahrenheit (roughly 15 to 30 degree Celsius). As one would notice, this also happens to be the optimum temperature range for human comfort. That’s why, it’s rather difficult to control mold activity purely by manipulating temperature. Another way that indoor temperature distribution can contribute to mold growth the presence of high temperature gradients. A temperature gradient is simply the difference in temperatures of two surfaces or two bodies. If a room has poor temperature distribution, warm air carrying enough moisture can come in contact with relatively cooler surfaces, condensing the moisture on that cooler surface. This provides an ideal starting point for molds to grow. When all of these conditions exist without mutual exclusion, mold growth can be all but guaranteed. At this point, it becomes necessary to reiterate that mold spores can survive the harshest of environments to stay dormant. Perhaps, that explains why molds can be found in dysfunctional freezers and even toasters.
Growth of molds indoors should always be kept in check to make sure that further complications, in regard with health and otherwise, don’t arise. There’s no better way to achieve this than getting rid of mold before it grows into obdurate colonies that are sometimes resistant to even extreme measures like pest control or other chemical remedies. However, it’s not always easy to say with confidence whether a certain building or a house is infected by mold unless there is an irrefutable visual evidence. A certain set of prognostic observations, hence, needs to be resorted to, in order to confirm the presence of mold infestation. Here are some potential signs of mold infestation indoors. It should be noted that despite not exhibiting the following signs, mold colonies are known to exist and thrive. These symptoms are, hence, only indicative and not exhaustive.
The most alarming sign of considerable mold growth on any surface, indoors and outdoors, is visual confirmation. Whenever there is visible growth of mold indoors, it must be regarded as substantial growth and a strong enough indicator of potential spreading of mold. All common indoor molds have a fuzzy texture. They can appear in a variety of colors (black, white, yellow, green, grey, blue) and sizes (from a small patch to a large enough to cover entire walls). Mold colonies are generally either smooth and velvety or rough and leathery. Visible mold growth, in all cases, warrants a thorough inspection of the building. Faulty infrastructure like leaking waterworks, stagnant water or seepage are often the precedents of visible mold growth. Mold growth is also preceded by discoloration of the surface. In case of walls and ceilings, the color starts fading while the surface itself becomes scaly and uneven. Spotting mold in well-lit indoor areas is relatively easier. Parts of a house or a building that are not frequented often, are rather poorly lit and damp provide the most helpful conditions for mold growth and are harder to inspect. These include attics, basements, cellars, fascias, garages and tree houses. Professional inspection is often required to ascertain mold growth in such cases.
Another sign that often accompanies mold growth is their distinctive odor. Even though some indoor molds do not have any inherent odor, most mold colonies are characterized by a certain foul odor that can be best described as earthen. This odor is the result of decomposition of organic matter that molds carry out. It’s strong, musty and often repulsive. In houses or buildings where mold growth is substantial, overall indoor air quality is completely ruined by this odor. It renders such buildings unpleasant and unsafe for living. In places that are inaccessible (such as AC vents, sink cabinets or behind the wallpapers) for visual inspection, mold odor is the best way to check for the presence of mold.
Another thing that can be a definitive sign of mold growth is persistent dampness – especially on walls, ceilings and floors. Mold colonies are known to extract atmospheric moisture to assist the decay of organic matter. This often results into excess dampness, known as mold sweat on that particular surface, which further assists mold growth. It is a run-away process that makes the affected surface persistently damp or wet. Mold infested walls are thus most vulnerable to further mold growth, even when there is no external water infusion.
Mold growth indoors may or may not manifest itself through one of the signs listed above. If it doesn’t, there are some passive signs that one inspect to arrive at a conclusion. These health symptoms, despite not being explicitly indicative of mold growth, warrant swift and immediate remediation. An indoor mold colony can release billions of mold spores every day. The commonest way in which these spores affect human health is through respiratory problems. People who are already suffering from lung diseases, have sensitive respiration, allergies or lower immunity are the ones to get affected first. Symptoms range from mild headaches and nausea to severe nasal and lung infections. If there is suspicion of mold growth and any member of the household exhibits above mentioned symptoms, mold growth is quite likely to be present. Upon having confirmed the presence of mold, irrespective of the state or scale of infestation, necessary corrective and preventive measures need to be taken so as to ensure the safety of inhabitants and the building itself.
There are estimated to be millions of species of fungi – a large number of which is made up by molds. These various mold species differ from one another in aspects like life span and favorable growth conditions. However, there are a handful of mold species that particularly thrive in indoor environment. They are found in plenty all over the globe. Some of them are outlined below.
Cladosporium are found in abundance all over the world. They are most commonly found in rotting plant matter and wooden materials. Bringing in fruits, vegetables that have already been infected by Cladosporium allows Cladosporium spores to enter the indoor environment. Unlike other mold species, Cladosporium can thrive in less humid environments. Surfaces that are cooler than the surroundings often attract Cladosporium growth.
Perhaps the most celebrated kind of molds, Penicillium genus family specializes in the decay of damp organic matter and high-nitrogen animal waste. Wallpapers, newspaper stashes, abandoned clothes, damp mattresses, carpets and furniture cushions are some of the most commonly affected areas. Penicillium molds are much quicker to establish and reproduce than other mold species. Select few members of this family are used in the synthesis of penicillin – an antibacterial drug.
Alternaria form the most tenacious genus of mold family. They can virtually grow anywhere, provided that there’s a shred of organic matter to feed on. They are also the prime motivators of allergy related health hazards that often derive themselves from indoor molds. Despite primarily being an outdoor species, they are often known to thrive indoors in extreme wet conditions – on wet bathroom floors, leaking pipes and perpetually damp rooflines.
Aspergillus species of mold are usually found in indoor environments where high humidity periods and low humidity periods tend to alternate. They can establish a colony within 24 hours of germination and tend to grow at rapid rates. They are known to trigger a number of respiratory conditions and allergies among the inhabitants of a house that is affected. Molds are classified among four classes relating their potential to cause health hazards to humans.
Class A molds are often the ones that have a potential to elevate the mold spores count in a closed indoor environment in a short span of time. They are also known to produce toxins as by-products of decomposition processes. These are regarded as highly unwanted in the presence of humans and require express remedial actions.
Class B molds are known to cause health hazards only upon prolonged exposures. These hazards are often limited to allergic reactions and are temporary.
Pink (in streaks, dots, sun-burst or random patterns) Fusarium and/or Gibberella A Can produce toxins that, upon ingestion, can affect livers, kidneys and stomach lining; along with causing serious birth defects and unusually rapid weight loss.
Black (fibrous, smooth and slimy) Aspergillus A Less toxic than Fusarium. Can cause mild nausea, vomiting or flu-like symptoms upon ingestion. Inhalation is mostly risk-free.
White (dotted with black) Diplodia C Often found in dairy products, these molds are not known to create toxins.
Mineral blue/sea-blue/white Penicillium B Not known to produce toxins. They are, in fact, used in many medicines and dairy products. Capable of causing temporary allergies.
Brown and/or black Alternaria B Not known to create toxins. However, they are widely held responsible for respiratory allergies and conditions.
If the mold infestation is around leaking pipes or stagnant water (including wet flooring and basement flooding), the first clean-up step should be to fix leakages. Professional plumbing assistance should be sought to avoid the recurrence of molds in the future.
If the mold infestation is on and around the walls or ceiling, the likeliest cause of excess moisture is water seepage from the roof. By seepage proofing the roof, mold outbreak can be significantly reduced.
Another cause of excess moisture indoors is poor ventilation or malfunctioning HVAC system. Letting fresh air in and stale air out can easily stabilise the indoor humidity. If humidifiers are used to maintain humidity indoors, it needs to be checked if they are properly functioning. However, if any of the occupants of the house/building suffer from dry skin problems or other dermic ailments associated with dry air, proper medical advice should be sought before lowering indoor humidity levels below 45%.
If the mold has infiltrated porous surfaces like rugs, carpets or furniture cushions, it is best advised to get rid of the materials altogether as mold spores tend to stay dormant inside the pores and future infestation is a strong possibility in such cases.
Some of the commonest methods of mold removal and remediation are described in brief below. Ø Detergent Wipes This is, by far, the simplest and quickest method of removing mold. It is particularly useful when mold infestation is still in its early stages, and the affected surfaces are washable. The implementation is quite easy. A cotton washcloth soaked in detergent grade soap (either home or industrial) or bleach is usually used to gently wipe away the mold from affected surface (walls, wooden furniture, sink, flooring etc.). Once the surface is rid of mold, it is again wiped gently with a fresh cotton washcloth soaked in a disinfectant. Lastly, another is used to wipe the surface clean with mineral/saline water. Even though this method is easy, it doesn’t always guarantee the best results. Furthermore, special care needs to be taken to ensure that the wiped surface is dried off thoroughly and further dampening is prevented by employing relevant measures. Ø Wet Vacuuming This method is employed when there is relatively larger accumulation of mold and the affected areas are considerably wet – sometimes fully waterlogged. Wet vacuum cleaners are specially designed vacuum cleaners that can be used to dry of indoor waterlogged areas. The functionality of wet vacuum cleaners is based on the simple vacuum suction principles and they are much stronger in action that regular vacuum cleaners. If the surface is not adequately wet, application of wet vacuum cleaners is not advised, as it is likely to deform the affected surface by way of pore exhaustion. In the process, the wet vacuum cleaner can also get damaged. The hose of a wet vacuum cleaner is immersed in the body of logged water to suction it all into the collection chamber. Once the majority of water is thus removed, corrective actions (such as fixing leakage or repair of wall cracks) is undertaken. Once the repair work is over, leftover moisture is allowed to dry off naturally. The detergent wipe method described earlier is also, at times, used to complement this process. Wet vacuum cleaners need to be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected after the application, as they are most likely to carry and mold spores all over. Ø Industrial Vacuum Industrial vacuum cleaners are used only when mold infestation is of a high degree and a regular vacuum cleaner cannot handle excess of micro-particles (dust and mold spores). Industrial vacuums are also known as High Efficiency Particulate Air Vacuums (HEPA). This process is seldom used in isolation. One or more other processes are always used to complement HEPA Vacuums. HEPA Vacuums are especially useful to clean up the affected area and its surroundings after the initial and major removal of mold is carried out. HEPA Vacuums are extremely powerful and are to be used only by trained experts, as physical injuries by improper handling of HEPA Vacuums can be quite serious. It is also to be made sure that proper filters (usually micron filters) are used to filter out suctioned air. This prevents mold spores from re-entering the indoor environment. Donning suitable gear (details to follow) is essential while handling HEPA Vacuums. Ø Using Chemicals Most people resort to chemical methods of mold removal without proper consultation with experts. It must always be remembered that extreme methods that involve chemicals are warranted in residential buildings only when there is a sudden outbreak of mold that threatens the lifestyle and health of the residents with immediate effect. Moreover, the use of chemical methods to remove mold from indoors should be employed as the last resort. Just like in other methods of mold clean-up, chemical methods must be preceded and succeeded by complementary corrective measures that address the root causes of mold infestation. It’s highly improbable to sterilize an area completely. It should also be taken into account that once the sterilization effect wears off, mold spores can quickly regain their footing if moisture or temperature issues have not already been taken care of. Biocides – the chemicals that are used to kill unwanted organisms – range from insecticides to pesticides. To exterminate mold colonies, agricultural grade fungicides are used. These chemicals are toxic for all organisms, including humans and domestic animals, in varying degrees. Hence, while using fungicides as mold removal chemicals, adequate care must be taken to keep the whole building properly ventilated. Direct inhalation or ingestion of fungicides should strictly be avoided. The application of fungicides should be kept limited to surface levels that are affected. Only trained pest control professionals should be entrusted with the use of fungicides and other chemicals. Cautionary Note: Fungicides should never be handled without prior experience and proper training. Mixing of two fungicides/biocides should never be carried out unless advised by a qualified expert. Immediate medical assistance should be sought in case of accidental inhalation, ingestion or contact with fungicides. Always heed the product labels before using. It is a cognizable offence and a breach of Federal Health and Safety Laws (Indoors and Outdoors) to use any kind of chemical product in a way that’s not consistent with its motive of synthesis. Ø Disposal of Mold Once the dead mass of mold is collected using any one (or a combination thereof) of the methods listed above, the next thing to ensure that it is properly disposed of. Dead mold mass is not ordinary solid waste. It is often classified as hazardous bio-waste and hence, it cannot just be dumped in a bin. Dead mold mass – and all the debris, dust and affected materials that are being discarded – should be separately collected in special non-permeable polyethylene bags. These bags are then to be labelled as hazardous to avoid accidental release of mold spores in the environment. If mold mass is larger in size and chunky in nature, it needs to be collected together and wrapped in several layers of polyethylene sheets. These sheets can then be safely placed inside non-permeable polyethylene bags and then disposed of.
Small sized isolated areas that have been affected by mold are relatively easier to deal with. These include small patches on walls, ceilings or flooring.
As long as the affected area is equal to or lesser than 10 sq. ft., regular maintenance team of the building is authorized and expected to carry out the task of mold removal – provided that at least 2 members of the team are duly trained in health and safety at residential places. They need to be well adept in the use of protective gears and proper management of relevant equipment under the concerned OSHA standards.
Regarding the use of protective gear, OSHA guidelines that dictate the same are to be strictly followed.
Everyone except the maintenance staff is expected to stay away from the affected area while the mold removal operation is ongoing. It’s not quite necessary to evacuate adjacent rooms, but susceptible individuals should be asked to stay away from the site of operation. This set includes infants, chronically ill patients, convalescents, and people with compromised immunity and other respiratory conditions.
Affected areas should be thoroughly cleaned with simple soap solution and washcloth, post operation. It should, if the need be, displayed with a sign to indicate its wet status.
Areas ranging from 10 to 30 sq. ft. are often regarded as moderately sized isolated areas. These areas require somewhat more intense servicing than small sized isolated areas.
Duly trained members of the regular maintenance staff of the building can carry out mold removal operations for mid-sized areas.
Evacuation of the entire building is not necessary. However, all the inhabitants near the affected area should preferably be evacuated, with special emphasis on infants, chronically ill patients, convalescents, and people with compromised immunity and other respiratory conditions.
Prior to the commencement of mold removal operations in areas of this size, all the other surfaces nearby (walls, furniture, carpet etc.) should be covered with regular plastic sheets (to be disposed of later).
There are many commercially viable techniques available to suppress the rousing of dust and other finer particles. These methods (misting, gelling, to name a few) should be used to minimize the contamination of indoor air that is anticipated in the process of mold removal.
Heavily affected materials or objects (especially porous surfaces) that cannot be cleaned should be disposed of in a way described before the operation begins.
Once the active operation is over, entire area should be allowed to dry off. Using industrial vacuums to clean off all the surfaces is generally recommended by experts as a method of reducing the peaked count of airborne mold spores.
Areas measuring over 30 sq. ft. are generally classified as large sized in terms of environmental maintenance. If a large sized area is infested by mold, it is strictly advised that only professionals who are trained and experienced in handling bio-hazardous materials/chemical and microbial treatments should be entrusted with the task.
All susceptible people (as defined earlier) should be asked to stay away from the site of operation for the duration of operation. Clearly visible signs warning non-members of the maintenance team to stay away from the site of operation should be displayed.
Large sized areas often cause a lot of infection to adjacent areas. In fact that’s how small sized areas turn into large sized affected areas. Hence, while treating large sized areas for mold infestations, every care should be taken not to get adjacent areas affected by way of contamination. Polyethylene sheets can be used to sheath the adjacent surfaces so that newly released mold spores or other contaminated debris doesn’t come into direct contact with these surfaces.
Another important thing to consider is to shut off all the ways in which contaminated debris or mold spores could get disbursed in the adjacent areas/rooms of the building. This includes temporarily sealing off vents, ducts, air conditioners and exhaust fans.
The use of professional and industrial methods to prevent the rousing of contaminated debris/dust/mold spores is a must in such operations. Misting and gelling are two examples of such methods.
It must be ensured that the whole area under operation is cordoned off prior and post operation for at least 3 hours. During this time, use of industrial vacuums is recommended to clean up the operation site and make it safe for human occupation again.
All the collected material including dead mold mass and other contaminated debris should be disposed of in a manner explained earlier in this section.
Acute infestation of mold typically occurs in areas that have been either abandoned or not frequented by people.
Acute infestation is generally spread over large areas. It is fundamentally different than regular mold infestation in that areas of acute infestation can potentially be dangerous for the very structure of a building.
Acute infestation manifests itself in thick continuous bedding of mold. Some professionals refer to as a mold farm.
Operations at such acutely infested sites should not be undertaken by non-professionals. Health and safety audit of the building needs to be carried out at least 24 hours before the commencement of the operation.
Duly qualified, trained and experienced bio-hazard technicians and microbial environment specialists must make for a part of the team that conducts the operation.
Other procedures for such operations are similar to the ones applicable for large sized isolated areas.
Operations in acutely infested sites usually tend to generate considerable volumes of contaminated debris. This is because abrasive plans of action (friction, scaling, de-plastering or polishing) are often warranted in such operations.
Hence, it is best advised to completely evacuate the adjacent areas to minimize the probability of accidental inhalation of mold spores or other infected fine particles by non-protected individuals.
Area (sq. ft.) Who should undertake the clean-up operation? Is evacuation of adjacent areas necessary?
Cleaning up mold colonies is not a task that comes without its own perils. To begin with, it must be conceded that the concentration of mold spores just around and over the surface of mold colonies is, quite predictably, extremely high. This means that using personal protective gear while cleaning up mold from indoors – irrespective of the size of the infestation – is highly recommended. Mold colonies tend to have a considerable aggregation of by-products and in some cases, even toxins. Hence, handling the clean-up procedure with utmost care in order not to come directly in contact with mold is important. This becomes an even more pressing issue when the procedure being opted for mold removal involves one or more destructive/invasive/intrusive techniques. These typically include de-plastering, creating and exploring wall cavities, friction, scrubbing and scraping. During these activities, a bulk of contaminated debris is generated and often, left airborne. Therefore, such procedures should be undertaken only by experienced professionals. The summary of what one should wear while cleaning up mold is presented below.
Skin is most likely to come in a direct contact with mold itself, or other contaminated debris like affected materials and dust. That’s why, having adequate skin protection before commencing a mold clean up activity is the best course of action. Long chemical grade gloves that extend up to forearms are known to provide easy handling experience. These gloves and non-porous. If the operator has any kind of allergies relating to latex or chemical grade rubber, special lightweight polyethylene gloves can be used. However, these are more tenuous than rubber gloves, and hence, need to be used gently. To keep the rest of the body from coming in a direct contact with contaminated debris or mold, disposable overalls (chemical grade) can be used. These overalls are worn as an additional layer of clothing over the regular layers. These are to be disposed of along with the collected debris and mold, as described earlier. Regular shoes that leave no skin exposed to air will suffice in most cases.
Most professionals have experienced that while performing mold cleaning operations, exposing one’s hair to mold spores and other contaminated debris can be very risky. Human hair has elevated adsorptive properties, especially when oil or other hair products are applied. This means that human hair is a great platform for dust and other finer particles to get settled on. This is also one of the primary causes of scalp related problems and dermatitis. That’s why, exposing one’s hair to mold spores is nothing short of inviting these pathogens to get hosted. Covering hair while performing mold clean-up operations, thus, should be deemed mandatory, and not just necessary. There are many ways to protect hair from contaminated debris and mold spores. The most common way is using latex headgear (if not already using the respiratory hood). Simple and easily available resources like swimming caps or construction hats (also called miner’s hats) can preclude the possibility of mold spores settling in hair. When dealing with acute mold infestations, it is recommended that two or three layers of protective headgear should be worn, while making sure that movability or functionality of the operator is not compromised.
Eyes are widely considered to be the most fragile organs of human anatomy. They are not only delicate in nature physically, they are also quite susceptible to foreign body attacks – including dust, debris and bacteria. That’s why, to look after one’s eyes while undertaking potentially dangerous operations like mold cleaning is of paramount importance. Irrespective of the scale of operation and the size of mold colonies, it is highly recommended that all operators, supervisors and inspectors – including people in the workplace – wear protective eye gear. Safety goggles that are used in chemical laboratories or construction sites suffice in most cases. These goggles are without ventilation holes and typically encompass the whole eyesight, leaving no room for dust or other particles to enter eyes. People with acute eyesight problems or permanent visibility impairments should not be allowed to undertake operations, keeping in mind the safety of their own and other personnel on site.
Another common way for personnel to get affected by airborne mold spores and other contaminated debris is by way of inhalation or accidental ingestion (on a micro level). The fact of the matter is, mold is known to be most harmful to human body when spores are inhaled or ingested. There are many diseases and allergens (to be discussed soon) that can be triggered by the intake of mold spores in a human body. According to the OSHA guidelines regarding general maintenance and clean-up, including bio-hazardous operations, use of respirators on site by every present individual is mandatory. Not using respirators is often considered to be grossly irresponsible and dangerous work practice during such operations. It should also be made sure that the respirators used are technically equipped to block the passage of micro-particles, as mold spores generally are classified in this category. All respirators used on site should be procured directly from the NIOSH website. If that’s not possible, efforts should be made to use other NIOSH certified respirators. There are many types of bio-immune respirators available. Most of these generally hold good for mold clean-up operations. Some of these are discussed in brief below.
Partial respirators are also known as half face respirators. These form the most common and most rudimentary class of workplace respirators. They don’t cover the full face of the wearer while ensuring that no fine particles are inhaled. Partial respirators can be used for small sized or moderately sized isolated mold infestation clean-up operations (less than 30 sq. ft.).
Full sized respirators are sometimes referred to as full face masks or full face respirators. As the name suggests, full sized respirators cover the full face of the wearer, thus eliminating the necessity for wearing protective goggles. These are to be used in mold clean-up operation on a larger scale (more than 30 sq. ft.).
N-95 masks are respirators designed to obstruct the inhalation of about 95% of airborne particles. These are typically used at construction sites and in mining operations. For mold clean-up activities of small or moderate scale, N-95 masks are a good fit.
These are just like N-95 masks, only more selective and more efficient. They are known to block about 99% of all airborne particles, including mold spores. These can be used in place of N-95 masks if additional respiratory protection is desired.
N-100 Masks are the most efficient respirators available in the market. They can block out the possibility of inhalation of almost all airborne particles and mold spores (up to 99.97%, in test conditions). They can be used in during almost every mold clean-up operation.
Every personnel on-site (regardless of their participation in the operation) should dispose of the disposable protective gear in a fashion described earlier.
All non-disposable protective gear should be disinfected duly, at least twice. Use of saline water along with a chemical disinfectant (alcohol based, or otherwise) is recommended.
All personnel should take a thorough wash (preferably a shower) and clean themselves with a mild disinfectant soap or an anti-bacterial body gel.
The site of operation should be left undisturbed for at least two hours, or until it is fully dry again.
Although it’s often left to guesswork, ensuring that a mold clean-up operation has been successful is one of the most essential steps in making a place mold free. There are certain benchmarks with which one can assert with confidence that a particular mold clean-up operation has been completed successfully.
Upon immediate completion of the operation, there should be no signs of visible mold at the site of operation. Persistent mold colonies tend to re-attach the previous sites of infestation due to inefficient or non-thorough removal of mold colonies. Hence, all such colonies should be thoroughly exterminated by the end of a clean-up operation.
Within a few hours of the completion of the operation, there should be no leftover mold odor present at the site of operation. If there is a hint of mold odor present, it could well mean that the operation hasn’t managed to get rid of all of infestation.
At least 3 weekly and 3 monthly on-site inspections are recommended by qualified maintenance professionals after the completion of a mold clean-up operation. These inspections should assess the state of moisture at the site of operation and if there is any new mold growth present.
If the residents/occupants of the building are satisfied with the operation and there have been no unusual health concerns, it is a good enough sign to state the mold clean-up operation has been successful. This should be regarded as a rule of thumb as no guidelines or instructions regarding this have been issued by OSHA or NIOSH.
In a majority of households, people come across mold in one form or another, at various scale and in various places. Granted that mold renders the looks of a building ungainly, it is often persistent and what’s even worse, it poses health concerns for the people who reside in the building; it’s not always necessary to panic and seek the help of professionals. Minor mold infestations (the ones that typically appear suddenly and in very small patches) can be treated if necessary caution in maintaining one’s own safety is taken.
The most difficult and challenging part of getting a building rid of mold infestation is to actually be able to locate the affected sites. Mold doesn’t necessarily grow on the outer and visible surfaces. It is more common for mold to settle and reproduce in places of least human contact – the places that are not easily accessible. These include nooks, crannies and those dark place in the attic, garage or kitchen. Since moisture is the basic need for life of mold, mold is often found in and around wash-pipes, drainage pipes and places that tend to collect water. Since locating mold colonies visually is not an option in such cases, one must rely on their olfactory senses to confirm the presence of mold. Damp, unpleasant and musty odor accompanies most species of molds.
All of these points will be discussed in more details in latter parts of this article.
Natural or semi-natural fabrics including cotton, silk, wool and hemp form an easy target for mold. They are highly organic and often wet for a long time (from washing or other reasons). Once a piece of garment made from such natural fibres catches mold infestations, its life of utility is as good as over. That piece of garment can and should not be used again. Discarding is the best option for mold infested clothing and other garments. Curtains, carpets and mattresses also tend to catch mold because of occasional collection of moisture or seepage (from damp walls, accidental spillage of liquids or high indoor humidity). In such cases, mold colonies can be expected to be present on the surface as well as inside such objects. Mattresses are often ‘eaten’ by mold from the inside if it is left undetected. Again, in such cases, the only viable and feasible option is to discard these affected objects safely. Another frequent host for mold in every household is sponge. Sponges are used for a variety of purposes – from body scrubs to car wipes. The very ability – to soak water – that makes sponges useful also helps mold grow on it. Most sponges, if not properly wind dried or sun dried, will host mold colonies that not only make the sponge useless, they can also spread in the other areas of the building through the mold spores that they emit every hour. Hence, affected sponges should be discarded readily, and drying a sponge after using should be made a habit. Household Hacks for Mold Clean-up If the extent of mold infestation is relatively smaller and manageable, simple household remedies can help you to get it all cleaned up to a good degree to professionalism, without actually hiring professionals. Four such simple and DIY (Do it yourself) household remedies for small and occasional outbreaks of indoor mold are discussed below. Please note that mold clean-up activities – irrespective of their scale and the size of mold infestation – should never be undertaken by minors, people with sensitive respiratory allergies, asthma, bronchitis, weak or impaired immune system or any other condition that can be worsened by inhalation of mold spores.
Tea is one of the most consumed beverages in the world, especially in the orient. It also happens to be the oldest natural beverage recorded in the written history – older than beer, wine and coffee! But uses of tea are not just limited to getting your mornings together or shooing away common cold. Tea tree oil – extracted from the barks and stems of tea plants – is an exceptionally potent fungicide that has very little effect on organisms of larger size (including humans). So, in a way, it provides a targeted drug delivery system that only works against fungi (i.e. mold) without causing any major side effects (at that concentration). Tea tree oil has a distinct aroma that can be identified with blended tea leaves. This aroma itself should be a strong enough reason to use tea tree oil for skin treatment and other household cleaning purposes. If you spot a small colony of mold indoors, here’s how tea tree oil can help you get rid of it in as few as 24 hours. Considering that tea tree oil is not available easily and it’s rather expensive, it is often used in diluted doses. A 1:1 dilution is known to work to a satisfactory degree of potency. The best part is that this mixture doesn’t go bad even after one year of shelf life. So, it can be pretty cost effective in the long run of things.
Mix a cup of tap water and a cup of tea tree oil together.
Pour the resultant (immiscible) mixture in a spray bottle.
Shake it vigorously to temporarily emulsify the mixture.
Then spray it generously over the spotted infestation of mold.
If you don’t see results in 24 hours, repeat the procedure for two more days. If the mold colony is still persistent, you may need to seek professional help.
Another simple way to get rid of common indoor mold (on a small scale) is to use clove and pepper oil. The method is quite similar to the one explained above (for tea tree oil). However, unlike tea tree oil, clove and pepper oil isn’t easily procurable. That’s why, you might want to prepare it at home. The preparation involves blending a handful of cloves and about half a cup of black pepper thoroughly. You can either use regular cooking oil or coconut oil to gel the paste together. Once you have a runny paste ready, mix it with water in 1:1 proportion. Unlike tea tree oil, this mixture will be mostly miscible. Pour it into a spray bottle and spray it over the mold colony. It must be remember at this point that clove and pepper oil has a very powerful aroma that can last for hours after the application. People with sensitive noses – especially children – should not allowed near the site of infestation as they can develop temporary cases of sinus or nasal inflammation as a result of accidental inhalation of pepper and clove.
Grapefruit seed pulp/extract is more easily available than clove and pepper oil. You can either use the commercially available grapefruit seed pulp or you can easily prepare it yourself. Grapefruit seeds have been used for centuries as oral medicines for stomach and bowel infections. These very fungicidal properties, mild but effective in nature, can be used to get rid of indoor mold infestation. Grapefruit seed extract is mixed with small quantities of water to prepare a thin solution. This solution is the poured into a spray bottle and spread over the mold colonies repeatedly, for 2 to 3 days in a row. Most kinds of domestic mold that has not spread into large colonies can be exterminated and contained using this method.
Vinegar is a very potent biocide, if used properly and in high concentrations. Household vinegar is a diluted aqueous solution of acetic acid. Acetic acid itself is a weak acid in nature. To control minor outbreaks of indoor mold, household vinegar can be a very effective solution. It can either be sprayed directly over the mold colonies or it can be gently smeared over the surface using a cotton washcloth. The latter method is only to be used when mold colonies are very small in size and scattered.
Who Should Do Mold Clean-Up?
Mold clean-up should never be undertaken by individuals with weak immune system/impaired immunity as a result of diseases like HIV AIDS or cancer.
People with sensitive health should not be allowed to clean-up the mold.
Individuals who have a recorded and known history of respiratory ailments and/or allergies should not be allowed to undertake mold clean-up operations.
Children and elderly should not be allowed to undertake mold clean-up operations as they are most susceptible to forming new allergies as a result of accidental inhalation of mold spores.
Individuals with any kind of skin condition including allergy spurts like dermatitis should refrain from cleaning up indoor mold.
If the mold outbreak indoors is considerable, professional assistance should be sought. Areas covering more than 10 sq. ft. infested with reasonably thick mold colonies often require professional treatment and cannot be contained with household remedies. There are many professional services extending household and business mold removal assistance available throughout the US. Before hiring any of these services, it should be made sure that the service provider has a good deal of experience in handling various kinds of indoor mold, without disrupting the lives of the occupants of the building. It should also be ascertained that all the procedures involved in the mold clean-up operation are in perfect compliance with the guidelines set up by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) or the EPA. To fix problems regarding ventilation, plumbing and sanitization pre and post operations, concerned professionals should be consulted with. Since moisture and stale air directly contribute to the growth of mold indoors, services from experienced and competent professionals in plumbing, HVAC repair and construction should be sought.
How Much Does Mold Testing or Removal Cost?
Places of infestation – walls, ceilings, bathrooms, outer surfaces, kitchen etc.
There are many Do It Yourself (DIY) kits available for mold inspection. These kits are quite handy to deal with small scale mold outbreaks that occur in most of the households around the country. They are easily procurable from the open market and typically cost anywhere between $10 and $150. Contingent on the prices, these kits include a number of accessories to test and inspect the indoor mold. With some kits, sophisticated laboratory procedures such as petri dish culture assessments are available. Using these methods, you can scrape a small sample of mold from house and place it in the given petri dish loaded with organic matter. Depending upon whether mold grows or not, and the color of petri dish colony, mold species can be easily identified. Once identified, it’s much easier to deal with them as you will have an exact idea of its potential to cause harm to health and well-being of the occupants of the building. If the mold colonies are persistent and widespread (more than 10 sq. ft., every professional service hired will cost you. Taken collectively, for an average sized home, a thorough inspection for mold and remediation (assuming the highest degree of infestation), the costs can rise from $250 to $600. There are many factors to be considered while arriving at the final cost. These are typically the techniques being used (HEPA alone, on its own, can add up to $300 to the final cost) and personnel it requires to carry out the operation on a given day. Intrusive, abrasive or destructive techniques like cavity inspections for walls and flooring may further increase the final costs incurred to your as the homeowner. The same services will cost anywhere between $400 and $1200 for large sized houses (typically with carpet area upwards of 8,000 sq. ft.) and commercial/professional/business centers. Things to Remember while Hiring Professional Mold Remediation Services Here are a few things that must be checked before hiring a particular mold remediation service.
Service provider should have prior experience in handling, inspecting and exterminating most species of indoor mold.
Their services should include complete packages – from inspection to removal. If it’s difficult to find a contractor that offers both inspection and removal, it is recommended to split the operation between two different service providers.
They should be able to certify that your household or business center has been inspected and treated for mold inspection as per the norms set up by your local state offices.
They should be able to carry out destructive testing and remediation if need be.
They should be certified by due agencies (both federal and state) to carry out bio-hazardous operations in areas of human occupation. The Institute of Inspection, Cleaning and Restoration Certification (IICRC) is one of the premier certification program for such professionals. Certifications from the IICRC speak highly of the contractor’s competence.
They should perform all the operations in stringent compliance with guidelines set up by the Center for Disease Control (CDC).
How do Molds Affect You?
It is an undisputed fact that molds have a potential to affect the lives of people that they come in contact with. This impact can be varied. It ranges from the shabby looks that they render the building to weakening the structural integrity of the building itself and from causing mild allergies to extreme discomfort that follows through respiratory ailments and in rare cases, these impacts can be fatal in the long term. The effect that mold can have on different individuals is different. It all basically boils down to the state of the health of the individual in question. Those who have compromised immune systems are most likely to get affected by the presence of mold in house and mold spores in the indoor environment. There’s no way to tell if an individual will get affected in a certain way by a certain species of mold because molds, on their own, have very restricted damage potential. The real impact they have on humans is through conditions they help trigger – either through their physical being (allergens) or through their chemical emissions (by products, toxins and proteins). Misdiagnosis of mold related ailments and physical discomforts is quite common throughout the world. Most medical practitioners do not consider indoor air as the primary source of pathogens and prioritize the diagnosis based on more pressing fronts. This invariably results in delayed diagnosis and hence, delayed treatment. A simple mold allergy, thus, can result into something that would need to be treated like a major disease – wasting the patient’s time, energy, money and peace of mind; not to mention compromising their health.
Individuals with weak immunity, as stated earlier, are the easiest of targets for molds. Such individuals form a perfect host for the pathogenic traits of various domestic molds, thus allowing them to make temporary settlements in their own bodies. The commonest way for molds to manifest their impact in such individuals is through symptoms like wheezing, coughing and persistent cold. These symptoms, admittedly, do not readily lead their way towards a correct diagnosis and hence, mold can get enough time to extend the damage. It can range from simple cough that naturally wanes and disappears as the personal immune systems fights the actions of mold spores inhaled or ingested. When this fails, typically in people with chronic cases of asthma, other pulmonary ailments and weakened or impaired immunity arising from natural deficiencies or other diseases like cancer and AIDS. Usual treatments for such major diseases involve chemotherapy, phototherapy, radiotherapy, transplants, infusions and heavy drugs – all of which factors contribute to the debilitation of patients’ immunity. Young children and elderly are also at the highest risk of these infections as their immune systems are yet to develop or naturally weakened, respectively. Mold can not only create discomfort through such symptoms, it can also worsen the already present diseases. For example, chronic patients of asthma, when exposed to high concentrations of airborne mold spores, were found to suffer from heightened and more regular asthma attacks that, in some unfortunate cases, grew to be chronic. Similarly, in many cases, mold inhalation is the prime reason for the development of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. Even though ABA in itself isn’t potent enough to cause long term damage to the patient’s lungs, it can certainly cause extreme discomfort for the period of affectation. More importantly, ABA further damages the immune system, leaving the patient vulnerable to the attacks from other viruses and pathogens.
It is through allergies that molds make known their presence and their impact on one’s health. These allergies are difficult to trace back to mold unless the mold colonies indoor are distinctly visible or easily detectable. They can range from irritation to inflammation. Commonly affected parts of a human body are eyes, skin, scalp and respiratory system. Eyes and skin can be affected by way of allergies that can either be temporary or persistent. Temporary allergic reactions like swelling of the eyelids, watery eyes, itchy eyes, red eyes, painful eyes, rashes on the skin , scratchy skin and substantial increase in scalp problems (dandruff, for example) are quite frequently observed throughout the world, wherever there is high concentration of airborne mold spores indoors. More serious reactions may include excessive bloating of skin, widespread rashes that don’t wane on their own within 24 hours of appearance. Other common health concerns associated with indoor molds are all related to the respiratory system. There is always some concentration of airborne mold spores in every environment, irrespective of whether it’s indoors or outdoors. This concentration, however, peaks substantially if there is a presence of indoor mold colonies. These colonies release millions of mold spores in the indoor environment every day. Inhalation of these spores doesn’t remain, in such cases, an accident – it becomes a foregone conclusion. Inhaling mold spores can trigger all sorts of allergic reactions in one’s respiratory system. Coughing is the most profound reaction caused. Depending upon the intake of mold spores by an individual, the seriousness of cough related symptoms does vary. In healthy individuals, such cough symptoms reduce and disappear all within 24 hours. In other cases, these symptoms tend to be more persistent and cannot be dealt without medical attention. Sneezing is the instant reaction of human body to inhalation of fine particles. Hence, inhaling a large dose of mold spores from an indoor environment can cause sudden and continuous bursts of sneezes among sensitive or allergy prone individuals. These outbreaks of sneezes tend to wane and disappear as the concerned individual moves to an environment with significantly lower concentration of airborne mold spores and other fine particles. Along with coughing and sneezing, inhalation of mold spores also sometimes results into dry and parched throat. These symptoms are similar to any common flu symptoms. As mold spores are adsorbed on the inner surfaces of the throat, reflex actions cause consistent bouts of dry throat. On similar lines, inhalation of mold spores, in almost every case, results in a runny nose and itchy nasal cavities. Again, these symptoms resemble the common flu and cold symptoms starkly. For healthy individuals, most of these symptoms do tend to disappear following simple actions such as moving to another room, letting the stale air out and fresh air in or turning on the HVAC system. Even though household indoor environment cannot create enough sustenance for most species of molds, it is an entirely different case altogether when one is to discuss occupational mold hazards. Individuals who are continuously exposed to high concentrations of airborne molds for prolonged periods (typically in occupational environments like greenhouses, stables, farms, gardens, furniture companies, paper companies and warehouses) pose a high risk of developing hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP). Hypersensitivity pneumonitis is a form of respiratory disorder that often manifests itself through persistent bouts of vigorous coughs and a sudden shortness of breath. HP, for most people, tends to be acute and short lived. In this form, an individual can experience chest pain, deep cough and nausea. In some rare cases that result from decades of sustained exposure to mold spores, HP can be chronic and difficult to treat. It can even lead to permanent scarring of lungs and extreme reduction in the strength of lungs, as can be identified by shallow breathing cycles and difficulties in performing daily tasks like climbing up the stairs. In this form, HP resembles asthma quite keenly.
If not diagnosed and treated correctly, prolonged exposure to more airborne mold spores can lead to more serious outcomes. Many individuals who have been diagnosed with mold infection have complained about constant headaches that they mistook for hypertension or eyesight related problems – even migraines in some cases. Similarly, prolonged and continued exposure to airborne mold spores is known to trigger sudden nose bleeds and panic attacks that follow such instances. Since airborne mold spores primarily enter the body of the host through inhalation, respiratory tracts are affected first. Symptoms like difficulty in breathing, chest pain and throat pain are some of the symptoms of respiratory tract and/or lung infection due to mold spores. If mold spores are allowed to be hosted anywhere in the respiratory systems, there are high chances that, upon successful establishment, they will spread in other parts of the host’s body triggering symptoms like diarrhoea, vomiting and excessive sweating – all of which invariably result in severe dehydration and cramps. Another condition that follows such mold triggered dehydration is the feeling of nausea. Many patients suffering from mold infections complain about the feeling of sickness, nausea and constant fatigue that just cannot go away despite lengthy resting periods and intake of energy drinks or supplements. Mold infestation thus spread to the GI tract and gastric system as a whole can further create serious complications. Growth of mold inside intestines is often known to cause ailments like chronic indigestion, constipation, inflammatory bowel disorder (IBS) and loss of appetite. In other symptoms, sudden weight loss and hair loss is known to be linked indirectly to acute mold infection. Weight loss often follows dehydration and loss of appetite and is not known to be an isolated symptom. Hair loss is linked to scalp infection or scalp dermatitis. In some cases, neurological disorders have also resulted indirectly from habitual mold spores inhalation or ingestion. These include temporary short term memory losses and false pain alarms in the central nervous system. Swollen glands – especially in the upper half of the body – are also characteristics of prolonged exposure to airborne mold spores. Other symptoms that have been linked to such exposures, but not exclusively accepted or confirmed, include temporary sexual deficiencies and bladder infection. Persistent pain in joint, muscles and ligaments are also known to accompany severe mold infections.
Extremely complicated cases of mold infection arise from prolonged exposure to very (and uncommon) exposure to ultra-high concentrations of airborne mold spores. Such cases are quite uncommon and are a direct result of lack of hygiene and maintenance at the workplaces and households. If left untreated for a period of days, many species of household molds can easily penetrate beyond the immune system of a human body. What results is a breakdown of central immunity, leaving the body vulnerable to other diseases that further debilitate one’s health. Some particular species of indoor molds can produce high concentrations of toxins (mycotoxins) that are easily absorbed in the blood. High levels of these toxins in bloodstream can lead to long term (permanent) memory loss and/or paralysis. Cancer is also believed to be a direct result of such mycotoxins. Permanent injuries to lungs, called pulmonary hemosiderosis, are also believe to result. Other assorted conditions that can be directly tracked back to prolonged and acute exposure unusually high levels of mold spores include various gastrointestinal diseases, cardiac conditions development and deterioration, complications during pregnancy and even brain damage, in the rarest of rare cases.
Many experts believe that mold exposure symptoms and diseases are quite routinely misdiagnosed in the United States. According to the National Treatment Centers for Environmental Diseases (NTCED) and Mayo Clinic, there are roughly 55 to 60 million Americans who regularly suffer from sinusitis caused directly or indirectly by indoor mold. What’s more interesting is that almost all of these patients (96%, to take help from the numbers published by the NTCED) are diagnosed wrongly by medical practitioners. The fact of the matter is that misdiagnosis can not only delay the prognosis, it invariably delays the right treatment – in a way stripping the patients of their fundamental right to being in a good health. Here are some of the commonest misdiagnoses for mold related sicknesses.
When a patient complains of sudden shortness of breath and a general difficulty in breathing, many medical practitioners tend to probe him/her for asthma or some other emphysema family disease. It would serve the purpose well to know what asthma really is. Asthma is an exclusively respiratory syndrome in which affected individuals’ lung capacity is greatly compromised by way of sudden compression of spastic airways. The exact reason for this condition to get triggered is, even after decades of research, is still not discovered in precisions. Many scholars believe that asthma is triggered by a number of fine particles – mold spores being among them. However, even though mold infection can trigger asthma, the original microbial infection would still warrant extra treatment, which is, quite commonly not extended to the patients. This can result into prolonged stay of molds inside the respiratory system of the patients, further complicating the road to the restoration of health.
Most mold species can trigger regular or irregular sinus problems among the residents of the building. Quite too many times, the underlying reasons behind frequent sinusitis outbreaks aren’t fathomed. Most medical practitioners, in such cases, diagnose that such individuals are suffering from chronic sinusitis. Chronic sinusitis is not an alarming diagnosis in its own right. In fact, close to 30 million American citizens are estimated to be suffering from chronic sinusitis – on an average one among ten adults in America. However, if misdiagnosed and mistreated for, chronic sinusitis can not only persist, it can get complicated, leading to other pulmonary and respiratory diseases like asthma.
Fibromyalgia, also known as fibrositis, is a disease of central nervous and muscle network ailment. It has been quite difficult for medical science to define the exact symptom or effect boundaries of fibromyalgia, because more than 40 different symptoms are known to be linked eventually to it. Some of these symptoms include insomnia, persistent joint and muscle pain, inability to focus, incessant fatigue, nausea, a common feeling of being ill, headaches, unpronounced dizziness, backaches and sudden tingling sensation in fingertips. Many of these symptoms also point towards ailments that can be easily ruled out or verified (e.g. vertigo and diabetes). However, persistence of these symptoms in isolation or collection usually makes medical practitioners to diagnose and treat the patient for fibromyalgia. Internal infections caused by many species of mold uncannily mirror more than half of these symptoms in unison. This results in misdiagnoses and mistreatments.
Bronchitis is another common pulmonary and respiratory disease that mold infection is often mistaken for. Bronchitis can be triggered by fine particles like dust, smog or pollens. It results into temporary but recurring disintegration and/or inflammation of airways and lung lining symptomized by wheezing, shortness of breath, sudden chills or fever, hacked coughing and sneezing. Most individuals exhibit these symptoms upon getting infected by excess airborne mold spores, as well.
If you are sensitive to fine particles and already suffer from respiratory or pulmonary allergies, you will be at the highest risk of developing more lasting and persistent forms of these allergies because of exposure to high concentration of airborne mold. However, there are a few simple ways with which one can limit their exposure to mold and other allergens. A few lifestyle changes and a few precautionary steps are all it takes to virtually shield yourself from mold related allergies and a level of discomfort that follows.
Indoor concentration of airborne mold spores can increase only in two scenarios. The first involves growth of already established mold colonies indoors while the second involves natural increase in airborne mold spore outdoors. Regular and times inspections by professional can preclude the possibility of indoor mold growth. Therefore, if one is to know when the airborne mold spore count increases outdoors, preventive measures can be adopted to make sure that these increased levels of airborne mold spores don’t infiltrate the indoor environment. The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (AAAAI, under the National Allergy Bureau) provides regular and real time updates regarding variables in outdoor environment such as airborne mold count, pollen count, dust levels and smog levels. Keeping yourself updated with this information can be a very effective way of knowing when to be cautious.
Regardless of outdoor concentration of mold spores, there are places that always carry higher concentrations than the ordinary and predicted level. These are usually sites of business or occupation like greenhouses, farms, factories, food processing plants, leather processing units, animal husbandries and such. These places provide a very conducive breeding ground for most species of mold. They are usually damp from industrial processes, they carry huge amounts of decomposable organic matter and waste, and they are usually poorly ventilated and isolated from communities. If you are to visit such places, you need to ensure that you have adequate respiratory protection. You can use any of the respiratory masks or filters discussed in the earlier parts of this articles. Also, wearing clothes that keep you fully covered (overalls, full sleeved shirts, trousers, gummy boots and hats) can keep you well away from accidental inhalation of mold spores.
Alcoholic Beverages: Alcohol is basically a fermented liquid. By this definition, its roots can be easily traced back to fungi and bacteria. That’s why, it’s important to stay away from alcoholic beverages or at least consume them with in strict moderation, if you happen to be a sensitive individual toward molds and allergies.
Dairy Products: Dairy products usually contain a high number of bacteria and fungi species. Even though almost all of these species (found in fresh products) are innocuous (in some cases, even helpful) for human bodies, people with weakened immune system or high sensitivity towards mold infections should try to find alternatives to dairy products for daily consumption. Fermented dairy products or dairy associated products like sauerkraut, cheeses and yoghurts should especially be avoided.
Subterranean Fruits and Vegetables: Most people who are sensitive to mold infection are known to be allergic to subterranean fruits, vegetables and pulses. These include cabbages, radishes, groundnuts, potatoes and sweet potatoes. Similarly, high carbohydrate grains like corn and barley can also contain various mold species lodged onto them. However, since it’s impossible to not include all these foods in regular diet, it’s recommended that processed forms of these foods (such as pickled radishes or microwaved potatoes) should be preferred to raw forms. This will help you stay away from mold species without having to sacrifice a major portion of what makes regular American meals.
If you an allergy prone individual, it becomes very important you to keep track of any significant changes you make to your food, lifestyle, schedule or even clothes. Things that don’t seem quite important superficially do have the potential to trigger all sorts of mold related allergies. That’s why, even though it’s a difficult and limiting prospect, allergy prone individuals are best advised to note down their activities on a routine basis. The most difficult part in combating mold infections and other allergies is not the treatment itself but the diagnosis. In some cases, diagnosis can take far too long while in some cases it may never arrive. If that happens, treatment can be as good as guesswork. However, if the patient has a recorded history of their activities, it can be easier for medical professionals to narrow down the options they have, making the journey toward diagnosis much shorter and more accurate. You can simply note these down in your own diary or notes. There are many resources available online that can help you get started with this. Many smartphone apps have also been published for these purposes.
Treating mold sicknesses is a fairly straightforward practice that usually involves an antibiotic or a combination thereof to selective attack the resident mold species. However, the biggest roadblock is presented in the form of misdiagnoses, as discussed in details earlier. If not diagnosed correctly, mold infections can grow to be worse and further complicate the matters. Hence, a successful and quick diagnosis is the best way to move forward while dealing with mold infections and subsequent treatments. Mold infections have pretty vague symptoms that can overlap or mimic a number of other similar conditions. When faced with these symptoms, it becomes necessary to point out facts (like changed lifestyle, travels, new food, new house, new workplace etc.) to the medical practitioner you are seeking advice from. Some common methods undertaken by medical practitioners, allergists and general physicians all around the world to get an insight into the nature of infections and allergies are described below.
This is the most rudimentary way of reducing the number of possible causes that can be responsible for the allergy or infection. In logic, this is termed as the process of elimination. Using this logical procedure, it becomes simpler for the practitioners to arrive at correct a correct diagnosis. Physical and superficial examination of allergies frequently involves the appearances of symptoms. If the allergies are affecting the patient’s skin, the color of rashes, their patterns, severity, itchiness, dry/wet nature, spread, frequency, flakiness of the affected parts of the skin and depth of penetration of rash wounds are some of the signs that can lead to a correct diagnosis. If the allergies or infections are internal, they typically exhibit themselves through nasal secretions, mucus, sneezes, cough and wheezes. Understanding the nature of phlegm is an important part of such physical examinations. In other cases, when allergies affect eyes, the color of eyes, frequency of heightened redness, impact on eyelids, possibility of dermatitis and related conditions can be verified or ruled out using such superficial examinations. It should, however, be remembered that these physical examinations do not necessarily always point to the real reason behind allergies – they are just indicators of potential courses to be followed.
Skin testing is a common diagnostic and conjectural procedure followed by medical practitioners to assess the nature of skin allergies where molds can possibly be the culprit. Skin testing is to be performed by qualified medical authorities (practitioners or allergists) only in laboratory environment. Highly purified and less potent batch of assorted mold species is injected in the outer skin of a patient suffering from allergies or skin conditions. Once this is done, the injected mold species reside on the patient’s skin and within 24 hours, reactions by the skin to these species develop. These reactions are studied in order to compare their resemblance with the already present symptoms. This can help proceed with the diagnosis. Even though immensely helpful, this technique cannot be extensively performed at every medical center. Furthermore, availability of laboratory grade purified batched of all species of indoor mold is not quite common.
Blood testing is a more common route used by most medical practitioners and allergists to arrive at solid conclusions. Just like skin testing, blood testing involves an assessment of reactions caused by purified batches of various mold species. Collectively, these tests are also known as Memory Lymphocyte Immunostimulation Assay, or simply MELISA tests. These tests help one arrive at diagnoses regarding allergens, chemicals, fine particles and mold spores. Most domestic species of molds can be identified using MELISA tests. Unlike skin testing, blood testing can be conducted remoted. The patient doesn’t has to travel to the site of testing as blood can be extracted and sent to the nearest laboratories where MELISA testing facilities are available. However, skin test is more useful to measure the levels of infection, once the presence of mold is confirmed; whereas blood testing only tells if the patient has contracted mold infection or not. Somewhat similar to MELISA tests, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) tests can provide a great insight into the presence of all sorts of foreign bodies in the patient’s bloodstream. For ELISA tests to work, there has to be some presence of pathogens or toxins that affect the natural enzyme activity. Since molds often seem to alter the course of lipid activity and enzyme activity in human body, ELISA tests can be useful to identify a majority of common household indoor mold species. In an event where neither primary superficial testing nor blood testing using MELISA or ELISA tests present a conclusive evidence for a particular mold species, a more complex approach can be employed with the help of radioallergosorbent (RAST) testing. RAST tests are not used in regular courses of action as they are complex, expensive and resource intensive. Mold sickness treatment depends on a number of factors and in many cases it can be extremely patient specific if there’s no recorded precedent or reference. Hence, most medical practitioners and allergists are particularly careful about prescribing drugs for the treatment of mold. In healthy individuals, a majority of mold infections is cured naturally as the immune system combats the pathogens over time. However, if this doesn’t happen – because the mold species are tenacious or immune system is weak – external drugs in various forms and doses are indispensable. There are various schools of thought when it comes to treating mold related sicknesses. Alternative therapists believe that antibiotics make the mold species even stronger in the long run while allopathic treatment heavily relies on the use of antibiotics for instant relief from the discomforting symptoms along with quickened healing process. A few of these mainstream mold sickness treatments are discussed below.
The effectivity of CSM in mold sickness treatments has often been debated. However, despite not having any proven chemistry to support its functionality, CSM continues to be the most commonly prescribed anti mold infection drug simply because it works. When taken in smaller doses, CSM has no cognizable side effects on human health, even in cases of people with suppressed, weakened or compromised immune system.
Antihistamines are generic drugs used to combat mold and other fungal infections in human bodies. They are typically available over the counter in most states and are branded with various names by most of the leading pharmaceutical companies. Although antihistamines can act very rapidly (within a matter of hours), it may take about 2 to 3 days for the allergy or infection to get completely cured. All of the common species of indoor mold, especially black mold that grows on damp walls and in bathrooms, are treatable by the use antihistamines. Patients who have a known history of mold allergies can use mild doses of commercially available doses of antihistamines when mold infection symptoms surface. Antihistamines can bring immediate relief when symptoms like persistently runny nose, itchy skin, red eyes or scaled scalp are encountered.
As long as the mold infection is in its primary stages, it can be easily contained with regular cold medicines, provided that the patient is not suffering from auto-immune diseases or has a congenial immune system problems. Decongestants can be used to clear blocks nasal airways, making breathing a little easier for the patient. This reduces the unnecessary strain on throat muscles and sore throat symptoms that soon follow. Oral decongestants, nasal sprays and household therapies like sauna therapy or herbal teas can also be used to alleviate symptoms. These medicines, however, should not be used for longer periods. If condition doesn’t improve within 48 hours or discomfiture doesn’t diminish, appropriate medical attention should be sought immediately.
Almost every indoor species of mold causes upper respiratory allergies and difficulties in breathing. Considering this, corticosteroids, when administered nasally, can be very efficient, quick and effect in combating such upper respiratory mold symptoms. Nasal corticosteroids are branded and sold by a number of pharmaceutical companies and are generally available with ease over the counter. Inflammation of nasal cavities, throat, tonsils, lungs and difficulties in breathing are better and faster managed by corticosteroids than by other prescription drugs like cholestyramine. Even though they are relatively safer for long term usage, continued use of nasal corticosteroids is discouraged by most medical practitioners. Side effects of using nasal corticosteroids include sore throat, sore mouth, loss of appetite, occasional nosebleed and dry nose.
Montelukast is commonly prescribed to patients who have chronic cases of asthma and other allergy related conditions. Leukotrienes are secreted on an automatic basis by the central immune system when presence of pathogens (molds, in this case) is detected. These chemicals trigger a number of reactions and symptoms in the body – the most prominent being runny nose, itchy eyes and fatigue. As these symptoms develop, a physician may try out a dose of Montelukast to make sure that the symptoms are directly related to mold or other fungal infection. Montelukast binds to leukotrienes and reduces the discomfort caused by these symptoms. As the symptoms wane in severity, other treatment methods can be continued alongside to tackle mold infection.
Vaccines are often looked at the least preferred curative treatment method and most preferred preventive treatment method. If various tests conducted suggest the infection is caused by a particular species of mold, anti-infection vaccines can be used to get rid of these species from the host’s body. Although not always successful, anti-infection vaccines can certainly help the patient’s immune system to get used to combating mold infections better.
Nasal lavage is a popular household method of dealing with mold infection symptoms that cause discomfort. Runny nose or stuffed nose, the level of discomfort caused by either of these is considerable and can, in many cases, affect the productivity of the individual. That’s why, simple remedies like daily (or twice a day) washing of nasal airways with saline water can significantly palliate these symptoms. Salt acts as a natural antibiotic and relieves superficial blockages of nasal cavities caused by mucus. There are a number of ready to use nasal lavage kits available in pharmacies and online stores. With the help of these kits, easy and non-chemical way of dealing with nasal infections can be accessed. It should always be ensured that getting rid of indoor mold colonies is as important in priority and urgency as treating yourself or other affected individuals is. If indoor mold colonies are not cleaned up, there is high chance that mold related allergies and other symptoms that follow will recur. A number of mold clean-up guidelines and techniques have been described in the earlier parts of this articles. Any of these methods that suits given needs should be adopted to ascertain that indoor count of airborne mold spores is brought down significantly. Only in such cases will the external medical treatments will have a positive impact on the patient’s health and recurrences of mold infections and sicknesses can be avoided.
There are many species of indoor molds and not all of them are deemed to be toxic. However, certain species of mold, especially the ones classified as class A or B in terms of potential to cause health hazards, are toxic in nature. This toxicity is imparted to these mold due to chemicals that they tend to form. These chemicals are called mycotoxins. The term mycotoxin is a portmanteau formed by two words myco (Greek) meaning fungus and toxins. Mycotoxins are generally typical to various species of molds and these species can be easily identified with the existence of these characteristic mycotoxins. However, a given species of mold does not necessarily produce a single mycotoxin. Mycotoxins are mostly found in complementary groups in which one prominent mycotoxin can characterize the mold species. When compared on a toxicity to weight ratio basis, mycotoxins are some of the most toxic substances on the planet. However, since mold species do not tend to form relatively lower quantities of these, their ability to cause health hazard to humans is limited. This is not, by any means, to say that mycotoxins are not lethal. In some cases, continued exposure to mycotoxins is known to be debilitating and even fatal. To put it in the simplest of terms, mycotoxins are products of life processes of mold species – especially the metabolism processes. There are two primary categories of mycotoxins. The first, and certainly more toxic, includes mycotoxins that are formed as a result of primary metabolism processes. Primary metabolism processes for any organisms are the ones through which they carry on their life cycle. This involves procuring food, processing it, distributing energy across their cell structure and discard the non-useful substances. Primary mycotoxins are always found in higher concentrations as compared to secondary mycotoxins. Secondary mycotoxins are formed as a result of secondary metabolism and survival processes. These processes, per se, are not essential for the life cycle of mold species. The fact that secondary mycotoxins are still existent can be attributed to the added survival and defence mechanism that they impart to the mold colonies. Primary mycotoxins are, as mentioned briefly earlier, characteristic of mold species, whereas secondary mycotoxins are more or less characteristic of environment that the mold grows in. Organic matter that they are decomposing, temperature, humidity are some of the factors that can determine which secondary mycotoxins are formed in mold colonies. Many people quite naively consider mycotoxins as secondary mold structures. Mycotoxins are not organisms in themselves. They are just chemicals that molds and other fungi, intentionally and unintentionally. Mycotoxins are not specifically designed to attack competing species or more evolved organisms. In this aspect, they are quite opposite to other natural venoms and toxins like snake venom or jelly fish poison. However, it has also been observed that in more ‘threatening’ environment, the production of mycotoxins by molds increases substantially. In a way, mycotoxins are the only entities that resemble the defence mechanism of molds and yeasts. Just as mold tries to get settled in a host’s body, it has to overcome the resistance from the host’s immune system. Perhaps, this is why mycotoxins are produces in a much higher concentration in hosts’ body than outside of it. Mycotoxins have a wide array of effects on humans. These effects depend primarily upon the health of the receptor (host), concentration of mycotoxins, duration of impact and secondary factors like the potency of complementary mycotoxins formed by the same species of mold. Complex effects with contradictory symptoms can be observed in hosts if more than one species of mold comes in contact with them. In such case, it is not only difficult to identify the source of damage, it is also challenging to treat such contradictory mycotoxins in isolation. There are estimated to be thousands of mycotoxins and their variants present in nature, only a handful can be encountered in indoor environments, some of which are discussed below.
Fumonisin is a name given to the group of mycotoxins produced exclusively by mold species in the family Fusarium. As noted earlier, Fusarium molds are generally classified as class A, meaning that they have the highest potential to cause health hazards to humans who come in contact with them. This potential can solely be attributed to fumonisin. Fusarium itself is known to produce over 50 distinct types of mycotoxins that vary in chemical structures and adverse effects. All of these are generally referred to as fumonisin. Fumonisin has been known to people in almost every part of the world, on account of their widespread ability to destruct corn, wheat and barley fields. Their usual entry-point into indoor environment is through such untreated natural food products and grains. The effects of fumonisin can vary widely depending upon the conditions in which they are allowed to act. These effects, in humans, can range from mild headaches to permanent nervous problems. In pregnant women, high intake of fumonisin can result into complications in pregnancy and congenial nervous diseases, mainly neural tube defects, in the offspring. Long duration of fumonisin in human bodies is also often linked to a heightened possibility of esophageal cancer. Although these conditions are definitely alarming and serious in nature, it should be taken into account that these are not known to be common occurrences. What fumonisin can cause on a regular basis, however, is food poisoning (acute mycotoxicosis). This results from the ingestion of affected plants and vegetables. Inhalation of Fusarium mold spores is not known to cause acute mycotoxicosis. Symptoms of acute mycotoxicosis include diarrhoea, vomiting and flu-like symptoms. Dehydration follows typically during the convalescence stages.
Aflatoxin is produced by many species of Aspergillus molds. Aflatoxin is a highly potent and dangerous carcinogen. Even in as low concentrations as 0.06 ppm, aflatoxin has the potential to cause irreversible damage to human hosts. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of the United States has set the safe levels of aflatoxin in solid food products and animal feeds at 0.02 ppm while it is even lower for dairy products, at 0.0005 ppm.
T-2 group of toxins is typically produced by Fusarium family of molds. These are more potent than fumonisin group of mycotoxins. Although occurring in very low frequency, damage caused by T-2 group of toxins is often permanent. Continued exposure to these toxins can result into pulmonary hemosiderosis (bleeding of lungs). Digestive tract and liver are also at high risk from T-2 toxins. Acute internal bleeding, if not attended to in due time, can quickly result into death of the host.
Gliotoxin is considered to be a secondary mycotoxin and is produced by a number of indoor mold species, including Penicillium, aspergillum and Alternaria. Effects of gliotoxin on human bodies are temporary and receding. Weakening of immune system (auto-immune symptoms) are caused in elderly people and young children.
Sterigmatocystin is produced by Aspergillus. It is a potent carcinogen when present above threshold levels.
Vomitoxin is considered to be characteristic to most species of Fusarium that are found to thrive in indoor environment. As the name suggests, Vomitoxin can cause severe bouts of vomiting caused by dysfunctional GI operations. This invariably results into acute dehydration, leaving the host vulnerable to other conditions like depletion in the platelet number.
Citrinin is produced by Penicillium and Aspergillus mold species. This is a comparatively less toxic mycotoxin that causes temporary conditions like cough and runny nose. Prolonged exposure can trigger bronchitis like symptoms, and in rare cases bronchitis itself.
Trichothecene is one of the most potent mycotoxins. It is generally produced by Stachybotrys, spotted worldwide (known colloquially as black mold). Stachybotrys species of mold are found exclusively indoors. Interestingly, these species are not known for a good concentration of airborne mold spores. They, thus, are known to enter human body via accidental ingestion or contact.
Human immune system tries to act against every unknown body and chemical that enters the body. However, the cases can be quite complicated against mycotoxins (as can be against all toxic substances). Central immune system finds it difficult to identify mycotoxins as foreign chemicals. Many mycotoxins resemble enzymes and proteins that are regularly produced in human body by glands and organs. Furthermore, these mycotoxins are mistaken by the central immune system for useful proteins and enzymes. This makes getting rid of these chemicals by natural means all the more difficult. Mycotoxins are often circulated in the blood stream and very little percentage of their concentration is actually thrown out of the system by way of excretion.
However clichéd it may sound, the only and most effective way of acting against mycotoxins is to not allow them the opportunity to enter one’s body. Regular maintenance of the buildings and taking up precautionary measures can greatly reduce the risk of indoor mold infestations. This automatically rules out the possibility of mycotoxic interactions. Once infected, the only way to counter mycotoxins is to bind them together by means of external medication. Drugs like CSM have the ability to get attached to mycotoxins and thus allow the immune system to recognize them as foreign sets of substrates that need to be excreted.
Mold prevention is the only sure-fire way of staying away from mold infections and a hoard of diseases that follow. With enough care and regularity of maintenance, allowing no breeding ground indoors for mold species is not a herculean task. Here are a few easy tips that can help you keep your household or workplace fresh, clean and free of nasty mold colonies.
It is a common sense that there are some areas that are most likely to attract mold growth. The perpetually wet parts of a building – bathrooms, kitchen sinks, pipes, garages, basements, attics, nooks and rooftops – are, thus, most likely to have mold colonies settle on them. Identifying these problem prone areas can certainly help the overall maintenance of a building. It becomes much easier to inspect for mold if you have already marked these areas in the building.
Keeping indoor environment fresh is a vital part of overall health of a building. Stale air tends to trap moisture and mold species thrive in moist air. So, properly ventilated buildings can get past this problem with relative ease as there is no room for air to grow stale in a ventilated building. If natural ventilation is absent or not feasible, artificial HVAC units can be used. However, these units themselves tend to attract mold colonies. So, if HVAC units are installed, they should be marked for regular inspection.
In any indoor environment, there should be no stagnant water present. Stagnant water tends to increase overall humidity of the indoor environment and it presents a perfect breeding ground for a number of mold species. Of course, there are number of other algae and bacteria that tend to grow in stagnant water. If there is accidental spillage of water/watery liquids, care should be taken to dry wet areas immediately. If clothes or carpets are wet, they should either be sun dried or artificially dried (either by using drying lamps or heaters). Similarly, surface condensation inside the building (on pipes or cooler objects) should be kept in check.
Another key to keeping your house or workplace free and clear of any sort of mold infestation is to ensure that indoor air quality is high. This quality depends upon a number of factors such as temperature, humidity, ventilation, fine particles count and freshness of air. Maintaining a right balance between temperature and humidity can render indoor air quite useless for mold species, thereby blocking their growth and reproduction.
Regular maintenance of the outer surfaces of the building blocks easy access to rainwater into the building. This includes regular and times maintenance of the roofline, windows, fascias, gutters, drain pipes and balconies. If there is even a hint of moisture seepage through walls or ceiling, professional assistance should be sought to fix the relevant issues. Painting inner walls of the building with a paint with mold inhibitor additives is also a great way of preventing future mold growth.
It is very commonplace for mold spores to enter the indoor environment via garden plants. There are rotting fertilizers, leaves that haven’t been raked, damp tree trunks, wet grass and a part of the garden forever deprived of sunshine. These are very conducive places for mold to grow. Once there is mold growth in the garden, it wouldn’t take much more than a gust of wind in the right direction to bring all those airborne mold spores into the building. Hence, proper and regular maintenance of house garden is of utmost importance.
The first step towards successful clean-up of indoor mold is mold detection. It’s not always the case that mold grows quite obviously on the front facing wall of the living room. Mold often tends to grow in places that are not easily accessible and hence experience quite less human contact and maintenance. In instances where mold is not obviously noticed (visually or by smell), need for more technical methods of mold detection arises. The best way of confirming or ruling out the presence of indoor mold is by laboratory testing and sampling. That being said, it should first be understood when sampling and testing is really necessary.
When is Testing or Sampling for Mold Necessary?
These situations require sampling or testing on an urgent basis. Sampling should not take place in usual weather. Regardless of these conditions, however, most experts advise that indoor air should be tested for mold at least twice every year.
From Where should the Indoor Air be Sampled?
How should Solid/Liquid Samples be collected?
There is a certain procedure to collect visibly molded solid or liquid samples.
Adequate protective gear (described earlier) should be donned.
Approximate 1 sq. inch of solid surface with undisturbed growth of mold should be cut/scalped/trimmed/plucked/torn from the object.
Such sample should be placed in double layered and non-permeable plastic bags (preferably with zip locks).
Time, date and place of collection should be noted on this bag (preferably with a photograph).
Same procedure should be adopted for liquid. About 5 to 10 mL of molded liquid surface should suffice for testing.
This liquid sample can be stored in a plastic bottle or sampler.
Whenever possible, sampling should be left to experts. Procedures performed by non-professionals regularly allow for contamination of sample, and this results into wrong or inconclusive results that do not help the cause. Despite this, if you decide to undertake the sampling by yourself, you can use the chain of custody (COC) form available here to properly document the process of sampling. This will help the laboratory personnel to duly test the samples you have collected. A list of all the laboratories in the United States that accept indoor air and other solid/liquid samples is available here.
Besides these few authoritative resources, every state’s own health department regularly updates household mold management guidelines and indoor air quality criteria for residential and commercial buildings. To get a list of mold inspection, sampling, testing and remediation service providers in your area, any yellow pages book or website can be used. If you think you are suffering from mold related sicknesses caused by mold infestation in your workplace, you can approach your state health department for assistance.
Flood affected households or commercial buildings remain damp not only for the duration of the floods, but long after the floods have receded, as well. Persistent dampness on such a high scale is nothing but an invitation for various species of molds.
Whenever there’s a flood, buildings with basements are the first and the most to suffer. Floodwater that enters basements is very difficult to get rid of. Moreover, being underwater for days – in some cases, weeks on end – surely provides an ideal breeding ground for molds.
Everything that is stored in houses/building gets wet because of floodwaters. This includes carpets, mattresses, linens, furniture, windows, walls, food stocks, clothing – everything that mold can potentially feed on with ease!
Whenever a flood hits your house/workplace, you should be quick to react. Once everyone’s safety is accounted for, you can think about mold prevention. It takes less than a full day for mold to get settled and start growing in helpful conditions. Hence, acting swiftly is the key here.
Quite obviously, removing the floodwater should be the first step in such cases. Every technique possible – from buckets to powerful pumps – should be used to ensure that the bulk of floodwater is out of your house. Once that is done, dampness can be dealt with.
Dampness can linger around in flooded building for weeks after the floods have receded. This is a direct result of water that has been absorbed by materials in the building (walls, furniture, fabrics etc.). To get rid of this dampness, all of the affected and ruined objects should be discarded as soon as possible. This will allow the indoor air to be dryer and less helpful for mold growth.
It’s rather a difficult decision to make. However, it’s a necessary decision, and an important one in the long run. Everything that has been affected by mold after a flood should be discarded straightaway. All kinds of fabrics (carpets, linens, mattresses, curtains etc.) will never be reusable again. So, it’s wiser to part with them. Similarly, furniture that has been molded (unless it’s really expensive) should be discarded or recycled, in the least.
Floods tend to bring all sorts of unwanted things into a building. From stray shoes to sewage water and from wooden logs to even 10 ft long alligators. That’s why, it becomes necessary to thoroughly clean a flooded house with disinfectants. There are many professional service providers and cleaning companies that can take these tasks and complete theme to a high quality.
Mold clean-up should not be carried out without gloves.
For minute mold infestations on glass, respirators won’t probably be needed. However, if available they should always be used. If respirators aren’t available, simple cotton kerchief or napkin should be used to cover your nose.
Bleach or other chemicals shouldn’t be used without prior professional experience or in the company of elderly, convalescent or infants.
Even though mold is well-known for spoiling food, there are some constructive uses of mold in food processing. Some cheeses inherently contain higher concentrations of mold species that allow these cheese to age better and acquire a unique taste. Camembert and Roquefort are two examples of such cheeses. In Asian countries, a number of food products like rice and barley are half-fermented by molds to create mildly intoxicating drinks. | 2019-04-21T19:01:44Z | https://www.royalroofinginc.ca/mold/ |
Anyone who follows me on social media knows that I voted for Hillary Rodham Clinton. But I did more than vote. I spent months during the campaign as a volunteer: I made signs, helped run fundraising parties, phone banked in swing states and canvassed through the Midwest. Of the things I have done in my life thus far, this is one which fills me with pride. And I would gladly do it all again.
There is also an alternate past in 2016. A past in which I spend a day feeling a touch mopey in the “that didn’t work” sense, then order a shirt online—I had it picked out, too, a shirt with the Grateful Dead’s “Steal Your Face” logo with tufts of white hair sticking out from the skull—and get out knocking on doors and calling people again to tell people to vote for Bernie Sanders, a man whom I find as complicated as Hillary and whom I admire every bit as much.
This was not always a popular opinion online, so you might ask, why did I vote for Hillary?
If we’re shaped by our experiences and our principles, Hillary’s presidential bid this year was the culmination of a lot of things I’ve been thinking about in my adult life.
The friendships I made in college and the comics world with women who taught me about feminism gave me an emotional attachment to the idea of a female president. I’ll definitely admit that. But that alone wasn’t enough. If so, I would have been pulling for Carly Fiorina as well back in the primary days.
What appealed to me most about Hillary was the weight of experience she would bring to the role in a time when the world was getting extraordinarily complicated combined with a very center-left philosophy which fit mine exactly. My readings of history and philosophy have given me a certain distrust for politics that go too far left as well as far right, due to a constant, teetering risk of valuing ideology over people. I was and am very critical of some of Hillary’s ideas, especially in foreign policy, but her final platform, which mixed the policies she has held for most of her political life with ideas Bernie pushed for in his campaign, was one that made me happy. It was imperfect, but the primary had shown that Hillary was able to be pushed to go further in positive directions than she might have otherwise. And as I watched America splinter further apart in Obama’s second term, I felt sure that a centrist plan with something to appeal to everyone would carry the day.
Maybe not completely, because she did win the popular vote, BUT the dangers of that plan are now clear. The reaction to her attempt at building a consensus when tensions between the Democrats and Republicans, as well as tensions within the left itself, were at all time highs turned people off. Voters disappointed in Obama didn’t want such a continuation of his work, while I know there were plenty of Bernie supporters who got even more distrustful of Hillary when she courted moderates and Republicans who were repulsed by Donald Trump, and those Republicans ended up toeing the party line anyway, possibly influenced (regrettably so if true) by her vocally calling out the racism present in Donald’s campaign.
What I should have thought than is that an America so terribly divided was going to welcome slightly more dramatic and big ideas, and Hillary’s platform, which I praise for being so thoughtful and far-ranging, never found that big, dramatic hook. As much as I believe in the idea of “stronger together,” and I do, there was very little chance it was going to resonate in a nation where so many face economic and racial disadvantage despite her best efforts. And this was combined with Hillary’s fundamental assumption that there were too many Americans who would not vote for Donald Trump, which led the campaign, especially in the online rhetoric, to stress “Donald Trump is going to be a disaster” as opposed to “here’s how my plans will work for you” when the qualities in the former message were why so many people did want to vote for him.
This misreading of the political climate was accompanied by a period of my life that I deeply regret. There were a few weeks during the primaries when I got more vitriolic and argumentative than I ever have before and pushed back too much against friends of mine and friends of friends who supported Bernie. This is deeply distressing to me now because I have always been the sort who respects others’ opinions even when we disagree…and now I was charging into debate with people whom I fundamentally agreed with on everything important. I was not a pleasant person for a while, and I need to apologize for that. I confused the behavior of certain Bernie supporters (because I did have friends who were all for Hillary who got more harassment and death threats from Bernie’s supporters than Donald’s) with the man himself, and worse, with people who would never have acted like that certain group did in a million years. And in these arguments, instead of defending Hillary’s policies, I went on an attack more often than not (a similar mistake I made during the general election). Considering the Bernie/Hillary divide is still raging, I think I was wrong to have gone against my own usual instincts to press back so hard and make a small contribution to this divide. For that, I am sorry.
I will go to my grave believing Hillary Clinton would have been a damned good president in a tumultuous world. Maybe not great, but certainly a steady hand in an uncertain situation. I will not deny that she had her flaws, including a propensity to do things that were going to look bad later on—the Goldman Sachs speeches and the private server to name just two—from what I can only assume was a conviction on her part that such things didn’t matter, when the reality is every single thing you do matters when you’re running for public office. But how those could be weighed against all the good she did and attempted to do in her life, especially compared to Donald Trump, will always be beyond me.
Yes, her campaign made mistakes, but if she had won, then would we have cared? And all of those mistakes seemed justified at the time. Not only the centrism of trying to assemble a big tent against Donald. Laying low in August and raising money for the final push felt justified at the time—there were people on the left who didn’t want to be seeing lots of Hillary and she might have felt, given her relative unpopularity, that letting others speak for her would work, and she also may have expected that Donald’s behavior would cause the press and the GOP to hang him out to dry. This of course did not happen. And when all the polls in the final stretch showed her with relatively solid leads in Michigan and Wisconsin, it made sense to try to throw everything into the bigger territory of Pennsylvania and Florida and inch ahead in Ohio.
Now, of course, I wish I could go back to July and say to Hillary “Hey, if you do these few things differently, you’re going to win.” But that is 20/20 hindsight. (Which, yes, will be a great slogan for the next presidential campaign.) With that said, I feel like I need to address the $64,000 question.
This argument got majorly restarted during the holiday season after all the post-mortems of the campaign had been written. My twitter feed of late has been Bernie and Hillary advocates playing endless “Rabbit Season! Duck Season” and being absolutely certain in their positions that Bernie Sanders would or would not have become president.
I think Bernie might have won…but I will never be able to say that for certain.
In my opinion, Bernie had two significant game-changing qualities compared to Hillary. First, obviously, with Bernie we never get the James Comey situation. Nate Silver’s analysis showed that it was only in the last ten days, the period Comey released his two letters, when the polls made their final and irreversible break.
Second, I’ve done a lot of thinking, as hinted above, about Bernie and Hillary’s rhetoric. Yes, Bernie could act like your grandfather who wags his finger at you, but there was a particular emotion and conviction in what he said that got people to flock to him. I’m stealing this again from Chris Baugh, but he put it best one day: that it didn’t matter what exactly Bernie’s plans were to get things done. People believed he meant to get them done. And that matters. Hillary, in contrast, is a policy wonk who gets into the weeds of things and dives more into reason as opposed to emotion…and after seeing many of her speeches and the debates, I am convinced she is on the Asperger’s spectrum. These are admirable qualities, and great for a leader who needs to handle hundreds of things a day, but when you’re on an actual campaign you’re more drawn to someone who builds a grand emotional appeal. Bernie and Hillary both believed in their message, but for so many in my generation Bernie carried something extra. When even my libertarian relatives who hate socialism said to me “at least Bernie’s honest,” I should have known that was going to carry weight.
So I think that if things had played out with that strength above carrying the day, Bernie would have won an election against Donald…but when I dive into the weeds myself, there are so many variables. Bernie and Hillary never ran negative ads against each other—what happens when the Republicans turn up the attack on Bernie, especially considering how easy Donald got off with media? Do angry Democratic loyalists not vote for Bernie, seeing him rightly or wrongly as an outsider who joined the party for a grab at power? Does Bernie’s rhetoric end up turning off undecided voters who don’t like the idea of being given more from the government? (As one of my coworkers put it, so many people hate Obamacare, so why would they have gone for NEW universal health care or free college?) Hillary won black voters by 30 points in the primary and Hispanic voters by 25 points…do they get turned off by Bernie? Does Bernie’s untested campaign have the national success Obama had in 2008 or founder? Because again, the way I’d like to go back to July and give Hillary advice, I’d like to go back to June 2015 and tell Bernie “Hey, do these things, and you win, or at the very least you make the primary close enough for a challenge!” Because this needs to be repeated: Debbie Wasserman Schulz was a jerk to Bernie, but Hillary beat him by twenty times the margin Obama beat her by in 2008. If you’re going to rig something, it’s not going to get rigged that majorly.
And then, going back to my earlier points about how divided this country is, I never saw this election as a sure thing for anyone. I never bought into polls—and worked hard for that reason—because even before Donald locked the nomination, I was saying to people “Hillary and Bernie are going to have equal chances to win and lose not because of their own merits but because this nation is so split.” Only one person believed me. And when I see that the state candidates and propositions that were closest to Bernie’s platform not only lost but underperformed Hillary’s performances, I feel a bit more sure of that assessment.
Which is all to say that while Bernie definitely had some unique strengths, I am not prepared to say yes, he would have won.
Bernie Sanders is in a strange position. He immediately returned to Independent status after the primaries, but since the election he’s been continually giving interviews criticizing the Democratic Party and basically telling them what they need to do. This may be hard to swallow but…Hillary supporters, just because he’s no longer a Democrat doesn’t mean everything he says is wrong, and Bernie supporters, don’t be surprised if a rebuilding Democratic Party doesn’t want to take advice from a non-Democrat.
My point is that in trying to make the pendulum swing away from Trumpism, Bernie and Hillary have given us a foundation. I am seeing a future for the Democratic Party and the American Left more clearly than ever: a mixture of keeping up the stirring rhetoric of economic equality with a doubling down on fighting for the rights of others…because let’s be clear, neither Hillary nor Bernie talked enough about voter suppression, and in this first presidential election without the full VRA in place, it showed.
This vision may now lean more into Bernie’s point of view because something in that POV did fire up younger Americans…and if we’re going to be honest, the baby boomers are starting to die and a new foundation is being built for ideas. It has always been a principle of mine to try to do the greatest good for the greatest number, and at this moment it seems this is how you accomplish that.
And right now there are people in the Democratic Party who are showing me their commitment to keep up this fight. Elizabeth Warren, Cory Booker, Julian Castro, Kamala Harris, and especially at the moment, Keith Ellison and Tom Perez, two excellent men whose commitments to getting out the vote and working for the lower and middle classes are deeply impressing me.
I want to make this point because in Ellison and Perez, I am seeing the Bernie/Hillary debate start up again. This is not useful. I actually prefer Ellison a smidge, but either of them are going to get me off my feet for working.
Because that’s where I’m going from here. In 2016, I made a resolution to quit simply sharing articles online and get on my feet and moving, volunteering for causes I believe in. This was one of the best and most fulfilling decisions I’ve made, and I’m aiming to step up that action in 2017. I want to help the Democrats get ready for local elections here and elsewhere, as 2018 is going to be ABSOLUTELY CRUCIAL. When groups like the Democratic Socialists of America present legislation and action I support, I want to help with that as well. And many wiser people than I have said words to this effect: do not spread yourself thin. If you try to fight every battle, you lose. If, on the other hand, all of us pick a cause to get behind that doesn’t involve a political party and work for that cause, we’re going to get a great deal done.
And the final part of this is…I’m going offline politically more than ever to do this.
This is where I’m going to be at my most fiercely opinionated, but it needs to be said. I regretted above the arguments I got into online, and part of that regret comes from my knowing that I never changed anyone’s mind by arguing and no one changed mine…the revolutions in thought I had were all strictly by the example of others who weren’t trying to argue. I’m not going to be completely offline in political matters…I will share information and events, and will always take private messages…but I have discovered that the energy I expound in fruitless dialogue could be better served elsewhere.
Because I have found that online is where the people I agree with so much, be they Bernie or Hillary supporters, show off the sides that turn me off the most.
There are people whose self-righteous conviction in their being correct is so strong they hold everyone to purity tests and refuse to be challenged. I am incredibly wary of joining any groups such people are part of because I would feel I couldn’t speak freely lest I be purged myself. Right now, we’re facing a great uncertainty and I want to be open to allies anywhere I can find them; self-righteousness in a time like this is self-defeating.
Others can, in defense of their absolutes, engage in quiet, sometimes inadvertent racist or sexist thoughts, not as strong as those on the right wing but strong nonetheless, and they will laugh off or lash out against attempts to point this out.
There are people who respond to criticism with long screeds about how they’re misunderstood instead of engaging.
And finally, there are people who continually talk about carrying out progressive action in the most self-promoting terms imaginable, who talk incessantly about what they do and by extension what you should be doing, and how the potential dangers we face will affect them. This particularly hits me the wrong way because I see it as a self-promoting and aggrandizing act as opposed to leadership…because this year, I have seen among my friends who worked for Hillary and Bernie and other causes what real leadership is. These people do not continually talk about what they do online and offer heavy, imperative advice. They simply get out and do things and foster communities and think about people whose problems they may never experience and whose points of view are so different from theirs.
I am not a leader. I am a straight, white, Christian man—someone who will be affected by Donald the least—who is signing up as a foot soldier to serve under people who understand what needs to be fixed more than I ever will, and I am happy to serve and to have my mind changed more if need be.
To do so, the energy I spend in political debate online has to be channeled elsewhere, and this site in particular will return to musings on writing and good comics…because I have a lot of said musings, and in these times we all need good art and the power it gives us more than ever.
I cried for a bit the day after the election and some of my friends and family asked why; it was not for myself but for all the people I care about whose lives now faced potentially drastic loss.
That did not last long, because I knew my tears were not going to help anyone, and that somewhere out there people I did want to help were already organizing. It’s time for me to join that fight again.
But this is only my way. We all have to go our own ways towards building the better future we need…and I am not unaware that I’ve written a lot on this subject. But if there is something in here that helps someone, I will be glad. And if you read it and reject it, I will be glad as well…because we need people who think for themselves more than ever.
The road ahead is not going to be easy. There will be losses. But I firmly believe the pendulum will swing again because I know too many good people fighting so hard…and I hope to live up to that example. | 2019-04-23T06:15:21Z | https://andrewrostan.com/2016/12/31/goodbye-to-all-that-and-hello-to-2017/ |
Bought the Surface Pro 3 to replace a Dell laptop. I am a road warrior and weight, functionality and ease of use are paramount. Did a fair amount of research before pulling the trigger and there was a lot of mixed reviews as to whether it would accomplish that purpose. For me (I am not a power user) it HAS replaced my laptop. I use the system mainly for Word, Power Point, Excel, Surfing, and E-mail and this unit does those functions quite well. Things I like: One Note and Stylus - better than my Ipad stylus. I have a similar app on my Ipad, but One Note seems to have a little more functionality. Screen - Very Nice Touch Screen - I like the ability to use touch or keyboard depending on what I am doing. Build Quality - unit seems well built and sturdy (not heavy). Nice change from the laptop Charger - I like the compact nature of the charger - the two prong plug for international travel is also nice. Fast Boot - no comparison to my older laptop. Still don't know that it is as fast as my Ipad, but it is close. Desktop function - I like being able to go to a UI that is familiar Docking station - Nice - good design Speakers - Solid. Much better than my old laptop Things I think are marginal: Battery life - Solid, but not great. Temperature - Unit also seems to run hot Fan - When it kicks in, is pretty loud. Windows 8.1 - Not as intuitive as IOS and not as stable as NT. Some functions don't seem to work like they did in NT and it just so happens those are some of my favorite functions. Keyboard - Jury is still out on the keyboard. It does some funny/annoying things sometimes and the feel is not as nice as my laptop keys, but that is to be expected at some level. USB ports - I carry a small multiport USB hub with me for hooking in multiple devices. WiFi - The WiFi on this device seems to be a little marginal, but I am pretty sure that is a Win 8.1 issue, not a device issue (although obviously separating the two is not really feasible) I have officially retired the laptop and now the Surface Pro 3 travels with me exclusively. My biggest complaint revolves around 8.1, not the device itself, but then I think issues with 8.1 are well documented and you know what you are getting when you buy the device. Would I recommend it - Yes. I am not sure at what "level" of user it wouldn't serve its function. I would say for the vast majority of people who use a computer like I do, it is a good choice and will replace your laptop.
I have read a lot of reviews before I bought my docking station from Best Buy. Most of them are excellent, only find out when I got it, the mini display port didn't work. I had called Best Buy.com explain the problem and was told to exchange the docking station. No problem, I went to the store the next day and exchanged it, hoping just that one I received was a defective product. That night, put the whole thing together, same problem, the mini display port didn't work and it didn't charge my device when docking. So frustrated, called Best Buy store this time, told me to go in and exchange another one, 2 in a row didn't work, doesn't make sense. Ask about anything they know about the product, no they don't. Finally, gave up on Best Buy and check Microsoft.com support. Only found out, this is very common issue on the docking station, all I need to do is to update the firmware on the system, but the device needed to be placed on the docking station when updating. After couple hours on the system update, everything works perfectly now. One more tips, the device has to be more than 50% charged battery, otherwise, the update won't start, I suggest to charge up the device 100% before starting the process. Hope this review can help someone else to set up the station easier. If I had know what to do at the beginning to set it up, it will get 5 stairs.
My first Dock I returned because the mini Display Port in the Dock was loose and only made intermittent connection. The replacement has worked very, very well. I'm running two large external monitors through that one port (with a "splitter" device I bought separately), and a host of other USB peripherals. I also use a BT keyboard and wireless mouse when using the Dock. It all works very well. I just drop my SP3 in the slot, slide the side-holders inward and boot it up. Reverse that to take my SP3 with me when I leave. One thing to keep in mind with the Dock is that it is different from a USB hub. With a USB hub the signal from the SP3 goes through your USB 3 port and as such is subject in performance to the demand on the SP3's CPU. The Dock sends its signals through the SP3's charging port and thus uses mostly the GPU thus not being dependent on the varying load on the CPU as with USB hubs. Using the dock allows you a more even performance experience while providing a number of USB 3 and USB 2 ports in addition to the mini Display Port mentioned above. It also charges your SP3 while it's docked...a very NICE piece of equipment!
We use two surface pro's to run a startup medical practice. After using them to set up the business and now to run it for a week, I'm very pleased with our choice. The docking station works great, we initially bought just one but added another when we saw how much we used it and how well it works. Not five stars for a couple of reasons: It has a magnetic holder for your Bluetooth pen which is handy except it is on the left side of the dock. One of us is left handed and loves it, but for me it gets old having to reach across to grab the pen every time. Second is that the tablet can easily rest in the dock and click into place without being all the way in the dock. This just takes some getting used to but it should be a lot smoother and intuitive. I have left my surface docked and "clicked in" thinking it was recharging when I did not have it all the way in the dock. There is an indicator LED on the dock that let's you know when you are all the way in so just use that to make sure each time till you get a feel for it. In spite of this I would not want to give up my dock. Perhaps I will purchase another to keep at home.If you will use your Surface at a desk you definitely want to get one.
I have always been very critical of the claims that a tablet can replace a laptop as in most cases this required to use a remote server/PC and the tablet was more like a remote terminal than the laptop it pretended to be. I have tested a number of those wannabees and even the original surface was in that category. But the Surface 3 is a different animal and Microsoft finally got it right with this unit. We tested the i5 and i7 version and both are very capable of replacing the laptop. Make sure you do purchase the type cover keyboard however if you do replace a laptop. In the corporate environment having a hardwired connection and the same necessities as a laptop still apply and this docking station does fill that need very efficiently. It works better than the older USB connected docking stations and it charges your Surface at the same time and for those crunching days being able to use a full keyboard and a mouse help a lot.
The docking station is very well made, sturdy, and follows the design and characteristics of the Surface itself. First, the design. The angles compliment the Surface Pro 3. Everything about the docking station gives it a professional look and feel. It looks great sitting on the desk (and by the way, is one of the few docking stations I have actually put on my desk). I tend to put docking stations and laptops out of the way and out of sight. But being able to use the Surface Pro 3's touchscreen and writing capabilities made me want to keep it in sight. The only part you want to hide are the cables, but some straps or other methods can easily take care of that for you. The "catch and release" of the docking station is great. Slide the Surface Pro 3 down on the dock. There is a lip on the bottom of the dock that catches the device. Then slide the sides of the dock in and you are set. No need to plug in additional cables. With the dock closed against the Surface Pro 3, it is firmly in place. The type cover can then be lowered and used.
1. Be sure that you download all Microsoft Windows 8.0 and 8.1 updates before you try using the docking station. Otherwise, the Surface Pro 3 will not turn on when you press the power button while it's in the docking station. 2. The Mini DisplayPort video output connector is built on a strange angle, which means that you will have to either buy Microsoft's adapter or take a knife to trim off part of the edge of the plastic from another adapter manufacturer. Note that the same situation holds true for the video output port on the Surface 3 itself. I bought a Belkin Mini Display Port to HDMI Adapter, trimmed the edge of the rubber housing so that it set at the correct angle, and it worked fine. I just don't want to have to buy into a system where I have to buy all accessories from a single manufacturer.
I bought my i5 Surface Pro 3 for a couple of reasons: Primarily, I needed a new computer for school. Secondly, I wanted a computer strong enough for some low-key games like League of Legends. The Surface Pro 3 does great for both of these purposes! It also works well with the docking station and my TV to stream my shows/sports. I only knocked off a star from my review because it has had a worryingly high frequency of issue that I have had to trouble shoot. I have to tweak with my device settings to adjust the frequency for my WiFi settings every time I go somewhere new. I have also had the issue of crucial apps, like OneNote, crash temporarily, and without warning. Finally (and this isn't my whole list, just the highlights), I have recently had to troubleshoot an issue where my battery drained in less than 2 hours. Overall, it has been a good purchase, but I wish I felt more assured of the hardware holding up.
Vastly better than individual attachments!
The Surface Pro 3 docking station really allows you to take the tablet pro. With only the addition of the monitor attachment, you can convert the fantastic tablet to a desktop unit. It contains extra ports for multiple 2.0 and 3.0 USB drives, charges your Surface Pro 3, and eliminates the need for multiple attachments. When I shopped for this docking station, I considered the multiple attachments and wires that I would need if I ever intended to use the Surface Pro 3 as my main computer, eliminating my desktop and laptop. The docking station makes that decision easy, and with the extra ports, even allows for the use of an expanded keyboard for the serious Office user. Its price was easily justified, as it replaced the many attachments and cables which would be necessary in its place.
First of all, the instructions (or lack thereof) were not intuitive enough to show that the sides pull out in order to dock the SP3. I personally like more than a picture with arrows so one more sentence like "Pull sides outward, insert SP3 and push sides back inward to engage." The number of ports and their placement is good and it sits at a good angle. One BIG complaint is the keyboard will not slide under the dock to engage without lifting the dock. It's about 1 mm too close. If you dock with the keyboard attached it works great, but attaching it after the fact is less well designed. It still allows for both flat and angled positions of the keyboard which is good. Mostly I like that it is such a small footprint on the desk yet very stable and all the connections are in the back.
First, if you're thinking desktop replacement, you'll need the docking station. It allows you to connect 2 additional external monitors and still use the SP3 screen. It small, well designed, and solid. However, here's my wish-list: 1. Make it so the SP3 screen can still tilt even when in the docking station. 2. Provide a switch to turn of f power/charging to the SP3 even when docked. It's important to let laptop batteries run down and NOT have the plugged in all the time (reduces battery life). Can't simply unplug the docking station because then the devices connected to the docking station no longer work. 3. Would love to have a cable that allows the keyboard to be semi-detached from the SP3 itself. All that said, it's worth the price.
I have used PCs throughout my entire career and what I liked about business class laptops, especially over Macs, was that native docking stations were available. This dock is easy to setup, takes hardly any space, and keeps your devices at the ready because they are always connected, With my setup, I have a 24" Dell Monitor, a illuminated wired Logitech keyboard, and a rechargeable Logitech mouse. I am hard wired to the ethernet and have a mDP and USB running to the monitor. Every time I dock my Surface, everything just connects and I am ready to go. My friend with her MacBook Pro just looks on with envy as she tells me how she has to manually connect all her cables. Ahhh... the elegance of a PC. Besides that, this is a quality build. Microsoft is truly putting out some high end hardware these days.
This docking station is a GREAT part of my overall MSSP3 "system." To be able to have all my peripheral devices waiting for this portable PC to instantly transform itself into an acceptably powerful desktop replacement whenever I am at home is convenience and functionality personified. I think MS should offer ALL of the various accessories in heavily discounted "bundles" that traditionally full-featured laptop or desktop systems (as we have come to know them over the last 8-10 years) possess right from the get-go, so besides the pen & keyboard/cover this should be bundled as well. I can't give it 5 stars when it is so expensive, but the convenience of such a convertible system is the attraction for me as an average everyday PC user who wants a single do-all machine.
I have purchased 2 of these docks, 1 for home and 1 for business. The dock works as advertised and display port and USB 3.0 connections work great as advertised. The left side is magnetic to hold the pen. The dock also comes with it's own ac adaptor so now you a have adaptor to travel with. I find the screen of Surface Pro 3 to be at the optimum viewing angle while in the dock. The only slight gripe, sliding Surface Pro 3 into the dock is a little fussy. Make sure the blue led comes on because while it seems the computer is docked, it actually is not so your are using your battery. This is the only dock made for the Surface Pro 3 and hope that it may still work with the pending release of the Surface Pro 4. But we can leave that for a future review.
I bought the surface pro 3 dock to finally get down to ONE computer - no more workstation at home and a laptop for the road. Combining the surface pro dock with the Targus USB 3 dock, I can easily have my home setup with multiple big screens, local storage (for local backups) and wired LAN (for greater than WIFI speeds) in one simple package. When it's time to go on the road, I only need to "pop out" the surface pro and my data is with me in a tablet/laptop. Upon my return, I just drop it into the surface pro dock again and avoid dealing with any cables, dongles or power adapters. Works great, I love it. With this setup I get three monitors working when I'm home which is great for multi-tasking!
If you have a Surface 3, you'll want one of these!
I got one of these for my Surface Pro and it worked great and made desktop use and charging easily manageable. Then I got my Surface 3 and I had to order the new dock that works with the Surface Pro 3. The difference is that it has more USB 3.0 ports, and it is a bit larger to hold the Surface Pro 3. Too bad that the Surface Pro 2 dock was not compatible with the Pro 3, but still, for productivity sake, you'll want the docking station. The best part is that you can keep the Surface charge without having to worry about the magnetic charge from accidentally falling off - not a problem with the dock. It's easy to dock and easy to undock and go. It's worth the cost in the long run. Enjoy.
Not too much thrilling about the dock, but it functions as described. It has 2x USB 2.0, 3x USB 3.0, mini DisplayPort, Gigabit, a single 3.5mm audio port for a headset (with mic) or speaker. It also has a magnet on the left to hold the stylus. The things I do wish it had were: - adjustable angle - additional video port (HDMI or another DisplayPort) - smaller profile (which would be possible if the dock could adjust angles to fully flat (to make it more portable) - same power connector as the Surface one -- it uses a different connector, so they are not interchangeable. Other than that, it's a very capable dock.
The docking station improves the surface pro 3 experience. There are many devices on my wireless network that can consume a lot of bandwidth. The docking station allows me to utilize the same networked devices via a wired connection which provides a faster connection without slowing any already connected wireless devices. Users should be patient with using the docking station as it may take a few attempts for inexperienced tech users to get the docking station to work fully with the surface pro 3. I recommend seeking assistance if you can't get the docking station to work. Up to date drivers and Microsoft updates are key. | 2019-04-23T06:40:54Z | https://www.bestbuy.com/site/reviews/microsoft-surface-pro-3-docking-station-black/7524004 |
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Today's responses are contributed by educators Pia LIndquist Wong, Rufus Thompson, Gail L. Thompson, Yvette Jackson, Veronica McDermott, Karen Baptiste, Joseph F. Johnson, Jr., Cynthia L. Uline, and Lynne G. Perez.
You can also listen to a ten-minute conversation I had with Pia, Yvette and Karen on my BAM! Radio Show. In addition, you might want to check out previous shows that have covered the same topic -- one with Angel Cintron and Paul Bruno and the other with Barnett Berry and Ilana Garon.
These schools are often severely under-resourced, especially in the "resources" that matter like effective leadership, collaborative and productive teams of smart- and hard-working teachers in it for the long haul, appropriate materials (especially when so many materials are mass-produced and created for a more White and affluent context), adequate, flexible and responsive programming (from courses offered to enrichment programs to supplemental/remedial programs). They often exist in highly politicized urban districts where decision-making is fractious and policy-makers prioritize other goals above the intellectual, social and emotional needs of students. In this setting, most teachers will work hard just to survive; they will quickly leave for places where they have a higher likelihood of thriving.
Teachers in urban schools daily encounter students who are under-prepared, students who appear to be uninterested in their own development and future, contentious relationships between school personnel and families/community members, etc. Having neither a nuanced understanding of the historical and political factors that produced "a" above, nor a deep appreciation of identity formation, multiculturalism and diversity, teachers can easily frame these serious issues as the result of individual deficits and defects, shaped by family dysfunctions rather than as expressions of the basic inequities, inequalities and power dynamics of a post-industrial, capitalist economy. With these assumptions in play, many teachers in high poverty urban schools struggle to develop relationships with their students and to respect, understand, empathize with and/or believe in them. When these connections are not present, teachers will seek them elsewhere.
Work on the pipeline of new teachers: create robust, articulated pathways between urban schools (middle and high schools especially) and undergraduate and teacher preparation programs. These sectors need to be in continual dialogue so that they are mutually supporting. We need more graduates of urban schools - from all cultural and language groups - returning to teach in them. For those unfamiliar with urban realities, we need to offer extensive, varied, and well-guided/well-structured experiences in urban schools so that they feel comfortable in these settings and so that they can develop a more sophisticated understanding of their complexities and how to operate successfully within them.
1. Make personnel decisions that recognize schools as communities and ecological systems where each member and his/her assets must be tailored to the needs of each site and the other members of that community.
2. Give teams of educators the appropriate resources to support successful collaboration, effective innovation and investments of professional time, energy and expertise geared towards on-going student success (coming to school, staying in school, being engaged in school activities, taking challenging courses, earning respectable grades).
3. Select programs wisely, implement them carefully, measure them using appropriate metrics and timelines, and study them to see if they are working. Stay the course if something is successful, study it so the reasons for its success can be replicated.
Advocate for broad based partnerships that bring educational resources together with the other resources/conditions needed for healthy youth development - physical and mental health care, stable housing, safe/non-violent communities, and workforce/internship experiences.
There are two main reasons why teachers avoid or leave urban and high-poverty public schools. First, although they have high hopes and are optimistic when they enter the teaching profession, many teachers quickly become overwhelmed by the realities they face. Second, many teacher training programs fail to adequately prepare teachers in key areas that would, undoubtedly, improve their teaching experiences. Results from the recently published "Teacher Confidence Study" (TC Study), offer clues about these specific areas.
In the TC Study, which we described in "Yes, You Can! Advice for Teachers Who Want a Great Start and a Great Finish With Their Students of Color," 293 K-12 teachers rated their levels of confidence about numerous teaching-related topics. The five areas where teachers were most likely to lack confidence pertained to (1) students' race, (2) students' academic skills, (3) parents' race, (4) parents' language skills, and (5) classroom management.
In terms of race, teachers were less likely to state that they were "very confident" about their ability to effectively teach African American students, especially African American males, than any other racial or ethnic group of students. Similarly, they were less likely to feel "very confident" about working with African American parents than any other racial or ethnic group of parents, but when race was excluded, English Language Learner (ELL) parents constituted the group with whom teachers were least confident about working. Furthermore, only 40% of the teachers stated that they were "very confident" about working with students who have poor math skills, only 36% rated themselves as "very confident" about working effectively with struggling readers, and only 43% rated themselves as being "very confident" about their classroom management skills.
These results suggest that teacher preparation programs and professional development providers can boost teachers' confidence, and consequently, their teaching efficacy, by targeting these areas. In the current high-stakes testing and standards-focused era, "race" and the educational needs of historically under-served students, such as African Americans, Latinos, and low-income students are often minimized or ignored through a "one-size fits all" curriculum model. Nevertheless, for decades, researchers have emphasized that a culturally relevant curriculum is necessary and can benefit all students, including Whites. Therefore, today, in order to close achievement gaps and empower teachers, equipping them with culturally-relevant-standards-based reading and math strategies is crucial.
Teachers also need specific training in strengthening their relations with parents, especially African American and ELL parents. In terms of communicating with ELL parents, teachers can learn to use translators, online translation programs, and learn basic words and phrases in the parents' language. However, improving their relations with African American parents and also African American students will require (1) a fundamental mindset change for teachers that results in an examination and eradication of negative stereotypes, (2) the realization that most African American parents and their children value a good education, and (3) a commitment to treat these parents and students as respectfully and with the same high expectations that they have for White middle-class students.
Finally, teachers need classroom management strategies that will enable them to develop strong, positive relationships with students; learn the differences between major versus minor misbehavior; respond appropriately to student disrespect, disruptions, apathy, and failure to follow class rules; explore other discipline options besides sending students to the office; and most important, to create a classroom management plan that allows teachers to spend the majority of class time on instruction.
When individuals who train prospective teachers and professional development providers devote more time to equipping teachers with strong classroom management skills and additional information, skills, and strategies that will help them work more effectively with the students of color who are most likely to underachieve and be labeled as "discipline problems," with students who struggle with reading and/or math, and with African American and ELL parents, undoubtedly, fewer teachers will avoid or leave urban and low-income public schools.
Teachers don't leave high poverty urban districts; they are exiled, like many of their students. To be exiled means to be sent from your place of belonging. Teachers and students belong in school, reaping the reciprocal joy of discovery, the emotional high of building competence and confidence, the pleasure of pushing each other to the frontiers of their intelligence.
Teachers aspire to make a difference. Urban teachers are often systematically denied the stimulation, excitement and reward that comes from learning and teaching in a sanction free, monitor free, and stress free environment. The result: they leave in disappointed, disillusioned droves. Some cast these educational exiles as burned out, a term suggestive of personal failing. Instead, we believe they are burned by a system that has failed them - and their students. Every time an idealistic, enthusiastic, caring teacher flees the system for self-preservation, the system has committed another crime of squandered potential.
The crime of squandered potential can be eradicated. Fearless leadership helps.
Fearless leaders choose to be fearless. They work with others to mutually rekindle the passion that brought them to education in the first place, and to loudly and boldly rewrite with their students and families the delimiting and deficit-laden narrative that has been written about them. Like architects, they redesign the narrative and rebuild the spirit, highlighting the unseen innate intellectual potential and strengths of their students, teachers and communities.
Like a soul friend, who knows you better than yourself, they explain with clarity and precision the debilitating and soul shattering effects of poverty, constant stress, and an unrelenting litany of negativity. They speak out about policies that strip hope, optimism and opportunity from the learning experiences of students who are made to feel school dependent. Like muses, they deliberately, unabashedly and persistently support each other to set as their intention the foundational principles and motivating beliefs of the Pedagogy of Confidence®, the fearless expectation and support for all students to achieve high intellectual performance (HIP). Fearless leaders are ministers, or go betweens. They provide what is necessary for teachers to employ transformative High Operational Practices. These HOPs enable teachers to mediate from strengths, to affirm belief in the capacity of their students for high intellectual performance, and to develop skills for students to demonstrate high performance and achieve personal agency.
With affirming, inspiring, mediating leadership, schools co-create an oasis where students and teachers aim for HIP, employ consistent High Operational Practices, and live and learn in an environment of hope. HIP HOP HOPE- the antidote to being exiled.
Once upon a time, we prepared scholars from K-12; we now prepare them from cradle to career. While some districts have embraced this evolution and provided adequate training and resources, others continue to argue their plight, resulting in high teacher turn-over and burn out rates.
1. Lack of social-emotional services: There has been a significant increase in the suspension rates for African American and Hispanic males. Where are the restorative practices to break the vicious school to prison pipeline? Unfortunately, high poverty schools lack high-quality wraparound services in the form of medical care, mental health and nutrition - schools that offer these and other community services that address the whole child fare better.
Some of the controversial policies that have been created, such as No Child Left Behind, still have residual effects of students being left behind more than ever. Over the last century, our country has failed to address federal policies that have manifested into deep seeded issues of institutionalized racism that has ultimately affected the advancement of Black and Latino males. For example, UCLA conducted a nationwide study that reported 24 percent of black males at the secondary school level were suspended during the 2009-2010 school year, at least once, compared to seven percent of white students. Another study in 2013 conducted by researchers at Johns Hopkins University found that scholars who were suspended in ninth grade lowered their chances of graduating by 20 percent.
2. Sparse resources: With decades-old policy and practices in place, educators struggle with effectively implementing research-based, 21st century learning. Teachers in high poverty schools leave the profession because financial resources are dwindling as mandates and blame increase. Leaders have to be innovative, flexible, and implement a sustainable vision. We know that schools have to do more with less, and this can be done through partnerships with businesses, successful schools, and educational institutions; grant applications; and most importantly, creating a community of trust, respect and support.
3. Parental accountability: The old adage, "It takes a village to raise a child" goes a long way, especially in struggling schools. Research shows that schools with high failure rates also have low parental involvement. Educators must find ways to account for parents' varying schedules - many of whom may hold multiple jobs - and meet with them to discuss their child's progress and how the parent can get involved in the learning and planning process. Some examples may be sending newsletters home in the parents' native language or having parent-led multicultural events.
4. Adequate professional learning: In some schools and districts, professional learning has become a time for teachers to gather to hear announcements, grade papers, or discuss disruptive scholars. Professional learning should be sacred time set aside where educators come together to share best practices and receive training that is designed around adult-learning principles and differentiated to their needs where they receive ongoing follow-up.
5. Support for teachers: The U.S. Department of Education reported that 40-60% of teachers don't feel appreciated. Although school leaders are under pressure to produce results, it's their obligation to encourage, build capacity and include teachers in the decision-making process. Teachers want to feel supported, heard, and provided with resources and training necessary to do the job. In failing schools, the blame is usually placed on teachers for not teaching enough, or not planning lessons that are rigorous enough. School leaders must create ways to support teachers in and outside the school building through professional learning communities where teachers are encouraged, involved, and most of all, empowered.
The National Center for Urban School Transformation (NCUST) has identified some (albeit few) high-achieving schools that serve low-income communities where teachers rarely leave. Often these impressive schools are in the same districts, with the same salary schedules, school board policies, crime rates, and other community challenges as schools with rapidly revolving personnel doors. So perhaps, the question, "Why do teachers leave high-poverty schools?" can best be answered by considering, "Why do teachers in some high-poverty schools choose to stay?"
NCUST has found that teachers in high-performing urban schools share a sense of accomplishment. Regularly school leaders acknowledge and celebrate the large and small learning gains they help students achieve. In contrast, often in more typical schools, large and small gains go unnoticed. The only news is bad news, and teachers perceive little evidence that their substantial efforts make a difference.
Also, in high-performing urban schools, we've found a wonderful team spirit among educators. Teachers are less likely to feel like they are independent contractors who must struggle to survive on their own. Instead, they benefit from rich collaborations that help them plan, solve pedagogical problems, and learn from each other. Teacher turnover is low, in part, because teachers perceive that they are members of a powerful team that is likely to make a positive difference for students.
Relatedly, in high-performing urban schools, teachers feel like they have strong support from their administrators and colleagues. Even though leaders in these schools have high expectations for teachers, leaders also expect themselves to create a learning culture in which teachers believe they have a strong likelihood of success.
Paul Batalden, a Dartmouth professor, has said, "Every system is perfectly designed to achieve the results it gets." In high-performing urban schools, systems are structured so that teachers feel a sense of mission, belonging, and accomplishment.. Leaders ensure that teachers receive high quality support through the many challenges associated with urban education. With this quality of systemic support, teachers stay. How can we help make sure that all urban schools are similarly designed to achieve high teacher retention rates?
Thanks to Pia, Rufus, Gail, Yvette, Veronica, Karen, Joseph, Cynthia, and Lynne for their contributions!
Please feel free to leave a comment your reactions to the topic or directly to anything that has been said in this post. I'll be including comments from readers in my next post. | 2019-04-20T06:32:47Z | https://blogs.edweek.org/teachers/classroom_qa_with_larry_ferlazzo/2015/05/response_teachers_dont_leave_high-poverty_urban_districts_they_are_exiled.html |
With only 3-5 seconds to capture your website visitor’s attention, your company’s home page is one of your most important pieces of brand real estate.
If you’re a business owner (or marketer), knowing the secrets to effective home page design is critical to success in the realm of inbound marketing. In this article, I’ll give you the recipe that will help you design a better home page that will decrease your bounce rates, improve customer conversions and improve your brand’s digital impression.
To begin, there are 5 overarching secrets to building a better home page.
Google researchers found that users judge a website as “beautiful” within 1/50th – 1/20th of a second. “Visually complex” websites are consistently rated as “less than beautiful” as their simpler counterparts.
Let me an illustrate an example. Have you ever gone on a blind date?
As soon as you open the door — you’re able to within 1/50th of a second determine if the person standing before you is attractive or not.
Websites work a lot like a blind date. You punch in a keyword not knowing what to expect until the page loads—and when the page finally loads—you either bounce away in horror or you pleasantly choose to stay—gazing at the beautiful layout in front of you.
When designing your home page, simple = beautiful.
Simple navigation keeps the home page clean and gets your visitor to where they want to go quickly. Try to keep your navigation to an absolute minimum. Design your website’s architecture in a way that doesn’t detract from your overall goal. Notice the examples in this article. The examples shown have 3-5 navigation topics max.
Keep your colors appropriate and in context to your industry. Do you need a dark color palette to convey luxury—or a more lighthearted palette to show approachability? Know what colors are used in your industry for maximum appeal. Find out more about your buyer persona to get an understanding of what will resonate with your target audience.
What do you want your customer to do when they are on your website? Download an ebook? Contact you? Map out what you want them to do next. Don’t leave your visitor hanging. Think for them and move them through the buyer awareness stage using strong call to actions (CTA’s).
Now that you know the 5 overarching factors for a successful home page design, now you need to know the 5 elements and how they are implemented.
Your logo design serves as the anchor point for your website and communicates your company’s credibility and trust. Eye patterns start from top left and go down toward the right. An interesting and professional logo makes a great first impression.
Next is your main image with the main idea that you want to communicate. Your message should be short and succinct. Be clear, not clever. Your imagery should position your brand accordingly and be tied to your main message. The image should be creative and eye catching. This is your chance to “stick” your visitor to your site. If someone hits your site and immediately bounces off, it’s because your message was not clear and they found your site unexciting or irrelevant.
Scrolling down—you should now tell your visitors what you offer and how you can help them. Make sure the text is written for them. By accurately defining your buyer persona, you’ll be able to talk their language in a way that grabs their attention and presents the impression that you understand them. This works in your favor to convince them you’re the company for the job.
8. Why work with you?
Next, you want to present the reasons why someone would want to work with you. These should be the top 3-4 things that separate you from your competitors and distinguish your brand. Make the reasons compelling enough and link to the areas of your website for more information and to track engagement.
People tend to follow people. By showing social proof that people like you on Facebook or follow you on Twitter can lend real validity to your above claims. If possible, showcase real customer testimonials with faces. This is the icing on the cake for presenting a credible narrative by showing others who you’ve helped.
In conclusion, knowing the secrets for better home page design will ensure lower bounce rates and attention grabbing messaging you need to move your customer further down your sales funnel for customer conversion. These factors when taken into account will turn your website into a revenue generating machine.
A time saving guide on how to plan an effective website that meets your online business and branding goals.
Perhaps one of the biggest mistakes most marketers and business owners make is that they overlook their website’s true potential. We know that a website is a necessity to do business. We know how our site should function and what kind of information it needs to contain. But a lot of times we don’t quite grasp the importance of how—that with a few changes—our company’s website could be modified to work harder for our businesses.
Below are 5 things you didn’t know your website could do. More than a pretty face —your website has much more potential than you think.
If you’re a smaller business looking to attract big clients, your website is the first step. In today’s digital world, impression and trust is everything. A website can communicate your brand’s unique message and connect with your prospect. Microsoft Research reports that people spend only 10 seconds on your homepage before leaving if they don’t immediately connect with your marketing messages. With the aid of professional website design and targeted and clear messaging, you can present your company as a reliable, professional partner that keeps your visitors on your website longer.
According to Social Media B2B, B2B companies that blog generate 67% more leads per month than those that don’t.
Search Engine Land shares that up to 80% of people ignore Google-sponsored ads.
HubSpot’s research shows that 75% of users never scroll past the first page of search results.
These trends show that one way to grow or market your business more effectively is by utilizing an inbound methodology as a way to increase traffic, leads and convert visitors to customers. When these mechanisms are in place, and given time to work— your website turns into a 24/7 lead generator.
With the right content marketing tactics, you also can build your brand locally and nationally quicker than traditional advertising and marketing methods. Unless you have 20 million for a national ad campaign to spend, inbound marketing costs 62% less per lead than traditional marketing. 54% more leads are generated by inbound than outbound or traditional advertising and marketing methods. If you are able to generate relevant content that solves your customer problems—and do that consistently, your brand will begin to take root in the minds of your customers.
90% of all online applicants will visit a company’s careers page. Data suggests that just because you have a strong corporate brand, doesn’t necessarily mean it translates into a strong employer brand. Websites that have a video that showcases their company’s values and culture will receive more applicants than a company who doesn’t. (SOURCE: LinkedIn Employer Handbook. December 1, 2012) With a strong careers page, your chances of attracting top-tier talent increases.
Having a professional website design created with your customer or buyer persona in mind can allow you to connect your brand to your customer more effectively than traditional push marketing can. By utilizing your website as the cornerstone in your social media activities you can drive traffic from social networking sites like Facebook, Google+, Twitter and Pinterest that connects your brand to your customers that creates real affinity and preference.
In conclusion, your website may not be able to cure world hunger or create peace in the middle east, but it can make you look bigger than you are, generate revenue, build your brand, attract talent and connect your brand to your customer. By adopting an inbound marketing methodology, you can turn your website into revenue generating machine and a valuable and effective marketing tool.
If you need help or have questions on how to make your website work harder for you, please contact us.
I started my first HTML page back in college in 1997 before the internet was ‘thee internet.’ Since then, I’ve architected and built sites for start-ups to public-traded companies with hundreds of thousands of users and yet even in 2014 the question of cost is a tricky one.
Today, I think it’s a fair assumption that most people view websites as a commodity. Due to recent hard economic conditions—that seems to be letting up—small business owners and start-ups can’t afford to spend big money on a website which they see as just ‘a website’. With the bad economy brought the emergence of crowdsourcing and discount website building companies. Websites now have a terrific low barrier of entry—with little differentiation in how they function which has brought the perception of their value down.
Savvy companies and brands know that their website is an invaluable marketing and sales tool that allows them to achieve their sales and marketing goals. It supports their marketing and sales efforts and provides assurance to their customers and employees in the form of innate trust. Through social media, content, video and imagery, modern companies understand that the look and feel of a website is just the first step in a broader strategy.
Below I’ve compiled 4 things to help you understand how and why a website is priced and what separates the free websites or discounted website builders from a true marketing tool that transforms your business.
When we start with a new client the first thing we ask is: “What are your goals?” Is your goal just to have a great looking site with great pictures and products and photography or do you really want it to be more than a pretty face? Today, having a website is just the first step. That free website you started and launched a few months ago isn’t enough to build a business or a steady stream of revenue in today’s digital landscape. Businesses must adhere to a specific set of standards, rules and best practices if they hope to ever be found online according to Google’s recent algorithm changes. If you can’t get found, then what’s the point of having a website? Sure, you can have it on your business card and point your customers/clients to it, but in today’s competitive environment is that enough?
If your goals are to increase traffic, there are ways to do that through blogging, social media and search engine optimization. If you want to generate leads, there is a process that creates offers your visitors can’t resist; offers so good that they will gladly trade their contact information for your offer that allows you to continue the conversation. If your goal is customer acquisition, there are methods through things like workflows and lead nurturing that can be utilized to move a potential buyer further down the sales funnel to the close stage. All of this begins with your goals. Design and functionality should be built around your goals and not a cookie-cutter, one-size-fits-all solution.
Once your goals are set and we know what kind of website you want to build we start with building a strong foundation. There are numerous platforms and applications out there to build a website. You can even start with a blank html page and start building one from scratch. Each are different and come with a set of standard features and functions. Names like Drupal, WordPress, Joomla and Expression Engine come to mind. We use an open source platform called WordPress. WordPress comes with a basic content management system and thousands of free plugins that function like apps on your iPhone. Plugins add extra functionality to a WordPress site like spam blockers, newsletter signup forms, contact forms, maps, buttons, sliders, Facebook feeds and more. It’s also one of the easiest platforms out there for our clients to use—which is why we use it—and it’s for a great price (FREE!). Hosting is also quite cheap to come by. We host with Rackspace Cloud that provides our clients with a cost–effective hosting solution backed by Rackspace’s fanatical support guarantee.
means taking a native theme design and customizing it to your brand’s unique look and feel. This way the theme takes on a completely different look while customized to your specifications. If you were to build a website from scratch, or through a base code program like Bootstrap the costs would top into the tens of thousands. Fortunately today, small businesses have the option to start with a theme and modify it to match their desired look and feel for a reasonable price.
Additional design costs begin to incur in the form of content. Content can be anything from written text, custom graphics, buttons, background patterns and more. All these add to the time and effort the team must put into the project. You may need diagrams, a video, or downloadable collateral to help customers understand complex products or services. All of this will need to be taken into account.
Then comes photography. No one EVER wants to invest in photography—which is a shame. You basically have the choice of buying quality images or low-quality images. High-end stock photo sites like Getty and Corbis start at $250+ each. Mid-grade sites like Veer and Jupiter start around $50+; and low-quality sites like Shutterstock and iStock prices start at $5+. However the quality shows. Cheap images don’t add visual value to your website and they look cheesy. Most visitors will pick up on this and leave and forget your site ever existed. Photography is always a huge line item in any web project. So be prepared to invest to make your site look polished.
At the end of a professional webdesign design process you also will need to optimize the site for your keywords. Search engine optimization consists of having relevant title tags, descriptions, image alt tags, on-page links and inbound links all based on the keywords someone would punch in to find you. Google accounts for almost 90% of all search traffic so everything is typically geared toward their requirements.
After the site is launched the site isn’t over. Websites should not be viewed as a “one and done”. Now you have to factor in the possibility of any malicious attacks, customer service problems, billing errors etc. that add to the costs of maintaining the site. Most sites can go for years without any major issues, but you will need to keep someone on hand who can address any required updates and any other issues if they arise. The old saying: Anything that can go wrong will go wrong —is true. I can’t tell you how many times we’ve had clients going into a meeting and their website goes down.
To wrap up, pricing a professional website is a very difficult thing to do. As a small business you are trying to cut costs and do things right. You have to start with your goals and work backwards on what you have to spend. Only by setting goals that are SMART: specific, measurable, attainable, realistic and timely can you accurately quantify ROI and what a realistic investment is.
So you just launched a new website. The site looks great, functions as it should and the whole company loves it. You’ve had great feedback from customers and the rumor is the board members are also impressed – all is good in the marketing department today. Good job! But just in case you have forgotten about the initial goals and objectives, here are 6 reminders why your new website is rock’n!
People are like gold and are your most important asset. This important section of your site should be shared with marketing and HR. The best career pages have videos that present some aspect of the company other than work. By attracting and hiring the right employees you will create a better company culture. You’ve given your employees purpose and a reason to get out of bed every morning to come to work. They are empowered to generate ideas and innovation is so thick it’s flowing from the water fountains. Your people are the key differentiator in a marketplace full of identical competitors™.
You’ve spent some time figuring out who your target market is and you’ve pegged three buyer personas that you have based all your content around. When potential visitors hit the site, they are drawn in and stay there. Low bounce rates baby!
Since over 20% of all website are viewed on a smartphone or tablet and climbing – you’ve created a responsive website that allows users to see content on multiple devices. See some other interesting mobile more stats to the right.
The old adage goes, “unseen is unsold”. Every page is optimized and indexed by Google. Your keywords have really gained traction and are passing on important leads to your marketing team for qualification.
Every page on the site uses succinct phrases and larger type with big beautiful graphics. Graphics are easier to scan and easier to understand. Most people’s attention span is less than 10 seconds. You must get your point across quickly and engage your visitor and you’ve done that. There is also some videos that allow visitors to watch about your latest product feature.
Every page has a CTR (Call to Action) and a mechanism in place to pass on quality leads to the sales team. You created the website in this way to reduce costs on lead generation because cultivating leads online can save your company money and make your sales funnel much more cost-effective.
Is your website still rocking?
Today, with so many aspects of digital marketing changing it’s somewhat impossible to keep up with best practices for web. Contact us today for a free consultation on your website and how to make it rock! | 2019-04-21T20:01:30Z | https://www.garrisoneverest.com/category/web-design/ |
We must ensure that jobs created by City work benefit people who live in the city.
Thank you Mr. President, members of the Council, City Attorney Langley, Comptroller Matson, Treasurer Coggs, members of the cabinet and members of the public. It is a pleasure to be here this morning as I present my 2017 Executive Budget.
We all know Milwaukee aces big challenges and at the same time, is asked to tackle these challenges with significant limitations.
We have neighborhoods where private sector development is booming. On the flip side, we have neighborhoods where violence is far too frequent, vacant homes are common, and jobs and hope are lacking. These disparities – and the frustrations that go along with them – are unacceptable.
My budget is designed to advance our work – to serve our residents in ways that are respectful and fair.
This budget moves us forward using approaches that are sound, programs that have demonstrated success, and new initiatives that address safety and success for everyone in Milwaukee.
The 2017 tax-levy budget totals $263 million. That’s an increase of $7 million over 2016. The proposed tax rate will increase seven cents. The average home will see an increase of $26.40 in City taxes. The 2017 municipal service fees will increase by $10.86 for the typical homeowner.
The recent Public Policy Forum report made it clear: the State of Wisconsin is no longer the partner it once was. The State has decreased financial support for Milwaukee. It has restricted our financial options and paid less and less attention to our pressing needs.
We know the challenges that exist in this community. We have an obligation to provide essential City services. We have a big role to play in the health of our neighborhoods, and we must make important differences in the lives of every resident.
Let’s begin by looking back. As the Public Policy Forum reported in 2009, the City faced an unmanageable situation – daunting expenses, aging infrastructure and little hope for growth in revenue.
Now look what has changed seven years later. The Forum says our financial condition and outlook have improved significantly and that the improvements we have made are evidence of effective financial management.
It’s important to pay close attention to how we made these improvements and it is absolutely essential that we manage our long-term obligations. Chicago is in a fiscal crisis because it has failed to do so.
To avoid similar problems in Milwaukee, we must work to keep current with our expenses and avoid passing costs to future generations.
With your help, that’s exactly what we have done. In 2010, the City faced its first employer pension contribution in 15 years, a contribution of $47.9 million. And we knew this would grow. It would have been easy to kick the can down the road, and pretend the situation would resolve itself.
Instead, we worked collaboratively to develop responsible changes to the pension funding formula. We eliminated positions in the 2010 Budget. We reduced expenditures and implemented furlough days. And we included the entire contribution amount without resorting to pension obligation borrowing.
And we faced big cuts in State aid, and still, we have consistently met our obligations making the full contribution without pension borrowing and without passing obligations on to future taxpayers.
We were also faced with City health care expenditures rising 8% to 9% per year, putting us on a course that would have destabilized the City Budget.
We made thoughtful changes. We switched from an insured plan to a self-funded plan saving $6 million a year. With the help of our employees, we modified premiums and other cost-sharing features, while maintaining very fair coverage and a broad provider network. Our wellness program is helping employees and generating cost reductions at a rate of $2 million a year.
It’s paid off. Amazingly, we will be spending $25 million less on health care this year than we did in 2011.
As daunting as the triple whammy of increased pension obligations, rising health care costs and cuts in State Aid were, we as a City never lost sight of the need to address the day-to-day concerns of our residents.
For example, over the last three years, we have increased funding for core infrastructure by nearly 85% addressing a backlog in street and sewer replacements.
We continue to make progress on our comprehensive library replacement plan. Two new neighborhood libraries have been constructed and a third has undergone substantial renovation. Two additional neighborhood library projects, Mill Road and Forest Home, are on their way.
Of course, we have faced unexpected demands, like the City Hall Foundation project, that have pushed our new debt authorizations to a level we simply cannot maintain.
Challenges remain and the two biggest fiscal challenges are City debt and pensions.
Long-term obligations must always have our attention. Remember, regardless of how low the interest rate is, we always have to pay back the principal. We, as a city, should aim for a levy- supported debt target of $75 million by 2021.
But here’s a big problem. Unless the State of Wisconsin increases its commitment to Shared Revenue, or provides local governments with more control over revenue options, we will be forced to make additional reductions to personnel and City services.
Take a look at the Police Department budget. In the last 12 years, I have increased the police department’s budget every year. This year alone, we will be spending $127 million more than we did in 2004 for the Police Department and its pension. In sharp contrast, the State of Wisconsin has slashed state shared revenue and expenditure restraint funds by $12 million per year.
So our investment has gone up $127 million, the state investment has gone down $12 million.
And, don’t forget ACT 176, the State’s gift to slumlords. That recent law cut fees for chronic building code violators by millions of dollars.
Think of the expectations of City government. We fight crime and put out fires. We rush to medical emergencies. We pave the streets and enforce safety requirements. We promote public health and we add to the quality of life for everyone. We are a partner in community development, in resolving the foreclosure crisis, in promoting business growth and in preparing our children for success. And, there are even more demands for public safety, for city services and for a growing population that is now above 600,000 people.
The police department budget in this 2017 budget is $302 million. That is more than our entire property tax levy. And I want our friends in Madison to hear that. The police department budget on $302 million is more than our entire property tax levy. And in fact, for several years, it has been more than we receive annually in shared revenue. Despite the fiscal challenge, we are proud that we have maintained our commitment to a well-staffed police department.
More than 165 new police officers will be in our Police Academy in 2017. New officers will be on the job filling the positions of officers we anticipate will retire.
My budget maintains sworn strength at one thousand eight hundred and eighty eight police officers. We give the police department the resources it needs to reduce crime by thorough crime analysis, data driven deployment and community engagement.
For every one of us, the recent increase in violence is unacceptable. I also understand that courts and police cannot be our only answer to public safety. We must have a balanced approach.
Our Office of Violence Prevention is now at full staff with individuals with experience, credibility and vision.
They share my belief that a healthy neighborhood is safe and full of hope – where opportunity is real. With that priority, our work will focus on youth development and violence prevention.
In 2014 Alderwoman Coggs pushed for Trauma Informed Care. Thank you, Alderwoman. That was an important step to dealing with the challenges in our neighborhoods.
My budget funds work to break the cycle of trauma impacting so many children and families in our community and plans are underway to expand this initiative to District 5 starting in January. My goal is to see this approach reach children and families in every district in our city.
Last week, we announced a remarkable grant to the Office of Violence Prevention to use a trauma informed approach to structural and community violence.
It is designed to assist high-risk youth and families and promote resilience and equity. We will use this grant to address the impacts of violence and to prevent violence through community engagement.
This five year, five-million-dollar grant is one of the largest ever received by the City of Milwaukee Health Department.
Since my days in Congress, I have worked aggressively to reduce lead poisoning among children.
Through a comprehensive approach, the City of Milwaukee Health Department reports that children with elevated blood lead levels have been reduced 70% since 2003 and we have increased the number of children tested by 66%.
We know that lead paint in older homes is still the leading cause of lead poisoning in children. I am proud of the results we have seen from the more than $50 million in lead abatement funding since 2005.
My 2017 budget devotes nearly $11 million to lead issues. It includes $4.3 million in funding to add more homes to the 17,000 we have already made lead-paint safe.
To address lead in drinking water, this budget starts a commitment to full removal of lead service lines.
We will use $5.2 million in 2016 and 2017 to remove lead lines at 385 licensed day care facilities.
The 2017 budget also provides funding to replace approximately 300 existing residential lines when they leak or fail.
Today, I am asking you, as part of the solution, to support ordinance changes that mandate full lead service line replacement. These new changes will also ensure low and fixed income homeowners do not have to choose between replacing their line and keeping the lights on. My proposal is to keep the owner’s cost of replacing customer lines to less than $20 a month. Please join me as we advocate for fair funding for lead lateral removals at both the State and Federal level.
But you have to understand how serious this is and how expensive this is. Given the enormity of the challenge, we need partners at every level. To put this in perspective, the work to replace lead laterals in 70,000 homes will cost, in today’s dollars, $770 million.
Every contract for lead service line removal will include resident preference provisions. I have started discussions with the local trades and our workforce partners to use this work as an opportunity to train Milwaukeeans and put them on a career path.
For years, we’ve recognized the need for jobs in the central city. That’s why we have invested in the Menomonee Valley, the Brewery, Reed Street Yards, and Century City, just to name a few.
But the events over the last six weeks spotlight what we have known all along. The need for jobs is dramatic.
Fortunately, our investments in Century City are beginning to pay off.
Over the weekend, you may have seen the Rev Group announced it will be assembling its prototypes as it competes for an enormous Post Office contract to build delivery vehicles. This work will be done right at Century City.
But there’s more. I have wonderful news to share. Talgo, remember Talgo? Late last week, Los Angeles Metro awarded a very large contract to Talgo, the train manufacturer, to overhaul train cars for its system.
Talgo told the Los Angeles Metro that it will do this work – tens of millions of dollars to refurbish rail cars – at Milwaukee’s Century City. This is more than a positive Milwaukee business story. It’s more than simply good news for the dozens of workers who will be rebuilding and refurbishing train cars. This is an affirmation of Century City as a location for manufacturing.
I want to thank President Hamilton, Aldermen Murphy, Witkowski, Kovac, Alderwoman Coggs and former Aldermen Willie Hines and Willie Wade and all our partners who have championed bringing jobs to Century City.
Starting about six years ago, using its state of the art technology, Talgo built four high speed trains at Century City, using Milwaukee workers. The Talgo saga has its share of disappointment. Shortly after Governor Walker was first elected, the State of Wisconsin broke its contract with Talgo – leaving state taxpayers with nothing — except for a bill of about 40- to 50-million dollars.
As hard as the Governor worked to kill this project, we worked even harder to build a solid relationship with the company. And that has paid off.
Talgo could have undertaken the new Los Angeles work almost anywhere in the country. Yet it chose Milwaukee. Despite the hard feelings between Talgo and the State, the company recognizes its Milwaukee location is a great place to manufacture.
Century City is a place where talented workers are available. My budgets, including this one, have ensured companies can move right in to excellent facilities and that my Administration will be a reliable partner. I’m looking forward to working with Alderman Rainey, Century’s City’s new alderman, and all of you, as we continue to invest and attract jobs to this critically important corridor.
So let’s talk about our Strong Neighborhoods program. We’re joined today by many members of Common Ground who put a lot of work into this effort and I appreciate all the work that you have done. Our Strong Neighborhoods program has yielded impressive numbers. Through our demolition and deconstruction programs, we’re not just eliminating blight, we are creating safer and stronger neighborhoods and we are creating jobs for residents. Last year alone, 248 residents were employed and received hands-on training.
Local contractors are also working on projects funded through the City’s Compliance Loan Program, which allows homeowners to make property improvements with no interest loans to avoid losing their homes through foreclosure. I am increasing funding for this important initiative by 60% in this year’s budget.
Here’s more good news, we have sold 369 tax-foreclosed properties so far this year—homes and business sites—that are now returned to productive use. That’s ahead of last year’s very strong sales pace.
My budget also includes funding for a total of 52 fire cadets and 40 police aides. The expanded program increases diversity and creates career opportunities for young people. Both departments have worked hard at implementing recruiting strategies that ensure our new hires more closely match the demographics of our city residents.
Our Fire Department continues to beat the national standards for response times. The department has modified the FOCUS program to provide more proactive and community-oriented interactions.
The new Community Risk Reduction program will visit each home and business every five years to install smoke detectors and provide public education about fires.
The Department has taken another proactive step with the Mobile Integrated Health program. This initiative addresses the health needs of residents before they require emergency care. It provides a valuable service to residents and allows for better use of emergency services.
Through the most recent contract settlement in the Fire Department, we have gained efficiencies and productivity by implementing a 53-hour work week.
Our budgets require us to ask more of our employees and they deserve a lot of praise for their hard work, continued innovation, creative problem solving, and dedication to our residents.
With limited resources, we must continue to challenge ourselves to ensure City government is run efficiently. My budget streamlines our IT operations and improves these services.
But at the end of the day, good budgeting takes a good team. I’m grateful for the leadership of Mark Nicolini. He is a treasure to this City. His expertise and sage advice help us create a budget each year that addresses our needs in a balanced and strategic way, and we do it despite his bad jokes.
We spend months crafting the City’s annual budget, reviewing new ideas and evaluating multiple alternatives. But this budget is really the product of years of work. We plan carefully and deploy our limited resources in the most effective ways possible. We address important needs, and, at the same time, we make sure we are on a sustainable fiscal path.
You, the members of the Common Council, have been a consistent and valued partner, and I appreciate that. We know that there’s a lot of discord in other levels of government, but we have worked effectively and I look forward to working effectively again. You have a record of both responsibly reviewing my budget and maintaining financial prudence.
President Hamilton, Finance and Personnel Chair Coggs, and all the Council members, I look forward to working with you in the coming weeks to finalize Milwaukee’s 2017 City Budget. | 2019-04-23T22:50:49Z | http://www.milwaukeeindependent.com/curated/mayor-barretts-2017-executive-budget-address/ |
The Known Issues and Recommendations section is a cumulative list for all 8.5.x releases of Configuration Server. This section provides the latest information on known issues and recommendations associated with this product. It includes information on when individual items were found and, if applicable, corrected. The Resolved Issues section for each release describes the corrections and may list additional issues that were corrected without first being documented as Known Issues.
Configuration Layer components do not support usage of the non-default port of Configuration Server. These components must be configured to contact the current primary master Configuration Server using its default port only.
Starting from Configuration Server release 8.5.101.00, License Reporting Manager 8.5 integration has been removed completely, and the steps below are no longer required.
You can skip Configuration Server 8.5.x (prior to 8.5.101) verification of License Reporting Manager (LRM) software that is present in your system when installing a new environment, or when upgrading an existing environment to Configuration Database 8.5 format.
Using LRM requires that for each Framework upgrade, you must also install LRM, ICON, and GAX, even if you do not require them (either you do not use the component at all, or you do not require the upgraded version). Disassociating Configuration Server and LRM can save you the time and effort of installing new or upgraded versions of these components if you do not otherwise require them.
This parameter forces Configuration Server to start in utility mode, validate and update the Configuration Database, and then exit. Review the Configuration Server log to see the success message. If necessary, set the verbose configuration option to debug or to all to see all messages. You can then restart Configuration Server using the commands and options described in the Framework Deployment Guide, ignoring any references and commands relating to LRM.
You must be accessing the Configuration Database directly to disable LRM. If you are using Configuration Server 8.5 with DB Server to access the database, you can temporarily install and configure a copy of Configuration Server on the same host with DB Server and DBMS client software to execute this step.
If you are using the Solaris platform, Genesys strongly recommends that you use DB Server to access the Configuration Database. Accessing the Database directly will cause excessive CPU usage for the Configuration Server Proxies. Do not configure auto-restart for both the primary and backup master Configuration Servers in a redundant pair.
Mixed language mode for Configuration Server is intended for use in limited deployments, as described in the White Paper entitled Deploying Genesys for Key Mixed Language Scenarios. Use of this information in conjunction with any scenarios not explicitly covered in this white paper may lead to unpredictable results.
If you used an older version of Genesys Administrator or Configuration Manager to create new Access Groups by copying an existing predefined access group (such as Administrators or EVERYONE), you might not be able to remove the new Groups through Configuration Server; you can only do this directly in the Configuration Database.
Workaround: To avoid this situation, use the latest version of Genesys Administrator available. If you have already experienced this issue and were unable to remove some Groups, please contact Genesys Technical Support for detailed instructions.
Configuration Conversion Wizard (CCW) is not localized. However, when operating with a localized version of Windows, CCW displays part of the text in the local language. As a result, CCW screens contain text partially in English and partially in the local language.
When configuring Host objects for the Windows server hosts, do not specify Windows as the OS Type. Instead, select the specific version of Windows that the Host machine is running.
If the Configuration Database contains corrupted password fields resulting from, for example, improper manual updating of the database, and these fields contain characters that cannot be represented properly by Genesys Administrator, attempting to launch Genesys Administrator against this database would cause an error. To prevent this from occurring, examine any database fields that you may have modified manually, and correct their values.
Do not manually make any changes to the Configuration Database. Use only the tools provided in Genesys software.
On Windows, PostgreSQL DB client may terminate unexpectedly or operate incorrectly if any of the environment variables used by PostgreSQL to locate files on the filesystem are provisioned without proper escaping of "\" character. Make sure you provision the Windows paths according to the PostgreSQL documentation. For more details, see PostgreSQL Databases.
On Linux, Configuration Server using Microsoft ODBC driver does not connect to the MS SQL database while using Data Source Name (DSN).
On Linux, Configuration Server is currently using Microsoft ODBC 13.X driver for direct connections to MS SQL database. This restricts the use of non-ASCII characters when working with databases that have non-Unicode native codepages. For more details on the restrictions, see the Microsoft documentation for the specified driver version.
You cannot create Business Process objects using certain versions of Interactive Routing Designer (IRD) starting from Configuration Server 8.5.101.19 because of additional validation steps performed by this version of Configuration Server.
Workaround: Set the [<configuration server name>].enable-list-validation configuration option to false. This option change takes effect immediately, and does not require a restart.
Use this workaround only if you have issues with using the current version of IRD and Configuration Server version 8.5.101.19 or 8.5.101.20.
Deferral of Configuration Server Proxy requests, using the Transaction Serialization feature, does not occur if the master Configuration Server has not fully initialized and is ready to handle the requests.
After a switchover between primary and backup Configuration Server, Virtual Agent Group (VAG) members are no longer updated. This problem first occurred in Configuration Server 8.5.101.13.
Workaround: To avoid this problem, do not use Configuration Server 8.5.101.13; use the latest version of Configuration Server available.
RADIUS External Authentication does not work properly if all authentication servers listed in the servers.conf file are not also listed in the radiusclients.conf file. If this is the case, the interface console and logs will report contradictory authentication results.
You cannot enable the force-password-reset option for user accounts with the current version of Configuration Server. If this option is set to true, the user will be unable to log in even after providing a new password, and the System Administrator will have to reset each user's password to restore the users' access.
Configuration Server cannot process an incoming message that is in the wrong format, and will terminate unexpectedly as a result.
Workaround: To avoid this problem, do not scan Configuration Server ports, or upgrade to (by dropping in) the latest 8.5.1 version of Configuration Server.
In the scenario in which a backup Configuration Server, while switching to primary mode, loses its connection with the database and is forced to reload the data during the switchover, the Virtual Agent Groups might, in very rare situations, appear to be empty.
If a configuration option is changed in a primary Configuration Server, and there is a mismatch in a Transport Parameter between the primary and backup Configuration Servers, the backup server is updated with the value of the Transport Parameter in the primary server.
Workaround: To avoid this issue, configure the Transport Parameters at the application or host level (not at the connection level), or break the link between the HA pair before configuring distinct values at the connection level.
If [security-authentication-rules].password-no-repeats is set to a value greater than 1 in the Tenant in which the "default" user resides, after a user changes the password of the default user once, Configuration Server no longer allows any changes to the default user object. The user might also disappear from the root folder after subsequent restarts of Configuration Server. Make sure you change the default password first, before you configure any password history rules in you system.
If Configuration Server Proxy, or its backup server, loses its connection with the master Configuration Server while synchronizing data during initialization or reloading Configuration History Log data, the proxy server might not have a complete History Log. In addition, the proxy server might not open its listening port after it is fully initialized. To confirm that this has happened to the proxy server, check for log event 21-22135 accompanied by 21-22136.
Workaround: After you confirm that this has occurred on a primary or backup Configuration Server Proxy, restart that server.
Std 22302 External authentication configuration error: Authentication library [./libgauth_ldap_64.so] could not be opened. Reason ./libgauth_ldap_64.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory.
This problem occurs because another dependent library (libsasl2.so) has a different name on the RHEL 7.x platform.
If Configuration Server receives concurrent requests to update related objects while it is updating the Configuration Database, the update requests are sometimes processed in the wrong order, causing Configuration Server to terminate.
Workaround: To avoid this, use only Genesys administrative user interfaces (Genesys Administrator, Genesys Administrator Extension, or legacy Configuration Manager) to edit your configuration. If custom (PSDK) applications are used, they must support synchronous mode to make the updates.
After a Configuration Server switchover, in which the backup Configuration is running in primary mode, duplicate folders and configuration objects are displayed randomly in Genesys Administrator or Configuration Manager.
Workaround: To clear this problem, restart Configuration Server.
When Configuration Server Proxy disconnects from the master Configuration Server for some reason, it goes into Read-only mode, which is expected. However, when it tries to reconnect to the master server, the proxy server uses the wrong port.
Workaround: To avoid this problem, make sure that the connection parameters specified in the Configuration Server Proxy command line, used for the initial connection to the master Configuration Server, match those specified for the default port of the primary master server Application object (currently or originally named confserv).
If Configuration Server is provisioned to use external authentication, but [authentication]library=internal is set at the Tenant level, Configuration Server still performs external authentication for all users under that Tenant that have a value in their External ID field.
If the last login synchronization feature is enabled, while processing GETHISTORYLOG requests from clients, Configuration Server Proxy 8.5 sometimes stops responding to client requests and CPU usage rises to 100%.
Workaround: To keep this problem from reoccurring, set the last-login-synchronization option to false on the master Configuration Server.
Configuration Server will not use internal authentication or accept a request to change the password of a user configured with library=internal and with a non-empty External User ID field.
When processing a large number of configuration changes, Configuration Server Proxy might reach a CPU utilization rate of 100%, significantly slowing its processing rate, while the master Configuration Server continues to handle requests normally.
Workaround: Disable the Audit Trail feature by setting [history-log].write-former-value to false on both the master and backup Configuration Server Proxies.
Configuration Server sometimes experiences issues loading the license file at startup if there are records in the Configuration History database that are subject to removal.
Workaround: In the [history-log] section of the Configuration Server object, set the configuration option max-records to a larger value (up to 2147483647) or the option expiration to a larger number of days, or manually clean out records from the CFG_HDB_OBJECT table.
This problem occurs if PostgreSQL is configured to operate in standard_conforming_strings=on mode. To avoid this problem, configure PostgreSQL with the option standard_conforming_strings=off and set the corresponding Configuration Server option postgre-standard-conforming-strings=off.
Note: There is a known problem that causes Configuration Server, operating with a PostgreSQL database in standard_conforming_strings=off mode and configured for the Shift-JIS locale, to incorrectly store the symbol 圭. Until the fix for this problem is available, and as only a temporary workaround, it is acceptable to run the PostgreSQL database in standard_conforming_strings=on mode and the Configuration Server option postgre-standard-conforming-strings set to on. In this case, the above error message can be ignored.
Configuration Server might terminate unexpectedly and generate a core file when working in multi-threaded mode.
Workaround: If you are using Configuration Server 8.5.100.04 or later, do not switch the server to enable multi-threaded mode. If you are using previous versions of Configuration Server 8.5, turn off multi-threaded mode by setting the environment variable GCTI_CONFSERV_CONN_STARTUP_DEFAULT to 1 (one) before starting Configuration Server.
The Configuration Server Installation Package installs the Configuration Database initialization and locale scripts into folders located at <installation folder>/sql_scripts/multi_tenant/<dbms type>, instead of <installation folder>/sql_scripts/<dbms type>, as documented in the Framework Deployment Guide.
When a locale has been applied to the Configuration Database, if a user creates a new Tenant object while skip-environment-enum-transfer is set to true, a copy of predefined business attribute objects is created with English (US) names and with similar attributes and are displayed in the national language in the Environment tenant.
Workaround: Genesys strongly recommends that you set skip-environment-enum-transfer=true to avoid copying predefined attributes unless you are using a Genesys Solution that explicitly requires a copy to exist under each Tenant.
The problem is specific to Solaris. No other operating systems are affected.
When configured on Configuration Server 8.5.x, the level-reassign-<event> configuration option does not take effect until Configuration Server is restarted. When configured on Configuration Server 8.1.x, this option takes effect immediately, as described in the Framework Configuration Options Reference Manual.
When processing a heavy load of update and deletion requests, Configuration Server sometimes sends notifications with duplicate UNSOLEVENTNUM attributes, affecting transactions following the deletion transaction. These notifications cause complete failure of the affected database transactions because they violate the uniqueness of the primary key in the CFG_HDB_OBJECT table.
This issue does not occur when Configuration Server is running on the 64-bit Linux platform.
Workaround: To avoid this problem, disable ADDP between Configuration Server and any other components, or use the 64-bit Linux platform.
Configuration Server might terminate unexpectedly when externally authenticating a user while a configuration change that affects external authentication is in progress.
Workaround: To avoid this, reconfigure external authentication options when no authentication is occurring.
When Configuration Server is running on UNIX and is configured to connect directly to the DBMS (the default behaviour), if it experiences connectivity issues with the DBMS, it might generate zombie (defunct) dbclient processes when trying to reconnect. The longer the Configuration Server is unable to reconnect to the DBMS, the more zombie (defunct) processes are created and consuming memory.
Workaround: To remove the zombie (defunct) processes, stop the main Configuration Server process.
In an HA configuration, if you start the backup Configuration Server Proxy while the primary server's host is not available, the backup server sometimes stops responding and does not switch to primary mode.
For Kerberos external authentication to work, set the KRB5RCACHETYPE environment variable to none.
Some new 8.5 features may cause a noticeable degradation in performance of Configuration Server during object creation and update.
Configure Configuration Server to use DB Server for database access. Refer to the Framework 8.1 Deployment Guide for details.
In the Configuration Server configuration file, in the [confserv] section, set dbthread=false.
Set the environment variable GCTI_CONFSERV_CONN_STARTUP_DEFAULT to 1 before starting Configuration Server.
Configuration Server might take a long time to update the Virtual Agent Group if the Agent Group object contains a large list of agents.
Workaround: In the options of Configuration Server, in the [history-log] section, set the configuration option write-former-value to false so the previous value is not saved in the Configuration Server History Log. This setting takes effect immediately, and should improve performance during the update.
Note: Remember to set the option back to true after you are finished the update.
Configuration Server 8.0.x and 8.1.x either terminates abnormally or might contain inconsistent data (compared to the master server from which it received data).
Configuration Server 8.5.x might end up containing inconsistent data (compared to the master server from which it received data).
Inconsistent data includes missing or duplicated objects. After Configuration Server Proxy starts up or reloads the data, it will display inconsistent data in Genesys Administrator and any other applications connected to the Proxy server. Likewise, the backup master Configuration Server will reveal inconsistent data to applications that connect to it after it has switched over into primary mode.
If an application changes the value of certain configuration object fields, such as Reset Password to the special value Unknown, Configuration Server does not notify its clients about these changes. As a result, these are, in effect, invisible to the clients. In addition, the previous values of these fields might become effective after Configuration Server switches to backup mode.
Configuration Conversion Wizard 8.5.0 can not upgrade an 8.1.3 multi-language database to the 8.5 format.
Workaround: Do not convert the database; Configuration Server 8.5 works properly with a multi-language database in 8.1.3 format.
If an object's name or any other attribute contains a non-alphanumeric character, such as an apostrophe ('), accent (`), or a back/forward slash (\ or /), the database will generate a syntax error.
Workaround: Do not use a non-alphanumeric character in any value to be stored in a database, unless specifically told to do so.
If you select an existing file when performing an export in CCW, CCW reports an error, deletes the file, and does not perform the export.
Workaround: Specify a new, unique filename when exporting the data.
Configuration Server incorrectly exports Campaign objects that contain Campaign Groups into XML. If Campaign Groups exist, they are stored in XML as obsolete CampaignGroupInfo entities that cannot be imported back later.
When converting a database, Configuration Conversion Wizard (CCW) can create new configuration objects, the names of which might conflict with the names of existing configuration objects. In these cases, the new objects do not appear in Genesys Administrator.
For example, starting in release 8.1.1, CCW creates two new Application objects, Genesys Administrator and Genesys Administrator Server, during database conversion. If objects with these names already exist in the Configuration Database, the new objects will not appear in Genesys Administrator.
Workaround: Before running the Wizard, rename any existing objects for which the conflict will occur. Then, after running the Wizard, rename or delete the new objects and change the original objects back to their original names.
When the master Configuration Server changes Configuration Server Proxy to Read-only or Emergency mode, Configuration Server Proxy does not notify its clients of the change in mode.
Tenant names must not contain one or more backslash characters (\).
Information in this section is included for international customers. Release numbers in the Found In and Fixed In fields refer to the English (US) release of Configuration Server unless otherwise noted in the issue description.
Note: Product translation is limited to contents of this product only. Display data coming from other products might appear in English.
When you search for an item of Business Attribute and Business Attribute Value by its localized display name, the search will return no results.
Workaround: To find the correct object, enter the non-localized (English) name or a common sub-string of the two names. For example, to find an object in an FR localized environment with a localized name of Langue, search for Language or lang*.
When a localized Configuration Database is upgraded to 8.5 format from 7.6 and a specific language locale is applied, some of the predefined folder names might be displayed incorrectly. The inaccurate folder names do not affect functionality, and can be ignored if you do not want to implement the workaround.
Workaround: Genesys recommends that you use the English locale in the converted database.
In the 8.5.100.01 Language Packs, the names of Business Attribute and Business Attribute Value objects are no longer translated. In previous versions of the Language Packs, the names were translated, and sometimes caused existing strategies and/or other resources to fail.
You can now successfully import Application Templates in a localized Configuration Server. Previously in this scenario, you were unable to import an Application Template unless the locale ID (lcid) was set to 1033.
The file CfgLocale_postgre.sql now runs correctly and sets up the Japanese locale. Previously, the file generated an error and the locale was not set up properly.
Configuration Server now localizes all strings correctly in both single- and multi-language mode, so the strings correctly appear in Japanese. Previously, Configuration Server did not localize some strings correctly in a single-language environment, and these strings incorrectly appeared in English.
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The very bad news is that means 26 per cent really don’t.
Other startling results from the survey included that only 39 per cent of Americans believe “the universe began with a huge explosion”. And fewer than half of the people surveyed (48 per cent) agreed that “human beings, as we know them today, developed from earlier species of animals”.
Hemp temps are being sought after due to the rise in the demand for pot. . Report by Jennifer Cordingley.
Olympic officials take great pride in cracking down on doping and so far no athlete has tested positive at the Sochi Olympics. But officials acknowledge they have had a difficult time dealing with one drug in particular: marijuana.
Technically marijuana is on the World Anti-Doping list of banned drugs, which governs events like the Olympics, because officials consider it to be performance enhancing and a violation of the “spirit of sport”. But in a nod to the growing relaxed attitude toward the drug around the world, the cut off level for a positive test has been increased for the Sochi Games, allowing for some recreational use prior to the Olympics.
The new threshold for the active ingredient in marijuana, tetrahydrocannabinol or THC, has been increased from 15 nanograms per millilitre of urine to 150ng/mls. Officials say that means an athlete who smoked some weed before the Olympics, or inhaled second-hand smoke, wouldn’t likely test positive in Sochi. Someone who failed the new test would have to be “a pretty dedicated cannabis consumer,” WADA officials have said.
With the global economy creating millionaires and billionaires at breakneck speed, the industry handling their money is about to explode.
Six years from now, the asset management industry, which currently controls about $60 trillion in wealth, will be responsible for more than $100 trillion by 2020, according to a recent study from PricewaterhouseCoopers.
PwC attributes the surge both to a general growth in emerging economies, particularly in Asia.
Are public-employee unions toxic to their candidates?
The real news in the San Diego mayoral race isn’t that a Republican won, but that the candidate backed by public-employee unions lost.
That is a real shift in California politics. And it’s the second time it’s happened in a big-city mayoral race in less than a year.
ADVANCES in genetic sequencing are giving rise to a new era of scientific racism, experts have said.
New forms of discrimination, known as “neoracism”, are taking hold in scientific research, spreading the belief that races exist and are different in terms of biology, behaviour and culture, according to anthropologists who spoke at the annual American Association for the Advancement of Science conference in Chicago.
This comes despite decades-long efforts to reverse attitudes that were used to justify the slave trade and the Nazi ideology.
Workers at Volkswagen’s three-year-old factory in Chattanooga, Tenn., voted Friday to reject union representation by the United Auto Workers (UAW), frustrating an effort to revive the waning influence of the labor movement in the South.
The vote tally concluded with 712 voting no, and 626 voting yes.
The UAW’s bid to represent VW’s 1,550 hourly workers faced fierce resistance from local politicians and national conservative groups.
The defeat could scuttle the 400,000-member union’s latest attempt to stem a decades-long decline in membership, revenue and influence. It could reinforce the widely held notion that the UAW is unable to overcome the South’s deep opposition toward organized labor.
The most frugal have been scaling back company matches and setting lower limits for the maximum annual payment they’ll make to a 401(k) account, according to hundreds of government filings analyzed by Bloomberg. A difference of three percentage points on a match can add up to hundreds of thousands of dollars lost for employees over the course of their careers.
The Chronicle of Philanthropy released its annual “Philanthropy 50″ list this week, detailing the gifts of the most generous donors in America. These individuals are “ditching the caution that marked so much of their giving as the economy stalled and are roaring back” with $7.7 billion in contributions, 4 percent more than in 2012, the publication says.
Giving is up since the financial crisis. But while the stock market has made a complete recovery, top-50 philanthropy has clearly not. And this kind of giving has not nearly kept pace with the rise in American billionaires’ wealth over the past decade. The Forbes 400 list, which tracks the richest people in the U.S., had a total net worth of $955 billion in 2003. By 2013, it had more than doubled, to $2 trillion.
The Bloomberg Billionaires index, which launched in 2012 and tracks the 300 richest people worldwide, saw a $524 billion increase in wealth during 2013 alone. Tech billionaires gained 28 percent on the year, led by Tesla (TSLA) founder Elon Musk, whose wealth climbed 233 percent.
This puts the 4 percent increase the Chronicle of Philanthropy hails in context. At a time when the richest Americans’ wealth is skyrocketing, it’s appropriate to ask whether their giving is skyrocketing as well.
The boom in oil production in Williams County, N.D., has resulted in a population increase and an overbooking of the county jail, officials said.
In the 2010 U.S. census, about 14,700 residents lived in Williston, N.D., the seat of Williams County. Today, officials estimate more than 30,000 live in the city and another 50,000 are being served by its infrastructure, the Williston Herald reported Saturday.
The population boom and high-paying oil jobs have led to the highest housing costs in the country.
Apartment Guide said a 700-square-foot, one-bedroom apartment in Williston costs on average $2,394, the highest in the entire country. That’s even higher than New York City, which is No. 7 on the list, and Los Angeles, which is No. 8.
Overseas banks look set to win only minor concessions when the Federal Reserve signs off on new capital rules next week, as they become increasingly resigned to the fact that the cost of doing business in the United States will go up.
The Fed, whose board of governors meets on Tuesday, will require overseas banks to hold as much capital in the United States as their local rivals.
The reform is designed to address concerns that U.S. taxpayers will need to foot the bill if European and Asian regulators treat U.S. subsidiaries with low priority if they need to rescue one of their banks.
Foreign banks with sizeable operations on Wall Street such as Deutsche Bank and Barclays have pushed back hard against the plan because it means they will need to transfer costly capital from Europe.
A participant in the bruising American battle over voting rights warns that Canada is treading on dangerous ground with its proposed electoral reforms.
One of the lawyers who helped strike down the voter ID law in Pennsylvania last month says legislation tabled by the Harper government will inevitably wind up depriving some people of their voting rights.
That’s why any change to voting requirements should be made with the strictest care, in the spirit of achieving more accurate election results, said Witold Walczak, legal director of the American Civil Liberties Union for Pennsylvania.
That warning comes from a country where voting rights are an especially emotional subject, for obvious historical reasons. Americans know the issue well. And the impact of ID rules has been studied extensively, re-emerging in recent years as a hotly debated partisan issue.
Finance ministers and central bank chiefs from the Group of 20 advanced and emerging economies are expected to mainly discuss uncertainty over the course of emerging economies at their two-day meeting in Sydney from Feb. 22.
Japanese Finance Minister Taro Aso, also deputy prime minister and financial services minister, regards concerns over emerging economies and the U.S. Federal Reserve’s tapering of its quantitative easing as important issues that the world economy faces.
Since views differ between anxious emerging economies and calm advanced countries, whether the G-20 can hammer out a cooperation framework in a joint statement is a focal point.
At their forthcoming meeting, Akira Amari, Japanese minister in charge of Trans-Pacific Partnership affairs, and U.S. Trade Representative Michael Froman are expected to sound each other out about the possibility of compromise for an agreement in TPP regional free trade talks.
Amari and Froman are set to hold talks in Washington later on Saturday, ahead of a ministerial meeting of 12 TPP countries in Singapore from Feb. 22.
Japan and the United States remain far apart over tariffs on farm products. In their talks in parallel with multilateral TPP negotiations, Japan is insisting on keeping its tariffs on five key product categories including rice.
Japanese and U.S. trade ministers remained apart over tariff issues particularly in the agricultural sector in their talks Saturday linked with multilateral Trans-Pacific Partnership negotiations.
Emerging from the talks with U.S. Trade Representative Michael Froman in Washington, which lasted two and a half hours, Akira Amari, Japanese minister in charge of TPP negotiations for regional trade liberalization, told reporters that the two “agreed on the importance of reducing differences in their stances” over the issues.
The Japanese and U.S. sides discussed ways to abolish import duties on individual trading items including agricultural products but “did not reach any numerical agreement,” Amari said.
Toward the upcoming TPP ministerial meeting in Singapore from Feb. 22, the Japanese and U.S. governments will hold working-level talks to narrow the gap, he added.
An extra 5,000 troops are on standby to support communities hit by flooding, it was announced on Sunday, as the government faced calls for a halt to home building on flood plains.
Large swaths of the UK remain on high alert with severe flood warnings still in place along the Thames and in Somerset where water levels continue to rise despite a respite from the storms.
Defence secretary Philip Hammond said 3,000 troops were currently deployed, and another 5,000 were available. He admitted the armed forces could have been despatched earlier to help.
How to complain about house prices, mortgages and pensions without being accused of being a middle-class whinger? Well, I may be just that, but my worries – and those of millions like me – are very real and need to be heard: they represent a profound psychological shift in the nation’s heartland.
Today the middle classes are being squeezed and stripped – of jobs, income and security – like never before. The landscape ahead has been laid bare by the winds of social, political and technological change. I hardly needed Alan Milburn’s recent report on social mobility, which revealed that for the first time in history middle-class children are likely to end up poorer than their parents, to start worrying about how my son is going to survive out there.
What a difference a year makes. Antony Jenkins was applauded by the City 12 months ago when he set out his strategy for turning Barclays into the “go to” bank by restricting costs and rooting out the bad apples in the investment banking arm.
Remember, it was barely six months after the Libor crisis had shaken Barclays to its core and forced out its top management, including Jenkins’s predecessor, Bob Diamond. Jenkins had said enough to push the bank’s share price up 9% by the end of the day.
Such was his status as the antithesis to Diamond – who was dubbed the “unacceptable face of banking” by Lord Mandelson – that Jenkins ended 2013 with the honour of guest editing the BBC’s flagship Today programme. His halo was given a rub when Justin Welby, the archbishop of Canterbury, who also featured in the New Year’s Eve radio show, supported Jenkins’s attempt to clean up Barclays’s act.
Last week the applause stopped. Even though Jenkins had personally tried to do the right thing by waiving his own bonus for 2013 – potentially as much as £2.7m – he stunned even the City with his failure to explain why the bank was paying out 10% more in bonuses in a year when profits collapsed by 32%. The boost was even harder to stomach in the investment bank, once better known as BarCap, where the bonus pot was up 13%, despite the unit reporting losses in the final quarter of the year.
British Indian businessman Ranji Boparan, known as the “chicken king”, is set to axe around 1,800 jobs in the UK as part of a major restructuring of his food business empire.
The Birmingham-based tycoon, known as the “chicken king” for his mega poultry-focused business ‘2 Sisters’, is planning to shut two sites and cut jobs to rein in costs.
The company is one of the largest suppliers of poultry and meat to supermarkets and fast-food chains in the UK. The 47-year-old Boparan’s empire now includes ready meals, pizzas, frozen vegetables and biscuits, and he has 24,000 employees at 50 factories.
Inflation is expected to have fallen below the Bank of England’s 2% target for the first time in more than four years in January thanks to retailers slashing prices and lower fuel costs.
Many economists believe official figures on Tuesday will reveal a fall in the Consumer Prices Index (CPI) to 1.9% last month from 2% in December, which will mark the first time inflation has dropped below the target since November 2009.
It follows last month’s aggressive discounting by food and general merchandise retailers, with high streets seeing widespread deflation. The British Retail Consortium (BRC) said shop prices fell at their fastest rate last month, falling by 1% against a 0.8% drop in December.
Bank of England governor Mark Carney says the UK housing market is generally recovering.
Mr Carney told the BBC’s Andrew Marr programme that, looking at the UK as a whole, “we are now seeing house prices begin to recover, so it is a more generalised phenomenon”.
He said the only area where prices had not picked up was Northern Ireland. He also said there was little the bank could do to cool the London market, where prices were rising far faster.
Prices in London are rising by about 10% a year, but Mr Carney said a change in interest rate policy – not on the cards in any case until the recovery is well established – would not cool the market as a significant number of properties were bought without a mortgage.
The European Commission President Jose Manuel Barroso’s comments have been labelled “preposterous” and “ridiculous” by the SNP.
An independent Scotland joining the European Union would be “extremely difficult, if not impossible”, according to European Commission President Jose Manuel Barroso.
Mr Barroso said if the country voted for independence in a referendum on September 18 it would have to apply for membership and get its bid approved by all current member states.
The Scottish government has said the country would try to gain membership within 18 months of a yes vote. But Mr Barroso suggested this could run into difficulties. “We have seen Spain has been opposing even the recognition of Kosovo, for instance,” he told the BBC’s Andrew Marr Show.
A bus carrying 43 Romanian migrants back to Bucharest crashed in the early hours of Sunday morning in southern Sweden, after they had been evicted from a shanty town in Stockholm.
The accident took place in Alvesta when the bus veered off the national highway 27 shortly after midnight. One person, understood to be the bus driver, was seriously injured and spent the night in a local hospital although his injuries are not considered life threatening.
“It is very, very slippery on the roads in this area. It is completely icy which may have been a cause of the accident,” local policeman Percy Nilsson told the Expressen newspaper.
The other passengers spent the night in a hotel where a spokesperson said they were in shock following the crash.
Finland, a Nordic country that has been a model in the world in combating corruption, has witnessed an increase of suspected business related crimes in the past few years.
According to a fresh police report quoted by the Finnish Broadcasting Company Yle, alleged economic crimes have more than doubled over the past six years, from 91 cases in 2009 to 204 in 2013.
The increase was almost entirely due to a rise in cases involving the abuse of authority, which number has doubled since 2012.
Cuts to healthcare benefits in 2012 did not give the government the savings it expected, the national auditor says in a report published on Friday.
The benefits bill shrank by just €98m, while the government expected to save €600m. The €502m shortfall added 0.08% to GDP, says the national auditor, quoted by news agency ANP.
Although the number of households claiming healthcare benefits of up to around €70 a month per person did fall, the average cost per household was up €8. The government was expecting a drop of €50.
The national auditor says the cabinet gave ‘limited’ information to parliament about the shortfall and must keep parliament fully informed about the effects of all the cuts.
Ragger heads the local branch of the Austrian Freedom party (FPÖ) in its mountainous stronghold of Carinthia, in the south of the country. Once led by the flamboyant Jörg Haider, the FPÖ has been called everything from populist to neo-Nazi, yet it would be hard to imagine anyone less like the stereotype of a bull-necked, red-faced Alpine far right-winger than the FPÖ’s trim and cosmopolitan young leader.
Switzerland has declined to sign a deal opening labour market access to Croatians, a week after a vote to curb immigration from the EU, the justice department said Saturday.
Swiss Justice Minister Simonetta Sommaruga called Croatian Foreign Minister Vesna Pusic to inform her that Bern would not be able to sign a bilateral accord extending the right of free access to Switzerland for EU citizens to the bloc’s newest member state “in its current form,” a ministry spokesman said.
Sommaruga had also informed Brussels that the deal would need to be re-examined, spokesman Philippe Schwander told AFP, adding that the minister had stressed she was seeking a “solution” to ensure Croatians were not discriminated against.
The European Commission wants Spain to account for the drowning of 13 migrants who recently failed to swim to Ceuta, a Spanish enclave in North Africa. Spain earlier admitted that rubber bullets were fired at them, but claimed no one was injured.
“The commission will be requesting explanations from the Spanish authorities on these events,” EU Home Affairs spokesperson Michele Cercone said, adding that the commission has a right to act if there’s evidence that a member state has violated EU laws.
On Thursday, Spanish Interior Minister Jorge Fernandez Diaz admitted that local border police, in an effort to turn back around 200 migrants who tried to cross the frontier between Morocco and Spain’s Ceuta on February 6, had indeed fired rubber bullets at them.
While some tried to cross on land, at least thirteen migrants drowned in the Mediterranean trying to swim around a man-made breakwater that separates Moroccan and Spanish waters. Spanish police say they are still searching for more victims.
A group of Moroccan NGOs has called on Spain and Morocco to end “widespread violence” against illegal immigrants, in a letter to Spain’s ambassador, after 12 people drowned trying to cross their common border.
“We are deeply concerned to see the close cooperation between Spain and Morocco on border control today resulting in… widespread violence against migrants and security practices outside of any legal framework,” the eight NGOs said in the open letter seen by AFP on Friday.
“We ask you to intervene urgently with your government to put an end to these practices,” said the group, with included the Moroccan branch of Caritas and migrant support group GADEM.
Inflation in Spain in the first month of the year was at its lowest level on record reflecting the ongoing weakness of domestic demand due to high unemployment and falling wages. The National Statistics Institute (INE) on Friday confirmed earlier flash estimates that the consumer price index fell 1.3 percent in January from December as the annual rate slowed from 0.3 percent to 0.2 percent, the lowest level since the INE began compiling the current series in 1961.
Spain pulled out of recession in the third quarter of last year but the contribution of domestic demand to GDP remaining negative.
Annual inflation has now remained under 0.5 percent for the past five months and is well below the euro-zone average in January of 0.7 percent. Analysts have expressed fears of deflation taking a hold on the euro-zone economy as it did in Japan for over a decade. The ECB’s medium-term target for inflation is close to but below 2 percent.
Coca-Cola Iberian Partners, the multinational’s only bottling company in Spain, said at the end of January the closures were needed to improve efficiency. But workers argue the layoffs are unjustified since the company is making a profit.
owned by the US brand. Under the restructuring plan, four of the 11 plants in Spain — Fuenlabrada near Madrid, Palma, Oviedo and Alicante — will close.
The Spanish Cabinet on Friday approved a draft reform of the Intellectual Property Law, which includes a so-called “Google tax” on the use of fragments of “information, opinion and entertainment” grouped together, for example, on search engines.
Presented by Deputy Prime Minister Soraya Sáenz de Santamaría and Education and Culture Minister José Ignacio Wert, the reform allows the reproduction of such “non-significant fragments” without prior authorization but requires the payment of “equitable compensation” for doing so, Wert explained. Prior authorization will still be required for the use of photographs. Such a tax already exists in Germany and France.
Wert did not say how “non-significant fragments” would be defined nor how much compensation would be involved.
A JUDGE investigating the devastating train crash just outside Santiago de Compostela last July in which 79 passengers died has slammed the rail board for ‘putting profits before lives’.
According to a court report, the Administrator of Rail Infrastructures (ADIF) decided not to put in place the European-standard ERTMS braking system which automatically slows a train down when it is exceeding the speed limit, instead using the older ASFA system which does not warn the driver when the high-speed AVE line with a limit of 200 kilometres per hour switches to the regional line, where the speed limit is 80 kilometres per hour.
The report says this decision was purely financial and went against the duty of care the rail board has towards its passengers, and questions whether it could be considered ‘suspected criminal behaviour’.
Spanish patients, like all Europeans, will now be able now choose which EU country to seek treatment in. The Cabinet last week approved a decree that implements an EU directive on cross-border healthcare. Under the system, patients will advance the money for their treatment abroad, but can request a reimbursement from their own country.
The directive aims to go one step beyond the emergency treatment already covered by the European Health Card and let patients choose another member state for specific, non-emergency treatment.
But the initiative has raised questions, such as how many Spaniards will want to get surgery abroad. And how many foreigners will come to Spain for healthcare? Uppermost among people’s concerns is how reimbursement will take place. While some issues are already clear to the Health Ministry, others will have to be decided by the regions.
Italy’s head of state President Giorgio Napolitano yesterday set in train his third prime ministerial appointment in less than three years. His most conspicuous meeting was not, however, with soon-to-be premier Matteo Renzi, but with the disgraced tycoon Silvio Berlusconi, who appears to be enjoying yet another unlikely political revival.
Pundits are predicting that the centrist Mr Renzi, dubbed “Italy’s Tony Blair”, could be sworn in as soon as Tuesday. In addition to reviving Italy’s moribund economy the 39-year-old has promised to make a radical overhaul of its flawed electoral and political system his priority, to prevent hung parliaments of the type Italy currently labours under.
But to get a deal on electoral reform through parliament, Mr Renzi is, to the horror of many in his centre-left Democratic Party, doing a deal with convicted tax fraud Berlusconi. Berlusconi, as a convicted criminal, has been expelled from parliament, but still leads the biggest centre-right grouping, Forza Italia.
Italian President Giorgio Napolitano summoned Matteo Renzi to a meeting on Monday at which he is expected to ask the center-left leader to form a government that must overhaul one of the most troubled economies in the euro zone.
Napolitano is likely to ask the slick-talking mayor of Florence to form the country’s 65th government since World War Two in the meeting, which a statement from the president’s office said was scheduled for 10.30 a.m. (0930 GMT) in Rome.
Enrico Letta resigned as prime minister on Friday after his Democratic Party (PD) forced him to make way for Renzi, 39, who is promising radical reforms to the euro zone’s third-biggest economy and a government that can survive until 2018.
Renzi would become the youngest prime minister in Italian history.
Renzi would be Italy’s youngest ever prime minister if his bid succeeds and has promised a radical programme of reforms to combat rampant unemployment, boost growth and slash the costs of Italy’s weighty bureaucratic machine. Opinion polls show Renzi enjoys high popularity ratings, mainly because as someone with no experience in national government or parliament he is seen as a welcome breath of fresh air in Italy’s discredited political system.
Moody’s Investors Service on Friday raised the outlook on Italy’s government bond rating to stable from negative, citing improved financial strength in the European country.
It reaffirmed Italy’s bond rating at Baa2, its second-lowest investment grade, and its Prime-2 debt ratings, which is considered a moderate credit risk.
The rating agency said that it expects the government’s debt-to-gross domestic product ratio to level off in 2014 as economic growth modestly resumes. It pointed to Italy’s strong government bond market, which is one of the largest in Europe, as an indicator of strength.
Moody’s also said that that the government’s balance sheet is looking less risky, citing lower risks tied to its banking sector as the capitalization in that sector has stabilized.
On 10 February, thousands protested in a dozen Bosnian cities to demand that politicians be replaced by non-partisan experts who can better address the nearly 40% unemployment and rampant corruption, AP reported.
It was the sixth day of the worst unrest the Balkan country has seen since the end of the 1991-95 Bosnian war, which killed 100,000.
The peace deal that ended the war created a complex political system in which more than 150 ministries govern Bosnia’s four million people. Corruption is widespread and high taxes eat away at paychecks. One in five Bosnian lives below the poverty line. Svjetlana Nedimovic, an unemployed political scientist, accused the European Union — whose 28 foreign ministers were discussing Bosnia on Monday — of turning its back on her country even as it supports protesters in Ukraine.
After the jump, the latest chaos in Greece, Ukrainian stalemate, Turkish judicial independence constrained, neoserfdom in the Gulf, a Cuban cutoff, drought and violence in Brazil, Venzuelan protests, Mexican vigilantes, Chinese lending [and bad loans] hit a peak, hot money flight in Manilla, Japanese tax cuts and investments, a radioactive leak in New Mexico, childhood toxins, and the latest Fukushimapocalypse Now!
First came the rising rates of homelessness. Then, the explosive growth of suicides. Now, four years into a devastating financial crisis, Greece’s youngest citizens are falling through the cracks of the country’s disheveled society.
Either deserted at maternity wards days after their birth, bundled inside pillowcases, or packed in cardboard boxes dumped on the doorsteps of churches, clinics and charity centers, abandoned babies are turning up all over the country.
Hard statistics are difficult to come by. But in a telling tale of the trend and an admission of the devastating effects of austerity on young children, Health Minister Adonis Georgiadis told parliament recently that the number of abandoned infants had soared by 336 percent alone in the state’s flagship pediatrics hospital since the start of the financial crisis.
German Chancellor Angela Merkel has blocked a bid by her powerful finance minister to offer fresh aid to Greece ahead of European elections in May, Der Spiegel magazine reported on Sunday.
Finance Minister Wolfgang Schaeuble had wanted to give the ailing Greek government a “demonstration of solidarity” by committing this spring to further support from Europe after the May 25 poll.
“He sees the danger that without the prospect of further aid, radical parties in Greece could make big gains in the election,” leading the government in Athens to collapse, the magazine reported.
The viability of the Greek debt and the financing gap for the years 2015-2016 will be discussed “from the summer onwards,” European Commission Vice-President and Commissioner for Economic and Monetary Affairs and the Euro Olli Rehn told an interview with German Sunday newspaper Welt am Sonntag. He noted that the official Eurostat report for the Greek fiscal data will be available on April 23.
“In the case of Greece, we have to decide three things: First, we must complete the current troika mission, which began as of September. This relates to Greece’s funding in 2014 and the state of reforms. This will be done soon. Secondly, the financing gaps for 2015 and 2016, and thirdly, the issue of debt sustainability,” the Commissioner said.
Amidst a critical phase for the economy, society and politics, the Prime Minister Antonis Samaras spoke to To Vima and spoke about everything.
The Prime Minister praises the primary surpluses that were achieved a year before, explains that the debt relief and return to the markets will be based on these surpluses and announces that a significant portion of the surpluses will return to society, pensioners and uniformed officers.
Furthermore, under condition that the surpluses are maintained, he promises a gradual reduction of taxes. And clarifies that his goal is to gradual reduce the rates of VAT, income tax, profits and of course, real estate. Especially with regards to real estate taxes, he outright states that he has planned to reduce them by 38% by 2016.
Mr. Samaras claims that Greece is exiting the recession, entering a growth phase and estimates that the economy will by 3% on an annual basis from 2016 onwards.
A high-ranking European officer expressed his surprise at the Greek government’s “confidence” with regards to the primary surplus from 2013 and noted that it is too soon for the Eurostat to have a clear picture of what the primary surplus will actually be.
While the officer admits that he hopes that the Greek government is correct to be as confident as it appears to be, sine it would mean that no further funding would be necessary, he could not help but express his doubt and amazement. The discussions for further debt relief are scheduled to begin after the surplus is confirmed.
According to the anonymous European officer, the situation in Greece will be evaluated at the Eurogroup on Monday and estimated that a preliminary deal for the troika’s return to Athens will be reached by the Eurogroup scheduled for the 10th of March.
Greek farmers decided to continue their struggle in order to push the government to satisfy their demands which they claim are vital for their survival. They have announced a panhellenic rally on Wednesday, February 19 in the center of Athens, Greece. Farmers called all Greek citizens to participate, expressing their opposition to the government’s policy, which afflicts all workers and vulnerable social groups.
Farmers in Thessaly, central Greece carried out a rally on Sunday as a response “to the intransigence of the Greek government,” blocking circulation in main highways of the region.
Moreover, farmers from Serres, northern Greece blocked the Egnatia highway on Sunday noon, for about half an hour, forming a human cordon.
A group of 42 SYRIZA MPs have demanded from the Ministers of Transport, Justice and Public Order to repeal the recent hike in tolls, which sparked violent protests in Oropos.
The Opposition MPs claim that “the government has deceived the Greek people once one and carried out excessive hikes” and cited comments from the Minister of Infrastructure, Transport and Networks Michalis Chrysochoidis from December 2013, when he stated in Parliament that “there is no provision for a toll hike, absolutely none”.
The MPs further stress that the excessive toll hikes are introduced after the dramatic wage and pension cuts and argued that the hike will only benefit the toll operators and cause harm to the community at large.
Finance Minister Yannis Stournaras is due back in Brussels on Monday where he is expected to come under pressure to push forward troika-mandated economic reforms amid reports that European officials are keen for the Greek government to wrap up negotiations quickly and shift its focus to European Parliament elections in May which are expected to be hotly contested.
Ahead of Monday’s Eurogroup, a top-ranking European official told Kathimerini that there is a desire for resolution. “Europeans want the evaluation of 2013 to conclude as soon as possible,” the official said, referring to a troika review that began in September. The official added that Europeans were prepared to tone down their demands as regards the thornier issues being negotiated, such as calls for relaxing restrictions on mass layoffs in the private sector and pressure for privatizations.
A key concern is to ensure that Prime Minister Antonis Samaras does not have additional political pressure on him ahead of elections in May when the leftist, anti-bailout SYRIZA is expected to make significant gains, as is the neo-fascist Golden Dawn.
SYRIZA leader Alexis Tsipras in an interview to Sueddeutsche Zeitung newspaper on Saturday referred to the need of a new deal for the Greek economy expressing the opinion that Greece played the role of a guinea pig.
“With the shock doctrine they wanted to see how much the people can bear” said Tsipras who predicted SYRIZA’s broad victory in the imminent elections (Euroelections and local government elections) noting that the Left’s criticism for the Europe has nothing to do with that of the ‘Right populists”.
Asked on government’s claims of a major primary surplus of 1.5 billion euros in 2013, Tsipras said that according to his party’s calculations it is only a numerical surplus because the government has to pay over 1.2 billion euros. “If EU accepts the figures, this will be a political decision, it will be an effort to support prime minister Antonis Samaras” he said.
At a press question why he wants to govern under so difficult conditions, the main opposition leader said “We want to govern because the conditions are so difficult. To change things. It has nothing to do with personal ambitions or with positions. We want this tragedy to end”.
Greek opposition leader Alexis Tsipras said today he will not support any candidate for president in spring 2015 in the hope of forcing an early parliamentary election.
President Karolos Papoulias’ term ends in March 2015 and, under Greece’s constitution, his successor will need the support of 180 deputies in Greece’s 300-seat parliament, equivalent to a 3/5ths majority.
But the government has only 153 seats, meaning it would have to rely on the support of Tsipras’s Syriza’s 71 deputies or of smaller parties also opposed to Greece’s EU/IMF bailout.
“We will not support any candidate,” Tsipras said in an interview in the weekend edition of German newspaper Sueddeutsche Zeitung.
The union of Greek civil servants (ADEDY) reacting to the bill lodged by the Ministry of Administrative Reform and Electronic Governance and the upcoming dismissals, has announced two 48-hour strikes.
The Ministry’s bill, through the abolition and merger of legal entities is promoting new dismissals. The civil servants also object to the new evaluation system in the public sector, according to which it will be compulsory that 15% of civil servants are assessed as inadequate.
The first 48-hour strike will take place on March 13 and 14. The protests will escalate on March 22 when the Greek government will announce the first day of layoffs of civil servants who entered the availability scheme eight months ago.
Employees in the public sector stated that they will struggle against layoffs and the dismantling of public services and that they will coordinate their action with the fights of the Greek society suffering from unemployment and poverty. The union of Greek civil servants has also invited the General Confederation of Greek Workers (GSEE) and other social organizations in Greece to join their fight to defend public goods and the overthrowing of the troika’s brutal and destructive policies. | 2019-04-21T08:10:12Z | http://feedreader.com/observe/richardbrenneman.wordpress.com/2014%2F02%2F16%2Fheadlines-of-the-day-ii-econoecopolifukufailure%2F%3F+itemId=924669206?from=57074953 |
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As a blogger it's difficult to look at something and think that it can't be done better. In fact when you have a ton of blogs for a game all devoted to the same thing a lot of the content that you see is recycled from one blog to the next. When I first set out to create a Guild Wars 2 Crafting Guide I was looking through a bunch of different research on blogs, forums, major websites and just about anything else that I could find to try and compile an in-depth guide to help all of you understand the crafting system in Guild Wars 2. The more I looked the more I found one specific thing. Everybody seems to be referencing a certain set of videos from a user on YouTube who has just done a better job than anyone else can. After watching them I just accepted the fact that I could not possibly rewrite it or do any better because this guy has done it as perfect as perfect gets.
Today's post was supposed to highlight all the different features of of the Guild Wars 2 Crafting System. after I began working on it I decided to scrap this post entirely and flat out admit defeat to Enigmus1. I decided that it was more appropriate to just give credit where credit is due because this guy has done a fantastic job. He's made the best guided YouTube videos that I have seen for the game so far.
So here you are ladies and gentlemen – the Guild Wars 2 Crafting Guide that I could not possibly do any better and I willingly give the crown for best Guild Wars 2 Crafting Guide to Enigmus1 of Youtube.
"Guild Wars 2 Complete Beginner Crafting Guide"
It is so easy to create a YouTube video and throw it up haphazardly and declare it a guide. Clearly this person took a considerable amount of time to put this video together and they deserve all the credit in the world for doing that. Since Enigmus1 has done such an amazing job at this video, and many of his others on his channel, I would implore that you go to YouTube and follow this gentleman because he makes some of the best videos for Guild Wars 2 that I have seen so far.
Thanks for your time everyone. I will see you tomorrow!
Guild Wars 2 tells you exactly how to make gold. No seriously, it does!
Perhaps one of the coolest things that I found throughout playing the beta was that Guild Wars 2 has a feature built right into the trading post UI which essentially tells you how to make gold. I know it sounds a little bit strange but it is the truth! If you go into the second tab of the trading post there are four columns. The first is top valued items. The second is top supplied items. The third is top demanded items. Finally, the last one is top traded items. By using these tabs, namely the middle two, you can make a ton of gold on the Guild Wars 2 Trading Post.
This tip is very easy and it takes little effort to actually make gold. In essence all you are doing is taking the two middle lists and comparing them to one another to find discrepancies between the two. On the top supplied list, at least in the beta, the most supplied item was copper ore. Similarly the top demanded item was also copper ore. That stayed true throughout the entire beta weekend and it makes sense considering copper is used to level up almost all the professions in the game besides cooking. So when you take a look at the two lists what you want to do is find items that are on the top demanded list, but not on the top supplied list. You can probably tell by now that what I'm about to explain is just simple supply and demand understanding. It is the classic example of buying an item at a low price and selling it at a higher one. The other thing you could do if you are not wanting to just buy the items to resell them would be to gather your own items by way of the different gathering professions or even utilizing the salvaging ability which rewards you with trophies and things of that nature. During the beta trophies were a hot-selling item for many people who want to level up there crafting quickly.
During the course of the beta I spent an extensive amount of time obtaining the items that were on the top demanded list and not on the top supplied list. In most cases I sold them in a relatively short amount of time, but just like everything that you sell in the game it is always a bit of a tossup. In the coming weeks I will try to outline some strategies for how to price your items beyond what is already built into the interface of the game. While it is nice to have the option of matching the lowest bidder and things of that nature you can still place your own prices on items. Undercutting doesn't always constitute the best method for selling an item believe it or not. In fact – many times you can actually place your item for the same price or even a small bit higher and still sell your items. This is not any less true when you're selling items from the top demanded list. The beauty of selling items that are in high demand is that you are controlling the prices for the most part. So selling these items means that you can get a little bit more than you normally would under different circumstances.
In many of the MMO's that we played in the past pricing was entirely revolved around doing your own research. The nice thing about the Guild Wars 2 Trading Post interface is that it's constantly tracking data for you. Things like Gems and the prices of Copper Ore are told to you right on the main screen of the trading post. This cuts down on a lot of extra time wasted doing the research and can now be redistributed to doing other things like gathering or crafting for profits.
Guild Wars 2 trading post special Saturday update on incorrect information.
I know initially I had said that I won't be writing posts on Saturdays. That is still going to be true, but on rare occasions I may throw one up if I have nothing else going on. In this case the Olympics are boring me to death since there are no good events on and I decided that I should clarify some misinformation that was posted on another blog out there. It pertains to the Guild Wars 2 Trading Post and certain strategies that some believe will work to make gold which are actually physically impossible.
What am I talking about? Well it pertains to another blog that stated you should sell vendor items on the Guild Wars 2 Trading Post. One of the things I meant to research during the beta was whether or not you could actually sell vendor purchased gathering tools on the trading post. Unfortunately, I completely forgot to look into it when the time came. The game was just so fun and I had so many things to look into that this flew under the radar and I'd never thought about it until the Monday morning after the beta had Artie shutdowns. At any rate – the strategy that this blog had stated was to buy vendor purchased gathering tools, put them on the auction house and sell them for a markup of 10 times what you could purchase them for at a vendor. This in and of itself isn't a bad idea and I would absolutely suggest you do it, but it's the next part of their strategy that I wanted to set the record straight on.
This is the excerpt of their strategy and how you can make gold with a markup on vendor purchased gathering tools.
Player 1 lists Rough Mining Picks on the Trading Post for 10x the vendor price.
Player 2 uses up their last rough mining pick while farming in the game world. He sees a super rare mining node and has to decide between running back to town for a Rough Mining Pick or buying one from the Trading Post.
Both players benefit from the sale of that Rough Mining Pick! Also look into selling other vendor items like threads that are required to craft discipline recipes."
How many of you after reading that already recognize that this scenario is completely impossible? Those of us who have actually played the game and have a thorough understanding of the Guild Wars 2 Trading Post already know that you can purchase items on the trading post from anywhere in the world. In that sense this strategy is correct. Where the impossibility comes into play is that they would be buying this out of convenience and they would be willing to pay 10 times the vendor price of the item. This is subpar advice based on the fact that anything you purchase on the Guild Wars 2 trading post, whether you purchase it in the world or in town, must be retrieved at the trading post itself.
So the idea that somebody is willing to pay 10 times the vendor price is highly unlikely considering they would be forced to go into a town, which already would contain the vendor selling their item, to pick up whatever they had just purchased on the trading post. When I first decided to correct this misinformation I debated whether or not to add a link to this blog. It may be a bit controversial, but I have decided that I will not do that on the grounds that they are providing inaccurate information. In addition to that the blog writer is writing about making gold in Guild Wars 2 having openly admitted to never playing the game before. Something that I find to be absolutely deplorable.
As you can tell this post doesn't pertain so much to making gold as it does to correcting information that has been put out that is absolutely incorrect. I believe that part of blogging, especially when you're trying to help other people, is getting your information as accurate as you possibly can. When someone admits that they have never played the game before and they get this sort of information incorrect I am more than happy to step up and let people know that it is incorrect – and provide the correct information. If people were to read that and start pricing their items on the basis that they can sell them for convenience at a severe markup they stand to lose money in a big way. I don't want that for any of the fantastic readers of this site so now you know and you got the correct information.
If someone has tested out whether or not you can sell vendor purchase items on the Guild Wars 2 Trading Post. I'd be very grateful if you would pass along the information as to being able to sell vendor purchased items.
I'm not going to make it a habit of calling out other blogs on this site. I strive to keep the community that I'm working on building as drama free as possible; however, I will always make it a point to correct misinformation no matter how basic it is. This is a great example because knowing that you need to go back to a trading post to pick up your items is one of the most basic things to understand when purchasing items on the Guild Wars 2 Trading Post. There really is no excuse for not knowing this considering it is the second line of the Guild Wars 2 Trading Post wiki page.
Thank you for your time everyone and I will talk to you tomorrow!
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Guild Wars 2 Gold Guides. Do you need them? Not at all!
This isn't so much a warning to MMO players, but more just to those players who are new. If you have been playing MMO games like Guild Wars 2 you have no doubt run into those shady, scammy-looking, self-proclaimed best asset for making gold in the entire world guides. Many people do buy them. It is sort of that same thing where people will buy gold from websites. Heck!--it even goes beyond videogames. Get rich quick books have been around for ages--probably since books were first published, but you get what I am saying. The point is those books and guides exist because there is a demand for them from certain types of people.
In the coming weeks you will be seeing a whole slew of Guild Wars 2 Gold Guides popping up saying that you can make tons of gold on the Guild Wars 2 Trading Post. I am here to tell you that while you can buy them; you really do not need one. So don't let yourself be fooled into thinking that you do. If you are going to spend your money on a way to make gold, why not just invest in gems anyway? Although you could just use a site that gives out what is essentially a Free Guild Wars 2 gold guide. Hmm, I wonder where someone would find a site like that?
I have reviewed countless guides since I started blogging. I've seen guides for World of Warcraft, Aion, Warhammer, Star Wars: The Old Republic, Guild Wars, Diablo 3, Rift and some I'm sure I've forgotten. One guide author, and I won't call him out at this point, jumps from game to game and has already announced that he is going to be moving on to Guild Wars 2. He used to run a World of Warcraft blog which sold a guide, then he moved to Diablo 3 [also sold a guide] and runs a "How to blog" website as well which sells numerous services related to getting readers to a blog. While he stands out the most only because I know him personally he is not alone. This is how most of these people operate. They will always be out trying to sell their stuff to the biggest market available and that is why you see them coming to Guild Wars 2.
Earlier I mentioned that guides exist for a certain market of people. I don't mean to insult anyone that has purchased one before, but the market I was referring to were people who are any one of the following things. Either they are gullible, they are lazy or they just don't know where to find the proper information. In most cases it is the last one. With the Internet being so big it is hard to ever find one specific thing in some cases and that is where the idea of having a guide is attractive to some. As someone who has always been against the selling of guides I would like to announce right now that I will be putting together a 100% free Guild Wars 2 Gold Guide! It isn't going to cost you a cent and that is the way free information should be. All these guides have information in them that is just collected, or even worse, recycled from previous guides that they have put out.
So what will be in the Free Guild Wars 2 Gold Guide?
I will be including as much as I possibly can, but it isn't going to happen overnight. It will be a constant ongoing process and it will never truly be complete. I will try to cover the most efficient ways to make gold in the game starting with the Guild Wars 2 Trading Post. This is a powerful tool since it is shared across all servers. Many people are already overwhelmed by the Guild Wars 2 Trading Post, but I am here to tell you that you need not be scared. One important thing to note is that there are always going to be more buyers than sellers. That is the nature of the market. So if you are adding a million new sellers that means that there are more than a million new buyers as well. That is the key component that many people are leaving out when they express their worry with the trading post.
There is so much more to the game than just the trading post though. There is also much to speak about on behalf of farming, crafting, exploring, trading gems, flipping items, identifying markets, increasing your own efficiency and much much more. This post would be way too long if I tried to even write a brief statement on each thing so I will save you the time for now.
My goal with providing a Free Guild Wars 2 Gold Guide is to eliminate the need for any of you to spend money. I am against those guides for many reasons. Not all of which I have already stated to you. That list is also extensive. On the other hand I do not go against new ideas and I will still do what I have always done and review any Guild Wars 2 Gold Guide that you guys want me to. I will give an honest review of the product and let you know right up front if you would be wasting your money or not.
In closing I want to wish you all a fantastic weekend and hope to see you back here on Monday! This site has exploded in the last week since the beta and I have even gotten a few nice e-mails as well. I want to encourage any of you that want to contact me or even contribute a guest post to do so through the contact me form on the top navigation bar.
Capitalizing on those lazy players on day one. Don't be one of them!
On opening day and the days following there is going to be a massive demand for trophy's in Guild Wars 2. One of the first things I started looking into when I began working on the Guild Wars 2 Gold Guide was trophy farming. The most profitable ventures in MMO's are the supply and sale of commodities that other players need. Players are always going to take the path of least resistance. Therefore many are likely to buy their materials rather than farm them for themselves. Use this opportunity to capitalize off of others lazy behavior and don't fall victim to the temptation of doing the same.
The strategy that I plan to use is to wait just a measly 48 hours after the game launches before I start to really hammer away on my professions. In my guide I stated that you need to get your crafting disciplines on their feet as early as you can. I still stand by that 100%; however, I also would consider saving money to make money and that would make waiting quite beneficial. I'm not saying to let your disciplines sit there and collect dust though. I am saying play the game as you normally would. All the trophies that you collect which help out your disciplines you should certainly use to advance them and discover new recipes. Everything else should be sold. Sell it early because those prices are likely to fall quickly. Learning from past MMO experiences I am expecting this to happen. I will explain a bit.
It is this brief period that you are going to sell everything that you possibly can that doesn't directly help you. You are going to amass a sizable amount of gold by unloading all those trophies. While other players may be out spending 100 gold on a stack you will get it just 48 hours later, if you choose to buy it, for much less. Maybe even half the cost. At this point you can get much cheaper materials and level your discipline for much less. This all falls under that age old saying "If you are saving money, you are making money."
If you are a bit worried with this strategy just keep a general eye on the markets when the beta rolls around. It is going to be a bit artificial since people know that they have a finite amount of time to play, but they are still going to have a certain sensibility about what they are purchasing. When the servers go live on July 20th just jot down on a piece of paper what the prices of ore are on the trading post. Wait four hours and track them again. Then wait another four hours and track them again. Do this as often as you are willing to spend time doing it. I assure you that after plotting it out on a graph you will see a declining trend in those prices. Whatever that trend happens to be just remember that it is with people who are radically spending their money.
The Guild Wars 2 gem trade has potential for massive profits using the most simple economic strategies.
One of the more interesting approaches by ArenaNet to fund the ongoing development of Guild Wars 2 is their idea to incorporate real-money transactions (RMT) into the game. Right now the only purchasable item in the game is gems, but who knows where that could take them years down the road. For today I will focus gems though. In case you don't know a thing about gems I wrote a post last Friday highlighting all the many currencies of Guild Wars 2. So if you are new be sure to go and take a look at that I will be right here waiting.
Gems will be an important item in the economy because they are purchased by players. I know that they can be traded for gold. That is a huge feature to the whole gems market that will be a gold makers dream. The most basic concept in economics is buy low, sell high and the potential for making tons of gold off of gems is no different. Because the entire market is driven on players purchasing gems for real money the price of gems will always be fluctuating. When a bunch of players buy them they will be worth less and when those gems are gone they will become more valuable. The way you make money on this is by anticipation and research. Unfortunately there is no way to know much about their pricing patterns at this point since we've got no legitimate market to reference at this juncture.
When the game launches there will be an incredible opportunity to make some serious gold. There will be no established pricing point so you could spend a few buck on some gems and sell them for gold. They will likely sell for much more in the first 48 hours than they will after that. If you are willing to spend $5-10 this may be the easiest way to get some capital and start your speedy journey to leveling up your professions.
Now if you aren't prone to spending real money on virtual item this is the other option. First--DO NOT buy any gems in the first 48 hours of the games launch for gold. They will be prices extremely high and players are going to be greedy trying to catch an early buck. Instead I would suggest you take note of the price as one of the first things you do when you log in on day 1. Then check that prices every few hours. If the prices drops then you keep waiting. Continue waiting for that price to fall. You will be amazed at how ridiculous the prices where when you logged in. This is common in every MMO to have ever been released. World of Warcraft, the game I came from, had this same thing happen with ores when Cataclysm launched.
Now that I've gotten the first 48 hours out of the way I will show you how to profit in the years after that. Or at least until they change things up entirely which isn't impossible.
The key to making money on gem sales will be in tracking the prices. There are common trends in MMO's in that prices rise an fall due to different levels of player activity. The game will have different levels of people playing it at different times. Day to day there will be more people online between the hours of 6PM and 10PM. Those are pretty standard peak hours for all online games. Then you have the weekly trends. More people will be playing the game on Friday and Saturday nights than any other time. These higher levels of player activity will result in more gems being purchased and thus the stock of gems will shrink. In turn, the prices of gems will rise due to that. Since gems are essentially a consumed item and they need to be purchased with real money its stock isn't as likely to be replenished as quickly as if it were crafting materials. At least that is general consensus across most of the community.
Going on a time slot of 6PM to 10PM is a great place to get started, but you will still want to personally track the prices because efficiency is key and you want to maximize the amount you are getting on your investments. You may be able to get 5-10% more just because you sold your gems at a certain time. It doesn't sound like much, but stretch that profit out over a few months and you will have accrued a nice chunk of gold. One of the major things I am covering in the Guild Wars 2 Gold Guide that I am working on is efficiency. There are always corners that can be cut for profit and it is important to identify them in order to squeeze extra gold out of your every interaction in the game.
Guild Wars 2 Day 1 Beta Impressions.
Hey everybody, this post isn't going to be as much about gold making but more or less just my impressions of the beta so far. Having spent only about five hours and at this point I have to say I am very much impressed with the game. My number one concern was the graphics from all the videos that I've seen. It just seemed a little bit like the graphics weren't as good as some of the other ones I've seen as far as the current generation of massively multi player online games go. I can confidently say now that the videos did not do the game any justice as far as the graphics. I am completely blown away by the way this game looks. It has some incredibly vivid colors and the terrain is just breathtaking. On top of that, the terrain itself just the way it's lain out is fantastic.
As far as the stability of the game goes I am also impressed with that as well. The setup that they chose where the have overflow servers is pretty genius if you ask me. I got a few notifications that had been placed in overflow server based on the server that I was playing on. What was nice about having these pop up was that they weren't intrusive in any way it was just a simple notification where you could click okay or I believe cancel. It didn't take any extra time to do anything there wasn't even a loading screen which was very nice. Now – I understand it is going to be a plethora of issues that need to be fixed before the game launches. That's common with just about any game nowadays. There's a few minor tweaks and glitches here and there that I've run into, but as long as you take the time to let the company know about it blows can have the chance to be fixed by the time the game launches.
I do have a few issues with the game right now. None of which are game breaking if you ask me. Perhaps my biggest gripe with the game comes with the jumping mechanic. Maybe it has to do with my experience in prior MMO's, most specifically World of Warcraft, but it seems like that jumping animation is incredibly fast. It seems like you jump up in the air and then you actually shoot back down to the ground which is really strange to me. I did make a point to check a few of the different races to see how it looked with them and I can say that the Charr make the animation look normal. Or at least more normal that is.
As I mentioned earlier I am very impressed with Guild Wars 2 so far. I look forward to testing out the game for the rest of the weekend and experiencing the content as I progress to the game. As I mentioned earlier this morning in my post my main goal, for myself, in testing out this game this weekend is to establish ways to make gold when the game finally launches. I will be putting out a few more updates tomorrow during the day, but I cannot tell you when they will happen because they are pretty spontaneous. I've also been taking a lot of video since the beta went live. In the coming days I will be uploading a lot of the videos to YouTube and putting them in posts on this site.
Stay tuned for all the posts that are coming up in the next 48 hours. Thank you and I hope you guys are enjoying the beta is much as I am!
Primary goals for Guild Wars 2 beta weekend.
For the vast majority of people who are going to take part in the final beta weekend it is just a chance to play the game that they've been anxiously following for the last 3+ years. To some extent I am the same way; however, I do have a little bit of homework to do while I enjoy Guild Wars 2 as well. That's right! I'm not just going into this weekend wanting to play the game. There are many questions to be answered at this point. What are gems going to trade for? What is the most efficient way to craft? What is the most efficient way to farm for crafting materials? Those are all important questions that need to be answered before the beta is over. I say need because a lot of the strategies for day one will depend on knowing those answers.
I understand the desire to just play, or test, the beta when you get into it. Many people would rather take these opportunities to play the game instead of doing a bit of homework. Majority of players are going to do that. Which is exactly why you will be ahead of the curve on day one if you take this time and spend just a few extra hours to familiarize yourself with some of the best gathering routes or even the locations of farms. It is having these small bits of information that add up to having a sizable advantage over your competition on day one. It sounds very korny to say, but moments like this really can separate you from the rest of the players.
I'm not going to tell you exactly what you should do this weekend. I never intended to tell you or anyone reading this site how to play the game. If I am telling you what to do you aren't playing the game for yourself and to me that just doesn't sound enjoyable. Researching doesn't mean you have to spend the entire weekend crunching numbers and recording vendor prices of items. One of the most simplistic things you could do would be track the price of gems. I have stated time and time again that the gem market will be an easy way to make money. Especially since they are all on a shared economy. What tracking the prices of gems will do is give you a loose prediction on what you can do at launch to turn profits on gems.
During this weekend, while you are enjoying the game, just keep a sheet of paper or two near you and keep note of different important things as you play/test Guild Wars 2. It is an important time to do some of the easy legwork in order to get the jump on your competition, but above all make sure you are enjoying yourself. It is going to be a very long month wait before we get to play the game again so get your fill.
See you all in beta!
P.S. I will be posting a daily update over the weekend on my findings. It may come across as the ramblings of a mad-person, but I will be playing extensively so I apologize in advance.
Understanding the flow of gems in Guild Wars 2.
Today's post is just a simple diagram that I created last night on the flow of gems in Guild Wars 2. Some people have been a little bit confused in thinking that they could purchase gems, using gold, from ArenaNet. This is not the case. You can purchase them with gold from other players, but not from Arenanet. Hopefully this will eliminate a bit of the confusion--or, given my artistic ability, it will make you more confused than ever before.
Gems will be a monster market in Guild Wars 2. Making gold off of gems will be as simple as the age old strategy of buy low, sell high. When the supply is high you will buy, buy, buy. When it is low you will sell, sell and sell some more.
Do your research during the beta. This also includes buying gems.
As we are here gearing up for the beta ArenaNet released a bit more information on what we can expect this weekend. The biggest thing they mentioned was actually old news for most people. It was announcing that we will be able to test out the Asura and Sylvari characters. if you are unfamiliar with these classes all you need to know is that the Asura have a character named Zojja and she is voices by Felicia Day. If you don't know who she is I can't help you sorry.
In addition to the new character classes we are also going to be able to see Brixban Wildlands for the first time. For me this consists mostly of gather, discovering farms and locating major points of interest for gold making. I will be trying to compile a list, with locations, of all the farms that I can get around to finding. Some of them are public information already, but then again everything is public information as some point when the Internet is involved.
Keg Brawling is something that I have to be honest and say I haven't heard of before. I don't follow every forums on the Internet so it may have been mentioned and slipped through my fingers. My apologies--I'm human. At any rate Keg brawling is a mini-game where you are tossing kegs across an icy lake and try to fill up Ale Collectors belonging to your opponents.
Then there are Vistas... Something I have a hard time getting excited out. It is a panoramic view of the area that you are in. This video that ArenaNet linked to pretty much carries the same level of excitement that I have for vistas, but don't take my word for it.
Last bit of non-information pertaining to the beta before I get into the guts of it is additional maps for PvP and expanded World versus World compared to previous beta weekends.
This is the part of the post that gets into the gold making side of things. You know--the reason which you are likely here for. They have opened the gem store for the beta which to some may seem a bit strange, but don't worry. I would actually suggest purchasing some gems this weekend. Don't go crazy and spend a hundred dollars or anything like that, but spend a few bucks. I suggest this strictly for research purposes. Oh yeah--and you get those gems back when the game launches so it's not like you're flushing money down the turlet. Even though this weekend is just a beta people have spent real money on gems so they aren't going to spend them like they are play money. They may be a bit more cavalier than they would at launch, but it will still be a good measure of what you can expect at launch.
If you really are against the whole Guild Wars 2 Real-Money Transaction thing you can just wait for my to post my own findings. I do want to stress that I am just one person so don't take my findings as carved in stone statistics. Hopefully enough people will purchase gems knowing they will get them back. If that is so we will get a pretty good cross-section of what to expect on launch day.
The thing you will want to do is track the prices of gems from opening day until the beta shuts down. The more often you can track them the better off you will be. Having more data is always best; which I'm sure I didn't need to tell you.
I wasn't able to get into the Guild Wars 2 Beta Weekend what do I do?
If you weren't able to get into the beta weekend you aren't out of luck. First I would like to know why the hell you didn't preorder the game since it granted beta access. I'm joking. I understand that some people don't go for preorders and that is fine. If you aren't going to be participating in the beta you can still watch any one of the thousands of live streams that will be going on. I am still debating whether I will be doing so or not. It will come down to whether I see a drop in performance or not when I am streaming. Either way though, if I don't stream you can watch the official Guild Wars 2 Twitch.TV Channel. There will also be a live stream from the guys as TheTyrianOrder as well.
I will try to publish a streams list on Friday before I get going if I have the time so you can jump around if you like. No promises though.
So how do I make gold in Guild Wars 2?
How do I make gold in Guild Wars 2?
For anyone just starting out in an MMO, or even just a new MMO, it can be extremely overwhelming when you begin. Quickly you realize that the game is significantly less enjoyable when you lack gold. Without gold you are actually held back from doing some of the most fun things the game has to offer! Repair costs alone can run people broke if they don't have a steady income in the game. In many ways Guild Wars 2 is like real life. If you play the game regularly you will have regular recurring gold costs that are, in most cases, unavoidable. This leads all Guild Wars 2 players to the same question. "So how do I make gold in Guild Wars 2?"
Most players have little desire or motivation to make gold to the extent that I want to. I wanna roll in it! Many players just want to have enough to participate with their friends and/or guild-mates. So that becomes a different challenge. That's right, making less gold can be more of a challenge for some. You see people, like me, who want to make incredible quantities of gold are into controlling markets, playing trends, and just plain old fashioned ruthless economics. Where other players may be willing to go to that point, they just don't know where to start. So I thought about how someone who is just wanting to make enough to have a good time would go about doing that. Here is exactly How to make gold in Guild Wars 2.
The key to making gold is to go for those simplistic markets that you can drop in an out of without having to go up against competition. Those would include food ingredients, ore, wood and even bags will be fine. Bags may be a bit more competitive, but they will always be a big seller so I wouldn't shy away from selling them.
The second way is farming. There are two ways you can make money doing this. Sometimes people will literally hire you to go out and farm for them. While this may not be the most graceful way to play the game it is easy to do and you can pretty much shut your brain off while you are doing it. Of course this would be the option only in the case when the crafting materials market is in the tank and selling ore yourself would seem like a lot of work for little reward. This is likely to happen when the bots come crawling out of the woodwork. I know it seems strange to suggest being a farmer-for-hire, but in many cases those that are just looking for a little gold to get by do not have their professions leveled up--thus why I suggest this method. Guild Wars 2 caters to this because you don't have a physical profession to get leveled up in order to utilize your gathering skills.
Guild Wars 2 Gems will be a great way to make gold!
Third would be gems. The price of gems is going to fluctuate a ton. The only way for gems to enter the market is by way of real money transactions. The thing we don't know right now is how much people will be willing to purchase them. I know of a few people that are going to go by one rule of thumb. They are not going to spend more than $14.99 in a month. You probably already know, but that is the cost of a months subscription in any other MMO that you would play. I tend to agree that this is pretty safe rule to go with and I actually think many players will do this. The second aspect to this is that many players are completely against purchasing virtual items for real money and this leads to gems being in short supply. They are also an item that is destroyed upon use so I think that there will be regular shortages of gems for those people willing to trade gold for them. Due to this there will always be a market for the purchase and sale of gems. At that point you just play the market. Buy low and sell them when they are high. Or if you want to spend a few bucks you could just buy some and trade them for gold, but honestly that would be my final choice.
There really are no shortage of ways to make gold. Those three I just told you about are going to be the most simplistic that I can think of at this point. I may append a few more to this post for history sake if I run across any more or I may just make a part two to it. I don't know at this point. When the beta is complete we will have some solid numbers to go for you. In the meantime for all of you casual players just wanting to make a bit of gold when the game launches. You're welcome.
Guild Wars 2 professions builds application. Get your profession fine tuned for beta weekend.
Today's post is not so much a gold tip, but it pertains to the upcoming beta weekend on July 20th-22nd. At this point anyone who is waiting to play/test Guild Wars 2 is going bonkers in anticipation. This application has been around for quite a while, but I have gotten a few email from people asking about the best builds for gold-making. The cool thing about Guild Wars 2 is that there really isn't a premium build that is better for making gold. Any situation where you are going to be making gold you are just playing the game and killing monsters so rather than find an elite build you should just aim for a build that you enjoy and can handle doing for a long long time.
If you would like to find a build for your desired profession here is a Guild Wars 2 profession builder application that you can play around with. I have researched a few for myself with this. It's not perfect, but it is one of the best I have seen up to this point.
It is important to note that this builder is based off the first beta weekend, but for the most part the builds themselves are unchanged.
In addition to researching your own builds you an also view some of the others that have been created and discuss them. Guild Wars 2 doesn't have the same talent tree system that some of you may be used to. It is much more simplistic than some, but it still makes each choice you make just as important.
The presumed final beta weekend is fast approaching. As of writing this ArenaNet have not stated that there will be another one so be sure to use this opportunity to research your gold making strategies for launch day. One of the most important steps for Dominating On Day 1 involves this coming weekends beta. Enjoy playing around with the builder for the rest of the day and I will see you right back here tomorrow for more gold making strategies!
Guild Wars 2 overflow servers explained and why they are great for those wanting to make gold.
If you are a fanatic of Guild Wars 2 you've probably heard by now about their overflow server system. Basically what it does is put on you on a different "overflow server" if your normal server is currently full. This is great for everyone, but for people who are there to make gold this is fantastic. What this does is eliminate the need to worry about a server when you do decide to play. Let me elaborate a bit. One of the worst things for a gold maker is to log in to a game and have to sit in a queue waiting to get into the game. This is completely dead time that could have been used for farming, selling or crafting. Dead time is completely eliminated with the implementation of the overflow servers.
Just a quick little side note for those of you that have no idea what the hell I am talking about when I say overflow servers. Basically what this is, is a system that ArenaNet have designed to completely eliminate server queues. For example. If a server can hold 10,000 people and it reaches its capacity; when you try to log in to the game you are placed on a live, fully playable, server until you are able to be transferred to your server. They haven't said if you will have to reload of if it will just be switched on the fly, but either way this is a great system. There you go. The more you know!
Not only are these servers a great idea, but they also make the decision of what server to join easier. Well--not easier. It just makes it a non-issue really. When I was playing World of Warcraft I chose to go onto a server that had a mid-range population because I knew that when expansions and major patches came around I wouldn't have to sit and watch a number shrink for 45 minutes before I was able to get into the game. This system eliminates that. With the waiting period not being a problem I can now head on to a much larger, more populated server. So what does that mean? It means that we now have much larger person to person trading markets to work with using the buy/sell requests. More players to sell to and more players out there to provide the crafting materials that I need to make items to sell.
With a larger economy comes more competition as well. If you use everything that you are taught on this site and in my FREE GUIDE you will have no trouble competing with other players. Not only will you be competitive but you can also monopolize entire markets if you play your card right.
Being that we are on a special server, as far as I have heard, I am still curious if posting things on the trading post will be allowed. I haven't heard any official thing on this and I have been digging around a little bit. I would think that it will be possible, but I don't want to assume anything and have to eat my words down the road.
Regardless of the trading post question the overflow server system is a genius idea and it eliminates many worries that I have had pertaining to server populations. When I can focus on what markets to play rather than what server to choose it makes the pre-release research that I have been doing much easier. Before the overflow servers came around I was more interested in where certain communities where going to be playing and less about making gold. Thanks to ArenaNets design I can focus all my efforts between now and release on developing new strategies for making gold--which is what this site is all about.
Bags are, and will always be, the most stable market in Guild Wars 2.
So what should you be selling in Guild Wars 2? That question is tough to answer without having the game itself to reference and point you in the correct direction, but there are a few items that we already know will sell. Certain items in the game will not only sell, but they have to sell. One of the most important must-sell items that is in Guild Wars 2 are bags. If you were asking the question "What should I sell to make easy money?" My answer for you would be bags.
The unique thing about Guild Wars 2 compared to other MMO's is that the crafting of bags isn't limited to one profession which means this market is easier to get into. Bags are, and always will, be used by every single character in the game. What other item in the game can you say is used by every person who plays the game? That is why if you need a fail-safe market this is where you need to go. The way the game is setup every player will have seven bags. Three of those slots will have to be purchased with gems. I will get into gems in a later post since those are going to be another way to rake in serious gold. The number that matters to you most is seven. Every character that is created will have seven bag slots and all of them are potential sales for you.
OK--now lets get into the nitty gritty of bags a bit.
The three different disciplines that can craft bags are Armorsmithing, Leatherworking and Tailoring. While they all create bags they do not all create identical bags. Each of the three disciplines can put different modifiers on their product. This is great because it will create a demand for certain products that you can create in addition to the constant market that bags already provides.
Basic - This is just your normal bag.
Craftsmans's Bag - All crafted material that you pick up is automatically placed here.
Invisible bags, pack and safe boxes - This is essentially a safety deposit bag. When something is placed in this bag it doesn't move, it can't be sold and it doesn't get sorted when you sort your inventory. This is an awesome idea for alternate gear sets and important items that you may have in your inventory when you are selling items quickly.
Oiled Packs - These are your junk bags. The crap that you pick up will go here. It is just a nice way to keep the junk/grey items separate from your other stuff.
Padded Boxes - These bags automatically sort your weapons and armor that you pick up.
As you can tell all the special feature essentially sorting your stuff for you. It is a nice feature to have when you are firing through tons of items. You will no doubt be doing that if you are going to be making gold.
Bag sizes are going to be the biggest kicker in pricing points. Right now the known bag sizes are 8, 10, 12, 15, 18 and 20 Slots. As they get larger they require materials that are significantly more expensive. I'm sure you knew that was coming. Depending on which size bag you want to craft you will need a Rune Of Holding. There are also different tiers of runes which make it tougher to craft those high end bags--thus why 20 slot bags are going to be much more expensive.
I didn't want to get into too much information when it comes to bags because a lot of it is just spewing up numbers and stuff like that. It is impossible to nail down profit numbers when I have no economic information to go off of and also I must point out that every server will be different. The only thing that is set in stone is exactly what I said in the beginning. Everyone will need bags.
Guild Wars 2 chat channels should be your greatest asset for making gold.
In every MMO I've played the number one place that I take advantage of is the chat channels. More specific the trade chat channel in World of Warcraft. The equivalent in Guild Wars 2 is the local chat channel. Guild Wars 2 Gold Guide is a huge supporter of using chat channels to make profits. There are so many reasons why using in-game chat is almost better than using the different trading posts. There are numerous advantages that do everything from increase productivity, cut down costs and even building relationships with other players which, if you ask me, is priceless.
The staple reasons why using trade chat come down to the most important thing when making gold. Everything you do should be done with efficiency in mind. So how does trade chat make you more efficient?
You can negotiate prices! You are dealing directly with a person that you can convince to sell to you at a lower price. When you purchase crafting materials or gear on the trading post you don't get that luxury. If you can get an item for one gold less and you are buying 1,000 of them you just saved yourself 1,000 gold. This is a huge plus mark in the efficiency category.
Cutting down costs. Whenever you sell anything on the trading post you are giving away 5% of your profits to ArenaNet. There are fees of gold whenever you sell on the trading post and utilizing local chat you can eliminate that fee. This is a big deal when you get into the high price items that are selling for hundreds or even thousands of gold.
Building business relationships. If you begin dealing with the same people day after day you are building up a relationship with them. With relationships and friendships people are much more likely to throw you a bone once in a while as long as you don't continually take advantage of them. So if you can float them a piece of gear for a discount while they are giving you discounted crafting materials this is a great way to increase your profits.
Local Chat is full of people looking for instant gratification. People that are using local chat are wanting something then and now. If you are there to provide them with their needs you are helping them out. When people want instant gratification they are much more likely to pay more for an item. The trading post can be accessed from anywhere, but people are going to be hanging out in the cities more often than you would expect. It is just the nature of MMO's.
There are very few deals on the trading post. When people are selling things on the trading post they are, in most cases, interested in getting as much as they can for their items. If you are dealing in trade chat people may be doing a selling three for the price of two or something like that. These are steals as long as the item they are selling can be resold. You just don't get to see this sort of stuff on the trading post.
There are dozens of other reasons why you should be using local chat. I do want to clarify and make sure you guys know that I am not telling you to stay away from the trading post all together. You should be using the local chat as a compliment to what you are already doing. There are just as many benefits to using the trading post. Most of which I do not need to explain right now, but the one I will point out is that you are getting a demographic of buyers many many times what you would see in local chat.
Making money with Guild Wars 2 crafting disciplines. Picking disciplines that compliment one another.
The primary ways that you will make gold in Guild Wars 2 comes from your crafting disciplines. Here at Guild Wars 2 Gold Guide I am always trying to find the latest and greatest ways to make you gold using them. All MMO's have an economy that largely revolves around their crafting professions. This is because it is the only aspect of the game that has no limitations to what you can do. If you play the economy the game never ends. While people participating in PvE aspect of the game may clear all the content there is no end game for the economy. So while other players may be bored with the game you are still there supplying players with everything that they want and need.
So how do you make money with your Guild Wars 2 crafting disciplines?
Weaponsmith, Armorsmith, Artificer, Leatherworker, Jeweler, Chef, Tailor, Huntsman.
When you are picking a discipline you need to decide which ones people will need the most. The first choices should be a Weaponsmith. I say this because people can play the game for a little while and not have a certain piece of gear on their character, but no one can play the game without a weapon. Then you've got to look at which weapons are being used the most. Artificers will cover magical weapons; so Foruc, Staves, Scepters and Tridents. On the other hand a Weaponsmith can craft axes, daggers, greatswords, hammers, maces, shields, spears and swords. You are covering many more weapons if you go with a Weaponsmith so that could be your first choice.
The thing that I predict already is that many players are going to hop on the Weaponsmith discipline. Don't let this shy you away from picking it up though. You just need to get a leg up on them and be ultra competitive when the game launches.
After your first profession it gets more difficult to determine what you should be doing. What I would do is pick a profession that can help out my own character if I am going to play the game outside of just dominating the economy. So that means if I were going to be a Soldier class I would want to become an Armorsmith. It is a profession that will give me a benefit to have and it will also provide other players as well. As an added bonus I will also have extra information to use when selling items from that profession since I will have a better understanding of what my class is looking for.
The goal is to have professions that are going to compliment what you are playing. If you are only going to play the economy it really doesn't matter what you pick, but it would be a shame to level something up to 400 and have it be useless for you. If you are unsure which professions interest you or which ones you think you should be using you can use what I have just taught you to make your decision easier, but ultimately it comes down to your play style. You don't want to be doing any profession that is a bore to you so choose wisely. | 2019-04-20T21:08:32Z | http://www.guildwars2riches.com/2012/07/ |
The board was made, in late 84 from the date codes of the chips, but strangly it has 300ns 64kb chips, i will be replacing them with the 150ns in a few days.
I know that E1, when coupled with a logic chip, will let the board see 640kb on board ram, but i would like to know what the unpopulated jumpers are for. Most of the solder pads have traces going to them, so maybe there was some features the board was SUPPOSED to support? Any Ideas?
If i read the wiki right, those jumpers allow for greater flexibility in the way the memory is setup. But i'm no quite sure i understant it completly, i will read it a couple of times to see if i can get it. I may have more questions about it. also were 300ns dips stock for this board being an earlier make of the 64-256kb board? Would also explain why the jumper pads are there..
Most of them are for how the RAM is addressed (as you pointed out), but there are two jumpers that are for other stuff.
Please note that ALL JUMPERS WHICH ARE SET BY DEFAULT ARE HARDWIERED INTO THE PCB ITSELF. In other words, you will have to use a razor-blade to cut those if you wish to alter them (be carefull; the XT motherboard PCB is multilayered).
E2 (page 1) is for the regular 64-256KB mode, using 4164 chips.
E2 (page 2)/U84 are for the regular 256-640KB mode, using a mix of 4164 and 41256 chips.
E2 (page 3)/E3/E4 are there for a special 64KB mode where only the first 16KB of each bank is being used. However, I have no idea why they made it like this. I don't even know if 16Kb RAM chips that only take 5V+ and GND even exist, but it sounds quite pointless to just use the first 1/4 of the 64Kb chips.
E2 (page 4)/U84 are for a special 128-512KB mode, using 128Kb RAM chips. I have no idea what chips this mode were intended for, perhaps the 41128 :rolleyes: ?
E1 is to disable the BIOS, and completely remove it from the memory map (thus freeing up segment F for any expansion cards which may contain replacement system BIOSes).
E5 is to allow software-controll of the keyboard data line. Just be aware that this may trigger the manufacturing burn-in test mode on boot (untested).
When looking at the jumper setup, I'd wondered if a custom 24S10/82S129 PROM could be burned that would allow 720K or even more RAM to be mapped in by appropriating unused high-memory areas. Another possibility would be to control some of the lines off of an otherwised unused I/O port to allow a sort of bank-switching.
I don't remember where I found this, but it describes how to add up to 1MB of onboard RAM in the XT.
When looking at the jumper setup, I'd wondered if a custom 24S10/82S129 PROM could be burned that would allow 720K or even more RAM to be mapped in by appropriating unused high-memory areas. Another possibility would be to control some of the lines off of an otherwised unused I/O port to allow a sort of bank-switching.What would ya do with it?
With the exception of the area from 640 to 704K (the eleventh 64K segment, and hence segment "A"), and the area from 704K to 736K (the bottom half of segment "B"), HIGH MEMORY can not be directly addressed by DOS. But it can be used by various special programs such as HIRAMDSK which can use any or all of HIGH MEMORY as a vdisk, and can also combine HIGH MEMORY and normal (low) memory to create a ramdisk of up to 500K.
Another type of HIGH MEMORY program is the "lid lifter" such as SET704K and SET736K. These programs change the maximum size of the DOS region from 640K to 704K or 736K, and are useful when working with very large spreadsheets, etc. SET704K and SET736K are non-resident device drivers, which do their job, then remove themselves from storage.
Another use I can think of is as a page buffer for an EMS simulator. Or space for a frame buffer for a video application. Or a "non-boot" BIOS extension. Or how about a RAM disk or space to put a disk cache?
I recall doing some work for the Visual Commuter and discovering that there was well over 640K of high RAM available, much to my delight.
Ok, very interesting article, but i'm assuming it's rather dated, so i ask how are we to acquire the modified chip? or atleast an image of the rom code to program it?
82S129s can still be had (I've got a bunch, I think). The toughest part is finding a programmer to blow fuse links in a bipolar PROM. Working out the contents of the PROM should be pretty easy, seeing as how it's only 4 bits wide.
I'd rather spend my time on something that can't be done 10 times better and 100 times faster with a different one of the obsolete computers in my pile. But more power to ya, it makes interesting reading.
Didn't you just beat me to some from Colorado?
One akward, but possible way is to build an 2764->24S10/82S129 adapter. This would also allow for more banks if some extra jumpers were added to the adapter itself. The pinout for the 24S10/82S129 is documented in the shcematics of the IBM PC/XT TechRef.
One reason that a 2764 won't work is because a high-speed device is needed. Address-to-data time on an 82S129 is only 40 nsec.
82S129 and 82S131s used to be used in a lot of gear, from arcade games, scanners and (ancient) cell phones. So there's quite a bit of knowledge out there on programming them. Here's a simple circuit that runs off a parallel port (http://paul-bennett.com/Motorola/prom.htm).
Just remember that bipolar PROMs are OTP--if you screw up the programming, the chip is trash.
One reason that a 2764 won't work is because a high-speed device is needed. Address-to-data time on an 82S129 is only 40 nsec.Well, when I suggested it I did say "a fast EPROM;" no, a 2764 won't cut it, but some of the newer EPROMs have access times down in the 30's.
But as you say, if you've got the right fuse PROM the programming's not rocket science; they're small enough that you can actually do them by hand. I read an 82S129 (?) Cromemco bank select PROM one bit at a time a few years ago when working on some 256K boards.
Here's an outfit that offers a CPLD replacement. (http://www.biltronix.com/CCPU_Custom_Chip_Replacements.html#BX287) Should work fine--and is reprogrammable.
The text document came from the IBMPC discussion forum (kinda like a newsgroup) on the IBM mainframe network; I have a copy that I made when I worked there Once Upon A Time.
I also have one of the replacement PROMs obtained from Mr. Atkinson; I contacted him later for another and he replied that he no longer had access to a PROM programmer.
My replacement PROM is in a currently-nonfunctional system board (repairing the board is in the project queue). I picked up a Willem programmer on eBay but haven't used it as my interests have diverged since that time. If there's sufficient interest I'll attempt to duplicate the PROM. If that works I'd be willing to make copies for the price of the parts plus shipping.
if yours is the modified PROM that allows the use of the extra ram, i WOULD be interested in it, greatlySorry, I havn't quite followed this; what kind of extra RAM do you want this PROM to give you access to, how much have you got and where is it, and what do you expect to do with it?
And what does the particular PROM in the previous post do, specifically?
Simple, Mike. You can populate the 64-256K 5160 board with 41256 DRAMs instead of 4164s, giving you 1M of base memory. Said PROM controls the mapping of the additional memory.
Was coincidentally just reading about a little program that tells the BIOS to ignore the DIP switches and use 704KB.
That's quite easy in fact. One way to do this is to change the word in the BIOS data area defining the amount of availble RAM (Note that this may cause certain incompabilities with BIOS-Extensions that reserves some chunks of RAM at offset 640K).
I configured the switches to map memory into segments A, D and E, then wrote an XMS driver implementing the UMB functions that allows LOADHI and DEVICEHI directives in CONFIG.SYS. I also wrote a device driver that used up to 64k for a disk cache (write-through for safety, with LRU buffer selection).
I have the source for a generic XT BIOS and one of my projects is to tweak it to scan up to 704k for base memory and to look at F000 through F600 for device BIOS signatures. That'll allow me to relocate device BIOSen and use segment C for high memory.
One problem there is that no card allow you to set BIOS extensions to anything above F000, and F600-F7FF is mirrored over the entire F000-F7FF address range in a normal IBM XT anyways.
However, if you avoid using cards with BIOS Extansions on them, then you are free to use all of segment A, C,D and E for RAM. Segment B can also be used, but parts of it will mirror the contnents of Display/Video-RAM.
However, if you avoid using cards with BIOS Extensions on them, then you are free to use all of segment A, C,D and E for RAM. Segment B can also be used, but parts of it will mirror the contents of Display/Video-RAM.
One of the ROM sockets (don't remember the U- numbers offhand) on the XT is mapped to F000-F7FF and the other is mapped to F800-FFFF. ROM BASIC extends from F000 through FE00 - all of the low chip and most of the high one, with the system's ROM BIOS at the high end of the high chip. If you're willing to give up ROM BASIC, that frees the entire 32k of the low chip for relocated adapter ROMs, either by moving one chip or by copying one or more into an EPROM for that socket (and removing or disabling the one in the adapter). Note that this only works for location-independent ROMs (adapters which allow address selection are location-independent).
Max memory can be 704k base (with BIOS mod to scan above 640k) plus segments C, D and E. With a hardware tweak to the display card to move the buffer from segment B to E (and a BIOS mod to use it instead) you could actually have 896k base memory.
Ok, so that's what you are trying to do... However, then you are sort of forced to only use those certain cards you have copied the Extension ROM from (if you don't like chip-swapping).
That's true. About the only ROMs I'd need to copy are the ones from controllers for 3.5-inch floppies and a hard disk, either a SCSI adapter or an XT-IDE. YMMV depending on the cards you want to use - a VGA won't be possible 'cause it uses both segments A and B for display memory and the low half of C for the ROM.
BTW, I am running a 1.44 FDD in my IBM XT without any kind of BIOS extension at all. All I use is a standard AT-style FDD controller, and a special Int-13h replacement which is included in the same package as the 2M FD Format program (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2M_(DOS)).
That's interesting. I've read that the standard XT FDD adapter isn't fast enough for a 1.44 drive and I wouldn't think that a 16-bit AT adapter would work in an 8-bit XT slot. I have several DTK PII-151B 8-bit adapters that I use, with ROMs and jumpters to specify the drive types.
Not so--the issue is that the 1.44M adapters can also vary the bit clock speed from 250KHz to 500Khz. Many early add-on controllers used the stock uPD765A/8272A FDC and added extra circuitry to switch between 250KHz, 300KHz and 500Khz data rates. If you could content yourself with nothing but 1.44M floppies, you could take an XT controller and change out the oscillator (and hack the BIOS to agree).
In fact, the NEC D765 was originally intended for 8" floppies which (in MFM mode) operate with a 500KHz bit clock). The 5.25' DD application was actually a bit of a hack. The 765 can do a few more tricks when operated with 8"-style drives, or at least 5.25" with 8" interface characteristics. For example, the 765 can use the "Drive ready" line to interrupt when a drive goes ready (no need for the horrible kludge of "hanging" when a drive isn't ready) or perform simultaneous overlapped seeks on as many as 4 drives. On the other hand, while it has a "head load" signal (that goes nowhere on the PC), it doesn't have any drive motor control lines, so they had to be supplied by an external latch. The PC's drive-select logic is external also, even though the 765 has its own drive select lines.
Even though the card is 16-bit; only the IDE-partion of the card uses the 8-bit extension of the AT-bus. In fact, most AT-style floppy controllers/multicards (especially the ones based on a single chip) uses only the lower 8 bit for the floppy-controller part and will therefore work in an XT.
Well, that grinding noise is my assumption derailleur changing gears. Thanks.
I have now actually found out which chip this configuration were designed for. It's nothing less than the Intel 2118 (and equalents). This chip is mostly pin-compatible with the Intel 2116/MK4116 (used in the original PC), with the only difference in that it only runs of 5v and Gnd, just like the MK4164 (used in the XT).
However, this chip seems to have been completely overshadowed by other chips on the market at that time.
I'm extremely interested in making this work on my IBM 5155 (same motherboard as 5160 XT). However, I don't have a prom programmer and my technical skills are barely above novice level. Therefore I need quite a bit of help. I've already sent a PM to MKEMP but haven't heard back yet. Anyone willing to help?
What I'm trying to accomplish is gaining more space to load drivers and tsr's. My system already has the mod for 640 KB on the mother board (jumper at E2 pins 1 to 2, 256 Kb drams in banks 0 and 1 with 64 Kb chips in banks 2 and 3. and a multiplexer in u84 socket) My understanding is that I'll need a custom "decoder" EPROM in u44(Cy Atkinson called it HIMEMV2 in his blog 7003) and 256 Kb chips in ALL banks(I have some of these frome another MB), and a custom device driver to enabel usage of the high memory. Anyone know where I can get the Eprom and or device driver? Sorry to ramble on, but it's late and I tend to do that when I'm tired.
Anyone? Somebody must have some info.
Why not buzz them out and see where they go? That would go a long way toward determining their function.
I don't understand what you mean? As I said before, my technical level of expertise is pretty low. I assume your talking about checking circuits with a multimeter or continuity tester. I would not know where to start!!
I'm not sure what you're asking for TBH.
A continuity tester is good. You've got one side of each jumper, where does it terminate (IC and pin #). That will allow someone with a schematic to pinpoint the jumper and take a good guess at the function.
"The text document came from the IBMPC discussion forum (kinda like a newsgroup) on the IBM mainframe network; I have a copy that I made when I worked there Once Upon A Time. I also have one of the replacement PROMs obtained from Mr. Atkinson; I contacted him later for another and he replied that he no longer had access to a PROM programmer.
My replacement PROM is in a currently-nonfunctional system board (repairing the board is in the project queue). I picked up a Willem programmer on eBay but haven't used it as my interests have diverged since that time. If there's sufficient interest I'll attempt to duplicate the PROM. If that works I'd be willing to make copies for the price of the parts plus shipping."
"I configured the switches to map memory into segments A, D and E, then wrote an XMS driver implementing the UMB functions that allows LOADHI and DEVICEHI directives in CONFIG.SYS. I also wrote a device driver that used up to 64k for a disk cache (write-through for safety, with LRU buffer selection)."
Although I understand the basics, I need a lot of guidence to take on a project like this.
Personally, I'd forget about the bipolar PROM (hard to find and program for most people) and just work up a 20-to-16 pin adapter and put a GAL in there. The equations are pretty simple.
Well there you go talking over my head again. Do you have the equipment to program a GAL? If I were to buy a programmer, I would still need to know or learn (which gets more difficult every day) how it needs to be programmed to handle the high memory.
PS Why do I need a 20 to 16 pin adapter? Aren't 16 pin GALs availlable?
I've never run into one. Just 20 and 24 pin (and larger) ones. That's not saying that they never existed, however in someone's product line at some time.
The ISA varient of the JR/IDE project last time I checked is planned to include a significant RAM; might be an altogether better solution for the 5155?
Would that be LIM 4? How about device drivers to enable DEVICE HIGH/LOAD HIGH?
EMS is quite different to the mod you're talking about here.
I know you're a busy guy. Could I persuade you to help me to program a GAL for the replacement of the prom in u44? If you don't have the time to do it yourself maybe you could help me with a JEDEC file. I think I could figure out the 20 - 16 pin adapter if you could tell me which pins are needed and where they need to go. Maybe we could work something out if you would need compensation for your time? I'm not very far from you, just a little to the north of Albany, OR. Please PM me if you can help in any way.
I read your Blog "Cloning a PAL/HAL". It just made me realize that I'm in way over my head!!
Easy enough--first of all, let's get a dump of the contents that you'd like to work out. (256 4-bit "nibbles"). Then let's see where we go from there.
OK, but I don't have any contents to dump. All I have is the original ROM in socket u44. What I'm looking for is the info to replicate "Himemv2 Custom decoder chip" that Cy Atkinson wrote about in the following document(7120)to "Decode" memory above 640K. There is a section titled "HIMEMV2 u44 DECODER PROM PROGRAM" But I have no clue about how to use that to program a HAL.
Can someone verify if this is correct?
I can see mapping DRAM to 00000->AFFFF, but beyond that, I can't see how any other remapping is useful, as B000 and up represents space for video adapters, etc. So you gain a grand total of 64K more of contiguous memory.
Does upper memory have to be contiguous to be useful? I was under the impression that drivers and tsr's could be loaded there to free up base memory, with the right software driver of course. I could be all wet, But for some strange reason, this really has me curious.
Well, if you have code to load a driver in fragmented memory, it will work, but DOS doesn't do this naturally.
When the 8086 came out, I considered that one could expand memory simply by decoding the segment tag on a memory access and using a bit of RAM to map a segment to a given area of memory. Theoretically, you could access 4MB simultaneously on an 8088, but it would break the DOS program model.
All in all, you're probably best off using LIM 4.0 add-in memory.
OK I guess I'll start looking for an Intel Above Board, unless you can recomend some other memory board? I'm still curious about filling all the banks with 256k chips and making use of the High memory in some meaningfull way. | 2019-04-26T16:22:55Z | http://www.vcfed.org/forum/archive/index.php/t-21717.html?s=9dd232e95a525b4df60a05bab42875fb |
Journal of Informatics and Data Mining,ol.1, No.1, 2016, Insight Medical Publishing, Delaware, USA.
US-China Education Review B, Vol3, no.9, 2013, 651-662.
Recent Advances in Modern Educational Technologies, edited by Hamido Fujita and Jun Sasaki, pp.42-45, WSEAS Press, April 2013.
Last November I delivered a lecture on complex-system economics at a world-famous institute in Santa Fe, New Mexico. I also attended a conference on science education in the same city, along with a physicist from Turkey who was visiting there at the time.
The conference, aimed at improving mathematics and physics education in the United States, was organized by David Pines, co-director of the Institute for Complex Adaptive Matters, and attended by university and high-school teachers, writers, directors of science movies, computer engineers and many others. The subject was how to prepare a teaching program on superconductivity for junior-and high-school students.
I spoke of my experiences at the author of a math textbook, “Let’s Study Math” (not approved by Japanese censors). The idea behind the book ? providing children with a text for self-study - received a favorable response from the audience.
The Turkish physicist Ali Alpar, a professor at a newly established university in Istanbul, reported on education there. According to him, Sabanci University (named after a Turkish businessman) requires humanities students to study math an physics as well. In the case of sciences ? physics, chemistry, biology and geology are organically combined. Generally, the first three subjects are taught in that order over a period of two years. Biology is taught last so that students can learn some of the latest developments in life science, as in genetic engineering and brain science.
All this illustrates that the university’s founding committee conducted exhaustive discussions to create an educational institution in the true sense of the term. It is eary to imagine that students at Sabanci University are as excellent as those at prestigious universities of long standing.
By contrast, science education in Japan seems approaching a crisis. University students in the humanities have little knowledge of high-school-level sciences. Even some science students have no experience studying physics and biology in high school or lack an ability to make the grade. So universities are left to make up for these shortcomings.
One reason for all this lies in the way that high-school science education is provided. According to a survey by Katsuhiro Arai, professor at Tohoku University, only 12 percent of students complete physics studies (category 2), less than the 16 percent of high-school graduates who enter universities’ science departments. Those who similarly study math (category 3) represent about 20 percent, about the same percentage as those who enter natural-science departments.
What this means is that many high-school students not good at math take up science and engineering courses at universities. With a large number of students failing to complete studies in physics (category 2) and math (category 3), those who do complete have a relatively low level of scholastic ability.
The waning interest in math and physics is not a new problem. The official responses to his has been to alter the system so that students do not have to study difficult subjects.
To raise Japan’s technological level it is necessary not only to spend more time teaching science-related subjects, but also to increase the number of high-school students attending science classes. By doing so, students interested in science should be motivated to enter science departments. For this to happen, systemic changes are needed so as to make high-school science lessons easier to learn.
At present, the science curriculum is divided into a variety of subjects, such as “basic sciences,” “general sciences A,” “general sciences B,” “biology �T” and “biology �U.” Since the divisions are largely artificial, study is made unnecessarily difficult.
Science studies in high school will become much easier if only four subjects ? biology, chemistry, physics and geology ? are taught. In face, that was the case in the 1960s, when high-school students learned most of the basics about these subjects.
At Sabanci University, physics, chemistry and biology as well as geology are taught in an integrated manner, incorporating their basic elements. Biology has a fast-developing branch that requires knowledge of physics an chemistry. By the same token, knowledge of biology and geology is essential to an understanding of global environmental problems. Basic to this are chemistry and physics.
Physics should be studied first because it is a more basic and logical branch of science. That should make it easier to understand more applied subjects. That is also an efficient way to study a number of science subjects. At least high schools preparing for university entrance exams, if not all high schools, should provide such guidance.
In the past, as many as 80 percent of high-school students studied “physics �T.” Now, however less than 30 percent complete the course. This is hardly the way to build a technology-oriented nation.
Academic Kazuo Nishimura is convinced that Japan will face devastating consequences if the government continues to dilute the academic curricula of elementary and junior high school students.
Nishimura, a professor at Kyoto University’s Institute of Economic Research, said in a recent interview with The Japan Times that the level of understanding required under the latest curricula, introduced in April, is 30 percent lower than under the previous system. This will only lead to a deterioration in the already-low intellectual capabilities of Japanese students, he warned.
He claimed, however, that the situation has only worsened since then. “This can be attributed to the policy of ‘easing education’ put forward by the Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology Ministry and to the introduction of multiple choice exams for university entrance,” he said.
Beginning in 1980, the ministry has been reducing class hours and study courses at elementary and secondary schools. The multiple choice exam format was first introduced at national universities in 1979. Since 1990, private universities have also been allowed to use this exam format, while students across the board have been allowed to choose the subjects featured in their multiple choice tests.
Nishimura noticed a decline in students’ academic performance around 1985.Moreover, the results of math tests conducted by the professor at several universities in 1998 showed that a considerable number of freshmen, particularly those who did not take math as an entrance exam subject, could not solve simple problems.
He sensed an even sharper drop in 1999, when freshmen who were taught under the second set of revised curricula entered university.
Tatsuyqa deguchi, a math teacher at a high school in Wakayama, southwest of Osaka, has watched with growing dismay as his students’ math ability has plummeted. Especially in the past five to six years, Deguchi’s dismay has turned to alarm as the problem has gotten progressively worse.
“Recently we gave our 10th grade students a math test meant for first- to third-graders, and two-thirds of the 240 students couldn’t multiply two-digit numbers. Only half could calculate the area of a triangle using the length of the base and the height,“ Deguchi said.
However, the situation will probably get worse because of revised government curriculum guidelines to be introduced this April. The new guidelines continue the more lax education policy, which started in 1977 as a reaction to the cramming-centered system that was believed to be stifling students’ creativity, so many fundamental skills were removed from textbooks, while 70 study hours, nearly 7% of the annual total, were slashed from public elementary and junior high school curricula.
The government has revised its curriculum guidelines for the compulsory first through ninth grades, every 10 years or so since 1958. Until the mid-1970s, the guidelines were adjusted to enrich the content of education. But in the late 1970s, there was growing public consensus that too much emphasis on passing exams was harmful to children’s development and causing stress as a result of the brutal competition for university entrance examinations. Therefore, so-called “pressure-free” education gained favor and the government started simplifying the content of textbooks to allow students the freedom to develop their individuality.
“The most important thing is to encourage students to think for themselves, not to cram facts into their heads just to get better scores. To motivate them to study, we consider a fertile sensibility and a healthy body to be crucial,” said Yusuru Imasato, head of curriculum planning at the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology.
Imasato explained that the major cuts in the textbooks will help students who cannot keep up with the classes, while enabling teachers to have closer contact with students. In addition, under the new guidelines, despite a major slashing of study hours devoted to existing subjects, some 100 hours will be allocated to “comprehensive learning” aimed at enabling schoolchildren to have hands-on learning about nature being apart from textbooks.
“The pressure-free education system is nothing more than bureaucratic talk. The contradictory educational policy has harmed many schoolchildren’s future and possibility, by taking away their opportunities and eagerness to learn,” said Hirofumi Uzawa, professor emeritus in economics at the University of Tokyo. Uzawa believes the recent drop in the math ability of schoolchildren reflects an educational policy that results in math textbooks that are “less attractive” for many students by merely showing formulas.
Similarly, Kazuo Nishimura, professor of economics at Kyoto University, sighs over the severe deterioration of math ability among economic majors, especially those who did not take math classes at high school because most top-class private universities do not include mathematics in their entrance examinations.
“Among those economic majors at top university who didn’t take math courses at high school and didn’t take a math test in the entrance examinations, more than 20% can’t do elementary school level arithmetic, such as addition and subtraction of fractions,” Nishimura said.
The professor pointed out another problem — Japanese schoolchildren have the fewest study hours for math among the Group of Seven major industrialized countries. For instance, Japanese seventh graders take a total of 99 hours of math classes annually, while U.S. students in the same grade take 146 hours, French students 129 and U.K. students 117.
“In terms of the volume of content and the difficulty of questions, math textbook for Japanese schoolchildren are two to three years behind the ones used in China, South Korea and Singapore. As long as the government keeps the current pressure-free education system, Japan will inevitably lack the human resources to maintain global competitiveness,” Nishimura said. He stressed the importance of basic ability gained from repeated practice, such as arithmetic and writing, not only for mathematics but for other subjects too.
About 25 percent of first year students enrolled in humanities courses at leading national and public universities are unable to solve basic mathematical problems involving the four rules of arithmetic and decimal fractions, according to the findings of a survey.
These findings demonstrate that poor mathematical ability among university students is not limited the economics departments of private universities, which do not require candidates to take math for their entrance examinations. Rather, it is becoming common in all departments.
The survey was conducted in April by Kazuo Nishimura, an economic of complexity professor at Kyoto University, and Prof. Nobuyuki Tose, who teaches mathematics at Keio University. It covered the humanities divisions of 11 national and public universities, most of which have their origins as Imperial universities.
About 1,300 first year university students were asked to solve 22 middle-to high-school-level math problems. They were chosen from basic-level questions in the daiken test—a scholastic aptitude test that enables students that pass to sit university entrance examinations without graduating from high school.
To even out and randomize the test subjects, the survey was conducted during classes that are compulsory for all students.
At the top national university in eastern Japan, 73 percent of students solved Question 1 (see chart), a first-year-middle-school-level problem that involves all four fundamental rules of arithmetic and decimal fractions. However, the percentage of correct answers dropped to 33 percent among students who had not taken math in entrance exams.
Question 2, a second-year-middle-school problem that involved a linear equation, was answered correctly by 86 percent of students. Question 3, a third-year-middle-school problem that involves square roots, was solved by 83 percent.
However, the students fared considerably worse on high-school-level problems.
While, 87 percent of the students overall solved Question 4, which involved a quadratic inequality, the ratio dropped to 22 percent among students who had not taken math in the entrance exam.
Results at this university proved that there is a large gap in scores between students who did not take math in the entrance exam and the student body overall. The former group scored only 32 percent on average, while the average for students as a whole was 83 percent.
The same trend has been observed in other national and public universities.
At western Japan’s premier university, 75 percent of students solved Question 1.
Average scores among the 11 schools ranged between 60 to 92 percent at that university.
Nishimura and Tose conducted a similar survey on economic students at private universities in 1998, and concluded that students who had not taken math in entrance exams were generally not strong in the subject.
“The survey results show that poor mathematical ability is also a problem at national and public universities. Some say that math is not necessary for students in humanities divisions, but I doubt how much logical thinking students can do if they do not a have basic grounding in arithmetic. I think that the three foundation subject: math, Japanese and English, should be made compulsory components of entrance exams.” Nishimura said.
One out of five students at private universities cannot solve questions on mathematics at the primary school level despite being enrolled in courses that require some knowledge of the subject, a survey released Saturday revealed.
The survey results underscored a report issued last month by the University Council, an advisory body to the education minister, that called for entrance examinations to test potential university students on high school subjects relevant to their further education.
The survey covered about 5,000 first-and second-year students, mostly at economics department, of eight state-run universities and 11 private institutions. It was conducted in April by Kyoto University Prof. Kazuo Nishimura.
The students, who encounter math in lectures every day, were asked to solve 25 basic questions on areas of the subject that they had studied before high school.
Of students at one private university’s economic department, 82 percent of the respondents were able to answer one primary school-level question correctly. The entrance exam for the department does not include a mathematics test.
The students at the second private university did only slightly better, registering a pass rate of 86 percent.
The figure fell for questions at the middle school level, with the two universities registering success rates of 56 percent and 77 percent, respectively.
When tested on quadratic equations taught in the third year of middle school, only 13 percent of students at the former university and 28 percent at the latter could give the correct answer.
“Students who want to study economics at the university level should at least be tested in mathematics in entrance exams,” Nishimura said. | 2019-04-21T12:51:51Z | http://complexity-economics.net/n_prof_e/R_Education/r_education.html |
In a vacuum processing system used in a semiconductor device manufacturing process, a plate-shaped placement area protector made of a dielectric material having a surface of dimensions and shape matching those of a surface of a substrate or an area for substrate placement in a surface of a substrate stage in place of the substrate. An etching gas is introduced into a vacuum vessel by a gas introduction mechanism and predetermined high-frequency electromagnetic wave power is applied to the substrate stage from a stage high-frequency electromagnetic wave power source. Plasma is formed in the proximity of the surface of the substrate stage by the applied high-frequency electromagnetic wave power, and a deposited film on the surface of the substrate stage is removed with the plasma. The placement area protector has the same electrical properties as the deposited film.
This is a Continuation-in-Part of application Ser. No. 08/654,873 filed May 29, 1996, now abandoned.
This invention relates to an improvement in a plasma cleaning method for removing a thin film deposited on the inner face of a vacuum vessel and the surfaces of members in the vacuum vessel in a vacuum processing system such as a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) system used in a semiconductor device manufacturing process, for example.
FIG. 5 is an illustration showing a schematic configuration of a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition system as an example of a conventional vacuum processing system.
The plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition system shown in FIG. 5 consists mainly of a vacuum vessel 1 provided with an exhaust channel 11, a gas introduction mechanism 2 for introducing a predetermined gas into the vacuum vessel 1, a power supply mechanism 3 for energizing the introduced gas for forming plasma, and a substrate stage 4 for placing a substrate 40 on which a thin film is to be deposited.
The system in FIG. 5 carries the substrate 40 into the vacuum vessel 1 through a gate valve (not shown) and places the substrate 40 on the substrate stage 4. After evacuating the air in the vacuum vessel 1 through the exhaust channel 11, the system introduces a predetermined gas by the gas introduction mechanism 2. Next, the system applies energy of high-frequency electromagnetic wave power to the gas in the vacuum vessel 1 by the power supply mechanism 3 for forming plasma. Then, the system deposits a predetermined thin film on the surface of the substrate 40 by a vapor reaction enhanced by the plasma. For example, if mono-silane gas and oxygen gas are introduced by the gas introduction mechanism 2, the plasma causes a decomposition reaction, and a silicon oxide thin film is deposited on the surface of the substrate 40.
When the thin film deposition is repeated in the plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition system, a phenomenon occurs in which a silicon oxide thin film is also deposited on the surface of the substrate stage 4 exposed to the plasma and the inner face of the vacuum vessel 1. As the thin film is deposited on them, it will soon peel off due to the internal stress of the thin film, causing fine particulates to occur. If the fine particulates adhere to the silicon oxide thin film on the substrate 40, it causes a surface contamination to occur, degrading the commodity value of the silicon oxide thin film.
Such a problem occurs not only in the plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition system, but also in a vacuum processing system such as a plasma etching system. That is, an etched material is deposited on the surface of a substrate stage and the inner wall of a vacuum vessel, depositing a thin film, which will peel off, causing fine particulates to occur, damaging circuitry on the substrate.
To suppress such a deposited film peeling, a plasma cleaning technique is generally used for etching and removing the unwanted deposited film before it peels off and contaminates a deposited thin film. In the technique, mixed gas of perfluorocarbon 14 gas (CF4):oxygen gas=80:20 or so is introduced into the vacuum vessel 1 by the gas introduction mechanism 2, plasma of the perfluorocarbon 14 gas and oxygen gas is generated, and the unwanted deposited film is etched and removed by the action of the plasma. That is, radial CFx (x=1, 2, or 3), CFx ions (x=1, 2, or 3), radial fluorine, or fluorine ions are generated in the plasma, and the fluorine radicals or ions react with the unwanted deposited film to yield volatile material, which is then discharged through the exhaust channel 11, thereby removing the thin film.
In the vacuum processing system in which the plasma cleaning is executed, the members are situated according to the concept that plasma is formed essentially for substrate processing. Thus, if the substrate stage is positioned such that it is exposed to too much plasma, damage to the substrate will result. Therefore, the substrate stage is located at a position considerably distant from the plasma forming place. In this case, when the plasma cleaning is executed, the plasma density in the vicinity of the surface of the substrate stage is unavoidably lowered. As a result, removal of the deposited film on the surface of the substrate stage requires a prolonged duration for plasma cleaning.
Particularly, in a thin film deposition system such as a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition system, a thin film is not deposited on the area covered with the substrate during the processing, which will be hereinafter referred to as the “placement area”, on the surface of the substrate stage, but is deposited on an uncovered surface area, which will be hereinafter referred to as the “non-placement area”. In recent years, various attempts have been made to enhance the film deposition rate. Such attempts result in not only high-rate film deposition on the substrate, but also deposition of a thick film on the non-placement area of the substrate stage.
Since only low-density plasma is exposed to the non-placement area of the substrate stage on which such a thick film is deposited, a serious problem of prolonging the plasma cleaning and lowering the availability of the system arises.
In plasma cleaning of the chamber, such as the inner face of the vacuum vessel, other than the substrate stage, the etch rate cannot sufficiently be increased and the plasma cleaning time period cannot be shortened.
It is therefore an object of the invention to enable short-time completion of plasma cleaning for removing a thin film deposited on the surface of a substrate stage in a vacuum vessel and so forth, to improve the availability of a system.
In attaining the above object, an aspect of the invention provides a plasma cleaning method comprising the steps of: placing a plate-shaped placement area protector made of a dielectric material having a surface of dimensions and shape matching those of a surface of a substrate to be processed or an area for substrate placement in a surface of a substrate stage, on the area for substrate placement so as to cover the area; introducing an etching gas into a vacuum vessel by a gas introduction mechanism; applying predetermined high-frequency electromagnetic wave power to the substrate stage from a stage high-frequency electromagnetic wave power supply so as to form plasma in the proximity of the surface of the substrate stage; and removing a film deposited on the surface of the substrate stage and an inner face of the vacuum vessel by using an etching action of the gas enhanced by the plasma.
Another aspect of the invention provides a plate-shaped placement area protector used in a plasma cleaning method comprising the steps of: placing the placement area protector on an area for substrate placement in a surface of a substrate stage in a vacuum vessel so as to cover the area; introducing an etching gas into the vacuum vessel; applying predetermined high-frequency electromagnetic wave power to the substrate stage so as to form plasma in the proximity of the surface of the substrate stage; and removing a film deposited on the surface of the substrate stage and an inner face of the vacuum vessel by using an etching action of the gas enhanced by the plasma, wherein the placement area protector is made of a dielectric material having a surface of dimensions and shape matching those of a surface of a substrate to be processed or the area for substrate placement.
FIG. 5 is a view showing a schematic configuration of a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition system as an example of a conventional vacuum processing system.
Referring now to the accompanying drawings, there is shown a preferred embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a vacuum processing system wherein a plasma cleaning method according to an embodiment of the invention is executed; it shows a schematic configuration of a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition system as one example.
Like the system shown in FIG. 5, the plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition system shown in FIG. 1 comprises a vacuum vessel 1 provided with an exhaust channel 11, a gas introduction mechanism 2 for introducing a predetermined gas into the vacuum vessel 1, a power supply mechanism 3 for energizing the introduced gas for forming plasma, and a substrate stage 4 for placing a substrate on which a thin film is to be deposited. The system further comprises a stage high-frequency electromagnetic wave power supply 41 for applying predetermined high-frequency electromagnetic wave power to the substrate stage 4.
The vacuum vessel 1 comprises a film depositing chamber 101 and an air evacuating chamber 102 having a little large space positioned below the film depositing chamber 101. The part defining the film depositing chamber 101 and the part defining the air evacuating chamber 102 can be separated from each other for maintenance of the members in the vacuum vessel 1.
The container wall of the vacuum vessel 1 in the part of the film depositing chamber 101 is provided with a gate valve (not shown) and the container wall in the part of the air evacuating chamber 102 is provided with an exhaust pipe 13 to which the exhaust channel 11 is connected. The exhaust channel 11 consists mainly of a roughing vacuum pump 111, a main pump 112 placed at the stage preceding the roughing vacuum pump 111, and a main valve 113 and a variable conductance valve 114 disposed on an exhaust path for exhausting by the pumps 111 and 112.
The vacuum vessel 1 has a bell jar 12 on the top thereof. A circular opening is made at the center of the upper container wall of the vacuum vessel 1 and the bell jar 12 is connected to the opening in airtight relation. The bell jar 12 has a dome shape of about 200 mm in diameter and is made of a dielectric material such as silica glass.
In the example shown in FIG. 1, the gas introduction mechanism 2 comprises two gas introduction channels 21 and 22 so that it can introduce two different gases at the same time. The gas introduction channel 21 (22) consists mainly of piping 211 (221) connected to a tank (not shown) and a gas introduction body 212 (222) connected to the end portion of the piping 211 (221).
FIG. 2 is a view showing the structure of the gas introduction body 212, 222. As shown in FIG. 2, the gas introduction body 212, 222 is made of an annular pipe having a circular cross section. It is supported by a support rod 23 disposed in the vacuum vessel 1 and is placed horizontally along the inner face of the vacuum vessel 1. The vacuum vessel 1 may be cylindrical or square-tubular.
Further, a transport pipe 24 is provided in a state in which it passes through the wall of the vacuum vessel 1 in airtight relation; it is connected at one end to the gas introduction body 212, 222 and at the other end to the piping 211, 221 in FIGS. 1 and 2.
As shown in FIG. 2, the gas introduction body 212, 222 has gas spouting holes 25 on the inner side face. The gas spouting holes 25 are openings each having about 0.5 mm in diameter and disposed on the peripheral surface at intervals of about 10 mm.
On the other hand, referring again to FIG. 1, the power supply mechanism 3 consists mainly of a high-frequency coil 31 disposed surrounding the bell jar 12, and a high-frequency electromagnetic wave power supply 33 for supplying high-frequency electromagnetic wave power via a matching box 32 to the high-frequency coils 31. For example, a device for generating high-frequency electromagnetic wave power of 13.56 MHz is adopted as the high-frequency electromagnetic wave power supply 33; the high-frequency electromagnetic wave power is supplied from the high-frequency coil 31 to the bell jar 12.
The substrate stage 4 is disposed below the bell jar 12 in the vacuum vessel 1. It is provided to place a substrate 40 to be processed on the surface thereof and consists mainly of a stage main body 401 made of metal and a chucking dielectric block 402 disposed on the top of the stage main body 401.
The substrate stage 4 adopts a mechanism for chucking the substrate 40 on the surface thereof by electrostatic chucking, and a chucking electrode 403 is embedded in the chucking dielectric block 402. A chucking power supply 404 is provided for giving a predetermined potential to the chucking electrode 403, whereby static electricity is produced on the surface of the dielectric block for chucking the substrate.
A shield plate 405 is disposed so as to cover the side faces of the substrate stage 4, and an insulation block 406 is placed between the shield plate 405 and the substrate stage 4. The shield plate 405 is provided to prevent plasma from turning and going to the sides of the substrate stage 4 and forming high-frequency discharge. It is formed of predetermined metal and is grounded.
As described above, the substrate stage 4 is provided with the stage high-frequency electromagnetic wave power supply 41 for applying predetermined high-frequency electromagnetic wave power. This stage high-frequency electromagnetic wave power supply 41 operates so as to apply a predetermined substrate bias voltage to the substrate 40 by the interaction between plasma and high frequency during the processing; it operates so as to form plasma in the proximity of the surface of the substrate stage 4 at the plasma cleaning time, as described below.
Next, the operation of the plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition system will be discussed.
First, the substrate 40 is transferred into the vacuum vessel 1 through the gate valve (not shown) disposed in the vacuum vessel 1 and is placed on the substrate stage 4. The gate valve is closed and the exhaust channel 11 is operated for evacuating the vacuum vessel 1 to about 5 mTorr, for example.
Next, the gas introduction mechanism 2 is operated for introducing predetermined gases into the vacuum vessel 1 at a predetermined flow rate. At this time, the gases are supplied from the pipings 211 and 221 via the transport pipes 24 to the gas introduction bodies 212 and 222, and are spouted out and introduced into the vacuum vessel 1 through the gas spouting holes 25 of the gas introduction bodies 212 and 222. The introduced gases diffuse in the vacuum vessel 1 and reach the inside of the bell jar 12.
In this state, the power supply mechanism 3 is operated for applying about 13.56-MHz, 2000-W high-frequency electromagnetic wave power from the high-frequency electromagnetic wave power supply 33 via the matching box 32 to the high-frequency coil 31. At the same time, the stage high-frequency electromagnetic wave power supply 41 is also operated for applying a predetermined bias voltage to the substrate 40. This bias voltage is produced by the interaction between the high frequency given by the stage high-frequency electromagnetic wave power supply 41 and plasma.
The high-frequency electromagnetic wave power supplied by the power supply mechanism 3 is introduced into the bell jar 12 through the high-frequency coil 31 and energizes the gases existing in the bell jar 12 for producing plasma. The produced plasma diffuses downward from the bell jar 12 to the substrate 40. In the plasma, a predetermined product is produced, which then arrives at the substrate 40, whereby a predetermined thin film is deposited. At this time, the bias voltage generated by the stage high-frequency electromagnetic wave power supply 41 causes the ions in the plasma to be accelerated and collide with the substrate 40. Film deposition is efficiently executed by energy of the collision.
For example, during processing for depositing a silicon oxide thin film, a mono-silane gas is introduced through the first gas introduction channel 21 and an oxygen gas is introduced through the second gas introduction channel 22. Mono-silane is decomposed by mono-silane/oxygen plasma and reacts with oxygen to deposit a silicon oxide thin film.
In the system shown in FIG. 1, high-density plasma of 1010 cm−3 or more can be produced in a region where the pressure in the film depositing chamber 101 is 100 mTorr or less, and a thin film can be deposited at a high film deposition rate with the high-density plasma.
As the thin film depositing process is repeated, a thin film is deposited on the inner face of the vacuum vessel 1, and the nonplacement area of the substrate stage 4. When the process has been repeated a considerable number of times, removal of the thin film is required and the following plasma cleaning is executed.
First, the processed substrate 40 is carried out, the gate valve (not shown) is closed, and the exhaust channel 11 is operated for once evacuating the vacuum vessel 1, then a placement area protector 400 is transferred into the vacuum vessel 1 through the gate valve and is placed on the substrate stage 4. That is, like the substrate 40, the placement area protector 400 is placed so as to cover the placement area otherwise covered with the substrate 40 placed thereon.
Next, the exhaust channel 11 is again operated for evacuating the vacuum vessel 1 to about 0.1 Torr. Then, the gas introduction mechanism 2 is operated for introducing perfluorocarbon 14 gas at a flow rate of 400 SCCM and oxygen gas at a flow rate of 100 SCCM into the vacuum vessel 1. To introduce the perfluorocarbon 14 gas, for example, a piping 26 of the perfluorocarbon 14 gas may be provided and connected to the piping 221 of mono-silane gas used for thin film deposition or the piping 211 of oxygen gas as plasma forming gas, and their valves may be switched selectively.
Then, the variable conductance valve 114 disposed in the exhaust channel 11 is controlled to maintain the pressure in the vacuum vessel 1 at about 2 Torr. In this state, the power supply mechanism 3 and the stage high-frequency electromagnetic wave power supply 41 are operated, whereby plasma is formed in the vacuum vessel 1. This differs from the processing of the substrate 40 in that supplementary plasma is also formed in the vicinity of the surface of the substrate stage 4 by the stage high-frequency electromagnetic wave power supply 41.
That is, high-frequency electromagnetic wave power applied by the stage high-frequency electromagnetic wave power supply 41 is introduced into the space in the proximity of the surface of the substrate stage 4 through the chucking dielectric block 402 of the substrate stage 4 and the placement area protector 400, and energizes gas existing in the space into plasma. On the other hand, the power supply mechanism 3 generates high-density plasma at a position considerably distant from the substrate stage 4 similarly to in the processing to the substrate 40.
Plasma is generated in such two places; it is formed efficiently in a wide space in the vacuum vessel 1. As a result, the unwanted deposited film on the inner wall of the vacuum vessel 1 and the non-placement area of the substrate stage 4 can be efficiently etched, thereby shortening the time period required for the plasma cleaning.
When gas was introduced, for example, under the conditions that high-frequency electromagnetic wave power given by the stage high-frequency electromagnetic wave power supply 41 was 1000 W at about 13.56 MHZ, that the power density resulting from dividing the power by the surface area of the placement area protector 400 was about 0.5 W/cm2, and that high-frequency electromagnetic wave power given by the power supply mechanism 3 was 100 W at about 13.56 MHz, the plasma cleaning formerly taking about 60 minutes was completed in about 10 minutes.
Next, the placement area protector 400 used in the plasma cleaning method of the embodiment will be discussed.
As described above, the placement area protector 400 is placed on the substrate stage 4 in place of the substrate 40 when the plasma cleaning is executed. However, since the placement area protector 400 is limited to a dielectric material, it is not appropriate to call the placement area protector 400 “dummy substrate”.
The reason why the placement area protector 400 is limited to a dielectric material is seen from the description given above; it is to efficiently transmit the high-frequency electromagnetic wave power given by the stage high-frequency electromagnetic wave power supply 41 to the space in the proximity of the surface of the substrate stage 4. As described above, the chucking dielectric block 402 is disposed on the top face of the stage main body 401 of the substrate stage 4, thus even if the placement area protector 400 is not placed, the surface of the substrate stage 4 is a dielectric material. Therefore, the highfrequency electromagnetic wave power can be introduced into the space in the proximity of the surface of the substrate stage 4.
However, if the plasma cleaning is executed without placing the placement area protector 400, the surface of the chucking dielectric block 402 is intensely etched; since no thin film is deposited during the processing of the substrate 40 on the surface of the placement area, namely, the area covered with the substrate 40 at the processing of the substrate 40 in the surface of the substrate stage 4, the area surface is exposed directly to the etching gas and is intensely etched when the plasma cleaning is executed.
If the surface of the chucking dielectric block 402 is etched, the etching does not uniformly develop, producing asperities on the surface. Resultantly, the electrostatic chucking action becomes nonuniform. In a severe case, the entire portion on the chucking electrode 403 may be etched to expose the chucking electrode 403, making electrostatic chucking impossible.
A thin film is deposited on the non-placement area in the surface of the substrate stage 4 during the processing, and is etched during the plasma cleaning, thus the surface of the substrate stage 4 below the thin film is not etched. If the cleaning operation continues after the thin film is completely removed, that portion may be etched, but will be etched less than the placement area; even if it is etched, originally the substrate 40 is not placed on that portion and therefore such a problem making it hard to electrostatically chuck the substrate 40 does not occur.
Considering such a point in the embodiment, the placement area protector 400 is placed on the substrate stage 4 in place of the substrate 40 for protecting the placement area of the substrate stage 4. Preferably, the placement area protector 400 is of such a shape to completely cover only the portion on which no thin film is deposited during the processing and not to cover the portion on which a thin film is deposited. If a part of the portion on which no thin film is deposited is not covered, the part is etched; if a part of the portion on which a thin film is deposited is covered, etching gas is shut off from the thin film of the part, which is not removed and is left.
Considering such a point in the embodiment, the placement area protector 400 is formed of a plate-shaped member made of a dielectric material and the dimensions and shape of the surface of the placement area protector 400 match those of the surface of the substrate 40 to be processed or those of the placement area of the surface of the substrate stage 4. Although the dimensions and shape of the placement area are often the same as those of the surface of the substrate 40, they may differ from each other if a space for transferring the substrate 40 exists, for example.
As seen from the description given above, the placement area protector 400 itself is etched during the plasma cleaning. Therefore, preferably it is made of such a material emitting substance which will be no foreign substance when the substrate 40 is processed; if the substrate 40 is made of a silicon-based semiconductor, the abovementioned silica glass is preferably used.
In a preferred embodiment, the placement area protector is formed from a material having the same electrical properties as the unnecessary deposited film which is formed in the vacuum vessel during substrate processing. As previously discussed, this unnecessary thin film becomes deposited on the inner surfaces of the vacuum vessel and on the surface of the substrate stage.
Further, it is preferable that the placement area protector 400 is transferred into and out of the vacuum vessel 1 by the same transport mechanism as that transferring the substrate 40, from the point of simplification of the system and the operation. In this case, if the placement area protector 400 is remarkably heavier than the substrate 40, it often exceeds the allowance of the transport mechanism. From this point, preferably the placement area protector 400 is ten times or less as heavy as the substrate 40.
To introduce the placement area protector 400, preferably it is transported through an opening such as the gate valve like the substrate 40. However, if the placement area protector 400 is too thick, it cannot be passed through the opening. In this case, such a troublesome operation of restoring the inside of the vacuum vessel 1 to atmospheric pressure, dividing the vacuum vessel 1, and placing the placement area protector 400 on the substrate stage 4 is required. From this point, preferably the placement area protector 400 is three times or less as thick as the substrate 40.
An example of the placement area protector 400 made of the above-mentioned silica glass is about 1.5 mm thick and has the surface dimensions and shape equal to those of a 6-inch wafer.
Next, pressure when the plasma cleaning method of the embodiment is executed will be discussed.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the results of an experiment testing the pressure when the plasma cleaning method of the embodiment is executed; it is a graph showing the relationship between the pressure in the vacuum vessel 1 and the etch rate of a silicon oxide film on the inner face of the vacuum vessel 1. In FIG. 3, the vertical axis denotes the etch rate and the horizontal axis denotes the pressure in the film depositing chamber 101.
The experiment conditions for FIG. 3 were perfluorocarbon 14 gas flow rate 400 SCCM, oxygen gas flow rate 100 SCCM, high-frequency electromagnetic wave power supplied to the bell jar 12, 2000 W, and high-frequency electromagnetic wave power applied to the substrate 40, 0.5 W/cm2. The opening of the variable conductance valve 114 was adjusted and the number of revolutions of the main pump 112, which is a turbo molecular pump, was adjusted for evacuating the vacuum vessel 1, thereby changing the pressure in the vacuum vessel 1 from 0.1 Torr to 5 Torr.
As shown in FIG. 3, the etch rate is about 50 nm/min in the range where the pressure in the vacuum vessel 1 varies from 0.1 to 0.5 Torr, but increases as the pressure exceeds 0.5 Torr, and takes the maximum value of 400 nm/min when the pressure is about 2 Torr. The etch rate slightly decreases in the range where the pressure furthermore increases. In the range where the pressure exceeds 5 Torr, plasma discharge becomes unstable and sometimes plasma cannot be generated.
Thus, it is decided that the pressure region appropriate for plasma cleaning where the etch rate is high ranges from 0.5 to 5 Torr.
A helicon wave plasma forming system may also be selected as a system wherein the plasma cleaning method is executed. FIG. 4 shows a schematic configuration of such a system.
For the helicon wave plasma, the fact that when a strong magnetic field is applied, an electromagnetic wave having a lower frequency than the plasma vibration frequency propagates in plasma without attenuation is used. Recently, attention has been given to the helicon wave plasma as a technique capable of producing high-density plasma at low pressure. When the electromagnetic wave propagation direction in the plasma is parallel with the magnetic field direction, the electromagnetic wave becomes circularly polarized light in one determined direction and proceeds helicoidally, which is why the technique is called helicon wave plasma.
The helicon wave plasma forming system in FIG. 4 has a loop-shaped antenna 34 disposed in place of the high-frequency coil 31 in FIG. 1. A round bar or a belt-shaped member is bent to form an upper and lower 2-stage loop-shaped as the antenna 34.
A magnetic field forming mechanism 35 is located surrounding a bell jar 12. It has a double coil structure consisting of an inner coil 35 a and an outer coil 35 b, which are disposed at positions coaxial with the bell jar 12. The coil winding direction and electrical energization direction of the inner coil 35 a and the outer coil 35 b are adjusted so that magnetic fields opposite to each other are formed. The magnetic field forming mechanism 35, which is made a double coil structure, has an advantage of easily producing a desired magnetic field. Further, it may be made of a single coil.
The magnetic field generated by the magnetic field forming mechanism 35 efficiently transports plasma produced in the bell jar 12 to a film depositing chamber 101, 50 that the production of the plasma into high density in the film depositing chamber 101 can be accelerated. As a result, the plasma cleaning for the inner face of a vacuum vessel 1 and the surface of a substrate stage 4 can also be executed more efficiently.
The plasma cleaning method of the invention is effective not only for the plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition system, but also for other vacuum processing systems such as a substrate dry etching system.
Although the example of using perfluorocarbon 14 gas (CF4) as etching gas has been discussed, it is clear that a similar effect is produced by using perfluorocarbon 116 gas (C2F6), sulfur hexafluoride gas (SF6), nitrogen trifluoride (NF3), mixed gas of argon gas with oxygen gas, or the like. If argon gas is used, plasma cleaning can be executed while highly efficient sputtering is performed because argon ions produced in plasma are high in sputtering ratio.
The placement area protector 400 may be formed of a material such as aluminum oxide or sapphire as well as silicon oxide or silica glass. In a preferred embodiment, the placement area protector has the same electrical properties as an unnecessary film which is deposited on surfaces located within the vacuum vessel during substrate processing.
As described above, according to the invention, the plasma cleaning for removing a thin film deposited on the surface of the substrate stage or the like in the vacuum vessel can be completed in a short time, contributing to improvement in the availability of the system.
applying a second high-frequency electromagnetic wave to the substrate stage using a second high-frequency electromagnetic wave supply to supplementarily form plasma in the proximity of the surface of the substrate stage, wherein a frequency of said first high frequency electromagnetic wave and a frequency of said second high-frequency electromagnetic wave are equal.
2. The plasma cleaning method as claimed in claim 1, wherein pressure of the introduced etching gas ranges from 0.5 to 5 Torr.
3. The plasma cleaning method as claimed in claim 1 wherein in said area protector placing step, a planar surface of said placement area protector is placed on the substrate stage, the substrate stage having a major planar surface which is substantially free of indentations and protrusions.
4. The plasma cleaning method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first high frequency electromagnetic wave applied to the conductor surrounding the vacuum vessel is applied simultaneously with the second high frequency electromagnetic wave applied to the substrate stage.
5. The plasma cleaning method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in said area protector placing step, the substrate to be processed during film formation is not placed on the substrate stage with the area protector.
6. The plasma cleaning method of claim 4 wherein the conductor surrounding the vacuum vessel is disposed external to the vacuum vessel.
7. The plasma cleaning method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said placement area protector is made from one of silicon oxide, sapphire and aluminum oxide, and the etching gas comprises oxygen and one of perflurocarbon, argon, sulfur hexfluoride and nitrogen trifluoride.
Dictionary of Science and Technology, W & R Chambers, pp. 495, 964, 1071 and 1254 (1974).
English Language Abstract of Japanese Hei. 5-55184, 1993.
Grill, Cold Plasma in Materials Fabrication, IEEE Press, pp. 99-101 (1994).
Hawkley's Chemical Dictionary, pp. 985, 986, 1035 (1993).
Pierson, Handbook of Chemical Vapor Deposition (DVD), Noyes Publications, pp. 231-234 and 278-282 (1992).
Sherman, Chemical Vapor Deposition for Microelectronics, Noyes Publication, pp. 66-77 and 131-136 (1987). | 2019-04-20T03:01:59Z | https://patents.google.com/patent/US6283130B1/en |
Total hip arthroplasty for adult patients with a history of infection of the hip in childhood could be a more technically demanding procedure due to complicated anatomy and the possibility of reinfection. Here, we conducted a mid-term analysis of clinical outcomes in such patients after primary cementless total hip arthroplasty (THA).
We reviewed 101 patients (101 hips; 51 men; mean age, 52.3 years) who underwent cementless THA between 2008 and 2015, at a mean of 24 years (range, 11–43) since the resolution of childhood hip infection. Patients were followed up for a mean of 6.1 years (range, 2.1–9.6). Clinical outcomes and quality of life after THA were assessed at final follow-up.
No cases of infection were reported during the follow-up, and patients showed significant improvement in Harris Hip Score, for which the mean score increased from 48.5 to 90 points; the modified Merle d’Aubigne and Postel (MAP) Hip Score; the Hip Dysfunction and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score; the SF-12; and mean limb length discrepancy, which decreased from 3.4 to 1.1 cm. During follow-up, four cases of prosthesis dislocation, three of transient sciatic paralysis, seven of femoral fracture, five of heterotopic ossification, and 19 of osteolysis were recorded. Revision surgery was performed for two patients, one for isolated loosening of the acetabular component and another for loosening of the femoral stem.
Cementless THA can effectively treat patients with a quiescent period of infection of the hip of more than 10 years, resulting in good functional outcomes and fewer complications. Risk of infection recurrence after THA in these patients seems extremely low.
Septic arthritis of the hip is the most common septic arthritis in children, with an incidence of about 1:20,000 in developing countries . The prognosis depends on prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment, such as surgical decompression and proper antibiotic use. If not treated promptly, septic arthritis of the hip may cause anatomic deformation of various bone and soft tissue structures, which can cause pain from secondary arthritis. Performing total hip arthroplasty (THA) in pediatric patients with septic arthritis of the hip is challenging because of their young age, the anatomical abnormalities of bone and soft tissue, and potential risk of postoperative deep infection. Various special surgical techniques have been designed to achieve THA in severely dysplastic hips in this subset of patients, but they are associated with relatively high rates of complications, including intraoperative femoral fractures, recurrent infection, mechanical loosening, and revisions [2–9].
Several studies suggest that THA can provide good prognosis if performed sufficiently long after resolution of hip infection, with rates of recurrence of 0–9.5% [4, 6, 10, 11]. The present study analyzed recurrence and other outcomes in patients who underwent primary cementless THA more than 10 years after resolution of hip infection.
This retrospective study was approved by the relevant Institutional Review Board. From February 2008 to April 2015, a total of 105 cases (108 hips) with osteoarthritis secondary to hip septic infection were treated with cementless total hip replacement in our hospital. The inclusion criteria are as follows: hip osteoarthritis and a clear history of acute pyogenic infection of the hip joint, such as acute hip pain, high fever, sinus formation or the corresponding sinus scar formation, or surgical incision and drainage scar. Exclusion criteria are as follows: osteoarthritis due to hip tuberculosis or fungal infection. The diagnosis of osteoarthritis in 101 cases was referred to the American College of Rheumatology diagnostic criteria for osteoarthritis . The types of pathogens are Staphylococcus aureus (80 hips), Streptococcus (9 hips), and unknown types of pathogens (12 hips). The mean age of the patient at the time of infection was 9.6 years (range, 7–12). All these patients were considered for enrollment in our study. The indication for total hip replacement is severe pain that does not respond to conservative treatment, resulting in stiffness, limping, and poor quality of life.
Preoperative and postoperative clinical evaluations, surgical data, and imaging findings were examined. Clinical evaluations were conducted at 2 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months after THA and annually thereafter, until the last follow-up. At clinical evaluations, patients were assessed using the Harris Hip Score, the Merle d’ Aubigne and Postel Hip Score, the 12-item short-form health survey questionnaire (SF-12) scale, and the Hip Dysfunction and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score. Pre- and postoperative limp severity (severity of limping was assessed using a 4-point ordinal scale) and limb length discrepancy (LLD) were recorded. All complications were reviewed.
Before THA, several tests were performed to rule out persistent hip infections. At 8 weeks before the surgery, all the patients had attempted suction. If there is no fluid in the joint, salt water was used for flushing. Complete blood cell count and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were measured before surgery. Perioperative aspirates, smears, and excised specimens were collected for aerobic, anaerobic, and TB bacilli growth culture. Intraoperative frozen sectioning of suspicious tissue was performed. Pathologic examination is used to determine evidence of bacterial or tuberculous infection. If there were radiolucent areas on preoperative radiography, intraoperative biopsy was performed and cultured. Antibiotics were not given perioperatively until deep tissue material was obtained for culture. Cefuroxime was administered intravenously for 2 days at a daily dose of 4.5 g.
One-stage THA without cement was performed in all patients; 6 hips underwent cementless THA with transverse subtrochanteric shortening osteotomy. Four professional surgeons performed all the operations. All procedures were performed via the posterolateral approach, with the patient in a lateral position. Surgical procedures of the posterior lateral approach are well described in the literature . The acetabular component (Pinnacle; DePuy Synthes, Warsaw, IN, USA) was fixed only by press-fit in 90 hips; in the remaining 11 hips, one or two screws were added to augment fixation.
If the acetabular bone was deficient, the resected femoral head was utilized to provide adequate coverage of the acetabular cup. The median diameter of the acetabular cup was 48 mm (range, 40–60). The femoral head size was 22 mm in 6 hips, 28 mm in 2 hips, and 32 mm in 93 hips. Ceramic-on-ceramic material was used in 74 hips, while metal-on-poly material was used in 27 hips. Cementless modular femoral stem (S-ROM, DePuy Synthes) was used in 34 hips, while others (Taper, DePuy Synthes) were used in 20 hips. In the hips that had cementless fixation, the femoral components were inserted with a press-fit. Although most of the anatomical structures of the hips have changed, the bone mass was good, probably because the patients were young.
All patients were encouraged to start exercising their limbs as early as possible after surgery.
Anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the hip, full-length view of the lower extremities, and three-dimensional computed tomography of the hip were taken at each follow-up visit. Mu et al. reported the measuring method of cup inclination . One hundred one patients had adequate preoperative and postoperative imaging for review. For six patients who had undergone transverse subtrochanteric shortening osteotomy, limb lengthening was measured on radiographs by subtracting the amount of femoral shortening from the amount of translation of the greater trochanter tip postoperatively . The criteria described by Masonis et al. assessed the bone healing at the osteotomy site using postoperative imaging. Serial radiographs were evaluated for evidence of component migration, heterotopic ossification, osteolysis, and so on. Seven zones were defined around the femoral component as described .
The acetabular component was diagnosed as loosening when the position of the acetabular component was changed or when a continuous radiolucent line was > 2 mm wide in both anteroposterior and lateral radiographs [18, 19]. Engh et al. reported the use of imaging analysis to assess femoral component looseness . The extent of femoral stem osteointegration was classified as “bone ingrown,” “fibrous stable,” or “loose” as described . The definition of femoral component submergence is reported in the literature .
Results are reported as mean values with ranges. Differences in pre- and postoperative continuous variables were assessed using two-sided, paired Student’s t test. P < 0.05 was considered significant. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to assess the time (1) until revision for any reason for any component or (2) until revision for radiographic loosening for any component. SPSS 19.0 was used for statistical analysis. (IBM, Armonk, USA).
Of the initial 108 hips in 105 patients, 2 patients (4 hips) had failed postoperative follow-up due to loss of contact information. Two patients (3 hips) died at 4 years after surgery as a result of causes unrelated to THA. The remaining 101 hips in 101 patients (51 men), all of whom underwent unilateral THA, were analyzed in this study. The patients had a mean age of 52.3 years (range, 24–79) at the time of surgery. The mean body mass index was 23.3 kg/m2 (range, 18.2–33.3). The mean interval between the resolution of active hip infection and arthroplasty was 24 years (range, 11–43).
Preoperative complete blood cell counts, ESR, and CRP levels in all patients were in the normal range. Mean operative time was 105 min (range, 45–175), and mean intraoperative blood loss was 400 ml (range, 200–700). Mean hospital stay was 8.5 days (range, 6–16). All intraoperative tests were negative for bacterial or tuberculous infection. Histology of frozen sections collected during surgery was negative for bacterial and tuberculous infection.
The mean duration of follow-up was 6.1 years (range, 2.1–9.6). During this period, none of the patients experienced infection recurrence in the hips treated by unilateral THA. Mean Harris Hip Score improved significantly from 48.5 points (range, 21–71) before surgery to 90 points (range 70–98) after surgery. Mean modified MAP Hip Score improved significantly from 5.5 points (range, 2–10) before surgery to 15.4 points (range, 12–19) after surgery. Similarly, the Hip Dysfunction and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score as well as the SF-12 score improved significantly between before and after surgery.
Preoperative LLD was 3.4 cm (range, 1.5–7), while postoperative LLD was 1.1 cm (range, 0.5–2.2) (Table 1). Postoperative LLD in all hips was < 1 cm in 43 cases, between 1 and 2 cm in 49 cases and between 2 and 3 cm in 9 cases. By the end of follow-up, none of the hips showed LLD > 3 cm. At 2-week follow-up, one patient complained that ipsilateral limb length was shorter on the operated side than on the other side, but no difference was found upon physical measurement. The same patient did not report shorter LLD at 6-month follow-up.
Mean leg prolonging was 2.1 cm (range, 1.1–3.9) postoperatively. Among the 34 patients who experienced postoperative limp, 4 had moderate limp, 30 had slight limp, and 0 had severe limp. Severe nonoperative limb pain caused by osteoarthritis of the hip may be one of the causes of the 4 patients (4 hips) of moderate limp.
Solid bone union at the osteotomy site was achieved in 6 hips without complications; the mean union time was 6 months (range, 3–9). One hip had progressive radiolucent lines around the proximal femoral stem (zones 1 and 7), which leads to the progressive sinking of the femoral shaft and loosening of the femoral component. Revision surgery was performed at 2.2 years after initial THA, with a fully porous-coated stem, and the new femoral component was stable. One patient had loosening of the acetabular cup at postoperative 5.5 years, and the acetabular component was revised. By the end of follow-up, all acetabular components were found to be in situ and radiographically stable (Fig. 1). Follow-up radiographs of 19 hips revealed little focal osteolysis in the greater trochanter, but no surgery was required. During follow-up, asymptomatic heterotopic ossification in 5 hips was observed on radiographs: 3 hips were assigned to class I of the Brooker classification system and 2 hips were assigned to class II.
There were seven cases of femoral fracture, including five cases of distal femur and two cases of proximal femur. These fractures did not involve displaced cracks during bone preparation. After treatment with cerclage cables, fractures healed without further sequelae. Four patients (4 hips) experienced postoperative dislocation once. One patient received closed reduction, while the others were observed within 9 months after exponential surgery and were successfully treated with open reduction and internal fixation. The dislocation did not recur.
Three patients (3 hips) experienced transient sciatic nerve palsy with weak ankle dorsiflexion and foot numbness. The three patients with nerve palsy were treated with drugs and returned to normal after 8 months without any sensory or motor deficit. No evidence of deep venous thrombosis, infection, or polyethylene wear was found during follow-up.
At 5.5 years postoperation, the Kaplan-Meier rate of survival without revision for any reason was 97.5% (95% confidence interval 90–99). The same results were obtained for the Kaplan-Meier rate of survival without revision for radiographic loosening for any component (Fig. 2).
THA in patients with hip pyogenic infection is challenging because of the risk of postoperative reinfection. Reducing the femoral head into the true acetabulum and maintaining it in position are difficult because of severe soft tissue contracture, persistent joint stiffness, coxa vara, anatomic abnormalities of the bone and soft tissue, abnormality in the neurovascular structures, and LLD. This has led clinicians to question whether and when THA should be attempted in a hip with a history of bacterial infection. One study recommended performing THA only after infection remains quiescent for more than 10 years. Consistent with this and other studies [4, 6], we did not observe a single case of infection recurrence in our cohort of patients undergoing THA after more than 10 years of infection quiescence.
Our findings strengthen the existing evidence that THA can be effective for treating quiescent septic hip arthritis, with minimal adverse consequences, for instance, implant failures and infections (Table 2). Our results are consistent with the reinfection rate of 1.2% (2 of 170) in a large study of THA . Some studies have reported higher reinfection rates [4, 11, 23], but these studies involved patients who underwent surgery after longer quiescence periods.
Placing acetabular components in an anatomical position promotes long-term stability of acetabular and femoral components. In our study, all acetabular components were implanted in the acetabulum. After 5.5 years, only 1 hip (0.99%) developed aseptic loosening of the acetabular component. This loosening rate is substantially lower than the rate of 15.3% (26 of 170 hips) in another study . However, the dislocation rate of our study (3.9%) was higher than the rate in that previous work (0%) . No stem loosening or non-union was observed in these patients (Fig. 3).
Anatomical placement of acetabular components may result in nerve damage in severe osteoarthritis that occurs secondary to hip pyogenic infection. Indeed, 3 hips (the 3 hips showed leg lengthening of 3.8, 3.9, and 3.7 cm, respectively) in our study suffered transient nerve injuries, probably because of the substantial leg lengthening, lack of surgeon experience, and relatively long surgery. By the last follow-up, all nerve injuries had healed without further complications. We suggest that leg lengthening > 3.5 cm increases the risk of nerve injury, which would be consistent with previous work .
In our study, osteolysis accounted for 18.8% (19 hips). This rate was lower than that reported in a previous study (using cemented THA) of 58.5% (72 out of 123 hips) . The results are the same as in previous studies . In addition, the proportion of heterotopic ossification was 4.95% (5 hips), which was also lower than that reported in previous studies [4, 26], and the proportion of heterotopic ossification in these studies was 28.5% (2 out of 7 hips) and 9.4% (16 out of 170 hips), respectively.
Compared with the cemented THA, cementless THA had the following advantages: periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) rate was low ; the prosthesis had a higher survival rate ; although the bone is loosening, there is no bone loss, which is in contrast to the obvious osteolysis in bone cement implants ; and there is no risk of adverse events related to cement, such as cardiopulmonary complications .
Our results should be interpreted with caution given that this was a retrospective evaluation without a control group. In addition, we were unable to compare outcomes between uni- and bilateral THA.
Yue Luo and Zhouyuan Yang contributed equally to this work.
This article contains data sets that support the conclusions of this article. All data is completely available and unlimited.
YL and ZY carried out the data analysis and drafted the manuscript. PDK conceived of the study, participated in its design and coordination, and helped to draft the manuscript. DL and YL participated in the design of the study and performed the statistical analysis. YL, DL, and YR helped to collect data and performed the statistical analysis. All authors have been actively involved in the drafting and critical revision of the manuscript, and each provided final approval of the version to be published.
This retrospective study was approved by the relevant Institutional Review Board at the West China Hospital of Sichuan University. The reference number is not applicable. Explicit informed consent for this retrospective study was not required. | 2019-04-22T04:32:07Z | https://josr-online.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13018-019-1074-4 |
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
Corresponding author: Harry A. Quigley, Wilmer 122, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 600 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21287; [email protected].
Cathy Nguyen, Frances E. Cone, Thao D. Nguyen, Baptiste Coudrillier, Mary E. Pease, Matthew R. Steinhart, Ericka N. Oglesby, Joan L. Jefferys, Harry A. Quigley; Studies of Scleral Biomechanical Behavior Related to Susceptibility for Retinal Ganglion Cell Loss in Experimental Mouse Glaucoma. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2013;54(3):1767-1780. doi: 10.1167/iovs.12-10952.
Purpose.: To study anatomical changes and mechanical behavior of the sclera in mice with experimental glaucoma by comparing CD1 to B6 mice.
Methods.: Chronic experimental glaucoma for 6 weeks was produced in 2- to 4-month-old CD1 (43 eyes) and B6 mice (42 eyes) using polystyrene bead injection into the anterior chamber with 126 control CD1 and 128 control B6 eyes. Intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements were made with the TonoLab at baseline and after bead injection. Axial length and scleral thickness were measured after sacrifice in the CD1 and B6 animals and compared to length data from 78 eyes of DBA/2J mice. Inflation testing of posterior sclera was conducted, and circumferential and meridional strain components were determined from the displacement response.
Results.: Experimental glaucoma led to increases in axial length and width by comparison to fellow eyes (6% in CD1 and 10% in B6; all P < 0.03). While the peripapillary sclera became thinner in both mouse types with glaucoma, the remainder of the sclera uniformly thinned in CD1, but thickened in B6. Peripapillary sclera in CD1 controls had significantly greater temporal meridional strain than B6 and had differences in the ratios of meridional to effective circumferential strain from B6 mice. In both CD1 and B6 mice, exposure to chronic IOP elevation resulted in stiffer pressure–strain responses for both the effective circumferential and meridional strains (multivariable regression model, P = 0.01–0.03).
Conclusions.: Longer eyes, greater scleral strain in some directions at baseline, and generalized scleral thinning after glaucoma were characteristic of CD1 mice that have greater tendency to retinal ganglion cell damage than B6 mice. Increased scleral stiffness after glaucoma exposure in mice mimics findings in monkey and human glaucoma eyes.
Both mean intraocular pressure (IOP) level, 1 IOP fluctuation, 2 and peak IOP 3 are closely associated with incident human glaucoma and its progressive worsening. IOP mechanically deforms the optic nerve head (ONH) through a pressure differential across the ONH that causes posterior bowing of the lamina cribrosa and through tensile stresses generated in the adjacent scleral tissues that cause expansion of the scleral canal. These stresses contribute to permanent excavation of ONH tissues, a defining clinical feature of human glaucoma. 4,5 ONH deformation affects retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons, astrocytes, blood vessels, and (in human and nonhuman primates) ONH connective tissues. Anterograde and retrograde RGC axonal transport are interrupted at the ONH leading to axon degeneration and RGC somal death by apoptosis 6,7 in human glaucoma, as well as in experimental monkey and rodent eyes. While vascular, glial, and immune factors contribute to RGC death in glaucoma, the contribution of IOP-generated stress is supported by abundant evidence and is potentially amenable to therapeutic intervention.
Because the ONH is a complex and relatively small structure, testing its specific mechanical behavior is only feasible indirectly. 17 By contrast, studies of scleral anatomy and physiology are possible and are highly relevant to what occurs at the ONH. Biomechanical models 18,19 show that the IOP-generated stresses in the sclera are critical in producing strain at the ONH. 20 A recent report 21 stated, “The sclera is an important factor in ONH biomechanics, and recent work strongly suggests that the biomechanics of the posterior sclera and lamina cribrosa are tightly coupled.” Variations in scleral mechanical properties could be one explanation for the fact that half of the patients with OAG suffer injury in the normal IOP range. 22 The mechanical behavior of the sclera, initially studied by uniaxial strip testing, 23–25 has been more realistically modeled using in vitro inflation testing with two- and three-dimensional analysis of intact posterior sclera in human, bovine, monkey, tree shrew, and mouse eyes, including those subjected to experimental glaucoma or induced myopia. 21,26–31 These reports have generally found increases in scleral stiffness with glaucoma.
Mouse IOP elevation models provide data relevant to human glaucoma and offer research avenues not possible in monkey or human eyes, including but not limited to the practical applicability of genetic alteration of mouse subtypes and the use of large sample sizes in experimental studies. Mammalian eyes that are subjected to experimental increases in IOP have neuronal, glial, and associated tissue alterations that are phenotypically similar to human glaucoma. 32,33 Furthermore, lowering of IOP slows the progressive loss of RGC in both animal and human glaucoma. 34,35 While mouse eyes differ in details of ONH anatomy from primates, they share the site of glaucoma injury and the selective death of RGC. Sun et al. 36 demonstrated that astrocytes in the mouse ONH simulate the structure of the collagenous lamina cribrosa in primate eyes. The mouse sclera has collagens, elastin, and other molecules, as in human sclera, 37 though its thickness and diameter are a tenth of the size of the thickness and diameter in human eyes. 38 While mouse eyes increase their axial length with chronic IOP increase, so do rat, monkey, and human infants with chronic glaucoma. Experimental mouse glaucoma data can relevantly validate the role of scleral structure and its response to chronic IOP elevation in ways not possible with other approaches.
We previously determined that CD1 mice are more susceptible to RGC death than B6 mice in experimental glaucoma. 39,40 We produced experimental glaucoma in these two types of mice and report both baseline scleral data and changes induced after chronic experimental glaucoma in the anatomy and biomechanical behavior of the sclera. A better understanding of scleral biomechanics in glaucoma can improve our ability to predict which eyes will worsen more rapidly and may lead to new therapeutic approaches.
All animals were treated in accordance with the ARVO Statement for the Use of Animals in Ophthalmic and Vision Research, using protocol MO10M159 approved and monitored by the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Animal Care and Use Committee. CD1 albino mice (Charles River Laboratories, Wilmington, MA) and B6 pigmented mice (Jackson Laboratories, Bar Harbor, ME) were used. There were 128 control or fellow eyes and 42 glaucoma eyes from B6 mice and 126 control or fellow eyes and 43 glaucoma eyes from CD1 mice. For comparison with these two mouse types and their experimental glaucoma changes, we studied DBA/2J mice that develop spontaneous glaucoma by 1 year of age (Jackson Laboratories), measuring axial length and scleral thickness in 51 eyes at 2 to 4 months of age (prior to development of glaucoma), 20 eyes at 10 to 12 months, and 7 eyes from 15- to 26-month-old mice.
For anterior chamber injections to produce glaucoma, mice were anesthetized by an intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg of ketamine, 10 mg/kg of xylazine, and 2 mg/kg of acepromazine and received topical anesthesia of 0.5% proparacaine hydrochloride eye drops (Akorn, Inc., Buffalo Grove, IL). Two bead injection protocols were used, as recently reported. 39 In one protocol, the 4 + 1 method, we injected 2 μL of 6-μm diameter beads, then 2 μL of 1-μm diameter beads (Polybead Microspheres; Polysciences, Inc., Warrington, PA), followed by 1 μL of viscoelastic compound (10 mg/mL sodium hyaluronate, Healon; Advanced Medical Optics, Inc., Santa Ana, CA) through a glass cannula pulled to a tip diameter of 50 μm connected by polyethylene tubing to a Hamilton syringe (Hamilton, Inc., Reno, NV). The 4 + 1 protocol was used in 34 eyes each of B6 and CD1 mice (2–4 months of age at injection). In the other protocol, the 2 + 3 protocol, we injected a total of 2 μL of the 6-μm beads followed by 3 μL of viscoelastic compound. The 2 + 3 protocol was used in eight B6 and nine CD1 mouse eyes (12–19 months of age). We estimated that the final concentration in the 4 + 1 protocol was 3 × 106 beads/μL for 6-μm beads and 1.5 × 107 beads/μL for 1-μm beads. The two different protocols did not induce differences that were relevant to the analyses presented here, since groups were being compared with regard to a property or measurement only when the same method was used in both groups.
Prior to IOP measurement, animals were anesthetized by inhalation of isoflurane, using the RC2-Rodent Circuit Controller (VetEquip, Inc., Pleasanton, CA). This instrument supplies oxygen from an attached tank at 50 to 55 pounds per square inch. Oxygen is mixed with isoflurane and sent at a speed of 500 mL/min, delivering 2.5% of isoflurane in oxygen to the animal. Two minutes after the animal was sedated, IOP measurements were made using the TonoLab tonometer (TioLat, Inc., Helsinki, Finland), recording the mean of six readings with optimal variability grade. We measured baseline IOP prior to injection, at 10 minutes after injection, and weekly to sacrifice at 6 weeks after injection.
Animals with induced glaucoma that did not undergo inflation testing received intraperitoneal injection of general anesthesia before sacrifice by exsanguination, followed by intracardiac perfusion with 4% paraformaldehyde in 0.1 M sodium phosphate buffer (pH = 7.2). IOP was set at 15 mm Hg with a needle connected to a fluid-filled reservoir to produce standard conditions for axial length and width measurement. The measurements were performed with a digital caliper (Instant Read Out Digital Caliper; Electron Microscopy Sciences, Hatfield, PA). The length was measured from the center of the cornea to a position just temporal to the optic nerve, and both nasal–temporal width and superior–inferior width were measured at the largest dimension at the equator, midway between the cornea and optic nerve. Eyes that underwent biomechanical inflation testing were first enucleated after sacrifice, were not treated with aldehyde fixation, and were measured before inflation testing for axial length and width using a digital caliper (Instant Read Out Digital Caliper; Electron Microscopy Sciences), as previously described.
The inflation test method has been previously described in detail. 26 In brief, the eye was glued to a fixture at the limbus and inflated through pressure-controlled injection of a saline solution. Digital image correlation (DIC) was used to locate the scleral edge as seen from a superior view, extending from the fixture to the optic nerve both nasally and temporally (Fig. 1A). The coordinates for a series of locations along the sclera were obtained from DIC at the baseline pressure (undeformed configuration) and after displacement produced by inflation (deformed configuration). The strains were calculated directly from the DIC displacements. In this analysis, the term meridional referred to the direction along the scleral edge, while circumferential referred to the direction parallel to the equator.
Schematic for scleral strain analysis. Schematics for strain analysis indicate the meridional and circumferential orientations with Φ and θ, respectively. (A) Representative schematic of an inflation-tested right eye, where Rk indicates the regions for scleral analysis. (B) Representative superior view of the sclera with curvilinear coordinate s, which is used to locate a point along the scleral edge. (C) Representative posterior view of the sclera indicating the two material directions used for strain calculations. (D) Representative superior view of the undeformed (solid line) and deformed (dashed line) scleral edge, indicating the undeformed position, X(s), the deformed position, x(s), the displacement vector, u(s), and the diameter D of the undeformed cross-section at s.
Inflation testing used enucleated, unfixed whole mouse eyes glued with cyanoacrylate to a fixture. The anterior chamber was connected through a 30-gauge needle and tubing to a programmable transducer-pump manifold and immersed in phosphate-buffered saline at 22°C. The preparation permitted analysis of the posterior 2/3 of the globe. A CCD video camera (Grasshopper, model Gras-20S4M-C; Point Grey Research, Inc., Richmond, BC, Canada) attached to a dissecting microscope (Stereomicroscope Stemi 2000-CS; Carl Zeiss Microscopy, LLC, Thornwood, NY) viewed the eye from superiorly, recording scleral edge images every 2 seconds, which were processed by DIC software 41 to extract the two-dimensional (2D) displacement field of selected points along the scleral edge. The error in the displacement measurement was calculated previously as ±0.46 μm. This included contributions from the uncertainty in the pixel-distance calibration, ±0.36 μm, and the inherent error of the DIC correlation, ±0.1 μm. 26 To characterize the nonlinear, time-dependent material behavior, testing began at a reference pressure, P0, determined for each eye as the minimum pressure at which the sclera was no longer wrinkled, typically 6 to 8 mm Hg. The specimen was first subjected to two load–unload cycles from P0 to 30 mm Hg at a rate of 0.25 mm Hg/s. The pressure was returned to P0 and held for 10 minutes after each unloading to ensure full recovery of the displacements. A ramp hold test was then conducted, at a rate of 0.25 mm Hg/s, from P0 to 30 mm Hg. The specimen was held at 30 mm Hg for 30 minutes before the pressure was brought back to P0 for a recovery period of 20 minutes. The present analysis was applied to the loading portion of the first load–unload cycle. We successfully carried out inflation tests on 23 glaucoma CD1 eyes, 20 CD1 control eyes, 17 glaucoma B6 eyes, and 21 B6 control eyes. Unsuccessful inflation tests had obvious leakage from cannulation, eyes that detached from the fixture, or technical failure to complete the protocol. Among the successful inflations, we were able to apply the analytical model to 20 glaucoma CD1 eyes, 20 CD1 control eyes, 12 glaucoma B6 eyes, and 20 B6 control eyes.
The following describes the analytical method developed to calculate the meridional and circumferential strains of the mouse sclera from the data of the inflation experiments. At any given pressure step, the DIC algorithm provided the 2D reference (undeformed) coordinates of select points along the nasal and temporal edge at the reference pressure, as well as the 2D displacement vectors. The points were chosen by first identifying the location of the ONH then defining a series of subsequent points every 0.1 mm along the scleral edge toward the fixture. We defined for each point a rectangular subset (35 × 35 pixels) in the reference image that contained part of the dark sclera and part of the whiter background to create a natural speckle pattern (see Supplementary Material and Supplementary Fig. S1). Each pixel corresponded to a real area of 13.9 × 13.9 μm2. The DIC algorithm used the distribution of gray values in the subset to determine the position of the point in subsequent images of the deforming specimens to calculate the in-plane displacements.
The displacements and reference coordinates were used to calculate the meridional and effective circumferential strains (defined in following text). In developing the analysis, we assumed that the scleral edge deforms within the plane. We did not assume that the scleral shell is axisymmetric; thus the configuration and displacements of the nasal and temporal edge were allowed to differ. To calculate the pressure–strain response, we defined two different coordinate systems: (1) a Cartesian coordinate system (e 1, e 2), in which e 1 was parallel to the fixture (Fig. 1A), and (2) a curvilinear coordinate system following the scleral edge as shown in Figures 1B and 1C. The coordinate s denotes the arc length measured from the apex. Because the scleral shell was not assumed to be axisymmetric, different arc length coordinates s were used to parameterize the undeformed nasal and temporal edges. For both, s = 0 indicates the position of the ONH. This location could be determined consistently between specimens and enabled regional comparisons among specimens. The meridional strains for the nasal and temporal halves of the sclera were analyzed separately.
To determine the e 2 axis of the Cartesian coordinate system, a line was drawn to connect the two apex points on the nasal and temporal edges, where the optic nerve margins joined the sclera. The e 2 axis was defined as the line bisecting the two apex points extending to the fixture. The e 1 axis was defined as being perpendicular to the e 2 axis and passing through a point where the scleral edge met the fixture. Once the Cartesian coordinate system was constructed, DIC reference positions and displacements were determined for the Cartesian coordinate system at each pressure step, using a dense grid along both scleral edges. From the reference positions, we defined for the temporal and nasal edges the referenced arc length coordinates s along the scleral edge and four scleral regions starting from the peripapillary sclera (Fig. 1A).
where u1′ = du1/dv and u2′ = du2/dv. The method was applied separately to calculate the meridional strain for each scleral edge. To validate this method for select specimens, the scleral edge was discretized into line segments connecting the reference positions X. The meridional stretch was calculated discretely using central difference as λΦ(si) = ||xi+1 − xi−1||/||xi+1 − xi−1||, and applied to calculate the strain as EΦΦ(si) = ½ × ( λΦ2(si) – 1) (Fig. 2). The analytical and discrete strain calculations yielded similar results. The analytical method provided a smoother strain field, while the discrete method was more susceptible to experimental noise.
Analytical versus discrete strain calculations. Comparing a smoothed (blue) and discrete (black) method of strain calculation for the temporal edge of a representative CD1 specimen. The discrete method discretized the scleral edge into line segments and used central difference to calculate the stretch of each line segment, while the smoothed method modeled the scleral edge as an elliptical curve undergoing 2D displacements in the plane. Rk indicates the regions, which are defined as every four points along the scleral edge.
The nasal and temporal edges of each specimen were not significantly different from each other (Fig. 3). Thus, the definition for D provides a reasonable approximation for the diameter. The effective circumferential strain would equal the local circumferential strain for an axisymmetric scleral shell.
Temporal versus nasal scleral edge. This figure shows the superimposed temporal and nasal scleral edges for (A) a CD1 mouse and (B) a B6 mouse. The nasal and temporal edges of each specimen were not significantly different from each other. Thus, the definition for D provides a reasonable approximation for the diameter.
For statistical comparisons, we defined four regions, R1 to R4, as consisting of four consecutive points along the scleral edge, excluding the first two points closest to the ONH and the last two points closest to the fixture (Fig. 2). The strains within a region were then averaged to provide a single pressure–strain curve for each region for each of three strain measures: the effective circumferential strain, the temporal meridional strain, and the nasal meridional strain. The three averaged strain measures were compared regionally for each specimen at each pressure step of interest. Region 1 was that closest to the ONH (peripapillary), and regions 2, 3, and 4 were sequentially in the direction of the anterior eye (Fig. 1A).
For measurement of scleral thickness, the superior quadrant of fresh unfixed sclera was cut from the limbus to the peripapillary area and placed in buffer. Three strips from this quadrant, measuring 0.33 mm wide and 2.5 mm long, were cut from the peripapillary area to the limbus with a sharp blade. Each strip was further divided into six portions, every 0.4 to 0.5 mm, designated as section 1 (peripapillary) to section 6 (limbal area; Fig. 4). Using an eyepiece micrometer, three measurements of sclera thickness were then made in each of the six sections of the three strips from an eye, with the mean for each section reported here. Parallel measurements done on fresh, unfixed scleral segments by confocal microscopy showed that the thickness obtained was consistent between the two methods (data not shown). Some eyes had scleral thickness measured without prior inflation testing, while others were measured after inflation testing. The potential effect of such prior testing was measured in the biostatistical analysis and taken into account as a potential confounder in regression models.
Schematic of locations for scleral thickness measurements. This figure shows the schematic of an inflation tested right eye, where Sk indicates the sections delineated by the six locations of scleral thickness measurements. The first four scleral thickness measurement sections (S1–S4) approximately correspond to the position of the four regions analyzed during inflation testing Figure 1A (R1–R4). The regions corresponding to sections 5 and 6 were not measured during inflation testing as the fixture and glue obstruct the view of these areas. The bold dashed line indicates the typical position of the fixture and the dotted line indicates the limbal margin.
Tissues were fixed after inflation testing by immersion in 4% paraformaldehyde in 0.1 M sodium phosphate buffer (pH = 7.2). To assess RGC damage, we estimated axon loss in optic nerve cross-sections by a quantitative sampling technique. 42,43 After initial paraformaldehyde fixation, the optic nerve was removed and postfixed in 1% osmium tetroxide, dehydrated in alcohol, and stained with 1% uranyl acetate in 100% ethanol for 1 hour. Nerves were embedded in epoxy resin and 1-μm cross-sections were digitally imaged to measure each optic nerve area. Then, five 40 × 40 μm, randomly selected ×100 images were made (Cool Snap camera, Metamorph Image Analysis software; Molecular Devices, Downington, PA), comprising 9% of the overall nerve area. Masked observers edited nonaxonal elements from each image to estimate true axon density. The average axon density per square millimeter was multiplied by the individual nerve area to estimate the axon number. Experimental eyes were compared to the mean axon number in pooled fellow eye nerves to yield percent axon loss.
The following data were tabulated and compared statistically between treated and control eyes: IOP average level, IOP exposure over time (positive integral = area under the IOP versus time curve in the treated eye that exceeded the area under the IOP versus time curve in the control eye), axial length and widths, axon count, and strains from inflation testing. Mean values were compared with parametric statistical tests for data that were normally distributed and median values with nonparametric testing for those whose distributions failed normality testing. Multivariable regression models, using a generalized estimating equation (GEE) approach when multiple measurements on each mouse were included, were used to compare pressure–strain behavior between the two types of mice and between glaucoma and control data, and to compare outcome parameters such as axial length/width and axon count (GraphPad InStat; GraphPad Software, Inc., LaJolla, CA; and SAS 9.2; SAS Institute, Cary, NC). Strain curves for each region and each measure of strain were estimated using three separate GEE models The first model (control eyes only) estimated the curve for CD1 control eyes and B6 control eyes and the difference between B6 and CD1 control eyes. The second model (glaucoma eyes only) estimated the curve for CD1 glaucoma eyes and B6 glaucoma eyes. For the third model, the difference in strain between the control eye and the glaucoma eye for a mouse was used as the independent variable in order to estimate the difference between glaucoma eyes and control eyes for each strain measurement and to compare the B6 difference and the CD1 difference. The working correlation matrix for the repeat measurements at seven pressures was assumed to have an autoregressive structure, in which measurements taken closer in time have higher correlation. For each strain ratio, separate GEE models were used to obtain estimates for control eyes and glaucoma eyes. The working correlation matrix for the repeat measurements at seven pressures for each of four regions was assumed to have an exchangeable structure, in which any two repeat measurements had the same correlation.
Control CD1 mice had significantly longer and wider eyes than did B6 mice (P < 0.0001, multivariable model adjusting for age and previous inflation testing; Table 1). The CD1 controls overall were 4.6% longer than control B6. In multivariable regression models, for both CD1 and B6 combined, older eyes and eyes that were measured without aldehyde fixation were significantly longer (multivariable regression R 2 = 0.37, P < 0.0001 [age], P = 0.003 [fixation]). There was a slightly greater width for both mouse types in the nasal–temporal meridian than in the superior–inferior one. This difference was not significant in B6 control eyes (P = 0.2), and while significant in CD1 controls, the difference was only 1.2% (P = 0.03, t-test; Table 1).
n , number of eyes; S-I, superior–inferior direction; N-T, nasal–temporal direction.
* Values are given as mean (standard deviation).
† Length and width measurements are given in millimeters.
‡ Scleral thickness measurements from sections 1 through 6 are given in micrometers.
B6 control eyes were significantly longer in older mice than in younger mice, and eyes that were measured without aldehyde fixation were longer than those with fixation (multivariable model, R 2 = 0.21, P < 0.0001 [age], P = 0.0009 [fixation], n = 121 eyes). There was also an increase in both width measurements with age (nasal–temporal and superior–inferior; Table 2). In 122 control CD1 mouse eyes, axial length and both widths were significantly larger in older mice (multivariable regression, R 2 = 0.31, P < 0.0001), but these parameters were unaffected by fixation (P = 0.10). The mean axial length in eyes measured prior to fixation for B6 eyes was 3% greater than those measured after fixation (3.41 mm compared with 3.31 mm, n = 77, 51); in CD1 eyes mean axial length was 3.53 mm for both eyes with and without prior fixation.
n.a., data are not available.
* Young DBA/2J mice (2–4 months old, prior to developing glaucoma) had similar axial length to the B6 controls (Table 3).
† Age is given in months.
‡ Length and width measurements are given in millimeters.
§ Scleral thickness measurements from sections 1 through 6 are given in micrometers.
* Age is given in months.
Among all three mouse types, the sclera was thickest at the peripapillary area (section 1), second thickest at the limbus (section 6), and thinnest in the midsclera (Tables 1–3). Normal B6 eyes had significantly thicker peripapillary and limbal sclera than CD1 eyes, but similar scleral thickness to CD1 in the midscleral sections (multivariable regression model controlling for age, the P value for peripapillary or limbal sclera was <0.0001; Fig. 5). DBA/2J eyes at 2 to 4 months of age were not significantly different from B6 in scleral thickness in any section.
Normal scleral thickness: B6, CD1. Blue (CD1 control) and red (B6 control) indicate the mean scleral thickness from sections 1 (peripapillary) through 6 (limbus) and corresponding standard deviations (flagged vertical bars).
Comparing the scleral thicknesses to axial length and width by mouse type, the thickness of the peripapillary sclera in B6 controls was significantly related to the width of the eye, such that the wider the eye, the thinner the peripapillary sclera (regression model, adjusted for age and inflation test status, P = 0.03 [peripapillary thickness]). Axial length (as opposed to width) was not significantly related to peripapillary scleral thickness in B6. There was no significant relationship between either axial length or width and peripapillary scleral thickness in CD1 control eyes (multivariable regression model, P = 0.9 [peripapillary sclera]).
In B6 mice, we acquired more extensive age-related data. These showed that as animals became older in the first year of life, axial length and width increased, and scleral thickness either remained the same or increased. However, in mice over 1 year of age, while length and width remained stable or increased somewhat, scleral thickness declined to levels even below those seen in the youngest animals. For example, in the peripapillary area (section 1), thickness was significantly related to age (nonparametric ANOVA, P = 0.0002; Table 3), with increasing mean thickness from 2 to 4 months to 5 to 7 months and between 2- to 4-month and 10- to 12-month eyes (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, respectively). By contrast, the oldest, 15- to 26-month-old animals had significantly thinner sclera in section 1 than either 5- to 7-month-old or 10- to 12-month-old mice (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, respectively), but not significantly different from 2- to 4-month-old mice (P > 0.05). A similar pattern occurred in the limbal area (section 6), in which the 15- to 26-month sclera was significantly thinner than the youngest 2- to 4-month-old or the 10- to 12-month-old mice (P < 0.01, P < 0.001, respectively). This pattern of scleral thickening from young to adult animals with subsequent thinning in elderly animals has been reported by Girard and coworkers in monkeys. 27 Coudrillier et al. 30 also reported that older age was predictive of a thinner sclera in human donor eyes, with the average scleral thickness decreasing 15% between 40 and 90 years of age in normal human eyes. A different pattern was seen in the midsclera (sections 2–5); the youngest mice, 2 to 4 months of age, had significantly thicker sclera than any of the older three groups, but from 5 months onward the groups did not differ (e.g., section 2, nonparametric ANOVA, P < 0.001 for 2–4 months compared with 5–7 months, other differences P > 0.05).
The IOPs in bead-injected glaucoma eyes from both types of mice were significantly higher than in control eyes. The positive integral IOP difference between bead-injected and control fellow eyes was not significantly different between the two types of mice. The median for CD1 was 118 mm Hg–days and for B6 it was 104 mm Hg–days (means: 134 ± 149 and 174 ± 113, respectively, P = 0.3, t-test).
For the inflation studies included here, in the protocol utilized, the globes were removed, the optic nerve excised, and inflation tests performed. Then, the tissues were immersed in fixative. Previously, we showed that immersion fixation is not ideal for counting optic nerve axon loss compared with fixation by perfusion of fixative through the vasculature immediate after sacrifice by exsanguination under anesthesia. 39 In fact, delayed immersion fixation leads to significantly higher variability in axon counts, which makes the determination of differences in axon loss between groups much more difficult. Therefore, it was not surprising that the variance in axon numbers in the B6 and CD1 nerves that were evaluated here was twice as high as in perfusion-fixed specimens. The mean axon loss for the study nerves was 25 ± 23% compared to their fellow eye nerves (median loss = 20%; P < 0.0001, Wilcoxon rank sum test), showing that the glaucoma model produced significant damage. However, due to the higher variance in axon counts compared to ideal fixation, we did not detect a significant difference between CD1 and B6 nerves with the present sample, which had only 50% power, to have determined a difference between the mouse types as large as that seen in our prior work with much larger numbers of animals and more ideal perfusion fixation.
There was a significant increase in axial length and in both width measurements in CD1 and B6 mice after 6 weeks of glaucoma. Likewise, axial length significantly increased in DBA/2J mice by 10 months of age or older (P < 0.0001 for all, t-test; Tables 1, 3, and 4). The length increase was 8.8% for CD1 and 9.2% for B6, while in 10- to 12-month-old DBA/2J, length was 13.7% greater than in 2- to 4-month-old mice. The width increase in the nasal–temporal meridian was 6.2% (CD1) and 6.8% (B6), but only 3.8% (CD1) and 5.1% (B6) in the superior–inferior meridian. Regression models adjusting for age, prior aldehyde fixation, and IOP exposure showed no significant difference between the CD1 and B6 mice in the changes induced by bead glaucoma in axial length or width (P > 0.05 for all).
n = 34 pairs of eyes from each strain of mice.
After chronic IOP elevation, the changes in scleral thickness differed in the two mouse types with induced bead glaucoma. In both types of mice, peripapillary scleral thickness became significantly thinner and the limbal sclera did not change significantly (Table 4; differences were not significantly related to positive integral IOP). However, in CD1 mice, every area of the sclera became thinner, and for all but the limbal measure the thinning was statistically significant (Fig. 6; Table 4; P = 0.008 for significance due to multiple comparisons). By contrast, the B6 mice actually developed thicker sclera—significantly so in sections 4 and 5 (t-tests, adjusted for positive integral IOP exposure, Table 4; Fig. 6). By contrast, the DBA/2J mice did not develop either thicker or thinner sclera (data not shown).
Change in scleral thickness with experimental glaucoma. Blue (CD1) and red (B6) bar graphs indicate the change in scleral thickness after glaucoma.
The averaged pressure–strain curves measured for control CD1 and B6 eyes for nasal meridional strain, temporal meridional strain, and the effective circumferential strain exhibited a nonlinear, strain-stiffening response typical of collagenous tissues (Fig. 7). In the statistical models that compared the pressure–strain response by region across mouse types, we used the slope of the pressure/strain relation denoted as the change in strain per unit change in pressure, with the pressure data converted to a log scale to produce assumptions of linearity for comparisons (Tables 5, 6). In this metric, a larger ratio of strain to log pressure indicates a more compliant response. In control eyes, CD1 showed significantly greater temporal meridional strain than B6 in three of the four regions (multivariable regression with GEE approach, Table 5; typical data shown for region 1, peripapillary area; Fig. 7). In both types of mice, the glaucoma eyes were stiffer than controls, with statistically significant stiffening in the majority of regional data for the three parameters of strain, nasal meridional, and temporal meridional (E ΦΦ), and effective circumferential (Ē θθ) (Table 6, representative data from Region 1; Fig. 8). The degree of stiffening did not differ significantly between CD1 and B6 eyes in any region, and in each of the three strain measures, the B6 eyes remained numerically stiffer than CD1 after exposure to IOP increase.
Pressure versus strain, region 1: CD1 control versus B6 control. Blue (CD1 control) and red (B6 control) curves illustrate the mean pressure-strain (solid line) and corresponding standard deviation (flagged horizontal line) for (A) the temporal meridional strain, (B) the nasal meridional strain, and (C) the effective circumferential strain.
Pressure versus strain, region 1: CD1 control versus CD1 glaucoma, B6 control versus B6 glaucoma. Blue (CD1 control) and green (CD1 glaucoma) curves illustrate the mean pressure–strain (solid line) and corresponding standard deviation (flagged horizontal line) for (A) the temporal meridional strain, (B) the nasal meridional strain, and (C) the effective circumferential strain. Red (B6 control) and black (B6 glaucoma) curves illustrate the mean pressure-strain (solid line) and corresponding standard deviation (flagged horizontal line) for (D) the temporal meridional strain, (E) the nasal meridional strain, and (F) the effective circumferential strain.
We compared the pressure–strain response of each type of mouse as a ratio of each of the two meridional strains to the effective circumferential strain, using GEE multivariable models (Table 7). At baseline, both types of mice had significant differences in a comparison of meridional temporal to effective circumferential strain, but in the opposite direction (i.e., meridional temporal greater than circumferential for CD1 and the reverse for B6). With glaucoma, the strain ratio for CD1 sclera changed to be not different from 1 in the temporal meridional to circumferential value, while the B6 eyes retained a ratio significantly less than 1.
* Calculations for the strain ratios include data from all four regions. Temporal E ΦΦ/Ē θθ is the ratio of the temporal meridional strain to the effective circumferential strain. Nasal E ΦΦ /Ē θθ is the ratio of the nasal meridional strain to the effective circumferential strain.
For the nasal meridional to circumferential ratio, CD1 sclera had a value not different from 1 at baseline, which significantly increased in the glaucoma eyes (Table 7). For B6, the nasal/circumferential ratio was not significantly different from 1 in control or glaucoma eyes.
CD1 mice are more susceptible than B6 mice to death of RGC in experimental glaucoma induced by bead injection, as shown in two prior reports 39,40 by both RGC cell body and axon loss in hundreds of eyes. This difference provides the opportunity to explore possible factors that determine susceptibility. In previous research, we found that young DBA/2J mice (prior to developing spontaneous glaucoma) have RGC damage in the experimental bead model that falls between that of CD1 and B6 mice. We explored the hypotheses that either the baseline state of the sclera or the scleral response to chronically elevated IOP, or both, are associated with this variability in susceptibility to glaucoma injury.
The greater susceptibility in CD1 mice was associated with the following baseline features compared with B6: longer eyes, thinner sclera in the critical peripapillary area, greater baseline temporal meridional strain, and greater temporal meridional than effective circumferential strain. For both theoretical and empirical reasons, a larger eye would be expected to be at greater risk for IOP-related damage. The larger the diameter of a spherical shell, the greater the stresses are in its wall, all other factors equal. Consistent with this concept, persons with myopia, who generally have longer eyes, are known to be at greater risk for OAG. 13 However, it is clearly too simplistic to consider that axial length/width is the sole factor involved in glaucoma susceptibility. Scleral tissues can also vary in thickness, composition, and biomechanical behavior, leading to greater or lesser strain. To illustrate how axial length alone may not be the dominant factor, we found that older B6 mice have longer eyes with similar scleral thickness, yet are less susceptible to RGC death than younger B6. 40 In addition, mice with an induced mutation in collagen 8, which have longer eyes than control B6, also have less susceptibility to RGC loss than wild type. 44 We are now carrying out further studies of the changes in scleral anatomy and their relationship to the inflation responses of mouse eyes with experimental glaucoma. The peripapillary sclera is a site of great interest in glaucoma pathogenetic research, so it is intriguing that the more susceptible CD1 mice have a thinner sclera and greater temporal meridional strain at baseline at this site prior to induction of glaucoma. Human scleral thickness varies by location in a manner similar to that seen in mice. 38,45 The peripapillary area has been studied histologically and found to have collagen and elastin fibers oriented in a circumferential ring around the ONH in human, 46–48 rat, 49 and mouse eyes. 47 The increased stiffness from these circumferential fiber reinforcements may partially protect the tissues of the ONH from the stress concentrations caused by the presence of the more compliant ONH by reducing the scleral canal expansion in response to IOP elevation. 50 At the same time, the fiber reinforcements may cause the tissues of the ONH to be more susceptible to damage from posterior bowing in response to IOP elevation. The degree of circumferential fiber alignment decreases significantly away from the ONH in mice and in human eyes. 51–53 Models of scleral behavior in human eyes consistently indicate that the peripapillary area is an important element determining stress on the ONH and is tightly coupled to effects in the lamina cribrosa. 20,54 Unless a thinner peripapillary sclera was somehow compensated by a greater resistance to deformation, it would represent a second factor increasing strain at the ONH.
It is equally likely that the response of the sclera to IOP during and after exposure to higher IOP in experimental glaucoma is an additional factor in glaucoma damage. In that regard, we found some responses that were consistent between mouse types and some that were different. The findings that were similar were increase in length and width of the eyes, thinning of the peripapillary sclera, and increase in stiffness in both material orientations (circumferential and meridional). The most apparent differences were that the CD1 mice developed uniformly thinner sclera than B6 mice after glaucoma induction and relative changes of the meridional and effective circumferential strain response that were different from those of B6.
The strain response of both CD1 and B6 were stiffer after glaucoma, despite the differences in scleral thickness change. The relative increase in stiffness was similar in both types of mice, suggesting that this was not the explanation for differential susceptibility. It is unclear whether the stiffening after glaucoma is beneficial or detrimental. In a previous report, 26 we inflation tested seven 2-month-old B6 mice and six 11-month-old B6 mice, determining the stiffness by pressure-induced displacement in the peripapillary sclera. The load–unload tests of younger specimens were significantly more compliant than for the older specimens, while the axial lengths and widths of the older specimens were also significantly larger than the younger specimens without a difference in scleral thickness. Clearly, the behavior of the sclera is complex, meriting detailed study, not only of inflation behavior and macroscopic anatomy, but of fibril orientation, composition, and other molecular rearrangements with age and during disease. We are presently engaged in such studies.
Stiffening of the ONH and sclera has been reported in other models and in living and postmortem human glaucoma eyes. Zeimer and Ogura 60 used an inflation method with postmortem glaucoma eyes and found that the ONH was stiffer and that stiffness was greater with greater RGC damage. Testing of living human eyes by indirect methods also suggests that glaucoma eyes have stiffer responses. 15,16 Coudrillier et al. 30 compared 24 normal and 11 glaucoma pairs of postmortem eyes, finding that the glaucoma scleras had a different strain response in the peripapillary sclera characterized by a stiffer meridional response and slower circumferential creep rates than normal. Glaucoma eyes were not significantly different from normal eyes in stresses and strains in the midposterior sclera. Girard et al. 21 studied eight monkey glaucoma eyes, determining that stiffness increased with moderate glaucoma damage, though the response was variable. They caution, “reporting a single stiffness value for the sclera does not represent its biomechanical response well. Scleral stiffness is a function of IOP (nonlinearity), orientation (anisotropy), and location (heterogeneity). This complexity should be taken into account when evaluating the contribution of scleral biomechanics to glaucoma pathogenesis.” Roberts et al. 61 modeled behavior of the ONH in three early glaucoma monkey eyes from connective tissue volume fractions. They hypothesized that scleral stiffening in glaucoma may shield the ONH somewhat by an increased load carried in the sclera. From the human data suggesting increased stiffness, we could not distinguish between two alternative hypotheses. One hypothesis is that compliant sclera increases susceptibility to glaucoma, and as damage occurs, the sclera becomes stiffer than normal. In this scenario, a compliant response at baseline would increase strain at the ONH and make damage more likely. The stiffness found in damaged glaucoma eyes would be explained as a response occurring during the chronic glaucoma process in the sclera. An alternative hypothesis is that stiffer eyes at baseline are more susceptible and become even stiffer during disease. This scenario would result if stiffness of the sclera increased strain within the ONH. Both hypotheses are compatible with existing human data. If the monkey and mouse experimental glaucoma data are relevant to the human disease, then greater stiffness is at least an effect of glaucoma. Whether eyes that are more compliant at baseline are more or less susceptible is as yet unsettled. In part, this is due to our inability at present to directly measure changes in the ONH tissues before and after induced glaucoma. Scleral canal expansion is determined more by scleral properties and responses, but outward bowing of the ONH is also influenced by properties of the ONH itself, and the two are both contributors to damage.
It will be vital to determine what molecular changes underlie alterations in scleral biomechanics in glaucoma. We and others have studied scleral fibrillar collagens and elastin, 62,63 particularly in the peripapillary area, 4,64 in normal and glaucomatous human eyes. The diameter distribution and orientation of fibrillar collagens in the ONH is unchanged in human OAG eyes, though elastin is either normal 65 or possibly somewhat degraded 66 and definitely has an altered appearance. 67,68 Collagen density decreased by 17% in both the ONH and peripapillary sclera as measured in seven human and three monkey glaucoma eyes, but collagen fibril diameter distribution was not different from controls. The orientation and response of connective tissue molecules in sclera and ONH in glaucoma have been studied in monkeys with experimental glaucoma. 21 Substantial reorganization and new synthesis of collagens are seen in the monkey glaucoma ONH, but not with simple optic atrophy, suggesting that they are IOP mediated. 32 We have measured the orientation of fibrillar elements in human normal and glaucoma eyes using wide-angle x-ray scattering. 69 ONH and peripapillary scleral elastin differs in individuals of African and European descent, perhaps representing a risk factor for higher OAG prevalence in individuals of African descent. 70 Mutations in the lysyl oxidase-like protein 1 (LOXL1) gene are associated with exfoliation glaucoma, 71 providing impetus to study the connective tissue molecules that may be altered in this syndrome. 72,73 Further research is needed into the microstructure of scleral connective tissues.
It will be useful to measure the biomechanical behavior of human eyes in vivo, both to monitor the baseline state of the eye as a risk factor for future development of glaucoma and to assess progression of disease. Some methods to assess corneal biomechanics have been recently developed 14,74,75 that could be applied to these questions. Of even greater relevance would be methods to measure scleral compliance in vivo.
The present research should be assessed in light of several weaknesses. The mouse model of glaucoma utilized here, while having similarities to the human disease, is short term compared with the chronicity of human glaucoma. Studies of the behavior of eyes ex vivo may not duplicate precisely the behavior in life. A key assumption of the strain calculation is that points on the scleral edge deform within a plane. Significant local twisting or rotation can occur with uneven gluing and in the presence of material anisotropy characterized by preferential collagen alignment in orientations other than the circumferential and meridional directions. Wide angle x-ray scattering (WAXS) measurements of the human posterior sclera 53 show that the degree of collagen alignment is the strongest in the peripapillarly sclera and occurs along the circumferential orientation. The degree of collagen alignment decays rapidly away from the peripapillary region. Our preliminary transmission electron microscopy measurements of collagen orientation show similar results for the mouse posterior sclera. It is likely that the out-of-plane displacements caused by local twisting or rotation are small. The scleral thickness and specimen surface are nonuniform. The latter is because it is nearly impossible to uniformly remove the extraocular tissues from the surface of the small mouse sclera. This results in a unique natural speckle pattern for the scleral edge. Large local rotation or twisting would have changed significantly the local speckle pattern of the scleral edge and caused the DIC algorithm to lose correlation. Our method for modeling mouse eye inflation behavior would benefit from a fully three-dimensional view of the sclera to provide more comprehensive regional data for strains and stresses. We are presently developing a method by which to do this. Furthermore, there can never be a perfect model of connective tissue behavior and that used here may not ideally approximate the true state of the tissues. We are engaged in detailed study of the ultrastructure and proteomic content of sclera to extend the features of the model. Finally, differences between types of mice may be related to features other than or in addition to the biomechanical behavior of sclera.
In summary, we identified differences between CD1 and B6 mice in the baseline anatomy and inflation behavior of their sclera and in scleral response to chronic IOP elevation. These differences between mouse types may underlie the differential susceptibility to RGC death from experimental glaucoma in the two types of mice. With further detailed study of the molecular bases of these differences, it is feasible that therapeutic approaches to decreasing neuronal loss in glaucoma can be developed.
Hogan MJ Alvarado JA Weddell JE. Histology of the Human Eye . Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Co.; 1971: 193–200.
Supported in part by PHS research Grants EY 02120 and EY 01765 (HAQ and Wilmer Institute Core grant), by the research grant G2010042 from the American Health Assistance Foundation (TDN), and by unrestricted support from Saranne and Livingston Kosberg and from William T. Forrester. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper. | 2019-04-24T15:08:49Z | https://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2165995 |
Insurgent DVD Release August 4th!
I hope you saw my post a few weeks ago about how I was a bit frustrated with all the changes between the Insurgent book and the Insurgent movie. My favorite book of the trilogy and I felt it was ripped apart and glued back together in a weird order. Not my happiest post.
Well, someone reads my blog and I was contacted by a press agency who asked me to share a clip to celebrate the release of Insurgent on DVD and after checking it out, I realized it was all legitimate. And the clip was great. It focuses on Veronica Roth talking about the changes she had to concede to while adapting the book.
You can watch the video at this link. It got me thinking about my writing. It would be hard to let go of some things to compact it into a 2-hour movie. I think it’s awesome she was so involved in the process. It’s obvious she had to give in at some points and you can tell from the clip she’s not overly excited about it. But she was professional and stuck to her message and I have to commend her for that.
I had some serious emotional investment in this book. My husband admonished me about it a few times because I’d come in from my car crying because I had childhood flashbacks to midnight book releases and listening to Harry and the Potters. So this might be a biased review, but it’s my review and it’s one from a self-proclaimed Potterhead. You have been warned.
During the brief span of just one decade, hundreds of millions of perfectly ordinary people made history: they became the only ones who would remember what it was like when the Harry Potter saga was still unfinished. What is was like to seek out friends, families, online forums, fan fiction, and podcasts to get a fix between novels. When the potential death of a character was a hotter bet than the World Series. When the unfolding story of a boy wizard changed the way books are read for all time.
And a webmistress of the Leaky Cauldron, one of the most popular Harry Potter sites on the Internet, Melissa Anelli had a front row seat to it all. Whether it was helping Scholastic stop leaks and track down counterfeiters, hosting live PotterCasts at bookstores across the country, touring with the wizard rock band Harry and the Potters, or traveling to Edinburgh to interview J.K. Rowling personally, Melissa was at the center of the Harry Potter tornado, and nothing about her life would ever be the same.
The Harry Potter books are a triumph of the imagination that did far more than break sales records for all time. They restored the world’s sense of wonder and took on a magical life of their own. Now the series has ended, but the story is not over. With remembrances from J.K. Rowling’s editors, agents, publicists, fans and Rowling herself, Melissa Anelli takes us on a personal journey through every aspect of the Harry Potter phenomenon–from his very first spell to his lasting impact on the way we live the dream.
I am so proud to be part of the Potter generation and to have learned my moral lessons from Harry, Ron, and Hermione. I was someone who stayed up late reading when a book came out and went to get it at midnight or at least 6 AM the next morning (when it went on sale at Meijer and my mom was awake). So I had a lot of similar reactions to the ones Melissa shared. Yes, she’s almost a decade older than me so her experiences are going to be a bit different, but I remember the logistics of getting book seven and wanting to shut out EVERYONE until I had read it. It brought back memories, really good memories, and I related to Melissa’s story as well as the facts about the book.
Melissa did a good job of recreating the people she met through Potter. I thought she kept the number of people involved to a good number. I could remember all of them when they showed up again. I loved her interactions with Jo. Those were really special to me as a fan and writer. She always seemed to down to earth yet Melissa was freaking out as much as I would be. I always wondered what you had to do to meet Jo Rowling and I guess the answer is run the biggest fan site for her books.
I started reading Potter when the third book came out, a bit before Melissa. Granted, I was in elementary school, not college when I started. I got the first three books for Christmas from my parents and they’re still in the box set I got them in. Like her, I was a bit skeptical at first, but I got sucked in by book two. It’s hard not to. I liked that she was an adult fan of a YA series because Potter made it OK to be a fan of YA books past age 17 and Melissa represented this well. I liked that she wasn’t ‘into it before everyone else was’ because those people are annoying. She was genuine and excited and I related to her.
I loved the section about Wizard Rock. I remember the first time I heard Save Ginny Weasley (truth: I turned it on just now) and I still know all the lyrics to the chorus. It was such a happy and upbeat section of the book that had me (yes) crying in my car from nostalgia. So much fun.
There wasn’t a part of the book I particularly disliked, but I will say the beginning had me skeptical. I was afraid it would be too much of a memoir and not enough of a historical account of the book. I thought Anelli did a good job of striking a balance between the two, but the beginning could have dealt with a little more fact.
My audiobook was narrated by Renee Raudman. I thought she did a good job with the story, which was a bit flat. There wasn’t a lot of time for her to explore a lot of characters or high-stress situations so it wasn’t much to work with.
Fans can get a bad rep. I’m a Potterhead and former fanfiction writer and I try to not hide that. I’m not ashamed to say I’m passionate about something the way Melissa is. There has been an acceptance of Fan Culture in the last few years that I’ve really appreciated. Fans are not just the people in CosPlay at Comic-Con (though a lot of them are there) but also everyday people who have other hobbies as well but enjoy a good story. I felt Anneli’s story addressed that well.
Writer’s Takeaway: Melissa Anelli has a passion. And she wrote about it. I love that. I love when I can feel an author’s passion in the pages and hear it in the words and Anelli did that. It’s not one long scream like you might get from some fangirls when asked about their favorite ship or the time they met Dan Radcliffe. She was put together and well spoken and every bit the reporter she was educated to be. Her passion shone.
Great book for a Potterhead to read between re-reads. Four out of Five stars.
I was a little underwhelmed with the first book in this series, Miss Peregrine’s Home for Peculiar Children, which I reviewed last year. But the book left off on such a cliffhanger that I decided I would eventually continue the series. Obviously I was in no rush. My husband and I had a nine-hour drive on our camping vacation so we decided to knock this one out. I’m left with much the same feeling.
This lackluster summary is appropriate for this book, which has a serious case of ‘Second Book Syndrome.’ The first book introduced us to a ton of unusual characters and a cool underground world where the second one gave us a lot of throw-away characters and introduced too many new main characters. The idea of the first book being a story to string together the odd photographs was great, but the new pictures have entirely different people in them and seemed to necessitate adding another large number of characters to the second book. I didn’t find that necessary and it was a bit overwhelming. I was also highly disappointed in the ending. I thought it rendered the rest of the book pointless. I put the final one on my TBR, but at this point it feels like morbid curiosity than eagerness.
I found the relationship between Emma and Jacob really forced and disturbing. It diminished Emma as a character for me, which is unfortunate because she’s such a main presence in the book. For someone who seemed to be pining after Abe in the first book, she’s very quick to crush on the guy’s grandson. Plus, isn’t that creepy? I think it’s really creepy. The fact that it didn’t bother Jacob either got to me. He acted too much like a love-struck puppy for me and it seemed at odds with his authoritative leadership among the Peculiars. It was all too inconsistent for me.
Bronwyn became a very stand-out character for me in this book. I don’t remember her playing such a big role in the first novel, probably because she was too busy taking care of Victor. In this book, she takes care of everyone else. I thought it was a good development of her role.
I remember the rebellious feelings Jacob has. I remember how that felt when I was sixteen. I thought my parents were wrong about everything and were only trying to control me. But I realized they were right. I was better off staying away from dangerous people and being home rather than God-knows-where. If Jacob had just stayed put, would all of this have happened? Probably not. I understand why Jacob pushed against his parents, but I wish he’d take a little credit for what’s happened.
I liked the menagerie. I thought those characters, though only two talked, were well-developed and I saw a purpose to having gone there and learning what they did. I’m glad Addison came back in the end because I think he could be a really good character to have in the final book.
The ending ruined the whole book for me. I’m going to talk about it now so skip to the end if you haven’t read this and don’t want to know what happens. Finding out that the bird wasn’t Miss Peregrine all along makes their whole journey to save her pointless. Without it, they would be lost and vulnerable on an island. Now they’re lost and vulnerable in London and we have a lot of other characters involved. I feel like nothing important happened in the book. There wasn’t a lot of character development to justify a circular plot. It makes me want to give up on the series, but I need to know that something substantial happens in the final book at the same time. So conflicted.
The audiobook I listened to was narrated by Kirby Heyborne. He is not the same person who narrated the first book in the series and I noticed the difference as soon as we started it. Heyborne did a fine job, don’t get me wrong, but I think I prefer the previous narrator. Though I did enjoy the droll sarcasm of Jacob in Heyborne’s voice. I was getting a bit sick of the accents by the end because I was thinking that if I read the book, I wouldn’t have to deal with them. It was a bit cumbersome but helped keep the characters apart in my head.
The end of the book reminded me a lot of the end of Catching Fire in the Hunger Games series. There’s a war starting and even teenagers have to decide if they should stand and fight. In reality, it is teenagers who have to make this decision as young as eighteen (seventeen if you’re a wizard). Knowing what’s right and what’s worth fighting for is important and unfortunately for Jacob, it’s come down to life or death to push the issue for him.
Writer’s Takeaway: Characters, characters, and more characters! Way too many for me. I know Riggs likes using the vintage pictures to bring characters into his books, but I think it caused him to introduce too many. Not every picture needed to turn into a new peculiar in this world. It was overwhelming. I was given the general rule that if you can take a character out, to do it. Too many characters confuse the reader.
Not as engaging as the first but still well written. Two out of Five stars.
A few weeks back, my book club met to discuss The Bohemians by Ben Tarnoff. If you remember my review, I wasn’t a huge fan. I thought the book was too much of a textbook to be enjoyable as a casual read. Seems I wasn’t alone.
Most people in the group finished the book and most of us agreed it was too long and too much information so it read like an assigned textbook. We suspect that Twain’s name was in the title to help it sell. If Harte’s name or another’s were there, there wouldn’t have been the name recognition and we doubt it would have been as successful. We had one member who did enjoy it and she thinks it’s because she was born in Missouri and lived in California. She knew about Twain’s history with California and the Gold Rush. She was already two steps ahead of most of us.
The book did succeed in highlighting an interesting cultural change in literature during a big change in technology, specifically the transcontinental railroad. I would never have thought to associate the two. Those who traveled West before the railroad brought the Eastern culture with them and civilized the region. We were surprised at the number of magazines in San Francisco. The stories the Bohemians created were reflective of the new and exciting place they were living. They were living somewhere fun and would be damned if those Easterners were going to come ruin it for them. Though at the same time, they wanted Eastern approval and money.
The Bohemians were very hot and cold with each other. Sometimes they’re friends helping edit each other’s work and encouraging new ideas. And then sometimes it was fierce competition and ignoring those who had helped another rise. Specifically, the relationship between Harte and Twain. It reminded me of the movie Mean Girls.
Most of us didn’t know that Twain had such a struggle toward success or that he had become famous through lectures. We were especially surprised to find he became famous first in California. Most of us associate him with Missouri. It seemed ironic that the man who wrote The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn wanted to avoid the draft. But I guess principles hold out over adventures. We found Twain’s obsession with poverty a bit unnerving. It almost felt like he had a mood disorder because of his deep depressions and manic highs. He seemed to be living at the edge of bankruptcy and was either crippled by it or reveling in it. It seemed convenient that his wife came from so much money. During his good moods, Twain seemed like the man everyone wanted to be friends with. He was the life of the party and fun at the bar, weaving great stories. It was his nature to be a bit hodge-podge and lie and be messy. The amount of editing Harte had to do for his work is a bit representative of that. We wondered if there were first drafts available so we could see the amount of change in editing his work went through.
Those in our group who knew the most about Twain knew it because of a 2014 PBS documentary by Ken Burns. Here’s the link if you’re interested.
Harte’s drastic change in the end was really shocking. He was angry and mean when Twain started to become famous instead of being happy for his friend. When The Heathen Chinese made him famous overnight, he went from a diligent writer and editor to an unreliable alcoholic. He went solo and things went downhill from there. He couldn’t produce when it was for someone else. It was better doing it for himself and being a kingmaker than writing for another editor.
We didn’t speak about Coolbrith and Stoddard much. There wasn’t much to say about these two who disappeared into obscurity. We felt bad for Coolbrith because she seemed to be the only responsible one in the group. She was a very modern woman with the way she cared for her family and worked. Stoddard seemed like a lost soul, but we suspected he might have had ADHD which would have contributed to his inability to focus and stay in school.
Our overall comment was about how we felt those in the book threw caution to the wind much more readily than we would in 2015. We have bills and mortgages and families while these things didn’t seem to hold Twain and Harte back. Maybe this is a bunch of women (and a few men) talking because Coolbrith did seem to be held back by the things that plague us today. Though I have to admit I would love the freedom to pick up and move across the country. It would be very freeing.
Currently reading: Slow progress on Cloud Atlas by David Mitchell. I’m enjoying the story a lot more now that I’m back into it. The first section was rough to get through, but I’m starting to see the connections between characters and it’s getting interesting.
No progress with. I Am Malala by Malala Yousafzai. I lost the hold so this one might be a while.
Mockingjay by Suzanne Collins flying by. I’m into the part that will make up the Part II movie so it’s all new to me again. I love it.
The Invisible Bridge by Julie Orringer is going slowly, but it’s enjoyable. I’m on disk 6 of 22 so that’s progress, though granted not much.
I was able to start The Museum of Extraordinary Things by Alice Hoffman late last week. So far, so good though I’m going into this with negative connotations because I really disliked the last Hoffman book I read. Just trying to stay impartial.
Recently finished: I cried finishing Every Man for Himself by Beryl Bainbridge. I think my own Titanic knowledge made it worse because I knew which characters would live and die. Bainbridge did a great job of incorporating the well-known passengers, much the way the James Cameron movie did. I started watching the movie after finishing this. Still ongoing due to a bad TV.
Only one book review this week, Wuthering Bites by Sarah Gray which a lot of you said sounded interesting. Hope you like my review.
Reading Next: I should get A Widow for One Year by John Irving this week! I’ve been waiting on this one for a while so I’m looking forward to it. I’ll also be starting the audiobook of The Martian by Andy Weir. My husband and I are driving to New York and back for our annual trip so I hope this keeps us entertained while we go through Canada (fastest route between Detroit and Syracuse).
I’m honored to announce that last month I was nominated by Kay the Desert Bibliophile for the Blogger Recognition Award! It’s been a while since I received the award and I’m very humbled. Thank, Kay!
How my blog was born. I used to watch a lot of movies. I worked a job with weird hours and I was tired and alone a lot of the time. I decided to join a book club when I switched to my next job and had a more regular schedule. It was a reward for myself for having gotten the new job. I became addicted to book clubs and book discussions. I wanted to talk about all the books I was reading all the time, but there was no one person reading all the same books. So, I wanted to put my thoughts online and find one or two people who’d read each book. (That’s all of you.) I started using it to keep myself accountable for writing as well and it’s snowballed from there.
Blogging advice. Get a schedule. I’ve messed around with schedules for a while and found M-Th works for me. I stay accountable for three posts a week plus the WWW Wednesday meme and it keeps me up to date without being too much pressure. It’s a good balance. My second piece of advice would be to stop following blogs that make you mad. I’ve followed and unfollowed a lot of blogs in my past (almost) two years. If someone doesn’t like a book I do, oh well. But if someone’s insulting my intelligence or saying something I’m doing is dumb or their reviews are too much like summaries for me, UNFOLLOW. And I don’t feel bad about it.
Thank you all for blogging and I hope you continue.
So this is hard to review. Is this review for Sarah Gray’s novel or for Emily Bronte’s? This is my dilemma. This book was a gift from my husband who got it in a book exchange while he was still in college. A fun read to be sure and I’m certain I enjoyed it more than the un-super-natural original.
Gray reimagines Emily Bront’s classic tale of enduring love–but with a vampire twist.
Wow, what a long summary. Huh. I’ll say that I enjoyed the overall story and I’m not sure how much of it was the original piece and how much was added. I know Catherine senior probably wasn’t bitten by a vampire in the original, but I’m not sure if Nelly was really shut up in Wuthering Heights for days. Part of the enjoyment of this novel was ruined for me because I kept thinking about this. I remember thinking Heathcliff was overdramatic and Cathy was a pain in the rear. It almost makes more sense to think of them as vampires and hunters. It was fun if nothing else.
Most of my problem with this book, when I read it in high school, was that the characters were melodramatic and they made me mad. This time it didn’t seem to bother me so much. Catherine Junior still seemed spoiled rotten and bugged me some, but she had some moxie to her when it came to slaying that I appreciated this time around. I could deal with it. I liked that Nelly was telling this story and I thought her perspective on the story was a good spin. It was biased yet neutral at the same time, which is a good balance. She also seemed like the sanest of all the characters.
Hareton was my favorite character. He had such an abysmal life for a long time, but he let Catherine be a savior for him and pull him into a better place. I was happy for him at the end of the book and I’m glad things worked out alright for him. I rooted for him and it was nice to see him win.
One of my biggest problems with melodramatic gothic fiction is that I don’t relate to the characters. I don’t know anyone who’s a gypsy orphan with anger issues or someone who would marry their sickly cousin at the behest of their uncle. This is crazy stuff and trying to relate to it is like thinking your life is a soap opera. Maybe it’s similar for five minutes, but things get better. They don’t for Cathy and Heathcliff.
It’s a small thing, but the quotation marks bothered me. Sometimes, there were quotation marks to dictate there was a conversation going on between Nelly and Lockwood, but those would disappear and then sometimes there were quotes within quotes but not always and AHHH. It was too much for me and inconsistent. I tried not to let it distract me from the story, but it was hard.
Rather than talk about the themes of the book (because we’ve all probably written an essay on that), I want to talk about this trend: supernatural classics. The first I remember hearing about was Pride and Prejudice and Zombies. I never read it, but heard it was an almost word-for-word transcription with bits added here and there about zombies walking around. That made me think this would be similar, but the vampires seem to be well-integrated into the plot. The other instance I’ve heard of is Jane Slayer which is again vampires though I’m not sure of sparkley-ness. I’m not sure I like this trend. It got me to re-read a (pseudo)classic, but I have Sense and Sensibility on my shelf and would have rather spent my time there. It feels like cheap fan fiction with minimal creativity and a copyright violation. I know these books have to copyright anymore because of the publication date. Does that mean this is something we are going to see with books as they lose that protection? I hope not.
Writer’s Takeaway: While Gray’s work is entertaining, it lacked originality and that’s part of why it fell a bit flat for me. I wish there was something else she’d written that I could read but when I look on Goodreads, it seems her only other book is a vampire version of A Christmas Carole.
Entertaining but nothing outstanding to me. Three out of Five stars.
This book fulfilled the 1700s for my When Are You Reading? Challenge.
A few weeks ago, I had the pleasure of meeting author Brad Meltzer. He was in town doing a book tour for his latest title, The President’s Shadow. Meltzer’s first book in this series, The Inner Circle, had been chosen as the Everyone’s Reading title for our area. You can read my book review and book club reflections of that book.
Meltzer was a great speaker. I was really blown away. I didn’t really know what to expect from him, but I guess I should have reasoned that someone who hosts two television shows would be a good speaker. He has some very strong ties to Michigan, namely that he is a University of Michigan graduate and a very proud alumnus. Every year for his birthday, he teaches a class to pass on the knowledge he gained when he attended there. He told the story about picking UofM because he had a friend with an old ‘Michigan’ t-shirt that he loved and it got him to look into the school. His first book was about Michigan and while that one landed in the ‘reject’ pile, he works a Michigan reference into all of his books. In The Inner Circle, I think the President was a Michigander.
Brad was asked about what kind of books he likes to read. He said that he doesn’t read a lot of thrillers. Because he’s so involved in the structure of them in his own writing, he tends to figure out the red herrings and can guess at the ending before he’s supposed to and it ruins it for him. Instead, he reads a lot of Young Adult books and comics. I should add that in addition to thrillers, Meltzer is known for his children’s books and writes comic books. He said that Neil Gaiman is his favorite author.
Before I had to chance to, someone asked him about his writing process. He said that he handwrites his outline before he starts. I would think that as a thriller writer, you need to know the ending when you begin. Though Brad is the first thriller writer I’ve met so I can’t say this is a trend. Then he’ll outline 50-100 pages in more detail and write those chunks. This reminds me a bit of the Snowflake Method that I’ve visited in a few posts before. (If you’re interested, search my ‘Library Writers Group’ posts.) Being a UofM grad, a lot of his friends were able to come to the event. One in particular Meltzer recognized and made him stand. The man was a doctor. Whenever Meltzer is working on a murder scene or has a question about human anatomy or illness, he calls this friend. I think friends like this are an invaluable resource for writers!
After waiting in line over an hour to meet him, I got my two minutes with Meltzer. I asked him the question I ask all authors. “I want to be where you are. What advice would you give me to get there?” His answer: “Don’t stop.” I don’t plan on it, Mr. Meltzer. No time soon.
There are a few more pictures below. Enjoy! Meltzer’s current book tour is over, but you can vote on his site for your hometown to ask him to visit. Maybe he’ll stop in!
Currently reading: My hold on Cloud Atlas by David Mitchell came in! I hope to get some reading done on this one. I’ve had a lot more ebook time lately because I’m in physical therapy for runners knee and between waiting in the lobby to be called back and doing warm up on a recumbent bike, I get a few pages in each day.
Consequently, I’m letting my hold on I Am Malala by Malala Yousafzai expire for now. When I finish Atlas, I hope to pick this backup.
Mockingjay by Suzanne Collins is going well. I’m beyond the point of the first movie and this is the part I don’t remember too well. It’s getting excited. I’ve set aside my PT exercise time as Mockingjay time.
The Invisible Bridge by Julie Orringer is going slowly. As I feared, with my new commute, I don’t get as much audiobook time. I’m on the third CD of 22. I hope I can renew this one a few times!
I’m really enjoying Every Man for Himself by Beryl Bainbridge. I love the Titanic so the setting has me really excited. I forgot how much her writing style makes for a quick read and I’m plowing through it. Hope to have this one finished next week.
Recently finished: I cried while finishing Hotel at the Corner of Bitter and Sweet by Jamie Ford. The ending was a huge heartbreaker for me and I really loved it. Though I was reminded a bit of The Orphan Train with the ending and kind of saw it coming. Oh well, still a good story.
A couple of reviews for you to check out as well. The first is A Game of Thrones by George R.R. Martin. The long journey through the first book is finally over!
The second is Mr. Penumbra’s 24-Hour Book Store by Robin Sloan. This was my favorite book of June and I highly recommend it!
Reading Next: I should get my copy of A Widow for One Year by John Irving next week so that’s forthcoming. There are a few other possibilities, though. My next book club selections are Crossing to Safety by Wallace Stegner and The Museum of Extraordinary Things by Alice Hoffman. I might jump on those early if I get a chance so I’m not stopping midbook to read one of them later this month. You have to plan ahead as a bookworm! | 2019-04-22T08:00:15Z | https://samannelizabeth.wordpress.com/2015/07/ |
Running Power Cables – Cable management – My PC is a mess, please help!
https://www.beyourownit.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/be-your-own-it-logo.png 0 0 Be Your Own IT https://www.beyourownit.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/be-your-own-it-logo.png Be Your Own IT2015-08-31 08:00:002015-08-31 08:00:00Running Power Cables - Cable management - My PC is a mess, please help!
This MacBook Screen Replacement video is a quick edit version of the full video that is available in the Laptop Repair Course. This gives you a good idea of how to do the replacement.
The full video is about an hour long, and takes you through the process of replacing the screen step by step, with very clear directions.
Hello all and welcome to lesson two in our Learn Computer Repair Free Tutorial Series. So for those of you who have subscribed to our free mailers and free program, this will be your second lesson. For those of you who may be watching this video on YouTube or Vimeo or something else, make sure you shoot over to beyourownit.com and get signed up for a free computer training program so you could take advantage of even more bonus material beyond these simple programs and videos that we do.
There will be conference calls and concentrating seminars available to members. A variety of other things as we move on.
Lesson two is about RAM, why is it important, RAM or computer memory. It talks a little bit of different types of RAM, how much RAM you are going to need and when is it time to upgrade.
Because knowing about RAM and memory is typically something that people just ‑ it gets overlooked a lot when people buy computers and that’s kind of what this lesson is about is making sure that you get enough RAM in the computer that you buy or you have a reasonable expectation for how much RAM that you are going to need in your computer.
And it’s important to remember that as your needs change and your usage grows, and the programs that you used to differ or get more advanced. You’re going to need to upgrade RAM. A lot of times a slow computer is confused with a memory issue. I’m sorry, people think that a slow computer is a hard drive or their CPU is not fast enough when many times there’s (inaudible) computer that doesn’t have enough free memory.
If you are running like Windows XP, you should really aim for at least two gigs, that’s the optimal. And if it’s Vista, but you really want 4. I know that’s ‑ not everyone can afford it and if your computer didn’t come with it, you may be stuck. But it is what it is and that’s kind of our recommendations now, I’ve on XP earn my old laptop with one gig of memory and it was fine. Vista I’ve earn with two gigs and it’s fine.
So the two and four gig numbers that we recommend is only based on optimal performance. And I want to show you ‑ I’ll probably link in this lesson, probably at some point at the bottom. But a lot of people ask how to upgrade memory and how to find out what kind of RAM is in the computer.
I’ve always used Crucial, I don’t officially endorse them. I think there’s a lot of other good memory makers out there but I like their free shipping and free lifetime warranty. I’ve been using their RAM for the past 10 years probably, but regardless of where you choose the buyer RAM, I think they have a great tool that scan my system tool. And if you are on the computer that you are thinking about upgrading, they just scan your computer for free, tell you exactly what the optimal settings are or your maximum amount of memory that your computer can handle.
And I invite you as an exercise of this lesson just to go out here and check it out. So you know what the capacities of your computer are. And how far you can take it in the future. Because a lot of us start out with certain needs on our computers and we grow and we add, we upgrade operating systems from XP to Vista and now Windows seven would be out.
There’s a variety of things, we start using programs we never used before. So we learn something like in Photoshop or some web design program or we start using something simple as Movie Maker. Whatever the case may be. As our usage increases or as we learn more about our computers right? We’re going to want to do more of them.
So RAM that typically gets overlooked and it’s important to keep in mind that at least you are looking something that’s relatively mainstream. So DDR right now at the time of this video is pretty popular. But if it’s mainstream, what’s very typical is it’s extremely affordable.
2 gigabytes stick here for 25 dollars. I mean, RAM has gotten so inexpensive that you can pretty much max out whatever system you are on very afford‑ably and you can never really have too much RAM. This picture shows RAM over the ages in it’s youngest form. DDO and ST and then eventually DDR memory. And laptop memory is actually pictured a little bit lower.
The thing about laptops with RAM, make sure before you buy any laptop, how far you can expand a RAM. Because that’s really the only thing that you can change in a laptop. And as you grow, the RAM is typically the only thing that you can upgrade. If you buy a computer and you can only upgrade or you may not even be able to upgrade RAM at all.
That might not be the best purchase right because as you grow, you start using more software and more applications. You wont be able to increase the capacity of the computer. The last laptop I bought now I think it came with four gigs and it’s upgradeable to 8. I believe six or 8. I’ll definitely upgrade it at some point even though I am not using it just because it’s so cheap.
We use memory anytime we run programs, it’s what the computer uses to run a lot of programs. So the more windows you have open or the more programs you are running, the more RAM that you are going to need. So, I hope this lesson was helpful and we provided some good examples, make sure you read through here. And as always you can submit your questions to support at beyourownit.com.
We are happy to answer any RAM or memory related questions and we look forward to seeing you in the next lesson. And remember as always you can always make request for lessons to it, [email protected] So thanks and have a great day.
Hello all and welcome to the first lesson of your beyourownit computer training program. I’m really excited. Today’s a great day for us. We got a new website for outlining this brand new training program and we are going to tell you a little bit in each lesson and remember that we do take requests. So email us at [email protected] and we will try to custom make a lesson just for you. We want to make sure that we answer everybody’s questions. It doesn’t matter if we have 10,000 questions that come in, that’s great! We love to help people.
So kind of as your quote and quote teacher or professor perhaps, I just want to give you extra knowledge about this first lesson. We talk about the computer basics, what they are and the important things.
Basically, that comes to processor, memory or RAM and hard drive. So there’s a lot of things that I could tell you general specs about what they do. A processor, that’s kind of the brains of the computer. It’s often times confused ‑ people think, “Oh I have a slow computer so I need to upgrade my processor.” And often times isn’t the processor, so I want you to get familiar with that.
Inside your computer, this picture here is a picture of what is similar to what your processor is going to look like, only much smaller. But typically, always, it’s going to be under big aluminum cap or heat sink with a fan on top. So that’s how you are able to locate that.
If you go on here to memory, most RAM or memory looks like this at where it’s interchangeable. Quietly RAM is one of the most important parts of your computer. Often times people don’t buy enough to make sure that they are meeting their needs nor do they upgrade it as they grow.
So they get enough RAM when they buy their computer but as time goes on, they don’t expand the RAM but they run more programs, they started doing more than they ever did before of their computer. So it’s important to understand a little more about this.
Hard drive is another thing that people sometimes get caught up with on the wrong numbers. So it’s important to remember that there’s also performance aspect of hard drives. Obviously we all know size and how many gigabytes your hard drive is. But it’s important to remember to that they platter on the inside.
Most hard drive have an RPM too so some are 5400 RPM which is still very typical. 7200 RPM which is generally better. And some are 10000 or more RPM. The more RPM’s you get, the higher performance your drive is. Often times it’s a trade off where you are going to have more RPM’s but less available hard drives or hard drive space. So you are going to make that decision personally.
Performance over quantity because you can really buy a high performance hard drive for your operating system. And then we all know we can buy hard drives extremely cheap right? So you can buy a terabyte hard drive and not really care how it performs and use that to store your mp3’s, photos, whatever you want and run your operating system or major programs off of your highly performing hard drive.
That’s something that you want to get in to as you start building your computers and when you are out looking for computers but there’s some interesting facts in this lesson I think and I wanted to add some value with this video. I also want to let your know two things. One, I’m not really assigning quote and quote homework but if you feel comfortable, you should open your computer and try to identify these parts inside.
You can always email me again at [email protected] with any questions you have with this lesson. We will be happy to answer them. And any questions about your hard drive or about what they might look like or how to know when the hard drive is dying often typically there’s a knocking noise or grinding.
Most people notice a general loudness with their computer when their memory is going typically you have a lot of ‑ sometimes people think it’s a spyware issue or virus issue, but most of memory problems manifest themselves in random computer lock‑ups, not so much in the performance degradation type scenario. Use your computer lock‑up and that goes same with the CPU.
If you are watching this video and you are interested in getting in to our free computer training program, make sure that you shoot over on beyourownit.com, sign up for the training program. It is completely free. And we will keep you in the loop, again we’ll do custom videos and custom projects. And we will work together to achieve everyone’s goals.
This program is for people of variety of different skill levels. So I’d like to welcome you all to the program and I look forward to growing our class bigger and bigger and helping more people each day. So thanks for your time and don’t forget to submit your questions or requests.
Thanks, and welcome to our fifth video on our website design. This is our fifth topic. Our first video was on setting what your URL would be, and some tips and tricks on how to get the most traffic from that. The second one was about how to set up webhosting and get your website up and running. Then, we showed you how to install a Drupal, which is a content management system, which is basically a template free website that makes it very easy to edit.
On video five, we showed you some basic techniques on how to add pages, how to create menus, and manipulate how the site works. For this video, I thought I’d take a break from the technical, and talk about marketing your website. This is a free marketing video from BeyourownIT.com.
The first thing you’re going to want to do, especially if you’re a business, is harness the word of mouth. Your customers are going to need to know, so you’re going to need to tell them.
A common pitfall is I see in business’ websites is their customers don’t even know. They don’t print it on their business cards; they don’t print it on their work vehicles; they don’t list it on their letterhead, or bills. They need to do that. Anything that goes out in front of your customers’ face should have your website on it, especially advertising. This is a huge pitfall.
So many people spend so much money advertising in the paper. Why not advertise an online special where people could go to your website? You could save a ton of money on advertising. Just put it on your website and you’re going to be able to advertise for free.
The second thing in the marketing realm, at least of your website space, is search engine optimization. This is certainly a very deep topic. It’s far, far more than what you see on the slide. Some basic things you can do to make sure people find your website is to make sure that you know your website contains good keywords. Make sure to use the words that your customers are looking for. If you sell cowbells, make sure you talk about cowbells in your website.
Make sure your website is useful. Don’t just have one‑page then call it a virtual yellow pages ad. Make it do something for them. Offer some value or reason to be there, otherwise they’re just never going to come.
There are a lot of easy things that you can do to involve your customers with your website. That’s really key, training them to go to your website. Then you’ll be able to market to them for little or no cash.
Whether it’s having a monthly special on your website, now that you tell people [inaudible] in a newspaper ad, “Hey check out our monthly specials on our website located here.” Now maybe advertise that a couple of months, but then you’d go away from it. maybe on the third or fourth or fifth month, people will just know to check your website for your specials. Now you’ve saved all that advertising cash.
You’ll also want to list your website on local and national web directories. There’s City Directories; Chamber of Commerce’s; Directory.yahoo.com; Best of the Web; Business.com. Some of them do cost money, but it does have a lot of value.
Another thing you can do is pay for a little advertising. Of course, this is another huge topic, but I wanted to mention it. It’s basically when you’re searching Google, you’ll see those sponsored ads across the top and to the right.
This is great for businesses because you can geo‑target your city in particular. You only pay for clicks. You get instant results, so the second you do it, you start your ad set to be served up to your customers. You have complete control, so you can control exactly what the ad says, where geographically it’s served, what time it is, and then you can control where they go‑what page they go to your website.
You don’t just take them to the home page. If you’re advertising that you’re selling cowbells, take them to your product stage where you’re selling cowbells. So this is not just a local business thing, but it’s also an e‑Commerce thing. If you run an e‑Commerce site, or any other site that you want to utilize, and pay‑for‑click advertising, make sure that you take them to the page where they want to go.
If they’re looking for cowbells, don’t take them to your home page. Take them to your product page where they can find what they’re looking for. We’ll do some more presentations on pay‑per‑click advertising later, since the topic is so huge. It’s a little used resource for small businesses.
Another tip is be creative. Think outside the box, and create content that people will want to read. Don’t just put up cookie cutter content. If you’re a small business, don’t just write simple articles about maybe roofing or siding. Make sure you write specific articles about things that are going on in your business and industry, and especially locally.
If you can do this, you’ll get links, and you will get traffic. If you offer tools that people want to use‑‑payment calculators, all sorts of estimators. You can pay somebody to develop these for you, if you don’t have the skills yourself. It’s just another way that people will link to your site, people will want to use your site.
You just want to leverage all angles. Don’t take the shortcuts and be cookie cutter because you just won’t get the traffic.
One last tip here is maintaining your site. It’s an absolute must. I can’t tell you how many times I’ve looked at local businesses’ websites, or people’s websites, and it says, “Click here for July’s specials,” and it’s October. You need to make sure and keep it updated.
You can protect yourself on how you design your site. Just don’t have them then. If you feel like you’re not going to update it, then don’t put something up like that. Put due content up at a reasonable rate. It gives people a reason to come back.
What’s new in your business, what’s new in your world, what’s new in your industry. Keep people informed, and you’ll train them to come back.
The more you update that, the more people interested will come back. You can utilize this from a site about computer repair like I have, all the way down to Joe’s plumbing in some little town. Offer monthly specials or coupons that are only available on your website. Give them a reason. That’s kind of the theme. Give them a reason to come to your site, and it will work.
This is just a twenty thousand foot view at some of the things that you can do to market your website from Be Your Own IT, where we have PC support videos, computer repair articles, small business help, home user help, and free tech support. You can always email your questions to [email protected] We’d love to answer them.
Hey everyone, this is Will from BeYourOwnIT.com. With this, the second part of the command line video, I want to go through and show a couple more advanced things you can do with the command line. So return for command line here, which still looks like this from the previous video. Let’s go through first with “tasklist”. Now if this looks familiar, it’s because it’s the same thing as the Task Manager when you fire it up and hit “Processes”.
The difference being is the Task Manager is updating itself constantly, and this is actually like a screen shot of it. Now what you can also do is you can kill the processes from here just like you would with the Windows Task Manager itself.
In order to do that, you’re going to combine two command line protocols, which is what this symbol right here called the “pipe”. It’s shift and it’s the one between backspace and enter.
So you hit that and you hit “find chrome.exe”, and it will show you that there are three instances of chrome running. So if we go “taskkill chrome” ‑‑ Oops, “chrome.exe”. It looks like I got the syntax wrong. It’s actually something to be very aware of is that the command line is very unforgiving as far as syntax goes. OK, I got the correct syntax for it.
It is “taskkill /im chrome.exe /f”. And that has killed all the versions of Chrome that are currently running. You can do some other things, you can shut down remote computers, you can schedule defragments ‑‑ that’s using the “schtasks” command. It’s a little advanced for what we’re doing right now. But without really understanding how flags work, it’s not really worth going into.
Right now you can map a folder to a drive, actually. So let’s go to ‑‑ hit “dir” for directory ‑‑ and we see “Pictures” there. So if we take this, we do, “subst M:”, or whichever, that’s the drive letter. Users . . . Pictures.
OK, drive is already “SUBSTed” because I did this as a demo earlier for myself. But if we take that and we use let’s say “T”, and we’ll substitute another drive. These aren’t extra hard drives. What it’s actually doing is putting the contents of the “Pictures” folder inside these other drives.
And what that really makes simple is if you have backup software that does it on the drive level and you want it to get individual folders, you make a batch file with all folders that you want to use like this, and you put them in there like that. Then you can use your drive level backups and your disk imaging software and all sorts of other good things in order to backup the data in the way you want to.
There’s also the “systeminfo” command, which a lot of the programs that say that they know how to see what you’re using and what kind of hardware you’re using are actually using “sysinfo” and some other things. Most of those should look pretty familiar.
Other things that you can do with this are going to include ‑‑ you know how sometimes if you disconnect from a network share, it says you’ve still got people sharing files? You can do an “openfiles /query”.
It didn’t work on here, but if you go to “openfile/local on” ‑‑ You have to reboot the system. You can actually see these. It shows like who’s in your computer, what files they’re using, that sort of thing.
There are also a couple of other little functions that I guess I’ll get into here. If you go to ‑‑ actually, I’ll show you something pretty cool. If you do like a “cd” into the “Pictures” and you double ampersand, like with the dir command, it’ll do them both. It moved and then it gave me the directory of the “Pictures” itself.
What you can do here, you do a directory and in this case, it will be a “*.gif”, because those two files here are “.gifs”. So all folders or all files using the “.gif” suffix.
What that’s done is you see a “files.txt” here, and I’m going to show you another command that’s called “type”. What type does, it actually reads the data in a text file without being able to use it. It’s similar to the “cat” command in Linux.
Let’s go “type files.txt”. As we see here, these are the contents of “type files”. What files actually is, is that command that I ran, that one, wrote a file full of the paths of the files in the folder.
And that’s useful for things that . . . like let’s say you’re doing a backup, and what you want your backup to do is every time you do a file backup, you want it to give you the name of the file that it just backed up. So it has to do with the communication between the machine and the user.
This has been Will from BeYourOwnIT, and see you in the next video. | 2019-04-24T19:13:05Z | https://www.beyourownit.com/blog/page/3/ |
Actually when did the reliance of oracles start within Tibetan tradition? Is it a Gelug thing?
waimengwan wrote: Actually when did the reliance of oracles start within Tibetan tradition? Is it a Gelug thing?
Relying on an oracle is not an exclusive Gelug thing and in fact, it is not of central importance at all. However, the tradition of relying on an oracle probably developed since the time of Guru Rinpoche. However, I know very little of the deities that enter the oracles of Gaden and Sera monasteries. They are probably the Dharma Protector of the individual monasteries that would enter in the monastic oracles and if they are enlightened, the Oracles would consulted by the monasteries for advice on recognizing Tulku incarnations and making major monastic decisions.
The most important thing to know is that a completely enlightened being, a Buddha, can never manifest through an oracle. His Holiness the Dalai Lama has stated this at several teachings and it is also something I have confirmed with my teachers. The reason is that if enlightened beings started to manifest through oracles, it would create confusion about doctrine and the speech of the oracles would come to be seen as infallible.
Many problems and conflicts in Tibet can be traced back to this issue so it is very important to have a proper understanding of this, lest we be misled and put our ultimate faith in beings that are not suitable objects of refuge according to Buddhism.
It might be posted in another thread, but I have seen a documentary on this specifically.
I'll see if I can locate it. I am sure that it is on youtube.
As for any other "Oracle Traditions," I don't know, but I agree with JKhedrup's comments--Oracles are "mundane," and not objects of refuge, no matter who they may be.
JKhedrup wrote: The most important thing to know is that a completely enlightened being, a Buddha, can never manifest through an oracle. His Holiness the Dalai Lama has stated this at several teachings and it is also something I have confirmed with my teachers. The reason is that if enlightened beings started to manifest through oracles, it would create confusion about doctrine and the speech of the oracles would come to be seen as infallible.
I am sorry but I don't agree with what you said. When you say that, you put a limit on the powers and abilities on an enlightened being and you are saying they can make mistakes and create confusion. On contrary, enlightened beings have removed all causes towards making mistakes and they create clarity and wisdom with whatever they do instead. As a Vajrayana practitioner, we invite the Buddhas to enter a statue, thangka or image, why not an oracle. We invite the Buddhas everyday to inhabit our visualization, thangkas, statues etc when we recite the mantra Dza Hum Bam Ho in our sadhanas.
Gaden Shartse's Dharma Protector is Setrap and he is an emanation of Amitabha Buddha so he is enlightened. The Sangha of Gaden Shartse consults Setrap via an oracle for major decisions and also in recognizing Tulkus. In fact, the recognition papers of Tsem Rinpoche was signed and sealed as the authentic proclamation of Lord Setrap. Therefore, it is not just unenlightened Beings that enter oracles. On the other hand, I do not understand why did you say an enlightened Being manifesting through an oracle can cause confusion to the doctrine. Many of the problems that beset Tibet was not caused by enlightened beings manifesting through oracles, it is manifested through unenlightened being manifesting like Nechung. Hence, I wonder why the Dalai Lama still allow and consult Nechung. Nechung is not enlightened and many of his past proclamation has caused confusion and problems while there are other deities that are enlightened and recognized by High Lamas to be enlightened but are not consulted.
Steveyboy, please read my post carefully and don't misquote me- I never said enlightened beings can make mistakes create confusion- this would be ridiculous. I am saying the deities channeled by the oracles, though perhaps highly evolved, cannot be seen as enlightened beings and therefore their predictions are not perfect.
You should watch the video linked to above.
I did not know that Sertrap had an oracle, to be honest I was surprised to learn this.
Of course nothing here I say can to convince you, as you have faith in your teacher (which is commendable). But for me the final word lies with the opinions of teachers like HH Dalai Lama and HH Karmapa. It may be for some unseen reason helpful for members of your centre to view Sertrap in that way. But for others who may be interested in this topic I think it is worthwhile to respond to your qualm.
You may not agree but a view that the speech of oracles is enlightened speech and therefore stainless and perfect is extremely dangerous.
That is exactly the problem, when an oracle relied on starts to be seen to channel an enlightened deity. Then the speech of an oracle becomes infallible. Are you going to try to convince me that every prediction issued by the Sertrap oracle at Shartse has been perfect, because it is the speech of a Buddha. That every tulku confirmed by this oracle has been perfect?
If oracles could carry forth the doctrine by proclaiming the enlightened speech of Buddhas, why is this not mentioned in the Sutras, Tantras, Shastras or Sungbum of Je Rinpoche?
Are you telling me that if HHDL relied on an "enlightened oracle" like Sertrap the predictions would have been perfect and there would have been no problems? C'mon.
HHDL's view on this is supported by that of great masters such as the late Kyabje Trulshik Rinpoche, HH Karmapa, Lama Zopa Rinpoche, Rizong Rinpoche- the present Ganden Tripa, HH Sakya Trizin, HE Khalkha Jetsun Dhampa Rinpoche and many others.
If we continue along this line then Buddhism will become like the religion of the Brahma Kumaris- a religion that seeks the advice of channeled deities that become canonical teachings. A very dangerous road indeed.
What I said is completely in line with the views expressed by His Holiness the Dalai Lama on a number occasions.
The fact that oracles make mistakes is the exact reason HHDL does not proclaim oracle deities as enlightened. Nechung is not seen as an enlightened being therefore absolute faith is not put in his predictions. This is reasonable and sane. The same is true of the Tenma goddess that Khandro la channels- they are regarded as highly evolved beings but not enlightened Buddhas. They are in Paldhen Lhamo's retinue but not Paldhen Lhamo herself.
The status of Sertrap as an enlightened being is questioned by the vast majority of lamas to whom I have spoken at both colleges of Sera, and at Drepung Gomang, where I have teachers.
The status of Sertrap is a source of contention in the wider Buddhist community, and not even all Shartse lamas are on the same page about it. There was a huge debate about his status on e-sangha. I am not as well versed on these matters as Malcolm, who had read many Tibetan texts about this issue and was able to post them.
These types of protector deities, called gyalpos were once universally proclaimed to be seen as mundane beings. But as their importance in the community grew they came to be seen as enlightened beings taking mundane form.
At Sera Mey there is a protector with a gyalpo like form called Thaog. He is greatly respected and there is a liturgy for him but he is not regarded as an enlightened being. The same is true of a protector with similar form at Sera Jey known as Chamseng. There are a few very strong Sera Mey loyalists who say that maybe Thaog is a mundane aspect of a Buddha or Bodhisattva- but their view is regarded as extreme by the vast majority of the monks there.
The problems that resulted from these gyalpos being elevated in status can be seen today. If Lama Tzongkhapa never mentioned relying on this class of beings as suitable objects of refuge, why should we?
Last edited by JKhedrup on Tue Oct 16, 2012 12:25 pm, edited 1 time in total.
Nechung is not enlightened and many of his past proclamation has caused confusion and problems while there are other deities that are enlightened and recognized by High Lamas to be enlightened but are not consulted.
Deities that manifest through oracles? Example? And recognized by which High Lamas?
In the video posted above, from minutes 36- forward, you can hear what His Holiness' views are. Even if you do not agree you should familiarize yourself with what they are. In this way you can see what I'm saying is hardly controversial.
I just checked with Geshe Sonam now to confirm what I have relayed here is accurate. He said every lama he has heard teach on this topic has stated that fully enlightened Buddhas cannot manifest through oracles, and says that there is no precedent that they can in any of the canonical scriptures.
So it seems that the view of His Holiness, the lamas I mentioned, and myself stands on quite firm philosophical ground.
Last edited by JKhedrup on Tue Oct 16, 2012 1:07 pm, edited 1 time in total.
His Holiness view is not the be all and end all, If you remember your History correctly Venerable the 13th Dalai lama died due to the Nechung Oracles bad advise with medicines. In fact had HH followed Nechungs advise he would not be with us today.
Actual Enlightened beings like Setrap give faultless advise that is always helpful just because they can manifest through an oracle does not indicate their status of being, in Setraps case and a few others it indicates they are enlightened beings appearing in a worldly form the previous Trijang Rinpoche was explicitly clear that in the future people would become confused by this or develop harmful and wrong views with regards to the actual nature of certain beings.
Your condescending tone about me not remembering my history would be warranted if your own view of Tibetan history were tempered by a variety of sources instead of a few political sites on the internet.
Caz, you only wish that it was only His Holiness the Dalai Lama who stated this so that you can continue your campaign to malign him on the internet. You completely ignored the list of other lamas I provided with a similar view, and the fact that I checked this today with a Geshe Lharampa.
If you think that I am at risk of developing the same "wrong views" as HH Karmapa, HH DAlai Lama, HH Sakya Trizin, Trulshik Rinpoche and Lama Zopa Rinpoche I am not too worried.
Where is the scriptural precedent that Fully Enlightened Buddhas manifest through oracles??
What Sutra, Tantra or Indian Shastra?
Where did you get your information about the 13th Dalai Lama? Certainly doesn't seem to be from any widely available book or academic research.
"Very soon in this land (with a harmonious blend of religion and politics) deceptive acts may occur from without and within. At that time, if we do not dare to protect our territory, our spiritual personalities including the Victorious Father and Son (Dalai Lama and Panchen Lama) may be exterminated without trace, the property and authority of our Lakangs (residences of reincarnated lamas) and monks may be taken away. Moreover, our political system, developed by the Three Great Dharma Kings (Tri Songtsen Gampo, Tri Songdetsen and Tri Ralpachen) will vanish without anything remaining. The property of all people, high and low, will be seized and the people forced to become slaves. All living beings will have to endure endless days of suffering and will be stricken with fear. Such a time will come."
Furthermore, the 13th Dalai Lama went on to predict the invasion of Tibet and announced that he would die early, in order that his successor would be old enough to act as a leader for the Tibetan people at the time of this invasion. He died a few months later in Lhasa, in December 1933.
Last edited by JKhedrup on Tue Oct 16, 2012 1:28 pm, edited 2 times in total.
In fact had HH followed Nechungs advise he would not be with us today.
Ridiculous. I have spoken to many from that generation who say this is not the case- I lived in Sera and Dharamsala for many years and speak the language.
Your view of the truth is simply second hand slander from a website run by people who have been trying to destroy the reputation of HIs Holiness the Dalai Lama for last 10 years.
I actually think you do Tsem Tulku and his students a disservice by trying to use propaganda from these sources to defend one of his views. I don't think TR would be very happy about it at all.
For the purposes of discussion here at Dharma Wheel His Holiness' view (of certain contentious issues) is in fact the be all and end all. Please refer to section #4 of the Terms of Service.
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Waving the banner of any entity--whatever it is-- with a political agenda can only be a worldly activity. Even if Shakyamuni's name itself was bantered about in such a fashion--like a team mascot--he would became a worldly deity in the minds of those upholding him.
This is the ultimate waste of a precious human birth; pretending to be practicing Dharma when one is really just reinforcing a karmic habit of dualism. One's monastery, or group, or teacher becomes a source of pride, the most insidious of the five afflictive emotions.
To briefly summarize some of HHDL's and others points from the film regarding this manner.
making decisions is wrong. We as human beings must take responsibility for our own actions.
analyze the situation for ourselves, and then perhaps consult the oracle in addition to the aforementioned in the decision making process.
HHDL even makes a statement that, if I am correct, elevates our status as human beings to being above that of the oracle.
maybe 8th level. We cannot say categorically in every case, this or that.
There always seems to be some exception.
Paldhen Lhamo is classed by some as an 8th bhumi bodhisattva, though a few lamas say a Buddha. It is interesting that She does not manifest through oracles- only the lesser beings associated with her mandala, like the Tenmas do. I have heard some state that Nechung is on the bhumis, but not which one.
Still, there is no textual support in the accepted canon for fully enlightened Buddhas manifesting through oracles. I am surprised people cannot see the reasons for this- the problems such a phenomena would present are abundantly clear.
Last edited by JKhedrup on Tue Oct 16, 2012 6:49 pm, edited 1 time in total.
Oh I see the doctrinal problem, quite clearly.
And, I see the political dangers, as well.
Lots of room for delusion.
Tibetan history is quite thick sectarian warfare.
This is how the Rime movement was born.
I know that once Buddhas becomes a Buddha they do not just disappear just like that because their compassion was so great for all sentient beings which was the cause of them attaining a Buddha's form and attainments. So what do they do? Are they in the Western Paradise sipping pina colada? I would think due to their highly developed compassion they will manifest in whatever forms that will benefit beings, and one of the best forms they manifest in is as a human spiritual guide or teacher.
So if an enlightened being can project its consciousness into the red and white cells, then it is highly plausible and enlightened being can exist in a human oracle?
Even Nechung is become more enlightened by the day due to his service to HH the Dalai Lama.
To think none of the beings are supramundane that enters the oracles and all of Tibetan Buddhism in all sects rely on them is a bit disturbing. Why would buddhists or monks or high lamas some of them mahasattvas rely on mundane beings? It is like relying on something unreliable and it probably breaks the refuge commitments then the entire Gelug tradition for example is put into question.
His Holiness explains this in the video posted above.
They are not fully enlightened Buddhas, but some of them are beings with extra powers of insight or lower levels of realization.
They don't "rely" on these beings or oracles! The "consult" them as only PART of the decision making process.
If we could just ask a Buddha, through an oracle, every time a decision had to be made- all the decisions would be perfect. This would prevent suffering.
Such a way of making decisions would become a Buddhist practice.
The Buddhas would have wanted us to do this if it would work- so it would be mentioned in their teachings of the sutras or tantras.
If enlightened beings came through oracles, the great Nalanda Pandits would've mentioned it in their works, don't you think?
They are stated not to be suitable objects of refuge in many of the texts.
As I said, don't count on what I say. Look to the words of HH Dalai Lama, HH Karmapa, HH Sakya Trizin, HH Ganden Tripa Rizong Rinpoche and others. | 2019-04-19T00:50:07Z | https://dharmawheel.net/viewtopic.php?t=10391 |
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If you're someone that strongly believes in time as the best life investment then, the Rolex brand is absolutely the best choice. In this Rolex watch price in India review, we bring to you some of the amazing characteristics that you will find very useful in making the right decision.
Rolex watch price in India depends on material, bezel type, functions, dial shade, and size as the main parameters. You can choose from a vast range of Oyster steel, Oyster steel, and gold, pure gold, and platinum. Every material type has innumerable models with multiple design patterns.
If you are a man who believes in time as the best investment in life, the Rolex watch is the right choice. In this review of Rolex watch price in India, we introduce you to some of the striking characteristics that you will find highly useful in making the right choice.
Rolex watches in India are designed exclusively for the elite class of men with a passion for excelling in life. Rare craftsmanship, intricate design, luxurious materials, everlasting engravings, and eternal value for your time are some of the inbuilt characteristics of Rolex in India. If you take a look at the Rolex watches starting price in India, you will be surprised at how affordable they are, in spite of the expensive metal like gold being used to make them.
While searching for Rolex watches in India, you have to pay particular attention to the selection criteria. The condition is one of the most important among them. In this review of Rolex watch price India we have listed the best of New and UNWORN (meaning the same as New) watches only.
Check for caliber, case, bracelet, and the necessary information for every watch before making your selection. Caliber indicates three parameters of movement, power reserve, and some jewels. The Case properties include material, diameter, thickness, dial, numbers, and glass.
The bracelet information consists of material, color, lug width, and class. Basic information gives you details about the watch’s movement, the intended gender of the wearer, material, etc.
Rolex watch price in India within the new/unworn men’s collection varies for the various models. Let’s start our exploration with the Rolex Submariner.
The Rolex 116610LV is a divers’ watch made from strong Oyster steel case and bracelet. It has a water resistance to a depth of 1000 feet that allow you to explore the deep sea flora and fauna with high-pressure endurance at this depth. You can discover all these features in our Rolex watch price in India with images here.
Case: The monoblock middle case has a diameter of 40mm and winding crown. The design is simple and classical in appearance. The two prominently visible parts on the front case are the dial and bezel. The rear side of the case has screw down design. It gives a good grip over your wrist without the slightest slippery feeling. Besides water resistance, it has high endurance for heat, stress, and harsh climatic conditions.
Bracelet (Strap): Oyster steel bracelet is made from a series of three-piece links that is highly attractive, simple in design and firm in construction. Yet it is flexible, skin friendly, and allows maximum airflow through the links. Your wrist remains free from sweat and water droplet accumulation. Hence, the probability of skin irritation and allergic reactions is zero. The folding type of clasp keeps it firmly and comfortably grasped around your wrist wherever you go wearing it.
Bezel: Unidirectional ceramic bezel has 60-minute engraving in bright white color. The interior ring between the bezel and dial creates a visual perception of depth to the visual display. The platinum coating for the indicators enhances the aesthetic appearance considerably. In fact, it makes your watch visible to the onlookers from a long distance.
Knurling along the bezel edge gives good grip while rotating it. The key benefit of this structure is the precision in the rotation. You can turn it on by micron millimeters even while wearing the divers’ and climbers’ gloves.
Dial: Chromalight display and blue luminescence are the two key attractions of the Rolex 116610LV dial. Classical design of the time indicators with luminescence coated hands makes a date and time clearly visible. You may be diving, swimming, skiing, or trekking. The dial gives you clear display during bright daylight and darkness.
Movement: The Rolex 116610LV moves on a self-winding mechanical system that is perpetual in construction. The mechanism is precise, and the moving parts are correctly in alignment. If you compare the accuracy of the watch with the standard atomic clock, the precision of +/-2 seconds for a day is a rare feature for watches in this category.
The oscillator works on parachrom hairspring that has the features of highest precision and efficiency. It can keep working for many decades by maintaining the same level of standards as you see on the first day of wearing. The other notable feature of the watch is to retain its functional and aesthetic quality for decades.
Display: The dial design makes the display visually perceivable within the fraction of a second. The original Rolex watch price in India for this model is highly competitive when you compare it with those offered by online retail shops all over the world. Hence, you can certainly consider choosing the watch from the online India based portals to select and place your order.
The Rolex Daytona 116503 Oman New 2018 belongs to the princely category of watches that is suitable for the elite business class persons and classical model lovers. You will find the stainless steel white case material with 3-windows display of stopwatch timer for 12 hours, 30 minutes, and 60 seconds.
The stainless steel strap has a firm and flexible construction that lasts for many decades with the same level of efficiency and structural stability. It is highly resistant to scratch, breaking, and brittleness. The gentle and firm clasp onto your wrist binds it with high resistance to vibrations and shocks from your rapid arm and hand movements.
The sturdy stainless steel case with sapphire glass construction has a water resistance of 10ATM. Our Original Rolex watch price in India review will show you more of its specifications now.
Case: Rolex 116503 case material with 40mm diameter and optimum thickness is a real treat to watch. The first visual impact gives you the impression of an antique piece that you can wear like the wartime watches. Perfectly circular design with a high-density strap connecting lugs makes the Rolex 116503 strong in construction and resistance to elements.
Front of the case is mostly covered by the dial and the silvery white shining bezel. The rear has a thick steel plate that protects the entire mechanical system that drives your Rolex 116503.
Bracelet: Gold and stainless steel strap with three links are highly firm and flexible. It is light in weight and aesthetic in color and texture. The matching colors between the case and strap give an elite feeling of a corporate leader and entrepreneur.
Bezel: The Rolex 116503 bezel is genuinely breathtaking in design and Yellow gold material construction. The top texture of the bezel is a symbolic representation of your robustness, industriousness and the zeal for elite professional lifestyle. It has a Tachymeter for measuring your speed and acceleration factors while driving on rallies and everyday traffic-filled city roads.
Dial: The dial of Rolex 116503 is a fusion between classical design and ultra-modern mechanical construction. There are three distinct subwindows that are closely interlinked or enclosed within each other. The 12-hour window, 30-minute window, and the 60 seconds timer windows show time to the 1/8th precision of a second. The main window of the watch displays the time to the precision of one second.
Movement: At first, you may find it difficult to believe that such an advanced watch could still run on an automatic movement. The watch gives you the same precision of an atomic clock through its mechanism of frictionless moving parts. The precise combination of streamlined structure makes it accurate, fast and efficient to the maximum level.
The parts keep moving for many decades with 99.99% accuracy and efficiency. The precision of watch increases due to the embedded mechanical system. The watch precision is to a level of +/- 2 seconds for a single day after casing. It is the kind of precision that you may love to see on the class of watches like the Rolex Patrizzi.
Display: The Rolex 116503 gives you accurate time reading 24 hours a day for many decades due to the precision assembly of the internal parts and precise connectivity with the moving parts on the dial.
Buttons: The two extra buttons on either side of the crown stopper can work efficiently to control the functions of the three sub-windows. You can start, stop, and reset the functions at any time according to your specific requirements.
Tachymeter: The Tachymeter on the bezel shows you an accurate reading of speed and acceleration for driving and riding activities. It is highly effective and accurate for long distance rallies and races.
The Rolex 116660 is specially designed for your deep sea diving adventure with water resistance up to 3900 meters and high pressure of 2.98 metric tons. The case is equipped with a gas escape valve that can endure the variable ph values and saline conditions of water in that depth.
The automatic watch has a clear and bright display which allows you to see the time at the deep sea darkness which can be far higher than the night darkness on the surface.
Case: a robust stainless case with a diameter of 44mm and optimum thickness is made from marine grade engineering molding and forging technology. Every millimeter of the case is designed to endure dynamic water pressure in the deep sea. It is resistant to rusting, warping, and brittleness. You can also wear the watch while hiking, mountaineering, racing, and work in the cool comfort of your workplace.
The slim and robust steel lugs connect to a flexible and firm bracelet. The mainly visible parts on the case are the bezel and the dial. The sapphire crystal material on the case is built to withstand the excellent water pressure at a depth of 3900 meters. The transparent and anti-glare characteristics make time display clear and bright.
Bezel: Multi shaded steel bezel has finer engravings of 60-minute indicator which rotates in a unidirectional way. It is highly useful for measuring the depth of your diving when you are engaged in adventurous activities. The ring lock system provides added safety to the dial and the case interiors with absolute waterproof features. It also allows you to control the precise rotation of the bezel to microns with zero errors.
Dial: Rolex 116660 dial is extremely simple in design. It looks majestically elegant with its sea blue color combination that is bright at the dial top half and dark at the bottom half. It reminds you of the depth of seas you will explore wearing this tough watch. The stylish engravings of the time indicator with three regular time hands and a bright date indicator form the parts on the dial.
Bracelet: Firm and flexible steel bracelet is made from three-layer links that form great fitment around your wrist. Exterior finishing of the bracelet is highly soft and skin friendly. You can wear in deep seas, dry sands, and high mountains with the maximum comfort level. Tiny gaps between the links ensure draining of water while in seas. It allows free air circulation when on land to keep your wrist free from sweat, heat, and humidity.
Movement: Automatic movement of the Rolex 116660 is responsible for maximum energy conservation and accurate time display. The watch is compatible with the most advanced atomic clock systems to show zero error and zero lag display of time. The manufacturers have taken extreme care to ensure perfect perpetual mechanism of self-winding.
The half-moon shaped oscillator that keeps working relentlessly within the watch interiors is sensitive enough to capture the slightest movement of your wrist and arm. Then it transfers the energy into the mechanical system which in turn makes your Rolex 116660 keep running with no stopping.
The system has a sophisticated internal mechanism, but very simple external analog display. The efficiency of the movement mechanism is so high that it keeps working accurately within deep waters and high mountains with the same level of consistency.
Chronometer: Inbuilt chronometer of Rolex 116660 work efficiently to show the water depth to the most accurate level. The rotation of bezel will help you in finding the exact value.
Driven by the automatic movement technology and certified for superlative chronometer, the Rolex 116500LN is a combination of classical design and precision workmanship for accurate time display. The bright silvery white steel case and bracelet combine to give you a triple waterproof and water resistance system.
It is highly protective from rains and splashes water. Also, it is resistant to a depth of 300+ meters at high water pressure. The Rolex 116500LN has an accuracy of +/- 2 seconds per day after casing, which is the typical characteristic of almost all the Rolex automatic watches.
Case: Robust construction of Rolex 116500LN case makes it highly durable for many decades. The molding and forging of engineering grade steel make the perfectly round shaped case with large bezel and dial. The front end of the case is sealed to maximum airtightness with the firm bezel and strong sapphire crystal glass.
The surface finishing on the interior and exterior side of the glass with its granule construction makes it highly polished, glare-free, and immune to heat and moisture. In addition, it has a high resistance to harsh and changing climatic conditions. The case matches well with the default stainless steel bracelet. The lugs are constructed with precise screw and pin system for accommodating the two ends of the bracelet.
Bracelet: The firm and flexible bracelet are made from connecting the three-layer links in series. Every layer is connected with a solid and slim pin that is detachable. Hence, you can adjust the length to fit onto your wrist. The surface finishing makes it highly resistant to scratch and external impacts. It is also soft on your skin and free from every form of chemical that may be allergic. Hence, you can wear it for many decades with the same level of comfort and a firm grip as you experienced on the first day.
Bezel: Black ceramic bezel with engraved tachymeter shows you the distance covered in units per hour. You can evaluate the speed, acceleration, distance and time based on the readings of the 2nd digit accuracy.
Dial: Pure white dial with standard time display and three chronometer windows help you count the time to one-second accuracy and the timer events to 1/10th-second precision. The alignment of the three windows with the standard timer window gives you a clear display of the time and timer functions.
The timer indicators have a unique design for the minute and hour. The accuracy of the count is up to 1/5th of a second in that window. Hence, you will find the Rolex 116500LN to be highly useful for timing short and long-term (11H: 29m: 59s) athletics, cycling and motor racing events.
Movement: The automatic movement of the Rolex 116500LN is powered by the perpetual action of the self-winding system. It is certified by the Swiss Official Chronometer Testing Institute for its accuracy and extended efficiency. The balance wheel located within the watch mechanism works at 8 beats per second to balance the time and chronometer functions.
The performance level remains consistently same regardless of the external impact of atmospheric pressure, water depth and changing climatic conditions. The entire mechanism is controlled by the precision assembly of the moving and non-moving parts. You can compare the efficiency and accuracy of the system with the latest electronic watches.
Surprisingly it will be almost the same at the macro level, with a micro level tolerance of +/- 2 seconds for a period of 24 hours. However, you can rarely observe this tolerance due to its variation between + and – values, which finally balance the equation towards consistent accuracy.
Buttons: The twin buttons located on either side of the crown stopper can work efficiently to control the mechanism of chronometer functions. You can set the initial value, reset to zero, and stop the timer right at the nick of time. Smooth press actions enable frictionless functions.
Rolex Yacht-Master II is an elite designer class Rolex watch that has style, elegance, dignity, professionalism, precision, modernity, and classical features. The most prominently visible window on the watch after time is the countdown. You can use the bezel for controlling the function by setting the values.
You can know the remaining time of an event from the tenth minute to zero. The most exciting feature of the function is its compatibility to synchronize with the official timing of an event according to the referee’s timer.
Case: Design of Oyster case has a width of 44mm and optimum thickness. It has a characteristically unique design with the electric blue bezel, bright white dial, and silver white lugs. The case back has an elegantly simple design with a good wrist gripping surface. The entire case is designed for 10ATM water resistance.
The sealing of sapphire display glass with the bezel and the back case cover ensure 100% leak-proof protection for the expensive watch components. The case provides excellent wrist grip with resistance to shocks and vibrations during arm and wrist movement. The watchmakers have exclusively created the design of crown and the two control buttons for easy accessibility and usage.
Bracelet: The blend of rose gold and white steel for the three-layer links gives a distinct feeling of antiqueness. The most attractive part of the bracelet is its central link. The gentle rose gold color enhances the aesthetic appearance of the entire watch with a touch of class.
The bracelet is designed to provide entirely comfortable fitment with detachable pins on every link. The folding clasp is made from the combination of gold and steel to provide firm grip and touch of royal elegance.
Bezel: Yacht-Master II is exclusively created with the ring command bezel for the countdown program. It has a unique design which acts together with the inbuilt moving system to control countdown. You can set the initial value and operate it with only one hand. It is easy to synchronize your watch setting with that of the referee during athletics events.
Dial: Dial of Yacht-Master II is the most exclusively designed part for sophisticated aesthetics and efficient functionality. The pure white base makes it easy to read the indicator values and recognize the hand positions instantly.
There are two sub-windows to display the countdown in minutes and seconds. The seconds-window has its own hand, while the minutes-window works on an arrow indicator connected to the main minutes-hand. The arrangement of two sub-windows is made to correctly synchronize with the main time display window of the watch. You get a clear and bright display of all the windows in one glance.
Countdown: The primary functionality part from showing time is the countdown program. It works with the combination of the bezel, pusher buttons. Pressing the lower pushbutton on whistle blow sets a timer in sync with that of the referee‘s timer. You just have to press it gently once. Then you can press the upper push button to start the timer on your watch. You can use this feature for 10 minutes to the 1/10th-second accuracy.
Once the event finishes, you can press the upper pushbutton to stop. The system works on a mechanical memory which allows you to program the duration for specific events. By turning the bezel and operating the pushbuttons and the crown, you can easily customize the settings. This feature will be highly essential for sporting events and training programs.
Time setting: Your Yacht-Master II has the most accurate time setting feature that synchronizes with the atomic clock perfectly. The automatic self-winding system will start working once you wind it manually before using it for the first time.
It will also ensure the best waterproof protection. The partial manual winding of 25 turns is sufficient to turn on the self-winding function. Then your Yacht-Master II can go on working with maximum accuracy and efficiency for many decades.
Change of movement technology from automatic self-winding system to quartz-based system is the main feature of Rolex Cellini Danaos Lady watch. It has a typical design with a 25mm case diameter and slim thickness. The interface design is minimalist with white gold case and brown crocodile skin bracelet.
The large numerical system of time indicators with an hour and minute hands makes the dial part of the watch. Sleek and robust lugs connect the case to the bracelet with screw pin. The overall design of the watch is classic and luxurious.
Case: Acquiring the taste for elegance and elite class designer watch requires no royal inheritance. You can do so the moment Danaos Lady watch enters your life. The case design is one factor that creates an immense feeling of elegance. It is sleek, simple, and made from expensive white gold. It is sturdy, resilient, flawless, and slim. It has the maximum resistance to heat, humidity, water (30m depth), and extreme climatic conditions.
Bezel: 18K gold bezel design is simple, sophisticated, and reflective of the royal class you wear as your wrist jewelry. The bezel shape is also entirely different from the others you might have seen so far. It is dense at the corners and slim on the edges. The contour structure gives a feeling of extra depth to the dial part of the watch.
Dial: The Cellini Danaos has a bright white dial with huge numerical time indicators. The contrasting color of the hour and minute hands make the display clearly visible. The accuracy of time show is to one minute.
Bracelet: Brown crocodile skin bracelet has a bright crisscross texture with visible white stitches on either side. It looks highly elite in its exterior appearance. The construction of the bracelet makes it durable, soft, flexible and highly adaptable to your wrist. It has a firm and immovable clasp due to the deployment buckle system. You can adjust its length according to the exact size of your wrist.
Movement: Rolex Cellini Danaos Lady is powered by accurate Quartz movement technology. The moving balance wheel control is precise and adaptable to every climatic condition. It works with the same efficiency at a depth of 30 meters in water and a height of 1000 meters above the sea level.
The microchip circuit and the mechanical moving parts are aligned in perfect sync to provide precision movement to the display unit’s hour and minute hands. The power of the quartz crystal oscillator and its connectivity to the central shaft make the hands move with the highest level of consistency.
The entire construction is free from frictions in the moving parts. Hence, it functions without any loss or gains in the number of seconds in its long-term functionality. It makes the watch’s precision consistent.
The ring command bezel can rotate in two directions to operate the precision chronometer functions. The off-center disk can display the time in second-time-zone apart from the present time zone shown by the first watch time window. The date on the 3 O’ clock position is accompanied by the Month indicator window just above the 12 Roman numeral hour indicators.
The white gold bracelet and the case form the perfect matching for design, construction, connectivity, function, and aesthetic appeals. You will find the Rolex Sky-dweller 326939 to be highly practical as a professional watch for your elite class tastes and lifestyle.
Case: White Gold watch case has a diameter of 42mm and thickness of 14mm. It is strong and highly resistant to elements. Water resistance to a depth of 100 meters is good enough to wear the watch while swimming and playing water sports. The lightweight case is dense and strong enough to endure high pressure (atmospheric and water), heat, humidity, and climatic conditions.
The sapphire glass on the display unit is sealed with the rotating bezel. Similarly, the back case cover is sealed with the bezel’s bottom section and the outer ring. Both the bindings can provide the perfect leak-proof case with airtight condition within the case. Such a condition is highly useful for enhancing the performing efficiency of the watch. The case has sleek and strong lugs at the edges to connect firmly with the bracelet.
Bracelet: The bracelet is firm and highly flexible in its design and construction. It is made from tens of multilayer links that form a durable and robust structure. The individual screw pins on every link give you the option to adjust the bracelet length precisely according to your wrist size.
It fits it comfortably with its folding clasp. Hence, you can wear the watch in deep water, snowing altitude, heavy rains, and hot and humid climatic conditions. The bracelet will continue to work at its highest efficiency and consistency to protect the case from every kind of vibration that propagates through your wrist.
These forces could be arising from under water pressure, wrist movement, exposure to UV and climatic conditions, and unintentional, accidental impacts on other objects in your surroundings.
Bezel: Bidirectional rotation of the bezel enables the functions of subdial related to the perpetual chronometer. You can set the local time, reference time at the intended time zone, and the date and month functions.
Crown: If you wish to set the function by rotating the crown control in clockwise or anticlockwise directions. Sing it in combination with the bezel can set the local time, reference time, date and month.
Chronometer: The chronometer on the dial displays the relevant time zone’s settings while traveling. You also get the privilege of setting a reference time for another time zone to compare the differences while flying and traveling on sea or road. The most exciting aspect of time display on the chronometer. It happens through a fixed red inverted triangle and rotation of the time indicator ring. Hence you can instantly know the present time.
Local Time: The local time is shown on the standard time indicator, which is also the primary window on the dial. The indicators are in Roman numerals hours and minutes. The tiny lines between the Roman numerals are primarily for minutes and seconds to an accuracy of 1/10.
Movement: Rolex Sky-dweller 326939 works on automatic movement technology. It is powered by ROLEX CALIBRE 9001 and perpetual mechanism. The system is calibrated to show the most accurate time to an accuracy of +/- 2 seconds for 24 hours.
The tolerance of plus on a day and minus on the other balances the net time accuracy to a level of zero variance. The rotating disc at the center works independently of the primary time display mechanism.
Rose gold is a symbol of royal dignity, radiance, rarity, and romance. The Rolex Nautilus has all these characteristics with high resistance to water, heat, humidity, and changing climatic conditions. It runs on an automatic self-winding system that is accurate, efficient and consistent in performance.
Case: 18K rose gold case has a diameter of 40.5mm and thickness that is sufficient to house all the precious parts within it. It is resistant to water and elements to the best of Rolex standards. It is durable and maintains its impressive aesthetics for decades. You can call its construction to be ageless since it remains young and strong for what seems to be an eternity.
Dial: The original Rolex watch price in India you pay for Rolex Nautilus is worth its value in rose gold and the authentic automatic movement mechanism. The 11H: 29M: 59S chronometer is accurately controlled by the precision system of the automatic movement.
The independent functionality of time movement and chronometer movement makes the watch highly valuable for regular and sporting usage. The dial is simple in design, yet sophisticated in aesthetics. A combination of black; rose gold, white and luminescent coating makes the dial bright, brilliant, and blissful.
Bracelet: Rolex Nautilus bracelet is made from timeless rose gold with three layers of multiple links and an interlocking mechanism. The thin pins which connect the links remain almost invisible unless you take a closer look at the bracelet structure.
The pins are easy to disconnect and adjust the bracelet length. It has a firm clasp which is required to get a good grip on the case and the entire watch while you wear it. It is comfortable, safe and protected from vibrations of arm and wrist movement.
Movement: Automatic movement is an intrinsic part of Rolex luxury watches in India. If you see the entire Rolex watches price list in India, many of the models will have automatic movement mechanism. Rolex Nautilus also has similar features derived from the perpetual oscillating system that is located within its heart.
It goes on working consistently at maximum accuracy level for many decades. You can experience its efficiency by the standard time and chronometer functionality that happens simultaneously. The precision of standard time is to one second, and the chronometer is to 1/10 of a second.
Chronometer: Chronometer window has display options for11H: 29M: 59S. It is controlled by the crown stopper which can initiate, reset and stop the chronometer actions with to precision. It is highly useful for count up and timer related to athletic events and training programs.
Combination of corrosion resistant super stainless steel with a high polish, delicate maturing, superior reflection, and excellent visual appeals makes Bubble Back highly sought after model. Rolex watches for men’s price in India is worth an investment.
Luxury is an inseparable parameter of the Rolex Bubble Back that comes with a unique external appearance of an antique piece of watch. If you take a look at the Rolex watch price in India with images, the Bubble Back will be among the most prominently visible models.
Case: Simple and antique style case of Rolex Bubble Back is undoubtedly a collectors’ watch design. It is held in high regard due to the micron level sophistication I have incorporated. When you look at the case for the first time, the impression on your mind will be authentic, powerful, and long-lasting.
Initially, you may feel the watch is only good enough for the intellectuals and research scholars who spend much of the time behind books. Then you may think it’s good for those artists who spend much of their time on boards with brushes. You may even assume it’s good for the bankers with big spectacles and BMWs.
Soon you will realize that it’s made just for you because you have bigger expectations from life than what gets reflected in your eyes in the mirror. The case has a diameter of 34.5mm and optimum thickness to withstand the pressure from your wrist and the impact of external elements. Surface finishing of lugs is rather mild with a pinch of antiqueness being reflected all over.
However, you will soon realize the real value of this design and construction when you see the related original Rolex watch price in India and compare it with this model. It will show you how timeless and ageless it can be for the next many decades.
Bracelet: Pure leather bracelet is firm and flexible in construction. It is simply minimalist in design due to its plain finishing. The twin white threads piercing into the top skin near the lugs creates an imminent feel of hand stitching. The buckle is genuinely antique in design with a pin-and-hole system.
The number of holes on the other end of the bracelet is sufficient to adjust its length to your wrist size accurately. It has an excellent grip that is unshakable against vibrations from your wrist. You can go on hiking, running, climbing, and boating wearing your Rolex Bubble Back watch.
Bezel: Sleek and smart bezel has a classical appearance with its plain design.
Dial: Dial is extraordinarily antique in design and aesthetic in its outlook. Time indicators are uniquely created with a pointed front. Numeric indicators are at the 3’o clock, 6 o’ clock and 9 o’clock positions. The rustic design of the hour, minute and second hands enhance the impression of relics from the time machine of the bygone era.
Movement: Automatic movement powered by perpetual mechanism is highly accurate and consistent in functionality. The self-winding system can work without the need for a battery for decades.
The most impressive part of Rolex Bubble Back is its ability to work in extreme weather conditions with the same level of precision and efficiency. If you observe the time display carefully over an extended period, its tolerance limits of +/- 2 seconds per day get balanced evenly to show the most accurate time.
Display: Plexi-glass is the material with antiglare and clear display properties. It is resistant to scratch, moisture and accidental falls from your working desk. The luminescent coating on the hands makes it possible to view the time in darkness as well as in bright daylight when the sun rays hit the glass directly.
Rolex Cosmograph 116500LN is the new generation high-tech watch with chronometers and tachymeter features. It is also the fusion of classical and modernist designs that combine to produce the best effects of a technically superior watch. It works on automatic mode on the basis of perpetual motion technology.
You can experience its vast range of supportive functions for the countdown, count up and speed measurements for athletics and motor rallying events. If you happen to be a trainer, it is the best asset you can have for monitoring your trainee’s speed acceleration and momentum.
Case: The Rolex Cosmograph 116500LN case is robust in design and solid in construction. It is highly resistant to water, moisture, sweat, and heat. It has an inbuilt construction mechanism for protection from elements.
You can wear this watch for decades without a single grain of scratch or aging sign on it. The case has two push buttons on the case in the crown area. You can use them to set the chronometer functions accurately. They are extremely easy to operate and offer multiple functions.
Bezel: Unidirectional bezel has engravings of Tachymeter for measuring speed, distance, time and acceleration while driving and riding. You can use its features while participating in rallies and long distance races. Royal black color is the principal attraction of the bezel with bright white numerals.
Dial: Closely attached to the bezel is the deep dark black dial. It has depth from the bezel layer which distinguishingly marks its appearance. There are three sub-windows for chronometer functions measured in hours, minutes, and seconds. 11H: 29M: 59S duration for the chronometer function is highly efficient. Accuracy is to the level of 1/10 second.
You can easily control the operations with the help of twin push buttons. The standard time display of the watch has indicators coated with luminescence. Even the hands are coated with a tumescent material to make a bright display possible in darkness.
Movement: Automatic movement is enabled by the genuine mechanism of perpetual forces. It the watch works on the combination of finely tuned spring(s), micron level accurate moving parts, frictionless construction, highly efficient design, and functionally perfect assembly. The placement of every part is in sync with the last part that may not be directly in its contact.
Hence, the precision function of the watch is durable for many decades with a tolerance of +/- two seconds per day. Eventually, this factor also gets canceled due to the balancing between the plus and minus side.
Case: The pure yellow gold case has a diameter of 40mm and winding crown. The design pattern of the GMT-Master II is highly sophisticated and majestic. The case back is designed for secure grip on your wrist. It is highly resistant to splash water, along with inbuilt protection features from heat, stress, and varying climatic conditions.
Bracelet (Strap): Pure yellow gold bracelet constructed with three distinct layers of connecting links that are highly secure, strong and flexible. The bracelet itself is profoundly simple in design. Still, it is flexible, skin friendly, and allows maximum airflow through the links.
Protection of your wrist from sweat and humidity is the critical function of the bracelet design. So, your skin remains free of any kind of irritation and allergic reactions. The folding clasp keeps it firmly and comfortably grasped around your wrist wherever you go wearing it.
Bezel: Yellow gold bezel has 24-hour global clock engraving in yellow color. The interior ring between the GMT-Master II bezel and dial creates a unique feeling of depth to the visual display. The luminescent material coating on time the indicators and hands show the time display even in darkness.
Knurling along the bezel edge gives good grip while rotating it. The key benefit of this structure is the accuracy of the rotation. You can turn it on by micron millimeters.
Dial: Bright Luminescence is the main feature of the GMT-Master II dial. The bright green color you may use the watch while running, walking, driving and going on long distance boating. The dial gives you clear display during bright daylight and darkness.
Movement: The Rolex GMT-Master II moves on a self-winding mechanical system that is perpetual in design and builds. The construction of the precision watchmaking technology has been adopted within the moving parts. Perfect alignment between the various moving parts ensures zero friction between them.
Hence, you the system deliver unparalleled accuracy in time and date, for the local time as well as the 24-hour global time zone. The precision design of the standard atomic clock is implemented into the Rolex GMT-Master II with a tolerance of +/-2 seconds for 24 hours.
Oscillator: The Rolex GMT-Master II has an inbuilt oscillator which is made from the best automatic technology works from the mechanical watches era. It is based on asynchronously designed and constructed parachrom hairspring.
The spring has inbuilt features of highest precision and efficiency. It has the capacity to work precisely and consistently for many years with the same level of Rolex standards. It will be as precise as the functionality benefits that you experience on the first day of wearing.
Display: The dial design makes the display of Rolex GMT-Master II visible from a long distance. The precision of the system is to the second. The original Rolex watch price in India for this model is highly competitive due to its affordable range.
The Rolex Daytona Champagne is a watch from the truly elite class. It reflects your strong personality, unshakable values, commitment to professionalism, passion for fashion, and a deep sense of self-identity. The yellow gold case material has a display of chronometer timer which has three unique windows.
They can be sued to display the countdown, count up and timer for 11 hours, 29 minutes, and 59 seconds. The yellow gold bracelet has a simple design with strong construction to the core. The durability of the bracelet and the case is ensured for decades. The duo can work at the best efficiency that ensures structural stability.
Case: Rolex Daytona Champagne case material with large visible diameter and optimum thickness is made from the classical yellow gold with high resistance to water and weather elements. The first impression you get from the design is that of royal time keeping a clock that you can wear as a priceless piece of jewellery.
The design is perfectly circular in shape. The best quality yellow gold material is used on the bracelet that connects to the lugs on the case. Front case of Rolex Daytona Champagne is mostly covered by the dial and the yellow gold bezel. The rear has a thick yellow gold plate that protects the entire mechanical system that drives your Rolex Daytona Champagne.
Bracelet: yellow gold bracelet with three links is highly firm and flexible. It is highly lightweight in construction. The authentic yellow gold colour is very bright and distinctly visible from a distance. The matching colours between the case and bracelet make the Rolex Daytona Champagne best suited for your official and personal usages.
Bezel: The Rolex Daytona Champagne bezel is highly classical design with Yellow gold material construction. The tachymeter engraving on the bezel makes it suitable for measuring speed, acceleration, and time while driving a car. You can use this feature of the bezel for long distance car rallies and races.
Dial: The dial of Rolex Daytona Champagne has a simple and sophisticated design with strong and slim material. The three chronometer windows that are closely interlinked or enclosed within each other. The 12-hour window, 30-minute window, and the 60 seconds timer windows show time to the 1/10th precision of a second. The main window shows the time to an accuracy of one second.
Movement: Rolex Daytona Champagne is a technically advanced watch that runs on automatic movement mechanism. The functional system that works on time and chronometer can be compared to that of an atomic clock or its 100% precision. The mechanism is highly frictionless in construction for its moving parts.
The accuracy of the system originates from the flawless design and accurate construction. The system is also very fast and efficient. Every moving part in the watch works to a precision 100%. The precision of the watch is enhanced by the advanced automatic system. The watch precision with +/- 2 seconds tolerance is after casing.
Display: The Rolex Daytona Champagne gives you accurate time reading 24 hours a day for many decades due to the precision assembly of the internal parts and accurate connectivity with the moving parts on the dial.
Buttons: The twin buttons around the crown stopper is built to last for decades with the highest level of precision and efficiently. They can efficiently control and manage the three chronometer windows. You can start, stop, and reset the functions at any time according to your specific requirements.
The Rolex Submariner Hulk is built with the high water resistance property to a depth of 100 meters. The case is constructed for the mariner activities on the high seas. As you can experience, the salt content in the air and water is unquestionably higher than the average levels on land.
The resistance of the watch makes it last long in the varying ph values and saline conditions of water. The automatic watch has a bright green dial which allows you to see the time in the water.
Case: a strong stainless case with a large visible diameter of an optimum thickness is made from marine grade engineering steel. The solidly built case is designed to endure dynamic water pressure of the sea and the changing atmospheric pressure.
It is resistant to rusting, warping, and brittleness. You can also wear the watch while working in the toughest working conditions on and off the field. The watch is strongly preferred by those who work in the heat of oil well, the height of cold, rain forest conditions and the other variable climatic conditions. The steel lugs connect to a firm bracelet. The sapphire crystal material on the Rolex Submariner Hulk case is built to endure tough conditions.
Bezel: Rolex Submariner Hulk has a great bezel with engravings of 60-minute indicators. The bezel rotates unidirectional way to display the depth of diving and swimming. It is highly useful for measuring the intensity of your diving and swimming. The ring lock system of the Rolex Submariner Hulk provides extra safety and security to the dial and the case interiors with absolute waterproof features.
Dial: Rolex Submariner Hulk dial is simple and sophisticated in design and construction. The brightness at the dial top half and visibly dark color at the bottom half represents the great design features.
Bracelet: The Rolex Submariner Hulk bracelet is made from steel with three-layer links that form great fitment around your wrist. You can wear in while swimming, diving, skiing, and while being engaged in the other marine activities. Tiny gaps between the links ensure free air circulation when on land to keep your wrist free from sweat, heat, and humidity.
Movement: Automatic movement of the Rolex Submariner Hulk drives the accuracy and high efficiency of the watch. The construction of Rolex Submariner Hulk compatible to the standard atomic clock which the whole world refers to for an accurate time.
The Rolex Submariner Hulk has a system which has zero tolerance for error and lag in the display of time. The Rolex Submariner Hulk works on a perfect perpetual mechanism of self-winding. The half-moon shaped oscillator system is efficient and accurate to capture the slightest movement of your wrist and arm.
Then it transfers the energy into the mechanical system which in turn makes your Rolex Submariner Hulk highly efficient and accurate. The system has a complex internal mechanism of moving and non-moving parts.
Our analysis of Rolex watch price in India started from the lowest price of Rolex watches in India and extended to the moderately priced ones. We have aimed to introduce you to the various classical and timeless models of the global brand. You could be an entrepreneur, corporate team leader, business person, or a professional. The Rolex watches starting price in India is within your reach, no matter where you are and what you do.
We have included all the models, colors, and designs which may appeal to everyone India from Kashmir to Kanyakumari and Mumbai to Manipur. You can wear the Rolex watch to your workplace, corporate meetings, social gatherings, family occasions, and any other event you can imagine.
Modernity, classical design, and antiquity are integrated parts of the Rolex watch in India. We have handpicked the most valuable ones that carry the century-old tradition and principles of the Rolex brand.
You can easily identify your own cultural, spiritual, personal, social, professional, and holistic lifestyle with the design and construction of every Rolex model. It is one of the most revered qualities introduced by Rolex in India. In addition, the brand brings with it the whole collection of fast and corporate lifestyle, perfectionism, and a willingness to be successful in your chosen field.
Reading through our Rolex watch price in India with images has given you the brightest and most explicit idea about choosing the right Rolex in real time. Once you have made a choice, it is the most precious jewel you can ever imagine to wear for any occasion. | 2019-04-18T16:16:26Z | https://dealsngadgets.com/rolex-watch-price-in-india/ |
Cultural Marxism : Cultural Marxism: An offshoot of Marxism that gave birth to political correctness, multiculturalism and “anti-racism.” Unlike traditional Marxism that focuses on economics, Cultural Marxism focuses on culture and maintains that all human behavior is a result of culture (not heredity / race) and is thus malleable. Cultural Marxists absurdly deny the biological reality of gender and race and argue that gender and race are “social constructs”. Nonetheless, Cultural Marxists support the race-based identity politics of non-whites.
Cultural Marxists typically support race-based affirmative action, the proposition state (as opposed to a nation rooted in common ancestry), elevating non-Western religions above Western religions, speech codes and censorship, multiculturalism, diversity training, anti-Western education curricula, maladaptive sexual norms and anti-male feminism, the dispossession of white people, and mass Third World immigration into Western countries. Cultural Marxists have promoted the idea that white people, instead of birthing white babies, should interracially marry or adopt non-white children. Samuel P. Huntington maintained that Cultural Marxism is an anti-white ideology. Critics of Cultural Marxism have maintained that Cultural Marxists intend to commit genocide against white people through mass non-white immigration, assimilation, transracial adoption and miscegenation.
1. AD HOMINEM ARGUMENT: An argument in which one of the persons involved in a debate strays from the issue being talked about and begins to talk about the person who has voiced an argument. It is name-calling, rather than talking about the issue being debated. The Latin phrase “ad hominem” literally means “toward the man”. Debating primers refer to this as one of the “Fallacies of Irrelevance” because the obvious purpose of a debate is to talk about an issue, not the “man” (person) expressing an opposing view.
The ‘ad hominem” argument is used frequently during debate on the immigration issue. More than discussions on most other issues, discussions on the immigration issue stray from the immigration issue itself to “ad hominem” attacks on those who find fault with current immigration policy. A number of people who use “ad hominem” arguments seem to believe that Canada’s current immigration policy is beyond fault and beyond criticism.
2. ADMINISTRATIVE (MINISTERIAL) REVIEW: This is a euphemistic term used by Canada’s Department of Citizenship and Immigration and its ministers for the word “amnesty”. As Charles Campbell has noted in “Betrayal And Deceit”, the term is one of many examples of immigration deceit practiced against Canadians.
Some Canadians may find the word “deceit” somewhat harsh, but they need only look at proposals by a preceding Minister of Immigration, Joseph Volpe, for a 40% increase in immigration levels to the 320,000+ range. Mr.Volpe did not provide any evidence to justify the increase. This example should give the politically naive the proof they need that Mr. Volpe, like his many predecessors and successors, found nothing wrong with practicing deceit on Canadians.
In the past, the term “administrative or ministerial” review was used to hide the incompetence of both immigration ministers and senior political officials in dealing with false refugee claimants. The numbers of these claimants had become so high in the 1980’s that the entire refugee system had become unworkable. Rather than deal with the root problem, which was the policy of letting so many people make such claims, successive ministers and other political officials allowed these people to stay in Canada.
“Administrative (Ministerial) Review” soon became a clear signal to other potential refugee claimants that they could come to Canada and apply for refugee status also. The significance of “Administrative Reviews” and other administrative incompetence is that literally hundreds of thousands of false refugee claimants have been allowed into Canada and that they have been allowed to bring in literally hundreds of thousands of extended family members.
3. AGING ISSUE, (THE) : This term refers to the proportion of older people in a society. All societies age (grow older). Like many developed countries, Canada has an increasing number of older people in its population, but its position is favourable compared to that of some European countries.
Canada is the only country that uses immigration to deal with the issue of an increasing number of older people in its population. The landmark Health and Welfare Canada study, “Charting Canada’s Future”, looked at the issue of a larger number of older people.
Its recommendations were that Canada encourage an increase in its own birth rate, that it increase Canadian female participation in the country’s work force and that it make use of Canada’s unemployed 45+ year old males. It showed that for the aging issue, these measures were statistically superior to immigration.
It also implied that these, especially the latter two, were morally superior to immigration since Canada would be fulfilling its obvious responsibility to its own citizens.
The general conclusion of most of the studies which have looked at using immigration to deal with the aging issue or other issues is that Canada should look within its own borders for solutions, not to immigration which often causes more problems than it remedies.
4. ANCHOR BABIES: This is an American term which is sometimes used in Canada. Anchor babies are children of women who are in Canada as refugee claimants or as visa or non-visa holders/visitors. These children are entitled to Canadian citizenship as a result of being born on Canadian soil. Women refugee claimants use this provision to try to bolster their own immediate claims to refugee status.
Some pregnant female visa holders deliberately come to Canada in order that their children will be born on Canadian soil. In that way, these mothers obtain citizenship for their children who will years later be able to come to Canada and sponsor relatives for entry to Canada.
One of the shared issues is immigration. It has tended to look uncritically at federal immigration policy. Critics have said that it should be evaluating the impact of immigration policy on Canada’s urban areas—especially because high immigration levels have had such a major effect on urban areas. A considerable part of this effect has been very negative.
In making comments on immigration, several of the cities have relied on information from immigration lawyers, consultants and advocates as if these people were the only ones in their communities who should be listened to on this topic. Critics have likened this approach to inviting Hell’s Angels’ members or other drug dealers to give advice on how the city should deal with drug issues.
The Big City Mayors’ Caucus (BCMC) comprises a regionally representative group of FCM member cities. It meets two to three times a year to discuss shared issues and to reinforce FCM’s policy and advocacy agenda set by the National Board of Directors.
6. BUSINESS IMMIGRANT : Business immigrants include three classes of immigrants : Investors, Entrepreneurs and Self-employed people. Business immigrants become permanent residents on the basis of their ability to become economically established in Canada. The spouse and children of the business immigrant are also included in this category.
7. CHAIN MIGRATION: This is the practice used by immigrants to Canada of sponsoring qualifying members of their extended families to become immigrants to Canada. The practice is referred to as “chain” migration because of the length of time over which it extends. The practice can literally go on for many decades because sponsored immigrants can become sponsoring immigrants—ad infinitum.
This is the chief criticism that is to be made of chain migration.
Another is that it can also involve considerable fraud because false identity documents are sometimes manufactured in a number of countries for people unrelated to sponsors. These people subsequently try to enter Canada.
Critics have often pointed out that Canada should adopt Australia’s policy on this phenomenon to avoid the never-ending “family” sponsorship cycle that ensues when the chain begins. The Australian policy was introduced in 1988. It uses a “balance of family” test whereby the parents must have more children in Australia than in any other single country or as many children in Australia as in all other countries combined. If potential sponsoring parents do not have more children in Australia than in any other single country or as many children in Australia as in all other countries combined, they cannot sponsor those children. Parents either meet it or don’t meet it.
The Australian model is a more realistic “re-unification” model because half or more of the family is already in Australia. If most of the family is in another country, and only one or two are in Australia, “re-unification” can be better achieved by the family member in Australia moving to the country where the majority of the family is than by having the majority move to Australia. This model puts a limit on “re-unification”. It does not allow the endless cycle called “chain migration” to begin–and to continue endlessly as in Canada.
The Australian example is based on the good of Australia. The Canadian model is naively based on the good of non-Canadians.
8. CONVENTION REFUGEE (Government Definition): A person who, by reason of a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group or political opinion, is (a) outside each of their countries of nationality and is unable, or by reason of that fear, unwilling to avail themselves of the protection of each of those countries; or (b) not having a country of nationality, is outside the country of their former habitual residence and is unable, or by reason of that fear, unwilling to return to that country.
9. CULTURAL ABSORPTIVE CAPACITY: This is the limit that any group consciously or unconsciously sets regarding the number of immigrants it will accept before it begins to feel overwhelmed. At the federal level where immigration policy is decided, cultural absorptive capacity has been completely ignored.
Canada’s immigration industry and a number of elected officials at all three levels of government have intimidated other elected officials into accepting virtually unlimited numbers of immigrants. The result is that areas of Canada such as Toronto, Vancouver and Montreal feel they have been inundated by recent immigrants. In the past, in many parts of the world, such an inflow would have been termed “colonization”. In Canada today, it is referred to as establishing “multiculturalism and diversity” and Canadians are told to accept it or else.
(c) they are age 22 or over and have been substantially dependent on the financial support of a parent since before age 22 because of a physical or mental condition.
Before June 28, 2002, dependants were defined as the spouse of a landed immigrant and the children of that immigrant who were unmarried and under 19 years of age; or continuously enrolled as full-time students in an educational institution and financially supported by their parents since reaching age 19 (or if married before age 19, from the date of their marriage); or due to a medical condition, unable to support themselves and are dependent on their parents for financial support.
11. DEPENDENCY RATIO: the number of working Canadians required to support non-working Canadians such as the young, the very disabled, and the pensioned/non-pensioned elderly. Canada’s immigration industry claims that working Canadians face the prospect of supporting an ever-increasing number of dependents. They try to suggest that Canada’s dependency ratio will become unbearable.
This industry says that immigration is the only way to prevent this situation from getting worse. The Health and Welfare Canada study (referred to above) involved 200 university experts from all across Canada. Because of its professional and objective expertise, it has overwhelming legitimacy and contradicts the claims of the immigration industry. It said that making more use of Canada’s female work force and of Canada’s unemployed males in the 45+ age group was statistically superior to immigration.
12. ECONOMIC ABSORPTIVE CAPACITY: the ability of an economy to absorb new workers without causing unwanted competition with Canadians for jobs or displacing Canadian-born from their jobs. Up to 1990, Canada had an immigration policy based on economic absorptive capacity. When Canada needed workers, it looked for them. When it did not need them, it did not look.
13. ECONOMIC IMMIGRANT (Government Definition) : People selected for their skills and ability to contribute to Canada’s economy, including skilled workers, business people and provincial nominees.
(b) have a legally obtained net worth of at least $300,000 Canadian.
15. EMPLOYMENT EQUITY FOR VISIBLE MINORITIES: This is the equivalent of the American “Affirmative Action” programme which was intended to improve the educational and employment opportunities of American blacks.
In the mid-1980’s, Judge Rosalie Abella (who now sits on Canada’s Supreme Court) was asked to investigate the plight of visible minorities in Canada. After a cursory examination of evidence, she came to the conclusion that widespread, systemic discrimination against visible minorities existed in Canada. As others have observed, this is strange behaviour from a person who is supposed to base judgements on evidence.
Subsequent thorough research done by Dr. Martin Loney showed that Ms. Abella’s findings were not true. Dr. Loney discovered that, in fact, a number of visible minority groups such as Japanese and Chinese Canadians were doing better economically than mainstream Canadians. Also, other visible minorities were doing just as well. Some were doing poorly, but Abella’s conclusions that all visible minorities faced widespread, systemic prejudice (and thus low incomes and poverty)were unsupported by the facts. Loney’s work shows that her recommendations should never have been implemented.
In spite of the large amount of evidence which has been accumulated and which clearly contradicts the conclusions of Abella, the federal government has refused to withdraw this legislation. The number of mainstream Canadians negatively affected by this legislation has never been calculated. But it is in the tens of thousands at the very least. Probably, the numbers are in the hundreds of thousands because this programme has been put into effect in the federal, provincial and municipal jurisdictions. It has also been imitated in the private sector.
The entire “Employment Equity For Visible Minorities” programme has been aptly described as institutionalized discrimination against mainstream Canadians.
To compound the problem, Abella’s mistakes require that a large bureaucracy be maintained (mostly by Canadian taxpayers) to investigate and implement policies that discriminate against the majority of Canadians. To perpetuate their jobs, these employees require an unending flow of visible minority immigrants.
16. FAMILY CLASS (Government Definition) : A class of immigrants to Canada made up of close relatives of a sponsor in Canada, including a spouse, common-law partner or conjugal partner; dependent children; parents and grandparents; children under age 18 whom the sponsor intends to adopt in Canada; children of whom the sponsor is the guardian; brothers, sisters, nephews, nieces and grandchildren who are orphans under age 18; and any other relative, if the sponsor has no relative as described above, either abroad or in Canada.
17. FLOWS (Government Definition) : Based on the initial entry method, the number of people identified as entering the CIC system (and presumably the country) for the first time. CIC commonly measures foreign student flows and foreign worker flows. Flows are calculated based on the earliest effective date of any valid permit issued to a foreign student or a foreign worker. The Monitor’s quarterly figures measure foreign student flows and foreign worker flows as opposed to stocks (see stock definition for more details).
18. FOREIGN STUDENT (Government Definition) : A temporary resident who has been approved by an immigration officer to study in Canada. The study permit identifies the level of study and the length of time the individual may study in Canada. Students do not need a study permit for courses of six months or less if they will finish the course within the period of stay authorized upon entry, which is usually six months. Before June 28, 2002, students did not need a study permit for English and French as a second language courses of three months or less. Every foreign student must have a student authorization, but may also have been issued other types of permits or authorizations.
Foreign Students may come to Canada for primary, secondary, post-secondary or English/French language education. Citizenship and Immigration Canada says that Canada takes about 130,000 foreign students annually. Most Canadians have no objection to foreign students coming to Canada to study—-as long as those students do not displace Canadian students in Canada’s education system. However, some displacement has definitely occurred at both the secondary and post-secondary levels.
In addition,like Canada’s regular immigration programme and its refugee programme, the foreign student programme has been abused. A number of foreign students use it as a third immigration door into Canada.
For example, at a number of Canadian universities, foreign students are recruited with the understanding that they will pay 3 to 4 times the tuition rates that Canadian students pay. However, as a number of universities have discovered, a significant number of these foreign students apply for landed immigrant status after their first or second year here. This status allows their fees to be reduced to Canadian student levels, thus defeating the universities’ purpose of trying to get extra income from foreign students.
19. GOVERNMENT-ASSISTED REFUGEES (Government Definition) : People who are selected abroad for resettlement to Canada as Convention refugees under the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act or as members of the Humanitarian-protected Persons Abroad Classes, and who receive resettlement assistance from the federal government.
20. ILLEGAL IMMIGRANTS : These are people such as failed refugee claimants who have been ordered to leave, but who have gone into hiding. The term also includes people such as those who have overstayed their visas. The federal government claims to have some idea of the number of failed refugee claimants. But it says it has no idea how many people have overstayed visas because it keeps no such records. Estimates of the total of these people range as high as 600,000.
Illegal immigrants are undoubtedly working in order to support themselves, so they are taking jobs away from Canadians. (Some are probably involved in other illegal activities such as serious crime.) The federal government has failed to recognize the significance of Canadian workers being displaced. Instead, prominent officials have trivialized the effect of illegals.
In the U.S., research has shown that employers exploit illegals’ fears of being caught by paying them much less than citizens. This has resulted in a lowering of wages in many job categories formerly occupied by citizens. Harvard economist George Borjas has said that it has also caused an enormous transfer of capital (Over $190 Billion annually) from workers to employers.
A similar phenomenon has probably occurred in Canada, but our federal government has not uncovered the extent of this phenomenon yet. It may be more accurate to say that Canada’s federal government refuses to uncover it.
21. IMMIGRATION INDUSTRY : A number of immigration lawyers, immigration consultants and ethnic groups who have lobbied the federal government to make significant changes to Canadian immigration policies and to raise immigration levels to historically high and anomalous numbers. These people have combined with a number of prominent urban federal politicians from several political parties, particularly from the Liberal Party of Canada, to achieve their ends.
(a) SKILLED WORKERS; (b) ENTREPRENEURS; (c) INVESTORS; (d) SELF-SUPPORTING/SELF-EMPLOYED BUSINESS PEOPLE; (e) and NANNIES/LIVE-IN CARE GIVERS. Government definitions are included above and below.
Citizenship and Immigration claims that about 60% of the total number of immigrants to Canada come here as economic immigrants, but the fact is that C and I has included the spouses and child dependents of these immigrants in this category in order to make its figures look better.
In reality, only between 20 to 25% of immigrants to Canada fall into the economic class. Contrary to what C and I tells Canadians, only these 20 to 25% of immigrants to Canada have to meet any real point system requirements. In other words, the C and I claim that it is getting harder and harder to be an immigrant to Canada(that even Einstein might have had difficulty getting enough points to get in) is not true, to say the very least. In 2002, economic immigrants represented 23.3% of all immigrants.
Nannies and Live-In Caregivers. After being here for 2 years, these people can apply for landed immigrant status and then bring in spouses and dependent children. Like dependents of economic migrants, and the people in the family and refugee classes, these people do not have to meet any point system requirements. In 2002, these people represented 0.9% of all immigrants. There were 1981 of them.
(B) FAMILY: These are immediate family members of people who are landed immigrants or who are Canadian-born. This also includes parents and grandparents. Like the dependents of economic immigrants, people in this category do not have to meet any point system requirements. In 2002, the family class represented 28.5% of the total number of immigrants. When combined with the dependents who are now included in the economic category, these people make up more than 50% of all immigrants to Canada every year.
(C) REFUGEE: This category includes around 10,000 Government Assisted (genuine) refugees which the government of Canada selects from refugee camps from around the world. It also includes a varying number of refugees privately sponsored by churches and humanitarian organizations.
It further comprises asylum seekers who arrive in Canada and claim refugee status. Since 1989, over 700,000 asylum-seekers have arrived in Canada. A former Executive-Director of Canada’s Immigration Service, Mr. James Bissett, claims that most of these asylum-seekers are illegitimate refugee-claimants. Mr. Bissett says that most of these people are abusing Canada’s refugee system and that Canada annually spends more than $1 billion dealing with them.
Mr. Bissett points out that Canada spends enormous amounts on these illegals, whose cause is championed by Canada’s immigration industry on purported humanitarian grounds. On the other hand, it spends extremely little on genuine refugees languishing in refugee camps around the world. In 2002, refugees represented 11% of all immigrants to Canada (25,122 immigrants).
(D) HUMANITARIAN: This group often consists of people who have failed the refugee application process.
In effect, between 75% to 80% of all immigrants to Canada every year do not have to meet any point system requirements.
have invested $400,000 Canadian before receiving a visa.
The Canadian government allocates the investment to participating provinces and territories, which guarantee the investment and use it to develop their economies and create jobs. The investment is repaid, without interest, after five years.
The amounts required to be invested vary from province to province. This category has acquired a certain amount of notoriety because after many complaints of abuse to Citizenship and Immigration Canada, a number of audits were conducted of this program. The conclusion was that this program was “riddled with fraud”.
23. JOINT ASSISTANCE SPONSORSHIP (JAS) (Government Definition) : A joint undertaking by a sponsoring group and CIC to sponsor refugees requiring special assistance and whose admissibility depends upon the additional support of a sponsor. In order to resettle successfully, these refugees may require more than a 12-month sponsorship. Under the JAS Program, CIC provides financial assistance to cover the cost of food, shelter, clothing and essential household goods. The sponsor’s role is to provide orientation, significant settlement assistance and emotional support. Refugees sponsored under the JAS program are identified as having special needs that will likely result in a longer or more difficult period of integration.
24. LANDING (Government Definition) : The permission given to a person to live in Canada as a permanent resident. An immigrant who has been “landed” is a permanent resident.
25. LEVEL OF SKILL (Government Definition) : Skill levels for foreign worker occupations are derived from the National Occupational Classification (NOC) system.
(a) University Foreign students pursuing undergraduate, postgraduate (master’s and doctoral) and other studies at university institutions in Canada.
(b) Trade Foreign students pursuing education in a vocational trade at non-university educational institutions in Canada (such as technical and vocational institutions, CEGEP, and colleges).
(c) Other Post-Secondary Foreign students pursuing a post-secondary level of study, not specifically university or trade level. This category may include language institutions, private institutions and university qualifying programs.
(d) Secondary or Less Foreign students attending primary or secondary educational institutions in Canada.
(e) Other Foreign students who could not be classified at any of the above levels of study.
27. LIVE-IN CAREGIVER : (Government Definition) : A temporary resident of Canada who has successfully completed the equivalent of Canadian secondary school; has six months of full-time training in a field or occupation related to that for which they are seeking a work permit; is able to speak, read and understand English or French at a level sufficient to communicate effectively in an unsupervised situation; and signs an employment contract with the future employer.
Participants in this program may apply for permanent resident status in Canada after completing two years of live-in caregiving employment within three years of arrival in Canada.
28. MULTICULTURALISM: A term used to refer to the phenomenon, in Canada, of promoting, among immigrants, the retention of their own cultural practices. It also refers not only to the different ethnic backgrounds of many people in Canada, but to the growing number of those backgrounds.
Multiculturalism has been widely criticized. Some critics have said that multiculturalism requires a continuous inflow of immigrants in order to survive. If multiculturalism is to continue, immigration (particularly high and unnecessary immigration) must continue. As some critics have said, Canada’s multiculturalist policies are a prescription of what Canada will become, not a description of what we are.
Multiculturalism has positive connotations for some, but for many Canadians, it is a euphemism and a disguise for a continuation of Canada’s present unprecedented, unremitting high immigration levels. In fact, one critic has said that continued, high immigration levels are the oxygen for multiculturalism. Without continued high immigration, multiculturalism would die the death it richly deserves.
To others, the words “multiculturalism” and “diversity” are the positive-sounding “artillery” used against an unsuspecting Canadian public to get them to accept unjustified immigration. In other words, these terms are more examples of the deceit used to perpetuate high immigration levels.
29. OTHER (Government Definition) : This category includes people classified as Post-Determination Refugee Claimants or members of the Deferred Removal Order Class.
30. PERMANENT RESIDENCE for PROTECTED PERSONS IN CANADA (Government Definition) : People who have been determined to be Protected Persons by the Immigration and Refugee Board in Canada or through the Pre-Removal Risk Assessment, and who have been granted permanent residence as a result.
31. PROVINCIAL NOMINEE (Government Definition) : An immigrant selected by the provinces and territories for specific skills that will contribute to the local economy. The Regulations establish a provincial nominee class, allowing provinces and territories that have agreements with CIC to nominate a certain number of workers. A nominee must meet federal admissibility requirements, such as those related to health and security.
32. PRINCIPAL APPLICANT (Business Applicant)(Government Definition): The person who best meets the definition for one or more of the types of business immigrants and in whose name the application for immigration is made.
33. PRINCIPAL APPLICANT (Economic Applicant)(Government Definition) : The person who is likely to earn the most points in the self-assessment and in whose name the immigration application is made.
34. PRIVATELY-SPONSORED REFUGEES (Government Definition): Refugees selected abroad for resettlement to Canada who receive resettlement assistance from private sources.
(a) CONVENTION REFUGEES (See government definition above.): People who meet the United Nations description of a refugee. These people almost always need permanent residence in another country. In the past, an example would have been a Russian dissident fleeing the former Soviet government. He was persecuted for his political beliefs. There was no prospect of him returning to the Soviet Union because the government he was escaping from was going to be in power indefinitely. He needed Geneva Convention status, leading to permanent residence in the country providing sanctuary.
(b) NON-CONVENTION REFUGEES: People who do not meet the United Nations definition of a refugee, but who still need protection. An example is a person who fled the former Yugoslavia during its civil war. These people were not singled out for persecution (as the Russian dissident had been). They were just getting out of the line of fire and required temporary protection. There was nothing illegal about their flight and their search for a safe country. They stayed in temporary camps in Germany and now almost all of them have gone back home.
36. REFUGEE PROTECTION CLAIMANT (Government Definition) : A person who has arrived in Canada and who seeks the protection of Canada. If such a person receives a final determination that he or she has been determined to be a Protected Person, he or she may then apply for permanent residence.
37. SAFE COUNTRY: The term “Safe Country” refers to an issue in Canada’s refugee programme. Since 1989, the eve of Canada’s high immigration levels (and not co-incidentally record high refugee claimants), over 700,000 people have landed here and claimed refugee status. The majority of those claims have been fraudulent. In that large group are a significant number who have come from countries that are generally recognized to be democratic and to have good human rights records. Officials within Canada’s immigration system have long recognized that people who come from such countries should not be allowed to initiate refugee claims. They explain that allowing such claims to enter Canada’s system makes a mockery of our system and costs Canada enormous sums of money that should be properly directed towards real refugees in real refugee camps around the world.
Officials have argued that Canada should compose a list of “Safe Countries” and that people from those countries should be summarily refused the right to make a refugee claim. However, Canada’s immigration industry has managed to sabotage all efforts to enact such legislation. They have argued that in order to protect the safety of claimants, that Canada must negotiate separate agreements with all countries to guarantee that failed claimants will not be maltreated when deported from Canada. As a result, Canada has absurd situations such as large numbers of Mexicans, as well as many others from similarly-governed countries, arriving at the Canada-U.S. border or at our airports and claiming to be refugees.
38. SAFE THIRD COUNTRY: The term “SAFE THIRD COUNTRY” refers to an issue in Canada’s refugee programme. A person’s home country is regarded as the “first country” in this discussion. When a person decides to leave his home country in order to avoid persecution of the type described in The U.N. Convention on Refugees, it is expected that he make a refugee claim in the first country that he flees to. However, many refugee claimants are not political refugees, the type recognized by the U.N., but are “economic refugees”, a type which the U.N. does not regard as refugees. Economic refugees are looking for a country which will provide them with the best package of social benefits that are available. These people are often referred to as “asylum shoppers”. The country in which refugee claimants actually make their refugee claims is referred to as the “second country”. The country through which these claimants have travelled before making their claims is regarded as the “third country”.
About a third of Canada’s refugee claimants since 1989 have entered Canada from the U.S. These people should have made their claims in the U.S., but for a number of reasons such as the likelihood that they would have been rejected in the U.S., they have entered Canada which has the highest refugee claimant acceptance rate in the world. For a few years, Canada has had an agreement with the U.S. which allows Canada to refuse entry to claimants who have used the U.S. as a “safe third country”. This agreement has worked for Canada in a number of ways, but it does have loopholes through which claimants have been able to slip.
39. SELF-EMPLOYED PEOPLE (Government Definition) : An immigrant who has (a) shown that they can and intend to create their own employment in Canada and (b) that they can contribute significantly either to the Canadian economy as farmers or to the cultural or athletic life of Canada.
The Supreme Court of Canada noted that the word “person” in the Canadian charter meant that a ‘person” in Canada did not have to be a Canadian citizen in order to receive medicare and social assistance benefits. This decision has meant that Canadian taxpayers pay well over $2 to $3 Billion per year for benefits provided to people who make refugee claims. At the peak of the abuse of Canada’s refugee system, about 30,000 to 40,000 claims were being made here every year.
As we noted above, about a third of refugees to Canada were crossing the Canada-U.S. border and claiming refugee status in Canada. These people had often been in other safe countries and either been granted status there or refused status.
41. SKILLED WORKER (Government Definition) : Immigrants selected for their skills, which will ensure their success in a fast-changing labour market and benefit the Canadian economy. The Regulations stress education, English or French language abilities, and work experience involving certain skills, rather than specific occupations.
42. STOCKS (Government Definition) : Stock statistics measure the number of people present in the CIC system on a specific date in each year of observation. CIC commonly measures foreign student stocks and foreign worker stocks. For a foreign student or a foreign worker to be counted as present in the stock, he or she must have a valid student or work authorization on that date. Any foreign student or foreign worker who has been granted landed status on or before the observation date is excluded from the stock count from that date forward. | 2019-04-25T16:08:27Z | http://immigrationwatchcanada.org/background/basic-vocabulary/ |
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the - ,. , r- late k2ws: see ikies will be clear all iver country in next 24 hours. kabul temperature : maxl: tomorrow 14 mini: tonight: 1 u, ( geneva, march 30, (ta-, bs). standing soviet-, american consultative com-' jnitsion opened session he- '." re .today. .. ; ,.i ,., -i '.'r hi nr. ' ''! j;1; i ,:, i' .' vol. xv, no. 8, tuesday, 1976, hamal 10,1355 s.h. price afs- 6 "t y constituting commiissiioe ;' kabul,. 30 with prayers for progress r t-u " oi auspcious ivepurjucan uiuer uk ursi sessiun ui uie cujnnnssiun xuiin ed study and scrutinisation of draft constitution reublic af afghanistan was held darulaman palace yesterday afternooh. at beginning election as chairman future generations. meeting decree lea der revolution, president prime minister republic mohammad daoud is sued in, name justice dr.' abdul majid regard to read out by minister. later on pursuance the. text founder members iof commission a completely free democratic manner elected unanimously" dr. ma-jid co-: mmission. after his kabul, (bakhtar). prolonged rains have destroyed number residential homes kushk district herat province, but caused no casualties' governor ghu-lim ali ayeen to-' nred 'affected -area,- -ap- pointed mission report "extent damages. an 'afghan red crescent society team now distributing relief supplies there. x' "'" 'i; .'- saharan forces destroy four enemy positions algiers, (afp). arab de mocratic . inflicted heavy losses "enemy" occupying, two inside western sahara official communique, reported algerian news agency, said here yesterday. attacks we carried simultaneou- sly against 25, communique said. one attack sir enzaran, extreme south sahara, other houza north-east, it added. ''-'. ! included, both men equipment. com--munique military' vehicles, five trucks loaded "aggressors" were bur-', ned positions' bir enza-'. ran. '' beirut still grip fighting beirut, (dp a) .lebanon's civil war raged unabated monday eastern edges beirut. christians fleeing panic towards leftwing muslim militia penetrated sunday fnto falangist suburb kahhale. more scenes from junieh harbour, 18 kilometres north capital, thousands ''refugees are trying board bo ats cyprus. observers give (bakhtar) prosp erity our il.i'j i. speech noted grave duty commission, reiterated historical importance this national document, its ro'e present day. life afghan society- f '-w4, x imiim$ first syria may inter (afp) has contacted united states, france vatican effort ensure that israel would not act if intervened militarily lebanese war, monday. voice lebanon controlled christian phalangists, t there had been "an intensification diplomatic activities international level". because "unaccept-1 able conditions" set leftist leader kamal jumblatt settlement, radio said, "delicate" choice either ending mediation or deciding questi-1 puting down1 "any attempts escalation"... phalangist commentator expected "pu- chance success egyptian anwar sadat's proposals send troops states restore peace lebanon. falangists claimed recaptured most territory lost during weekend. fierce town zaghorta, suleiman frangieh's hometown, some 100 east here. repelled repeated assaults rebel army troops. god almighty, dear light -j ili expressed 1he: hope almighty help accomplishment im- nnrtant-j nnrt great iluty. '..',5 iff. deliberating --tt v. rsue end, "but "fears settlement arms could results which certain foreign countries take advantage of'v believed, said,' any israeli intervention "would constitute limited military operation seek occupy southern part prelude partition." why "deemed necessary contact countries, particularly vatican,, view toward ensuring wou'd intervene damascus decided settle question militarily", the, said., (in tel aviv, paris correspondent daily haaretz governments "are pressuring make accept syrian lebanon".,;, (the report, quoting "french government circles", position seen threat). hanoi agrees paris, .north vietnam offered "necessary measures" search for-us dead missing return promises post-war aid. vietnamese embassy spokesman donation received khulm victims mazare sharif, people organisations halkh province continue 'donate money essential commodities distribution tn earthquake. maw-? transp- ort companies contributed .1 miuui nnla moll .f at. 30.000. banke melli .balkh, 20,000; citizens made contributions cash kind well. .kunduz snid kunduz citi, .ens nave donated afs. 200,-,000 afghanis financing work being khulm. llllmi i.ii.h.iw iiiiiiiiiiimiiilll mm vene lebanon, "certain observers", raid ask nations security council resolution mandating "settle crisis". however, reports might less than accurate merely tr- ial balloon. v' damascus, palestinian sources optimism over potential noting parties agreed urgent need end con-flic. j capital site flurry contacts figures recent days, jumblatt, who met seven hours straight hafez assad saturday., monday, separately liberation organisation lender yasser arafat imam moussa sadr, shii moslem community same time, almost constant telephone contact. informed statement demanded stater abide their obliga-ion, covered agreement december 1973 contribute "healing country's wounds". re- new charter drawn primary school exams. 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' ''! j;1; i ,:, i' .' vol. xv, no. 8, tuesday, 1976, hamal 10,1355 s.h. price afs- 6 "t y constituting commiissiioe ;' kabul,. 30 with prayers for progress r t-u " oi auspcious ivepurjucan uiuer uk ursi sessiun ui uie cujnnnssiun xuiin ed study and scrutinisation of draft constitution reublic af afghanistan was held darulaman palace yesterday afternooh. at beginning election as chairman future generations. meeting decree lea der revolution, president prime minister republic mohammad daoud is sued in, name justice dr.' abdul majid regard to read out by minister. later on pursuance the. text founder members iof commission a completely free democratic manner elected unanimously" dr. ma-jid co-: mmission. after his kabul, (bakhtar). prolonged rains have destroyed number residential homes kushk district herat province, but caused no casualties' governor ghu-lim ali ayeen to-' nred 'affected -area,- -ap- pointed mission report "extent damages. an 'afghan red crescent society team now distributing relief supplies there. x' "'" 'i; .'- saharan forces destroy four enemy positions algiers, (afp). arab de mocratic . inflicted heavy losses "enemy" occupying, two inside western sahara official communique, reported algerian news agency, said here yesterday. attacks we carried simultaneou- sly against 25, communique said. one attack sir enzaran, extreme south sahara, other houza north-east, it added. ''-'. ! included, both men equipment. com--munique military' vehicles, five trucks loaded "aggressors" were bur-', ned positions' bir enza-'. ran. '' beirut still grip fighting beirut, (dp a) .lebanon's civil war raged unabated monday eastern edges beirut. christians fleeing panic towards leftwing muslim militia penetrated sunday fnto falangist suburb kahhale. more scenes from junieh harbour, 18 kilometres north capital, thousands ''refugees are trying board bo ats cyprus. observers give (bakhtar) prosp erity our il.i'j i. speech noted grave duty commission, reiterated historical importance this national document, its ro'e present day. life afghan society- f '-w4, x imiim$ first syria may inter (afp) has contacted united states, france vatican effort ensure that israel would not act if intervened militarily lebanese war, monday. voice lebanon controlled christian phalangists, t there had been "an intensification diplomatic activities international level". because "unaccept-1 able conditions" set leftist leader kamal jumblatt settlement, radio said, "delicate" choice either ending mediation or deciding questi-1 puting down1 "any attempts escalation"... phalangist commentator expected "pu- chance success egyptian anwar sadat's proposals send troops states restore peace lebanon. falangists claimed recaptured most territory lost during weekend. fierce town zaghorta, suleiman frangieh's hometown, some 100 east here. repelled repeated assaults rebel army troops. god almighty, dear light -j ili expressed 1he: hope almighty help accomplishment im- nnrtant-j nnrt great iluty. '..',5 iff. deliberating --tt v. rsue end, "but "fears settlement arms could results which certain foreign countries take advantage of'v believed, said,' any israeli intervention "would constitute limited military operation seek occupy southern part prelude partition." why "deemed necessary contact countries, particularly vatican,, view toward ensuring wou'd intervene damascus decided settle question militarily", the, said., (in tel aviv, paris correspondent daily haaretz governments "are pressuring make accept syrian lebanon".,;, (the report, quoting "french government circles", position seen threat). hanoi agrees paris, .north vietnam offered "necessary measures" search for-us dead missing return promises post-war aid. vietnamese embassy spokesman donation received khulm victims mazare sharif, people organisations halkh province continue 'donate money essential commodities distribution tn earthquake. maw-? transp- ort companies contributed .1 miuui nnla moll .f at. 30.000. banke melli .balkh, 20,000; citizens made contributions cash kind well. .kunduz snid kunduz citi, .ens nave donated afs. 200,-,000 afghanis financing work being khulm. llllmi i.ii.h.iw iiiiiiiiiiimiiilll mm vene lebanon, "certain observers", raid ask nations security council resolution mandating "settle crisis". however, reports might less than accurate merely tr- ial balloon. v' damascus, palestinian sources optimism over potential noting parties agreed urgent need end con-flic. j capital site flurry contacts figures recent days, jumblatt, who met seven hours straight hafez assad saturday., monday, separately liberation organisation lender yasser arafat imam moussa sadr, shii moslem community same time, almost constant telephone contact. informed statement demanded stater abide their obliga-ion, covered agreement december 1973 contribute "healing country's wounds". re- new charter drawn primary school exams. (bakh-tur). governing examinations schools, up basis education leiorm, approved special chaired prof. kayeum. under charter, implemented experimental basis, students schools given every month. grades obtained each month affect ;:rade final examination. source ministry charier, presidents, ministers minis-had talked other. little enthusiasm quarter, rail league token force crisis. cairo, secretary general mahmoud riad chiefs state proposal rejected outright. sheikh zayed ben sultan al nahy-ane, emirates, called lor use stop bloodshed unless peaceful means managed bring about safety cauntry. ankara, (ppa). turkish, italian, british, us warships hold joint month-long manoeuvres mediterranean april nine, announced atlantic treaty (nato) exercise include visits lo central ports. u.s. pl approach last friday normalisation relations between countries. demanding (continued page 4) reform along charters aimed raising standard better utilising ta- lents encou-mo flew lusaka yester-rage them learn pro- day afternoon surpri- ve very helpful. chart be, current year tchools colder regions. aljo attended deputy minister, heads departments ministry, principals headn.a-filers teachers schools. courtesy call (bakh-tar). iraqi ambassador na-ser kader hadi-i and-polish bagoslav pazek mines industries eng. tawab asifi 10 10.30 a.m. respectively. nuclear spread libya, uganda: experts london, (re-uter). weapons soon like libya uganda even individual guer-. rilla groups, scientists warned british television night. ;-'-one o- scientists, george bathjens, he believed likely israel, africa. rathjens, professor ct political science mas-achusetts institute technology (mit), interviewed granada television, britain's commercial network series titled "world ac tion". fellow formerly engaged filmed princeton university room where albert instein reputed conceived idea bomb. african summit decides stepping upzimbabwe dar es salaam, rhodesia's neighbour intend commonwealth plan white rhodesian whites compensate when they quite rhodesia, tanzanian ibrahim kaduma addressing press conference outcome four-sided zambia, tanzania, botswana mozambique. three groups ot 1) die-hard want fight death rather black majority government, 2) fear rule leave come back fee acceptable, 3) have, rhodesia home willing live government. co uld middle group, .kaduma app rift among nationalists salisbury, (dpa). joshua nko- se visit zambian president, kenneth kaun-da. him anc publicity secretary, william musarurwa. follows dramatic statements nko-mo gordon chavundu-ka, thel rival muzarewa faction, chances unity out. enmity sides concern week neighbouring kaunda (zambia), machel (mozambique), seretse khama (botswana) julius nyerere (tanzania). presidents hoped unite following breakdown talks joshua-nkomo find prem-tnn smith, be'ieved h bid guer- rlla belonging es. buenos aires, terrorists shot police inspector wounded rar driver gunmen escaped, policeman way work.' bangladesh, sign accords ag. projects dacca, .bangladesh signed separate agreements amounting million pounds agricultural research bangladesh. loan project grant pounds. repayable 40 years, including grace period ten years. interest per cent. roach group "at appropriate time". these arrangement;; worked added, reason should similarly africa exist.-si. meanwhile explained summit, "liberation war" zimbabwe (rhodesia). also within (anc) split into wings lusaka-bated external wing led bishop abel muzorewa salisbury-based internal n-komo. regret long guerrilla "liberate" sad, assurance truly "liberated", having cleared away "bad elements. | 2019-04-25T14:48:57Z | http://content.library.arizona.edu/cdm/ref/collection/p16127coll6/id/34083/ |
Feet First began in 1995 as a group of citizens and professionals interested in promoting walkable communities. In 2001, we became an official 501(c)(3) nonprofit. A grant from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation allowed us to hire our first staff person at the end of 2003.
Today we’re a fast-growing organization with passionate board members, staff, and volunteers supporting our vision of people walking every day for their health, transportation, environment, community, and pleasure.
Feet First is founded at a meeting of interested transportation activists attending the Alt-Trans annual meeting (now the Transportation Choices Coalition). At the meeting, the group decided to form a new organization dedicated to promoting walking and the rights and interests of pedestrians. The name “Feet First” was selected a few months later.
Feet First holds its first crosswalk action at the Hearthstone Senior Center in east Green Lake. Seniors had trouble crossing busy Green Lake Drive to get to the lake and wanted a pedestrian crossing signal. A group gathered with signs and began legally crossing the street back and forth to draw attention to the problem. The event got media coverage and was included in the Green Lake Neighborhood Plan. A few years later, the Seattle Department of Transportation built a signal using early implementation funds. Subsequent crossing actions have been held at Ballard, Greenwood, Roanoke Park, and Aurora.
Despite plenty of enthusiasm, Feet First has trouble gaining traction as an all-volunteer organization. The group distributed brochures, published a newsletter, conducted walks, and held fundraisers. However, without a dedicated staff person to coordinate activities, it was difficult to sustain these activities.
Feet First receives official 501(c)3 nonprofit status allowing Feet First to apply for grants and provide tax-exempt receipts for donations.
Feet First publishes its first walking map, the “Ballard Pedestrian’s Friend.” The useful map shows walking conditions throughout this Seattle neighborhood and general tips on safe walking and driving. Since then, we have produced popular walking maps in many other communities including Lower Queen Anne, West Seattle, White Center, Skyway, Central District, NE Seattle, Burien, Kirkland, Laurelhurst, North Beacon Hill and South Park.
Pedestrian Summer includes a series of events from May to October including guided walking tours and other events. The purpose of the events was to promote the “Education, Enforcement, Engineering, and Encouragement” of walkable communities. The campaign was spearheaded by City Councilmember Richard Conlin and had support from Mayor Nickels, the City Council, and many businesses and nonprofits in the Seattle area.
Feet First applies and receives a $200,000 grant from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation to promote Active Living by Design in selected neighborhoods around Seattle. This five-year grant provided seed money to hire Feet First volunteer David Levinger as Executive Director and to open an office in Downtown Seattle’s Joseph Vance Building. The hiring of a full-time Executive Director with an office provided Feet First with the organizational structure it needed to grow.
The brainchild of longtime Feet First activist and former Board Member Lester Goldstein, these handy orange flags improve visibility for people trying to cross the street. Feet First produced one thousand flags for distribution to people interested in pedestrian safety.
Feet First organizes an urban design tour of Vancouver, British Columbia. Sponsored by Vulcan Inc., dozens of planners, engineers, and other officials were invited to tour various urban design elements in the city.
Feet First launches the Safe Routes to School program (SRTS) with work at Baily Gatzert Elementary School, funded from the Washington State Department of Transportation. The centerpiece of this effort was the formation of walking school buses, whereby a family member would accompany children from a given neighborhood to school and back. This program would receive the 2006 Safety Superstar award from the Washington Traffic Safety Commission. Jen Cole was hired to run SRTS the following year. We have subsequently coordinated program efforts to encourage walking at various schools all over the Puget Sound Region.
Feet First helps organize the groundbreaking ceremony for the beginning of the construction of the Burke-Gilman Trail extension to Golden Gardens after testifying at numerous city and county-wide events in favor of the extension. Feet First continues to advocate for extensions of both the Burke-Gilman and other walking trails in the region.
In May of 2005, Feet First conducts its first walking audit in the Crossroads neighborhood of Bellevue with the help of residents, civic leaders, and planners.
The chicken begins crossing the crosswalk – after looking both ways, of course. The Feet First Chicken has since become a beloved mascot for the Safe Routes to School program.
Feet First wins the Innovative School Project award for their project at TT Minor Elementary. This project was a subset of the larger Active Seattle Project.
The first Statewide Conference for Safe Routes to School takes place in Lynnwood, Washington, in May 2007. The conference was organized by Feet First and the Bicycle Alliance of Washington in the joint role of the Center for Safe Routes to School in Washington. The conference featured 20 speakers and attracted 125 attendees from across the state. We followed up with a second statewide conference in Spokane the following year.
Following a 2007 Walking Audit for Sanislo Elementary School in Delridge, the Seattle City Council pledges to improve the outdoor stairway from Delridge Way Southeast to Southeast Myrtle Street, a major walking route to school. Some parents had their children skip school in the morning to join the press conference to kick off the effort that would result in pedestrian-scaled lighting and landscape improvement along the stairway.
Lisa Quinn is hired as permanent Executive Director. Lisa was selected from a competitive nationwide search. She was previously Rideshare Manager for the San Luis Obispo Regional Council of Governments in San Luis Obispo, California. She brought a wealth of experience working on transportation issues in California and the Pacific Northwest.
Lisa Quinn and Mayor Greg Nickels speak at a ribbon-cutting ceremony for a new sidewalk at Sanislo Elementary School.
Feet First organizes its first annual PARK(ing) Day in the Seattle area. Dozens of parking spaces are transformed into mini-parks where passersby participate in various fun activities. PARK(ing) Day is an annual one-day global event where artists, activists, and citizens independently but simultaneously transform designated on-street parking spots into “PARK(ing)” spaces: temporary public parks showing people what their city would look like if more public space was allocated for urban parks, recreation, social interactions, and other people-centric pursuits, rather than the movement and storage of cars.
The Go Cart to Groceries project focuses on physical activity and access to healthy foods. This project was the first of its kind in the nation to change behavior and increase the number of people who go by foot to shop. The cart project received media coverage and interest from other neighborhoods throughout the Puget Sound Region.
Seattle City Council adopts the Pedestrian Master Plan, which was the first citywide action plan focused on walking. Feet First’s former interim Executive Director Rebecca Deehr and board member Chas Redmond served on the Pedestrian Master Plan Advisory Group. Feet First lobbies City Council for adoption of the plan.
Feet First finds its new home in Pioneer Square in the Nord Building.
Walking Ambassadors organize walks around their neighborhood. These walks are themed, interpretive events bringing neighbors together to explore the community. Examples may include a walk to visit a new park or pathway, an historical walk, a nighttime holiday walk, or a nature walk. Feet First has held two training sessions to educate dozens of residents on how to be Neighborhood Walking Ambassadors.
The CD Street Stories multimedia contest challenges Central District youth to tell digital stories about how they relate to their communities when they walk.
Feet First receives a grant from King County Public Health via the Center for Disease Control to work with eighteen schools in the districts of Seattle, Auburn, Kent, Highline, Tukwila, and Renton to promote healthy living through safe walking. Feet First conducts and creates a report from walking audits and uses this information to develop a walk-route map for each school.
Feet First joins the Bicycle Alliance of Washington in a project sponsored by the Washington State Department of Transportation and the Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction. The task is to write a pedestrian safety education curriculum to accompany an already existing bicycle component, and then train middle school physical education teachers to use it in their classes. The eight lesson curriculum is taught to 175 teachers in twenty-five schools districts across Washington, reaching approximately 23,000 students by 2012.
Feet First works with the Childhood Obesity Prevention Coalition to pass a bill that codifies the Safe Routes to School program into law.
The first Feet First Walk & Talk tours the Seattle Waterfront led by Seattle City Council member Sally Bagshaw. Subsequent Walk & Talks visit West Seattle Junction (led by Seattle City Council member Tom Rasmussen), Yesler Terrace (Seattle Council member Nick Licata), Broadway (Seattle Council member Sally Clark), Houghton (Kirkland Mayor Joan McBride), and Redmond (Mayor John Marchione and artist John Fleming). These walks provide an opportunity for local residents, elected officials, developers, planners, engineers, and other interested persons to build awareness of how walking plays an intricate role in connecting people, places, and transportation.
Feet First holds a Walk to School Day event at Concord Elementary School in South Park. The Concord program for Safe Routes to School was chosen by Seattle Mayor McGinn to launch the Seattle chapter of the Michelle Obama “Let’s Move” campaign. Guests of honor included former Seattle Supersonics James Donaldson and Shawn Kemp.
Feet First coordinates the design and installation of nine wayfinding kiosks in West Seattle to help people navigate around the community by foot. These kiosks are funded by the Seattle Department of Neighborhoods.
Feet First receives a $20,000 grant from the Regence Foundation to expand its Neighborhood Walking Ambassador Program in Southeast Seattle.
Feet First receives a $25,000 grant from the Bullitt Foundation to expand the Feet First Agenda City Program, develop a Communications Plan, and support four Walk & Talk events.
Partnering with Urban Trans North America through a contract from King County Metro, Feet First works to educate West Seattle residents about options for traveling by transit, bicycling, and walking as alternatives to driving on the Alaskan Way Viaduct in preparation for the viaduct replacement.
The Feet First board adopts the Feet First Agenda, which acknowledges cities across the state that are taking steps to make the places where people live, work, and play easier to get to on foot. Recognized cities in 2011 are Bellevue, Kirkland, Redmond, and Seattle.
Feet First completes a two-year project conducting pedestrian assessments in Seattle neighborhoods SODO, Georgetown, South Park, and North Tukwila for the Duwamish Transportation Management Association (TMA). These assessments were part of the TMA’s Street Smart Study, which was completed in Fall 2011. The study includes recommendations for extending trails, adding sidewalks, and creating better signage for pedestrians.
On October 11th, 2011, Feet First celebrates ten years of working to ensure all communities in Washington are walkable. Over 100 people attend the event, which featured keynote speaker Matt Lerner of Walk Score.
Walking advocates and beer enthusiasts alike celebrated Earth Day with a 10 mile urban beer hike hosted by Feet First to raise awareness of walkable cities and sustainable means of transportation. Two dozen volunteers trekked kegs of beer from Two Beers Brewing Co. in the Stadium District to Latona Pub in Greenlake.
Along with four other organizations, Feet First is selected by the Puget Sound Partnership and Leadership Council to win the Puget Sound Champion Award for the Watershed Walks program supporting its Neighborhood Walking Ambassador program. The award is given to organizations that go above and beyond to fulfill the goals of the Puget Sound Partnership’s Action Agenda.
In the summer of 2012, Feet First campaigned to create a better, more walkable plan for the Northgate Link Light Rail station. As a result, Sound Transit agreed to provide up to $10 million in pedestrian infrastructure funding in the area, instead of building a 900 car parking garage. Watch the video below to learn more.
Stairway Walks Day featured 15 walks from Jake and Cathy Jaramillo’s new book, Seattle Stairway Walks, published by local nonprofit publisher The Mountaineers Books. For one day, for two hours, almost 300 local residents participated in Feet First Neighborhood Walking Ambassador-led free simultaneous stairway walks to celebrate the Puget Sound Region’s amazing elevation changes and the individual characteristics and historical context of our local stairways.
After completing Central District Street Stories and the Rainier Beach Touchstones project, we partnered with the Rivers, Trails, and Conservation Assistance Program of the National Park Service to bring the digital storytelling project to the Beacon Hill neighborhood of Seattle. Street Stories is a project designed to merge storytelling, technology, and neighborhood culture to creatively engage youth in understanding how a place for all people to walk contributes to the health, safety and vibrancy of a community.
On the first weekend of May we participated in Jane’s Walk, coordinating 13 free neighborhood walking tours in Seattle, attracting over 200 attendees.
Jane’s Walk, an annual series of free, volunteer-led urban walks, was created in 2007 in Toronto by friends of the urban thinker Jane Jacobs to celebrate her work. This internationally-celebrated event bridges social and geographic gaps and creates a space for residents to talk about what matters to them in the places they live and work.
In April, Feet First held their first annual Walkable Washington Symposium at the Pike Place Market. It was a full morning of sharing ideas and building connections for collaboration among professionals and walkability advocates from across the state. Over 120 people attended. The Walkable Washington Conference has since become an annual event, with subsequent symposiums have been held in Redmond in 2015 and Bellevue in 2016.
The future Judkins Park light rail station will occupy the site of the current Metro flyer stop on I-90 between Rainier Avenue S. and 23rd Avenue S. in Seattle. As part of our Sound Access for All campaign, Feet First has been working towards ensuring good walking access to the station, including the formation of a coalition of local stakeholders. In early 2015, Sound Transit agreed to provide a pedestrian bridge over Rainier Avenue S. to provide safer access to southbound transit stops along the roadway. In June of that year, we sponsored a Walk & Talk in the area which attracted over seventy-five participants. Feet First is working with the Lighthouse for the Blind to convince Sound Transit to ensure that the station design is safe and accessible for deaf and blind users.
On Monday, May 11, 2015, Governor Jay Inslee signed into law Senate Bill 5957, which creates a Pedestrian Safety Advisory Council. The bill had earlier been approved by both the full House and Senate with bipartisan support. This advisory council will include experts in law enforcement, transportation, public health, and pedestrian safety. The advisory council will thoroughly review fatal and serious pedestrian collisions, examine collision data, and examine the relevant statutes, ordinances, and policies. Drawing on this information, the council provides an annual report recommending measures that could improve safety for people walking.
In September 2015, Feet First organized a Walk & Talk along the Seattle Waterfront to discuss issues related to plans for the reconstruction of Alaskan Way. The walk included speakers from Office of the Waterfront, Friends of Waterfront Seattle, Pike Place Market, Mack Urban, and Daniels Real Estate. For many years, Feet First has been working to convince the City of Seattle to adopt a narrower road profile that would be less daunting to people wanting to cross the roadway.
WALKTOBER is Feet First’s annual statewide campaign to promote walking throughout Washington. Whether commuting to work or school, running errands, or just stepping out for fun and exercise, WALKTOBER provides people numerous opportunities to walk more and connect more. As part of this effort, Feet First sponsored thirty events. Over one-thousand people participated along with students at over one-hundred fifty schools.
In November 2015, Seattle Voters overwhelmingly approved Proposition 1, a nine-year $930 million transportation funding measure. This includes money to fund city Safe Routes to School efforts, build 150 miles of new sidewalks, and improve pedestrian safety at 750 intersections across the city. The measure also includes $15 million for construction of the Northgate Pedestrian/Bicycle Bridge. Feet First endorsed the Move Seattle campaign and helped with doorbelling and phone banking efforts.
Finding funding for the Northgate Pedestrian/Bicycle Bridge, which would connect North Seattle College with the future Northgate light rail station, had been a major priority for Feet First for several years. The passage of the 2015 statewide transportation budget along with voter approval of Seattle’s Move Seattle levy that fall secured a total of $25 million for this project. This money, combined with the $10 million already pledged towards the bridge, means that the project is now fully funded. The facility is currently scheduled to open along with the light rail station in 2021. | 2019-04-26T14:30:55Z | http://www.feetfirst.org/about-us/origins |
The therapeutic efficacy of drugs depends heavily on their intrinsic pharmacokinetics . The efficacies of peptides and proteins are often restricted by their rapid clearance from the body, which means they must be frequently administered to maintain the therapeutic level. The circulating half-lives (t1/2) of most peptides and protein-based drugs range from a few minutes to at most two hours. These short in vivo lifespans of therapeutic peptides and proteins are mainly due to renal filtration or proteolysis . In many cases, sufficiently long half-life is desired to exert expected effect on the patient. Consequently, various strategies have been utilized to increase the half-life of peptide drugs in vivo. One common method is to reduce the rate of clearance, which can be achieved either through direct modification of the drug, or by adding other agents which act on the clearance pathways . Reduction of clearance is particularly desired for protein drugs, as they are highly vulnerable to degradation by proteases.
Renal-urinary tract is one of the major routes for drug clearance and the kidneys generally filter out molecules below 60 kDa . Therefore, enlargement of the molecular size of protein drugs, by protein fusions, glycosylation or PEGylation, reduces the renal clearance and further extends in vivo exposure of the polypeptide or protein therapeutic [5-9]. However, the large size of PEG chain inevitably comprises the biological activity of the peptide [10, 11].
Due to their inherently long blood circulation, immunoglobulins and human serum albumin (HSA) have been used as carriers to protect drugs from enzymatic degradation and increase the half-lives [12, 13]. Due to the high abundance in the blood circulation (35-50 mg/ml), albumin, with a molecular weight of 66.5 kDa, has advantages over immunoglobulins as a drug carrier [14-18]. Two principle albumin-based technologies have been developed in the past 15-20 years. One is to pass lipophilic drugs and HSA under high pressure through a jet to form albumin-drug nanoparticles . In the second approach, albumin-binding peptides or prodrugs are administered intravenously and they bind in situ to circulating albumin, either physically or covalently [20, 21].
For example, fatty acid-conjugation causes hydrophilic peptides to bind to albumin via approximately five binding positions for long chain fatty acids . Several drugs have been enhanced by conjugating fatty acid to increase their circulation time for therapy [23, 24]. However, the biodistribution of the fatty acid conjugates is still not optimal since a high percentage of administered drug molecules will be accumulated in the liver and be degraded. Besides, the lipophilicity also increases the difficulty of chemical reaction and production of these drugs.
Evans blue (EB) dye has been an important tool in studying physiology and malignancy because of its high affinity for serum albumin [25, 26]. Recently, we developed a novel blood pool imaging agent, based on the structure of Evan blue (EB) dye in which one of the 1-amino-naphthol-2,4-disulfonic acid moieties is replaced with a NOTA chelator for radiometal complexation. We refer to these analogs as truncated Evans blue (tEB) [27-29]. In this study, we expanded this strategy with the development of tEB derivatives that can be conjugated to therapeutic drugs and result in enhanced bioavailabilty. Using the tEB derivative as described, many small molecules and biologics can be easily modified with a one-step reaction. Due to the relatively strong binding of tEB moiety with albumin, the number of tEB moieties and linkers per peptide or protein can be controlled to adjust the biodistribution of the conjugates in vivo. By adopting this strategy, complicated in vitro protein labeling procedures and the multiple steps of purifying fusion proteins can be avoided.
The proof-of-concept was demonstrated by using exendin-4, a 39-amino acid peptide that is a potent agonist of mammalian glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) that stimulates insulin release and β cell proliferation, while suppressing glucagon secretion and delaying gastric emptying [30-32]. Exendin-4 (Exenatide, Byetta®) has shown antidiabetic effect in patients with type 2 diabetes whose glycemic control is inadequate with metformin alone, sulphonylurea alone, or metformin in combination with sulphonylurea [33-35]. However, because of its short in vivo half-life, Exenatide must be injected by diabetic patients at least twice daily , which markedly reduces patient compliance.
In previous studies, we found that truncated Evans blue maintains albumin binding affinity [27, 28]. In order to conjugate the truncated EB (tEB) to various biomolecules, the compound needs to be functionalized for selective attachment. Therefore, we designed a synthesis route to prepare maleimide-tEB for reaction with a thiol group of Cys40 residue on the Exendin-4 peptide, resulting in an albumin binding drug candidate, denoted as Abextide. The functional group of the tEB can also be amine or carboxyl group as appropriate for conjugation to other therapeutic peptides or proteins.
The main purpose of this study is to determine if EB conjugation would enhance the short in vivo lifespan of therapeutics in the systematic circulation. We demonstrate this approach as a viable route for increasing the half-life of potentially important peptide or protein pharmaceuticals.
O-tolidine and 1-amino-naphthol-2,4-disulfonic acid monosodium salt were purchased from TCI America (Portland, OR) and NOTA-NHS was obtained from Marcocyclics (Dallas, TX). All other chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Waters 600 high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system with a Waters 996 Photodiode Array Detector (PDA) and an online radioactivity detector (Beckman) using a semi-preparative C18 HPLC column (XTerra Prep RP18, 10 µm, 7.8 x 300 mm, Waters) was used for the purification of products. Varian BOND ELUT C18 column (100 mg) was used for solid phase extraction. A Perkin-Elmer 200 series HPLC pump with a Waters 2487 UV detector and a Bioscan Flow-Count detector using an analytical C18 HPLC column (XTerra 5 µm, 150 x 4.6 mm, Waters) was used for analysis of labeled compounds. HPLC runs a linear gradient starting from 5% A (0.1% TFA in acetonitrile) and 95% B (0.1% TFA in water) for 5 min and increasing to 65% A at 35 min with a flow rate of 5 ml/min for semi-prep HPLC and 1 ml/min for analytical HPLC. Mass spectra were obtained with Waters LC-MS system (Waters, Milford, MA) that includes an Acquity UPLC system coupled to the Waters Q-Tof Premier high-resolution mass spectrometer. The 18F-fluoride was obtained from NIH cyclotron facility.
To a 100 ml round bottom flask containing o-tolidine (4.3 g) and methylene chloride (40 ml) was added di-t-butyldicarbonate (4.4 g). The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction was concentrated and the residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel to give 3.2 g of N-Boc-2-tolidine (1). LC-MS: [MH]+ = 313.4135 (m/z), calc: 312.1838. N-Boc-2-tolidine (0.46 g, 1.47 mmol) was dissolved in acetonitrile (10 ml) in a glass vial and cooled to 0 °C, then hydrochloric acid (0.3 M, 15 ml) was added. Cold sodium nitrite solution (0.31 g in 5 ml water) was added dropwise and stirred for 20 min, and the solution turned bright yellow. This solution was added dropwise to another glass vial containing 1-amino-8-naphthol-2,4-disulfonic acid monosodium salt (0.59 g) and sodium bicarbonate (0.49 g) in water (20 ml) at 0 °C. The reaction was deemed complete by LC/MS and the reaction was lyophilized without further purification to provide the Boc-tEB (2) product. [M-H]- = 541.4425, calc: 542.0930.
The Boc-tEB product was added to a solution of 80% TFA, 10% 1,2-ethanedithiol and 10% thioanisole and stirred until the reaction was complete. The mixture was diluted with water (100 ml) and loaded onto a C18 chromatography cartridge (3x15 cm). The column was washed with water and then with 80% ethanol to elute the desired product. After evaporation of the solvent in the eluent, 0.6 g of 80% pure product of tEB (3) was obtained. A small amount of product 3 was further purified by HPLC. LC-MS: [M-H]- = 541.4425, calc: 542.0930.
To a solution of purified tEB (30 mg) in methanol (4 ml), DIPEA (50 μl) and maleic anhydride (160 mg) were added, and the reaction was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. When the reaction to form intermediate was complete as judged by HPLC, the solvent was evaporated, acetic anhydride (1 ml) was added and the reaction was heated at 105 °C for 30 min. When LC/MS showed complete conversion to desired product, the mixture was diluted with water (16 ml) and purified on a Waters Xterra C18 chromatography column running a linear gradient from 5% A (0.1% TFA in acetonitrile) and 95% B (0.1% TFA in water) for 2 min and increasing A to 65% in 30 min. The desired product was collected and lyophilized to give 6.0 mg Maleimide-tEB (4). 1H NMR (MeOD) δ (ppm) 2.17(s, 3H), 2.55 (s, 3H), 6.99 (s, 2H), 7.16 (d, 1H), 7.19 (d, 1H), 7,56 (dd, 1H), 7.63 (m, 3H), 7.97 (d, 1H), 8.00 (d, 1H), 8.70 (s, 1H). LC-MS: [M-H]- = 621.5282, calc: 622.0828.
To a solution of cys-40-Exendin-4 (6.3 mg) in 3 mL PBS buffer (pH 7.0) was added 2.0 mg of maleimide-tEB (Figure 1A). The mixture was stirred at room temperature and monitored with HPLC. After the completion of the reaction, the mixture was purified with semi-prep HPLC in 5 injections. The fractions containing the product were collected and lyophilized to give 7.2 mg of desired product, tEB-Exendin-4 (denoted as Abextide). The purity of Abextide was >97% based on the HPLC analysis. LC-MS: [MH]- =4911.00, calc: 4912.32.
The couplings of NOTA-NHS ester to the amines of Exendin-4 and Abextide were performed with similar procedures using DMSO as the solvent and DIPEA as the base. For a typical run, 2.0 mg of peptide in a 4 mL vial was dissolved in 0.3 mL of DMSO, followed by the addition of 5 μL of DIPEA and 1.3 mg of NOTA-NHS ester (~10 eq.). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature and monitored with an analytical HPLC. After all the starting peptide was consumed, the reaction mixture was diluted with 1 mL of water and purified with a semi-preparative HPLC running a linear gradient starting from 5% A (0.1% TFA in acetonitrile) and 95% B (0.1% TFA in water) for 5 min and increasing to 65% A at 35 min with a flow rate of 5 mL/min. The fractions containing the desired product (a mixture di-NOTA and tri-NOTA peptide) were collected and lyophilized to give 1.2 mg powder.
Albiglutide (TANZEUM, 30 mg/mL) was washed 4 times with water using a 30 KDa Centricon to remove buffers and small molecules from the original solution to a final concentration of 30 mg/100µL in water. For conjugation reaction with NOTA-NHS ester, only 10 µL of Albiglutide were used. To a solution of Albiglutide were added 20 eq. of NOTA-NHS ester dissolved in 100 µL dimethylsulfoxide and 1 mL of 0.1 M NaHCO3 (pH 8.4). The reaction was left over-night at 4 ºC. Unreacted NOTA was removed by 30 KDa centricon.
18F-SFB (~5 mCi in 0.5 mL methylene chloride) prepared using an automated synthesizer according to the published procedure was transferred to a 1 ml plastic tube and the solvent was evaporated with an argon flow. 18F-SFB in the tube was re-dissolved in 10 μl of acetonitrile and 0.5 mg of Exendin-4 in 0.3 ml 25 mM phosphate buffer (pH 8.5) was added to the tube. The mixture was injected onto a semi-prep HPLC after 10 min reaction at 37 °C. The radioactive peak (Rt = 23.2 min) was collected and radioactive product was trapped on a 100 mg Varian Bond Elut C18 column and washed with 10 ml water. The radioactivity trapped on the C18 column was eluted off with 0.3 ml of ethanol with 1 mM HCl. For Abextide and Albiglutide labeling, the similar procedure was used except that the Albiglutide product was purified using a PD 10 column.
For copper-64 labeling of NOTA-Exendin-4 and NOTA-Abextide, about 0.1 mg of NOTA conjugated peptide in 0.1 mL water were added 5 mCi of 64Cu in 400 mL of 0.4 M ammonium acetate buffer (pH 5.5). The mixture was heated at 80 °C for 10 min and the product was trapped on a 100 mg Varian Bond Elut C18 column and washed with 10 mL water. The product trapped on the C18 column was eluted off with 0.3 mL of ethanol with 1 mM HCl.
For copper-64 labeling of NOTA-Albiglutide, 64CuCl2 (2 mCi) was diluted in 200 μL of 0.4 M ammonium acetate buffer (pH 5.5) and added to 50-100 μg of NOTA conjugate. The reaction mixture was incubated for 1 h at 37 °C. 64Cu-NOTA-Albiglutide was purified by PD-10 column using PBS as the mobile phase. Complexation of 64Cu with the conjugated Albiglutide was monitored by radio-TLC.
Type 2 diabetic C57BL/6 db/db mice (male, 6-8 weeks old) were obtained from the Nanjing BioMedical Research Institute of Nanjing University (Nanjing, China). Normal BALB/c mice (females, 4-5 weeks old), weighing 18-20 g, were purchased from Harlan Laboratories. All animal studies were conducted in accordance with the principles and procedures outlined in the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health and Xiamen University. Animals were housed in groups of 5 under a 12-h light/dark cycle (lights on at 6 a.m.), allowed food and water ad libitum, and acclimatized for 2 weeks.
The INS-1 rat insulinoma cells were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) and grown in RPMI-1640 medium (Life Technologies, Grand Island, NY) which was supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, penicillin (100 IU/mL), and streptomycin (100 mg/mL) (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) and in a humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO2 at 37 °C. Cells were passaged three to four times per week.
Incubation was conducted with 96 well MultiScreen filter plates (Millipore, MA). For each well, the reaction volume was 200 µl containing 2 x 105 cells, 200 nCi (7.4 kBq) of 18F-Exendin-4 and 0-500 nM of unlabeled Exendin-4 or Abextide. The plate was incubated for 45 min on a shaker at room temperature. After incubation, cells were washed three times with RPMI medium. Cell bound membranes were dried and isolated. The radioactivity was measured using a gamma counter (1480 Wizard 3, Perkin-Elmer). Binding results were expressed as percent of total counts, IC50 values were calculated using Prism software (GraphPad Software Inc., La Jolla, CA).
All the PET scans were conducted with an Inveon small-animal PET scanner (Siemens Preclinical Solution). Mice were anesthetized with mixtures of 1 ml/min O2 and 1.5% isoflurane and kept warm with a heating pad thermostat during the imaging. All data acquisitions were initiated immediately before the tracer injections. For dynamic PET imaging, the duration of a scan was 60 min. A catheter was placed in the tail vein before each scan for tracer administration. About 3.7 MBq (100 μCi) of 18F-Exendin-4, 18F-Albiglutide or 18F-Abextide was injected through the catheter immediately after the scan was started (n = 4/group). The reconstruction frames were 1×5, 1×25, 9×30, 5×120, and 10×240 s. After the 60 min dynamic scan, all mice underwent 10-min static PET scans at 120 min post-injection (p.i.).
For the subcutaneous injection study, 1.5-1.85 MBq (40-50 μCi) of 64Cu-Exendin-4, 64Cu-Albiglutide or 64Cu-Abextide was diluted in 30-50 μl of saline solution, then injected into the loose skin over the left hind limb (n = 4/group). Each injection was given into the fat layer between the skin and muscle. Static PET scans were acquired at 1, 2, 4, 24, 48 and 72 h after tracer injection. The acquisition time was 5 min at 1, 2 and 4 h p.i., and was 10, 15 and 20 min at 24, 48 and 72h p.i.
The images were reconstructed using a 3-dimensional ordered subset expectation maximum (OSEM) algorithm, and no correction was applied for attenuation or scatter. For each scan, regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn using vendor software (ASI Pro 5.2.4.0; Siemens Medical Solutions) on decay-corrected whole-body coronal images. The radioactivity concentrations (accumulation) within the tumor and heart were obtained from mean pixel values within the multiple ROI volumes and then converted to megabecquerel per milliliter. These values were then divided by the administered activity to obtain (assuming a tissue density of 1 g/ml) an image-ROI-derived percentage injected dose per gram (%ID/g).
Immediately after 64Cu-Exendin-4, 64Cu-Albiglutide or 64Cu-Abextide PET imaging at 72 h p.i., the mice were sacrificed and dissected. Blood, major organs, and tissues were collected and wet-weighed. The radioactivity in the wet whole tissue was measured with a γ-counter (Packard). The results were expressed as percentage of injected dose per gram of tissue (%ID/g) for a group of 4 animals. For each mouse, the radioactivity of the tissue samples was calibrated against a known aliquot of the injected radiotracer and normalized to a body mass of 20 g. Values were expressed as mean ± SD (n = 4/group).
Hypoglycemic efficacies of Exendin-4 analogues were investigated using an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) in male db/db mice (6-7 weeks old). Under non-fasting conditions with free access to food and water, animals received a single subcutaneous injection of saline, Exendin-4 or Abextide (25 nmol/kg body weight, n = 3/group). Blood glucose levels were then monitored using a convenient blood glucose meter (ACCU-CHEK Sensor, Roche Diagnostics Corp., USA). At predetermined times (0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 h), blood samples were collected from tail vein of each animal and blood glucose levels were measured as mentioned above. Hypoglycemic durations to a blood glucose level of <8.35 nM (150 mg/dL) were checked.
The pharmacokinetic profiles of subcutaneously administered Exendin-4 or Abextide were evaluated by using a previously described method . The animals were randomly divided into two groups and Exendin-4 or Abextide (25 nmol/kg) was administered. Blood samples, drawn at predetermined times, were placed in ice-cold polyethylene tubes which contained anticoagulant (heparin solution, 1/100 volume of blood). After that, plasma samples were obtained by centrifugation and stored at -70°C until required for assay. Amount of Exendin-4 or Abextide in plasma was measured by commercial Exendin-4 EIA kits (Phoenix Biotech., USA).
Quantitative data were expressed as mean ± SD. Means were compared using one-way analysis of variance and Student's t test. P value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
The GLP-1 receptor-binding affinities of Abextide were compared with Exendin-4 on INS-1 cells. The cell binding affinities of exendin-4 and Abextide for GLP-1R were measured using competitive displacement studies with 18F-Exendin-4 as the radioligand and plotted in sigmoid curves. As shown in Figure 1B, compared with exendin-4, Abextide shows similar high binding affinity with GLP-1R (0.21±0.08 vs 0.18 ± 0.06 nM). The comparable IC50 values between exendin-4 and Abextide suggested that EB conjugation did not comprise the binding affinity of the exendin-4 peptide.
The procedure for radiolabeling of Exendin-4, Abextide and Albiglutide with 18F-SFB was indicated in Figure 1C. The radiochemical yield for 18F-exendin-4, 18F-Abextide and 18F-Albiglutide was around 34%, 28% and 70%, respectively, with a total synthesis and work-up time of 2-3 h. A single peak was detected on thin-layer chromatography, and the radiochemical purity was greater than 95% based on HPLC analysis. To facilitate radioactive copper labeling of the three compounds, we synthesized NOTA-Exendin-4, NOTA-Abextide and NOTA-Albiglutide in 2 steps as shown in Figure 1D. Labeling of NOTA-exendin-4, NOTA-Abextide and NOTA-Albiglutide with 64Cu took 20-30 min, with a radiochemical yield of 34%, 71% and 95%, respectively.
The in vivo distribution pattern of 18F-Abexide was evaluated with dynamic PET in healthy BALB/C mice (through intravenous injection). For comparison, we also labeled Exendin-4 and Albiglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 dimer fused to human albumin with a half-life of four to seven days . As shown in Figure 2A, at early time points (at 1 min p.i.), 18F-exendin-4 presented an initial distribution in the circulation system, indicated by relative high tracer accumulation in heart and liver region. The compound was cleared out very quickly through the urinary tract, demonstrated by the high accumulation of radioactivity in kidneys and bladder. After 60 min, the background signal from other part of the whole body was extremely low.
However, the distribution pattern of 18F-Abextide is dramatically different from that of 18F-exendin-4. With the EB moiety, the compound could bind with serum albumin after i.v. injection. Consequently, very strong radioactive signal could be observed over the heart and major vessel regions, even at 2 h post injection (18F-Abextide vs. 18F-Exendin-4, 15.92±0.40 %ID/g vs. 0.94±0.04 %ID/g, P<0.01). The time-activity curves (TACs) showed the fast clearance of 18F-Exendin-4, but not 18F-Abextide, through the kidneys (Figure 2B). Regarding GLP-1-HSA fusion protein Albiglutide, it showed a similar distribution patter as compared to 18F-Abextide (Figure 2C). The blood TACs from 18F-Albiglutide showed slightly less but nonsignificant decline rates as compared to those from 18F-Abextide (-0.14 ± 0.05 vs. -0.15 ± 0.01, P > 0.05) (Figure 2D). Furthermore, we also noticed that 18F-Albiglutide showed higher tracer uptake in the liver but similar uptake in the kidney as compared to 18F-Abextide (Figure 2E-F).
In the next step, we move forward to evaluate the in vivo distribution pattern of Abexide after subcutaneous administration. In order to cover the whole process of drug release from the injection site, a radionuclide with longer physical half-life (Copper-64, t1/2=12.6 h) was used to labeled all three compounds, which were given into the fat layer over the left hind legs of healthy BALB/c mice. As shown in Figure 3A-C, native Exendin-4 was released from the injection site very fast with most of the activity cleared out within 24 h. Both Abextide and Albiglutide showed much slower migration from the injection site, demonstrated by the gradually reduced radioactivity from 1 h to 72 h. As for quantification, within the first 2 h and between 48 and 72 h, the drug residue at the injection site showed no significant difference between Abextide and Albiglutide, quantified by the percentage of the total injected dose (%ID) (Figure 3D). Albiglutide had somewhat higher residual amount than Abextide at 4 h and 24 h time points.
(A) Synthesis of Abextide. (B) Cell binding assay of Exendin-4 and Abextide with INS-1 cells overexpressing glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R). The IC50 values were determined to be 0.21 ± 0.08 nM and 0.18 ± 0.06 nM for Exendin-4 and Abextide, respectively. (C) Radiolabeling of Abextide with F-18. (D) Radiolabeling Abextide with Cu-64.
(A-C) Whole-body PET images (series of maximum-intensity-projection) of healthy BALB/c mice at different time points after tail vein injection of 3.7-7.4 MBq of 18F-Exendin-4 (A), 18F-Albiglutide (B) or 18F-Abextide (C). The highest scale is 20 %ID/g and the lowest scale is 0 %ID/g. (D-F) Time-activity curves of blood (D), liver (E) and kidneys (F) quantified based on PET images (n = 4/group).
With respect to the in vivo distribution patterns of the three compounds after subcutaneous injection, Abextide and Albiglutide showed similar blood TACs, which peaked at 4 h p.i. and reduced gradually over time. The blood TACs of Exendin-4 also showed a similar trend, but with a much lower magnitude (Figure 3E). The ex vivo biodistribution assay was also performed to confirm the reliability of the imaging quantification (Figure 3G).
The time vs. blood concentration curves of exendin-4 and Abextide after subcutaneous injection were plotted in Figure 4A. The pharmacokinetic parameters of extendin-4 and Abextide were summarized in Table 1. As shown in Figure 4A and Table 1, subcutaneously administered Exendin-4 was rapidly removed from the circulation with a t1/2 of 5.16 ± 5.23h, whereas the t1/2 of Abextide was 36.28 ± 7.01 h, resulting in a 7-fold greater time than that of native exendin-4. Furthermore, its AUCinf value (3533.70 ± 236.45 ng/mL*h) was 18 times greater than that of native Exendin-4 (193.21 ± 40.98 ng/mL*h).
The hypoglycemic effects of exendin-4 and Abextide were examined in db/db mice. At a dose of 25 nmol/kg, as shown in Figure 4B, the lowest glucose level (4.25±0.21 mM) in Abextide treated mice was slightly lower, albeit insignificantly, than in exendin-4 treated mice (5.55±0.64 mM). However, the hypoglycemic duration in Abextide treated mice was much greater, the time required to rebound to a glucose level of 8.35 mM (a blood glucose level below 8.35 mM was regarded as normal) was 36 h as compared to 10 h for Exendin-4 treated mice (Figure 4C).
Pharmacokinetic parameters of native Extendin-4 and Abextide after subcutaneous administration to SD rats.
(A) Time vs. blood concentration curves of Exendin-4 and Abextide after subcutaneous injection determined by a commercial EIA kit (n=4/group). (B) Hypoglycemic efficacies of Exendin-4 and Abextide (n = 3/group). (C) The cut-off line was set at 8.35 mM (150 mg/dL) since the euglycemic duration under that value is considered a practical indication of the potential for antidiabetic treatment. The time required to rebound to a glucose level of 8.35 mM was 36 h for Abextide as compared to 10 h for exendin-4 treated mice.
So far, there are several albumin binding moieties available such as albumin binding domain, albumin binding peptide or fatty acids . For example, a recombinant fusion of the albumin binding domain from streptococcal protein G to human complement receptor type 1 increased its half-life 3 times to 5 h in rats . Albumin binding peptide SA21 fused to the anti-tissue factor D3H44 Fab increased its half-life 37-fold to 32.4 h in rabbits and 26-fold to 10.4 h in mice . In another example, when exendin-4 was modified with fatty acids to promote association with albumin, an extended therapeutic effect was observed when injected subcutaneously in mice . However, the big molecular size and/or unfavorable hydrophobicity of these albumin binding moieties will compromise target recognition and therapeutic efficacy of the drugs. As an alternative, we conjugated the biomolecule with our newly developed small molecule, truncated Evans blue (tEB), which was proved to be highly albumin binding [27-29]. The proof-of-concept was demonstrated by using the anti-diabetic drug Exendin-4. The tEB-conjugated drug candidate was denoted as Abextide. Due to the small molecular size of the tEB, it does not inhibit the biological function of the drug molecule. Indeed, in vitro receptor binding assay using INS-1 cells demonstrated that Abextide had similarly high GLP-1R binding affinity as compared to Exendin-4 (0.21 ± 0.08 vs. 0.18 ± 0.06 nM) (Figure 1B).
The high concentration of albumin in plasma guarantees the complexation of tEB with albumin after intravenous administration of Abextide. We evaluated the in vivo distribution pattern of Abextide using positron emission tomography (PET), a non-invasive function imaging technology that has been widely used to monitor the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs and biologics . As expected, very strong radioactive signal could be observed over the heart region, even at 2 h post injection. Due to the complexation with serum albumin, Abextide showed a similar distribution patterns as the macromolecular drug Albiglutide. However, Abextide showed advantage over Albiglutide with less liver accumulation, probably due to fact that Abextide did not interrupt the physiological behavior of the endogenous albumin after complexation. Even at 2 h p.i., the 18F-Abextide uptake in blood is still nearly 20%ID/g, confirming the long-lasting bioavailability of this EB conjugate. The results also suggest that functionalized EB can be used as the albumin binding moiety to increase the blood circulation half-life of other drug candidates as well.
In most cases, the anti-diabetic drugs based on stimulation of insulin secretion, GLP-1 and Exendin-4 are administered subcutaneously instead of being intravenously injection , so we moved forward to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of Abextide after subcutaneous administration. All of the three compounds were labeled with a radionuclide with longer physical half-life (Copper-64, t1/2=12.6 h) to cover the whole process of drug release from the injection site. Both Abextide and Albiglutide showed much slower migration from the injection site (Figure 3). The underlying mechanism of uptake is that Abextide binds with albumin in the interstitial fluid as does the macromolecule as Albiglutide. However, Albiglutide had somewhat higher residual amount than Abextide at 4 h and 24 h time points and the exact reason will need further investigation.
Besides the non-invasive imaging method, we also evaluated the pharmacokinetic parameters of Abextide and Exendin-4 via traditional sample collection and commercial Exendin-4 EIA kits measurement after subcutaneous administration, which were summarized in Figure 4A and Table 1. Similar to PET quantification, the in vivo pharmacokinetic profile of Abextide after subcutaneous injection was obviously better than that of exendin-4. Furthermore, the concentration of Abextide in the circulation was twice than that of exendin-4. More importantly, the hypoglycemic duration of Abextide in db/db mice was greatly prolonged as compared to native Exendin-4. A blood glucose level below 8.35 mM (150 mg/dL) was regarded as normal, and the euglycemic duration under that value is considered a practical indication of the potential for antidiabetic treatment. The administration of Abextide sustained normal glycemia for 3.6 times longer than native Exendin-4 (Figure 4C). It is well known that drug clearance in humans will be much slower than that in rodents, and thus, the antidiabetic duration of Abextide may be substantially longer than 36 h in human than in db/db mice in the present study. Therefore, Abextide has great potential to be used as a long-lasting anti-diabetic drug.
In conclusion, Abextide can be easily synthesized with high yield and high purity; in addition tEB conjugation does not compromise the binding affinity of Exendin-4. Abextide was found to have greatly improved in vivo distribution pattern, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics compared to Exendin-4 in healthy BALB/c or diabetic rodent models. This enhanced in vivo performance of Abextide is mostly due to albumin-binding property through tEB conjugation. Based on these results, we believe that Abextide has considerable pharmaceutical potential as a treatment for type 2 diabetes. This strategy of tEB conjugation also holds potential to be applied to other small molecules and biologics for the development of long-acting therapeutic drugs.
The authors gratefully acknowledge the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81471684 and 81371596) and the Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health. Haojun Chen was partially funded by the China Scholarship Council (CSC). | 2019-04-24T14:07:18Z | http://thno.org/v06p0243.htm |
Here is a life hack: find (BBQ tofu) taco-loving people and surround yourself with them. Then you can have Taco Tuesday all week long, and you will have SO. MUCH. FUN. Your taste buds will be pretty dang happy all the time, too.
I’m pretty obsessed with tacos these days, and with spring and summer on their way, I’ll definitely be creating lots more recipes of this sort. You can also check out my other taco recipes: Pulled Sweet Potato Tacos and Ethiopian Berbere Lentil Tacos!
And I know that pulled jackfruit is all the rage, but tofu has this little thing going for it that jackfruit doesn’t, and that is the fact that tofu is packed with complete protein! As I’ve said previously, I try to include all protein, fat, and carbs in balanced proportions in my recipes, and that is why I went with tofu. While tofu is typically prepared in cubes or triangles, why not grate it to simulate pulled meat? It works!
In life news, I think something has finally clicked in my half-marathon training. After months of struggling, running is starting to feel somewhat effortless again. It’s hard to believe that my first race of 2019 is in 19 days. I can’t wait! I love taking the train to Toronto, and having a race is the perfect excuse to eat at all of my favourite vegan restaurants and take in some of Toronto’s sights, like the waterfront, High Park, and its many vibrant neighbourhoods. 🙂 I also just finished watching the Boston Marathon, and my resolve to qualify for 2020 is stronger than ever. Let’s go!
These tacos are crave-worthy! Pulled tofu cooked in an addictive barbecue sauce, roasted butternut squash, grapefruit cabbage slaw, and citrus avocado sauce combine to knock Taco Tuesday out of the park!
Preheat oven to 400 F and line a large baking sheet with parchment paper. Place the butternut squash on the baking sheet and drizzle with olive oil. Sprinkle with salt and pepper and roast for 35-40 minutes, or until fork tender and crispy.
Press the tofu if desired (I skipped this step and it turned out perfectly, but pressing the tofu will result in a firmer texture).
Grate the tofu on a cheese grater and set aside until ready to use. Heat the olive oil in a large skillet over medium heat. Chop the onion, mince the garlic, and add it to the skillet. Cook, stirring occasionally, for five minutes. Add the salt, pepperto taste, and the paprika.
Whisk together the barbecue sauce, Dijon mustard, tamari, hot sauce, and Worcestershire sauce in a medium bowl. Add the tofu to the skillet, followed by the barbecue sauce mixture. Cook over medium heat, stirring occasionally, for 10 minutes, or until most of the liquid has been absorbed. Cover and set aside until ready to eat.
To make the Grapefruit Cabbage Slaw, place the cabbage, grapefruit, and cilantro into a medium bowl. Measure the olive oil, lime juice, apple cider vinegar, garlic, maple syrup, salt, and pepper into a glass jar, screw the lid on tight, and shake vigorously to combine. Pour the dressing onto the slaw and toss to coat.
To make the Avocado Citrus Sauce, place all ingredients into the jar of a blender and blend until smooth. Transfer into a glass container and cover until ready to serve.
Warm the tortillas if desired. To serve, divide squash, tofu, slaw, sauce, and cilantro evenly among eight tortillas. Garnish with additional hot sauce, if desired.
If you make these BBQ pulled tofu tacos and post them on Instagram, be sure to tag me @holisticallie and #holisticallie so I can see!
As I write, the intoxicating aroma of freshly baked spelt bread wafts out of the oven. I’m sipping on my salted caramel latte and listening to a beautiful folk/indie playlist. The sun is shining onto the kitchen table. I feel completely content in this moment.
This winter, I have made a conscious effort to slow down. I’d preached it for years, but never fully stepped into the space myself. Every time I dipped my toes into the waters of slow living, guilt would creep up on me. I always felt that I had to be working hard at something in order to be worthy approval from both myself and others.
Now, I fully recognize that not everyone has the means to live this way. I am lucky that I have a light course load that allows me to schedule my days with as much or as little work as I please. I was able to save some money last year, alleviating the need for me to work while in school this semester. There’s no denying that there are complex social and economic forces at play when it comes to determining who can afford the luxury of slow living. How ironic is it that what was once the norm-a life lived at a natural pace- is now thought of as a luxury that only a select few have time and money for?
If you can afford to take even an hour for yourself this weekend, I can’t recommend doing so enough. And what better accompaniment than this drink?
My salted caramel latte could not be easier to make: you can whip it up in far less time than it would take to buy one at the local coffee shop. It’s more economical, too, as well as being made with whole food ingredients like dates and almond butter. Yes, you can have a rich, decadent-tasting caramel latte without the sugar crash afterwards.
This drink pairs perfectly with my weekly roundup of reads/videos below!
A giant dam in the Ecuadorian jungle, financed and built by China, was supposed to help lift the country out of poverty. Instead, it has engulfed the country in debt.
Vandana Shiva urges us to decolonize the mind and wrap our heads around a regenerative agricultural model. Definitely worth watching.
The calming effect of sewing can help relieve inner turmoil.
A comprehensive guide to freezing food in glass jars. I’m definitely bookmarking this!
A healthy salted caramel latte made with dates, almond butter, almond milk, and strong coffee or espresso.
Warm the almond milk in a small saucepan over medium heat until hot, whisking occasionally.
Place almond butter, date, coconut oil, vanilla, salt, and cinnamon into a blender. Add hot coffee and almond milk. Blend until very smooth and creamy. Wait 20 seconds to allow froth to form on top before pouring into a mug. Enjoy!
If you make this latte, tag me #holisticallie and @holisticallie on Instagram!
Yeah, I get it. Weekend’s over. But what if I told you the fun doesn’t have to end on Sunday? What if you had legitimately meaty burgers to look forward to at dinner tomorrow night?
My intention was to share this recipe on Tuesday, in keeping with my new Tuesday/Thursday/Saturday posting schedule. But given the amount of interest you expressed in my teaser post on Instagram a couple of days ago, I felt like keeping this recipe from you any longer would be a sin.
A couple years back, I recall sharing a video on Facebook about a certain plant burger that “bleeds” beet juice. Naturally, it garnered a fair amount of interest.
That burger was the now-famous Beyond Meat burger. And while I can appreciate the difference that Beyond Meat is making in the fast food industry, I also couldn’t help but wonder if it would be that difficult to create a recipe for a homemade version that looks and tastes just as “meaty,” but with fewer processed ingredients.
To my delight, it wasn’t difficult at all. And here, my friends, is the delicious result of my long-simmering idea.
The secret to a meaty veggie burger, it turns out, is a tempeh and chickpea base combined with a flavourful beet puree, amped up with my favourite flavour makers: tamari, Dijon mustard, Worcestershire sauce, and barbecue sauce. The binding agents here are ground walnuts (or any nut or seed you have on hand) and flax.
While they don’t ‘bleed’ beet juice, the beet puree certainly adds a red hue, reminiscent of red meat, to these delicious burgers.
Making these burgers couldn’t be easier. As long as you have a food processor, they come together seamlessly.
While self-promotion has never really been my forte, I do believe that this recipe will change your life, and I really can’t come up with a reason for you not to make it.
Meaty beet, tempeh, and chickpea burgers that come together quickly. Delicious on their own or on a bun with all the fixings. Best accompanied by sweet potato fries and craft beer!
Whisk together flax and water in a small dish and set aside to thicken. Place the walnuts in a food processor fitted with the S blade and process until ground into a meal. Empty walnuts into a large mixing bowl.
Place the tempeh and chickpeas in the food processor and pulse until crumbly. Do not over-process: you want the burgers to have some texture! Add the tempeh and chickpeas to the bowl with the walnuts, along with the flax egg, onion, and garlic.
Place the chopped beet, barbecue sauce, Dijon mustard, tamari or soy sauce, Worcestershire sauce, and hot sauce in the food processor. Process until smooth (the beets might not be completely pureed, but this is okay).
Pour the beet mixture over top of the other ingredients in the bowl. Add the cumin, smoked paprika, and salt and pepper (I added 1/4 tsp of salt and a few generous grinds of pepper). Stir to combine.
Using a 1/2-cup measure, divide the mixture into 6 equal patties.
Bake for 30 minutes, or until crispy around the edges.
Serve on buns with vegan cheese, pickles, tomato, lettuce, mustard, and additional barbecue sauce. These burgers are best accompanied by baked sweet potato fries and your favourite craft beer!
If you make these burgers, tag me with #holisticallie and @holisticallie on Instagram! Enjoy!
Welcome to a new feature on Holistic Allie! “Slow Rise Saturdays” will include a healthy drink recipe and a roundup of reads that I’ve found interesting throughout the week. I might even include some recipes from other vegan blogs that have caught my eye!
I’ve been enjoying Gena’s “Weekend Reading” posts on The Full Helping blog and Laura’s “Happy Hour” posts on The First Mess blog for quite some time now, and I feel inspired to start a similar feature on my own site.
One of the biggest challenges with food blogging is finding a way to weave a personal narrative–or anything unrelated to the food at hand, for that matter–into a recipe post. I’m hoping that this weekly feature will allow me to connect a little bit more with you, my readers. As much as I enjoy writing about food, I also want to build a community in this little corner of the internet. I hope that you’ll join me in taking some time to slow down, sip on a tasty drink, and savour some good reads on Saturday mornings.
-Oslo University Hospital is taking “Nature is the best medicine” to the next level, opening an outdoor care centre.
-I’ve read some interesting coverage about the Green New Deal this week. This article stood out: Hundreds of young protesters confronted Senator Mitch McConnell for “lining your pockets while we die in floods” and demanded climate action.
A subtly spiced smoothie with banana, blueberries, and almond butter.
Add all ingredients to a high speed blender and blend until smooth. Divide between two glasses and serve.
If you make this recipe, tag #holisticallie and @holisticallie on Instagram!
This chili recipe is a classic that I hope you will turn to again and again to warm your belly and nourish your soul. I know it’s been keeping me cozy and happy in these final weeks of winter here in Canada.
I got to thinking last week about some of my favourite childhood dishes (see my fudge pie), and one that stood out was a sweet potato and kidney bean chili on polenta from Rose Reisman Vegetarian Cooking. I requested that chili often for the entire winter of grade 6. While that cookbook has long since found a new home, I have never forgotten about my beloved chili.
I was surprised by how many of you responded in the affirmative when I took a poll on Instagram a couple of weekends ago to gauge interest in a chili recipe. I guess we’re all still in need of some winter comfort food!
Knowing that I wanted to keep this within the realm of a weeknight meal, I’ve kept the prep time and ingredient list short. The chili really only needs about 10 minutes of active prep and 30 minutes of cooking. It makes 4 large or 6 moderate servings, and can be accompanied by quinoa, avocado, nacho chips, cilantro, lime juice, cashew sour cream, pickled jalapenos, cornbread… the sky really is the limit with this versatile recipe.
Even though the ingredient list is short, this chili has complex flavours thanks to plenty of onion and garlic, fire-roasted tomatoes, smoked paprika, chili powder, cumin, and coriander. A couple tablespoons of maple syrup mellows the acidity of the tomatoes and really rounds out the dish.
What I love most about this chili is that it’s thick and stew-like. Sweet potatoes add heft to the dish, which makes this recipe friendly to all eaters– even those bean skeptics.
I think that this recipe works perfectly with kidney beans, but it is open to experimentation. You could use cooked green lentils, black beans, or pinto beans with equally delicious results.
Make this chili for a crowd, or make it on the weekend for easy lunches throughout the week. However you choose to enjoy it, I hope that it keeps you warm and cozy through this final six week stretch of winter. We’re almost there!
A thick, hearty vegan chili made with warming spices, kidney beans, and sweet potato. Smoky, flavourful, and rich in protein and fibre, it’s the perfect plant-based meal for cold nights.
Heat the oil in a large Dutch oven pot over medium heat. Add the onions, garlic, and salt and saute until lightly browned, about 5 minutes. Season with plenty of freshly ground black pepper. Add the red pepper and spices and cook 3 minutes more.
Next, add the sweet potato, tomatoes, kidney beans, broth, and maple syrup. Turn heat up to high and bring chili to a rolling simmer, stirring often.
Turn heat down to medium-low and cook, stirring occasionally, until sweet potato is fork-tender, about 25 minutes. Taste and add additional seasonings, if desired: salt, pepper, or spices. Flavours deepen the longer it sits, so feel free to make this ahead of time.
Serve in bowls with desired toppings: quinoa, avocado, cilantro, lime juice, cashew sour cream, and pickled jalapenos.
Make ahead: This recipe keeps for at least five days in the refrigerator.
You can find a recipe for cashew sour cream recipe here: https://cookieandkate.com/2018/vegan-sour-cream-recipe/.
If you try this recipe, let me know! Leave a comment below, and be sure to tag #holisticallie on Instagram!
I love fudge pie, and I cannot lie.
This recipe takes its inspiration from a certain nostalgic childhood treat: mud pie. Growing up, it was my favourite dessert. As I recall, my family’s recipe featured an Oreo cookie crumb crust, a whipped topping filling, and gummy candy adornments. So sweet, but so good. Oh, to be a kid again!
These days, my preference is for food that’s free from animal products and a tad more redeeming from a nutritional standpoint, but no less delicious.
I set out on a mission to re-create mud pie in plant-powerful fashion, and the result is tastier than the original and (surprise!) secretly healthy. Whether or not you reveal to your dinner guests the last point is entirely up to you. What matters is that you make this now.
This vegan fudge pie features just a handful of ingredients. The base is a simple press-in crust made with rice crisp cereal, coconut nectar or brown rice syrup, cocoa, coconut oil, and a pinch of salt. The filling is made with avocado, Medjool dates, melted dark chocolate, maple syrup, cocoa, almond milk, vanilla extract, salt, and arrowroot.
After a quick freeze, you can top it with an optional almond butter “caramel” drizzle. Or, you can add coconut whipped cream and berries. The choice is yours.
I have a feeling this would be a hit at a dinner party, especially if there are kids present! It would also be a fun date night dessert. You could even forego the crust entirely and serve the chocolate/avocado filling in small bowls garnished with berries and coconut whip for a fudge pudding treat.
Combine the coconut nectar or brown rice syrup, coconut oil, cocoa, and salt in a small saucepan over low heat, whisking occasionally, until melted.
Place the rice crisp cereal in a mixing bowl and pour the melted coconut nectar mixture on top. Stir to coat the cereal.
Lightly grease a 9-inch pie plate with coconut oil and line it with parchment paper. Make sure that there is sufficient parchment paper to allow you to lift the pie out of the pan later.
Pour the prepared rice crisp cereal crust into the prepared pie plate. Place another piece of parchment paper on top and flatten the crust with your hands. Place the crust in the freezer to chill while you prepare the filling.
Prepare the filling: Place all ingredients EXCEPT the melted dark chocolate into a food processor. Process until very smooth. It may take up to five minutes for the dates to blend, so be patient.
Add the melted dark chocolate and process again until smooth. By this point, you should have a luscious mixture similar in consistency to a thick chocolate pudding.
Remove the crust from the freezer and scoop the filling on top. Smooth with a spoon and place in the freezer for 1.5 hours.
Prepare the maple-almond butter topping: In a small saucepan, melt the coconut oil over low heat. Whisk in the almond butter, maple syrup, vanilla, and sea salt. Remove the pie from the freezer and drizzle the topping all over.
Freeze for an additional 30 minutes, or until ready to serve.
Remove the pie from the freezer 5-10 minutes before serving. Carefully remove it from the pan and place on an even surface for slicing. Cut into 8 even slices and serve.
-This pie freezes beautifully. Keep it in a covered container for up to two weeks.
-Crust adapted from Oh She Glows.
*I soaked the pitted Medjool dates in hot water for about 15 minutes before proceeding with the recipe. If your dates are on the hard side, I recommend soaking them in hot water for at least 15 minutes and draining them before you make this recipe. This helps the dates blend easily!
**Arrowroot starch seems to help this filling maintain its mousse-like texture, even when frozen. I wouldn’t recommend skipping it unless you are unable to find it!
If you make this, tag it #holisticallie and @holisticallie on Instagram!
If you’ve been following this blog since the beginning, it’s probably become clear that I have a thing for orange vegetables (see here, here, here, and here). It probably also comes as no surprise that one of my favourite things in the world is ‘veganizing’ or putting a healthier spin on comfort food.
Today, I combined my two passions into one plant-powerful nacho plate. Behold my mighty Sweet Potato Nachos!
I don’t know what got into me this morning, but boy, I had a precise vision for how I wanted these nachos to turn out, and I am happy to say that I nailed them on my first attempt! You know what they say… When life hands you sweet potatoes, make nachos. Heh heh heh.
While the sweet potatoes are baking, you whip together a raw hemp nacho ‘cheese’ sauce and gather the other toppings: thinly sliced cabbage, cilantro, black beans, salsa, avocado, and mango.
Once the sweet potatoes are ready, you transfer them to a serving platter and gussy them up with all your toppings. Fancy, fancy.
These nachos serve 3-4 as a main dish, and 6-8 as an appetizer. They make an excellent weekend lunch or hors d’oeuvre, and thanks to the beans, sweet potato, avocado, and hemp sauce, they are nutritionally balanced, providing lots of complex carbohydrates, protein, and healthy fat. Healthy nachos? It doesn’t get much better than that!
If you make this recipe, tag it with #holisticallie and @holisticallie on Instagram!
This healthy vegan spin on nachos is the perfect winter comfort food dish! This recipe replaces the typical chips with thinly sliced roasted sweet potato rounds that are dressed with a hemp ‘cheese’ sauce, avocado, black beans, vegetables, and salsa.
Wash and dry the sweet potatoes. Leave peels on. Slice as thinly as possible and place in a large bowl. Drizzle with the olive oil and toss to coat.
Spread sweet potato in a single layer on the baking sheets. Depending on the size of your pans, you may need to bake them in two batches.
Bake sweet potato for 20-30 minutes, or until crisp and curling up around the edges. Some of them will start resembling chips as they bake.
While the sweet potatoes are baking, prepare the hemp ‘cheese’ sauce: Place all ingredients in a blender and blend until very smooth and creamy. Transfer into a container and set aside until ready to use.
Once sweet potato chips are finished baking, transfer them to a large serving platter. Top with cabbage, avocado, cilantro, salsa, black beans, mango (if using) and hemp nacho ‘cheese’ sauce.
Divide among serving plates and enjoy.
Have a lovely, lively weekend, and I’ll be back soon with another winter comfort food dish involving pasta and tempeh meatballs. Until then, be well and enjoy these nachos!
Oh hi, friends! I’m so excited to share my favourite blondie recipe with you just in time for the holidays! This dessert only takes 20 minutes to whip up and is so intensely craveable, you’ll be making it all year round!
What the heck is a blondie, you may ask? Think brownie, minus the chocolate batter. I like to think of them as blonde brownies. What the batter lacks in cocoa, it makes up for in the chocolate chunks that adorn every square inch of this dessert!
They’re sweet (but not tooth-achingly so), rich (but not over the top), and satisfying. Sweetened with coconut sugarand made with wholesome ingredients like flax, oat flour, cashew butter, and fair trade organic dark chocolate, they’re even rather redeeming from a nutritional standpoint—at least more so than the average dessert on offer at this time of the year.
So flatter your family and impress your friends with your vegan baking prowess. Only you and I have to know how easy and fuss-free it truly is to make a blondie.
First of all, you’ll whip together a flax egg. To the flax egg, you’ll add cashew butter, coconut sugar, and melted coconut oil (or butter if not vegan), and almond milk. Add some vanilla extract to enhance the flavour.
Next, you’ll whisk together oat flour, baking soda, and sea salt.
Add your dry ingredients to your wet ingredients and stir.
Lastly, you’ll sprinkle on the most important ingredient of all: chopped dark chocolate!
The hardest step is waiting for it to bake and set before slicing and biting into pure blondie nirvana.
You know you want it. Go get it.
These chocolate chunk cashew butter blondies are rich, fudgey, and decadent, while also being gluten-free and vegan! There’s nothing better on a cold winter day than one of these blondies and a steaming cup of Earl Grey tea.
Preheat oven to 350 F (180 C) and line a 8×8-inch square baking dish with parchment paper. Note that I have not attempted to make this recipe in a 9×9-inch dish, so do so at your own risk!
Whisk together ground flax and water in a large mixing bowl. Let stand for five minutes to thicken.
In a medium bowl, whisk together the dry ingredients. Pour dry ingredients over the wet ingredients and stir vigorously to combine.
Spoon the prepared dough into your pan. Wet your hands and press the dough into the corners of the pan. You want a flat, even layer.
Bake for 20 minutes, or until firm to the touch and golden.
Cool in the pan for 20 minutes before lifting out. Cool on a rack for an additional 10 minutes before transferring to the refrigerator and allowing it to cool fully before slicing into 9-12 squares.
Blondies will keep in a covered container in the refrigerator for at least one week.
Things will likely be pretty quiet around here for the next week, but you can stay in touch with me via Instagram! And if you make this recipe, don’t forget to tag #holisticallie on social media so that we can see your delicious creations!
As promised, here is my cranberry swirl loaf recipe! This quick bread is perfect as a holiday breakfast, snack, or dessert. It comes together in under 30 minutes, including the cranberry cooking time. The maple syrup flavour really shines through here, as does the unique nuttiness of the spelt flour. As it bakes, the cranberry swirl begins to crystallize on the top, creating a crispy exterior with a soft, chewy interior. Furthermore, this recipe takes advantage of a few of my favourite Canadian products: cranberries, pure maple syrup, and spelt flour!
I am a bread/loaf lover through and through. Banana bread has its time and place, to be sure, but if you are a fiend for gluten such as myself, a diversification of loaf options becomes necessary rather quickly. You can, of course, substitute your favourite gluten-free flour blend for the spelt flour called for in this recipe. And, while I have only made this recipe with eggs, I am fairly certain that you will be able to make this recipe vegan by using 2 flax eggs (1 flax egg=1 tbsp ground flaxseed + 3 tbsp water). Please let me know if you try it!
This loaf is delightful with a generous smear of almond butter for breakfast, or with a steaming mug of chai for an afternoon pick-me-up!
However and whenever you choose to eat this loaf, I hope that you LOVE it. If you make it, don’t forget to tag me on Instagram: @holisticallie and #holisticallie.
This cranberry swirl loaf is the perfect seasonal snack! A cranberry compote is swirled throughout the interior of the loaf, which crystallizes as it bakes. Naturally sweetened with maple syrup and coconut sugar and made with spelt flour and coconut oil, this luxurious quick bread is healthy enough to eat for breakfast!
Make the cranberry compote: Combine cranberries and maple syrup in a medium saucepan over medium heat. Once cranberries begin to pop, turn down heat to medium-low and stir often until cooked down into a jammy mixture. Remove from heat and set aside until ready to use.
Preheat oven to 350 degrees F (180 degrees C) and line a standard (9×5 inch) loaf pan with parchment paper. Alternatively, grease your loaf pan with some coconut oil or butter.
Make the loaf: In a large bowl, whisk together the spelt flour, baking powder, sea salt, and coconut sugar.
In a medium bowl, mix together the almond milk, coconut oil, eggs, vanilla, and maple syrup.
Add the wet ingredients to the dry ingredients and stir until just combined. Do not over-mix, as spelt has a delicate gluten structure that can be damaged by over-working.
Pour half of the batter into the prepared loaf pan. Pour half of the cranberry compote on top and swirl with a knife. Pour the remaining batter on top and then add the remaining cranberry compote; swirl again.
Bake for 50-60 minutes, or until golden and a toothpick inserted into the middle comes out clean. Let it cool in the pan for at least 45 minutes before removing and placing on a cooling rack. Allow to cool fully before slicing.
You may be able to use 2 flax eggs (2 tbsp of ground flax mixed with 6 tbsp of water) in place of the eggs.
This loaf will keep in a covered container at room temperature for 2 days, or in the refrigerator for up to a week. You may also store it in a container in the freezer for up to 1 month, although I’m sure you won’t need to! | 2019-04-18T12:36:05Z | https://holisticallie.com/category/recipes/ |
We offer accommodation for all Northumbria University students including students in their second and third year and postgraduates. We guarantee accommodation for all first year and foundation students, but you can only book once you have made Northumbria University your FIRM choice.
Unfortunately, we are unable to offer accommodation to students who do not attend Northumbria University.
Lost your details? If you have lost your details, you will need to fill out and submit the 'Lost Details Form' to retrieve your information.
If you are booking Claude Gibb, Glenamara House, Lovaine Hall, New Bridge Street, Trinity Square or Winn Studios, you will be asked to sign your contract online as a part of your booking.
If you are booking Camden Court you will be contacted directly by the residence with your contract. Please note you will require a guarantor.
You will be asked to pay £250 to secure the room. This is a security deposit that will be returned to you at the end of tenancy.
You can apply for accommodation once you have made Northumbria University your FIRM choice.
Typically full year accommodation applications (43 weeks) will open in November, semester one in late February and semester two in late September.
You can apply for accommodation at any point, even if it is after move in weekend, just drop us an email for more information.
It is never too late to apply for accommodation and we guarantee accommodation for all first year students.
If you have decided to apply late, no problem, just get in touch and we will run through availability with you.
My first choice accommodation is showing as full, what do I do?
On occasions, more availability for specific buildings will be added so please drop us an email to check to see if they have all been uploaded.
If your preferred choice is full look at similar options, for example Winn Studios has the same set up as New Bridge Street and is only a 6-minute walk from campus.
Still unsure what to do? Drop us an email or give us a call and we will be happy to run through the different options for you.
Is there any accommodation at Coach Lane Campus?
No, all of our accommodation is now based in the City Centre, but there is free travel between the two campuses on the number 1 bus.
Stagecoach’s number 1 bus runs between the City and Coach Lane Campuses every ten minutes, seven days a week and is free of charge to Northumbria students that board at the University’s designated stops and produce their smartcard. Both students and staff can use this service between 7am and 10.15pm every day.
Alternatively, if you live at Trinity Square and you don’t want to walk to City Campus for the number 1 bus, you can purchase a Student Metro ticket and travel between Gateshead and Four Lane Ends. A student Metro ticket between the two stops is £49 per month.
Is there designated accommodation for nursing students?
No, we want to give students the flexibility to pick their own accommodation so we do not have designated buildings for different courses.
Do you offer single semester accommodation?
Yes, we offer single semester accommodation for students who are on placements.
Semester one accommodation runs from September through to February and Semester two accommodation runs February though to July.
Occasionally short stay accommodation is available throughout the year. For more information please email [email protected] and we will check availability for you.
Do you offer short stay accommodation?
Yes, if we have the availability. Send us an email to [email protected] for more information. Please note that we only offer short stay accommodation for Northumbria University students or Northumbria University affiliates.
We also offer short stay accommodation over the summer period, so if we want a flat reunion mid-summer or you want to show your friends Newcastle for the weekend, drop us an email and we will be happy to help.
Do you offer accessible accommodation?
The University has a variety of accommodation available to students requiring facilities for wheelchair use, at differing prices and a number of rooms is available for students with hearing and sight difficulties. Students with a disability should contact the University's Student Support and Wellbeing Team for help in choosing appropriate accommodation and to arrange a visit.
Do you offer catered accommodation?
Yes, we offer catered accommodation in Claude Gibb. The meals are prepared by our campus caterers, Taste Northumbria. You can view sample menus here or here.
If you would prefer to be in a self-catering residence but do not want to cook every single day, we would recommend that you download the YoYo app on your phone which can be used to pay for catering around campus. You will find various meal deals on the app, and what’s best is you collect points every time you spend! Points can be redeemed for free chocolate and breakfast stotties - happy days!
Family and friends can also top up your YoYo app and pre-pay for meals for you. Just make sure all of your family have your login details before you leave for Uni.
If you want to join the revolution on food waste, download the Too Good To Go app. This app allows you to rescue delicious food so you can eat well with a clean conscious at all catering outlets on campus.
How do I apply for accommodation at the London Campus?
You can find further information about accommodation options for students based on the London Campus here.
Our booking system is based on real time availability. If somebody has already booked into a flat the bed will show as red. If you hover over a red bed, it will tell you if the person is male or female, where they are from and if they are a postgraduate or undergraduate.
Unfortunately, due to data protection, we are unable to tell you the name of the other students in your flat, but we will invite you to join our Facebook groups so you can find them online.
As you are booking directly with us, you will only be allocated with other Northumbria University students.
Can I find out the names of my flatmates?
Due to data protection regulations we are unable to provide you with this information, however we will give you access to our Facebook groups which are exclusive to students in the specific residence. This way you can use the power of social media to find your new flat mates.
I forgot what flat I booked, how do I find flatmates in the Facebook group?
Your flat and room number is written on the top of your contract. For example NB01-2 means that you are in New Bridge Street, flat one, room 2.
Can I share a flat with my friend?
Yes, when you apply for accommodation make sure you find a flat which has the correct amount of empty rooms in it. Once the first person has started their application it will lock the full flat, the next person can only book once the first person has completed their application.
If you can’t find an flat with enough empty rooms, drop us an email and we can check the availability for all the accommodation for you.
Do you offer accommodation for couples?
Yes, we offer accommodation for couples in Winn Studios and Trinity Square; however, both tenants must be Northumbria University students who are in a relationship.
Our tenancy agreements are for single occupancy by default. If you and your partner are eligible for couples tenancy, please get in touch with us and we will arrange a couples tenancy agreement for you.
No, if you are looking for accommodation for your family, please get in touch with NU Lets in the Students Union who will advise you on private houses to rent in the local area.
What is a tenancy agreement and is it legally binding?
A tenancy agreement is a contract between yourself and the University.
Make sure that you read this information thoroughly as it is a legally binding contract and can only be cancelled by agreement of the Accommodation Manager.
Can I view the accommodation before I confirm my booking?
As the booking system shows real time availability we can’t guarantee that we can show you the exact room, however we will be more than happy to show you a similar option.
Viewings can be arranged by appointment only between 9am-5pm Monday to Friday. As you may be viewing an occupied flat, please provide us with at least 24 hour notice.
Can I change my accommodation after I have signed the tenancy agreement?
If you are unhappy with your accommodation please get in touch and we will see what we can do to help.
Each request for a room move will be reviewed on an individual case and will be subject to availability.
How long is my tenancy agreement?
Contract lengths vary depending on which building you want to be in.
Camden Court, Glenamara House, Lovaine Hall, New Bridge Street, Trinity Square and Winn Studios are all on a 43-week contract. Liberty Central, Liberty Quay, Bryson, Marshall and Rosedale Court are all on a 44-week contract. Claude Gibb contracts are for 39 weeks (please note catering is provided for 33 weeks only).
Can I get out of my tenancy agreement early?
No, it is a legally binding contract and you will be required to pay any outstanding costs or find a suitable successor.
A successor is another Northumbria University student who is not already living in University accommodation who is a suitable fit for your flat. Should you find a suitable successor there will be a £50 administration/cleaning charge added onto your account.
Top Tip: If you are trying to find a successor try using different social media platforms or advertising it on notice boards around campus.
Yes, depending upon availability. Just drop us an email and we will let you know the cost and if you can extend in the same room.
If we can’t extend your contract in the same room, you may have to move to a different flat or building.
Deposit amounts vary depending upon which building you book.
Claude Gibb, Glenamara House, Lovaine Hall, New Bridge Street, Trinity Square and Winn Studios require a £250 deposit at the time of booking.
Camden Court is also a £250 deposit but this will be paid directly to Unite and will usually be requested within two days of us receiving your application.
The deposit for Liberty Quay and Liberty Central will be paid directly to Liberty Living and Bryson, Marshall and Rosedale Court to Portland Green Student Village. This deposit will be £200 and will be requested within two days of us receiving your application.
I can't afford the deposit, what can I do?
On occasion we may be able to accept a reduced deposit in Claude Gibb, Glenamara House, Lovaine Hall, New Bridge Street, Winn Studios and Trinity Square.
If you require a reduced deposit, please drop us an email to [email protected] and we will review your request.
Will I get my deposit back if I don't get the grades to come to Northumbria?
We like to hope that everybody will get their grades, but if you don’t, we will refund this minus a £50 administration fee.
We try to process all refunds as soon as possible but please be advised that during busy periods this can take up to four weeks.
Please note that if you do get the grades to come to Northumbria but decide not to, you will unfortunately forfeit the full deposit.
This may vary in our partner accommodation, please see individual contracts for details.
What happens if I change my mind and no longer want to live in student accommodation?
If you get your grades but you have changed your mind about living in accommodation you will forfeit your full deposit.
In the event you don’t get your grades and are rejected by the University, you will be refunded the full deposit minus a £50 admin fee.
If you have already moved into your accommodation you will be held accountable for the full accommodation contract unless you can find a suitable successor. A successor is another Northumbria University student who is not already living in University accommodation who is a suitable fit for your flat. Should you find a suitable successor their will be a £50 administration/cleaning charge added onto your account.
Claude Gibb, Glenamara House, Lovaine Hall, New Bridge Street, Trinity Square, Winn Studios, Marshall, Bryson and Rosedale Court will all be due in three instalments that will fall in line with your student loan dates in October, January and April.
Your rent includes all of your utility bills, basic contents insurance and Wi-Fi.
Your personal possessions are covered while you're in halls. Anything lost/stolen outside of halls won't be covered.
Your insurance provider for University-owned buildings (Claude Gibb, Glenamara House, New Bridge Street, Lovaine Hall, Trinity Square and Winn Studios) is Endsleigh Insurance. To check what's covered click here and enter HH1344. The claims calls phone number is 0800 923 4042.
Do I still have to pay rent if I go on placement?
Yes, our accommodation is for set dates and you will be required to pay for all dates in-between.
If you are going on a placement, we would recommend looking at our single semester accommodation.
Where do I go to collect my keys?
A couple of weeks before your contract starts you will be sent an email asking you to confirm your arrival date and time. This email will then provide you with further information regarding key collection.
Can I move in early and will I have to pay extra?
Yes, if your room is available however, there will be an additional nightly charge to cover this.
Please drop us an email to arrange an early arrival.
If I arrive late do I get a refund?
No, our contracts have set start and end dates. Should you decide to arrive or leave earlier to these dates, you will not be entitled to a refund.
What time is the reception open?
Reception times will vary depending upon the building. Drop us an email if you would like and further information.
Can I arrive outside of reception opening times?
Yes, however depending on which building you have booked in you may need to contact our security team for entry.
Further information will be sent out to you closer to the time to arrange your arrival date and time.
How do I know which room I am in?
Can I get my luggage posted to the accommodation before my arrival?
We will not accept any post for students who have not yet checked into the accommodation. Please arrange shipment of your luggage for the day of your arrival.
Rooms vary in size, please look at the information on individual buildings for further details.
Your room is fully furnished, but you will need to bring your own bedding, towels and a desk lamp. You will also need to cooking pots, crockery and cutlery.
Top Tip: Once you have found your future flatmates on Facebook, start a discussion about who is bringing what to avoid bringing the same items. Nobody flat needs 20 pans but you do need a wooden spoon!
To make things easier for you, the University has a partnership with UniKitOut, a service that lets you order bed, bath and kitchen packs. Quote "NORTHUM18" at checkout for a 10% discount.
If you intend to watch or record live programmes on any device (including TV, laptop, tablet, mobile phone, games console, digital box, DVD), you must have a TV licence. See TV licensing authority information.
There are no aerial sockets in many of the bedrooms, so it is advised that you bring your own portable aerial and TV equipment if required.
A TV licence is included in your rent in premium rooms at Liberty Quay. A TV licence is also included in shared kitchen/lounge areas in Liberty Quay and Bryson Court. You will need to provide your own TV licence in all other residences including the shared kitchen/lounge area in Liberty Central.
Can I get car parking?
Unfortunately there is no parking available as we are a green campus. Newcastle is a very small city and it is easy to get about on foot, bus or Metro and therefore there is very little need for a car. Learn more about sustainable travel to campus, public transport in Newcastle and cycling discounts.
Can my friends stay over?
Yes, friends can stay over for two nights over a seven day period.
Is there a gym in my accommodation?
Both Trinity Square and Liberty Quay have an onsite gym which is included in your rent.
Alternatively why not get a gym membership in Sports Central which will get you access to all of their gym classes, the pool, steam room and sauna.
All of the accommodation, apart from Trinity Square, has communal laundry facilities which are card operated. Download the app so you can check when a machine is free and when your wash is finished so you don’t have to wait around.
Don’t like the idea of a launderette? Trinity Square has washing a machine, tumble dryer and dishwasher within every flat giving you extra time for your studies. | 2019-04-21T00:22:59Z | https://www.northumbria.ac.uk/study-at-northumbria/accommodation/faq/ |
Zuangeng woke up first. His stomach was rumbling. The sky was clear with a few light, fluffy clouds. The wind was light. The water rippled. It was still early in the morning. The sun was about a quarter of the way up in the sky. Xianjeng was still asleep. Zuangeng gently kicked him awake.
“Me, too. Hold your breath and hold on. Tap me when you’re ready,” Xianjeng continued in Dragonese.
Zuangeng kept his head cocked. He remembered the last time. He lowered himself onto his elbows. He stretched out. He wedged his feet between two pairs of fins. He laid down. He held onto one fin in his left hand. He took a deep breath. He held it. He tapped the dragon with his right hand. He held onto another fin with it.
Xianjeng dove under water. He flew underwater. He searched for some fish. He found a school not too far from them. Zuangeng saw them, too. He nudged Xianjeng. Xianjeng resurfaced to let Zuangeng take another breath.
“Ok, good luck – eh, silukia lukea,” Xianjeng just remembered that Zuangeng could not understand his speech.
Zuangeng moved a little forward. His head was over the base of the neck when he laid down. He laid on his stomach. He could look down past the leading edge of the wings. He held onto two fins. He took a really deep breath. He tapped the dragon with his right foot.
Xianjeng dove back under. He flew. Zuangeng looked down the dragon’s left side. The dragon had a flipper like a dolphin. Xianjeng flew into the school of fish. The fish swarmed into a tight formation. Xianjeng caught some in his mouth.
Zuangeng let go of the fins. He floated away from Xianjeng. He swam closer to the fish. He reached out. He tried to catch one in his hands. He had difficulties catching one. The fish flapped its tail and struggled. It slipped out of his grasp. He caught five fishes that slipped away from him.
He had to swim to the surface to catch his breath. He swam down to try again. The sixth fish he caught, his nails dug into it. The fish bled. He had his breakfast.
Xianjeng ate his catch. He watched Zuangeng try until he caught the last fish. Zuangeng let go of his fish with his right hand. He held onto it with his left hand. He swam to Xianjeng. He grabbed a fin with his free hand. Xianjeng caught one last fish.
Xianjeng resurfaced with the boy on his back. He had the fish still in his mouth. He threw the fish straight up into the air. The fish flipped over and over as it ascended and descended. Xianjeng held his mouth up and open. The fish reached his mouth head first. He snapped his mouth closed on the fish. He worked it into his throat. He swallowed it.
Zuangeng sat up. He breathed heavily. He watched Xianjeng eat the fish. He ate his fish. He dove into the water. He bathed as before. He cleaned Xianjeng’s back.
Xianjeng taught Zuangeng how to speak Dragonese all day. The only breaks allowed were for meals and sleep.
The Serikua neared the storm’s edge. The rain and wind lessened. The waves got smaller. They ceased to batter the ship. Captain Esiada and the helmsman exited the office. Men emerged from below. The helmsman walked to the helm. He unlashed it.
The yardarms were restored to their locations. The sails were reattached and rest.
They sailed past the storm’s edge into calmer water. It stopped raining. The sun came out. More men appeared on deck.
The men went to work. The Serikua was back under full sail. They scrubbed the deck from bow to stern. Equipment were put where they belonged.
Captain Esiada looked around the deck. Everybody who were supposed to be here were present. Zuangeng often could be found on deck. He would wonder about or play with the crew. Captain Esiada was expecting him to come up with the crew. Zuangeng was not on deck as usual. Captain Esiada walked below. He first looked in his quarters. He looked in Zuangeng’s quarters. He looked in the crew’s quarters. The night crew were sleeping. Zuangeng was not there. Captain Esiada looked in the cargo hold.
“Zuangeng!” he yelled. There was no reply. Zuangeng did not show up. Captain Esiada looked in the store rooms.
“Zuangeng!” he yelled again. There was neither reply nor Zuangeng. He looked everywhere the boy could be found. He taught him to always respond when he was called.
“Last time, I saw him was during the storm. He was running to the hatch,” some men said.
Captain Esiada looked to port and stern. The storm was far behind them. The storm was past where he last saw Zuangeng.
“Men, prepare to come about! We’re going back to search for him. If he’s not on board, he must be in the water!” he said.
The message was relayed to the bow. He cranked the helm to the left as fast as he could. The ship turned to port.
The sails were quickly furled. They dropped both anchors. The ship lazily drifted.
Captain Esiada walked to his office. He walked to a cabinet on the left wall. The cabinet was of varnished oak. It had two glass doors. There were five drawers underneath the doors. Behind the doors were five shelves. Each shelf held various equipment. The bottom shelf held the spyglass. It was black with brass fittings. He took it out. He walked back out. He climbed the main mast to the crow’s nest. He looked for Zuangeng in the water. He saw nothing but water, waves, sea birds and the storm far in the distance. He climbed down to the deck. He went around the ship, looking for him again. He saw nothing different.
“Men, take the dinghies out. Look for him. Dive under if you must,” he said.
The men took the dinghies out. They scattered around the ship. Some of them dove into the water. They searched underwater. They returned to the ship as the sun was setting. The night crew came up on deck. All the crew gathered around Captain Esiada.
“Light some lamps,” Captain Esiada said. The men lit the lamps around the ship. They returned to Captain Esiada. He was standing by the mizzen mast under a lit lamp.
“Give me your reports those of you who went out searching,” he said.
They reported, “We found no trace of Zuangeng. The current must have carried him away.
The day crew walked below. They had their evening meal. They went to sleep with heavy hearts. They had dreams about Zuangeng.
The night crew took over. Mostly, they stood vigil. They had heavy hearts. They thought and talked about Zuangeng.
The sun was peeping over the horizon. Everybody gathered at the main mast. Captain Esiada stood before the men. He looked them over. Everybody was silent.
He talked for a while longer. He talked of his memories of Zuangeng.
“Anybody want to say something,” he asked. Everybody had something to say. The last one finished.
Everybody bowed their heads. The only sound heard was the lapping of the waves on the hull. It lasted for about five minutes.
The night crew walked below. They had their meal. They went to bed. They had Zuangeng on their minds. They had Zuangeng in their dreams.
The men went to work with Zuangeng on their minds. Captain Esiada took measurements of their current position. He walked into his office. He walked to the cabinet. He opened the top drawer. He pulled it. He took out a chart. He plotted their position and course on the chart. He walked back out. The Serikua was under full sail. He walked to the helm. He gave the helmsman their new heading. The helmsman corrected to the heading. The crew adjusted the sails. They were under way.
The sea dragon broke surface. He floated on the surface. He raised his head He looked around. The sun was beating down on him. White fluffy clouds floated scattered across the sky. The storm was on his left. He let out a sigh of relief. He had cleared the storm. The water was calm. There were small waves. They lapped his right side. A gentle breeze blew toward the storm.
The boy was breathing air once more. He coughed up water. He spat it out. All the water was out. His breathing returned to normal eventually. He remained out. The dragon floated on the surface. Occasionally, he splashed water on the boy to keep him cool. He refused to eat for as long as was necessary.
“You are in a lovely place. You live there. It is a pleasant place to be in. A better place than Earth is. There is nothing but joy,” Iyoseching explained.
There was no joy. He was confused. He felt heat on his back. Something was hard, rough and scaly under him. Something was pinching his limbs. There was a rough, greenish blue surface. There were protrusions. He freed his arms. He put his hands flat on the surface. He pushed himself up to get a better look. He moved his head to look at the surface. He moved his head up, following the surface. There was a long, tubular protrusion in front of him. He followed that protrusion up.
The dragon felt some movement. He turned his head around. He looked down and smiled. The boy was looking at his head.
“Do not be afraid, little one. I will not harm you. I saved you from a watery grave,” the sea dragon tried to reassure him in Dragonese.
“Oh, I forgot you speak Cingalia not Dragonese,” the dragon apologized in Dragonese.
“Igasa?” was all Zuangeng said. He wanted to know the reason for the dragon’s actions.
“Amia aita yotinka. Amia keloma ngakala ngahomia onga amia,” the dragon said.
“Ah!” Zuangeng said. He freed his legs. He rolled over onto his back. He put his hands on the surface at his chest. He pushed himself up. He moved his legs under him. He was on his hands and knees. He raised his right leg. He moved it to plant the foot on the back. He used his hands and leg to push himself to standing.
“It’s been a few days. Ungitaki dilepia ngabiliama unada vulang liga,” the sea dragon warned Zuangneg. The sea dragon dove. Zuangeng was caught off guard. He fell on his stomach. He grabbed a pair of fins, one fin on each side. He got water in his throat. He gagged and coughed. He kicked the sea dragon on the back. The sea dragon immediately surfaced. He looked at Zuangeng. Zuangeng was coughing up and spitting out water.
“Ingayala! Ingayala!” Zuangeng finally said angrily. He hit the dragon several times.
“Seliana. Ikala rikelama mivaleka amia. Dong esa ikala lakang,” the dragon apologized. Zuangeng calmed down. He stopped hitting.
“Give me some time to prepare, dragon!” Zuangeng said in Cingalia.
“Ok. Give me a tap when you are ready,” the dragon said.
Zuangeng held onto two fins as before. He breathed with each breath deeper than the one before. His extremities started to tingle. He took one final really deep breath. He held it. He tapped the dragon’s back with his right foot.
The sea dragon dove again. He flew fast. He beat his wings fast as they raced through the water. Zuangeng had some problems staying on the dragon’s back. He felt the water flowing over his body. The flow tried to push him toward the dragon’s tail. He tended to float off the back. The flowing water getting under him compounded the problem. The easiest solution was to jam his legs between fins and hold tightly on other fins. He felt the muscles around the shoulders move.
The dragon saw a school of fish to his right. He banked toward it. He felt a tap. He stopped. He turned his head. Zuangeng pointed to the surface. The dragon nodded. He headed to the surface. He broke surface. He floated.
Zuangeng sat up. He let go of his breath. He panted. He raised his goggles. He looked around. Water, the sky and the two of them were all that could be seen. The blue sky was clear with not a cloud to be seen. The bright sun was almost directly overhead. A mild breeze blew. The water rippled. The water on his skin kept him cool in spite of the hot sun. Rivulets of water ran from his hair down his back, chest and stomach. He looked for the ship. It was not to be found anywhere.
He recovered his breath. He lowered his goggles. He laid down. He crammed his feet between two pairs of fins. He grabbed two fins. He repeated the breathing ritual. He tapped the dragon.
The dragon dove back under. He searched for the school of fish seen before. He found it. He flew right into it. He caught a struggling fish with his right front paw as the school fled. He resurfaced.
“Ikala donaka kinala. Amia kelamapa nilimpea ilitu temila amiaka,” the dragon said with uncertainty. Zuangeng felt the dragon’s shoulders rise in a shrug.
“Eh. Mongavilea’y yotinga,” the dragon said uncaringly.
Zuangeng used his nails to slit the bottom of the fish open. He got blood on himself and the dragon. He pulled the guts out. He threw them into the water. He pulled out as many bones as he could. He threw into the water as well. He picked out the meat and ate it. He had eaten raw fish; but, not like this. The raw fish he had before now was prepared. He ate some scales that came off his hands onto the meat. Some blood on his hands got on the meat as well. The dragon watched him eat. Zuangeng offered him some meat. The dragon gladly accepted. The dragon opened his mouth. Zuangeng threw the meat into the dragon’s mouth. The dragon swallowed it without chewing. Zuangeng, however, chewed his. They finished the meat. Zuangeng threw the remains into the water.
He stood up on the dragon’s back. He walked over to the dragon’s right. He hit one of the fins with his right big toe. He looked down at the offending fin. He traced a row of fins from the shoulders where he stood to the tail. He lowered his goggles over his eyes. He raised his arms above his head. He bent over forward. He dove headlong into the water. He went under the water surface. He swam to the surface. He reached the surface. His head popped out of the water. He let go of his breath. He took another breath and held it. He floated on his stomach with his face in the water. He rubbed his hands together. He got the blood and scales of them. He rubbed his arms clean. He raised his head out of the water. He took another breath. He cleaned his chest and stomach. After still another breath, he cleaned his legs.
The dragon watched him breast-stroke. Zuangeng swam toward the dragon. He swam to the right wing. He grabbed the wing with his left hand. He wedged his left arm between the wing and the body. He righted himself. He rested.
“I suggest you swim close to me. It’s pretty deep here,” the dragon advised.
“I’m familiar with the ocean,” Zuangeng said.
The dragon watched him. Zuangeng swam on the surface for a while. He stayed close to the dragon. He breast-stroke from the dragon’s nose to the tail tip. He rolled over onto his back. He back-stroked back to the nose. He did all this without stopping. He took a deep breath. He dove under water. The dragon got his head underwater to watch him. Zuangeng was completely underwater as he swam. He surfaced. He swam some more. Zuangeng grew tired.
He swam to the dragon. He grabbed the right wing with both hands. He pulled himself up until his arms were straight. He supported himself on his left arm. He looked up as he reached up for a fin with his right hand. He grabbed a fin. He held onto it. He let go of the wing. He swung his left arm up. He pulled himself up. He stepped on the wing’s leading edge. He rested the balls of each foot on it. He leaned over the back. He let go of the fins. He planted his hands on the back. He swung his left leg over the fins. His right leg dangled. He rolled over onto his back. He rolled back onto his stomach. He got up on all fours. He crawled toward the middle. He laid down on his stomach. He folded his arms across each other. He rested his head on the right side on the arms. He rested. He fell asleep. He slept for a while.
Zuangeng woke. He sat up. The dragon was looking at him. The dragon said in Cingalia, “Since we will be together until I get you to an island, we need to introduce ourselves. IN your language and by your people, I’m known as ‘Xianjeng’.” Xianjeng said.
“My name is ‘Zuangeng’,” he said.
“You need to learn my language!” Xianjeng said.
“Aka alang iyokang lakea amiaku langea. Not all people speak your language, either. We start your lessons tomorrow,” Xianjeng said. It was getting dark. He looked at the sun, half of it was below the horizon.
Zuangeng laid back down as before. He fell asleep. Xianjeng floated on the ocean surface. He laid his head on it. He fell asleep, too. | 2019-04-19T16:37:46Z | https://moisansfiction.blog/2017/11/ |
In the following tutorial, you will learn how to create a wire pattern brush and how to use it to create a nice USB vector text effect in Adobe Illustrator. For starters, you will learn how to set up a simple grid and how to create a bunch of pixel perfect shapes using basic tools and effects. Using basic blending and vector shape building techniques along with some simple Transform effects, you will learn how to create the usb connector. Finally, you will learn how to turn all these shapes into a simple pattern brush and how to create the text.
Hit CTRL + N to create a new document. Select Pixels from the Units drop-down menu, enter 600 in the width box and 480 in the height box, then click on the Advanced button. Select RGB, Screen (72ppi) and make sure that the Align New Objects to Pixel Grid box is unchecked before you click OK. Enable the Grid (View > Show Grid) and the Snap to Grid (View > Snap to Grid). You will need a grid every 1px, so simply go to Edit > Preferences > Guides > Grid, enter 1 in the Gridline every box and 1 in the Subdivisions box. You should also open the Info panel (Window > Info) for a live preview with the size and position of your shapes. Do not forget to set the unit of measurement to pixels from Edit > Preferences > Units > General. All these options will significantly increase your work speed.
Pick the Rectangle Tool (M) and focus on your Toolbar. Remove the color from the stroke, then select the fill and set its color at R=55 G=55 B=55. Move to your artboard and simply create a 1px square.
Make sure that the Rectangle Tool (M) is still active, create three additional 1px squares, and place them as shown in the following image, using the fill colors shown below. Select all four shapes created so far, and simply hit CTRL + G to Group them.
Make sure that your group of squares is still selected, and make a copy in front (CTRL + C > CTRL + F). Select this group copy, and move it 9px to the right.
Reselect the group copy made in the previous step, and go to Effect > Distort & Transform > Transform. Enter 5 in the Copies box and drag the Move-Horizontal slider at –1px; then click OK. In the end, things should look like in the following image.
Using the Rectangle Tool (M), create eight, 1px squares. Place these new shapes as shown in the following image, and use the fill colors shown below.
Reselect the eight squares made in the previous step and duplicate them (CTRL + C > CTRL + F). Drag these copies 1px to the right, then simply replace the existing fill colors with the ones shown in the following image.
Reselect the two columns of squares made in the last two steps and Group them (CTRL + G). Make sure that this new group stays selected, and go to Effect > Distort & Transform > Transform. Enter 2 in the Copies box and drag the Move-Horizontal slider to 3px, then click OK. In the end, things should look like in the following image.
Using the Rectangle Tool (M), create six, 1px squares. Place these new shapes as shown in the following image, and use the fill colors shown below. Make sure that all the shapes made in this step are selected, and Group them (CTRL + G). Duplicate this new group (CTRL + C > CTRL + F). Select the copy and simply drag it 3px to the right as shown in the second image.
Using the Rectangle Tool (M), create a 34 x 16px shape, set the fill color at R=55 G=55 B=55, and place it as shown in the first image. Make sure that this new shape stays selected, and go to Object > Path > Add Anchor Points. Switch to the Direct Selection Tool (A), select the middle, top anchor point, and drag it 3px down and 9px to the left. Move to the middle, bottom anchor point and drag it 3px up and 9px to the left. Move to the left side, select the top anchor point and drag it 3px down, then select the bottom anchor point and drag it 3px up. In the end, things should look like in the third image. Move to the Layers panel (Window > Layers), simply double click on the shape made in this step and name it “main“.
Reselect your “main” shape and go to Object > Path > Add Anchor Points. Using the Direct Selection Tool (A), select the two anchor points highlighted in the first image and drag them as shown in the second image. Switch to the Delete Anchor Point Tool (-), and simply click on the eight anchor point highlighted by the yellow circles to remove them. In the end, your “main” shape should look like in the third image.
Next, we’ll round the corners of our USB. Keep focusing on your “main” shape and make sure that the Direct Selection Tool (A) is still active. Select the four anchor points highlighted by the yellow circles in the following image, move to the top bar and simply enter 2 in the Corners box. Select the two anchor points highlighted by the green circles in the following image, move to the top bar and simply enter 5 in the Corners box. Select the two anchor points highlighted by the blue circles in the following image, move to the top bar and enter 0.65 in the Corners box. In the end, your “main” shape should look like in the second image.
Disable the Snap to Grid (View > Snap to Grid), then go to Edit > Preferences > General and make sure that the Keyboard Increment is set at 1px. Reselect your “main” shape and make two copies in front (CTRL + C > CTRL + F > CTRL + F). Select the top copy and move it 1px to the left using the left arrow button from your keyboard. Reselect both copies made in this step, open the Pathfinder panel (Window > Pathfinder) and click the Minus Front button. Fill the resulting shape with black (R=0 G=0 B=0), then open the Transparency panel (Window > Transparency), lower the Opacity to 15% and change the Blending Mode to Soft Light.
Reselect your “main” shape and make two copies in front (CTRL + C > CTRL + F > CTRL + F). Select the top copy and move it 1px down using the down arrow button from your keyboard. Reselect both copies made in this step, and click the Minus Front button from the Pathfinder panel. Make sure that the resulting shape is selected, and set the fill color at R=45 G=45 B=45.
Reselect your “main” shape and make two copies in front (CTRL + C > CTRL + F > CTRL + F). Select the top copy and move it 2px down using the down arrow button from your keyboard. Reselect both copies made in this step and click the Minus Front button from the Pathfinder panel.
Reselect your “main” shape and make two copies in front (CTRL + C > CTRL + F > CTRL + F). Select the top copy and move it 3px down using the down arrow button from your keyboard. Reselect both copies made in this step, and click the Minus Front button from the Pathfinder panel. Make sure that the resulting shape is selected, and set the fill color at R=65 G=65 B=65.
Reselect your “main” shape, and make two copies in front (CTRL + C > CTRL + F > CTRL + F). Select the top copy, and move it 1px up using the up arrow button from your keyboard. Reselect both copies made in this step, and click the Minus Front button from the Pathfinder panel. Make sure that the resulting shape is selected, and set the fill color at R=30 G=30 B=30.
Reselect your “main” shape and make two copies in front (CTRL + C > CTRL + F > CTRL + F). Select the top copy, and move it 2px up using the up arrow button from your keyboard. Reselect both copies made in this step, and click the Minus Front button from the Pathfinder panel. Make sure that the resulting shape is selected, and set the fill color at R=40 G=40 B=40.
Reselect your “main” shape, and make two copies in front (CTRL + C > CTRL + F > CTRL + F). Select the top copy, and move it 3px up using the up arrow button from your keyboard. Reselect both copies made in this step, and click the Minus Front button from the Pathfinder panel.
Reselect your “main” shape, and make two copies in front (CTRL + C > CTRL + F > CTRL + F). Select the top copy, and move it 4px up using the up arrow button from your keyboard. Reselect both copies made in this step, and click the Minus Front button from the Pathfinder panel. Make sure that the resulting shape is selected, and set the fill color at R=65 G=65 B=65.
Enable the Snap to Grid (View > Snap to Grid). Using the Rectangle Tool (M), create a 34 x 3px shape, set the fill color at R=80 G=80 B=80 and place it as shown in the first image. Focus on your Toolbar, and double click on the Blend Tool. Select Specified Steps from the Spacing drop-down menu, simply enter 25 in the white box, then click OK. Reselect the rectangle made in this step along with your “main” shape and simply hit Alt + CTRL + B to create a simple blend. Make sure that your blend is selected, and send it to back (Shift + CTRL + [ ).
Using the Rectangle Tool (M), create a 14 x 7px shape, set the fill color at R=70 G=70 B=70, and place it as shown in the first image. Switch to the Direct Selection Tool (A), select the four anchor points that make up this new rectangle, move to the top bar, and simply enter 2 in the Corners box. In the end, your rounded rectangle should look like in the second image.
Disable the Snap to Grid (View > Snap to Grid), then go to Edit > Preferences > General and set the Keyboard Increment at 0.5px. Reselect the rounded rectangle made in the previous step, and make two copies in front (CTRL + C > CTRL + F > CTRL + F). Select the top copy, and move it 0.5px down and 0.5px to the right using the arrow buttons from your keyboard. Reselect both copies made in this step, and click the Minus Front button from the Pathfinder panel. Fill the resulting shape with R=45 G=45 B=45.
Reselect your 14 x 7px rounded rectangle, and go to Effect > Stylize > Drop Shadow. Enter the properties shown in the following image, and click OK. Make sure that your rounded rectangle stays selected, and open the Appearance panel (Window > Appearance). Add a 0.5pt stroke, set the color at black, lower its Opacity to 10%, and change the Blending Mode to Soft Light. Make sure that the stroke stays selected, open the Stroke panel (Window > Stroke), and simply check the Align Stroke to Inside button.
Enable the Snap to Grid (View > Snap to Grid). Using the Ellipse Tool (L), create two, 1px circles, set their fill color at R=55 G=55 B=55, and place them as shown in the first image. Make sure that both shapes remain selected, focus on the Appearance panel, and add a second fill using the Add New Fill button (pointed by the little, blue arrow in the following image). Keep focusing on the Appearance panel, select the bottom fill, set the color at white, lower its Opacity to 40%, and change the Blending Mode to Soft Light. Then go to Effect > Distort & Transform > Transform. Enter the properties shown in the following image, make sure that you check the top, left reference point, and then click OK.
Using the Rectangle Tool (M), create an 11 x 12px shape, set the fill color at R=240 G=241 B=246, and place it as shown in the first image. Switch to the Pen Tool (P) and create an 11px, horizontal path. Place it as shown in the second image, and add a 1px stroke with the color set at R=150 G=151 B=156.
Using the Rectangle Tool (M), create an 11 x 1px shape, set the fill color at white (R=255 G=255 B=255) and place it as shown in the first image. Using the same tool, create a second 11 x 1px shape, set the fill color at R=230 G=231 B=236, and place it as shown in the second image. Create a third 11 x 1px shape, set the fill color at R=250 G=251 B=255 and place it as shown in the third image. Create a 1 x 11px shape, set the fill color at R=200 G=201 B=206, and place it as shown in the fourth image. Finally, create a new 11 x 1px shape, set the fill color at R=170 G=171 B=176, and place it as shown in the fifth image.
Using the Rectangle Tool (M), create a 2 x 12px shape and a 1 x 11px rectangle, and place them as shown in the following images. Fill both shapes with black, lower the Opacity to 50%, and change the Blending Mode to Soft Light.
Using the Rectangle Tool (M), create a 2px square, set the fill color at R=130 G=130 B=130, and place it as shown in the first image. Switch to the Direct Selection Tool (A), select the four anchor points that make up this tiny shape, move to the top bar, and simply enter 0.55 in the Corners box. In the end, your rounded rectangle should look like in the second image. Reselect it, make two copies in front (CTRL + C > CTRL + F > CTRL + F) and disable the Snap to Grid (View > Snap to Grid). Select the top copy, and move it 0.5px dow and 0.5px to the right. Reselect both copies, and click the Minus Front button from the Pathfinder panel. Fill the resulting shape with R=60 G=60 B=60.
Enable the Snap to Grid (View > Snap to Grid). Reselect the two shapes made in the previous step and duplicate them (CTRL + C > CTRL + F). Select those copies, and simply drag them several pixels down as shown in the following image.
Select all the shapes highlighted in the first image and go to Object > Expand Apperance. Then hit CTRL + G to Group them. Make sure that this new group is selected, and go to Object > Transform > Reflect. Check the Vertical box, and click the Copy button. Select the newly created group, and simply drag it to the left as shown in the fourth image.
Select your right group of shapes and simply drag it inside the Swatches panel (Window > Swatches) to save it as a pattern. Once you can see it in the Swatches panel, you can remove that group of shapes from your artboard. Return to the Swatches panel, double click on your pattern and name it “endTile“. Select the left group of shapes, and turn it your second pattern. Name it “startTile“, then simply remove the group of shapes that you used to create this second pattern.
Focus on your artboard, select the remaining group of shapes, open the Brushes panel (Window > Brushes), and click the New Brush button (pointed by the little, blue arrow in the following image). Check the Pattern Brush box, then click OK to open the Pattern Brush Options window. Enter “wire” in the Name box, then move down to the Tile boxes. Open the Start Tile drop down window, and add the “startTile” pattern from the list. Then open the End Tile drop down window, and add the “endTile” pattern. Finally, click OK and you should find your new pattern brush inside the Brushes panel. Once you can see it, simply remove the group of shapes that you used to create it.
Disable the Grid (View > Hide Grid) and the Snap to Grid (View > Snap to Grid). Pick the Rectangle Tool (M), and simply click on your artboard to open the Rectangle window. Enter 610 in the Width box and 490 in the Height box; then click OK. Fill this new shape with R=139 8 G=189 B=38. Next, you need to center this rectangle, so open the Align panel (Window > Align). Set the aligning to Artboard (open the fly out menu and go to Show Options if you can’t see the Align To section as shown in the following image). Then simply click the Horizontal Align Center and Vertical Align Center buttons. In the end, your rectangle should cover the entire artboard.
Make sure that your green rectangle is still selected, focus on the Appearance panel, and add a second fill using that same Add New Fill button. Select this new fill, open the Gradient panel (Window > Gradient), and simply click on the gradient thumbnail to add the default black to white linear gradient. Keep focusing on your Gradient panel, select Radial from the Type drop-down menu, then move to the gradient colors. Select the right slider and set the color at black; then select the left slider, set the color at R=139 G=189 B=38 and lower its Opacity to 0%. Make sure that the second fill stays selected, grab the Gradient Tool (G), focus on your artboard and stretch that gradient as shown in the following image. Return to the Appearance panel, reselect the fill added in this step, and change its Blending Mode to Soft Light. Move to the Layers panel, double click on your green rectangle, name it “bg“, then simply lock it.
Pick the Type Tool (T), click on your artboard and add your white piece of text. Make sure that it stays selected, and open the Character panel (Window > Type > Character). Select the Edwardian Script ITC font, then set the size at 275pt. Lower the Opacity of your text to 30%, then move to the Layers panel and simply lock it to make sure that you won’t accidentally select/move it.
Now the more challenging path. Using the Pen Tool (P) or the Brush Tool (B) (or if you happen to own a tablet), draw a smooth path along your text as shown in the following image. Try to use the text in the back as a rough reference. For starters, use a simple, black stroke for your path. Once you feel that it looks good enough, replace the black stroke with your “wire” pattern brush. Move to the Layers panel, double click on the path made in this step, and simply name it “WIRE“.
Get grid of that locked piece of text. Reselect your “WIRE” path and simply add the five Drop Shadow effects (Effect > Stylize > Drop Shadow) shown in the following image.
How to make step 12 in CS6?
Hi there guys, love your tips, but I need some help. I’m stuck at step 12. I’m having the same problem as Naithan. My guess is that i’m using Illustrator CS6 not CC version. Where can I find a corners box? Stylize/Round corners won’t work with elected anchor points, it rounds every corner of an object.
Im having troubles with step 12… there is no corner box for me?
We’re sorry you’re having trouble with the images loading on our site. Are you still having these issues now?
i’m stuck in step 5. I enter the exact details you gave and it moves just a little bit.
We double checked the instructions and the end result was as the tutorial suggests. Try repeating the steps, paying special attention to the increments suggested in the tutorial–create 1px squares and be sure to group them. Let me know if this works for you this time.
awesome! i like the idea of drawing over the typed word. usually I start from scratch. thanks for the inspiration! | 2019-04-26T16:30:35Z | http://vectips.com/tutorials/vector-text-effect/ |
"Nair is introducing two new hair removal products for the face that provide salon results for a fraction of the price.
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These new Nair products are great! Both were easy to use and provided quick, long-lasting facial hair removal. They smell a lot better than a lot of other creams I've used and they each have the perfect tips for precision removal. After using them my skin felt soft and smooth and has stayed hair free for 5 days now. The roll-on says the results can last up to 8 weeks! Both are full of vitamins and minerals that are really great for the skin. What a great way to kick off summer! ABCD Diaries gives Nair's new products an A+!
Master Karate Todd is a young animated lion that teaches live action kids (ages 4-11) karate moves to music (like Taebo), while promoting fitness, nutrition and the importance of living green.
Children are viewing our DVD as an intriguing, inclusive alternative to sitting on the couch and we are confident that you will love and enjoy the journey into the world of MKT! Our test results with children have been very impressive.
The creator of Master Karate Todd is an AAU National Karate Jr. Olympic Gold Medal Champion. The director and producer worked on Dora The Explorer and Sesame Street, and the writer has written for Nickelodeon’s SpongeBob SquarePants and Skunk- Fu.
The Master Karate Todd DVD series brings the Karate Dojo along with great values into the living room of homes at an affordable price for all families. Normal costs for martial arts fitness classes are typically $100 per month per child vs. Master Karate Todd’s DVD is priced at $19.99! MKT is not just fun but is a solution to getting kids active creating positive new instincts and new experiences. In addition to learning about fitness, nutrition and green energy, kids also simultaneously learn to be more confident, disciplined and focused!
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"DINOSAUR TRAIN’s “Buddy” celebrates the Association of American Publishers Get Caught Reading campaign for a second year, a campaign devised to remind people of all ages how much fun it is to read!
As part of the Get Caught Reading campaign, Buddy, from Dinosaur Train, is depicted “caught reading” in posters made available to teachers and parents for use in classrooms, libraries and other locations. The “Buddy” poster is available at http://www.getcaughtreading.org/celebrity-posters.php <http://www.getcaughtreading.org/celebrity-posters.php> . Posters are FREE plus a $5.00 charge per set (1 – 12 posters) for shipping and handling! The order form is available here: http://www.getcaughtreading.org/orderforms/GetCaughtReading-PosterOrderForm.pdf <http://www.getcaughtreading.org/orderforms/GetCaughtReading-PosterOrderForm.pdf> .
What we thought: This was a really cute book for my little Dino Train lovers! The riddles were fun to guess and the characters were colorful as always:) The kiddos had a blast guessing who was hiding behind each flap and then checking to see who was right. This is one they have asked to read over and over again which is always a good sign if you ask me:) And it would be a great book with which to celebrate "Get Caught Reading" Month! ABCD Diaries gives "Guess Who Buddy!" an A+!
"The AeroSpin will keep kids of all skill levels occupied for hours of indoor and outdoor fun. It is a precision-crafted yo-yo with a soft grip that’s easy on the hand and the household. The AeroSpin’s ball bearing allows for long sleep times and its adjustable gap makes string and looping tricks easier. Each AeroSpin comes with a booklet of tricks and tips. It is recommended for ages 5 and up, retails for $19.99, and is sold online through Amazon.com and other retailers."
What we thought: This was by far the most fun yo-yo we've ever owned! The accompanying book proved to be very helpful illustrating tricks for us to learn with step-by-step directions. Our kiddos aren't quite old enough to really keep the yo-yo going, but B became an expert and entertained all of us for quite a while:) If you have a yo-yo lover, this would make a great gift! ABCD Diaries gives the AeroSpin an A+!
Find out more about the AeroSpin at Aerobie!
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Style LC511 from the SCALA COLLEZIONE BRAND is a very popular styles because it is feminine, chic and functional which is as perfect as a sunhat can be! It features a 4 inch brim- and an external bow trim that actually is a functional sizing tie--so that the hat is truly one size fits all.
Another great benefit is its pack ability and recovery. It is light weight and bounces back into shape 1-2-3, therefore it can be easily stored in a beach bag or taken away on vacation. This hat is also ideal to wear at home for a walk and other activities like gardening. The styling can be paired with casual wear, beach wear and looks glamorous with a sundress. It is one size fits all and comes in classic and pop color ways including turquoise, lime, fuchsia, white, natural, tan and black.
This Ribbon Crusher style (also known as The Tres Jolie on the website) can be purchased at http://www.hartfordyork.com/product/6705/scala-womens-hats for the affordable price of $30. Amazing--to have all that quality, style and protection at that price! BUT BETTER YET--for our readers, the hat will be available from 5/10/12 through 6/30/12 for a 20% deduction which means $24 for you lucky followers.
What we thought: This is the pewrfect sun hat for summer! You get a super stylish hat in hot summer colors like Black, Lime, Fuchsia and Natural that actually provides superb coverage and sun protection while keeping you looking great! This hat is great for the beach bag or the suitcase since it flattens and pops back up perfectly. If you are looking for an affordable hat that will keep you protected all summer long in style, take advantage of the super sizzling 20% off deal! ABCD Diaries gives the Sacla Collezione an A+!
"Levaqua's OneTouch FH220 gives you unsurpassed control and comfort at your fingertips. Digital technology built inside of the showerhead allows you to easily select from one of 9 digital settings. Choose from 4 invigorating sprays with one touch of a button. Conserve water three ways with Eco Spray, Pause or Timer settings. Set the timer for 5 or 10 minutes and the shower will give you a quick signal when time is up. This unique showerhead features 2 pre-programmed SPA settings, designed to Relax or Energize. Each 5-minute program varies spray patterns to create a luxurious spa experience. Use your shower to its fullest potential with Levaqua's OneTouch FH220.
Installs in seconds and replaces and existing shower head"
What we thought: This is a really cool showerhead! It has so many neat features! I love the timer function and the pause setting...this really lets us reduce our water consumption which is great for our water bill AND the Earth:) The Spa Settings are great as well and provide really relaxing and refreshing spray options! Not to mention this showerhead is easy on the eyes and looks great in our bathroom! ABCD Diaries gives this Digital Showerhead from Levaqua an A+!
"The legend and lore of the Wild West holds a strong allure for kids and grown-ups alike. Whether it conjures up images of cowboys riding ponies across the wide-open range or singing songs by the campfire, music of the old West represents a great American tradition that holds a timeless appeal.
Putumayo Kids captures the freedom of the cowpoke’s life with Cowboy Playground, a galloping collection of songs by artists such as Western music stalwarts Riders in the Sky andDon Edwards. Children’s cowboy music star Buck Howdy sings his funny tall tale tune “Pecos Bill” while classics including “Home on the Range” (recorded just for this release by Oregon children’s artist Victor Johnson), “Whoopie Ti Yi Yo” (performed by Canadian artist-rancher Ian Tyson) and “Don’t Fence Me In” ( jazzily arranged for Putumayo Kids by Seattle kids’ artist Johnny Bregar) are familiar even to city slickers. At the end of the day, as millions of stars twinkle in the sky, the Dale Evans-inspired band Cowboy Envy wishes everyone “Happy Trails."
Putumayo Kids CDs are available through retailers in more than 80 countries. With dozens of CDs and a new World Culture collection of products, the company is committed to introducing children to the world through engaging international music.
Visit www.putumayokids.com for more information.
What we thought: This CD is full of some of our favorite cowboy songs like "Don't Fence Me In," "Home on the Range," "Back in the Saddle Again" and "Whoopie Ti Yo Yo." These songs and many others are wonderfully performed and the kiddos loved singing and dancing to them. They even got out the stick horses and had a great time playing cowboys:) This is a fantastic CD and we can't wait to take it on a road trip this June. It will be fun for the kiddos AND the adults:) ABCD Diaries gives Cowboy Playground an A+!
"Find your perfect rhinestone t-shirt or make your own custom t-shirt design online. Just Jen has sparkling clothing for women, girls and toddlers. Shop our exquisite styles of birthday t-shirts, bride shirts, cheerleading t-shirts, bridal clothing and big sister t-shirts. Shirts are shipped within 1 business day, not weeks!"
What we thought: This was such a great shirt! It was comfy and sparkly and fit just right. Just Jen tees would make great gifts and they have a huge selection of design styles and shirt styles to make any occasion memorable. You can even custom order a design! Shipping is super fast and the prices are competitive. The shirts are well-made...even after being worn and washed several time my shirt still looks like new and I get compliments on it every time I wear it! ABCD Diaries gives Just Jen tees an A+!
"A sad turn of events leaves Moo Kitty alone, grieving and frightened of the world beyond his rose garden. Love, compassion and friendship are just some of the life lessons that Moo Kitty learns on his journey to find a new home. Join Moo and his friends in this charming and beautifully illustrated story."
What we thought: This story teaches important lessons of faith and acceptance in a beautifully illustrated tale about a cute cat. The kiddos really enjoyed this story. It really is a great way to explain tough issues to children and helps to instill the ideas of responsibility and acceptance. ABCD Diaries gives this book an A!
"The Ozeri Pro Electric Wine Opener in Rubberized Black makes opening wine bottles easy while entertaining your guests at the same time. Designed for home and restaurant use, its latest generation battery now opens up to 40 wine bottles with the gentle push of a button, all on a single charge. The Ozeri Pro Electric Wine Opener is completely cordless and includes an elegant recharging base with an LED charging indicator. The Pro also ships with a free always handy foil cutter to remove wine seals, and a bonus wine pourer and stopper. The Ozeri Pro Electric Wine Opener opens both natural and synthetic corks. It also boasts a new ultra light-weight design, a faster motor, and an ergonomic rubberized soft grip for effortless handling. Use it at home or take it with you to impress your hosts and guests before the first sip."
What we thought: Looking for great gift for Father's Day, a wedding or even a college grad? The Ozeri Pro Electric Wine Bottle Opener is a great gift to celebrate any of these occasions! It is sleek and stylish and makes opening wine bottles effortless. The opener charges quickly and works really well. Any wine lover would really enjoy this opener!
ABCD Diaries gives the Ozeri Pro Electric Wine Opener an A+!
Check Ozeri out on Facebook!
"The Ozeri Artesio Electric Grinder by Ozeri is the ultimate accompaniment to any dinning setting where a touch of fresh pepper (or salt) goes a long way. Designed to operate effortlessly, the Artesio combines an adjustable ceramic grinding mechanism with a battery-powered engine for push-button easy dispensing of pepper (or salt). Marketed almost exclusively by word of mouth, the battery powered Artesio consistently wins applause with its ability to grind peppercorns, salt and spices. The Artesio Electric Grinder by Ozeri also boasts an ultra-soft non-slip grip, and a built-in light for low-lit dining ambiances. The Artesio requires no assembly, and runs on 4 AA batteries (not included)."
What we thought: This pepper mill is fantastic! It is super easy to use and works not only on peppercorns, but salt and other spices as well. It grinds perfectly and is a breeze for the whole family to use. It is really well-made and would make a great Father's Day gift! ABCD Diaries gives the Artesio Electric Pepper Mill from Ozeri an A+!
"Secret Agent 23 Skidoo, which Time Out New York Kids magazine just named one of America's top 10 Best Bands for Kids, will releaseMake Believers on May 22nd, 2012 ($15 CD/$9.99 digital), available from Underground Playground Records, iTunes and various retailers.
Secret Agent 23 Skidoo fuses empowering messages with traditional hip hop beats and a dizzying range of musical styles from punky-garage rock to funky-vintage R&B and even muy caliente salsa rhythms.
Secret Agent 23 Skidoo launches his new indie record label, Underground Playground Records, with the release of Make Believers. The label’s name captures the mission and vibe of his brand of family music. “Childhood is such an absolutely unique experience, so potent and beautiful, and when you become a parent you enter a special subculture. Families deserve songs about their experience, and we want to celebrate those stages of life through these songs,” explains Secret Agent 23 Skidoo.
Secret Agent 23 Skidoo turns the typical kiddie story-song on its head by employing a level of musical and lyrical complexity rarely seen in the family genre. Make Believers opens with an energetic adaptation of the classic Jack in the Beanstalk fairytale, “Magic Beans,” in which young Jack ignores the negativity around him to forge ahead with his dreams. Other original songs offer endless encouragement for kids to use their innate intelligence (“Brainstorm”), bravery (“Hi-5 for the High Dive” and “Hot Sauce”), and imagination (“Make the Future”)."
What we thought: This CD was a lot of fun! We loved singing and dancing to the hip beats of Secret Agent 23 Skidoo. The songs are engaging and well-written and a great twist on kid's music that even gets the parents singing along:) This would make a great addition to any children's music library. ABCD Diarirs gives this CD an A+!
"The AVEENO® Be An Active Natural Fund™ will support those that are leading community projects that benefit others in need, educate on a healthy lifestyle and give back to the environment. We will be rewarding eight $10,000 grants to individuals who are committed to making a difference.
· PRESERVE - Preserving, restoring and improving the local environment"
Do you want to win the new PURE RENEWAL™2-in-1 Shampoo & Conditioner? | 2019-04-24T20:58:21Z | http://www.abcd-diaries.com/2012/05/ |
where is the download section in udemy where is the download section in udemy Are you seeking means to succeed in organisation advancement? Do you wish to expand your vision for taking your service to new elevations? You don’t have the deluxe of time to obtain enrolled in a company university to find out these methods. No need to stress, today the option to every issue is just a click away.
Today the Internet has actually just transformed every element of life. You can sign up online for learning whatever you want right from the scratch. This allows you to discover brand-new points whenever as well as anywhere you want. Sometimes, you have to pay some dollars to appreciate this luxury of on the internet discovering. There are several online tutoring discussion forums available. Nowadays Udemy and also Linda are just one of one of the most popular online understanding internet sites.
where is the download section in udemy where is the download section in udemy Udemy brings amazing discounts as well as cost-free discovering possibilities currently!
Udemy brings you various udemy coupons discount rate. Through these udemy coupons you could find out an exceptionally helpful service growth training course by paying a little quantity of the real cost. Additionally, if you keep searching udemy acutely, there are numerous programs readily available as “buy udemy courses totally free” deal.
Finest of all, in this guide we bring you some most efficient understanding suggestions as well as details about learning with Udemy for completely complimentary of price. All you require is a net connection as well as you ready to go. We are here to bring you all the tips for cracking the code of organisation advancement and boost your firm with success.
If you are also keen to break the code of successful service growth, you must be familiar with the tactics for that. You need to get your practical the points like network structure, approach production, as well as everything concerning cold emailing and cold calls.
There are many courses where you could make use of udemy promo codes price cut for finding out the things like managing partners and also the clever ways for closing deals.
You could get udemy programs complimentary for obtaining to recognize your company companions and also clients extra. Perhaps, this is one of the most important element for making an organisation effective; “understanding the mind of individuals”.
Are you looking for ways to stand out in organisation development? You do not have the high-end of time to get registered in a service university to learn these tactics.
You could authorize up online for discovering whatever you want right from the scratch. This enables you to discover brand-new points whenever and also wherever you desire. These days Udemy and also Linda are one of the most prominent on-line understanding websites.
Udemy brings great discounts as well as complimentary learning chances currently!
Udemy brings you various udemy promo codes discount rate. Via these udemy coupons you could find out an unbelievably helpful service growth training course by paying a little amount of the actual rate. Moreover, if you maintain surfing udemy acutely, there are several training courses offered as “buy udemy courses for free” deal.
Ideal of all, in this overview we bring you some most reliable knowing ideas as well as information about finding out through Udemy for completely free of expense. All you need is an internet link as well as you ready to go. We are here to bring you all the suggestions for fracturing the code of company advancement and enhance your firm with success.
If you are also keen to fracture the code of successful business advancement, you should learn more about the tactics for that. You need to obtain your practical things like network building, strategy production, and whatever about cold emailing and also cold calls.
There are many courses where you could obtain udemy discount coupons discount rate for learning the things like taking care of partners and also the smart methods for shutting bargains.
You could purchase udemy programs totally free for reaching understand your company partners and customers extra. Maybe, this is the most essential variable for making a business effective; “understanding the mind of people”.
We all have read about the first-class successful as well as worldwide famous company companies like Google, Uber, AirBnB, and Microsoft. However have you ever thought just what made them so successful besides their tireless CEOs? These business are making millions of bucks in a day since they learned how you can look past the standard advertising and marketing as well as sales designs.
Locating an appropriate collaboration chance is the greatest video game changer for your service development.
Yes, only being a determined business owner you can not make a service development successful. You have to understand precisely just what you are doing as well as how you are doing. Discovering the art of doing helpful partnerships with the “best partners” is whatever you should know to dominate your competitors.
You have to grow their startup to a huge company, for that matter you have to find the right collaboration channels for service growth.
You will certainly find out the methods to locate the appropriate companions for your company startup. Udemy will teach you whatever.
Exactly what are the core service development concepts Udemy complimentary training courses can show you?
We have actually searched the udemy library and also have looked all the materials of some top suggested company advancement programs for you. Below are some highlighted attributes of these courses which you can conveniently obtain by using demy discount coupons discounts.
Renovation in creating leading as well as enhancing the sales is the important aspect for business growth.
Establishing up well-defined concerns and also sales’ goals will certainly lead to the most reliable marketing technique. An effective marketing method will bring assured success to your company.
Digital marketing as well as advertising via social networks platforms are playing a pivotal function today for faster growth of any kind of business. Udemy will show you ideal abilities for appropriate social networks advertising techniques of your start-up.
Appropriate and effective means of pitching your concepts to new customers are extremely vital. Udemy training courses will teach you wise ways to boost these abilities.
Market division is maybe the most important concept to recognize when we speak concerning advanced ways for successful organisation development. If you truly recognize this principle, you could take your company development to a following degree.
Comprehending the means for efficient group management is really required. This will assist you optimize your techniques of business development with a fantastic team on board to make that happen.
Even if you don’t have a significant funding for financial investment, these Udemy courses will supply you with imaginative concepts for scaling up your company. These million buck concepts will certainly take you ahead in the race also if you have no money to broaden your startup.
Eager market study as well as deep evaluation will help you establish a successful method. You will discover programs on udemy, they will teach you how you can construct and also deconstruct a sales and also advertising and marketing approach for the greater inbound capital.
When there is a great deal of reliable guidelines is offered on udemy, why won’t you make use of that to grow your start-up. Keep constant in whatever you are pursuing and you will come to be a successful business owner.
We all have actually found out about the superior successful and around the world popular company companies like Google, Uber, AirBnB, as well as Microsoft. However have you ever before thought just what made them so effective besides their hard-working CEOs? These business are making millions of dollars in a day since they discovered how you can look beyond the standard advertising and also sales models.
Yes, just being an identified business owner you can not make a service growth effective. You need to recognize specifically just what you are doing and exactly how you are doing. Finding out the art of doing valuable collaborations with the “right companions” is whatever you should know to control your rivals.
You have to grow their start-up to a huge firm, for that matter you need to locate the best collaboration networks for service development.
where is the download section in udemy Exactly what are the core organisation development ideas Udemy free programs can show you?
We have actually searched the udemy library and also have searched all the contents of some leading suggested business development training courses for you. Below are some highlighted features of these courses which you could easily make use by utilizing demy discount coupons discounts.
We recommend you to look as well as look for your relevant courses on udemy to explore the globe of company success.
Setting up well-defined top priorities and sales’ goals will lead to the most reliable marketing approach. An effective marketing technique will certainly bring ensured success to your service.
Digital marketing and also advertising and marketing through social media platforms are playing a pivotal duty today for faster development of any service. Udemy will certainly teach you ideal abilities for appropriate social media sites marketing techniques of your startup.
Appropriate and also effective methods of pitching your suggestions to brand-new customers are extremely vital. Udemy training courses will educate you wise methods to boost these abilities.
6. Market division is possibly the most essential concept to recognize when we discuss advanced methods for effective organisation growth. If you actually understand this idea, you could take your company growth to a next level. Udemy cost-free programs will certainly aid you to recognize this concept in information.
7. Understanding the means for effective group management is really needed. If you understand how you can keep your group together to earn them place in their best shots, you are already there. This will certainly assist you optimize your methods of company growth with a fantastic group on board to earn that take place.
Even if you don’t have a huge funding for investment, these Udemy programs will certainly provide you with imaginative suggestions for scaling up your company. These million dollar suggestions will take you ahead in the race even if you have no cash to expand your startup.
Keen marketing research and also deep analysis will certainly help you develop a successful method. You will discover programs on udemy, they will certainly show you how you can construct as well as deconstruct a sales and also advertising and marketing approach for the greater inbound capital.
When there is a lot of effective standards is offered on udemy, why won’t you make use of that to expand your start-up. Stay regular in whatever you are going after and also you will come to be a successful entrepreneur.
where is the download section in udemy where is the download section in udemy Are you looking for ways to succeed in organisation growth? You don’t have the deluxe of time to obtain enrolled in a service university to learn these techniques.
You could authorize up online for finding out whatever you desire right from the scrape. This allows you to find out brand-new things whenever as well as wherever you want. These days Udemy and Linda are one of the most preferred on-line discovering internet sites.
where is the download section in udemy where is the download section in udemy Udemy brings amazing discounts and totally free discovering possibilities currently!
Udemy brings you various udemy coupons discount rate. Via these udemy coupons you could learn an exceptionally valuable service development course by paying a little quantity of the real cost. Furthermore, if you keep browsing udemy acutely, there are several courses readily available as “buy udemy courses totally free” offer.
However finest of all, in this overview we bring you some most reliable learning suggestions and also information regarding finding out through Udemy for absolutely free. All you need is a web connection and also you are good to go. We are right here to bring you all the suggestions for cracking the code of business development as well as improve your business with success.
If you are as well keen to fracture the code of successful business advancement, you need to learn more about the methods for that. You need to obtain your practical things like network building, method making, and also every little thing regarding cold emailing and also cool calls.
There are many training courses where you could avail udemy vouchers discount for learning the points like handling companions and the wise means for shutting offers.
No doubt, there are several various other factors involved in making a service growth effective. Comprehending the human psychology is one of them.
You could buy udemy programs cost-free for obtaining to understand your service partners as well as customers a lot more. Perhaps, this is the most important aspect for making a company successful; “comprehending the mind of people”.
Are you seeking means to master company development? Do you want to expand your vision for taking your business to brand-new heights? However you don’t have the deluxe of time to obtain enrolled in an organisation university to discover these methods. No should stress, today the service to every problem is simply a click away.
You could sign up online for finding out whatever you desire right from the scrape. This permits you to learn brand-new things whenever and anywhere you desire. These days Udemy and Linda are one of the most preferred on-line learning sites.
Udemy brings you numerous udemy coupons discount. With these udemy discount coupons you can find out an exceptionally useful company growth program by paying a little quantity of the real rate. If you maintain surfing udemy acutely, there are a number of courses offered as “buy udemy courses for free” deal.
Finest of all, in this guide we bring you some most effective discovering tips and also information concerning learning via Udemy for completely cost-free of cost. All you require is a net link and you ready to go. We are below to bring you all the suggestions for fracturing the code of service advancement as well as increase your company with success.
If you are also eager to break the code of effective company advancement, you have to be familiar with the tactics for that. You need to get your hands on the important things like network structure, strategy making, as well as whatever concerning chilly emailing as well as cold calling.
There are lots of training courses where you can avail udemy promo codes discount rate for learning things like managing partners and also the wise methods for closing bargains.
No question, there are many other variables associated with making a service advancement effective. Understanding the human psychology is just one of them.
You can purchase udemy programs totally free for getting to understand your business partners and customers more. Possibly, this is the most essential factor for making a business successful; “recognizing the mind of individuals”.
Most of us have actually become aware of the excellent effective and also internationally well-known service companies like Google, Uber, AirBnB, as well as Microsoft. But have you ever before believed exactly what made them so effective besides their hard-working CEOs? These companies are making millions of dollars in a day since they learned the best ways to look past the traditional marketing as well as sales models.
Finding a right collaboration possibility is the most significant game changer for your service development.
Yes, only being a figured out entrepreneur you could not make a business development effective. You have to recognize exactly just what you are doing and how you are doing. Discovering the art of doing beneficial collaborations with the “appropriate companions” is every little thing you need to know to dominate your competitors.
You have to grow their start-up to a big firm, for that matter you need to find the appropriate collaboration networks for service development.
You will certainly discover the methods to locate the best companions for your company start-up. Udemy will certainly show you everything.
Exactly what are the core organisation development ideas Udemy complimentary courses can show you?
We have surfed the udemy library and also have actually looked all the contents of some top recommended business growth programs for you. Below are some highlighted functions of these programs which you can conveniently make use of by utilizing demy coupons discounts.
We suggest you to take a look and also look for your relevant training courses on udemy to check out the world of service success.
Setting up distinct top priorities as well as sales’ objectives will certainly lead to the most efficient marketing strategy. An efficient advertising approach will bring ensured success to your organisation.
Digital advertising and marketing and advertising and marketing through social media sites systems are playing an essential function today for faster development of any type of organisation. Udemy will certainly educate you finest skills for correct social networks advertising techniques of your startup.
Proper and also effective ways of pitching your concepts to new clients are extremely critical. Udemy programs will certainly show you wise ways to improve these abilities.
6. Market segmentation is probably one of the most essential idea to understand when we speak about innovative ways for successful organisation advancement. If you actually understand this principle, you could take your service advancement to a following degree. Udemy cost-free training courses will certainly assist you to recognize this principle in information.
7. Understanding the means for reliable group monitoring is very needed. If you recognize the best ways to maintain your group with each other to earn them place in their best shots, you are currently there. This will assist you maximize your strategies of service growth with a great team on board to make that take place.
Also if you don’t have a massive capital for investment, these Udemy courses will certainly offer you with imaginative ideas for scaling up your company. These million buck concepts will certainly take you in advance in the race also if you have no loan to broaden your startup.
Keen marketing research and also deep analysis will aid you establish a successful approach. You will certainly discover courses on udemy, they will certainly instruct you ways to construct and deconstruct a sales and advertising and marketing strategy for the greater inbound capital.
In the end, we suggest you maintain your eyes open. Prior to you take a leap constantly consider all the feasible variables. When there is a lot of effective standards is offered on udemy, why won’t you use that to grow your start-up. Remain regular in whatever you are going after and also you will certainly come to be an effective businessman. All the best!
All of us have actually found out about the top-notch successful and internationally well-known organisation companies like Google, Uber, AirBnB, and Microsoft. Yet have you ever believed just what made them so effective besides their hard-working CEOs? These firms are making numerous dollars in a day since they learned how to look beyond the standard advertising and marketing as well as sales versions.
Yes, just being a determined business owner you can not make an organisation advancement successful. You have to understand exactly what you are doing and also just how you are doing. Discovering the art of doing valuable partnerships with the “best partners” is everything you require to understand to dominate your competitors.
You need to expand their start-up to a huge company, for that matter you need to find the right collaboration channels for service development.
You will find out the ways to locate the best partners for your company startup. Udemy will certainly instruct you whatever.
where is the download section in udemy Exactly what are the core business development ideas Udemy complimentary training courses can teach you?
We have actually browsed the udemy collection and also have searched all the contents of some top suggested service advancement courses for you. Below are some highlighted attributes of these training courses which you could easily make use using demy promo codes price cuts.
We recommend you to look and look for your appropriate courses on udemy to discover the globe of business success.
Renovation in creating leading and also boosting the sales is the essential factor for company advancement.
Establishing up distinct concerns and also sales’ purposes will lead to the most effective marketing strategy. A reliable advertising approach will bring assured success to your organisation.
Digital advertising and also advertising and marketing through social media sites platforms are playing a crucial function today for faster development of any kind of organisation. Udemy will teach you best skills for correct social media sites marketing techniques of your start-up.
5. Appropriate and effective means of pitching your concepts to new customers are extremely crucial. You need some skills for this. Udemy courses will educate you clever methods to boost these abilities.
6. Market division is possibly the most crucial idea to understand when we speak about innovative ways for effective company development. If you actually understand this principle, you could take your company growth to a following degree. Udemy cost-free programs will aid you to recognize this concept carefully.
Comprehending the means for reliable team monitoring is very necessary. This will aid you optimize your approaches of business growth with a fantastic team on board to make that take place.
Also if you don’t have a huge capital for financial investment, these Udemy programs will supply you with innovative suggestions for scaling up your company. These million dollar concepts will take you in advance in the race also if you have no cash to expand your start-up.
Keen market research study and also deep analysis will certainly help you establish a successful approach. You will locate training courses on udemy, they will certainly show you ways to construct as well as deconstruct a sales and advertising approach for the greater incoming capital.
In the end, we recommend you keep your eyes open. Prior to you take a jump constantly take into consideration all the feasible variables. When there is a great deal of reliable guidelines is available on udemy, why won’t you make use of that to expand your start-up. Stay constant in whatever you are pursuing as well as you will certainly end up being an effective entrepreneur. All the best!
where is the download section in udemy where is the download section in udemy Are you trying to find methods to master company development? Do you intend to broaden your vision for taking your business to brand-new elevations? You don’t have the high-end of time to get signed up in an organisation university to find out these strategies. No requirement to fret, today the remedy to every trouble is simply a click away.
You can sign up online for learning whatever you desire right from the scratch. This permits you to learn new points whenever and anywhere you desire. These days Udemy and Linda are one of the most popular on the internet knowing sites.
where is the download section in udemy where is the download section in udemy Udemy brings great discounts and cost-free learning opportunities currently!
Udemy brings you various udemy vouchers discount rate. Via these udemy discount coupons you could find out an incredibly helpful company development course by paying a little amount of the actual rate. If you maintain surfing udemy acutely, there are numerous training courses readily available as “buy udemy courses for free” offer.
Yet finest of all, in this overview we bring you some most effective learning tips and also details concerning learning through Udemy for absolutely cost-free of price. All you require is a web link and you are excellent to go. We are here to bring you all the tips for cracking the code of business advancement and increase your company with success.
If you are as well keen to crack the code of effective company growth, you must obtain to understand the techniques for that. You need to obtain your practical the important things like network structure, method production, and also whatever about chilly emailing and cool calls.
There are numerous programs where you can obtain udemy coupons discount for finding out the points like managing partners as well as the wise methods for closing deals.
No question, there are numerous other elements included in making a service development effective. Recognizing the human psychology is just one of them.
You could acquire udemy training courses complimentary for reaching recognize your company companions and clients more. Maybe, this is one of the most crucial variable for making an organisation successful; “understanding the mind of individuals”.
Are you looking for ways to excel in organisation advancement? You don’t have the deluxe of time to obtain enrolled in a service university to find out these strategies.
Today the Internet has actually just reinvented every aspect of life. You could join online for finding out whatever you want right from the scrape. This enables you to learn new things whenever as well as anywhere you want. In some situations, you need to pay some bucks to enjoy this deluxe of on-line understanding. There are a number of online tutoring online forums out there. These days Udemy and Linda are one of the most prominent online learning sites.
Udemy brings trendy discount rates and free learning chances currently!
Udemy brings you various udemy vouchers discount. Through these udemy promo codes you could learn an extremely helpful organisation development course by paying a little amount of the actual price. If you keep searching udemy keenly, there are several courses available as “buy udemy courses for free” deal.
Ideal of all, in this guide we bring you some most reliable learning pointers as well as information regarding learning via Udemy for entirely complimentary of expense. All you need is an internet connection and you are great to go. We are right here to bring you all the pointers for breaking the code of organisation advancement as well as boost your firm with success.
If you are also eager to fracture the code of successful service growth, you need to get to understand the strategies for that. You need to get your practical the important things like network building, approach production, as well as every little thing regarding cold emailing and also chilly calls.
There are numerous training courses where you could obtain udemy promo codes price cut for learning things like handling partners and the wise means for closing offers.
You could purchase udemy training courses free for reaching comprehend your organisation partners and customers more. Perhaps, this is the most vital aspect for making a business effective; “comprehending the mind of people”.
All of us have actually found out about the top-notch effective and also globally renowned service companies like Google, Uber, AirBnB, and also Microsoft. Have you ever thought exactly what made them so effective besides their tireless CEOs? These business are making millions of dollars in a day since they learned how to look beyond the traditional marketing as well as sales versions.
Locating a best partnership opportunity is the greatest game changer for your organisation development.
Yes, just being a determined entrepreneur you can not make a service development successful. You have to understand specifically just what you are doing and also just how you are doing. Finding out the art of doing helpful collaborations with the “appropriate companions” is every little thing you have to recognize to dominate your competitors.
You have to grow their start-up to a huge firm, for that matter you have to locate the right partnership networks for organisation development.
You will discover the ways to locate the appropriate partners for your organisation startup. Udemy will certainly show you every little thing.
We have actually surfed the udemy library and have actually looked all the components of some leading recommended organisation growth training courses for you. Below are some highlighted features of these training courses which you can conveniently get by using demy vouchers discount rates.
We suggest you to have an appearance and search for your pertinent training courses on udemy to explore the globe of business success.
Improvement in creating leading and also enhancing the sales is the important factor for service development.
2. Establishing well-defined concerns and also sales’ purposes will cause one of the most effective advertising and marketing approach. An effective advertising method will bring guaranteed success to your business. This is referred to as development hacking.
Digital advertising and also advertising via social networks platforms are playing an essential duty today for faster growth of any type of service. Udemy will certainly show you best skills for appropriate social media sites marketing techniques of your startup.
5. Appropriate and also reliable means of pitching your suggestions to brand-new clients are very important. You require some abilities for this. Udemy programs will instruct you clever means to improve these abilities.
6. Market segmentation is probably one of the most crucial idea to recognize when we discuss sophisticated methods for successful service development. If you truly recognize this idea, you could take your organisation advancement to a following degree. Udemy free courses will certainly assist you to recognize this concept carefully.
7. Comprehending the methods for reliable group administration is very essential. If you know exactly how to maintain your team with each other to earn them place in their best initiatives, you are currently there. This will certainly aid you optimize your techniques of organisation advancement with an excellent team on board to make that take place.
Also if you don’t have a significant funding for investment, these Udemy courses will give you with innovative suggestions for scaling up your business. These million dollar concepts will certainly take you in advance in the race also if you have no loan to broaden your start-up.
Eager marketing research and also deep evaluation will help you develop a successful method. You will discover courses on udemy, they will teach you ways to create and also deconstruct a sales and also advertising and marketing approach for the better incoming money circulation.
Ultimately, we recommend you maintain your eyes open. Before you take a leap constantly consider all the feasible aspects. When there is a great deal of effective guidelines is available on udemy, why will not you use that to expand your startup. Stay regular in whatever you are seeking and you will end up being an effective businessman. Great luck!
Most of us have actually read about the superior effective and internationally popular service companies like Google, Uber, AirBnB, as well as Microsoft. Have you ever before assumed just what made them so effective besides their hard-working CEOs? These companies are making numerous bucks in a day due to the fact that they found out how you can look past the conventional marketing and also sales designs.
Locating an ideal collaboration chance is the most significant video game changer for your service growth.
Yes, just being an identified entrepreneur you could not make an organisation development successful. You have to recognize exactly just what you are doing and also exactly how you are doing. Finding out the art of doing useful partnerships with the “appropriate companions” is everything you should understand to control your competitors.
You need to grow their startup to a large company, for that issue you have to find the right collaboration channels for business growth.
You will certainly discover the methods to find the ideal companions for your service startup. Udemy will certainly educate you everything.
where is the download section in udemy Just what are the core business advancement concepts Udemy cost-free programs can show you?
We have browsed the udemy library and also have actually searched all the components of some leading suggested organisation development programs for you. Below are some highlighted attributes of these programs which you can conveniently obtain using demy discount coupons discounts.
We recommend you to have an appearance and search for your appropriate training courses on udemy to discover the globe of organisation success.
Renovation in generating leading and boosting the sales is the vital variable for business development.
Establishing up well-defined concerns and sales’ objectives will certainly lead to the most efficient marketing approach. An effective advertising approach will bring guaranteed success to your organisation.
Digital advertising as well as marketing through social networks systems are playing an essential role today for faster growth of any organisation. Udemy will certainly teach you best skills for correct social media sites advertising strategies of your start-up.
Appropriate as well as reliable methods of pitching your suggestions to brand-new customers are really critical. Udemy training courses will certainly instruct you smart methods to enhance these abilities.
Market division is probably the most important principle to understand when we talk regarding innovative means for effective organisation advancement. If you really comprehend this principle, you could take your service advancement to a following degree.
Comprehending the ways for reliable group administration is really essential. This will certainly aid you enhance your techniques of business development with a fantastic team on board to make that happen.
Also if you do not have a big resources for investment, these Udemy programs will certainly supply you with creative ideas for scaling up your service. These million buck ideas will take you ahead in the race even if you have no loan to broaden your start-up.
Keen market study and also deep analysis will help you establish an effective strategy. You will locate training courses on udemy, they will educate you the best ways to build and also deconstruct a sales and advertising and marketing method for the higher incoming cash money circulation.
In the end, we recommend you keep your eyes open. Prior to you take a jump always think about all the feasible factors. When there is a great deal of reliable guidelines is available on udemy, why will not you make use of that to expand your start-up. Stay consistent in whatever you are seeking and also you will certainly end up being a successful business owner. Great luck!
where is the download section in udemy where is the download section in udemy Are you looking for methods to master organisation advancement? Do you desire to increase your vision for taking your company to brand-new elevations? Yet you don’t have the luxury of time to obtain registered in an organisation university to find out these techniques. No should stress, today the solution to every trouble is simply a click away.
Today the Internet has actually simply transformed every facet of life. You can authorize up online for learning whatever you desire right from the scratch. This enables you to find out brand-new things whenever and also wherever you want. Sometimes, you need to pay some dollars to appreciate this high-end of online learning. There are several online tutoring discussion forums around. Nowadays Udemy as well as Linda are one of the most preferred on the internet learning websites.
where is the download section in udemy where is the download section in udemy Udemy brings trendy discount rates and also complimentary understanding possibilities currently!
Udemy brings you different udemy promo codes price cut. Through these udemy promo codes you can discover an unbelievably useful organisation advancement training course by paying a little amount of the actual price. Furthermore, if you keep surfing udemy keenly, there are a number of programs offered as “buy udemy courses absolutely free” offer.
Yet best of all, in this guide we bring you some most efficient knowing suggestions as well as info about discovering with Udemy for entirely free. All you need is a net connection as well as you ready to go. We are right here to bring you all the ideas for splitting the code of service growth as well as improve your firm with success.
If you are as well eager to fracture the code of successful business growth, you need to get to know the methods for that. You need to obtain your practical the important things like network structure, method production, and also whatever about chilly emailing and also cool calls.
There are many programs where you could obtain udemy promo codes price cut for learning the important things like taking care of partners and also the smart means for closing deals.
No doubt, there are numerous other variables included in making a business development successful. Comprehending the human psychology is among them.
You can buy udemy programs totally free for reaching recognize your business companions and also customers much more. Probably, this is one of the most vital element for making a business effective; “understanding the mind of individuals”.
Are you searching for ways to succeed in company advancement? Do you wish to broaden your vision for taking your business to new elevations? However you don’t have the luxury of time to obtain registered in a business university to find out these strategies. No should worry, today the remedy to every trouble is just a click away.
Today the Internet has just reinvented every aspect of life. You can join online for finding out whatever you desire right from the scratch. This allows you to discover brand-new things whenever and also any place you want. In some instances, you need to pay some dollars to enjoy this high-end of on the internet discovering. There are numerous on-line tutoring discussion forums out there. Nowadays Udemy and also Linda are among the most popular on-line knowing websites.
Udemy brings cool discounts and totally free knowing chances now!
Udemy brings you different udemy vouchers discount. Through these udemy vouchers you can learn an extremely beneficial organisation growth training course by paying a little amount of the real cost. In addition, if you maintain browsing udemy acutely, there are numerous training courses offered as “buy udemy courses free of charge” offer.
Yet ideal of all, in this overview we bring you some most reliable understanding pointers and also information about finding out via Udemy for entirely free. All you require is a net link as well as you are good to go. We are right here to bring you all the ideas for fracturing the code of business development as well as boost your firm with success.
If you are also keen to crack the code of successful service development, you must be familiar with the tactics for that. You have to get your practical things like network building, method making, and also every little thing concerning chilly emailing and cool calls.
There are many programs where you can make use of udemy coupons price cut for discovering things like handling partners as well as the smart means for closing deals.
No uncertainty, there are many other factors associated with making a business development effective. Understanding the human psychology is among them.
You can get udemy training courses totally free for obtaining to recognize your organisation partners and clients more. Perhaps, this is one of the most crucial variable for making an organisation successful; “comprehending the mind of people”.
Most of us have actually read about the first-class effective and also globally well-known organisation firms like Google, Uber, AirBnB, and also Microsoft. Have you ever believed exactly what made them so effective besides their tireless CEOs? These business are making numerous bucks in a day because they discovered ways to look past the traditional advertising and sales designs.
Discovering a best collaboration possibility is the greatest game changer for your company development.
Yes, only being an identified business owner you can not make a company growth successful. You need to recognize specifically what you are doing and just how you are doing. Learning the art of doing advantageous collaborations with the “ideal partners” is everything you have to understand to dominate your competitors.
You need to expand their start-up to a huge firm, for that issue you have to locate the right partnership networks for service growth.
You will certainly learn the means to discover the right partners for your service start-up. Udemy will educate you everything.
We have surfed the udemy collection and also have actually searched all the contents of some leading suggested company advancement courses for you. Below are some highlighted functions of these courses which you can conveniently obtain by utilizing demy discount coupons discounts.
We suggest you to have an appearance and also look for your appropriate training courses on udemy to explore the globe of service success.
Setting up well-defined concerns and sales’ goals will certainly lead to the most reliable marketing method. An effective marketing strategy will certainly bring ensured success to your service.
Digital advertising and advertising via social media systems are playing a critical function today for faster development of any kind of service. Udemy will educate you best skills for appropriate social media sites advertising methods of your startup.
Proper as well as efficient ways of pitching your suggestions to new clients are extremely essential. Udemy training courses will show you smart means to boost these abilities.
6. Market segmentation is maybe one of the most vital principle to understand when we discuss advanced methods for effective business development. If you actually understand this idea, you can take your service growth to a next degree. Udemy cost-free programs will certainly help you to understand this concept thoroughly.
Recognizing the ways for reliable team monitoring is extremely required. This will certainly help you enhance your methods of business development with a fantastic group on board to make that happen.
Even if you do not have a big funding for financial investment, these Udemy training courses will certainly provide you with innovative ideas for scaling up your organisation. These million dollar concepts will take you ahead in the race even if you have no money to increase your start-up.
Eager marketing research as well as deep evaluation will certainly assist you create a successful approach. You will certainly discover programs on udemy, they will certainly show you exactly how to construct as well as deconstruct a sales as well as advertising technique for the better inbound capital.
In the end, we recommend you maintain your eyes open. Before you take a leap constantly consider all the possible variables. When there is a great deal of efficient standards is available on udemy, why will not you use that to expand your startup. Remain regular in whatever you are seeking as well as you will come to be a successful businessman. All the best!
Most of us have actually listened to regarding the first-class successful and internationally popular service companies like Google, Uber, AirBnB, as well as Microsoft. Have you ever assumed just what made them so effective besides their tireless CEOs? These business are making millions of bucks in a day since they found out how you can look past the standard advertising and marketing and sales versions.
Locating an appropriate partnership possibility is the greatest game changer for your organisation development.
Yes, only being an identified entrepreneur you could not make an organisation growth successful. You need to know specifically what you are doing and also how you are doing. Finding out the art of doing advantageous collaborations with the “best companions” is whatever you have to understand to dominate your competitors.
You have to expand their startup to a big firm, for that issue you have to locate the best partnership channels for service advancement.
You will learn the means to find the right companions for your organisation start-up. Udemy will educate you everything.
where is the download section in udemy Exactly what are the core service development principles Udemy totally free programs can instruct you?
We have browsed the udemy collection and also have actually looked all the components of some top suggested organisation development programs for you. Below are some highlighted attributes of these programs which you could conveniently make use by making use of demy promo codes discounts.
2. Establishing well-defined priorities as well as sales’ purposes will bring about the most reliable marketing approach. An efficient marketing approach will bring ensured success to your organisation. This is referred to as development hacking.
Digital advertising as well as marketing through social media systems are playing an essential role today for faster development of any kind of service. Udemy will certainly teach you ideal skills for appropriate social networks advertising techniques of your startup.
Appropriate as well as efficient methods of pitching your suggestions to new clients are extremely critical. Udemy courses will instruct you wise ways to boost these abilities.
6. Market segmentation is probably the most vital concept to comprehend when we discuss advanced methods for successful service development. If you truly recognize this concept, you could take your service growth to a following degree. Udemy cost-free courses will certainly assist you to recognize this idea in information.
7. Understanding the ways for reliable team administration is really required. If you recognize how you can keep your team with each other making them place in their finest initiatives, you are currently there. This will assist you enhance your approaches of organisation development with a great team aboard to make that take place.
Even if you do not have a substantial resources for financial investment, these Udemy programs will give you with imaginative concepts for scaling up your business. These million buck suggestions will take you in advance in the race even if you have no cash to increase your start-up.
Eager market research study and deep analysis will assist you develop a successful strategy. You will locate courses on udemy, they will instruct you how you can build as well as deconstruct a sales and also advertising strategy for the greater inbound capital.
When there is a great deal of reliable guidelines is readily available on udemy, why won’t you use that to expand your start-up. Stay constant in whatever you are going after as well as you will certainly come to be an effective entrepreneur.
where is the download section in udemy where is the download section in udemy Are you looking for ways to excel in organisation development? You don’t have the high-end of time to get enrolled in a business university to discover these strategies.
You can authorize up online for discovering whatever you desire right from the scrape. This allows you to discover new things whenever as well as anywhere you want. These days Udemy and Linda are one of the most popular on-line understanding sites.
where is the download section in udemy where is the download section in udemy Udemy brings amazing discount rates and also totally free knowing possibilities currently!
Udemy brings you different udemy coupons discount rate. Via these udemy promo codes you could discover an extremely valuable company growth training course by paying a little amount of the actual rate. If you keep searching udemy keenly, there are several courses available as “buy udemy courses for free” deal.
Best of all, in this guide we bring you some most reliable understanding pointers and also details about finding out with Udemy for totally cost-free of expense. All you require is an internet link and also you ready to go. We are below to bring you all the pointers for fracturing the code of organisation growth as well as enhance your firm with success.
If you are also keen to break the code of successful business growth, you have to get to recognize the tactics for that. You need to get your practical the important things like network building, method production, as well as every little thing about chilly emailing and also cool calling.
There are lots of programs where you could obtain udemy coupons price cut for learning things like taking care of companions and also the wise ways for closing offers.
No question, there are lots of other aspects entailed in making an organisation development successful. Understanding the human psychology is just one of them.
You could purchase udemy courses free for reaching understand your organisation partners as well as clients much more. Probably, this is one of the most essential variable for making a service successful; “recognizing the mind of people”.
Are you looking for methods to succeed in company advancement? You don’t have the deluxe of time to get registered in a service college to learn these tactics.
Today the Internet has actually simply revolutionized every facet of life. You could authorize up online for discovering whatever you desire right from the scrape. This enables you to discover brand-new points whenever as well as any place you desire. Sometimes, you have to pay some dollars to enjoy this luxury of on the internet learning. There are numerous online tutoring online forums available. These days Udemy and Linda are among the most preferred online learning sites.
Udemy brings great discount rates and also complimentary knowing opportunities currently!
Udemy brings you numerous udemy vouchers discount rate. Through these udemy vouchers you can learn an incredibly valuable business development course by paying a little amount of the actual rate. In addition, if you keep searching udemy keenly, there are several training courses offered as “buy udemy courses free of charge” offer.
Best of all, in this overview we bring you some most efficient learning suggestions and also details concerning discovering with Udemy for entirely free of expense. All you require is a net connection and you ready to go. We are right here to bring you all the ideas for cracking the code of organisation growth as well as improve your company with success.
If you are too keen to crack the code of effective service advancement, you should learn more about the strategies for that. You need to obtain your hands on the important things like network building, method production, as well as whatever concerning chilly emailing and chilly calls.
There are several training courses where you could make use udemy discount coupons price cut for discovering things like handling companions as well as the wise methods for closing deals.
No question, there are lots of other factors associated with making a business growth successful. Comprehending the human psychology is one of them.
You can purchase udemy training courses complimentary for getting to recognize your organisation companions and clients extra. Possibly, this is one of the most crucial factor for making a service effective; “comprehending the mind of individuals”.
Most of us have actually listened to concerning the superior successful and around the world popular business companies like Google, Uber, AirBnB, and also Microsoft. However have you ever before assumed what made them so successful besides their tireless CEOs? These companies are making countless dollars in a day due to the fact that they found out how you can look beyond the standard advertising and marketing and sales models.
Finding a right collaboration chance is the largest game changer for your business advancement.
Yes, just being an identified entrepreneur you can not make a business growth successful. You need to understand exactly what you are doing and just how you are doing. Learning the art of doing helpful partnerships with the “ideal companions” is everything you should know to dominate your rivals.
You have to grow their start-up to a large company, for that issue you need to locate the right collaboration networks for organisation development.
You will certainly discover the ways to find the best partners for your business start-up. Udemy will instruct you every little thing.
We have actually searched the udemy collection and have looked all the materials of some leading recommended organisation advancement courses for you. Below are some highlighted attributes of these programs which you could conveniently make use of using demy vouchers discount rates.
We recommend you to have a look and search for your pertinent programs on udemy to discover the world of organisation success.
Enhancement in creating leading as well as improving the sales is the crucial variable for organisation development.
2. Establishing well-defined top priorities as well as sales’ purposes will cause one of the most efficient advertising method. A reliable marketing technique will bring guaranteed success to your organisation. This is called development hacking.
Digital advertising and marketing and advertising and marketing through social networks platforms are playing a crucial function today for faster growth of any company. Udemy will certainly teach you ideal skills for correct social networks marketing strategies of your startup.
Appropriate and reliable methods of pitching your suggestions to brand-new customers are extremely critical. Udemy courses will certainly teach you wise means to improve these abilities.
6. Market division is possibly the most crucial principle to recognize when we speak about sophisticated means for successful service growth. If you actually understand this idea, you could take your service growth to a following level. Udemy totally free courses will assist you to comprehend this idea in detail.
Comprehending the methods for reliable team monitoring is extremely required. This will help you enhance your approaches of company advancement with a great group on board to make that take place.
Even if you do not have a massive capital for financial investment, these Udemy programs will offer you with creative suggestions for scaling up your organisation. These million dollar concepts will take you in advance in the race also if you have no cash to expand your startup.
Keen market research and deep analysis will certainly help you establish an effective method. You will find programs on udemy, they will certainly instruct you exactly how to construct and also deconstruct a sales and advertising approach for the better inbound capital.
In the long run, we recommend you maintain your eyes open. Prior to you take a leap always think about all the possible factors. When there is a great deal of efficient guidelines is offered on udemy, why won’t you make use of that to expand your start-up. Keep regular in whatever you are seeking and you will come to be a successful business owner. Good luck!
All of us have listened to about the excellent successful as well as around the world popular company firms like Google, Uber, AirBnB, and also Microsoft. Have you ever before thought just what made them so successful besides their tireless CEOs? These business are making numerous bucks in a day because they learned how you can look past the traditional advertising and marketing as well as sales models.
Yes, only being an identified entrepreneur you could not make a company growth successful. You have to know exactly just what you are doing and how you are doing. Discovering the art of doing useful partnerships with the “appropriate companions” is every little thing you require to know to control your rivals.
You need to expand their startup to a huge business, for that issue you need to discover the right collaboration channels for company advancement.
You will certainly learn the means to locate the right partners for your company startup. Udemy will educate you whatever.
where is the download section in udemy Exactly what are the core business development concepts Udemy complimentary courses can instruct you?
We have actually searched the udemy library and also have actually searched all the components of some leading advised company development training courses for you. Below are some highlighted features of these programs which you could conveniently make use of using demy discount coupons discount rates.
We suggest you to look and also look for your relevant courses on udemy to explore the globe of organisation success.
Renovation in creating leading and also improving the sales is the important element for company development.
2. Establishing up well-defined priorities as well as sales’ goals will lead to the most reliable advertising strategy. An efficient marketing method will certainly bring guaranteed success to your organisation. This is called development hacking.
Digital marketing and advertising with social media sites systems are playing a critical duty today for faster growth of any company. Udemy will certainly educate you best abilities for correct social networks advertising and marketing methods of your startup.
Proper and effective ways of pitching your concepts to brand-new clients are very crucial. Udemy programs will instruct you wise ways to boost these skills.
Market division is perhaps the most essential principle to comprehend when we talk regarding advanced means for effective business growth. If you truly recognize this idea, you could take your service development to a next level.
7. Comprehending the methods for effective team management is extremely necessary. If you know the best ways to keep your team together to earn them put in their best shots, you are already there. This will help you enhance your techniques of business development with an excellent team on board to earn that take place.
Also if you don’t have a massive funding for investment, these Udemy programs will give you with imaginative concepts for scaling up your business. These million buck ideas will certainly take you in advance in the race even if you have no cash to broaden your startup.
Keen market study and also deep analysis will certainly aid you develop a successful approach. You will certainly find courses on udemy, they will certainly show you how to create as well as deconstruct a sales and advertising and marketing strategy for the higher incoming capital.
Ultimately, we recommend you maintain your eyes open. Prior to you take a leap constantly consider all the possible variables. When there is a whole lot of efficient guidelines is readily available on udemy, why won’t you utilize that to grow your startup. Stay consistent in whatever you are seeking as well as you will certainly come to be a successful business owner. Good good luck! | 2019-04-23T09:52:38Z | https://chinacleanenergyinc.com/where-is-the-download-section-in-udemy/ |
A German seller sold to an Austrian buyer a computer printing system that comprised a printer, monitor, calculator and software. The seller delivered the printing system to the buyer. Then, the buyer gave to the seller written notice of eight deficiencies, including the absence of documentation concerning the printer, and provided an additional period of time for the seller to rectify these deficiencies. The seller sent to the buyer the printer documentation (i.e. as a single apparatus). Nonetheless, the buyer declared the contract avoided, referring to the deficiencies previously notified, but without mentioning the receipt of the documentation on the printer as a single apparatus. The seller assigned its rights under the contract. The assignee, plaintiff, sued the buyer, defendant, for payment of the purchase price. On appeal, the trial court's decision in favour of the plaintiff was reversed. The plaintiff appealed further.
Under the contract, the warranty between the seller and buyer had priority over the provisions of the CISG (article 6 CISG). However, because the warranty did not address either the period for examination of the goods, the specifications as to the deficiencies that were to be given in the notice or the reasonable time to give such notice, these matters remained governed by articles 38(1) and 39(1) CISG.
The court held that although notice by the buyer was given in time, it did not clearly specify whether the missing documentation was in respect of the entire printing system or merely the printer as a single apparatus. The seller, however, had understood the missing documentation as relating solely to the printer as a single apparatus. In order to fulfill the requirements of article 39(1), the buyer had to have described the lack of conformity with sufficient specificity so as to avoid any misunderstanding (article 39(1) CISG).
The court also held that, based solely on the claim of missing documentation, the buyer's avoidance of the contract was not effective (article 49 CISG). The court, therefore, remanded the case back to the first appellate court.
Plaintiff [seller's assignee] demands payment of the purchase price from defendant [buyer] for a computerized printing system including software arising out of an assigned right.
"The warranty covers software and hardware as a unit. The warranty period is 6 months and starts with the non-defective functioning of the system. The start of the warranty period is calculated from the installation and operational handover.
In the event that a subsequent malfunction or a defect appears later, the buyer shall give prompt written notice of this fact to [seller]. . . . If cure of the defect fails twice, the buyer may then, according to his choice, reduce the purchase price or declare the contract avoided."
On January 30, 1993, the printing system was installed at the [buyer's] offices, and on February 8, 1993, it was handed over for the purpose of commencing operation. By letter dated February 9, 1993, the [buyer] already informed [seller] of eight - 4 "open points," among others under Point 4 "Documentation of the Printer," and requested resolution by February 25, 1993 at the latest. [Seller] commented on this by letter dated February 11, 1993; it announced that the delivery of the documentation would take place during the 7th calendar week 1993.
By further letter dated March 2, 1993, the [buyer] complained that despite the additional period of time set until February 25, 1993, [seller] had not remedied the defects listed under Points 1, 2, 3, 5 and 8 of the letter dated February 9, 1993; at the same time, [the buyer] declared the contract avoided "because of non-compliance with the additional time period granted." [The buyer] did not mention the Documentation of the Printer any more.
Until now, the [buyer] has neither in total nor in part paid the purchase price, which was due in installments of 20% upon receipt of the confirmation of the order, of 60% upon announcement of delivery, and of 20% after the installation and operational handover. The Regional Court [Landgericht] granted the claim for payment of DM 65,100 in all respects. On appeal by the [buyer], the Higher Regional Court [Oberlandesgericht] revised the decision of the Regional Court and dismissed the complaint. On appeal, the [seller's assignee] requests that the judgment of the Trial Court be reinstated.
I. The Appeals Court stated: It was not necessary to decide whether the Regional Court had wrongfully assumed its local, and through that, its international jurisdiction, as the [buyer] argues. Pursuant to ZPO [*] � 512, the appeal cannot be based upon this anymore.
On the merits, however, [the Court held] the appeal of the [buyer] was successful. The [buyer] did not owe the purchase price because it was entitled to declare the contract avoided under Art. 49(1)(a) of the Uniform U.N. Sales Law (CISG), which is applicable here; the reason was that the delivered printing system did not meet the requirements of the contract within the meaning of CISG Art. 35 in any case because there was no delivery of a complete documentation. No handbook for the computer was delivered at all. The instructions to the user software given to the [buyer] met the requirements of complete documentation only to a small extent. According to the jurisprudence of the Federal Court of Justice, a complete user handbook was part of the supplier's principal obligation to perform, and the (partial) failure to perform this principal obligation entitles the buyer generally to repudiate pursuant to BGB [*] � 326.
[The Court stated that] the [buyer] had given timely notice of the defect of incomplete documentation. Under an objective and reasonable view, the chosen term "Documentation of the Printer" referred to the entire system, i.e., to the hardware as well as to the software; it was timely and sufficiently detailed. Since [seller] did not deliver complete documentation despite the [buyer's] notice of the defect, the [buyer] repudiated the contract rightfully on account of a fundamental breach of contract.
[The Court held that,] besides -- if it still mattered -- the second attempt to cure the defect failed as well, since the [seller's assignee] also remained inactive after the [buyer's] second demand of August 24, 1994. This letter by the [buyer] was also still timely; specifically, the claim for delivery of complete documentation was not time-barred. Finally, the failure to mention the insufficient documentation in the [buyer's] letter of repudiation dated March 2, 1993 did not constitute a waiver of the right to assert the defect. After all this, the [buyer] (once again) declared the contract avoided by letter dated October 12, 1994, which amounts to an avoidance under CISG Art. 64(1)(a). Therefore, pursuant to CISG Art. 81(1), it was freed from the obligation to pay the purchase price.
II. These statements do not withstand legal scrutiny.
1. The international jurisdiction, which must be analyzed sua sponte at every stage of the proceeding (BGH,[*] decision of February 3, 1993 - XII ZB 93/90 = BGHR [*] ZPO before � 1 / Competence, international, alimony 1), was wrongfully not considered by the court of appeals. The rule in ZPO � 512a cited by the court does not apply to the question of international jurisdiction (BGHZ [*] 44, 46).
The international jurisdiction of German courts follows from the general rules of jurisdiction. Accordingly, the Regional Court of Nürnberg-Fürth, acting as the trial court and constituting the venue of the contractual place of performance, had local and international jurisdiction (ZPO � 29(1)). Pursuant to CISG Art. 57(1), which applies in this case, the disputed purchase price claim (obligation which must be fulfilled at the debtor's address) had to be satisfied at the location of the seller's seat -- P. near N.; the regulation of CISG Art. 57(1)(b), according to which, under certain circumstances, the payment must take place at the location of the handover of the goods, does not apply because the conditions of payment agreed upon -- also regarding the last installment payable after the installation and operational handover of the system -- do not contain a reciprocal and simultaneous [performance] provision in the sense of the mentioned rule.
2. On the merits, the appeal is successful. The Court of Appeals based its opinion, that the [buyer] rightfully declared the contract avoided, only on the failure to deliver complete documentation of which the [buyer] gave notice. The appealed decision cannot be based upon this reasoning.
a). It can be left open, whether the contract concluded between [seller] and the [buyer] is a pure sales contract or a contract for the supply of goods to be manufactured or produced. Pursuant to CISG Art. 3(1), contracts for the supply of goods to be manufactured or produced generally are to be deemed sales contracts; therefore, the warranty provisions of the CISG apply without restriction (Schlechtriem/Herber, CISG, 2d ed., Art. 3 � 3).
b). If the [buyer] has warranty claims against the seller -- and of what kind -- primarily depends upon the warranty terms and conditions of [seller], which became part of the contract. They have priority over the CISG provisions (CISG Art. 6).
The contractual provisions merely regulate the extent, the beginning and the duration of the warranty, the obligation of the buyer to give immediate notice of the defects occurring after the handover, as well as the buyer's right to reduce the purchase price or to declare the contract avoided after attempts to cure failed twice. Apart from that, the warranty provisions of the CISG remain applicable.
aa). The latter initially apply to the timeliness of the notice of those defects that already exist at the goods' handover. To that extent, CISG Art. 38(1) provides that the buyer must examine the goods within as short a period of time as the circumstances will allow. He must give notice to the seller of any defect within a reasonable period after this point in time (CISG Art. 39(1)).
The [buyer] already complained about the "Documentation of the Printer" as an "open point" by letter dated February 9, 1993, i.e., one day after the February 8, 1993 handover of the system and instructions by an employee of the seller. Therefore, the timeliness of the notice is beyond question.
bb). We cannot agree, however, with the court of appeals insofar as it deemed the [buyer's] notice to be detailed enough with respect to the lack of complete documentation for the printer unit.
Pursuant to CISG Art. 39(1) (last clause), the buyer must, in his notice, describe with particularity the kind of lack of conformity with the contract. That way, the seller shall be enabled to get an idea of the kind of breach of contract and to take the necessary steps, e.g., to initiate a substitute or subsequent delivery. On the other hand, the demands of specificity must not be carried too far (Schlechtriem/Schwenzer, supra, Art. 39, � 6). The determination as to whether a notice of defects complies with this standard is primarily made by the trial judge.
The Court of Appeals held that the term "Documentation of the Printer" under Point 4 of the [buyer's] notice of defects dated February 9, 1993 referred to the whole unit including the software. This interpretation does not hold up against the arguments on appeal [here].
Since the printer unit delivered by the [seller] consisted of a thermal transfer printer, a color monitor, a computer and a software package, the term "printer" -- as the court of appeals did not correctly see -- was, without further specification, at least ambiguous because it could relate to the unit as well as to the individual element. Therefore, in order to meet the requirements of CISG Art. 39(1), the [buyer] would have been obligated to describe the defect in such a detailed manner that any misunderstandings were impossible and to enable the seller to determine unmistakably what was meant. Special knowledge on the part of the [buyer] was not necessary for this task because anyone who handles these kinds of systems is able to distinguish the printing system from the printer itself as an individual component. Therefore, the ambiguity of the term "printer" goes against the [buyer].
Up to now, the Court of Appeals has not reached any findings from which one could discern that the parties nevertheless understood the [buyer's] notice of defects unambiguously in the sense of the missing documentation for the entire printer unit. The [seller's assignee's] submission in the lower courts indicates the opposite, i.e., that the notice of defect really only covered the documentation for the printer. The [seller's assignee] already claimed at trial that [seller] had sent the demanded documentation for the printer by letter dated February 22, 1993 in order to settle the notice of defects concerning Point 4 of the letter dated February 9, 1993. It additionally referred to this allegation in its reply to the notice of appeal in an admissible manner (BGH, decision dated October 20, 1992 - VI ZR 361/91 = BGHR ZPO � 520(2)(1), reply to notice of appeal 1, with further citations). If the seller, in reaction to the [buyer's] notice of defects, sent documentation for the "printer" as an individual component -- which must be presumed for the appeal to this court -- and if the [buyer] did not mention Point 4 anymore in its letter of rescission dated March 2, 1903 but objected to five of the formerly eight defects as "not cured," one must infer that what the [buyer] received from [seller] corresponded to what it had asked for in its letter dated February 9, 1993.
In any event, we cannot assume, based on the facts known so far, that the notice of defects dated February 9, 1993 referred to the documentation for the entire printer system with the clarity CISG Art. 39(1) requires in the interests of the seller.
aa). In the opinion of the Court of Appeals, however, the [buyer] had the right to revive the notice of defective documentation by letter dated August 24, 1994 -- after the issuance of the first judgment dated July 26, 1994 -- and to grant the [seller] another period for subsequent improvement.
In this respect, the legal starting point of the Court of Appeals is already incorrect: It assumes that the beginning of the time period is the time of the delivery of the complete documentation and relies on the decision of the Federal Court of Justice dated November 4, 1992 - VIII ZR 165/91 (NJW [*] 1993, 461, 462). In doing so, it overlooks that HGB [*] � 377, upon which the decision was based, refers to the time of "delivery," which requires the complete delivery of the goods into the buyer's sphere of influence (decision of the Federal Court of Justice, supra, at II.2.b). In contrast, CISG Art. 39(1) speaks of a "reasonable time after (the buyer) has discovered or ought to have discovered (the lack of conformity of the goods)." Recourse to the mentioned jurisprudence is, therefore, for this reason alone not possible.
It is obvious, that the limitations period of CISG Art. 39(1) had run by August 1994; upon a reasonable examination, the [buyer] could have, within a short period of time, recognized the complained-of alleged breach of contract regarding "the documentation, i.e., the operating or service instructions," which was noticed in the letter dated August 24, 1994. The question whether this period of time had expired on the day of the [buyer's] letter of repudiation dated March 2, 1993, can be left open (for the calculation of the time period during which to give notice, compare BGHZ 129, 75, 85 et seq.). It can further be left open whether the [buyer] has forfeited its right to give notice of defects by basing its repudiation exclusively on other defects, without reserving its right to raise warranty claims concerning any defects with respect to the documentation. The Court of Appeals' assumption that the [buyer] validly declared the contract avoided in its letter dated October 12, 1994 after the notice of defects dated August 24, 1994 and the failure to cure, is therefore incorrect.
bb). Insofar as the Court of Appeals reasons that the [buyer's] repudiation "amounts to an annulment within the meaning of CISG Art. 64(1)(a)," it must be noted for clarity purposes that this provision refers to the seller's right to repudiate. Here, however, we are only looking at the question whether the [buyer] in his role as the buyer was able to declare the contract avoided. As long as we do not deal with contractual conditions that have precedence, this must be answered pursuant to CISG Art. 49.
Moreover, the Court of Appeals did not consider -- as the appeal has rightly claimed -- whether the [buyer's] repudiation dated October 12, 1994, was already null and void simply because it was not declared vis-à-vis the seller but only vis-à-vis the [seller's assignee]. The [seller's assignee] only became the owner of the purchase price claim by assignment. A transfer of the contract did not take place.
3. The Court of Appeals judgment can therefore not be valid (ZPO � 564). This panel cannot finally decide the matter because the determination of further facts is necessary. In both lower courts, the [buyer] gave notice of further defects concerning the functioning of the system. On remand, the Court of Appeals will have to consider whether those defects of the system justify the repudiation of the contract because of a fundamental breach of contract pursuant to CISG Art. 49(1)(a) or a repudiation pursuant to the seller's terms and conditions of warranty. Therefore, the matter must be remanded to the lower court (ZPO � 565(1)(1)).
* All translations should be verified by cross-checking against the original text. For purposes of this translation, the Plaintiff of Germany is referred to as [seller]; the Defendant of Austria is referred to as [buyer]. Amounts in German currency (Deutsche Mark) are indicated as [DM].
Translator's note on other abbreviations: BGB = Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch [German Civil Code]; BGH = Bundesgerichtshof [Federal Court of Justice]; BGHR = Systematische Sammlung der Entscheidungen des Bundesgerichtshofs (LBl) [Systematic Collection of Decisions of the Federal Court of Justice (looseleaf)]; BGHZ = Entscheidungen des Bundesgerichtshofes in Zivilsachen (amtliche Sammlung) [Official Reporter for Decisions of the Federal Court of Justice in Civil Matters]; HGB = Handelsgesetzbuch [German Commercial Code]; NJW = Neue Juristische Wochenschrift [a weekly law journal]; ZPO = Zivilprozeßordnung [German Code of Civil Procedure]. | 2019-04-19T15:15:08Z | http://cisgw3.law.pace.edu/cases/961204g1.html |
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It’s been a busy past couple of weeks at Bethpage Ballpark! With the Atlantic League awards season now wrapped up, the focus has shifted primarily towards the 2019 season. In recent days, the league’s schedule has been announced for next season, featuring the addition of the High Point Rockers to the eight-team circuit. The North Carolina-based club, which will replace the Road Warriors in the Liberty Division. The league-operated Road Warriors bridged the one-year gap between the end of the Bridgeport Bluefish lease and the completion of construction of the new High Point ballpark, which is slated to open on May 2, 2019. With a schedule now in place, the Ducks also debuted the team’s official logo for the 20th Anniversary Season (pictured above), which will be celebrated in 2019. The logo will be featured on promotional items, merchandise and marketing platforms leading up to and throughout next year.
Two games that are always circled on the calendar of every baseball fan are Opening Day and the Home Opener for their favorite team. Sometimes, they end up being on the same date. However, for the Ducks, it has almost always proven to be on separate dates. 2019 will mark the ninth consecutive season in which Long Island begins the season on the road, as they will open against the York Revolution in Pennsylvania. The Ducks and Revs will play a three-game series to kick off the season, with the opener taking place on Friday, April 26th at PeoplesBank Park. The Ducks last opened the season in York on April 24, 2015, coming away with a 5-2 victory. Meanwhile, the Ducks will return home following a week-long trip in Pa. for the Home Opener, which will take place on Friday, May 3rd. Coincidentally, that game will also be against the Revolution, who will be in town for a three-game weekend series. The last time the Ducks played their Home Opener against York was in 2014, when the Flock fell 6-1 on May 2nd.
After a thrilling Atlantic League Championship Series in 2018 that saw the Ducks and Skeeters need a decisive Game Five to determine a league champion, Ducks fans will surely be wondering when the two sides will collide again. Long Island will face Sugar Land, looking to exact a measure of revenge after this past season’s tough series loss, in Texas from May 10th-12th. Constellation Field was the site of that memorable Game One between the sides that took 13 innings and a total of four hours, 57 minutes. The Ducks will host the Skeeters for the first time in 2019 on Memorial Day Weekend, May 24th-26th, which will mark Sugar Land’s first visit since celebrating the 2018 championship at Bethpage Ballpark.
As we detailed earlier, the High Point Rockers will be making their debut in the Atlantic League this season. There is always excitement around a new club when it enters the league, and this should be no different. The team will be playing their home games in a brand new, state-of-the-art ballpark and for a fan base that has shown tremendous support in anticipation of the team’s arrival. The Ducks are slated to get their first look at the Rockers and BB&T Point Ballpark when they make the trek to High Point, N.C. for a three-game set May 21st-23rd. Meanwhile, the Rockers will make their first visit to Long Island for a three-game weekend series June 7th-9th.
2018 saw the Ducks and Patriots both clinch postseason berths and meet in the Liberty Division Championship Series for a fourth consecutive year. In what has become an annual installment between the two teams, fans around the Atlantic League often expect the two sides to be in close division races down to the wire during each half. Last year, the two teams played all of their meetings in each half early, with clubs wrapping up their nine first half games against one another by May 27th and their second half meetings by August 8th. That prevented the teams from playing some tense, dramatic games late in the halves. This year will be a different story. Long Island and Somerset will meet nine times in the first half, all during the month of June. During the 20-day span between June 11th and 30th, Long Island will host Somerset for three games and visit the Patriots twice, including a three-game set at TD Bank Ballpark June 28th-30th after which there are just seven games left in the half. These matchups could very well decide the first half Liberty Division champion. Should the Ducks be battling another team for the first half title, June will still be an important month. Of Long Island’s 28 games in June, 23 are against Liberty Division opponents. The Ducks and Patriots will also face off in two important series against Somerset late in the second half, hosting Somerset for four games August 19th-22nd and three more games August 30th-September 1st.
The Ducks and the Fourth of July have almost become synonymous with one another on Long Island. Fans have frequently been able to enjoy celebrating the holiday at Bethpage Ballpark in recent years, with the team often having home games on and around the holiday. However, 2018 represented a rare instance when that was not the case, as the team played a three-game set in New Britain July 3rd-5th. That marked just the second time since 2011 the Ducks did not have a home game on July 4th, with 2016 being the other as the team played in Lancaster. However, Long Island hosted home games July 1st-3rd. This year, the Ducks will be back home for a seven-game homestand during the first seven days of July. Long Island will host a four-game series against the Skeeters July 1st-4th to begin the month before welcoming in the Blue Crabs for a three-game set to wrap up the first half. While fireworks dates have yet to be announced, fans can expect to enjoy the best fireworks show on Long Island July 4th! Stay tuned for the announcement of additional fireworks shows, as well as the full promotional schedule.
It has not been often that the Ducks have finished the regular season at home in recent years. During each of the past two seasons, the Ducks have ended their year in Texas against the Skeeters, needing road wins to clinch a playoff berth in each season. In fact, you must go all the way back to 2014 to find the last time the Ducks ended their regular season at home. That year, Long Island ended their season with a six-game homestand, including three against the Barnstormers and three against the Blue Crabs. Now, five years later, the Ducks will end the 2019 season with three home games. The Rockers will come to town for the series the weekend of September 20th-22nd. Though the Ducks hope to have a postseason spot clinched prior to that point, it is typically a bit more comfortable for a team to be playing in its home ballpark for games with added importance.
Which games are you most looking forward to in 2019? Let us know in the comments section of this post!
The Ducks have reached the Atlantic League Championship Series for the third straight season, and for the second time in those three years, they will play the Sugar Land Skeeters. The Ducks jumped out to a big lead and held it last night, winning 6-3. Long Island won the 2018 regular season series against the Skeeters by a margin of 10-8, winning five of nine games at home and in Texas. The Ducks won seven of nine second-half games against Sugar Land, including a 4-2 series win to close out the 2018 season. Long Island is coming off a five-game LDCS victory over the Somerset Patriots, while the Skeeters took game five of the FDCS against the Lancaster Barnstormers.
Two runs in each of the first three innings were all the Ducks needed to force a decisive game five in the Atlantic League Championship Series.
Sugar Land grabbed an early 1-0 lead in the first inning on a two-out RBI double to right field by Matt Chavez off Ducks starter Dennis O’Grady. Long Island responded right away in the bottom of the inning, as Jordany Valdespin and Daniel Fields scored on wild pitches by Skeeters starter Dallas Beeler.
The Ducks extended their lead to 4-1 in the second with three consecutive two-out hits, including a two-run double to right by Valdespin. Two more runs in the third on a two-out, two-run single to center by Cody Puckett widened Long Island’s advantage to five.
The Skeeters closed to within 6-2 in the seventh on Alvaro Rondon’s RBI single to left. Another run in the ninth on back-to-back two-out doubles by Albert Cordero and Denis Phipps made it a 6-3 ballgame, but pinch-hitter Javier Betancourt then struck out to end the ballgame.
O’Grady earned the win, tossing seven innings of two-run ball, allowing six hits and two walks while striking out four. Beeler suffered the loss, surrendering six runs on seven hits and a walk over two and one-third innings with five strikeouts. Carlos Pimentel and Fernando Abad pitched the eighth and ninth innings, respectively, to secure the win.
In a matchup identical to game one, Jake Fisher will close out the postseason for the Ducks. The 2018 Atlantic League All-Star was 8-7 this season with a 3.91 ERA winning three of his last four starts. In the first game of the series, the lefty allowed just two runs through six and two-thirds innings, giving up just four hits in a no-decision. The Oklahoma native has been great against the Skeeters this season, owning a 3-1 record and 0.67 ERA in four regular-season starts (22 innings) against Sugar Land.
James Russell will man the rubber for the Skeeters in the decisive Game Five. The seven-year major league veteran was 8-4 with a 2.36 ERA after joining Sugar Land in late May, making 20 appearances (18 starts). The southpaw made two appearances against the Flock in the regular season, throwing five scoreless innings and giving up three hits through two appearances (one start). In Game One of the series, the Texan gave up a first-inning three-run home run, but did not give up a run for the next five innings despite allowing nine runs and walking four. Russell has played with the Chicago Cubs, Atlanta Braves, and Philadelphia Phillies, making 394 MLB appearances to the tune of a 4.09 ERA from 2010 to 2015.
Fans can follow all the action for today’s game, and every Ducks game in 2018, on the Long Island Ducks Broadcast Network. Live streaming HD video and audio via BoxCast will be available on the team’s official Facebook page through Facebook Live, on the Ducks’ official YouTube channel and at LIDucks.com in the Ducks Video Center on the homepage. In addition to updates in this post, fans can follow a pitch-by-pitch account of today’s game via Pointstreak’s Game Live application by CLICKING HERE.
For today’s full Ducks game notes, please CLICK HERE. For the Ducks complete playoff history, please CLICK HERE.
TOP 2: A two-out home run by Denis Phipps gives the Skeeters a 1-0 lead.
TOP 3: An Albert Cordero RBI single gives the Skeeters a 2-0 lead.
BOT 5: Dan Lyons gets the Ducks on the board with a solo homer to left! Ducks trail 3-1.
TOP 6: Skeeters put up another, extending their lead to 4-1.
FINAL: The Ducks are unable to comeback, and the Skeeters win the 2018 Atlantic League Championship by a score of 4-1.
The Ducks have reached the Atlantic League Championship Series for the third straight season, and for the second time in those three years, they will play the Sugar Land Skeeters. After a dramatic victory last night, the Ducks extended the series to a fourth game. Long Island won the 2018 regular season series against the Skeeters by a margin of 10-8, winning five of nine games at home and in Texas. The Ducks won seven of nine second-half games against Sugar Land, including a 4-2 series win to close out the 2018 season. Long Island is coming off a five-game LDCS victory over the Somerset Patriots, while the Skeeters took game five of the FDCS against the Lancaster Barnstormers.
The Ducks had their backs against the wall until an eighth-inning comeback, winning 3-2 in what could have been their last game of the season.
Both teams would then trade zeroes until the bottom of the eighth inning. Ramon Cabrera blooped a double down the right-field line with two outs off reliever Dan Runzler. That set the stage for David Washington, who followed with a two-run home run to right-center on a 1-0 pitch.
Neither starter factored into the decision. Barcelo tossed seven innings, allowing two runs (one earned) on six hits and a walk while striking out five batters. Irvine pitched four innings, yielding a run on four hits and two walks with three strikeouts. Carlos Pimentel earned the win with a scoreless eighth inning, yielding a hit while striking out one. Runzler took the loss, conceding two runs on two hits in one inning while striking out two. Fernando Abad pitched a scoreless ninth to earn his first save of the playoffs, striking out one.
Game four of the series will see Dennis O’Grady get the start for the Flock. The right-hander went 6-4 this season with a 3.81 ERA in 52 games (four starts), leading the team in appearances. O’Grady starter the decisive Game Five in the Liberty Division Championship Series, taking a no-decision after allowing two runs on six hits and two walks. The Floral Park native gave six earned runs in 17.1 innings in the regular season as a starter, good for a 3.12 ERA. O’Grady faced the Skeeters five times this season, with the last one being a start. As a reliever, he pitched 3.2 scoreless innings against Sugar Land, yielding just one walk while striking out two. In his final start of the season against Sugar Land, the Duke University Alum took a 3-1 loss despite dealing a quality start.
Dallas Beeler will be called upon by the Skeeters in his second stint with the team this year. Overall, Beeler had a brilliant 2.29 ERA this season along with an 8-2 record through 19 appearances (14 starts). The righty had his contract purchased by the Kansas City Royals in July, but had an ERA over 13 in four appearances at the Double-A level. Since returning to the Skeeters, Beeler has a 3.54 ERA and has given up over five hits in six of his nine appearances. Beeler did not play professionally last year and had five Major League starts with the Chicago Cubs in 2014 and 2015.
For tonight’s full Ducks game notes, please CLICK HERE. For the Ducks complete playoff history, please CLICK HERE.
TOP 1: Skeeters drive in a run with an RBI double by Matt Chavez.
BOT 1: A couple of wild pitches give the Ducks a 2-1 lead!
BOT 2: A two-run double for Jordany Valdespin gives the Ducks a 4-1 lead!
BOT 3: For the third straight inning, the Ducks put a pair of runs on the board! This time it’s a Cody Puckett single doing the damage! 6-1 Ducks!
TOP 6: Dennis O’Grady only needs six pitches to retire the side with the Ducks ahead 6-1!
TOP 7: Skeeters get a run back, but it’s still 6-2 Ducks.
The Ducks have reached the Atlantic League Championship Series for the third straight season, and for the second time in those three years, they will play the Sugar Land Skeeters. The Ducks are in a 0-2 hole after a blowout victory for the Skeeters in game two. Long Island won the 2018 regular season series against the Skeeters by a margin of 10-8, winning five of nine games at home and in Texas. The Ducks won seven of nine second-half games against Sugar Land, including a 4-2 series win to close out the 2018 season. Long Island is coming off a five-game LDCS victory over the Somerset Patriots, while the Skeeters took game five of the FDCS against the Lancaster Barnstormers.
It was all Sugar Land in Game Two, featuring 10 Skeeter runs and a complete game shutout.
Sugar Land opened up the scoring with a four-run third inning (one earned) against Ducks starter Matt Larkins. A sacrifice fly off the bat of Juan Silverio, an RBI single by Matt Chavez and a two-run double by Tony Thomas did the damage.
Barrett Barnes extended the lead to six with solo home runs to left in the fourth and sixth innings. A two-run homer to left by Tony Thomas in the seventh and a pair of runs in the eighth rounded out the scoring.
Skeeters starter Konner Wade earned the win with a complete game shutout. He allowed just seven hits and no walks while striking out 11 batters. Larkins took the loss, yielding six runs (three earned) on eight hits and three walks over five and two-thirds innings with two strikeouts.
Lorenzo Barcelo will be counted on in the crucial third game of the series. This season, the 41-year-old went 2-1 with a 4.20 ERA in 12 appearances (five starts). Barcelo started Game Four of the LDCS, falling to the Patriots by a score of 5-3 after giving up five runs on nine hits and striking out five over six innings. The Dominican Republic native has played professionally for 18 years, reaching the big leagues from 2000 to 2002 with the Chicago White Sox, tallying 66 innings with a 4.50 ERA.
Lucas Irvine starts for the Skeeters looking for the sweep. The fourth-year Atlantic League veteran was acquired from the American Association on August 17th and was a great addition, going 1-1 with a 2.55 ERA in six starts. The righty earned a win in his lone postseason start against the Barnstormers, allowing two runs on seven hits in five and one-third innings. Irvine was originally drafted by the Rays and is a veteran of the American Association, Canadian-American Association, and the Mexican League.
TOP 1: Skeeters strike first with an RBI double off the bat of Albert Cordero.
TOP 2: Lorenzo Barcelo works out of a two-one no-out jam to keep the Ducks within one!
TOP 3: Tony Thomas drives in the second run of the ballgame for the Skeeters, they lead 2-0.
BOT 3: Lew Ford gets the Ducks on the board with an RBI double! Ducks trail 2-1.
TOP 4: Lorenzo Barcelo only needed four pitches to get through the frame, keeping the score at 2-1 Skeeters.
TOP 5: Lorenzo Barcelo strikes out the three batters he faces in the fifth! Still 2-1 Skeeters.
BOT 8: DAVID WASHINGTON GIVES THE DUCKS THEIR FIRST LEAD OF THE NIGHT WITH A TWO-RUN HOMER TO RIGHT! IT’S 3-2!
FINAL: Ducks win 3-2 after the huge 8th inning blast by David Washington! Game 4 tomorrow night!
The Ducks have reached the Atlantic League Championship Series for the third straight season, and for the second time in those three years, they will play the Sugar Land Skeeters. The Ducks are looking to bounce back from a series-opening loss that required extra innings. Long Island won the 2018 regular season series against the Skeeters by a margin of 10-8, winning five of nine games at home and in Texas. The Ducks won seven of nine second-half games against Sugar Land, including a 4-2 series win to close out the 2018 season. Long Island is coming off a five-game LDCS victory over the Somerset Patriots, while the Skeeters took game five of the FDCS against the Lancaster Barnstormers.
The Atlantic League Championship Series began the same way both Division Series ended: in extra innings. The Skeeters were able to walk off in the 13th to take a 1-0 series lead by a score of 5-4.
Lew Ford gave the Ducks an early 3-0 lead with a three-run home run to left field in the opening inning off Skeeters starter James Russell. It stayed that way until the bottom of the fifth when Sugar Land closed to within one on an RBI single by Anthony Giansanti and a sacrifice fly to center by Juan Silverio off Ducks starter Jake Fisher.
The Ducks stretched their lead back up to two in the top of the eighth on a mammoth solo homer to left by Cody Puckett. However, a two-run bottom of the inning for the Skeeters against reliever Jose Cuas tied the game at four. A two-out RBI single to right by Tony Thomas followed by an RBI double to left from Derek Norris did the damage.
Both sides would wiggle into and out of trouble over the next four innings. Long Island threatened to take the lead with back-to-back walks to begin the 13th inning, but they could not push across the go-ahead run. In the bottom of the inning, Sugar Land loaded the bases on two singles and a walk. That set the stage for Javier Betancourt, who ended the game with a sac fly to center that scored Thomas.
Neither starter factored into the decision. Fisher lasted six and two-thirds innings, allowing two runs on four hits and four walks while striking out four. Russell pitched six innings, giving up three runs on nine hits and four walks with five strikeouts. Michael Mariot collected the win after pitching a scoreless 13th inning, working around three walks and striking out two. Hector Silvestre took the loss, giving up the winning run on two hits and three walks over one and two-thirds innings of relief.
Matt Larkins looks to continue his strong postseason and split the series before leaving Texas. The right-hander made two appearances in the LDCS, starting and winning Game One, and converting the series-clinching save in Game Five. In the series-opener, Larkins allowed two runs in six innings in a 9-2 victory. The Idaho native ended the season with a 7-5 record and 4.55 ERA through 19 appearances, including a complete game shutout. Larkins has started against Sugar Land twice this season, dealing eight shutout innings and allowing just four hits.
Konner Wade will be handed the ball in Game Two for the Skeeters. Wade was blown out in his lone postseason start, allowing seven runs (six earned) on eight hits in just two innings of work in Game Three of the series. Wade’s final start of the regular season came against the Ducks, where he gave up four runs (one earned) on three hits and one walk in a 4-2 loss. The Arizona native ended the season with an 8-6 record and a 3.09 ERA that ranked fourth in the Atlantic League. Wade was 1-2 in four starts against the Ducks this season, giving up 19 runs (13 earned) in 22 and one-third innings for a 5.24 ERA.
UPDATE: The Skeeters have announced that first pitch for Game Two of the Atlantic League Championship Series is now slated to take place at 7:50 p.m. Our pre-game show will begin at approximately 7:35.
After a 50-minute rain delay, we are underway at Constellation Field in Game Two of the Atlantic League Championship Series!
END 1: Both Konner Wade and Matt Larkins toss a scoreless first inning of the ballgame.
BOT 3: Skeeters collect four hits and take advantage of two errors to take a 4-0 lead after three.
BOT 4: A leadoff solo homer to left-center by Barrett Barnes makes it a 5-0 ballgame.
BOT 6: Another solo homer by Barnes makes it a 6-0 ballgame. However, Thomas Nicoll comes in and strikes out Juan Silverio in his Ducks debut!
BOT 7: A two-run homer to left by Thomas adds to Sugar Land’s lead.
FINAL: Sugar Land takes Game Two over the Ducks. We’ll see you back on Long Island Friday night at Bethpage Ballpark for Game Three! | 2019-04-20T09:03:05Z | https://quackofthebat.wordpress.com/tag/sugar-land-skeeters/ |
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Haplogroup R* originated in North Asia just before the Last Glacial Maximum (26,500-19,000 years before present). This haplogroup has been identified in the 24,000 year-old remains of the so-called „Mal’ta boy” from the Altai region, in south-central Siberia (Raghavan et al. 2013). This individual belonged to a tribe of mammoth hunters that may have roamed across Siberia and parts of Europe during the Paleolithic. Autosomally this Paleolithic population appears to have contributed mostly to the ancestry of modern Europeans and South Asians, the two regions where haplogroup R also happens to be the most common nowadays (R1b in Western Europe, R1a in Eastern Europe, Central and South Asia, and R2 in South Asia).
Haplogroup R1a probably branched off from R1* during or soon after the Last Glacial Maxium. Little is know for certain about its place of origin. Some think it might have originated in the Balkans or around Pakistan and Northwest India, due to the greater genetic diversity found in these regions. The diversity can be explained by other factors though. The Balkans have been subject to 5000 years of migrations from the Eurasian Steppes, each bringing new varieties of R1a. South Asia has had a much bigger population than any other parts of the world (occasionally equalled by China) for at least 10,000 years, and larger population bring about more genetic diversity. The most likely place of origin of R1a is Central Asia or southern Russia/Siberia.
From there, R1a could have migrated directly to eastern Europe (European Russia, Ukraine, Belarus), or first southward through Central Asia and Iran. In that latter scenario, R1a would have crossed the Caucasus during the Neolithic, alongside R1b, to colonise the Pontic-Caspian Steppe. In the absence of ancient Y-DNA from those regions the best evidence supporting a Late Paleolithic migration to Iran is the presence of very old subclades of R1a (like M420) in the region, notably in the Zagros mountains. However these samples only make up a fraction of all R1a in the region and could just as well represent the descendants of Eastern European hunter-gatherers who branched off from other R1a tribes and crossed from the North Caucasus any time between 20,000 and 8,000 years ago. The logic behind this is that most known historical migrations in Eurasia took place from north to south, as people sought warmer climes. The only exception happened during the Holocene warming up of the climate, which corresponds to the Neolithic colonisation of Europe from the Near East. A third possibility is that R1a tribes split in two around Kazakhstan during the Late Paleolithic, with one group moving to eastern Europe, while the other moved south to Iran.
This East European component represents about a third of the Mesolithic European admixture in the Dodecad K12 calculator, the rest being made up of the Northwest European above. Note the resemblance with the distribution of Y-DNA haplogroup R1a.
Zaprzeczysz, że R1a-Z645 jest ojcowskie dla Z282 i Z93 i że znalezione zostało w próbkach jakieś 500 lat starszych od najstarszego Z93, znalezionego w Poltavka outlier?
An important preprint has just appeared at bioRxiv. It includes ancient DNA from four Estonian Corded Ware Culture (CWC) individuals from two different sites.
These CWC samples belong to Y-haplogroup R1a-Z645, which is the most common type of R1a in the world today, including South Asia, despite a relatively recent coalescent time of 5,400 yr BP. One of the samples is further classified as belonging to . Almost 100% of the modern-day Eastern and Central European R1a belongs to this subclade.
All four of the Estonian CWC individuals could be assigned to the R1a-Z645 sub-clade of hg R1a-M417 which together with N is one of the most common Y chromosome haplogroups in present-day Estonians (33%) . Importantly, this R1a lineage is only distantly related to the R1a5 lineage we found in the CCC sample. The finding of high frequency of R1a-M417 in Estonian CWC samples is consistent with the observations made for other Corded Ware sites that, along with Late Bronze Age remains associated with Sintashta Culture, also show high frequency of hg R1a-M417 [2,25].
The coalescent time for the R1a-Z645 clade, estimated from modern data at 5,400 yr BP (95% CI 4,950–6,000) 43 , predates the time when the CWC individuals carrying the R1a-Z645 lineages lived in Estonia (4,000–4,800 yr BP). The fact that all four of the CWC male individuals from two distinct sites in Estonia belonged to this recently expanded R1a branch, different from the one carried by CCC, suggests that admixture between CWC farmers and CCC hunter-gatherers may have been limited at least in the male lineages during the early stages of farming in Estonia.
Now, can anyone explain to me how the authors came to this conclusion? Was it based on their ADMIXTURE output?
Furthermore, the presence of a genetic component associated with Caucasus hunter-gatherers and later with people representing the Yamnaya Culture in Eastern hunter-gatherers and Estonian CCC individuals means that the expansion of the CWC cannot be seen as the sole means for the spread of this genetic component, at least in Eastern Europe.
If it is indeed based on ADMIXTURE, then they really need to back it up with some robust formal stats and qpAdm, because ADMIXTURE is not a formal mixture test.
Moreover, they used the projection (P) option in their ADMIXTURE analysis. I’m not a huge fan of this option when running fine scale intra-continental analyses, because I find that it usually results in severe projection bias. In other words, the test samples are treated differently from the reference samples, and essentially show results that they shouldn’t.
Speaking of projection bias, I’m quite certain that their Principal Component Analysis (PCA) suffers from it. The ancient samples look like they’re being pulled into the middle of the plot, so much so that one of the foragers basically clusters with modern-day Lithuanians, while the CWC individuals appear too western. They need to fix this.
I do note that the authors used the lsqproject option when running their PCA. A lot of people assume that once they do this they’ve taken care of projection bias. This is not so. lsqproject doesn’t solve this problem; it just makes sure that missing markers don’t skew the projection.
Zobacz to, bo to jest ciekawe bardzo, z wielu powodów, np. omawia „stepową domieszkę” odnajdywaną we wcześniejszych próbkach, jak i jest dowodem, że Davidski zmienił zdanie, co do CWC, które teraz wg niego pochodzi nie od Yamnaya, ale od Sredny Stog, czyli logicznie wcześniej z Bug-Dnieper culture!!!
UWAGA!!! CT [R?] lub R1b1 lub C …..
Corded Ware Poland Oblaczkowo [RISE1] M 2865-2578 BC R1b R1b1 (L1345+) K1b1a1 73G, 152C, 263G, 709A, 1438G, 1811G, 2706G, 3480G, 3967A, 9962A, 10289G, 10550G, 11299C, 11467G, 11719A, 11923G, 12372A, 13967T, 14766T, 14798C, 15257A, 15326G, 16093C, 16224C, 16463G, 16519C Allentoft 2015; Y-DNA personal communication from author + additional info from Richard Rocca and Sergey Malyshev, citing Karmin 2015 for status of the SNP.
UWAGA!!! J lub I lub G??? …..
UWAGA! Ten jest dziwny, bo niby co R1a1a1, czy R1a1: M459, czy R1? …..
UWAGA!!! R1a-Z645 i R1a1a1 Z283 …..
UWAGA!!! R1a1a i R1a i R1a1 i P1 i R1a1a1*…..
UWAGA!!! K(xLT) M526 ?!! …..
UWAGA!!! Czyżby najstarszy N1C znaleziony w Europie?!!
UWAGA!!!! R1a-Z93 among priestly castes of Hinduists and Jews.
Kyrgyz are recent arrivals to central Asia from Altai. Their cultural and linguistic cousins Khakassians that are still living in Altai mountains also have plenty of Z93. I’d say Kyrgyz got their Z93 markers from people of Afanasevo.
Norwegians have almost entirely z284 marker. Afanasievo was R1a-M417* IMO. Hence the R1a-M417* in the Tarim mummies. Andronovo were a different, later group from the Ural steppe, and they carried Z93.
Afanasievo was R1a-M417* IMO. Hence the R1a-M417* in the Tarim mummies.
Andronovo were a different, later group from the Ural steppe, and they carried Z93. M417 is an ancestral branch to both z282 and z93. The age of Z282 and z93 mutations fit the time frame of the Afanasievo culture. It remains to be seen what markers Afanasievans had down M417 tree. The important bit of information is eastern origin of Afanasievans. IMO both Kyrgyz and Khakassians would be more similar to Afanasevans than east Europeans and many south Asians at genome-wide comparison.
Wysłany 2017-12-11 by SKRiBHa • Ten wpis został opublikowany w kategorii DzieJe, GeNe+TyKa, Je"ZyKo+ZNa+WSTWo, KRo+NiKi, Z'+RoD+L"o+SL"oW i oznaczony tagami "Polacy", Afanasevo, Alexandria, allo-allo, Anatolia, Andronovo, Ariowie, Baltic Corded Ware: rich in R1a-Z645, Battle Axe Sweden, Belarus, Bug-Dnieper culture, C, Caucasus hunter-gatherers, Central Asia, Chalcolithic farmers, CHG, Comb Ware, Corded Ware Estonia, Corded Ware Germany, CT, Cucuteni–Trypillia, CWC, Davidski, Dereivka, Dnieper-Donets culture, dr Piotr Makuch, Eastern European hunter-gatherers, EHG, EHG marker, Eneolithic, Estonian CWC, Eulau, European Russia, G, GeNe+TyKa, haplogroup R1a, Harju, http://eurogenes.blogspot.co.uk, I, I2a2a1b, I2a2a1b1, Iran, Iron Gates, J, j. Pra-Indo-Europejski, j. Pra-Słowiański, Jagodno, język Pra-Indo-Europejski, język Pra-Słowiański, Karasuk, Karelczyk, Khvalynsk, Kunila, L"o"K, L"ysy, L657, LaC', LACH, LaS, Last Glacial Maximum, Late Bronze Age, Late Paleolithic, LeC', Lech, len, LeS"+y, Leszy, Leż, Licho, Lis, Lokomotiv, Los, Lży, Lęg, M17, M198, M417, M420, mammoth hunters, Mesolithic, Mongolia, mtDNA, N1c, Neolithic, Neolithic farmers, North Caucasus, Northeast European autosomal admixture, Obłaczkowo, Od Ariów do Sarmatów. Nieznane 2500 lat historii Polaków, Orły, Orły / Ariowie, Północna droga R1a, PIE, PIE = Proto-Slavic, pobożne życzenia, Polanie Kijowscy, Poltavka, Poltavka outlier, Potapovka, południowa droga R1a, Proto-Indo-European, Proto-Indo-European language, Proto-Slavic, Proto-Unetice, przeciw-słowiańska propaganda, przeciw-słowiańskie krętactwa, przeciw-słowiańskie kłamstwa, PS, Q1a, R+, R1, R1a, R1a-M17, R1a-M417, R1a-Z282, R1a-Z283, R1a-Z645, R1a-Z93, R1a-Z93 among priestly castes of Hinduists and Jews, R1a1* M459+, R1a1a1, R1b, R1b1, R1b1a, R1b1a1a2a2, Romania, Rosja, Russia, S224, Samara, Sarmaci, Scytowie, Serteya, Sintashta, Sintashta culture, Sredny Stog, Sredny Stog II, Srubnaya, Srubnaya culture, step, steppe, Słowianie, Słowiańszczyzna, Słuch, Tarim mummies, Ukraine, uprzedzenia przeciw-słowiańskie, Ural, Urnfield, Varna culture, Vasilyevka, Y-DNA, Yamnaya, Yuzhnyy Oleni Ostrov, Z/S+L"o"(c)H, Z282, Z283, Z645, Z93, zapożyczenia od-irańskie, Łuk, Łyk, Łyko, Łza, Łąka. Dodaj zakładkę do bezpośredniego odnośnika.
Na blogu Cz.Białczyńskiego kilka dni temu odtrąbiono sukces pt. Dzień w Którym Profesorowie Polscy Przeszli na Stronę Turbosłowian. Odbyła się zażarta dyskusja (ponad 80 komentarzy jak dobrze pamiętam). I ja tam byłem i swoje trzy grosze wtrąciłem. Zauważył to Pan cytując mój pierwszy komentarz na blogu Słowianie Genetyka Haplogrupy, oceniając, że to „komentarz, który ma największy sens”. To miłe dla mnie. Dziękuję.
Dlatego zwracam się do Pana z prośbą o opublikowanie moich dwóch kolejnych komentarzy w tej dyskusji, jeżeli Pan uzna, że warto. Zgóry dziękuję i pozdrawiam.
Chciałbym uprzejmie zauważyć, a raczej przypomnieć, że post nosi tytuł: Dzień w Którym Profesorowie Polscy Przeszli na Stronę Turbo-Słowian… To brzmi jak odtrąbienie sukcesu. Tyle, że tu nie widać żadnego sukcesu środowisk Słowiańskich/Lechickich Powinniśmy w dyskusji o tym pamiętać, że ta książka to nic innego jak próba MODERNIZACJI czy raczej REANIMACJA ultrakatolickiej nauki o cywilizacjach Feliksa Konecznego. Dlatego zadaję sobie pytanie – Co ma wspólnego żywa, witalna cywilizacja słowiańska z wymyśloną, teoretyczną cywilizacją łacińską?
A czy Pan widział ten film, a szczególnie czy słyszał, jak w chyba 3 zdaniu mówię, ze tytuł jest PROWOKACYJNY?
Prowokacja, to taka technika wywołująca wilka z lasu i powodująca, ze ludzie powiedzą i pomyślą coś, czego bez prowokacji by nie powiedzieli.
Stosowane w na przykład w sztuce.
Strach przed byciem wykorzystanym jest dobry, ale to tylko strach.
Lepiej wykorzystać na swój rachunek sukces innych.
Witam Pana. Widzę, że drąży Pan temat jakby coś Pana dręczyło.
Obejrzałem Pański film i z uwagą wysłuchałem co miał Pan do powiedzenia. Potwierdzam to co Pan napisał w swoim komentarzu. Rzeczywiście użył Pan słów: „tytuł jest bardzo mocny, nośny, troszeczkę PROWOKACYJNY” oraz: „ale tak bezpośrednio do tego zostałem SPROWOKOWANY artykułem – Czy Polacy to Ariowie?”.
Niestety, muszę z żalem stwierdzić, że dał się Pan wpuścić w maliny „fałszywemu prorokowi”.
Przeczytałem bowiem, po raz drugi ten POKRĘTNY artykuł w NCz pt. „Ariowie, czyli Polacy”. Tytuł nie jest pytaniem „Czy Polacy to Ariowie?” lecz zdecydowanym STWIERDZENIEM, które brzmi – ARIOWIE, CZYLI POLACY! Ciekawe co na to Bramini z Indii gdy się dowiedzą, że są Polakami?
W związku z tym podtrzymuję swoje wątpliwości i zastrzeżenia o których już pisałem wcześniej. Czy na tym ma polegać ta artystyczna prowokacja Panie Marianie?
Eureka! Panie Marianie, E-U-R-E-K-A!!! W średniowieczu DOBROWOLNIE przyswoiliśmy sobie dorobek wiodących wówczas ośrodków. No proszę, co za odkrycie profesora M. Kowalskiego, na wskroś Słowiańskie odkrycie. Ba! Turbosłowiańskie nawet….nie da się ukryć. W tym miejscu nasuwa się pytanie fundamentalne – skoro MY POLACY, DOBROWOLNIE przyswoiliśmy sobie dorobek RZYMU i KRK to o co tak naprawdę dzisiaj właściwie walczą Turbosłowianie?
No proszę – Międzymorze rozciągające się od Hamburga po Władywostok. Tego jeszcze nie grali w żadnym theatrum politicum!
To wszystko z mojej strony w sprawie Ariów czyli Polaków.
Już dawno jest to zrobione, proszę odświeżyć stronę. Każdy robi błędy, a przy okazji jestem SKRiBHa i nie trzeba mi paniać.
Tak ma Pan rację. To jest towarzystwo wzajemnej adoracji. To widać i czuć na odległość. Wydaje się, że p. Czesław B. ma bardzo dużo do stracenia. Cały SIStan mu się wali w gruzy i co wtedy? Jego książki na makulaturę?
Ludzie lubią czytać i wierzyć w fantastyczne opowieści. Ja lubię je niszczyć, bo chcę dochodzić do prawdy, a fantastyczne opowieści mnie nie bawią, po to między innymi napisałem ten wpis i inne temu podobne.
Ruski troll powiada Pan? Na dodatek głupi? Proszę zwrócić uwagę na ostatni akapit mojego komentarza gdzie odnoszę się do przedstawionej przez Kowalskiego, koncepcji Międzymorza. Międzymorza od Hamburga do Władywostoku. I to PROPAGUJE na swoim blogu Czesław B.! Czyżby miała rację komentatorka ZOSIA, która nazwała go kiedych „kacapskim agentem”?
Nie gadamy tu o polityce, chociaż wiem, że jedno wynika z drugiego. Skupmy się na analizie danych.
Przypadło mi do gustu to stwierdzenie, „że jest możliwe, że za tzw. Polanami Kijowskimi, patrz R1b tzw. Piastów, część podkładów R1b odnajdywanych na terenie obecnej Polski MOŻE MIEĆ POCHODZENIE OD-SARMACKIE. ” Taka sekwencja historycznych zdarzeń, moim zdaniem jest wielce Prawdopodobna i możliwa. Kiedyś wpadła mi w ręce książka „Wczesne dzieje Polan”, w której autor dowodzi, że podboju ziem wielkopolskich dokonali przybysze ze wschodu – dla niego to byli Alanowie a nie Polanie kijowscy. Nie wiem jaka jest haplogrupa Wschodnich Polan? I czy w ogóle jest na dziś rozpoznana?
UWAGA! To może być ślad inwazji Ahaiów / Mykeńczyków na południe Bałkanów. Przypominam podobieństwa języków irańskich i gwar helleńskich, patrz tzw. rough breathing, itp!!!
No dobrze. Zebrałeś trochę info. Dzięki.
Po drugie, mamuty zamieszkiwały rozległe obszary Europy, Ameryki Północnej i północnej Azji. W Polsce też.
Więc skoro mieszkały w Polsce mamuty, to i łowcy mamutów musieli się pojawić. Czy ci łowcy wyginęli wraz z mamutami tysięce lat temu? Czy może ich potomkowie (hg R) jednak przetrwali gdzieś w Europie?
Do usług. Masz jakąś opinię o głównej tezie tego wpisu? Udowodniłem to, co chciałem udowodnić, patrz nasze rozmowy o rzekomym pochodzeniu Polaków od Scytów, czy Sarmatów przy okazji tego filmiku dr Lubicza i jego poszukiwań szlachty polskiej? Zmieniłaś zdanie i sypiesz popiół na głowę, czy masz jakieś nowe argumenty na poparcie Twoich wątpliwości, co to mojego sposobu widzenia danych?
Q pałętała się i w Europie, patrz np. Khvalynsk i w Azji, patrz próbki z Mongolii, itd.
Przestałem już dawno temu łączyć kulturę i język z haplogrupami, ale wiem że pewne wzory są dostrzegalne.
Dr Lubicz nie uważa potomków azjatyckiej hg N za potomków Azjatów, ale widzi w potomkach europejskiego R1a M417 „dziki wschód”. A przodkowie Czesława nie musieli przecież migrować ze wsch Europy.
Co do tezy. Ja nie wiem którzy to byli Scytowie, a którzy Sarmaci. Ale coś mi się zdaje że Sarmaci to na wozach i koniach żyli i nawet jakieś zdjęcia koczowników wklejałam, żebyś klimat poczuł. Takie romskie obrazki z taboru i coś z północy też było. W końcu nie ustaliliśmy who is who.
Wiec ogólnie biorąc to nie pochodzimy od nomadów. Ale jeśli Scytowie to byli głównie Z93, którego nie mamy, a Sarmaci – R1b z postYamna to jest szansa, że spory (5%) udział w genach Polaków istnieje. Szczególnie istotne, jeśli, jak sam wspomniałeś byłyby to geny szlachty piastowskiej.
Pokaż palcem co tam jest.
Wszystko, a nawet więcej. Już kilka razy pokazywałem… Poczytaj moje komentarze.
Czytam czytam te twoje wpisy. Może coś przegapiłam.
Co ma oczywiście pochodzenie od początek <> koniec.
Jak i antykoncepcja czyli przeciwpoczęcie.
Możesz w wolnym czasie to przemyśleć. Bo „częto” jest jak sto, a „konce” w koncepcja jak kentum. Dziwne to bardzo.
No i zadeptałaś go! 🙂 A co do reszty, sama widzisz, że tzw. kentum i kentumizacja nie jest rozwiązaniem wszystkich problemów. Tym E=mc2 językoznawstwa jest pierwotna satemizacja, jako wzorzec wysokoenergetycznych dźwięków, który z czasem ulegał zniekształceniu przez uproszczenie, czyli utratę energii, patrz entropia.
Skribho, i co wg ciebie z tego wynika? Czy to świadczy o migracji R1a M417 z SS do CW? O to ci chodzi?
Sredny Stog Ukraine Dereivka I – R1b1, R1b1a, R, R1b1a, I, R1b1a, R1, I2a2a1b, R1b1a, R, I2a2a1b1, R1b1a.
I j e d y n e R1a w Dereivka.
Sredhy Stog ma wszystko, to, co jest w CWC, czego nie ma Yamna / Yamnaya… Rozumiesz?
Ja mam tylko jedno pytanie do autora, bo nie za bardzo rozumiem. Kto był pierwotnym użytkownikiem języka, z którego wykształcił się jeżyk słowiański? Kto był pierwotnym użytkownikiem j. prasłowiańskiego? Ludność o jakiej męskiej haplogrupie?
Cz.B pisał już wielokrotnie, że dobra mapa, to ta mapa. http://indoeuropejski.blox.pl/resource/800pxR1a1a_distribution.jpg a tutaj, już coś jest.
I… co z tego ma niby wynikać, hm?
Zgodzę się ze SS jest lepszym kandydatem od Jamna. Czas pasuje, ceramika w 2 fazie SS jest corded i niektóre próbki mają „kaukaz” w autosomach. Mieli konie i hodowlę. Z tego co jarzę to SS został rozwalony przez Yamnaja.
Ale w SS jest b. mało R1a. Dlatego zastanawiam się, jak to się stało że w CW (podobno) dominowało R1a. Z kolei w BB R1b.
Coś mi się nie klei.
A o co chodzi z Lewitami?
circa 5,500 B.C.E. — circa 4,500 B.C.E.
Myślę, że domyślam się,.. ale może Ty mi powiesz, bo wiesz więcej ode mnie?
Masz rację. Przekonałeś mnie, ze SS miał coś wspólnego z CW.
Czy znane są ydna kaukaskie? Czy tylko mtdna H2? Bo wygląda jakby to ten składnik autosomalny wprowadził powszechne jeździectwo na stepie.
Czyżby Vinča przejęła wzorce kulturowe od Bug Dniepr za pośrednictwem Criş Starčevo?
Pozwoliłeś sobie zamieścić fragmenty z eupedii. Np. o największej różnorodności R1a w Pakistanie i Bałkanach. I o występowaniu bardzo starych podkładów jak M420 w Iranie. Jak to wyjaśnisz?
(…) Ponadto zarówno Underhill, jak i Anatolij Kłosow, a także Igor Rozanski wskazują na przybycie Słowian z Bałkanów. Podobne wnioski sugerują ustalenia polskiego genetyka Tomasza Grzybowskiego, który stwierdził pochodzenie żeńskiego rodu H (najpopularniejszego wśród Polek i szeroko rozpowszechnionego w całej współczesnej Europie) z tego samego terenu (Środkowy Wschód – tereny Iranu i Iraku) – i tego samego okresu co męski R1a.
Ale ich wyjaśnienie ISTNIEJĄCEJ wysokiej zmienności “as high R1a variance in SEE might be explained by either ancient demography or more recent bottlenecks and founder effects in different Slavic tribes” jest GDYBANIEM naukowców.
Wszystkie 3 proponowane (lepsze) przepływy pochodzą z naszej ukochanej Prypeci.
Skribho, najpierw zaprezentuj ich dowody. Bo nie może być tak, ze jakiejś eupedii wierzysz bez dowodu, a od innych ich wymagasz. Co nie?
Argumenty na 3 migrację weź od Adriana.
Co do 2, musisz się zastanowić czy w końcu pln. Step (SS) to CW czy Bałkany?
O 1 sam się postaraj.
I nie zapomnij o źródłach.
O co Ci chodzi? Wg Ciebie nie było migracji ze stepu na Bałkany?!! Robisz sobie jaja, czy ty tak na poważnie?
Czy znana jest zmienność R1a na Białorusi, Ukrainie? Musiałaby być NIE NIŻSZA chyba niż w Chorwacji.
Ale mniejsza z tym. Do niczego cię nie przekonuję, jedynie zwracam uwagę na fakt, że to Chorwaci i Bośniacy (ludzie nie terytorium) z jakiegoś powodu mają tę najwyższą mikrosatelitarną zmienność, wskazującą na głęboki paleolit (15 – 8 pne).
Nie odniosłeś się do „bardzo starych podkładów jak M420 w Iranie”. Nic nie wiesz?
„G jest wszędzie w „starej europie”” To „G” byli i EEF i CHG?
Jakies J nawet było wśród EHG z Karelczykiem. O pra słowiańskich lewitach? Zaraz przeczytam.
Dasz jakieś dowody i źródła, proszę?
Nie wiem skad to wziąłeś. Ale do cholery to ty cytowałeś Rudemu. Nie podałeś źródła.
Czytaj swoje źródła. Wszystko co napisałam , to na ich podstawie.
O paleolicie znajdziesz na eupedii.
Masz na myśli jamowców? Massive migration?
Czytaj proszę. Przecież ja już to ci cytowałam.
I „dodatkowo jest mowa” wyśmiałam, bo to są tzw. ssane przypuszczenia etc. a nie fakty.
Ok no i co z tego wynika, bo wysyłamy sobie te same dane już z 5 raz? W jaki sposób podważa to, co twierdzę, bo nie rozumiem do czego pijesz?
Nie. Nie. Nie. Czytałam dotychczas co mi serwowałeś, ale mam dość.
Powtórze — Masz na myśli jamowców? Massive migration? Tak? czy Nie?
A może to o czym ona pisała nie ma ŻADNEGO ZWIĄZKU Z R!A, TYLKO Z TZW. DOMIESZKĄ STEPOWĄ, hm?
Umieściłeś we wstępie swojego tekstu dane o R1a. Wiec ja chcę wiedzieć jak je interpretujesz. Czy znasz prace Semino et al. 2000; Wells et al. 2001, które widnieją jako źródła podanych informacji? Po drugie, uważam dane za istniejący fakt. Po trzecie, wyjaśnienie tego faktu zależy od wiedzy, wyobraźni albo przyjętej narracji. Eupedyści uważają, że wysoka różnorodnośc R1a wśród Chorwatów mogła być spowodowana migracją Słowian prypeckich na Bałkany. Adrian zaprzeczy i zaproponuje migrację Wandalów z nad Wisły na południe. Gość Oon może obstawiać bajkowy scenariusz, w którym współcześni Chorwaci mogliby być potomkami armii Lechitów walczącej z Macedońskim, najsprawniejszych i najodważniejszych facetów z całej rozległej Lechii. Im większa różnorodność genetyczna tym większe terytorium z którego przybyli. Itd.
Wrzuciłeś moje koments do spamu?
Pytałeś o lewitów. IMO to przeciwieństwo prawitów. Jak prawo – prawdziwy i lewo – lewizna. Prawosławie i lewosławie. Swastyka i suavastika. Ale sie jeszcze zastanowie, bo były chyba jakies systemy dualne.
(…) „The Genographic Project is exploitative and unethical because it will use Indigenous peoples as subjects of scientific curiosity in research that provides no benefit to Indigenous peoples, yet subjects them to significant risks. Researchers will take blood or other bodily tissue samples for their own use in order to further their own speculative theories of human history„.
Ona stara się wyjaśnić przyczynę bez dowodowo. Jak jej się wydaje. I tak żeby nie naruszyć przyjętej narracji. Zauważa możliwość polodowcowej migracji z refugium, czyli obecność R1a na Bałkanach nieprzerwanie od tysiącleci. Baaardzo wielu Możliwość migracji z północno pontyjskiego stepu. Więc ma na myśli chyba nie stricte Jamna. Bo przecież mówi o R1a a nie R1b.
Czy ty czytałeś Mathieson 2017? Radze przyjrzeć się tej Olesi.
Pericić napisała wszystko i jak sama napisałaś że zrobiła to bez podawania danych, które potwierdzą jej wzajemnie sprzeczne twierdzenia. Gdzie ona twierdzi, że to, co podaje dotyczy R1a,.. a nie np. I2, czy R1b, które też były na stepie, patrz dane z próbek?
Jak mnie wywalisz i utopisz w szambie, to zeschnę z tęsknoty.
Poza tym ja wierze w twoją uczciwość. Więc nawet gdyby prawda okazała się inna niż to dotychczas wydedukowałeś, to zwyczajnie przyznasz się do błędu. Bo błądzić przytrafia się najznamienitszym umysłom.
A poza tym mam wrażenie, ze R1a było ruchliwe i chodziło po świecie w te i we w te.
„Gdzie ona twierdzi, że to, co podaje dotyczy R1a,.. a nie np. I2, czy R1b, które też były na stepie, patrz dane z próbek?” Ojoj, miej litość. Przecież ona stara się wyjaśnić “this deep Paleolithic signal as high R1a variance in SEE”. Rozumiesz? Chodzi o R1a, I tylko o R1a.
„Czytam różne rzeczy…” Ja tego nie czytałam. Ale sądzę, ze cię zainteresuje, zwłaszcza Olesia, zwana Alexandrią. Którą w tekście wymieniasz przecież.
Ok. Pericic powinna zobaczyć próbki z Sredny Stog nie sądzisz?
Jeszcze nie dawno forsowałam północ (z zachodnim odchyleniem). A dziś myślę, ze to trudno ogarnąć ze względu na mobilność. W każdym razie cieszę się, że bierzesz pod uwage taką ewentualność.
„Pericic powinna zobaczyć próbki z Sredny Stog nie sądzisz?” A czy wiele tam uzyska wiedzy na temat R1a? Tylko 2 próbki. Czy myślisz że to oni przynieśli różnorodność R1a na Bałkany? Zaufaj choć raz „dr Watsonowi” i ty obejrzyj próbkę o której wspominałam. Proszę po raz trzeci, wiec ostatni.
Sprawdziłem to i rzeczywiście nie zamieściłem tych danych!!! Wielkie dzięki jeszcze raz! Nie wiem, jak to przegapiłem, ale przegapiłem.
Ależ umieściłeś między Samara Eneolithic Russia Khvalynsk II a Varna group Bulgaria Varna. Adrian w swojej 1 części tez ją wymienia. Jest to jedna z trzech zaznaczonych na mapie https://skrbh.files.wordpress.com/2017/11/rys-1-najstarsze-odkryte-prc3b3bki-r1a.jpg?w=960, oznaczona „oldest R1a M417”.
Nie masz za co dziękować. Ja bym chciała, żebyś jej się lepiej przyjrzał. Jak rasowy genetyk ją zbadał.
Wszystko w porzo. Jeszcze kontrolujesz co piszesz. A immunitet ma wysoką wartość.
Ten oldest M417 ma dziwne a dna.
Strona do Mathiesona na biorxiv do której mam link nie działa. Wiec nie mogę tego sprawdzić. Ale pamiętam, że ta próbka z Aleksandrii różniła się w aDna od EHG łowców wschodnich. Wyglądała jak mieszanka CHG z EEF.
Może przez to coś znajdziesz?
No właśnie. Te kaukaskie H żony pojawiły się już przed Yamna na Bałkanach i Ukrainie.
I oldest M417, którego szukam od 3 lat pomieszał mi w głowie tym swoim max Kaukazem autosomalnym. Dlatego chciałam żebyś Ty go obejrzał.
Do niedawna wyobrażałam sobie że R1a to w przeważającej cześci EHG z północnego wschodu. Im bardziej na zachód – wymieszani z WHG. Pisałam ci o Skandynawskich próbkach nazwanych SHG, które były po prostu mieszanką WHG z SHG. Taki mieszany łowca zbieracz występował w pasie od Skandynawii po morze czarne.
Wiec za komponent EHG w Corded Ware uważałam odpowiedzialnego R1a M417. Za rolniczy EEF resztki po LBK. Po odrzuceniu bezpośredniego wpływu z Yamna jedyny problem sprawiał komponent Kaukaski.
Ale ta próbka z Aleksandrii sprawiła, że się zastanawiam, czy to nie R1a M417 wprowadził Kaukaz do CW. Nie spodziewałam się tego zupełnie. Że R1a M417 okażą się Kaukazem z elementem rolniczym. Jak odwróceni Minoańczycy.
A tu nie pokręciłaś czegoś?
SHG samo z sobą i z WHG zmieszało się?
Mylisz się. Ta najbardziej kaukaska to Aleksandria. Nasz oldest M417. Dlatego pytałam ciebie o zdanie, bo mnie zaskoczył. Jakoś tak było: 70% CHG może 25% EEF i odrobina po łowcach.
Nie mam pewności czy on pomimo zaliczenia do wspólnej kultury jakoś się nie różni. Dereivka są starsi. 5500-4800 BCE. Alexandria 5000-3500.
Skąd wiesz, że Alexandria ma CHG? Pokaż tu te dane w zestawieniu z innymi SS, ok?
Dziwne, że R, R1, R1a, R1b I i I2 z SS nie mają CHG… Nie sądzisz?
Napisałam ci, ze strona się nie otwiera, a nie wiem gdzie jeszcze to było publikowane.
To właśnie jedna z tej trójki. Masz to? Adna innych próbek nie było, więc nie wiem jak te komponenty u nich wyglądały. Ale zapamiętałam, ze z 3 to Aleksandria była najbardziej kaukaska.
Trochę to mało wyraźne twierdzenie… jak na 15 próbek… Tu masz namiary na działający odnośnik, który już Ci podawałem w namiarze na wpis na eurogenes.
Dzięki Skribho, ten drugi link do Mathiesona jest w porządku. Ja tego nigdy nie czytałam, jedynie kiedyś przejrzałam obrazki.
Podawane przeze mnie wczoraj dane były z pamięci. Czyli porównując z oryginałem pi razy drzwi.
Później przejrze to wszystko. (Mathiesona + twój nowy wpis) Jak znajdujesz czas na czytanie i pisanie i jeszcze odpowiadanie na komenty takim marudom jak ja?
Ok, a tak poważnie jestem czystym złem… i czyham tu jak krwawy sowiecki pająk na ludzkie dusze, żeby je hm… eee… Po co na nie czyham? A no tak,.. żeby je zabrać ze sobą do piekła na Łubiankę… i piec je w piecu, jak piccę… Oczywiście tylko po to, żeby podać tę dobrze wypieczoną pieczeń Mojemu Władcy na śniadanie, se słoniną, kartoflami i stakanem wódki… Co tam stakanem… z wiadrem!!!
To jedyny powód mojego istnienia. Ciekawe komu lub czemu służą inni i dlaczego tak strasznie dają ciała? Służą jakimś cienkim bolkom?
UWAGA! HITLER SIĘ MYLIŁ! To nie Niemcy są potomkami starożytnych Ariów, ale… Polacy. Dowiedz się więcej z naszego wywiadu z polskim badaczem, który dokładnie opisał wyniki najnowszych badań!
Co więcej ostatnie badania wskazują, że późniejsze ziemie polskie były kolebką Ariów, którzy dopiero stąd wyruszyli w kierunku Iranu i Persji.
Marek Skalski, redaktor naczelny portalu http://www.niesamowitahistoria.pl rozmawia z profesorem Mariuszem Kowalskim o arcyciekawym fakcie a mianowicie: Arianie i Polacy. Kto tak naprawdę wywodzi się z Ariów? Czy Słowianie czyli Polacy sa kontynuatorami tej liczącej 3000 lat ciągłości?
Nie wiem skąd u nich taki owczy pęd?
Dopadło go znane u Białczyńskiego podpinanie się pod ludy „znane z tego, że są znane”.
Nie zauważą, że Ariowie to tylko odłam wielkiego słowiańskiego ludu, który podążył swoją drogą.
Ten owczy pęd do aryjskości jest wg mnie podyktowany polityką. Środowiska konserwatywno-liberalne „zaprzęgły do rydwanu bieżącej polityki” kwestię aryjskiego pochodzenia Polaków. Im wcale nie chodzi o szukanie prawdy o rzeczywistych korzeniach naszych przodków. | 2019-04-23T12:05:37Z | https://skrbh.wordpress.com/2017/12/11/83-pra-slowianie-r1a-m17-m198-m417-z645-s224-czyli-przodkowie-orlow-ariow-scytow-sarmatow-germanow-czy-innych-wikingow/ |
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Thanks for the post, it brought some very interesting info about the navy I wasn't aware of. One thing you got me thinking is your DH was "deployed" on a ship out to sea and not a hostile war environment, correct? Perhaps the sea duty deployment rules are different or the entire navy rules are different.
31st day entitles a member to Family Separation Pay and gets tax free pay paid once the member returns from deployment.
If married, there is no meal deduction.
Also you pointed out that if you have an account that a spouse is going to need access to, unsure that steps are taken to give the other spouse full access. If you simply have an account like Kay where one bought a ring and do not plan on making additional purchases with, billpay is the solution.
1) First and Foremost: I have worked in military family advocacy and it is not pretty common for a troop to leave his wife behind to pay the bills and she spends the money instead of pays. I could very easily make the comment that I dealt with a number of cases where the servicemember took out CASH advances from the finance 'cage' while deployed and when the check was direct deposited, there was very little money left for the spouse to pay bills/care for children.
2) If a servicemember is having financial difficulties and is counseled by the command group/finance, he OR she does not want to be reprimanded and can and will tell finance/command group that the spouse overspent when in reality the financial difficulties were there well before any deployment.
3) Soldiers have been known to leave spouses behind with NO money to pay bills, leaving the spouse in a position where he or she has to apply for loans, grants, and public assistance.
You've obviously never worked on LeJuene. Unfaithful wives and empty bank accounts are the number one sob story.
I still see that as being the troops fault. Whether the girl forced him into a shotgun wedding or they were soulmates and girl changed her mind after non seeing her man for 12 monthes, they knew what they were getting into. You don't join the military during wartime and complain about going to war.
I've decided I won't read or post in this thread anymore, I have a different view that no one seems to care for.
You are waaaaayyyy over simplifiying the issue here. Bill pay does not take care of all of the problems. case in point: Kay's bill for us is usually $100, we do have it set up on bill pay and pay same amount every month. However, Kays, for some reason, screwed up and said that one month was $200 (even though the statement had said to pay the usual amount the next statement had said that payment for previos month was $200 obviously an error on their part), $100 payment was sent, we were charged a late fee for not paying the "whole balance". They would not TALK (discuss the statements or anything) to me about the account without a SPECIFIC poa for that account. I had only general at the time and I had to go through a lot (2 months of work and calls) to get it straightened out (DH had to call them from SPAIN to get them to talk to me.) So just because you have a poa and web bill pay does not mean that you are free of problems. There is a lot that goes into running the family and business when ones spouse goes on deployment. And what do you do if you are having financial issues?? You wont be able to talk to anyone about the accounts.
When DH is "officially deployed" (meaning the 6 month deployment) we get no special pay or incentive other than separation pay but like I said before, never count on it in budget because you never know when they will or will not pay it. He has not been to Iraq but he is involved in other dangerous areas. we do not get any special pay as far as I know. His ship has been all over the world this year and STILL has to go on the "official depployment" of at least 6 months soon. His sea pay did just go up but that pay depends on how long you have been attached to a ship, you lose it once you go on "shore duty".
I believe the BAS deduction is due to the fact that he still eats 2 meals a day on ship. But again this money is taken out regardless of the time spent on ship (Vacation, medical or SIQ leave doesnt matter) or time spent in home port. So its like we really dont get it anyways.
The Navy has the worst way to get information to families. Pretty much you have to learn as you go and you find out what things are needed once you need them.
Now lets talk about our upcoming PCS. We are trying to go to Italy next year. We will submit our choices Monday. I have no idea when they will tell us wether we are approved or not. They will only discuss specifics once we are approved to go. SO they will not tell us how to get passports, register the vehicle, or anything about moving until then. Obviously this is going to take money and time to get the paperwork and fees sorted out. DH will be on deployment and I will have to take care of it all from here. So how am I to budget for things that I dont know when it has to be paid or how much to pay?
Also, this month, our housing is being privatized. Now we have to sign a lease for our service member which requires a POA (my DH conviently has duty that day and cant leave his ship, it is left to me to go sign the stinkin lease). They are now going to give us our BAH which we will then turn around and give to these other people. Have I mentioned the fact that I have to put a security deposit down for a house I have been living in for almost 2 years??
My point is, things are always changing and it is very difficult to deal with the Navy, perhaps the AF is different. I have heard they take better care of their families. I have been told that my kids and I were not issued with my husband's sea bag so we do not matter. Things are not so simple and easy with the Navy as you are trying to make it out to be.
I just wanted to add a specific occurence that happened to me while deployed. Before leaving for my deployment, I set all my bills to automatically be withdrawn from an account specifically set up for bills. I of course also set up an allotment to automatically fund this account.
When I set up my auto-pay with my insurance (GEICO), they took the bank account number down wrong, which resulted in them cancelling my insurance due to non-payment, so when I arrived back from deployment, not only did I not have valid insurance, I also had a suspended drivers license (Florida revokes drivers licenses for people that fail to keep current insurance). Luckily, Florida had recently passed a bill that allowed deployed service members to waive any license revokation due to being uninsured while deployed.
A minor inconvenience, but I do not keep many debts, or else it may have happened to other accounts, with me not having control of any of them.
...and navy doesn't get hostel fire pay no matter where they go.
Just wanted to clear this up. The Navy does give Hostel Fire Pay, it shows on the LES as "HDP/IDP" (Hostel Fire Pay, Imminent Danger Pay). I received this for several months this year.
Unfortunately many of the military pay problems can be attributed to the command, not always DFAS or the branch in particular.
Things are not so simple and easy with the Navy as you are trying to make it out to be.
DH is AD USN - 22 years in. Things are not so complicated as you want to explain them to be, either. The Navy is also not as family-unfriendly as you would portray them to be. We've been in all types of different commands, and many times, it does depend on the command but overall I do not get the impression that we don't count because we werent issued in his sea bag.
The USN *does* get Hazardous Duty Pay (HDP/IDP)- DH has gotten it more than once (shipboard and land-based deployments)... Right now they should be getting it for Persian Gulf deployments.
I do wonder why your DH would be sprayed in the face with mace for lack of a piece of paper, though.
ESPECIALLY if you're on a ship.
As I have stated before, my husband has not been deployed to Iraq or the persian gulf, so so far we have not seen hazard duty pay or anything like it. He has been all over europe and asia and soon to be south america. i have stated that Iraq deploys may have different policies. I would not know. I do know that army does get them.
I have found the navy to be nothing but complicated and unhelpfull. perhaps your commands are better. Hopefully we will be as lucky as your family and get better commands.
Yes my husband had to get sprayed in the face with mace. It put him down for three days in 2005. He was going through the training for VBSS (Vessel Board Search and Siezure) which is basically SWAT for boats. You have to be sprayed in the face because they carry mace and must know how to fight if they are sprayed in return or catch some of what they have sprayed someone else with. They recieve a certificate after their training to verify that they completed this. They must complete the training every year (three weeks) but they only have to be sprayed with mace once if they can prove they have completed the course before. After my husband's last deployment, all records were moved from the ship to an on ground site on base. Suprise of all suprises, they lost several certificates for my husband during the move. Luckily I had the copies and was able to provide the command with the paperwork needed to prove he had all ready been through the training before and he did not have to be sprayed again. Instead he was able to help train the other guys how to fight with the mace in their eyes (2006). He will have to do it again soon for this year.
DH has been AD Navy for 8 years. I have not encountered one part of the Navy yet that has been truly helpfull with much of anything. The legal office was about the only thing because they answered my questions and were helpful somewhat. They are not forthcoming with information, they care nothing for me and my children, and some of the components are down right incompetent and rude. Perhaps your experiences are better.
I just hate for people to get the impression that just because you have web bill pay and you are military that you should have no problems. This simply is not true. Also, just because the spouse is home does not mean that he or she is spending all of the money. Anyone who has any job is subject to financial errors at any time and just being in the military does not make you exempt or more likely to have issues. We just have different ones due to deployment. I know I am not the only one who feels this way as I have many friends from different commands here that also say the same things as I am stating.
I am a military wife, We dont even have enough to pay bills when he is not deployed.
The military does not pay good and nothing is free.
They cannot get public assistance if they make to much money they could be 1 penny over, and not allowed to get food stamps.
The agency the above person is referring to forgot to mention, the soldiers put in money for that program.
every unit collects money for other soldiers emergencies.
But in order to get help you get in trouble and scrutinized.
The civillians working for the military treat us like we are begging them.
Most wives do pay bills, But sometimes you must decide wheather to feed the kids or keep the lights on.
Thats the real military family life.
I was AD Navy for 4 years (98-02), DH was AD for 12 (94-06).
Not to go off on a tangent here, but I'm going to chime in, especially on that last one. You know, you're right...a lot of military members mismanage their finances. It's easy to do when you are young, and even easier when you don't have little stability with a lot of responsibility. Most of you have probably made a few mistakes yourself or you probably wouldn't be on this board.
Like many young people, we made a lot of financial mistakes, but in almost every instance of extreme financial difficulty, it was due Navy pay Screw-ups! We are literally still suffering financially from the results of a 1999 Snafu. [That's the year our credit first decided to take a visit to hell and must have liked it, because it stayed there a while.The financial stress that befalls a military member (deployed or not) can't be compared to a civilian and it certainly can't be ignored. The inability of a spouse to work due to frequent moves and other factors relating to military life coupled with the "not great" pay cannot be overlooked either! While web bill pay and Internet banking are helpful, Internet connections weren't always readily available, and in many cases they still aren't.
Let me just come out and say that in no other organization in the world would someone be able to make so many errors in pay and not be SUED constantly. If military members, in particular sailors (true, assigned to a ship) could sue the Navy for the undue financial hardship caused by pay and accounting errors, then the most sophisticated ship that the Navy would own would be a kayak.
TOTALLY screwed up credit, STILL working on issues related to this time frame. Their response was that the member should have made copies of any requests for housing allowance and since he did not, the application that was processed was the only thing that would count.
2. Married in 2001, had to mail name change forms to SS office from sea, submit forms with PSD. Took a total of 7 months to change...guess what? Husband was at home with POA with married name, but few would accept because didn't match cred. reports or accounts because some accts required pay stub with current name. Money Lost: Lots of extra fees and time spentI made first increment on my E-5 exam, but didn't get paid until January 02 DUE TO AN ACCOUNTING ERROR...did get retroactive.
5. While a FT student depending on GI Bill and NCF, processing center lost paperwork from school. No payment for two months. Did retroactively pay. Not Navy, but still the same group of people.
6. Same thing when husband sep'd. Pay took 2 months to get here. Made it without a loan, but was late on several cards.
SO, you won't ever be able to convince this optimist that the Navy is a great "organization" (and I use that term lightly, as the fiscal management side should be called the Navy UnOrganization).
Please don't misunderstand and think that I am bitter about my military service. In fact, I'm very proud of the fact that we both served in the military. There are some wonderful things about the Navy and I don't regret the time that we spent there. There are a lot of wonderful people in the military.
However, for someone to believe that, as a whole, service members amount to more than just another number (in their organization) is being naive. I fought with PSD over SOMETHING at least once a year. They absolutely do not care about the people. What saddens me the most is that it's other military members that are making life harder for these families! It's an utter lack of respect for both their position and the work and sacrifices of the member. If I treated my employees the way that I was treated in the Navy, every single one of them would quit. Can you imagine me telling them there was some delay in their pay and they wouldn't get it for months? I mean, really?!
When I was a military spouse, the level of disrespect that I got from PSD (pay clerks) was outrageous. DFAS was another story entirely, even worse! Almost immediately, if I let it be known that I was prior AD, I was treated with more respect. So, please don't come on these boards and speak to these women as if they are maliciously spreading lies. It happens every day: The member assumes the spouse knows all of the ins and outs of the military, the spouse assumes the member has told them everything and in fact neither of them know everything. It should be absolutely MANDATED that every member of the military attend a financial planning and education session prior to marriage, deployment, having children or buying a home. The unique needs of a military family surpass those of regular families and if the system is going to be so difficult and pay on so many different levels, there needs to be more MANDATORY financial workshops, not just available on the web or at your nearest FFSC.
There are so many instances of pay mistakes in the military that this post could be just re: that topic! For you to be a military member or spouse and not admit the fact that you have experienced (or at the very least, witnessed) a pay error must mean you are either in a different branch of the military, have always been at a shore command, are married to someone in personnel, or are the Personnel Officer. Every single person that I know can tell you a story like mine!!!!
If anyone is considering going overseas with the military, I can tell you what to expect. I am going through this now with my husband deployed. There are financial considerations for E-4 and below and E-5 and above is different. The military will not tell you anything before you have orders, which is annoying because now they put a time limit on when all of this is due. I wish someone would have been able to let us know what to expect so I could have had some of the paperwork together now instead of scrambling to find everything in a week. Anyways, If you want to know what to expect, pm me.
Oh my gosh. I tell my husband CONSTANTLY that if a business was run the Marine Corps is, it would be out of business in a month. DH has been in the Corps for 6 and 1/2 years. We have been at four duty stations. We have never ONCE moved without some serious financial issues attributable directly to the Corps.
When we first got married we went from a situation from my husband being in military quarters (and in a different branch) to being married and in the Corps. The day we got married, he rated BAH and we moved to VA from MD and rented an apt so that he could report to Quantico MCB for training. For some reason, the admin office there neglected to process his new paperwork, which we took in the first day that we could, and we never received BAH. It took 6 months for them to pay us any BAH. The admin office continuously refused to speak to me about the issue because I was "only" a spouse. They wanted my husband to address it with them directly. Which was virtually impossible since their 8-4 hours were slightly difficult for my husband who was on deck at 5 each morning and not secured before 7 (at the VERY earliest) each evening. Despite a POA, admin was entirely uninterested in helping me. It took a call, from me, to the Capt in charge of DH's platoon to get any results. Needless to say, once the Capt called them, the money (7200) was in our accounts within a week. The same office caused serious problems for my husband's classmate who didn't get paid for 3 months. They wouldn't speak with his wife either.
We just PCSed across country from CA to VA. And the Corps has caused us numerous problems again. Between our partial DITY and our travel and dislocation allowances, the Corps owes us approximately $14000. $9000 of this was supposed to be in our account on the 21st of September. After weeks and weeks (almost 8, I believe) of blatant lies and incompetence from the admin office, we finally received $4000 last week (God only knows when the remaining 10K will show). Thank God we can rely on a significant amount of credit to deal with all the expenses that we incurred during our move or we would have been SOL. Marines take great care of other Marines, but the Marine Corps does a very crappy job of taking care of Marines, in my experience. Unfortunately, these pay problems are all too common amongst the Marines we know. The most upsetting thing about is it that while DH and I have resources to deal with expenses, what happens to the Marines that don't?
I guess my point is that there is only so much planning you can do if you aren't getting paid, KWIM? And believe me, I spent time as a Key Volunteer dealing with wives of deployed Marines. I know just how much trouble some spouses can cause when a Marine is deployed. I had to deal with a lot of fallout from situations caused by spouses. DH had to deal with trouble caused by Marines who were with him in the sandbox taking tons of split pay and leaving their wives with No Pay Due paychecks. There is a dire need for financial instruction for some of the Marines.
On the issue of disparity among branches, we just came from a joint forces situation and the difference between what my husband as a Marine receives from the Corps and our friend an airman receives from the AF is mind boggling. From quality of housing to stipends, the AF takes much better care of their airmen than the Corps can for Marines. It is very sad to see sometimes.
On topic, when DH deployed in '03, all of our creditors were more than willing to help us deal with our situation. The only problem was that reducing our CC rates meant freezing the accounts which was useless for us. We did run into an issue with POAs and accounts that weren't joint. Even if you have a specific POA, I found that many companies (Chase in particular) are still reluctant to deal with you.
I can say that we are not truly paid that much during deployment, the ones who say we are im noticing are highups or officer. In addition to my husbands pay we make exactly an extra $575 a month.
As far as taxes goes that is ok for those who have alot of taxes taken out monthly, but we never did so where not really gaining any money back there. One thing I inform alot of wives of is when they say taxes they are only referring to federal and sometimes state. I know alot of people think they will not have to pay FICA and Medicare and all that extra stuff , but thats not the case.
When you add in the cost of phonecards and packages not to mention the $175 bucks my husband has to pay every 3 months to have computer access, that extra money is pretty much gone.
The one thing I did take advantage of was the 6% interest on the STAR CARD which lets me not have any payments for the duration of his deployment. SOme say that is bad but it works for me since money is tight.
I also called my car company and asked them about the SCRA well they backdated all my interest and it paid off my car.
If this is the case, you are getting screwed. If you are married, they do not take BAS back out of your LES. Your husband need to conact his S-1 and get it revised. Only single soldier living in the barracks have Meal Deductions taken out.
I am in BNCOC now (an Army school) and one of the guys in my class had his wife ring up over $40,000 in CC debit while he was deployed to Iraq.
I told him to divorce her flowers then sue her for opening up a card in his name.
You are only hearing one side of the story.
Yes I understand that but he showed me his bills, he has to use over 80% of his paycheck to pay towards the CCs. There is a lot more too it and all I can say is 1 joint account for paying bills and 2 seperate accounts, one for the wife and one for the hubby and no joint CCs.
How do you know he didn't contribute to the debt? When it comes to a significant debt, it is ALWAYS easier to blame someone else. I am not saying this did not happen and does not happen in the military because it does, however it can go both ways and I have seen it go both ways except the wife left back home did not have any credit cards and her husband left her with VERY LITTLE money to pay bills. Some spouses were handed eviction notices for non payment within a couple of weeks of their spouses deployment because their spouse left without paying rent and did not tell them.
I wish I was still in. Huge mistake getting out. Like most things in life. there is not a simple one-size-fits-all solution to the issues at hand. However, I can speak with a small bit of experience. That truly 99% of the time, when you peel back the layers of the onion. It is the service member who has caused all of his or her financial woes. A small dose of self-education + that ruthless teacher called experience, usually helps most everyone out of there financial problems in the military.
Immaturity + easy credit are ALWAYS a recipe for problems, regardless of service affiliation. When I was a PVT/E-1, I didn't save, bought on credit, never had a plan for finances and guess what? There were tons of problems. 21yrs later not so many problems.
I have never been a victim nor will I be.
BTW the money is pretty good. I laugh when people complain about the pay. the paycharts are not a secret, there widely publicized. there is NO draft. yet folks still act as if there not paid well. I KNOW that most are paid well (for their experience) they just don't budget well.
I've been hashing this out a little bit at a time in the credit forum, but I figured it was my duty to contribute here as well. I'll try to keep this from running on endlessly.
Had Alltel phone. Deployed to Iraq in 2003. Had service ended shortly before deployment while paying balance. No contact with Alltel since. No record of being shut off. Wasn't really at the forefront of my mind.
Have been shredding unidentifiable mail without opening believing it to be junk for a while; started opening everything a short while ago.
Received what was probably not first communication from A "effin" I; trying to cut a deal for 50%. Alltel CSR wont give me any info other than "talk to the CA". This tells me Alltel did not cancel, or reactivated my account without my permission, or did something to cause me to incure charges without my knowing.
I email nutcased as many execs as I could find at alltel, no answer. Sending toned down letters soon.
Will DV A "effin" I soon.
I've been off active duty for about 2 years, which I have been doing nothing but training and studing and testing to be a paid firefighter. It is a very long, competitive and arduous process. I applied for a hiring process Aug 2006. After going through the whole testing process started then, and being in the top 20 candidates (the first group to be contacted) I just now am being contacted to submit to a background check which undoubtedly will include a credit check. This is my only "recent derogatory", which is in error, and may mean the difference between employment or not. There will not be another list compiled for another 2 years minimum. If somehow I did secure employment, the DW and I would then be in the market for our first house.
All for $117 that I don't even owe.
I know many more and worse "screwed at home while off at war" stories.
Anyways....That my story and I'm sticking to it!
When I was 18, I went credit crazy, and recieved Cards/Loans from Capitalone, Kay, Reeds, JC PENNY, Zales, Aspire, AES, and Dell. I never paid any back or intended. I didnt have a clue how credit worked, but I remeber a Teacher telling me how easy it was to make lil mistakes when your young and just declare BK.
When I was 20 i joined the Navy, Learned a lil disapline, Went to a few madatory finnancial training, and decided I was going to get my Sh*t Straight. Started Settling everything I could. Well I have been in the Navy for 5 years now, and around September of this year, decided that since I was going to the states I would buy a house. I bought a copy of my credit report to see what was there. It was pretty Bad. About 6,000 dollars in debt and alot of account I never heard of. Well I make great money and can afford to pay it all of, and I have, now Im doing the cleaning. Everything that is on my credit report, with the exception of the missing judgment, is my fault. I thought that my credit would get better with time, and with creditors opening up duplicate accounts, and then others putting accounts as new charge offs every month. it just went down hill. Its hard to repair credit overses, because of the time it takes for mail, having no clue what address collections are going to...and having to stay up till 11pm to complain to customer service. The military made me finnacially responsible though. I never regret joining, would just like to get my score up.
I was told in my posting to add a post here and ask "Breeze" for some help. This is my original posting highlighting my issue http://creditboards.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=307590.
I am just waiting for the tradeline saying it is in collections to show up on my report. I am devistated this will be my first negative report. I have solid, excellent credit (I have never had late payments or unpaid debts my ratings are 725+) but I know that if I pay it they are not going to care and it will be hard to even get them to deal with me after that. The negative rating will stay on my credit as collections even if it shows up paid.
Is there anyway to go about this to get the negative collection tradeline removed or any indication of a negative rating removed? Is it better to just pay it and be done with them, taking the rating and sucking it up or dispute their claim and do a little work in hopes that my name will get cleared in the end?
If doing work is the answer where do I start? Is using a JAG lawyer wise or is it better to dispute as a consumer alone? I know some of the things they said on the phone are illegal after I looked up the Fair Collections Act but what can I do about that? I know this is a ton of questions but any help would be appreciated.
So I know this is my first post....but when I transfered to Japan back in 1999, there really was not much available to do online and I am still paying for those mistakes on my credit report. I had to rely on mail to get back and forth to the credit companies and needless to say it did not. I have a several negative items on my credit report that will be there for a long time becuase they were still charging fees and interest up until 2004/2005.
One more thing: I searched the forum to see if there was already a post about something like this but there was not, at least that I could find: End of 2003 I got deployed to Uzbekistan with the AF and had worked it out with my apartment complex to pay the rent when I got back, minus late fees because I was only going to be gone for 30 days. I had all this in writing by the manger and then she quit while I was gone. I got back to find out that I had been taken to court for failure to pay my rent. They filed a judgement against me for the whole amount of the lease. I went in the next day and paid the whole amount, but the damage had already been done. I showed them the letter and they told me that because she did not work there anymore that that letter was no good to them. So my questions, is there anything I can do to get the judgement off my credit report? And, is there anything I can do about the charge-offs that are now paid? There is also a debt for a credit card on there with a balance that keeps going up month after month, but when I call Capitol One, they have no record of it. Any help would be greatly appreciated.
I also have plenty of other military/credit stories if they are still needed.
All I can say is it comes down to communication and trust.
Both my husband and I communicate about money, cc's, bank accounts, all that. We also trust each other. Yes there was a period in the beginning that we both had to get used to being an "us" instead of an "I" but we worked it out.
If you can not trust the spouse, wheather home or deployed, then you are going to have issues.
I do not believe this thread was started with the intention of blaming the deployed or their spouse as the root of all of the financial issues.
I believe this thread was intended to be about the difficulties of finacial life that face those in the military.
Can we please stop with the generalization of the spouse spends money!??!!
The fact is that some do but not all.
I am the at home military spouse and I am NOT out spending all of our money. In fact, I am trying to find out the best way to invest the 10k that we have saved this year.
So if you have information that is helpful please post and stop the bashing of military spouses.
If you have an issue and need help credit wise, you are best posting in the credit forum where more people will see it.
And do not forget that military has the JAG office for free that can help you in many situations. They can also point you to other military affiliated places that can help you too. It is FREE and does not go on your record that you used it.
There are also places where you can get a no interst or low interest loans if you need money, places to get food and clothes if you need it (sometimes furniture too) as well as many other programs. DO not forget that with the servicemembers relief act you have many protections including a stay from eviction, lowered interest rates, and other legal issues. | 2019-04-24T10:57:38Z | https://creditboards.com/forums/index.php?/topic/274783-military-deployment-and-credit/page/2/ |
At the center of this pivot has been the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), an enigmatic trade pact that has been hailed as a true “21st century agreement.” In negotiation since 2008, the TPP would link the United States with Australia, Brunei, Chile, Malaysia, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore, and Vietnam (the TPP-9) across a variety of economic platforms. Mexico, Canada, and Japan are all looking to join the agreement (the TPP-12), which would make the TPP the largest trade bloc in the world, encompassing some 700 million people and about $26 trillion USD in various forms of economic activity.
But, for the most part, the member countries have conducted negotiations for the TTP under the mantle of utmost secrecy. The true scope of the agreement has only become apparent due to a few leaked texts and sporadic reports from the signatory countries. Evidently, trade is only the beginning of the TPP’s jurisdiction as it also contains chapters on customs, cross-border services, telecommunications, government procurement, competition policy, cooperation and capacity building, investment, financial services, environmental regulations, and intellectual property rights. The very breadth of the agreement would require the rewriting of numerous domestic laws in every signatory country, threaten the sovereignty and autonomy of domestic legal systems, enable environmental degradation by transnational corporations, impose harsh patent regulations, and severely limit access to information across the globe. However, the most significant issue regarding the TPP is the very lack of transparency. Hailed as a new century trade agreement, the lack of information made available to the public, including the U.S. Congress, hardly embraces the realities of the twenty-first century. Ultimately, it is evident that the TPP has the power to transform the global economy and the Pacific community alike, with serious ramifications, both positive and negative, throughout the region.
Although the initial goal of the TPP was the promotion of free trade, only 2 out of 26 chapters concern this subject. The countries involved stand to benefit from lower prices resulting from fewer barriers to trade, but damage to the livelihoods of many workers appears to be inevitable. In 2011, the TPP-9 generated a GDP of $17.8 trillion USD, with the United States contributing 85 percent of this figure. Approximately 5 percent of U.S. trade flows are to its fellow TPP-9 countries; in 2011, U.S. exports totaled $105 billion USD to these countries while imports reached $91 billion USD. The addition of Japan, Mexico, and Canada would bring both the combined GDP to $26.6 trillion USD and the TPP’s share of U.S. trade flows to 40 percent. The TPP in its current form is estimated to augment the U.S. economy by $5 billion USD by 2015 and $14 billion USD by 2025, but this figure would drastically increase under the potential TPP-12. These fiscal benefits would be far less for the U.S. than for other of its partners as Washington already has signed free trade agreements with Australia, Canada, Chile, Malaysia, Mexico, Peru, and Singapore. Nevertheless, the U.S. hopes that this agreement will help it pivot its focus toward Asia politically by means of this regional forum, as well as economically by tapping East Asia’s increasing large disposable income.
Agriculture primarily drives regional trade and governmental control over domestic agricultural sectors will be significantly impacted by the TPP. Canada, in particular, is concerned about the mandate that would force Ottawa to alter its supply management policy that presently protects approximately 15,000 dairy and egg farmers. This action would effectively neutralize the industry on the world market because they would not be able to compete against cheaper goods coming from Australia and New Zealand. The OECD estimates that Canadians spend an additional $3 billion USD on food products annually as a result of Canada’s supply management policies. Despite these concerns, Canadian Prime Minister Steven Harper reiterated his eagerness to join negotiations at the June G20 summit in Los Cabos, declaring, “This is a further example of our determination to diversify our exports and to create jobs, growth and long-term prosperity for Canadian families,” especially because Canada lacks FTAs with East Asian countries. Canada’s dairy supply management program is only one a number of policies practiced throughout the region that would detract from the benefits of free trade and manipulate the agreement to benefit domestic interests.
Nevertheless, there is no question that the TPP as it now stands would benefit regional trade. As Laura Dawson, an expert on Canadian trade relations explained, the number of regional alliances and FTAs complicates transactions and creates a “noodle bowl” of international trade, one that increases the cost of exportation by an average of 5 percent. Consolidating the restrictions and regulations under one agreement would help cut down these costs, hopefully inducing further economic integration. With billions of dollars in potential gains, this integration is what truly generates interest in specific countries and points to what could be the most salient benefit from the TPP.
The major concerns regarding the TPP surround the dearth of transparency provided by signatory countries. At the beginning of the negotiations, the United States Trade Representative (USTR) issued a statement declaring that the TPP is an “ambitious, next-generation, Asia-Pacific trade agreement that reflects U.S. priorities and values.” President Obama’s own endorsement stated that the TPP will “boost our economies, lowering barriers to trade and creating more jobs for our people.” But beyond these vague declarations, no one outside of the negotiators’ inner circles has been allocated detailed information regarding the treaty. Indeed, the public probably knows more about the defense budget and the aggregate deployment of U.S. nuclear warheads than it does about the U.S. position on the TPP.
Clearly, these closed-door negotiations do not resemble the White House’s vision of the TPP as a “21st century trade agreement.” Alarmingly, the President noted that the TPP was supposed to become “a high-level trade agreement that could potentially be a model, not just for countries in the Pacific region, but the world in general.” However, the Obama Administration is not embracing the realities of the modern informative network, setting a detrimental precedence for such an important agreement. The USTR claims that this has been the most transparent FTA to date. Yet the USTR also argues that the TPP is not simply an FTA, but rather an international agreement in which trade is only one element involved in the negotiations. In this respect, the TPP has not lived up to the precedent set in such negotiations as the FTAA or in organizations such as the Asian Pacific Economic Community (APEC). Indeed, beyond any substantive concerns regarding the text of the TPP, the lack of transparency might be the most troubling aspect of the proposed pact.
In a 2008 campaign speech, President Obama promised: “We will not negotiate trade agreements that stop the government from protecting the environment, food safety, or the health of its citizens; or give greater rights to foreign investors than to U.S. investors.” Almost every provision promised in this speech has been violated by the TPP proposal, primarily in the recently leaked investment chapter. This chapter has become particularly contentious even within the sealed negotiations with Australia refusing to sign the provision. Using a broad definition of investment, provisions contained in the chapter will enact international laws that will protect anything from existing investments by domestic firms in foreign countries to shares and derivatives, public-private partnerships, mining and manufacturing licensing and permits, as well as expected future profits of other TPP investors. Therefore, the chapter defines investment far beyond the traditional bounds of real property.
The investment chapter threatens the national sovereignty of signatory nations due to the creation of an arbitrary international tribunal that could bypass domestic laws when it comes to ruling on investor-to-state disputes. This tribunal follows the trend of treaties subordinating the role of national legal systems in dispute resolutions. Thus, if an investor believes that a law, regulation, policy, or program in a foreign country has violated his or her rights—even if the foreign government implemented those laws for the welfare of its citizenry—the investor can sue the foreign government for compensation in an international tribunal. As B.S. Chimini argues, “it is not the greater internationalization of interpretation and enforcement of rules that is problematic but its differential meaning for, and impact on, third world states and people.” Over $350 million USD have been paid out by governments to corporations in these investor-state cases, such as the one between Renco and the Peru (detailed later), which attack anything from natural resource policy to health and safety measures.
Because the TPP removes the host state of the foreign investors from litigation, investors would be capable of exploiting loopholes such as Most Favored Nation (MFN) status or utilizing the broad definition of indirect expropriation to pick advantageous standards and dispute settlement mechanisms. These investor-to-state negotiations will enable transnational corporations to reap profits from foreign citizens over policy in the countries where the corporations operate, even when no international state-to-state disputes exist.
The intellectual property chapter appears to carry with it the most substantive changes to international law to be found in the entire TPP. A leaked text, available via House Oversight Committee Chairman Darrell Issa (R-Calif.), details a harsh copyright law, mirroring that of the United States, which has the potential to alter domestic laws throughout the region. This chapter, driven primarily by the U.S., if adopted in its current state, would enact the strongest intellectual property protection and enforcement standards in any FTA to date. The proposed document embraces the controversial Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA) and recalls the rejected Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA), pushed by the powerful pharmaceutical and Hollywood-funded lobbying firms in Washington, by altering the ability to access information and vital resources for developing countries. The primary issues in the intellectual property chapter surround the extension of copyright, restriction of parallel importation, the enforcement of new laws, and the ramifications for such products as textbooks and medicine. The intellectual property chapter best exemplifies the maximalist stance Washington has taken in these negotiations, which contradicts the development agenda proposed in more transparent, multilateral agreements such as the 1994 WTO Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights Agreement (TRIPS).
In terms of copyright, the TPP will dramatically expand its minimum international standards in scope and length, many of which do not even reflect settled U.S. law. The treaty proposes to lengthen copyrights on published works; under the treaty they would expire 70 years after the death of the author or no less than 95 years from the first authorized publication. This would extend the length of copyright in a significant portion of signatory countries as well as annul the TRIPS standard of 50 years after death or 50 years after publication. Although this copyright period mirrors U.S. law, the U.S. law sets 70 years post-mortem as a ceiling, while the TPP denotes this as a minimum length. These extended laws go against economic rationality, as the government cannot incentivize the creation of work that already exists under copyright, thus it draws no additional economic benefits. Rather, the extended laws would cut supply in the creative goods sector, particularly in developing countries where the public domain plays an increasingly important role in information dissemination.
The intellectual property chapter further enables the patent or copyright holder to block parallel importation of copyrighted works. Parallel importation is the practice of importing a legitimate copyrighted good, not an illegal reproduction, at lower prices than what is available domestically without the permission of the copyright holder. Many of the smaller TPP countries benefit from this practice because they lack the sufficient population or demand to attract a low market entry price. For example, with the TPP in effect, a school in Malaysia or Peru would be forced to purchase textbooks at higher domestic prices rather than contracting with a buyer who could purchase the textbooks at a lower price in a market such as the United States and then sell them to the school at the lower price. The restrictions on parallel imports remain unsettled or unenforced in every TPP signatory nation, including the United States. The current international laws surrounding this practice, denoted in TRIPS, leave countries free to adopt their own policies based on their domestic intellectual property laws.
The final area of concern in the proposed intellectual property chapter is the enforcement aspect of copyright infringement. The U.S. has proposed a multi-faceted scheme for patent violations that allows for prosecution based upon pre-existing or statutory damages, a provision that appears in U.S. law, but not in that of any other signatory nation. This part of the TPP proposal takes the ability to punish infringers one step further by allowing for the prosecution of every infringer, rather than only willful ones. This provision encourages a rent-seeking behavior on patent filing and deters innovation, both of which could prevent advances beneficial to social and economic development.
Many U.S. environmental groups, in particular the Sierra Club, have expressed both concerns and hopes over the potential ramifications of the TPP. U.S. negotiators have allegedly been pushing for stronger environmental regulations in the agreement, particularly regarding illegal logging, wildlife protection, and overfishing. But many other aspects of the TPP have the potential to damage the environment due to increased rights of corporations as well as the sweeping definition of investment.
The TPP would likely allow for increased exports of liquid natural gas with fewer regulations. This would undoubtedly result in an increase in hydraulic fracturing, a process that results in substantial environmental degradation, in order to obtain more natural gas. Hydraulic fracking threatens the environment and human health through water and air contamination, the migration of poisonous gases and chemicals to the surface, and the mismanagement of hazardous waste.
Moreover, the aforementioned investment chapter stipulates that under the TPP, corporations will have the ability to sue governments over any piece of legislation or regulation that they perceive as damaging to their future profits. Many worry that this will allow corporations to challenge domestic laws protecting the environment. Under the U.S.-Peru FTA, U.S. mining company Renco was able to sue the Peruvian government for $800 million USD in damages following the denial of their request for a third extension for their obligated chemical clean up. Under the TPP, lawsuits such as this one would likely become more common and would be resolved by foreign tribunals with rotating judges.
The TPP may also allow for corporations to challenge “preferential” labeling because such stringent standards on labels could result in favoritism towards a certain country’s product, therefore violating the FTA. This provision could result in more cases like the WTO ruling that forbid the U.S. from labeling tuna fished in a manner that prevented harm to marine mammals as “dolphin safe,” because it “unfairly discriminated” against Mexican tuna that was not required to feature this label.
In May 2007, due to concerns that FTAs were opening up the potential for multinational corporations to damage to the environment, Congress arrived at a bipartisan consensus that all future trade agreements would include enforceable environmental chapters. The TPP will undoubtedly include such a chapter. In FTAs with countries that are participating in the TPP, the U.S. already has shown some commitment to strengthened environmental standards. For instance, the U.S.-Peru FTA aimed to reduce illegal logging, a leading cause of deforestation. Although there is the potential to help the environment through free trade agreements such at the TPP, profits often outweigh environmental concerns.
In recent years, Latin American and Asian markets have become increasingly intertwined through trade networks. In 1990, 60 percent of Latin America’s trade was with the U.S. and only 10 percent was with Asia while in 2012 those figures are markedly different. In recent years, East Asian economies have invested heavily in the greater Latin American region and as a result many Latin American countries are striving to gain greater political and economic connections to East Asia. The TPP would facilitate such connections, making the agreement important for Latin American countries. Nevertheless, with its explicit focus on the United States and Asia, Latin America is only approached by little better than proxy in this agreement, which as a result has negatively affected perceptions of the pact around the region. As of now, Chile, Peru, and Mexico are the only three Latin American countries currently in, or seeking membership in, the TPP.
Chile, one of the original TPP members, already has enacted FTAs with a number of TPP countries including Australia, Mexico, the U.S., and Peru. Therefore, Santiago has recently expressed concern that it would receive minimal benefits from the TPP. Santiago takes issue with Washington’s strong stance on intellectual property issues, as current Chilean trade negotiator Ana Novik acknowledged, “We are not just negotiating with countries with high IP standards. This agreement needs to reflect that. We will not sign the TPP no matter what comes out of the process.” This change in attitude has worried TPP supporters because Chile was long considered a guaranteed signatory. However, many in Chile who still support the TPP believe that the agreement will provide the country with greater access to TPP markets in addition to providing a multinational enforcement authority. Chilean ambassador to the U.S. Arturo Fermandois claimed, “We needed to integrate [with] the world” and views the TPP as the best manner in which to do so.
Under President Alan Garcia’s second term from 2006 to 2011, Peru pursued a variety of free trade agreements including ones with the U.S., Canada, Singapore and China. Due to these already forged connections in the TPP region, similar concerns over the dearth of potential trade benefits exist in Lima. But, Peruvian Ambassador to the U.S. Harold Forsythe has remained optimistic, stating, “Peru is the main door for entry into Latin America for economies in the Asia-Pacific,” and thus will benefit from increased trade and economic opportunities under the TPP.
The TPP members welcomed Mexico into the talks in June, much to the joy of departing president Felipe Calderon. Calderon believed that, “[The TPP] is one of the free trade initiatives that’s most ambitious in the world and would foster integration of the Asia Pacific region, one of the regions with the greatest dynamism in the world.” But many in Mexico view the TPP as a modernization of NAFTA, whose significant contributions to economic growth were overshadowed by the havoc it wrecked on the livelihoods of farmers and other Mexican workers. Further, many in Mexico City have criticized the conditions of entrance for Mexico. Washington has encouraged Mexico to sign ACTA, an act with large-scale opposition in Mexico, and Mexico will have to accept any provisions already negotiated in the TPP because the negotiating table will not be reopened. But Mexico fears potential ramifications for not participating in the TPP, in terms of trade with the NAFTA region, investment by East Asian countries, as well as the benefits of potential future expansion to Japan, South Korea, and China, so Mexico City has appeared to accept the harsh conditions.
With the Doha Round of the WTO stalled, many view the TPP as the next step toward opening up and regulating international trade. The TPP could serve as a pathway to the Free Trade Area of the Asia-Pacific (FTAAP), which would also include other Asian powers such as South Korea and China in addition to the TPP-12. The addition of further countries, particularly large economies such as Japan, South Korea, and China would greatly increase the impact and importance of the TPP. These three countries in particular have recently shown great interest in Latin America, with China investing $15 billion USD in 2010 in the region, mainly in Brazil, Peru, Chile, and Mexico. In 2011, Japan surpassed that investment figure, displacing China as the region’s top Asian investment and trade partner. Thus a possible TPP-12, or even TPP-14 with South Korea and China, would make the agreement much more attractive to Latin American countries. But significant obstacles will have to be addressed before any of these countries are able to join.
Much to the excitement of the U.S., Japan signaled its interest in joining the TPP talks last November but has balked regarding its formal application due to opposition in Tokyo. Washington welcomes the possibility of Japan joining the TPP because it hopes that the removal of Japanese protectionist policies will shrink its $62.2 billion USD trade deficit with Japan. Concerns have risen over Japan’s highly protectionist agricultural sector as well as its auto industry. The rapidly aging Japanese farming population generally resides on small-scale farms and most farmers now receive a large portion of their income from nonagricultural sources. In terms of the staple of rice, Japan cannot compete with rice-producing bastions such as Vietnam, and instead resorts to absorbent tariffs that all but eliminate foreign supply of rice in the domestic Japanese market. The cost that Tokyo incurs from protecting this industry with tariffs exceeds the value of production. Thus, removing the protections on Japanese farms would undoubtedly destroy the industry in its current form, but could spur a rapid modernization of the Japanese agricultural sector. Similar controversy surrounds the auto industry, which uses import regulations to suppress the flow of American autos into the domestic market. Many of the TPP-9 would like to see Japan admitted to help open up the economy to foreign products and services, ending this post-World War II era of protectionism.
Although South Korea remains more focused on developing free trade agreements within Asia, Seoul has been contemplating the possibility of joining the TPP. Seoul feels that the recently signed KORUS FTA as well as FTAs with other TPP-9 countries has bought it enough time that it can sit out the initial rounds of negotiations. Thus, although Seoul currently is focusing on regional integration, as exemplified by the proposed Japan-China-Korea FTA and the recently opened China-Korea FTA, South Korea remains the most likely next step for future TPP expansion after the TPP-12.
Beijing has viewed the TPP with significant suspicion, with some detractors considering it to be a cross-continental trade agreement that intentionally excludes China in order to check its economic growth. Similar to Seoul, Beijing has focused on regional integration and has pushed ASEAN to expand to ASEAN+3, which includes China, Japan, and Korea. Although no invitation is required to join the TPP and countries simply must meet its guidelines, China would most likely face difficulties achieving and maintaining those standards. Beijing’s policy of sustaining state run enterprises, the difficulties surrounding land purchase in China, the Chinese Central Bank’s intentional undervaluation of the currency, and various barriers to free trade all violate the principles of the TPP. Therefore, China’s addition would be seen as a massive asset, but one that would only be possible in the long term.
The Trans Pacific Partnership, which began as a modest trade pact between Singapore, New Zealand, and Chile, has the potential to alter existing global economic relationships. This so-called trade pact of the future covers far more than just trade, with chapters addressing modern topics such as an extension of investment past real property, intellectual property rights, and environmental standards among others. There is no question that the agreement would positively affect many signatory nations’ economies; however, many of the proposed regulations pushed by the U.S. would violate regional domestic laws while compromising national sovereignty. Most significantly, these regulations would contradict promises President Obama has made regarding trade negotiations and uphold the investor-to-state relationships that place the interests of big business ahead of those of the general citizenry.
Although this trade pact addresses many facets of international economic relationships, negotiations suspiciously have been conducted behind closed doors. The incredible dearth of transparency does not adequately represent a 21st century agreement, but rather one of the Cold War era, shrouded in secrecy. The secrecy prevents both dialogue in the general public through academic and policy organizations alike as well as citizens from expressing their opinions to elected leaders. Importantly, without this greater transparency, it is difficult to ascertain many implications of the pact.
As a centerpiece of President Obama’s pivot to Asia, which includes Latin America via the TPP, the trade pact sets a powerful, if not potentially dangerous, precedent for future trade agreements in the emerging region. But instead of encouraging sustainable economic trends and responsible transnational relations, the TPP could enact the same policies that have been proven detrimental in past smaller-scale agreements like NAFTA. The TPP rhetoric misrepresents the potential of free trade as it encourages, through greater international regulations, such as those seen in the intellectual property and investment chapters, the creation of domestic policies to manipulate the international market. Often, these actions strengthen the economically powerful, particularly by granting to the leadership the right to set its own nation’s course of action and implement its own visions, while those at the margins suffer. Thus, the TPP presents a troubling case of free trade being purchased at too great a price.
Clinton, Hillary. “America’s Pacific Century.” Foreign Policy (November 2011).
“The Trans-Pacific Partnership Leaders Statement.” The Office of the United States Trade Representative. November 12, 2011. http://www.ustr.gov/about-us/press-office/press-releases/2011/november/trans-pacific-partnership-leaders-statement.
Dawson, Laura. “Canada and the Trans-Pacific Partnership.” Speech, Wilson Center, Washington D.C., August 8, 2012.
Obama, Barack. Speech at the November Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation summit, Yokohama, Japan, 2011.
Chimni, B.S. “Third World Approaches to International Law: A Manifesto.” International Community Law Review 8 (2006), pp. 3-27.
Intellectual Property Chapter available at http://keepthewebopen.com/tpp. A special thank you to Professor Sean Flynn, Professorial Lecturer and Associate Director for the Program on Information Justice and Intellectual Property at the American University College of Law for his help on this subject.
Flynn, Sean, Margot Kaminski, Brook Baker, and Jimmy Koo. “Public Interest Analysis of the US TPP Proposal for an IP Chapter.” Northeastern University School of Law Research Paper 82-2012 and American University WCL Research Paper 2012-07 (December 6, 2011).
Agreement on Trade-‐Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, Art. 6, Apr. 15, 1994, Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization, Annex 1C, Legal Instruments—Results of the Uruguay Round, 1869 U.N.T.S. 299 [hereinafter TRIPS].
“Analysis: Renco Group Uses Trade Pact Foreign Investor Provisions to Chill Peru’s Environment and Health Policy, Undermine Justice.” Public Citizen Global Trade Watch, March 2012. http://www.citizen.org/documents/renco-memo-03-12.pdf.
Sanchez, Luz Maria de la Mora. “Mexico and the Trans-Pacific Partnership.” Speech, Wilson Center, Washington D.C., August 8, 2012.
Infrastructure Without Foreign Investment: Can Brazil Afford Economic Growth? | 2019-04-18T22:41:57Z | http://www.coha.org/the-trans-pacific-partnership-free-trade-at-what-costs/ |
Most of us who’ve had jobs have seen different styles in managers.
There are some that left us, as employees, pretty much alone to do our jobs. They interfered only when necessary and appropriate.
Others wanted to know everything, have a say in everything, be copied on everything etc. They are known as micromanagers.
Debra Auerbach, a writer for the Advice and Resources section of CareerBuilder.com, issued a few tips on dealing with micromanagers. Her article appeared in the Feb. 21, 2016, edition of The Tennessean newspaper in Nashville.
Her first tip in dealing with a micromanager is to be on top of your game. You don’t want to give that boss more reason to nitpick, she writes.
Secondly, she suggests determining whether you are a target. See whether the manager picks on others he or she supervises, as much as he or she picks on you.
Thirdly, she suggests building trust. The manager has to trust you if you have any chance of getting “more space” from that manager.
She also suggests providing frequent updates to the manager, trying your best to adapt to that management style and deciding whether working in this environment is a deal-breaker for you.
We’ve all either worked for, or have seen in action, micromanagers. As discussed previously, leaders don’t micromanage. Leaders hire the right people and provide the environment in which the employees are empowered to do their jobs the best way they know how.
Ideally, the boss is doing what he or she does best, so he or she doesn’t have the time or inclination to worry about what the employees do best. Sure, there are certain expectations. But, if the leader has done his job correctly, he or she has no worries about those expectations being met or exceeded.
What kind of environment do you work in? Do you work for a micromanager? Many of them are not necessarily hostile toward you, but they annoy you and make your job more difficult than it should be.
Most jobs have stressful components. Micromanagers add to that stress. Leaders do their best to relieve as much of the stress as possible.
Micromanagers will still be all over your case when you are shorthanded because someone is out sick or on vacation. Leaders will understand that you are working shorthanded, and pitch in to help pick up some of the workload.
A micromanager can ruin the career of a perfectly good person by nitpicking. That manager may even set out to hold his or her people back from advancement. A leader will encourage his or her people to move on, when the opportunity is better for that employee, and even help that person get what he or she wants.
If your boss is nitpicking you to death, you may have to take time outside of work to find other opportunities to earn income, so you can make such nitpicking a deal-breaker. For one of the best ways to do that, visit www.bign.com/pbilodeau. Eventually, you could be the leader that helps others advance.
Remember, some nitpicky bosses don’t mean you harm. It’s just who they are. You are who you are. If you understand them, you can better get along with them, until you are able to move on. Don’t stop looking for new places to go.
The Peter Principle is alive and well in many companies.
In a nutshell: A person becomes very talented and skilled in a certain area. He is promoted to manage that area. He becomes a terrible boss.
Jeff Vrabel discusses this in an article about bosses in the August 2015 issue of Success magazine.
“Some people are natural-born leaders. Others are cruel, inhuman monsters,” reads a sub-headline over Vrabel’s article.
We’ve come to expect, and Vrabel’s article points out, that those employees who perform well are rewarded by moving up to management. In most organizational structures, that is the only way to move up. But a good engineer, a good technician or a good marketer doesn’t always make a good leader. Too often, the opposite is true.
It’s important here to understand the difference between a manager and a leader. Managing is learned. Leadership tends to be natural.
So what happens? The promoted employee is given a list of procedures, a system, if you will, to learn. So he learns to be a manager. And, he or she isn’t even that good at managing.
“Leadership is personal. There’s no single way of leading, no silver bullet,” Vrabel quotes Deborah Ancona, faculty director of the MIT Leadership Center. “We can’t be perfect at everything. So if you’re someone’s boss, the trick is to find out what you’re really good at and what you need to ramp up on, and getting better at both,” Vrabel quotes Ancona.
As a boss, you could be doing everything YOUR boss is telling you to do, but your staff may still hate you. It’s human nature to like some people better than others. It’s also human nature to give more positive attention to some employees, and more negative attention to others.
When you mix the two traits of human nature, it can sometimes turn toxic. You may have a good employee, but, for some reason, you may not like him or her as well as you like some others. The employee senses that, and feels as if he or she is not being treated fairly. That puts added stress on the good employee, and that could manifest into the loss of that employee, or discord within the organization.
More importantly for the employee, he or she may not advance as far as he or she would like, or is capable of. That, too, could ruin a good career.
Managers have to work at treating everyone underneath them as fairly as they can. Leaders have to lead in their own way, as Ancona put it. It’s great to have high expectations of your staff. But if they don’t see you as having those high expectations of yourself, you won’t get the production or cooperation you want.
Many organizations foster competition among employees, rather than cooperation and teamwork. A good rule of thumb: If you are after the same goals, competition wastes energy. If each person or group in the same organization has different goals, it’s a recipe for disaster.
Have you been, or are you still, being frustrated by bad bosses? Are you feeling stuck under the duress of someone who doesn’t inspire you? You may have to look at developing a way to eventually fire that bad boss. There are many such ways out there for anyone. For one of the best, visit www.bign.com/pbilodeau. Who knows? You could turn into the leader you’ve always wanted, or wanted to be.
The best players almost never make the best coaches. The best employees don’t always make the best leaders. If you run a company, look for ways to reward your good employees without taking them away from what they do best, and most love to do. If you are a good at your job, and love what you do, don’t be afraid to say NO to a job you don’t want, even if it pays more. There are many other ways to add money to your coffers.
Leaders, often quietly, make themselves apparent. For instance, beware the person who wants to take credit for everything. Look for the person who wants to always GIVE credit to someone else.
If you are not a winner, are you a loser?
We’ve dealt with that question many times over the years, and we’ve seen both extremes.
In one extreme, tight competition among good players yields only one winner. The rest, though very good, lost. There’s a difference, though, between losing one competition and being a “loser,” we’ve discovered.
The other extreme is a child who gets an award just for showing up, so as not to hurt his self-esteem. This milieu in which everyone “wins” tends to give participants license not to try their best, or not to understand that life is a mix of winning and losing.
Tom Baxter, political columnist for the Atlanta-based Saporta Report, discussed the zero-sum game in the context of University of Alabama’s head football coach Nick Saban’s, and Michigan State University head coach Mark Dantonio’s opposition to expanding the college football playoff system from four to eight teams.
“This would do more to damage to the traditional bowl games and create a ruthless and unfair standard for college coaches,” Baxter writes of the coaches’ argument.
With the number of conferences and teams in college football, playing at varying levels with different levels of support, it’s not easy to determine a national champion. In the past, it was strictly by polls. Now, the polls determine the top four teams, and those teams engage in a playoff, with the winners of the first two games playing in a national championship game in January.
Baxter writes that Saban and Dantonio also argue that the expanded playoff format would put extra pressure on coaches. In college football, and most other sports, coaches live and die – or keep their jobs – based not only on their team’s results, but also on the expectations of the institution, or ownership, and the fan base.
Coaches with good overall records get fired based because of those expectations. Baxter used the example of University of Georgia head coach Mark Richt, who was fired before the 2015 season officially ended for his team, after 15 years of a good record. But the university and their fans had higher expectations, i.e. at least one national championship. If more teams got into the playoff format, that would put more pressure on coaches, Baxter writes of Saban and Dantonio’s argument.
Baxter uses the football analogy in reference to national politics, but let’s look at it in terms of everyday life.
Of course, everyone wants to win. But not everyone can win. There is a limited number of winning positions, at least in theory, and fair competition – or, in some cases, unfair competition – to determine who gets those winning slots.
Sometimes, showing up makes one a winner. Showing up can mean giving it a shot, which is more than some would do.
There are many who see themselves as winners, but are unsure at which endeavor they want to be winners. If you are one of those, visit www.bign.com/pbilodeau. You might find just the things to get your winning juices flowing.
So decide at which game/occupation/skill in which you want to be a winner. Then, go for it. You probably won’t win everything, every time, but keep at it. As for expectations, expect more from yourself than others expect from you. If you achieve your own expectations, you’ll always be considered a winner.
WILL A FINANCIAL EMERGENCY KILL YOU?
Fewer than 38 percent of Americans have at least $1,000 in savings.
Peter Dunn quotes that statistic in a column he wrote for USA Today, published Jan. 26, 2016.
A car repair, a refrigerator breakdown etc., can drain that $1,000 just like that. When you need a car to get to work, or a refrigerator to keep your food from spoiling, one, more or less, has to find the money to take care of these.
Dunn suggests making a plan. First, determine whether immediate spending changes or income changes will take care of your financial emergency. Second, grab the money from savings, if available. Third, borrow the money for the emergency, while concurrently creating a plan t pay off the debt in a specific period. Fourth, pay off the debt in that time.
“If you don’t leverage your emergency to create stability, you’re going to find yourself in deeper and deeper trouble,” Dunn writes.
Let’s get to basics. If you really only have $1,000 in savings, there are much bigger issues here, especially if you are older than, say, 18. You have to start planning not just for emergencies, but for your retirement years.
You don’t make that much money, you say? Well, then, start with looking at what you are spending, and whether your spending is necessary. Buying a cup of coffee on your way to work? Buying lunch at work? It might be better to make your own coffee and buy an insulated container to take it to work. It might be better to make your lunch at home and bring it to work.
You don’t have the extra time in your day to do that, you say? Then, look at how you spend your time. Perhaps getting up 15 minutes earlier in the morning to make your coffee, or making your lunch the night before as you sit in front of the TV may leverage your time better.
Look at other spending habits. For example, how much do you spend on “entertainment?” That can include dining out, movies, even digital services. As a start, look at your cell phone, television and Internet packages. Are there ways to trim back those costs in a way you can live with? Maybe get rid of your premium TV package.
Want a pet? Remember, pets are expensive. They need food, perhaps medicine, as well as your time and attention. Time is money. Are you prepared for that?
You should be able to save a portion of every paycheck, no matter how small. Regular savings, multiplied by time, augmented by wise investment, equals financial security in your later years. If you start saving $5 every week at age 20, and never touch that money, it will amaze you how much you would have at age 40. Then, at 40, check out the amount you’ve saved and continue not to touch it until, say, age 60, all the while continuing to put a regular amount from every paycheck into that fund.
Of course, getting back to Dunn’s point, you also need money for financial emergencies. Remember, if you are young, that you can’t lean on your parents or other family members forever.
Perhaps you might look at ways to earn extra income in a way that doesn’t interfere with what you are doing now. There are many such vehicles out there. For one of the best, visit www.bign.com/pbilodeau. You may get a two-fer: a lesson on saving money and a way to earn more money.
Most of all, you need to make saving an absolute priority. What you sacrifice today will pay off tomorrow. One never knows what tomorrow brings. One never knows when you might be forced to retire, or forced to look elsewhere for a job. What you save today may save your life later.
What did you learn in high school that you use today?
Perhaps you use some household math. Perhaps, if you took vocational courses, you use what you learned in auto mechanics, machine shop etc.
Most of us, though, would be hard pressed to think of much that we use today from our high school learning.
As it turns out, high schools were designed more than a century ago to produce efficient workers who could follow instructions, according to Ted Dintersmith, venture-capitalist-turned reformer.
“Henry Ford did not need creative, bold innovative assembly-line workers,” Dintersmith said.
Maureen Downey, education columnist for The Atlanta-Journal Constitution, took on the topic of high schools in a January 2016 column. She interviewed Dintersmith as part of it.
Now that the U.S. economy has changed from manufacturing to innovation, have high schools changed with it? Downey asks.
Downey points out that most of us believed that basic jobs, such as truck driving and delivery services, were immune to change as technology advanced. But Google’s self-driving car and Amazon Prime Air delivery drones are changing that.
So that begs the question: will high schools change the way they educate to conform to the changing economy, and the changing technological requirements?
Today, a high school education is not good enough, in many cases, to land a good-paying job. Even some who graduate college are finding they cannot parlay their brainpower into an economically exhilarating career.
So will high schools become irrelevant? Will some college curriculums become an expensive luxury?
Let’s break down the concept of education. Throughout most of our years in school, we learn “things.” We were expected to spit back those “things” on tests, to get our grades. Now, with technology, the “things” we were taught are available at our fingertips. What we really need to know is how to take those “things,” turn them first into ideas and then into action. In other words, gather your “things,” go forth and innovate.
It’s tough to put a finger on those jobs that will never go away. Perhaps some of you have had jobs you thought would never go away, but have. Were you replaced by a machine? Did what you do become irrelevant to the company as technology changed? Or, more likely, did the company just find it too expensive to keep you, so it figured out a way to do without you?
All those “things” you learned help you in trivia games, but they don’t move you forward in a changing world.
Let’s look further into colleges. We are starting to hear that the liberal arts is virtually useless in terms of finding one a job. We are hearing that the STEM programs (science, technology, engineering and math) are the only really employable fields to get into. But we all know that not everyone is cut out for those fields. So what is a person who wants to study the arts to do?
There are many ways to earn money while one pursues his artistic passion. For one of the best, visit www.bign.com/pbilodeau. You may find a way to work full time on your passion, and part time on your fortune.
We will always need people to do basic jobs. But those jobs hardly create lucrative careers. Are you learning to think the way innovators do? Or, are you just learning “things,” or how to follow orders?
Schools will eventually have to catch up with the rest of the world. In the meantime, if your school isn’t doing what you think is right for you, use your time outside of school to make things right by you. | 2019-04-18T19:13:06Z | https://peter-writeforme.com/2016/02 |
Drosera arcturi, Photo © Richard Nunn.
The evolution of Drosera and the other genera in the Droseraceae provides as many twist and turns in the story as any Gothic novel. It all begins in the dim past, an era so long ago we may never be able to know exactly what happened. We have self-incompatibility which in itself merits its own page and changes in chromosome numbers also with a separate discussion. Hybridization between species may be lurking in the closets. On this page we look at what the DNA is telling us. Chloroplast DNA provides simple answers but does not tell the whole story. Nuclear DNA may say something completely different while hybridization, polyploidy, and random chance muddy the waters. In the end we have a huge diversity of Drosera species in a large extended family.
Why is the evolution of Drosera important? Yes it is fun to know the evolutionary history of your plants. But what is important is to understand evolution of plants in general. We are in the early throws of a major mass extinction on this planet. Yes, it is important to know what we are losing, but it is even more important to understand how the species came into being. We know many of the workings of evolution in plants and we are constantly finding out more about plant biology and evolution. But finding new evolutionary mechanisms and determining which evolutionary mechanisms the plants actually experienced will tell us much more about how life came to be as it is. Or was.
Drosera arcturi. Drosera arcturi and its close relative Drosera murfetii appear to have maintained the expected ancestral leaf form of the genus. Notice how the leaf base wraps the stem of the plant in a way similar to Dionaea, Nepenthes, and other related genera. Photo © Richard Nunn.
This figure was constructed using data from NCBI and aligned by clustalw-2.0.10, analyzed by PHYLIP 3.69 dnaml DNA maximum likelihood program, graphed via PHYLIP drawtree unrooted tree drawing program and detailed manually in a drawing program. The lengths of the lines are an indication of genetic distance. Plumbago auriculata was used as the outgroup.
Most of the data used in this analysis are those used by Fernando Rivadavia, Katsuhiko Kondo, Masahiro Kato, and Mitsuyasu Hasebe (2003) which includes data in the NCBI database from other authors. The species identifications are supplied by the persons submitting the data to NCBI. There are no vouchers or other source documentation required by NCBI so the data may be misidentified. Not all data used here are published in journals.
Drosera spatulata (1) sequence is from Williams, S. E., Chase, M. W. and Albert, V. A. NCBI accession L19530 (2000). There is no information about the source or publication.
Drosera spatulata (2) sequence is from Hoshi, Y., Shirakawa, J. and Hasebe, M. NCBI accession AB355695 (2007). The source location is Japan.
2x and 4x refer to the ploidy level of lineages. 2x is diploid. 4x is tetraploid.
The chloroplast rbcL sequence data clearly delineate the Drosera out-of-Australia hypothesis. Drosera may not have initially evolved in Australia, but the genus certainly diversified dramatically there. One early branch of the Drosera tree gave rise to the specialized tuberous, woolly, and pygmy sundews along with their relatives Drosera binata and Drosera glanduligera. The other branch gave rise to or continued the more generalized small rosetted sundews with Drosera burmannii, Drosera adelae, Drosera hamiltonii, Drosera indica, and Drosera stenopetala. A few of the these Australian species established limited populations in Asia, India, and Africa. There are also examples of two species being established in South America from close relatives in Australia / New Zealand. However it appears the vast majority of Drosera species on the continents other than Australia originated relatively recently (i.e. a few tens of millions of years) from a plant similar to what we know today as Drosera spatulata.
Drosera spatulata is a complex species or a species group depending on how you want to view it. The tree shows two Drosera spatulata lines. One (1) is not confirmed to even be Drosera spatulata, the other (2) is not Australian, it is a tetraploid from Japan. We have no published, confirmed sequences from an Australian Drosera spatulata. This is an important nexus point for the evolution of Drosera and more work needs to be done to more clearly understand what happened.
As discussed by Rivadavia, et. al (2003) it appears the diploid Drosera in North America and South America arrived from a migration out of Australia up eastern Asia, across to North America, and then to South America. There are some curious anomalies though. The Australian and Asian Drosera spatulata extant today as well as Drosera neocaledonica are tetraploids. The only known diploid Drosera spatulata are in New Zealand. Also with the data we have now, Drosera brevifolia from the southern USA is more basal than Drosera rotundifolia from just north of Japan—the source location for the plant sequenced. We do not know specifically about Drosera rotundifolia from North America and Europe and it may be different from its Asian populations. In Asia we could be seeing the result of extinction or replacement or hybridization of the more ancestral forms. Once this branch of Drosera reached South America there is evidence of exchange back and forth between North America and South America. This is not surprising because there is a major bird migration route where these species are found. Birds were probably also responsible for the migration up Asia and over to North America as well.
What is difficult to explain is the migration route for the tetraploid Drosera from Australia or Asia to South America and Africa. Those continents appear to have been colonized at approximately the same time and many of the Drosera there now look very similar to each other and to Drosera spatulata. A problem of determining a source location is the known basal tetraploids are in Australia and Asia. One possibility is there was a tetraploid Drosera spatulata-like plant in Antarctica before it froze over with the opening of the land bridge between Antarctica and South America 25 million years ago. Birds transported the seeds north into South America and Africa. Alternatively the tetraploid Drosera spatulata in Australia and/or Tasmania could have traveled by sea birds on the prevailing winds to the southern tip of South America and Africa or via ocean currents. Drosera sessilifolia is too closely related to Drosera burmannii to have taken the Antarctica route so transportation half way around the world does happen.
Besides the Drosera spatulata nexus there is another nexus point that needs study: the initial Droseraceae radiation. The placement of Dionaea / Aldrovanda / Drosera regia / Drosera arcturi on the nexus of the rbcL tree and the chloroplast matK tree (See Nepenthes Evolution) are the same and not exactly satisfying. Based on characters other than DNA, Drosera regia and Drosera arcturi are transitional between Dionaea and the rest of the Drosera species, so some confusion is expected. The chloroplast-based trees indicate Drosera regia is off the main Drosera branch and more closely related to Aldrovanda. Or the flip side of this is Aldrovanda is more closely related to Drosera regia than it is to Dionaea. How much of what we see in the trees is real and how much is an artifact of the data or how we do the analysis? Never mind we are asking questions about events that happened on the order of 70 million years ago. Drosera regia and Dionaea muscipula appear to be allohexaploids, Aldrovanda vesiculosa an allo-octoploid and Drosera arcturi an allotetraploid (see Drosera Chromosomes page for an explanation). Since the rbcL tree only tracks chloroplast lineages, it only shows one of the possible three or four species that contributed to allopolyploids we see today. Even looking at nuclear DNA may not give a satisfying answer because diploidization could have silenced or removed the other copies of the sequences. In other words we may never know how all these species are related. But we can still try to find out.
The program used to generate the rbcL tree above uses an algorithm to determine which tree is the one most likely tree. There are programs that can tell you how confident they are at various points in the tree. The usual response is to collapse low confidence branch points and just say we do not know. What you really want to know is why there is low confidence, what the consequences of that low confidence are, and it would be nice to see visually what the range of alternative trees look like.
The NeighborNet algorithm (Bryant and Moulton 2004) takes a different approach to displaying species relationships. It draws a relationship network rather than forcing the data into a strict single line tree structure. It does this by first doing a maximum likelihood tree then layering a maximum parsimony tree on top. If the data display as tight lines we have good confidence in the groupings. If the data take the form of a vast network of connections then we have problems. In a chloroplast gene it is assumed problems causing low confidence are related to data quality. Low quality can result from sequencing issues, too few diagnostic sites, and/or a high ratio of within species changes to between species changes. The Drosera chloroplast data suffer from the latter two issues. Also since the rbcL sequences are for a region that produces a protein there is the additional problem of back-mutations. That is in a lineage there may be a change to an amino acid in the protein that may not be optimal. Later in the lineage it may mutate back to the original protein. In the programs doing the analysis this mutation and back-mutation would be consider no mutation when in fact it is two mutation events. Unfortunately there is no way effectively deal with this in a proper scientific way because there is no way to know this has happened until after the analysis is finished. And then you do not really know for sure. At least with NeighborNet you can see evidence of this happening because the distances along the tree are not additive and NeighborNet takes that into account.
Drosera murfetii is a very close relative of Drosera arcturi. Photo © Richard Nunn.
Drosera brevifolia from the SE USA.
White flowered variant of Drosera spatulata var. gympiensis found along the coast near Gympie, Queensland, Australia. Photo by Ivan Snyder.
Typical Drosera spatulata from Queensland, Australia. This is also known as the 'Kanto' form.
NeighborNet relationship network of the same chloroplast rbcL data set used for the tree above. The data were analyzed and drawn by the SplitsTree4 program (Drosera H. Huson and Drosera Bryant, Application of Phylogenetic Networks in Evolutionary Studies, Mol. Biol. Evol., 23(2):254-267, 2006) using the default settings. Changing program parameters made no significant changes in the network.
The NeighborNet tree clearly illustrates the problems at the two major nexus points. It shows the data do not allow a clear delineation of Drosera regia, Drosera arcturi, Aldrovanda vesiculosa, and Dionaea muscipula at the Droseraceae radiation. And again it favors Aldrovanda closer to Drosera regia and Drosera arcturi than to Dionaea. This is not totally unexpected because there is evidence each of those species evolved their signature attributes independently. Aldrovanda appears to have evolved snap traps independently of Dionaea: the traps of Aldrovanda close using a hinge-like mechanism while the traps of Dionaea close by modifying the curvature of the leaf. While Drosera regia has many attributes that ally it with the core Drosera it does have a few traits more like those of Dionaea than the rest of the Drosera genus. In fact we have no idea what any of these species looked like 65 million years ago or when each key character evolved.
More DNA data may help us to understand the Droseraceae radiation but maybe not. The figure to the right is a network of the combined rbcL and matK sequences for the species where we have adequate data. Basically it says the same thing. The most likely explanation for the difficulty is when Drosera regia, Drosera arcturi and the other Drosera, Aldrovanda vesiculosa, and Dionaea muscipula diverged the crucial period of time may have been a small fraction of the time period since then. If all five proto-species in the Droseraceae radiation diverged within, say, a million years and this happened 70 million years ago there will be very few diagnostic loci and we may not be able to distinguish diagnostic loci from noise.
The out-of-Australia nexus also shows a lot of what could be considered unresolved connections. This nexus may suffer from some of the same issues as the initial Droseraceae radiation—the key events happened over a short period of time a long time ago. However in this case it is not as long ago and we have more species with sequence data and many more species, subspecies, and forms that could be sequenced. Working with the data we have, removing Drosera uniflora from the analysis removes much of the network between Drosera stenopetala / Drosera uniflora and Drosera neocaledonica. Something curious is going on there but what? The non-linearity in the relationships makes me wonder if Drosera has low level chloroplast transfer in pollen. However it is more likely that with more data Drosera uniflora may link in more closely with another species closer to the branch point. But which species? It may no longer be around. On the South America / Africa branch we see that what I have labeled "Drosera spatulata (1)" sits right in this branch point and it networks curiously to Drosera capensis. I would sure like to know more about the source plant for that sequence.
It is important to note the data used to make the trees are chloroplast lineages. Chloroplasts are essentially intracellular cyanobacteria symbionts. Their genetics is much simpler which makes the data cleaner and thus easier to analyze and interpret. This chloroplast sequences also changes more slowly than most nuclear sequences and at a rate that is good for this level of study. What can complicate the analysis is that the rbcL sequence is of a protein coding region. Only certain mutations can happen that still result in a functional enzyme. Within a lineage there can be mutations and then back-mutations to the previous state obscuring the actual history of the lineage.
If there is a hybridization event, the chloroplasts will generally come from the female parent. For instance we know that Drosera tokaiensis resulted from a cross between the diploid (2x) Drosera rotundifolia and a tetraploid (4x) Drosera spatulata. This gave a mostly sterile triploid (3x) which after rare chromosome doubling resulted in a fertile hexaploid (6x) Drosera tokaiensis with the Drosera spatulata chloroplasts. Something similar probably happened to make the tetraploid (4x) Drosera spatulata found in Asia. I suspect a diploid (2x) Drosera spatulata hybridized with a diploid (2x) species currently identified as "Drosera spatulata" but not or a now extinct species which after chromosome doubling resulted in the tetraploid (4x) "Drosera spatulata" with Drosera spatulata chloroplasts. Another example of this is the hybridization between Drosera rotundifolia and Drosera linearis to produce Drosera anglica. At this point it is not clear whether Drosera anglica got its chloroplasts from Drosera rotundifolia and the event happened long ago or whether it has Drosera linearis chloroplasts. There is no published Drosera linearis chloroplast sequence.
What is a problem for the phylogeny is multiple chloroplast lineages in a species. If populations of a species have been isolated long enough the chloroplast profiles in each population will evolve independently. This is because new chloroplast lineages are founded by mutations all the time. There is generally no mixing or recombination of lineages in individuals because of the exclusive maternal inheritance. Through random sampling or selection, different lineages can come to dominate in separate populations of the same species. Hybridization between interfertile species can also inject new chloroplast lineages into the mix. This can make things "interesting" and some of our conclusions wrong. Unfortunately at this point we do not know how common these exceptions are.
How can we determine both parents of a hybridization event? With the chloroplast sequence data we can determine the probable female parent of the hybrid if it happened relatively recently. If the hybridization event happened multiple times we should be able to find some plants with chloroplasts from one parent and other plants with chloroplasts of the other parent. That is of course if the hybridization works both ways which is not always the case.
Another way to look at hybridization events is to compare nuclear DNA sequences. A common sequence to use is the DNA sequence for ribosomal RNAs and the "spacer" sequences between them. In the case for Drosera tokaiensis, Hoshi et al. (2008) found the nuclear sequences to be the same as Drosera rotundifolia. Curiously they did not find any sequences that matched Drosera spatulata. However they did find sequences that do not match any published sequence. It is unclear at this point whether they found evidence of gene silencing or if there were DNA isolation and sequencing issues. Either way they did confirm that Drosera tokaiensis is of hybrid origin and the parents were Drosera spatulata as the seed parent and Drosera rotundifolia as the pollen parent for the samples tested.
This Drosera story is a work in progress. We may never know or understand all the twists and turns but as we get more data more of the story will become less opaque.
Rivadavia, Fernando, Katsuhiko Kondo, Masahiro Kato, and Mitsuyasu Hasebe (2003) Phylogeny of the sundews, Drosera (Droseraceae) based on chloroplast rbcL and nuclear 18S ribosomal DNA sequences. American Journal of Botany 90(1): 123-130.
Bryant, Drosera , and V. Moulton. (2004) NeighborNet: an agglomerative algorithm for the construction of planar phylogenetic networks. Mol. Biol. Evol. 21:255–265.
Nakano, M., E. Kinoshita and K. Ueda. (2004) Life history traits and coexistence of an amphidiploid, Drosera tokaiensis, and its parental species, Drosera rotundifolia and Drosera spatulata (Droseraceae). Plant Species Biology 19(2):59–72.
Poppinga, Simon and Marc Joyeux (2011) Different mechanics of snap-trapping in the two closely related carnivorous plants Dionaea muscipula and Aldrovanda vesiculosa. Physical Review E 84, 041928.
Hoshi, Y., Shirakawa, J., Hasebe, M., Fukushima, K., and Kondo, K. (2008). Tandem repeat rDNA sequence derived from parents were stably maintained in hexaploids of Drosera spathulata complex (Droseraceae). Cytologia 73: 313-325.
Albert,V. A., Williams,S.E. and Chase,M. W.
Cameron,K. M., Wurdack,K. J. and Jobson,R. W.
NeighborNet network for combined chloroplast rbcL and matK data sets. The data are from NCBI, aligned by clustalw-2.0.10, and analyzed and drawn by the SplitsTree4 program. The combined data sets do not help resolve the initial Droseraceae radiation.
Associations between 18S rRNA, ITS1, 5.8S rRNA, ITS2 and 28S rRNA sequences in NCBI database. The tree data were generated by NCBI Blast and graphed with PHYLIP drawtree. This tree is based on shorter sequences than the NeighborNet network below.
The lines marked and are species of apparent hybrid origin. It is not known if the different sequences result from legitimate or illegitimate recombination events or laboratory errors.
None of the bifurcating phylogeny trees, including NeighborNet, can actually represent the true nature of the Drosera phylogeny. We do not know how many species are the result of hybridization that did not result in a change in chromosome number. However we do know which species are allopolyploids. In allopolyploids the genomes of two species are combined but the chloroplast lines are not. The South American and African Drosera derived from a plant similar to Drosera spatulata are all allopolyploids, usually allotetraploids. Drosera spatulata in Japan may be from the same source but is more likely a separate polyploidization event. Drosera neocaledonica, Drosera tokaiensis, and Drosera anglica are all independently derived allopolyploids. As in the case with Drosera tokaiensis you can see that allopolyploids are not necessarily derived from very closely related species. | 2019-04-24T10:45:12Z | http://carnivorousplants.org/cp/evolution/DroseraPhylogeny |
A federal crackdown on adulterous adopted food of animal advance hormone has bootless to stop aggressive misuse, and instead has apprenticed almanac sales of the biologic by some of the world’s bigger biologic companies, an Associated Press assay shows.
The crackdown, which began in 2006, bargain the actionable breeze of able food from China, India and Mexico.
But aback then, Big Pharma has been acceptable the abiding desires of U.S. users and abusers, including abounding who booty the biologic in the apocryphal achievement of dabbling the furnishings of aging.
From 2005 to 2011, inflation-adjusted sales of HGH were up 69 percent, according to an AP assay of biologic aggregation abstracts calm by the assay close IMS Health. Sales of the boilerplate decree biologic rose aloof 12 percent in that aforementioned period.
Unlike added decree drugs, HGH may be assigned alone for specific uses. U.S. sales are bound by law to amusement a attenuate advance birthmark in accouchement and a scattering of aberrant altitude like abbreviate bowel affection or Prader-Willi syndrome, a complete ache that causes bargain beef accent and a abridgement of hormones in glands.
The AP analysis, supplemented by interviews with experts, shows too abounding sales and too abounding prescriptions for the cardinal of bodies accepted to be adversity from those ailments. At atomic bisected of aftermost year’s sales acceptable went to patients not accurately accustomed to get the drug. And U.S. pharmacies candy about bifold the accepted cardinal of prescriptions.
Peddled as an borsch of activity able of axis middle-aged bodies into angular machines, HGH – a actinic anatomy of the advance hormone fabricated artlessly by the animal pituitary gland – apprehension up in the acquisitive easily of affluent, crumbling users who achievement to apathetic or alike about-face the crumbling process.
Experts say these association don’t charge the drug, and may be afflicted by it. The declared fountain-of-youth anesthetic can account amplification of tissue, carpal adit affection and abscess of easily and feet. Ironically, it additionally can accord to crumbling ailments like affection ache and Type 2 diabetes.
Others in the medical enactment additionally are demography a fat allotment of the profits – doctors who avoid prescriptions, as able-bodied as pharmacists and distributors who are agreeable to attending the added way. HGH additionally is awash anon afterwards prescriptions, as new-age snake oil, to patients at anti-aging clinics that accomplish added like automatic biologic mills.
Years of raids, sports scandals and media absorption haven’t chock-full above drugmakers from affairs a whopping $1.4 billion account of HGH in the U.S. aftermost year. That’s added than industry-wide anniversary gross sales for penicillin or decree abhorrence medicine. Anti-aging HGH regimens alter greatly, with a anniversary bulk about alignment from $6,000 to $12,000 for three to six self-injections per week.
Across the U.S., the medication is about dispensed through prescriptions based on abnormal diagnoses, anxiously crafted to accomplishment jerk allowance in the law akin use of HGH, the AP found.
HGH is about answer on the Internet with the aforementioned affectionate of before-and-after photos begin in phenomenon diet ads, forth with berserk absorbed claims of accelerated beef growth, accident of fat, greater vigor, and added abstract allowances to adults far above their concrete prime. Sales additionally are apprenticed by the claimed endorsement of celebrities such as extra Suzanne Somers.
Pharmacies that already risked case for application unauthorized, adopted HGH – break labeled as raw biologic capacity and banned above the bound – now artlessly allocate name brands, about for the aforementioned banned uses. And usually with impunity.
Eight companies accept been accepted permission to bazaar HGH by the U.S. Food and Biologic Administration, which reviews the allowances and risks of new biologic products. By contrast, three companies are accustomed for the diabetes biologic insulin.
The No. 1 maker, Roche accessory Genentech, had about $400 actor in HGH sales in the U.S. aftermost year, up an inflation-adjusted two-thirds from 2005. Pfizer and Eli Lilly were additional and third with $300 actor and $220 actor in sales, respectively, according to IMS Health. Pfizer now gets added acquirement from its HGH brand, Genotropin, than from Zoloft, its acclaimed abasement anesthetic that absent apparent protection.
On their face, the numbers accomplish no faculty to the accustomed hormone doctors accepted as endocrinologists who accommodate accepted HGH assay to a babyish cardinal of patients.
Endocrinologists appraisal there are beneath than 45,000 U.S. patients who adeptness accurately booty HGH. They would be accepted to use about 180,000 prescriptions or refills anniversary year, accustomed that archetypal patients get three months’ account of HGH at a time, according to doctors and distributors.
Yet U.S. pharmacies aftermost year supplied about alert that abounding HGH – 340,000 orders – according to AP’s assay of IMS Bloom data.
While doctors say added than 90 percent of accepted patients are accouchement with bantam growth, 40 percent of 442 U.S. side-effect cases angry to HGH over the aftermost year complex bodies age 18 or older, according to an AP assay of FDA data. The boilerplate adult’s age in those cases was 53, far above the prime age for sports. The oldest patients were in their 80s.
Some of these medical annal alike accord absolute hints of use to action aging, answer assay with affidavit like fatigue, cartilage abrasion and “off-label,” which agency assay of an crooked condition. In added cases, the biologic was acclimated “for an alien indication,” acceptation that the acumen for assay wasn’t clear.
Even Medicare, the government bloom affairs for earlier Americans, accustomed 22,169 HGH prescriptions in 2010, a five-year access of 78 percent, according to abstracts appear by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services in acknowledgment to an AP accessible annal request. And about bisected the access came in one year: 2007.
“There’s no question: a lot gets out,” said hormone specialist Dr. Mark Molitch of Northwestern University, who helped address medical standards meant to absolute HGH assay to accepted patients.
And those abstracts don’t accommodate HGH awash anon by doctors afterwards prescriptions at array of anti-aging medical practices and clinics about the country. Those numbers could alone be tallied by biologic makers, who accept beneath to say how abounding patients they accumulation and for what conditions.
The AP approached every U.S.-authorized architect to ask what efforts they accomplish to bazaar responsibly and anticipate abuse. Alone one HGH supplier, Novo Nordisk, agreed to an interview.
“We’re accomplishing our akin best to accomplish abiding that the appropriate patients are accepting the appropriate anesthetic at the appropriate time,” said aggregation agent Ken Inchausti.
He said the aggregation is acquainted of the corruption issue. He said if patients administer for abetment from the company’s patient-support hub, prescriptions will be flagged for assay if they are missing the best accurate assay or an endocrinologist’s signature. He said the aggregation won’t advertise HGH anon to doctors accused of bad practices and does not accord with anti-aging clinics.
Representatives of added FDA-approved HGH makers assert they do not animate use by bodybuilders or athletes or flush babyish boomers aggravating to anamnesis their youth. But some said they are abundantly bare to ascendancy who uses their medications or why.
“Lilly cannot bind the accomplishments of distributors, pharmacies or doctors,” Eli Lilly backer Kelley Murphy said in a accounting statement.
That altercation doesn’t fly for critics like Dr. Peter Rost, a retired Pfizer controlling who filed a bigmouth accusation over the HGH business practices of Pharmacia, which afterwards alloyed with Pfizer. He said biologic companies are artlessly attractive the added way and action that their profits will concealment the bulk of any fines.
They appearance it as “good business,” he said.
Type “human advance hormone” into any Internet chase engine, and it will discharge aback endless websites with aureate promises of smoother skin, bigger , weight accident and alike renewed anatomy organs.
Any doctor who absolutely prescribes the biologic for those purposes is demography a acknowledged risk.
FDA regulations ban the auction of HGH as an anti-aging drug. In fact, aback 1990, prescribing it for things like weight accident and backbone conditioning has been amiss by 5 to 10 years in prison.
Such business claims are commonly fabricated at hormone clinics like Palm Beach Activity Extension, whose owners are amid 13 bodies now apprehension balloon on federal accuse in Florida in a steroids and HGH administration case brought aftermost year.
“Grow YOUNG with Us!” screamed a banderole on the company’s now-defunct website, which advertised that HGH can abate anatomy fat, advance vision, strengthen the accustomed system, aid branch function, lower claret burden and enhance anamnesis and mood.
The dispensary abiding to accept its clients’ prescriptions abounding at Treasure Coast Pharmacy, in Jensen Beach, Fla.
In 2009, the FBI recorded a buzz alarm amid the pharmacy’s owner, Peter Del Toro, and a doctor in Elkton, Md., who was allied with agents afterwards actuality active in a accompanying steroid-distribution case.
Their talk, accurate in a cloister filing, illustrates how things about assignment in the networks of pharmacies and clinics that drive HGH sales.
Patients submitted a medical history anatomy by mail and took a claret test. But in best instances, the allegation said, the appraisal was a sham: One doctor was answerable with giving a dispensary a pad of blank, active prescriptions to save him the assignment of signing off on anniversary diagnosis. He got $50 for every biologic adjustment address his name, the allegation said.
Dr. Rodney Baltazar, the Maryland physician allied with the FBI, sometimes consulted briefly with patients via webcam. But he fabricated it bright in the alarm that those evaluations were apathetic at best.
Baltazar was a gynecologist, not an endocrinologist. He said he knew “a little bit” about HGH and testosterone, which are about assigned in tandem, but he relied abundantly on dispensary salespeople to set doses.
The pharmacist accomplished the doctor: Accumulate abounding medical archive documenting that patients are demography the biologic for at atomic some affectionate of bloom problem, aloof in case the U.S. Biologic Enforcement Administration anytime came calling.
Del Toro was arrested forth with 12 added bodies in September 2011 on accuse that they broadcast steroids and animal advance hormone to bodies who had no accepted medical need. He is apprehension trial. His advocate beneath to comment. Baltazar was bedevilled to six months in bastille for captivation in steroid administration schemes.
At the acme of the crackdown in 2007, the federal government went afterwards Pfizer in a case involving anti-aging clinics. The aggregation paid $34.7 actor in fines to achieve the case – 11 percent of the company’s anniversary acquirement from the drug.
Blockbuster U.S. sales of HGH represent the latest annoyance in 25 years of government efforts to ascendancy corruption of the advance biologic fabricated abominable by sports scandals.
First marketed in 1985 for accouchement with bantam growth, HGH was anon misappropriated by adults absorbed on base its bashful muscle- and bone-building qualities. Congress bound HGH administration to the scattering of attenuate altitude in an amazing 1990 law, cardinal the about complete appropriate of doctors to appoint medicines as they see fit.
Despite the law, adulterous HGH advance about the sports apple in the 1990s, accurate abysmal appropriate into bodybuilding, academy athletics, and able leagues from baseball to cycling. The alike above banned bazaar amid earlier adults has flourished added recently.
For years, cheaper food from crooked adopted factories, decidedly in China, fed the bazaar via absolute and Internet sales that sidestepped the medical establishment.
Though such shipments were banned beneath added law, the imports initially admiring little absorption because they were usually labeled as raw biologic ingredients, which compounding pharmacies are accustomed to accompany into the country.
That breeze began to be concise in 2006, back U.S. biologic authorities stepped up efforts to block shipments at the border.
A scattering of pharmacies above the country were hit with angled accuse over their administration of HGH. Federal prosecutors answerable China’s bigger HGH maker, GeneScience Pharmaceutical, with illegally distributing its Jintropin cast in the U.S. The company’s CEO pleaded accusable in 2010.
With adulterous food crimped, abounding pharmacies chock-full affairs crooked HGH. But tens of bags of developed abusers began affairs cher U.S.-approved HGH that remained accessible in abounding supply, the AP begin in its assay of sales data.
Thus, pushed by a able demand, sales of U.S.-approved brands accept swelled far above accepted levels for a biologic accustomed in aloof a scattering of attenuate conditions.
Dr. Robert Marcus, a retired hormone specialist who larboard HGH architect Eli Lilly and Co. in 2008, said that aggregation was angled on endlessly adopted counterfeits, not on acid off abusers. “That’s area their above akin of annoyance was – biologic artifice – rather than absorption on bodies who were application advance hormone illegitimately,” he said.
Dr. Jim Meehan, of Tulsa, Okla., who has acclimated HGH to amusement crumbling problems and sports injuries, said the federal clampdown “never seemed to affect my patients and their adeptness to get Omnitrope, Tev-Tropin” and added government-approved brands.
The big biologic companies accept acclaimed the adopted crackdown and apprenticed the government to do alike added to action sales of affected or fraudulently labeled HGH. In 2004, Bruce Kuhlik, speaking for the Biologic Assay and Manufacturers of America, told a federal assignment force that crooked biologic access “is inherently unsafe” and industry assembly acclimated Chinese HGH imports as their affiche child.
In 2007, as the HGH embargo acquired momentum, accustomed makers best up 41 percent added HGH orders, adopting their anniversary absolute from 245,000 to 345,000, according to the assay of the IMS Bloom data. Similarly, best of the drug’s sales bang happened in the aboriginal two years of the crackdown, with 46 percent inflation-adjusted advance in anniversary sales to $1.1 billion.
Steve Kleppe, of Scottsdale, Ariz., a restaurant administrator who has taken HGH for about 15 years to accumulate activity young, said he noticed a bulk jump of about 25 percent afterwards the block on imports. He now buys HGH anon from a doctor at an anniversary bulk of about $8,000 for himself and the aforementioned bulk for his wife.
Despite college prices, the business has broadcast in contempo years abundantly on the backbone of sales to advantageous adults who can allow to allow their achievement of application active vigor.
Many earlier patients go for HGH assay to array of anti-aging practices and clinics heavily concentrated in retirement states like Florida, Nevada, Arizona and California.
These sites are affiliated with hundreds of doctors who are rarely endocrinologists. Instead, abounding acclaim acceptance by the American Board of Anti-Aging and Regenerative Medicine, admitting the medical enactment does not admit the group’s bona fides.
The clinics action alone programs of “age management” to business executives, flush retirees, and added patients of means, sometimes accompanying with the amenities of a vacation resort.
The clinics assert there are few, if any, ancillary furnishings from HGH. Mainstream medical authorities say otherwise.
A 2007 assay of 31 medical studies showed abscess in bisected of HGH patients, with collective affliction or diabetes in added than a fifth. A French abstraction of about 7,000 bodies who took HGH as accouchement begin a 30 percent college accident of afterlife from causes like cartilage tumors and stroke, active a bloom advising from U.S. authorities.
These promoters of HGH say there is a affiliation amid the declivity in advance hormone levels through adolescence and the concrete abatement that begins in backward average age. Replace the hormone, they say, and the crumbling action slows.
Some accurate studies of HGH accept begin bashful benefits: some beef and cartilage building, as able-bodied as bound fat loss, but annihilation like the claims of the anti-aging industry. And some of the amount accustomed to HGH may instead appear from testosterone, which is commonly provided with HGH by anti-aging doctors and sports suppliers.
Endocrinologists say it’s accustomed for the anatomy to aftermath beneath advance hormone as bodies age above their aboriginal 20s, because they aren’t growing anymore. Alone a tiny cardinal of adults with abnormally low HGH levels – conceivably several thousand of them – are believed to ache absolute deficiencies that can appropriately be advised with the hormone.
Still, anti-aging doctors commonly analyze contrarily advantageous middle-aged bodies with an HGH deficiency, artlessly because their levels are lower than in adolescent adults. “Basically anyone activity through midlife,” can account from the drug, declared one prescriber, Dr. Howard Elkin, of Whittier, Calif., who has himself competed as a bodybuilder.
Like abounding anti-aging doctors, he diagnoses patients by testing for a claret basic alleged insulin advance factor, which is alongside angry to HGH. Endocrinologists use a added accurate assay that stimulates the pituitary gland to accomplish HGH itself. About all insurers assert on this dispatch testing, and that’s why dispensary patients about consistently pay for HGH out of their own pockets.
Bob Vitols, a 50-year-old lab abettor at a veterinary anesthetic aggregation in Lincoln, Neb., is a attenuate exception. His almighty acceptable bloom plan isn’t accustomed to claiming a doctor’s prescription.
Four years ago, Vitols began activity run down. So he Googled his affection on the Internet, absitively he had a hormone deficiency, and approved out a clinic.
One doctor put him on testosterone backup therapy. A additional dispensary added HGH afterwards diagnosing him with osteopenia, a balmy cartilage abrasion accepted in crumbling adults. It is not, however, a action that can appropriately be advised with HGH.
Despite the diagnosis, the treatments – which can bulk $10,000 per year – accept been covered by his bloom insurance, he said. He takes Genotropin, the HGH fabricated by Pfizer. His prescriptions are abounding via mail adjustment by CVS Caremark Corp., one of the bigger dispensers of decree drugs in the U.S.
Vitols said the biologic afflicted his life: his affection is better, and he isn’t afire out every day at 2 p.m. “I feel like I could airing alfresco and aloof airing through a fence – and appear out accomplished on the added side,” he said.
His adventures with the biologic haven’t all been positive, though. Vitols said he initially developed animated alarmist enzymes and went to a specialist, who told him to stop demography hormones immediately.
Instead, Vitols said, he adapted his dosage, and the botheration disappeared.
“I could acquaint he was adjoin hormones appropriate at the start,” Vitols said.
Associated Press Writer David Caruso appear from New York and AP National Writer Jeff Donn appear from Plymouth, Mass. AP Writer Troy Thibodeaux provided abstracts assay abetment from New Orleans. | 2019-04-24T04:44:41Z | https://www.realcookingguide.com/heres-what-people-are-saying-about-pfizer-patient-assistance-program-refill-form-pfizer-patient-assistance-program-refill-form/32599/ |
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When it has to do with solving math complications, you ought to have the capacity touse shortcuts confidently. There is additionally an illustration resume and some sample restart to get Attorney job tips on how best to conduct a work search. The exact first example has . The plumber sample project description can be utilized to help you earn work advert that will draw in candidates that are qualified to the work.
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Without a single, you most likely won’t get an interview. The clinic interview can allow you to tweak any dilemma areas for you. Most manuals are manufactured like this.
Teaching Skills It is perhaps not sufficient to fully grasp how to perform exercise sets or what exercises they’re tripping. Describe what metrics you will need to reach to be able to make income break even. You need to commit in the event that you’d like outcome, they still insist. The process is more pretty easy as pie, making it easy for every man to participate. Now you know why referral and referrals programs may certainly help your organization, it is the right time to find tactical. In any other case, it is going to be searching to get a referral application to eliminate. Once you look for an internet referral boosting application, make sure you think about some thing which operates for your own brand new.
A referral is really just a trustworthy recommendation out of somebody else. Meanwhile, the referrals are among the most essential increase drivers to some programs. The best way to secure referrals will be to present exceptional merchandise and answers.
Ultimately, to deliver a great pitch is always to tell a terrific narrative and that narrative needs to be encouraged by the most appropriate outline. Customer service also needs to be always a consideration on manuals with out lots of foodservice experience, thus make certain you emphasize that knowledge in resumes that don’t possess a lengthy history. Businesses near their doors each one the time. Whether you operate a advertising organization or a small, regional business, you have the ability to study on Ritika. If you are not able to possess a whole portfolio that we are able to start looking at, then this is undoubtedly a red flag.
Be it a portion of your very own individual brand. You have to get focused on exceptional services and merchandise in all times. Providing excellent product and services is your exact first phase in building an effective referral program. For example, you can realize which you simply omitted an crucial sample materials. Free samples available around the net are some thing a kind of push you in the ideal route. You will notice a number of these templates are no cost to make use of and many others expect a superior account.
The greater that your practical understanding of this job, a lot more inclined you have to be hired. A health and fitness coach’s career is not just to show for you the suitable means to transport out particular exercises or even to design a program for the own requirements, but keep you track emotionally to reach your own physical fitness goals. While the occupation could demand greater a larger name, you need showing up and perform this job each day. Touring requiredThis job is all about traveling along with being abroad for very long amounts of period. In downtime, you ought to be more in a position to obtain work to really do. Then it is the right time for you to choose the sort of job you would like to create.
Getting attention, of course, is measure 1 in completing the purchase. Different skills may also be time leadership and management abilities. On the flip side, strong capabilities, also known as social or social skills, will be the people that you possess as personal characteristics or you also undergo specialist experiences. As it’s to do with dividing skills right into groups, you can find two kinds of skillshard and soft.
You should define why the target is essential, when it should be performed and an overall overview of the measures to achieve this. The objective ought to be achievable. Personal objectives are a portion of many expert procedures and documents. Writing personal objectives doesn’t need to be a portion of an official record or app. Setting a deadline produces a feeling of urgency, that will have the ability to help you to function to reach your personal intent. Setting objectives too high can lead to stress and not too much push to endure with various aims. Setting realistic objectives is substantially like putting attainable aims. | 2019-04-23T06:47:33Z | https://www.moutemplate.com/8-9-graduate-recommendation-letter/ |
Chambers & Company have been the lead lawyers on two out of the only three successful major operating iron ore joint ventures with China in Australia. We were the lead lawyers on China’s first overseas project, the AUD420 million Channar Joint Venture with Hamersley Iron when we acted for the Ministry of Metallurgical Industry (now Sinosteel). We were also the lead lawyers on the Wheelarra Joint Venture between BHP Billiton and four of China’s largest steel mills. The combined contracts for these two projects exceed AUD30 billion.
Our law firm was awarded the Energy and Resources Deal of the Year Award by the Australasian Legal Business Magazine for our role in the BHP Billiton project.
Our firm has been involved in China since 1984 and our senior partner, Mr Robin H Chambers AO has travelled to China more than 200 times over that period.
We have unique expertise on China-Australia projects having facilitated numerous successful investments in projects for Chinese clients in China and Australia.
Our firm’s competitive experience on iron ore projects in Australia stems from our lawyers collectively having special experience on major projects with China which is very competitive with other law firms in Australia.
For these projects, we have advised on the negotiation and documentation process to convert proposed investments and off-take purchases from initial Letters of Intent and Memoranda of Understanding into complex legal documentation.
Our experience has extended across the whole range of legal inputs involved for major resources and power projects. These have included the Lead Counsel role in the negotiation and documentation of project ownership structures, the key supply contracts, the engineering and construction contracts for infrastructure development, the off-take contracts to underpin the project financing, and the Australian and State Government approvals including the State agreements.
Mr Chambers’ own background as General Counsel of CRA Ltd (now Rio Tinto Ltd) over a 14 year period involved all aspects of the iron ore industry development and operations in Western Australia over many years while he was still at CRA, and in particular for Hamersley Iron. That involvement has continued in subsequent years on other iron ore mining and processing projects.
In October 1984 our firm was engaged by China Metallurgical Import and Export Corporation established under the Ministry of Metallurgical Industry (now Sinosteel Corporation) as its lead lawyers on the negotiations of the AUD420 million Channar Iron Ore project in Western Australia. That project was China’s first major offshore investment and was regarded as the “model” foreign joint venture structure for China. It attracted very high level attention from both the Chinese and Australian Governments and involved the personal participation of the Chinese Premier Mr Zhao Zijiang and the Australian Prime Minister, Mr Bob Hawke on certain issues which arose during the negotiations. The Chinese Government referred to Mr Chambers as the first foreign lawyer appointed by the Chinese Government when the firm was engaged for that project.
In 1993 we were engaged by Shougang (Capital Iron & Steel) to undertake negotiations with BHP Limited to do an iron ore joint venture in Western Australia following the precedent of the Channar Joint Venture with Hamersley. Those negotiations continued for many months before they were terminated and Shougang instead invested in a Peru iron ore project.
In the mid 1990’s, we were the lead legal counsel appointed by Australian United Steel Industry Pty Ltd on its AUD2 billion direct reduced iron (“DRI“) project to be developed in Western Australia using Hamersley iron ore and natural gas from the North West Shelf consortium. Our involvement for that project extended over a three year period, and covered every aspect of the project development. That included all the due diligence investigations, the project joint venture documentation, the engineering and procurement contracts, the iron ore and gas supply contracts, the DRI off-take sales contracts with China, Taiwan, South Korea and Indonesia, and all the approvals required by the project lenders. The financial advisers for that project were the Australian Macquarie Bank and Merrill Lynch of New York.
That project failed due to the Asian financial crisis in 1997. Before that happened, the project had attracted strong interest from China for a major equity investment as well as guaranteed off-take purchase contracts for the Chinese steel industry. China Iron & Steel Industry & Trade Group Corporation, which was the corporatised entity under the Ministry of Metallurgical Industry (now Sinosteel Corporation), was joined by Shanghai Baosteel together with COSCO as the Chinese participants. The Chinese Premier, Mr Zhu Rongji, signed a protocol during his visit to Australia in support of that project with the Australian Prime Minister, Mr John Howard during the project negotiations.
After that project development ceased, we advised the Mt Gibson syndicate, which was developing another smaller DRI project in Western Australia, on obtaining Chinese equity investment and markets and introduced them to potential investors in China.
While not an iron ore project, this was another landmark WA-based project for our law firm. Mr Chambers was the Lead Lawyer on the Argyle Diamond Project, from the initial listing of the commercial and legal structures as 10 points on a blank sheet of paper through to the complex project negotiations and documentation, the negotiation of the State Agreement with the WA Government, the precedent- establishing sales contracts with De Beers’ Central Selling Organisation in London including face to face meetings with Harry Oppenheimer in Johannesburg to break the CSO’s monopoly on the diamond retailing business, and the project financing of this project with the international banking syndicate.
In the late 1990’s, following a mandate from the Tangshan Municipal Government, we acted for North Limited on a potential investment in the Tangshan Port Project. North’s role was to be the foreign partner for the port development in a joint venture with the resulting tax incentives then available for the project. In return major Chinese steel mills such as Capital Iron and Steel would guarantee iron ore sales into China for at least 5 million tonnes, which was a considerable increase over its sales of around 2 million tonnes previously. These negotiations were well advanced when Rio Tinto initiated its takeover of North Limited.
We had advised AuIron Energy Limited on its AUD1.2 billion SASE Pig Iron Project in South Australia which was focused on the Chinese steel industry as its major market. The leading edge technology for that project was a direct smelting process developed by Ausmelt Limited, an Australian technology company based in Melbourne. This is competitive technology with Hamersley’s HIsmelt technology (Ausmelt has built six non-ferrous smelters in China using its non-ferrous technology) Mr Chambers was Chairman of Ausmelt for some time.
Our involvement on this project extended over a three year period and included negotiations with a number of Chinese steel mills for their participation in the project. The South Australian and Australian governments provided development grants for this project.
The Wheelarra iron ore joint venture was the largest iron ore project undertaken by the Chinese government in Australia which involves four of China’s leading steel mills major investment in the Wheelarra project, entering into off-take iron ore contracts for 12 million tonnes a year over a 25 year period worth more than AU$11.6 billion in exports (under subsequent sales contracts, the annual sales were increased to 24 million tonnes).
Taken together with our firm’s role in the Channar Joint Venture, we have been responsible for iron ore export contracts to China well in excess of AUD20 billion from Australia.
We were appointed originally by Wuhan Iron and Steel (Group) Corporation Ltd and Tangshan Iron and Steel Co Ltd, and later joined by Maanshan Iron and Steel Company Limited and Jiangsu Shagang Group Co Ltd as the lead lawyers for the Chinese participants in their project with BHP Billiton. To do so, we had to beat all the large Australian law firms for this representation, just as we did for the Channar iron ore project.
The Wheelarra project legal documentation was finally executed in Perth on 28 September 2004 by all four Chinese Steel Mills, together with BHP Billiton and two Japanese trading houses. The documentation comprised 181 agreements signed on that day. These included a complex joint venture agreement, a management agreement, a sub lease agreement to avoid amending BHP Billiton’s relevant State Agreement, for sales contracts with the Mt Newman project for the Jimblebar iron ore for blending purposes for Mt Newman, equipment usage agreements, off-take export contracts on a CFR basis so that BHP Billiton can control the shipping, and other documentation to entrench the returns on the capital investments made by the Chinese participants since the equity payments were made direct to BHP Billiton and not for mine development.
These negotiations with BHP Billiton extended essentially full-time over more than six months of internal meetings and face-to-face negotiations scheduled with BHP Billiton in China and Australia. After initially negotiating and documenting Letters of Intent for the Chinese Steel Mills, we undertook a comprehensive due diligence investigation on behalf of the four Chinese Steel Mills as BHP Billiton declined to provide any legal representations to the Chinese on the underlying aspects of the project. This involved the traditional data room period for the preparation of a detailed report comprising at least 150 pages on all aspects of the project. This was followed by further negotiations with the WA and Australian governments for all relevant approvals and consents under the WA State Agreement, other WA legislative requirements, Foreign Investment Review Board and Australian Competition and Consumer Commission approvals.
All documentation and communications were in the English and Chinese languages and on a real time basis. While we were required to advise on all the Australian and Chinese legal aspects of the transaction, with our expertise and experience on similar major projects we were often called upon to provide more than strict legal advice to assist the Chinese negotiators who had not previously had experience on major international projects of this kind. We have been accustomed to doing this on similar transactions on many occasions. This project commenced operations in October 2005.
We were briefed by Wuhan to undertake a comprehensive due diligence investigation of the proposed magnetite project with Mineralogy in 2005. This project was to be developed in a three stage process beginning with a concentrate production and extending to direct reduced iron and pellet projects. In addition to the due diligence investigation, we undertook a review of the proposed legal documentation and the structuring arrangements for this project. Wuhan ultimately did not proceed with the project and, instead, CITIC Pacific entered into the necessary arrangements to develop this project.
We acted for a major European steel producer to undertake the preparation of a comprehensive due diligence investigation on this proposed project. Over a number of months we were involved in a review of all the legal documentation prepared by the vendor. This was a competitive tender process which extended over some months as our client negotiated the tender with Hancock Resources, the owner of the project. Ultimately, the project was done by Rio Tinto.
This is one of the largest new iron ore projects in Australia involving a total investment of around AU$3 billion comprising a mine development initially to produce 45 million tonnes of iron ore over a 25 year period, together with infrastructure development to construct a 260 km railway and new port and processing facilities. We acted as the legal adviser for our client, which is the largest steel producer in the world, on these project negotiations.
Over a nine month period during 2005, following extensive due diligence investigations, we prepared all the key joint venture documentation comprising six major agreements and many hundreds of pages of documentation for our client’s participation in the proposed unincorporated joint venture. Negotiations took place in Singapore, Paris and Perth over that period. Ultimately our client did not proceed with this project and FMG financed it in the US bond market.
In July 2005, we were instructed by Sinosteel Corporation as its lead lawyers to document and negotiate a joint venture with Midwest Corporation Limited for the undertaking of three stages of scoping, pre-feasibility and bankable feasibility studies on its proposed Koolanooka and Weld Range Iron Ore Projects and related infrastructure facilities and port and rail facilities. Over a period of three months involving eight negotiating sessions in Beijing, Hong Kong and Perth, documentation was finalised and signed in Perth on 18 October 2005.
In March 2005 we were engaged by Gindalbie Metals Limited as its legal adviser to negotiate and document a Feasibility Studies Joint Venture in connection with the proposed Mt Karara Concentrate-Pellet Project, the Blue Hills Haematite Project and the associated infrastructure projects in Western Australia in conjunction with Anshan Iron & Steel Group Corporation. The signing ceremony for the legal documentation was held in Parliament House, Canberra during Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao’s visit to Australia in April 2006.
During 2007, we were engaged by Aurox Resources Limited on its proposed vanadium and titanomagnetite joint venture with Chengde Iron & Steel Group Co Ltd in Western Australia. As the initial stage on this project, we drafted the Heads of Agreement setting out the broad principles to be agreed for this project. Most recently, we have drafted the long term sale contract to underpin the project. Subsequently, Chengde entered into a long-term sales contract in lieu of joint venture participation. We also advised on a further long-term sales contract for another Chinese steel mill RockCheck (Panzhihua). The combined off-take sales for these two contracts are for a total of 6 million tonnes per annum.
We were engaged by FerrAus on its proposed new iron ore project located near BHP’s Wheelara projects mine to provide advice on third party access rights to existing rail information in the Pilbara region of Western Australia. Under the state agreement entered into between BHP Rio Tinto and Fortescue Metals obligations exist to require these mining companies to open up the rail facilities to access by other mining companies. FerrAus has its new mine located near Jimblebar Mine which is held in a joint venture between BHP and four of China’s major steel mills. We are the lawyers for the Chinese steel mills on that joint venture. The third party access issues have been the subject of considerable litigation with BHP Rio and Fortescue and most recently the Australian High Court decided that BHP’s rail operations were not part of the mining process and accordingly were available for third party access. However, the nature and extent of the third party access is still to be resolved.
In connection with another new Australian iron ore project, advised the State Development Bank of China (the “Bank“) in connection with a proposed loan of approximately US$14 million to be secured over shares in an Australian company listed on the Australian Stock Exchange partly owned by a major Chinese steel mill. Our advice included investigation and assessment of the validity of the initial acquisition of the shares in the Australian company, dealing with Foreign Investment Review Board approvals with regard to the proposed charge and, investigating issues relating to restrictions on dealing with the shares imposed by the initial share subscription agreement.
We were the lawyers for WISCO on its joint venture with Sydney based Western Plains Resources Limited (“WPG“) with regard to a 50/50 joint venture to complete a feasibility study and, if the study proves positive, development of one or more of the magnetite deposits located in WPG’s Hawks Nest tenements south of Coober Pedy in South Australia. WISCO will “sole fund” a minimum commitment of AUD25 million to earn a 50% participating interest in the joint venture and also subscribe for approximately 12.1 million shares in WPG for a sum of approximately AUD3 million. We assisted WISCO with the negotiation and agreement of the various transaction documents relating to the joint venture and share subscription attending negotiations in both Australia and China. Again this followed comprehensive due diligence into the potential investment and extensive negotiations of binding Heads of Agreement to establish the commercial terms for the Chinese investment.
We advised WISCO on its joint venture with Adelaide based Centrex Metals Limited (“Centrex“) relating to development of Centrex’s magnetite prospects located near to Port Lincoln in South Australia. WISCO will pay Centrex a total of up to AUD186 million for 60% equity in the joint venture and also subscribe for just over 40 million shares in Centrex for a sum of approximately AUD10 million. We assisted WISCO with the negotiation and agreement of Joint Venture Agreement, Farmin Agreement, Share Subscription Agreement, Shareholder Agreement and Management Agreement, with negotiations in both Australia and China. This followed comprehensive due diligence into the potential investment and extensive negotiations of binding Heads of Agreement to establish the commercial terms for the Chinese investment.
We advised Oakajee Port and Rail Pty Ltd (“OPR“) on certain aspects of the AUD4 billion Oakajee Port and Rail development in the mid west region of Western Australia. The Oakajee deep water port and integrated rail network will deliver an integrated region to customers in the Asia Pacific region. On 20 March 2009, OPR and the Western Australian State Government signed an exclusive State Development Agreement for the development of the project and welcomed Chinese contractors to participate in the capital works associated with the possibility of obtaining financing from Chinese banks to fund the Project. The State and Federal Governments will provide funding of AUD678 million for the construction of the common use port infrastructure.
On 3 December 2010, Rio Tinto Limited and Sinosteel Corporation executed the agreements for the extension of the Channar Joint Venture in the Pilbara region of Western Australia leading the way for a further 50 million tonnes of iron ore to be produced under this ground breaking joint venture. The signing ceremony took place at the Diaoyutai State Guest House in Beijing. Senior Chinese Government officials and senior executives from Rio Tinto and Sinosteel, and the Australia Ambassador to China attended the ceremony.
The negotiations for the Channar extension commenced in December 2004 triggered by the relevant provisions of the original Channar Joint Venture Agreement. Negotiations continued over the ensuing years and the Heads of Agreement was executed on 14 October 2010 which set out the basic terms of the extension. The voluminous documentation for the extension comprising some hundreds of pages was finally executed on 3 December 2010 after extensive negotiations in Perth, Beijing, Shanghai and Singapore. Our law firm represented Sinosteel in the negotiations. Our team was lead by Mr Robin Chambers AO and Mr Angus Macdonald. Sinosteel’s team comprised of Mr Li Ying (President of Sinosteel Australia Pty Ltd) and his colleagues, Mr Ian Holding, Mr David Sun and Mr Gavin Woodward.
Rio Tinto and Sinosteel, the two foundation partners of the pioneering Channar joint venture, have celebrated the milestone shipment of the 200 millionth tonne of iron ore produced under the historic agreement.
The milestone was reached with the loading and departure yesterday of the Pacific Navigator with 160,000 tonnes of lump and fine ore. It is expected to discharge in China by mid-June.
The Channar Joint Venture (Rio Tinto share 60%) was formed in 1987 to jointly develop the Channar iron ore mine in the Pilbara region of Western Australia, about 20 kilometres south east of Paraburdoo, with shipments commencing three years later.
Channar was China’s first significant offshore investment and its success has contributed to China’s growth as a global trading, investment and industrial powerhouse.
Sam Walsh, Rio Tinto Chief Executive, Iron Ore and Australia, said “reaching this milestone was particularly important given the current economic uncertainty being experienced elsewhere. It is of great significance not only for both companies, but for China and Australia. We need to remind ourselves that the Pilbara was not always the engine room of the Australian export economy, and China was not always the centre of so much global investment and trading activity as is the case today”.
“The Channar joint venture was only established through the mutual trust and co-operation of the two companies, backed by strong political support from each government. Given the current global economic context, it is fitting that we remember what this spirit of co-operation and goodwill can achieve”.
Mr Jia Baojun, President of Sinosteel Corporation, said “the Channar Mining Joint Venture was the first large resource project investment in Australia by China and has always been viewed as the template project between China and Australia”.
“Twenty five years ago, iron ore from Australia was not well accepted by the Chinese market. It was the hard work by both JV partners that opened the door of the Chinese market for iron ore exports from Australia. Today, Australia has become the No. 1 iron ore exporting country to China. This would not have been possible without the great contribution from both partners. At this historical moment, we recognise that the original decision makers showed great foresight and wholeheartedly appreciate the excellent contribution from all the related people of both partners during the life to date of the JV and the support from all our end uses in China”.
“The first shipment of iron ore from the extension term of the Channar Mining joint venture is opening a new chapter in the co-operation between Sinosteel and Rio Tinto. Sinosteel and Rio Tinto will work together to mine another 50 million tonnes of high grade iron ore for the Chinese market. In addition, according the strategic co-operation framework agreement signed in 2010, Rio Tinto and Sinosteel will strengthen the potential co-operation in, and joint development of, iron ore opportunities within or immediately surrounding the Channar mine”. | 2019-04-25T22:27:48Z | http://www.chamberslawyers.com/our-china-capabilities/ |
Tomorrow at 9:15am German time I have my exam. I had one lesson on Monday, and cancelled the second due to the exam and two activities I have planned for Friday and Saturday. (Meeting my best friend on Friday and Comic Con on Saturday.) The lesson on Monday was okay. We practised parking on a busy parking lot. So the highest difficulty, during the lessons before we only used lots with minimal traffic. Monday was different. The parking lot belongs to a indoor/outdoor swimming pool and it was almost full. Lots of people walking around and due to a children thing nearby also many little kids. I was way too slow and careful said my instructor. I told him that I did not like people, but killing them is not my intention. (He rolled his eyes.) He said several times that he gets the blame if something happens and I should just go a bit faster. We also decided to go slow and do the exam in September and not at the end of July. (There are no exams in August.) It took me 10 years to get my license so I can wait for a few more weeks. So, I did everything I could for the exam tomorrow. I revised another 1500-2000 questions today. My learning program says I'm 100% ready. I know all the answers. So if something happens it is due to my anxiety and not due to lack of preparation. Please send your good thoughts, prayers or whatever for tomorrow. The heck with it, sacrifice a bunny. I'm taking it all.
You might have noticed my status updates about something I did not want to talk about. I decided to start writing through this process as well. I already wrote about getting another dog after our current fur monster passes away. I'm all in for #adoptdontshop and animal shelters and our current dog is from a shelter, but that is also the reason why we are opting for a responsible breeder this time. That is another story, but I just want to mention that there are reasons why we don't use a shelter and even the people at various shelters have told us to opt for a breeder in my case. (In Germany no dog is killed in a shelter, so that is also something different.) We have found the perfect breeder already, visited her in august last year and are in contact ever since. She has a lot of knowledge about autism and my problems. I won't get a puppy, the dog will be at least a year old and she put one up for sale we met last year. My mother had a long phone call with her today and unfortunately the little lady is not fit for my needs. She is too shy. BUT there is another dog who might be good for me. Those are the good news! We for sure want to wait with getting one. Our current dog is 14 and we couldn't bring another dog in. It would break her heart and it wouldn't be good for the new dog as well due to her problems. But if the dog at the breeder would be good for me, the breeder would keep her until it is time. I need to give the people some fake names, because only writing about a "breeder" feels wrong. She is such a special person with a huge knowledge. It will be a Chihuahua due to the size. It should be possible to take her in the cabin on a plane (8kg limit incl. carrier) and have her on my lap when I need support in public transport, ect... As for the car & driving: I will write another post about that. No news is good news I guess.
Yesterday I picked my car up at the dealer. The car was parked inside the building on the first floor (2nd in the US I thing, so not ground floor, one above it). We paid and got a little introduction and then we watched as they basically shoved the car out of the window onto a ramp and like an elevator it went down to the ground. (You only get that if you buy new, with used cars you just pick them up on the parking place, haha!) First stop was the gas station (I paid 50€ for a full tank, I don't want to know how cheap it would be in the US). And then my Mum and I went on a little shopping trip to various stores, my navigation app said we drove 26km. I reversed parked at the street without problems, parked on the parking lots and went up the ramp from the parking garage (yay for hill start assist). The trickiest thing was getting onto our property. It is a very small gateway with buildings on both sides. I had to turn the parking sensors off because they went totally crazy. But it went well. Today my Mum is at work the whole day so no driving, but tomorrow we are going to the supermarket again and later to my relatives to show off my new car. I want to drive with my mother only at the beginning. She almost fell asleep, so I guess I drive okay. My Dad is so afraid and my Grandpa tries to tell you what to do all the time, even when my Mum drives, who has driving experience since she is 18 and no accidents... First drive alone is planed for next Friday. I'm going to pick up my Mum from her sports class and then we go to Christmas party and later I drive home again. It is still such a surreal feeling. When we got home yesterday I started crying after I turned the car off. So weird when something you never thought could happen becomes a reality. His name is Scottie. (Yes, I'm one of those weird people who give their car a name.) Named after the cat of my driving instructor.
Wednesday, 16.05.2018 - Lesson 14 We drove almost the same route as Monday. He said we are now practising more situations I have problems with. In my case narrow roads and driving on the right side in situations like that. I'm too much in the middle because I'm afraid of hitting parked cars on the side. Lots of priority-to-the-right rule (according to Google this is the proper word) situations. Not a problem in automatic cars, but I struggle a bit with going down into 1st, driving slowly into the crossroads and then going back up to 2nd and continue and that in those streets every couple of meters. On a normal road switching into the different gears works okay. 1 to 3 at least, 4 to 6 is a bit difficult. (I haven't used 6 yet, I think we can do that only on the Autobahn when there is not too much traffic.) Next lesson next week. He said we are going into the down town. Everyone I know hates driving into the city. So I'm a bit worried. (At least this is not in the exam area but he said I should be able to drive there anyway. Thursday, 17.05.2018 - Theoretic lesson 11 (of 14) I had to think about the situation in the US with police controls a lot before this lesson. I knew that the topics included the lights on a car, driving through a tunnel, cars with special lights (ambulance, police, heavy transport....) and how you should act in a police control. Thing is we used like 70 minutes of the 90 in total for the lights. And the teacher is so good that he can make lights and their use a really interesting topic. I have never seen someone speaking so passionately about really boring topics. And he does this since 30 years. Police control came last and took like three minutes. Slow down, drive to the side, open your window, talk to the officer, say you did not drink if they ask (and do not drink & drive!!!!!! ), hand over your papers from the glove compartment and that's it. I guess in the US you should learn about the danger of being shot in a situation like that if you happen to have the wrong skin colour and move without someone telling you too. I think you have to have your hands on the steering wheel and what not. Different worlds I guess. *** Other than that I'm still worried about being able to do this. Driving slowly feels more normal, but I still lack the "I can do this"-feeling. My Grandpa asked how driving is going and I couldn't answer because I have no idea how I'm doing. Even though my instructor compliments me in certain situations during the lesson. Like every time we cross the tram railway. I cross it and next to me he goes "that is how you look, well done!". So I must be doing at least something right.
Nothing new to report driving wise. I still taking my lessons. Still in the norm with how many I have. (Saying that, because there can be a huge difference between cities and countries. Traffic here is hell.) I will have my 30th lesson this week. 30 is the average, including especially young men who drove illegally before. My instructor explained that I'm currently near the peak of the mountain, waiting for the last improvement. Still struggling quite a lot with shifting. It should be a bit better by now and it harms other parts of driving because I need so much attention for it. At least that is our assumption. Plan is to take two or three lessons in an Automatic car to see if that is my problem. If it is, we know what we have to train hard. Because in the end, I want my license with my manual car. I want to be able to drive every car, not just automatic ones. I'm very good in a couple of other things, emergency braking or knowing the rules. So it is not all bad. Taking the lessons in the other car is still training. It has more power (200 PS) and is a bit smaller. I'm looking forward to driving it. Traffic is the same, so I still learn, just one less thing to worry about. But in the end, I need to figure out driving a manual car and my instructor believes that I can do it.
That's what I call driving!
Quick update: While the final decision will be made on Monday after another lesson, my heart is already set on switching to Automatic. That means getting another car. But my Grandpa said he will help me fund it. Driving today was so so much better. I was at the right speed most of the time (50 when there is 50 allowed and not 40 like before), I drove quicker into roads. I felt better. It was fun to drive and for the first time I was pleased with myself after a lesson. My instructor said that in the future, there will only be Automatic cars. And even now, many upper class cars are Automatic. (Given that electric cars are also Automatic...) He prefers driving in Automatic as well. It is more relaxing. And he said that sometimes it is quite nice not being able to drive every car. EDIT: I blame my Autism for the problems with a manual car. Too much to do at once.
Like I wrote in my status update, I got sick on Friday evening. A really horrible cold. Because my immune system does not do well at all when I'm stressed and the whole drivers license thing makes me incredibly stressed. I got not one, but two cold sores inside my lips on Tuesday. My upper lip is still twice the size of normal. The last time I had more than one cold sore at the same time was over ten years ago. (Also in a very stressful situation.) I'm going to class tonight and next week Monday (Thursday is a holiday) too, but no driving next week. I need to get better first. This will be so incredibly embarrassing with my lip looking like a failed beauty operation and my social anxiety when it comes to young people. Living in an Asian country right now would be great. Being able to wear a mask to hide it all. (That reminds me, that I need to tell my instructor, that I'm not going to do the lessons with other students he usually does at the end before the final exam. I can't drive with teenagers sitting behind me. I couldn't care less about old people though.) So, next week is more normal life. I need to support my Mum at work at the end of the week and we have a meeting with the new nursing service for my great uncle. The old one goes out of service in July. At least that shows everyone in real life that it really is hard for me doing this. I'm not telling lies.
Had my lesson for today and it went very well. After 20 minutes or so he told me to park the car at the side of the road, and asked me how I felt so far. My reply was: "I have hoped that you wouldn't ask, 'cause now everything is going to be worse." He just rolled his eyes and told me to believe in myself. Like I said, it got a bit bad after that but I saved it and drove good in the end. He said 80% was good! He told me that I was using my mirrors perfectly. I looked every time I should have looked. He also pretty much stopped telling me when to go up and down a gear. Tomorrow I will have a two hour long overland lesson. We will drive to the Swabian Alb and have fun there. I really like driving faster outside of cities so I hope it will be fun. Lots of curves and great roads. I still have no time for my exam on Thursday. They switched to an online only system during the last days (communication with the driving schools) and well, Germany does pretty good with a lot of things, but new systems and internet is not one of it. But I should get the time tomorrow. I'm incredibly tired (also because I did a lot of revising for the exam) but I'm looking forward to tomorrow!
Last week we were invited to a 50th birthday party in another suburb, maybe 20/25 minutes to drive. The party started at 7pm and lasted until after midnight. I drove my Mum and it went really great. I reverse parked like a pro! 😉 On our way back there were literally no cars on the roads. I was so much fun driving around town alone. I did some roundabouts twice and we had music on. It was better than the party!!! 😂 There was also a pretty foggy part outside of the town, almost no visibility. Took me a second to find the fog light (I know were they are, but finding them without looking for the first time was a bit difficult). It felt so great being able to drive my Mum. I also gave my mum her first lessons in an automatic car. She is only used to driving manual cars and has never driven an automatic. She is doing great, her left food is no problem at all, but she always wants to shift with her hand. So I have to remind her constantly to have her hands on the steering wheel. Driving alone still isn't really happening. I feel safer with my mum next to me. Totally crazy, because she never says something. I don't need her help at all. I need to face my fears a bit more and drive alone. Also I don't drive on the motorway and I don't plan to change that. I'd rather drive longer on the other roads. Driving on the motorway isn't the problem, but pulling into it. Maybe I will practice when there is very little traffic, but due to the area here, there is always traffic on the motorway. It still feels unreal to drive. I wonder when that will change.
I had my two hour trip on Tuesday. First we drove for around 20 minutes on the Autobahn to a city called Kirchheim unter Teck. From there a little round course across the Swabian Alb followed. (Basically around the castle Teck.) Lots of narrow roads, curves and my instructor was mad because a truck was driving in front of us and could not overturn him due to the road situation and we could not drive as fast as my instructor would have liked. On the way back we drover via the Autobahn as well. While driving we practice switching lanes (it is a six lane Autobahn, three in each direction) and in Germany there is a so called "Rechtsfahrgebot" which means that you have to drive on the right at all times if possible. Usually the trucks drive there and the cars in the middle, 'cause they are allowed to go faster than trucks. The left line is basically only for over taking other cars and as soon as possible you are supposed to go back to the right. Over turning on the left is not allowed, so if you drive on the middle lane you can't drive faster than a car on your left. The switching between lanes at such a high speed is really hard. I struggled with it a lot. Keeping the steering wheel straight, looking and then having the guts to go over. Thankfully I won't have to do that during the final exam. There was an area without speed limit on our way and my instructor told me to power through. So we drove at 160km/h which is 100 miles per hour. Her wanted me to know how it feels like going that fast. I did not like it at all, way to fast for my liking. So you'll find me on the right driving at 80km/h (50mph) behind trucks. I'm okay with 100km/h on country roads though. My exam on Thursday got called of due to the IT trouble. It is now on Thursday next week shortly after 9am. Next lesson on Monday and on Tuesday we are doing the Autobahn again.
Waiting for my license & a new car?
Because I switched from manual to automatic during my lessons I needed to wait a bit longer than usual for my license. Last week we went to the driver's license office type of thing and told them to change my license. We paid for the quicker time (a few days vs. six weeks for 19€ was worth it) and it should be ready by Wednesday or Thursday. I can't wait to hold that damn thing in my hands, and not only the paper with the big fat "this is not a license" on it. Yesterday we went to look at cars again and visited a Renault dealer. We looked at a couple of cars and I saw one I instantly liked and sat down in it. It was love at first sight. It has less stuff in it than the Jazz/Fit, but more PS and it is classified as a Mini-SUV kind of car. Its name is Captur. Way to expensive brand new but it is a car that is often used for leasing and he said that there will be some coming back soon and then the price is okay. So we hope that we can test drive soon. Right now it is Honda Jazz/Fit vs. Renault Captur. I will take them on the same route so I can compare.
At the end of the last lesson as I parked the car I looked to my instructor and he sat there having a smile on his face. That should tell you how I'm doing. Automatic really changed my life. I now have five lessons or so with the automatic car and the difference is amazing. So I guess we are very slowly walking or rather driving towards the end phase. The nervousness before lessons is almost gone and I can talk while driving and I drive quite normal now. Which my instructor likes, but still I should stop at yellow traffic lights and not speed through... Difficult for him I guess, it shows me being very comfortable to drive and of course almost everyone drives like I do but I shouldn't drive like that during the exam. The "100km/h race street" is my favourite part now. There is a traffic light at the beginning, and after that a long almost straight road with the speed limit of 100. Well, I tried out what my 200 PS car can do and how a "kick down" feels like. I loved it! My Grandpa is going to join us in the next lesson. I'm quite nervous having him as a passenger, so good practice for the final exam. Car wise we have found a model I really like and well, my instructor (who knows my Grandpa since a long long time) will support me in my "Grandpa buys his only Granddaughter a car"-project. I have my eyes on a VW Up "high up" model. Not brand new like I wrote before, but not too old. Maybe a car that was used to show it to people or something like that. Plan B works!
A lot has happened since last week, first an most important: I passed my theoretical exam with no mistakes! 1.) Last Thursday I had my exam at 9:15am in a town nearby. We were 15 people at first, but two got send home instantly because they did not have their proof of attending theory classes. (They still have to pay the fees though!) We got each assigned a place at a round table and everyone had a tablet. I was on of the first people who were finished so I have no idea how it went for the others. I passed with 0 mistake points. 2.) Yesterday was lesson number 24 and we drove around the town I hate. We did some parking practice and during that my left foot (the one for the coupling) began to shake like crazy. Apparently this happens a lot during lesson when you are nervous. My instructor told me to bend my foot and try to relax it a bit. It was better after that. Not much to say about the rest. I think the lesson was okay, he only told me to be nicer to the coupling. 3.) Today was lesson 25 and we did another one of the mandatory lessons. Autobahn again. Basically going in and out. It was okay, I was afraid at first because the last time on the Autobahn was not good at all but it was better this time. I found out that talking to myself (like I do in other situations) helps. I told myself what to do. "Look in the mirror, hit the indicator, look back over shoulder, drive in after car XY, turn of indicator." I don't care what other people think, that helped! Criticism this time was the I'm too hesitant and should drive faster. Next lesson next week!
And here we go with the newest update: Monday, 05.06.2018 My first lesson after two weeks of being on break duo to my cold and finishing the classes. He went all crazy and took me into the inner city. Lots of traffic, tram driving on the road, longer tunnels with junctions in them... I did good driving through the city but got tired closer to the end on the way back and made some mistakes. On Monday evening I went to the class to "inspect" the new instructor. He did quite good and I told my teacher that he did a great job choosing him. One example: The batteries in the mouse were kinda dead during the last weeks. Two teachers mentioned it, but basically ignored it. He noticed it and the second he did he told us to wait and got new batteries. I also found out that my application was approved! So that means that the moment I'm ready I can do my exams. Next week I will have a preliminary test at my driving school and if I pass that I can do the real thing at the Technical Supervisory Association aka TÜV in German. I pass all the exams at home, so I'll just continue to learn a bit and I hope that I manage to pass. (30% fail the exam for the first time according to recent studies). Tuesday, 06.06.2018 Today we did a normal lesson. A tiny bit of Autobahn, parking and regular driving. And a tiny bit of therapy at the end. Seriously, he is great building me up! He told me to decide a bit quicker. I wait to long instead of acting. (For example: Waiting for a car to park in or drive around it. Both options would have been right, but I was awkwardly in the middle because I couldn't decide what to do.) And I should not question everything all the time, just do it. (This is difficult, because I question everything...) Tomorrow we will do the same thing again, so I can focus on the things I did wrong today. But today was relaxing compared to the inner city mess on Monday. By the way, I found an online test with some of the question I have to answer. There is an option to do it in English or other languages, just like the real exam. Click on the little flags to change the language. If you want to try it out, here is the link: https://fahrerlaubnis.tuev-dekra.de/quiz.php?land=UK (Choose category B and click on "Start the demo version online". It is free and safe!) I passed my try with 0 points.
So as of today our plan looks like this: We are going to keep our two cars (manual ones) and once I have my license, we will buy a car with automatic for me. A used one, not new. Not too old, but also not almost brand new, you get the point. It should have some features, not too many kilometres and a few other things. As automatic cars in Germany are not the norm, the prices are higher and you get less cars. But we have already looked, and there are some who are possible. So the decision to go on with automatic is 99% made. Next lesson hopefully tomorrow, we weren't able to call my instructor yet.
Guess which idiot hurt her left little toe Monday morning? Yep, me! After the initial shock, I put ice and tape on it and the neighbouring toe. Walking hurts but thankfully not stepping on the pedal for the coupling. I tried that out as soon as I finished taking care of it. (But I informed my instructor about it anyway. But driving painless is possible. I then had my lesson and it went well with the toe. It didn't hurt at all, in fact driving is better than walking! We went into the neighbour town and did the usual things. Adding another part that I need for the final exam, "verkehrsgerechtes Wenden" - turning appropriately for traffic conditions. I reversed parked the car three times perfectly without help. But he was not pleased with my handling of the coupling and starting to drive. He said that I did it so well and perfectly in the beginning. I have no idea what happened and why I stopped doing it that way. He told me to concentrate a bit more on that. He wanted to do a lesson today (Tuesday) as well, but I'm mentally done with two lessons per week, so I decided to have my next one on Wednesday. Last week I had three lessons and that was a bit too much. In theory we discussed how to park properly. As you can imagine Germany has rules on everything, and parking too. We do not have a lot of parking space, so those rules do make sense. How much space to leave on bus stops, junctions, rail ways... Using ticket machines and the parking disc. Enough to fill 90 minutes. Parking is a huge problem in our area here, there is simply not enough parking space. We do not have mega parking lots like the US. The politic concentrates more on public transport. By the way, it slowly feels more "normal" to sit in a car and drive. Still so surreal, but better.
So, my driving school had a almost three week long brake and the day I was supposed to have my first lesson after that break my instructor called and said that the car is broken. Well, so on Monday I will have my next lesson, a week later than planned. We are now nearing the end of it I guess. There are two exam dates in September, but I don't think we will be able to pick on of them due to the week lost due the broken car. And also I want to go on in the same, slower, way like I did so far. Never change what works. So maybe in October. I have time, also because I have no car. The market for small automatic cars is pretty small right now. Apparently they are very sought after. Current planned car is a Honda Jazz/Fit. We want to do a test drive in one this weekend. The car dealer said that it is not clear if they have a car available so we'll see if that works out. Because they have no problems in selling their cars, they seem not to car too much about test drives and all of that. If the CVT is good and the traffic sign recognition works I think the choice for the Jazz is made. If not we will have to look maybe into the Mazda 2. Or my original choice of a VW Polo. I do like the Japanese cars more because they have better stuff in them.
First: I passed the preliminary exam! I had to do two exams and passed both of them. One without mistakes, the other with two mistakes at questions I was unsure about during the exam. So I know what to practise until the important test next week. On to my two lessons. My mum came to both of them to make me feel a bit less nervous. It is really special because she had her lessons with the same instructor when she was 18! On Monday we drove into a bigger village/town via the high way (interstate might be a better word, not the Autobahn but also not a country road). The area there is known to be absolute hell for drivers due to pedestrians, buses and bus lanes. A lot of accidents happened there and of course the area is part of the exam area, meaning I know which cities/villages I might have to drive through at my exam. Driving outside on the "high way" went very well, also the country roads. Inside the city mess it got harder and the criticism was that I was to slow. So next time I try to be less anxious and try not to care if I kill a few people who illegally cross the road. On Tuesday was lesson number 2 and we drove to the are were the exam will start and end. Same as Monday. I did very well on roads outside the city but got slower than I should on the smaller roads with cars parked on both sides. We also practised parking again. Forwards, backwards and parallel backwards. So my weak point is definitely everything involving busy situations and people. Everything else works better. Next lesson is number 20! (Still +10 lessons at least to go.) And my final theoretical exam is also next week. Hopefully one less thing to worry about once I pass it.
Time for another update. And I converted the kilometers in miles because it sounds so much better. I drove 125 miles so far. Were do I start? Maybe with last week. We went to the hardware store to buy our baby tree for my Grandparents living room. Only a meter high, but they want it to be on their table so we are limited in size. Due to my Magic Seats I was able to fit that tree easily behind the drivers seat. Driving feels great. Still really weird but it is so much fun. I drove alone for two short drives already, but most of the time I have my Mum next to me. Here in Germany you can make your license with 17 but then you are required to have someone (they need approved) next to you all the time until you turn 18. I'm 27 so I don't have that requirement, but I still think that is a really good thing. I can always ask my Mum something if I need to. Or she can give some tips on parking ect... This week I'm going to drive alone again, to pick my Mum up from a Christmas party and on Friday we will drive to IKEA for the first time. I'm so hyped! My parents hate IKEA and up until now I always had to ask them to go and I went there maybe once a year. Now I can go whenever I want. Also first time driving a longer distance on unknown roads. I could take the autobahn, but I don't want to. I love driving on normal roads. Much more relaxing. And I still can drive up to 60 miles per hour on certain sections if I want to. I have planned since beginning my license to buy that big lion on my first visit. Going to use my gift card from the advent calendar (is that a thing in other countries?). You buy the calendar for 12,95€ and there are two gift cards in it who are worth at least 5€ each. So that is the update so far. And yay for falling gas prices. I paid 1,56€ for the liter of gasoline when I got the car, it is down to 1,42€ currently. (I don't get that gallon thing, so I can't compare it. I paid around 50€/56$ for a full tank. | 2019-04-25T18:08:43Z | https://www.freejinger.org/blogs/blog/97-gobbles-musings/?page=1&sortby=entry_views&sortdirection=desc |
Welcome to the #1 local guide for buying and selling homes in Ventura County. This guide will not only walk you through the steps of buying and selling a home, but will also discuss options for rent-to-own and ways to avoid foreclosures. Anyone interested in residential real estate in Ventura County should benefit and find value from this guide. Although it is tailored to Ventura County, the same principles apply to our neighbors in Santa Barbara and Los Angeles Counties. After you read this guide, please visit the other resources available on this website.
Before you go driving around Ventura County looking at different houses, first determine your budget. This should be done in two separate, but equally important steps.
1. Find out how much you’re pre-approved for.
Visit your local bank or credit union and tell them that you will be looking to buy a primary residence soon and that you would like to get pre-approved. If you are able to, you should visit several different institutions as some of them have different criteria and standards for lending programs (not to mention different rates). According to bankrate.com, multiple credit inquiries that fall within a 14-day span are counted as a single inquiry, so try and do this within a two week period. Doing this will give you a good idea of how much you will be approved for so that you don’t waste your time looking at homes that are out of your price range.
Just because you are pre-approved for a certain amount doesn’t necessarily mean that you can comfortably afford to make those payments. While a pre-approval takes into account your income and monthly expenses that show up on your credit report, it does not take into account your lifestyle or other spending habits. You should take a hard look at ALL of your expenses and make sure that you will comfortably be able to afford your mortgage payment month in and month out. Other factors to consider include down payment amount, property taxes, HOA fees, and Mello Roos, among others. Since the rules that apply to these are subject to change at any point in time, make sure you take these into account as they pertain to your particular situation.
–city: Do you want to live in a smaller city such as Santa Paula or Fillmore, or do you prefer a larger city like Ventura or Moorpark?
–size: how large of a house do you want/need? Take into account physical size and number of bedrooms and bathrooms. Do you want a backyard or is taking care of a lawn your personal nightmare.
–year built: Do you want a newer home or older home? In Ventura County, you will typically see that the older homes have the larger lots.
Depending on your budget, you may not be able to afford all of the things you are looking for, so what trade-offs are you willing to make? Do you want newer construction but don’t like the size of the condos in Riverpark? Maybe you’re willing to purchase an older, larger home on the East side of Ventura. Do you want to live by the beach but don’t want to commute to your office in Simi Valley? Maybe a home in Thousand Oaks would be a better fit.
Finding a good real estate agent to represent you may be one of the most crucial factors when buying your home. The real estate agent will help you search and view properties and will play a defining role in the negotiation process. When choosing an agent, make sure you find one that you are comfortable with, as they will be assisting you with one of the biggest purchases you will make. Chances are you will be spending a good amount of time viewing homes with the agent, so you want to choose someone that you get along with and will not pressure you to buy something that you are not comfortable with. Another factor you may want to inquire about is the agent’s schedule; you do not want to work with an agent that is too busy to return your emails or phone calls. If you work full time, you also want to work with an agent who will be able to show you homes when you are available in the evenings and weekends.
When you find a potential home that you feel suits your needs, it is time to submit an offer. You and your agent should look at recently sold homes in the neighborhood to get a feel of how much they were sold for. Some sellers in today’s market may have unrealistic expectations of how much their home is worth, so you want to make sure that you are not paying more than the recently sold comparables. However, depending on the condition of the housing market at the time of your purchase, homes may very well be selling over asking price. Your real estate agent will be able to give you a feel for the market and help you come up with a reasonable offer price. The seller will either accept, decline, or counter your offer, so be prepared for any and all of these outcomes.
If your offer is accepted, there are just a few more steps that must be completed. Check with your realtor and make sure that you have all of the required city inspections done on the home (physical inspection, sewer lateral, etc.). If you completed all of the necessary steps in the budgeting phase, you should be well aware of where you stand financially, but you must still complete the mortgage process with your bank or credit union. Your real estate agent should walk you through the steps of closing escrow and then your new home will finally be yours.
If you want to sell your home for the highest amount possible, the easiest way to do so is by making the appearance of your house as nice as possible. You cannot change the neighborhood of your house and adding square footage isn’t cheap, but doing a few things to improve how your home looks can go a long way. One of the first things that a buyer will notice is the curb appeal, or the initial visual appeal of your home as viewed from the street. In extreme cases, some buyers may not even view the inside of the property if the first appearance isn’t appealing. Depending on your budget, you want to make the front of your house look as nice as possible, including doors, windows, paint, and landscaping. Due to the California drought, most buyers do not expect a green lawn, and in some neighborhoods this may even be frowned upon. But that being said, you want to at least make sure bushes and other shrubbery are maintained. Although many say that the appearance of the back yard is not as crucial as the front, you do not want to ignore making the back yard as presentable as possible. You may even want to consider hiring a local gardener for a one time “makeover” before putting your home on the market.
Having curb appeal that impresses a potential buyer is only half the battle. Once you get the buyer through the front door, you want to make sure the interior of the house continues the impressions that began on the outside. The easiest and most essential thing that you want to do is to make sure that everything is clean and tidy. Kitchens, bathrooms, carpets, and walls should be as clean as possible. If you are still living in the house, you want to remove or hide as much clutter as possible. Having clutter everywhere can take away from the appeal of the home as well as make it seem smaller to the potential buyer. If it’s within your budget, you may want to consider a fresh coat of paint, especially if your home is painted in bright, extreme colors. For sellers still living in their homes, scented candles or baked cookies or brownies add a welcome touch. Lastly, good staging can be the added push that a buyer needs to make them sign on the dotted line. For sellers not currently living in the home, you may want to consider hiring a company to stage your home with furniture, if your budget allows.
Depending on the reason for selling your home, you may or may not have a choice on what part of the year to list your home. Many experts will recommend putting your home on the market in either the spring or the fall, as potential buyers may be on vacation during the summer and winter months are too harsh. In California, winters are not as much of a concern as they are on the East Coast, but the market can still slow down because of the holidays. If you do not have an urgent reason to sell your home, it may be a good idea to list your home in spring or fall, even in Ventura County.
Whether you are working with a real estate agent or attempting a For Sale By Owner (FSBO), you will need to determine how much you are going to list the house for. For those working with an agent, they should be able to assist you with coming up with a price that will get your house sold for the best possible price, but it will still be good for you to understand the process. The first step is to look at comparables in your general neighborhood to get a good idea of what homes are selling for. There are different methods for doing this, but basically you want to compare your home to homes with similar features, such as number of bedrooms, bathrooms, square footage, garage, etc. You should look at homes within a half a mile that sold within the past 6 months, and also homes that are currently on the market for sale.
Looking at comparables will give you an idea of what you should list your home for in order to secure a quick sale. Depending on the status of the housing market in your area, different strategies include listing your home for slightly higher than the home that sold for the highest price, or listing it slightly lower in the hopes of encouraging a bidding war. Again, this is where the expertise of a local real estate agent will pay dividends in helping you determine the best price to list at.
After the events of the last decade, most homeowners in Ventura County are aware of how foreclosures became one of the biggest topics in real estate for several years. While it appears that the worst of those times are in the rear view mirror, there are still many homeowners in the county who may be in the foreclosure process or fear that they may be soon. For those homeowners, there are other options that you may want to consider as well.
Short sale: In simple terms, a short sale is when you sell your home for less than what is owed on your mortgage. While a short sale will still damage your credit, it is far less substantial than a foreclosure, and you may also be able to purchase another home sooner than if you have a foreclosure on your credit record. While the concept of a short sale is simple, the actual process of a short sale can be long and arduous. More information about the short sale process can be found here.
Deed in lieu of foreclosure: While not as well-known as foreclosure or short sale, another option is a deed in lieu of foreclosure. This is a process where the borrower forfeits all rights to their home and conveys them to the lender. Although the homeowner will not have a foreclosure on their record, the bank still ends up taking ownership of the property. Most experts seem to recommend that distressed homeowners consider a short sale before this option, although you should still be aware of its existence.
Bankruptcy: Filing bankruptcy is another option that may help avoid foreclosure. We are not lawyers and will not pretend to be, so we will not get into the details and intricacies of filing bankruptcy here. However, homeowners should be aware that this is an option that they can explore with a bankruptcy attorney and may help them stay in their homes. More information on how bankruptcy might help with foreclosure can be found here.
Making Home Affordable (MHA) Program: MHA is a program that was developed under the Obama administration to help distressed homeowners avoid foreclosure. Below is a short description of each of the programs offered under MHA.
HAMP is a program that can help homeowners who are having a difficult time keeping up with their mortgage due to income reductions or unexpected increases in expenses.
The Department of Veterans Affairs also offers programs that can help reduce monthly payments to less than 31 percent of their gross monthly income. For more information, visit the The Department of Veterans Affairs’ website.
Homeowners that have a loan that is insured or guaranteed by the FHA may also be eligible for a program that can help reduce monthly payments to less than 31 percent of their gross monthly income. For more information, visit the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)’s website.
A FHA Short Refinance is designed to help homeowners who are upside down on their mortgage refinance into a more affordable mortgages. In this program, the lender must agree to reduce the first mortgage to no more than 97.75% of the current value of the home.
If you have a second mortgage on your home and your first mortgage lien holder agrees to a FHA Short Refinance, you also may be eligible to have your second mortgage reduced or eliminated. If both lien holders agree to participate, the total amount of your mortgage debt after refinance cannot be greater than 115% of the current value of your home.
PRA is a program designed to help homeowners who owe more than their home is worth by encouraging lenders to reduce the principal on your home.
If you have a second mortgage on your home and your first mortgage has already been modified under HAMP, you also may be eligible for a modification of your second mortgage under this program. Along with having your first mortgage modified under HAMP, you must not have missed three consecutive payments on your modified mortgage and you cannot have been convicted of a mortgage or real estate related felony in the last 10 years.
The HAFA program can offer homeowners either a short sale or Deed-in-Lieu of foreclosure to help with moving to more affordable housing. A HAFA short sale will have less of a negative impact on credit score than a traditional short sale. HAFA may also be able to provide homeowners with $3,000 in relocation assistance.
The Home Affordable Unemployment Program (UP) can help homeowners reduce their mortgage payments to 31 percent of their monthly income. In some cases, payments can be suspended altogether for 12 months or more.
HARP is designed to help homeowners who would like to refinance their mortgage but have been unable to do so because the value of their home has declined. Through HARP, homeowners must submit a loan application and pay any applicable refinance fees. You cannot have refinanced using HARP previously unless it was on a Fannie Mae loan that was refinanced between March and May 2009.
In most major cities, residents can come across stores offering rent-to-own services such as this one. Most times, these stores offer furniture, electronics, or appliances. But rent-to-own is also a transaction that can be used for the sale or purchase of a home. There are several ways that this type of transaction can be structured, but the basic premise is the same. The idea is that the home is leased in exchange for monthly payments, with the option to purchase for an agreed upon price. The length of the agreement is normally anywhere from one to five years. The monthly payment usually consists of an amount that goes to cover the rent paid to the current owner of the home, and also an additional amount that will be used for the purchase of the home. Depending on the contract, the renter may or may not also be required to make a nonrefundable deposit to include as part of the down payment for the purchase of the home. At the end of the term, the renter can either proceed with the purchase of the property or decline the right to purchase. If the renter proceeds with the purchase, they usually secure financing from a bank or credit union and pay the seller in full. If the renter declines, they forfeit their right to any monies used for the deposit and the additional amount that was put towards the purchase of the home.
Rent-to-own can be a viable solution for both buyers and sellers. Below are a few of the pros and cons for both parties.
As there is no standard rent-to-own agreement, it is crucial that both parties ensure that a well-written contract is in place. It is recommended that a real estate agent and/or attorney be involved to prevent any headaches and disputes that may come up. It is especially crucial that the renter makes sure that they know what is in the contract, as it can be easy for an unscrupulous person to take advantage of an unsuspecting renter.
We hope this guide has provided useful information that can be used in your next real estate transaction. If so, we invite you to share this page on your social media so that others can have the chance to read it as well. If you have any questions or would like more information, Dream Home Property Solutions, LLC would be happy to discuss any and all of your real estate needs. Call us today at 805-250-8335 or you can enter your contact information here. Also, be sure to follow the Dream Home Property Solutions Blog for more valuable content. | 2019-04-23T04:03:35Z | https://www.dreamhomeps.com/ventura-county-real-estate-guide/ |
This memoir is told with a great sense of humour and personal insight. I really enjoyed it.
Jennifer is a lawyer in New York City, but doesn't enjoy her job, and started planning ten years earlier to move to Tuscany permanently. Her grandmother was Italian, and that offers her a foot in the door. Saving money where she could for the last few years, and researching all the paperwork required to actually live her dream has been a long haul.
The book begins with a prologue a few months into her move to Italy, at pretty much the lowest point of her story, but the real story begins in the spring as she moves into a rented apartment with an amazing view of the countryside. She moved to Montepulciano with her weimaraner Cinder in tow. She has taken language lessons, but hasn't really immersed herself in the language seriously, and as she looks for work and waits on the final paperwork to allow her to gain Italian citizenship, she finds many barriers between her and her final goal. She just keeps reminding herself that at least she's in Tuscany.
Finding work isn't easy, partly due to paperwork issues, and partly due to her language skills. She realizes that she must take more Italian lessons and work hard at them to make herself more employable. She finds out the different cultural habits of her new neighbours, struggles to make her money go further as time goes on, and finds that her love life is everybody's business and a topic of small town conversation.
From food to friends, wine to working, we see how she meets each challenge and defies it, persevering to her end goal. A great read and insight into such a unique experience.
This book is part of the series featuring Princess Pistachio series. Here Pistachio watches her dog, whose name is Dog, sleeping and wonders what he dreams about. She realizes that all he does is eat and sleep, and thinks that she must liven up his life a little. She tries to get him moving to no effect. The next morning, she puts him in her school bag and takes him to school. It turns out to be show and tell day, and Pistachio forgot to bring something, so she decides to show Dog. But her classmates make fun of the dog. When she spots an advertisement for a dog to audition for a role in a play a few days later, she decides to take Dog, despite her best friend Madeline's laughter. It turns out that Dog does have the special talent required for the role, and Pistachio must come up with a stage name that is more exciting for him, hence the name from the title of the book.
As Dog's success continues, it changes the dynamic between Pistachio and Madeline, and both end up learning something about themselves and friendship from the situation.
I liked the way the book showed that everybody has undiscovered talents, despite first impressions. I also liked the way the situation led to new understanding for both Pistachio and Madeline, and modeled a good way to deal with issues between friends.
My only difficulty with the plot was when Dog ate an eraser at school. To me this seemed like a bad message, maybe getting kids to think about feeding something like that to their dog for fun. Unfortunately, I had a cat who took it upon himself to eat an eraser, which proved to be life-threatening to him and very expensive to me. So I'd like to emphasize to NEVER DO THAT!!
Thanks to Pajama Press for providing me with a free copy to review.
This collection has a number of great stories. The three title stories are all novellas, plus there are several shorter stories.
Too Much Time is set in Maine, where Reacher is walking into a pedestrian square in a small town, and witnesses a man grabbing a bag from a young woman. He isn't the only witness, but the police on the scene ask him to make a statement, saying it won't take much time. Of course, the story is bigger than it looks at first glance and it ends up taking far more time than even Reacher might have thought. The copy on the cover says that this story leads into the new novel that is coming out this fall.
Small Wars takes us further back in Reacher's life, when he was still in the army. He gets brought into a unit stateside to temporarily take charge while their new commander recovers from a car accident. His first case is of a female commander of a special unit who has been apparently murdered on a country road. He must work with the state police to investigate. He calls on his brother for information on the officer, and brings in his own sargeant Neagley to be his right hand. I liked some of the dynamics of this one in terms of the characters.
Not a Drill is also set in Maine, when Reacher has gone up to the top of I95, just before the Canadian border to just see the end of the road. When hitching back down, he gets picked up by three Canadians who plan to hike a trail out on the peninsula. He gets talked into going with them, and when the trail gets closed down suddenly the next morning finds himself curious about what is behind the appearance of soldiers and questioning of hikers. This went in a different direction than I initially guessed, but a more interesting one.
James Penney's New Identity is another story from Reacher's army years. This one takes place in California and Reacher joins the story late, but has a key role in the plot. An interesting side to him here.
Everyone Talks has Reacher being questioned by a strong female investigator eager to prove herself. While lying in a hospital bed he gives up information slowly as he leads her towards the right conclusion.
Maybe They Have a Tradition takes place mostly in England where Reacher finds himself unexpectedly and in very bad weather. As he ventures towards the nearest town, he comes across a situation he is unexpectedly the right man for.
Guy Walks into a Bar has Reacher walking into a bar (of course) and seeing a woman alone at a table and mesmerized by the singer. As he watches, he gets an idea of what is happening and steps in to prevent the bad guys from getting their job done.
No Room at the Motel is another one that finds Reacher somewhere he hadn't planned, in bad weather, at least bad weather for that area. Here he watches what is happening, taking his time as he does to analyze things, and finds himself in the position to be a good samaritan.
The Picture of the Lonely Diner has Reacher coming up out of the NYC subway into an empty street, and he finds himself discussing the painting Nighthawks by Edward Hopper with an FBI agent. Oddly enough, this painting also came up in another book I'm reading.
I enjoyed all these stories, liking the twists and turns of the plot as well as the characters.
This book caused me to stop and think many times. Following the introduction, the book is split into four sections, with the first two sections having two chapters and the latter two four chapters. In the introduction, Harris tells us of one of his inspirations for the book, finding out about the amazing experience of Dr. Edith Bone. Bone was imprisoned in Hungary in 1949 on her way back to the airport to fly home to England after a visit to family. It took some time for people to realize she was missing, and then discover what happened to her. She was in solitary confinement for seven years. Instead of going mad, or breaking down, she found ways to occupy her mind and emerged "a little wiser and full of hope."
Her story set Harris to thinking about the art of being alone, and to examine how our culture works against this ability. The first section looks at what people do when they're alone, how they occupy themselves. He finds that technology has filled those times that we used to have alone with attachments to others. If we disconnect from it, we often worry about what we've missed. The move towards social media and the sharing economy has only increased the need for connection. So he looks at what happens when we lose that capacity for a rich inner life. He finds that even though the capacity for solitude has decreased, the spread of loneliness has increased. As the saying goes, you can be lonely even in a crowd. Connection in the way that we now define it doesn't overcome loneliness. In fact, it can actually emphasize the feeling.
Another negative impact of the loss of solitude is the loss of the "ability to engender new ideas." The "aha" moment isn't one that normally occurs in a group, but comes to us as we let our brains loose to explore without reining them in. Loss of solitude also negatively impacts self-knowledge.
In the second section he looks at research around solitude, and the skill of daydreaming. I remember being criticized by teachers and even sometimes family for daydreaming. Luckily, instead of stopping, I just became better at stepping away from others to engage in it. I need my time to myself to either sit with myself, read and think, or do something like needlework that can let my mind wander away. Harris talks about the pressure to be doing something, and this reads true for me. Studies show that what happens to our brain when we daydream is a necessary piece to forming our identity. He talks about the rational mind versus the intuitive mind, and how even our work spaces have been changed to encourage collaboration and engagement rather than times of creative solitude.
The third section looks at identity and its relationship to solitude. Forming our own style means not conforming to the role society would have us take: what to wear, how to act, the proper way to talk, and many other "ways" that are expected of us. Even our technology pushes us in this direction. To have our technological tools work more efficiently, they like us to behave in predictable ways. The information that we are fed through our technology is based on previous choices we have made. Even the way we move is influenced by technology. It guides us to our destination, and we follow its instructions. We lose the serendipity of discovery that travel used to bring. Harris talks to researchers about mapping, our mental maps, and our wayfinding skills. This made me feel a lot better about the way I often ignore my car GPS's instructions if I see something interesting or don't like the way it is suggesting. The younger generation is particularly influenced by this tracking that is a given with today's technology. Someone has often been sharing moments of their lives broadly since birth, programming their time with educational opportunities, playdates, and sports, leaving them little time to be solitary. It also makes people more anxious when they don't know someone's whereabouts. We don't have permission to go off grid, to leave our phones and cameras behind and just live the experience. We don't have comfort with the experience of losing control of what may happen.
The fourth section is about how we allow others time for solitude, and how we communicate in our solitude. Harris investigates what happens to us when we read, and how reading, by allowing us to enter the experience of others unlike us, allows us to learn empathy. He looks at how even writing books has changed, with the advent of apps like Wattpad. He looks at the art of letter writing, and how it differs from the instant or near instant communication that we have come to accept as the norm. Harris looks at death and the growing demand for ways to prolong life, or at least appear to. He looks at digital memory-making, and the creation of avatars that outlive us, at the idea of the singularity. He tells us of his own experience with solitude as he took a week in a remote cottage, with no human contact and how he experienced that, including how he experienced coming back out of it.
This book was absolutely fascinating and I cannot recommend it highly enough.
This fun picture book was a gift from a friend, in case I needed to do a storytime. Thankfully, I haven't had to do that, and I hadn't read the book when I first got it.
It's a very short book, great for a storytime. The pop-up features worked great with the subject as the frog shows his mouth and tells us what he eats. He then asks a number of other creatures what they eat and we see their mouths pop-up as they tell him. But when he gets to the last creature, the story has a surprise and we see the frog change his mouth in response. This is also very funny.
The book ends with a big splash and kids will like the bright colours and the surprise.
This is the second novel in the series that began with Noughts & Crosses. This story continues with Sephy's story as she is now a mother of a little girl, Callie. She struggles with her emotions around her situation, reviled by members of both cultural groups.
As she tries to find her own voice, she loves her young daughter, but fears for her future as a visible example of her parents' choices. When a letter reaches her, supposed written by Callum, it changes her feelings to the point where she feels much more alone, and more distrustful of those around her.
Her relationship with both her mother and with Callum's mother also changes, and her new friends only help a little.
We also see Jude and the situation he faces now that he is on the run, and has lost trust for some of the leaders of his group. Living on his own to stay under the radar, he befriends a trusting young woman. She brings him feelings that he didn't expect and doesn't want to feel, and makes him unsure of his own convictions. His reaction is tragic, and his solution to his new situation brings more misery to both him and to Sephy.
This series is not predictable in its plot changes, and the characters begin to grow more complex as we see them mature. This is a very interesting series, with its emphasis on race and cultural change.
This book for early readers is charming. Liam is awoken one morning by his Nana, who lives downstairs from him and his parents. She has exciting news. His parents have gone to the hospital because his little sister Sophie will be born soon.
Liam has to learn that waiting is part of life, and that it can bring you other joys. Nana-Downstairs, as she is called here, and Liam spend the day doing fun and naughty things like staying in their pajamas all day, eating funny things, playing silly games and watching movies.
Once Sophie arrives, Liam is enchanted by her.
Liam enjoys playing with Sophie, but is impatient for her to talk back to him. He wants her to be able to do things with him. Again, he finds that he must wait. Nana-Downstairs again offers advice. She helps him build something special. They have fun doing this.
When the females have a day out, Liam's Dad decides to build something. He doesn't build it from scratch, like Liam and Nana-Downstairs did, but from a kit. But since Dad isn't very good at building things, Liam has to help and make sure he doesn't mess it up.
I liked the big brother, big sister story here. Liam is a good big brother, patient and caring. I also liked how the adults didn't fit stereotypes.
The drawings are simple, but engaging, and show the emotions of the different characters vividly. I also liked how the sometimes offered a different perspective on a scene, and used enough details to make it interesting. I also thought the endpapers were a neat touch, covered with pictures of hand tools.
This book feels all too possible as a future reality in these troubling times. This book imagines our world in the late 2070s, after a civil war has broken out in the U.S. over the use of fossil fuels. The former United States are no longer united. A southwestern portion has split off and become a Mexican protectorate. A small group of southeastern states has left the union to become the Free Southern States and holds on to the use of fossil fuels. As climate change took it's toll, coastal areas became enveloped by the oceans, and lost to habitation. This includes most of Florida and portions of all the coasts. This led to the relocation of the U.S. capital to Columbus, Ohio.
Sarat and her twin sister Dana are six years old, but very different. Sarat is all about curiosity, trying things out. She is built large and will grow into a large woman. Dana is girly, already into dresses and makeup, while Sarat wears overalls. Their older sister Simon, nine, is smart and eager to help. Martina, 39, and Benjamin, 45 have a good marriage. Benjamin works at a local shirt factory and the family has enough to live, but the war has meant that the school closed due to fighting drawing near, and Martina wants more for her children. As she encourages Benjamin to apply for a work permit to work in the North of the country, this is the first decision that will change all their lives forever. The second decision follows closely, the one to leave their home and go to a refugee camp.
As the story follows the lives of the Chestnuts, you see the difficulty of living a life of uncertainty, a life where growing children don't always make the choices you would like them to make.
This is a story of war, of rebellion, of family. It is a story of the inequities that come with war, about its effect on the lives of civilians. It is about children forced to grow up too quickly, and with teachers that have their own bias.
This picture book, to be released at the end of the summer, continues with the characters introduced by Winters and Griffiths in the earlier Bad Pirate and Good Pirate books.
In this story, there are two pirate ships converging on Crossbones Island, both after treasure supposed hidden there. We first see the dog pirates, led by Barnacle Garrick. Augusta is Barnacle's daughter, and he aims to see her learn from one of his best crew members, Scully. Augusta tries very hard, but when an accident incapacitates Scully, she is determined to mend matters by going alone to the island to find the treasure.
In her search for the treasure, she finds that she isn't alone in her search. Scuppers, the son of the cat pirate ship's Captain Fishmonger, is also on the hunt for doubloons. When they end up in a fix together, Augusta tries to put the skills she learned to work, and find an innovative way out. With teamwork, they both make it to safety, and with treasure in hand return to their ships.
There is lots of lovely pirate language, and the end papers help define a lot of these for enchanted readers. The illustrations are wonderful, showing emotions and lovely details. The dogs are a variety of breeds, easily identifiable, and the cats range in type while still being entirely cats. And I love that the story shows how working together pays off.
Both author and illustrator are Canadian and known internationally for their great work. I'd already read and loved Kari-Lynn's Hungry for Math poetry book, and loved Dean's illustrations in the children's novel The Stowaways. It's great to see them come together in this series.
Thanks to Pajama Press for providing me with a pre-publication copy.
This wordless picture book captures the imagination of a young boy and girl as they swim in their local pool. When they first arrive at the pool it is empty, but it soon fills with people and their accessories: inner tubes, inflatable boats, oars, water guns, and more. The two dive under the people and see each other and together they find a magical world of fish, sea plants, and many interesting creatures.
It reminded me of a false memory from my youth, when I was watching my older cousins swimming in a pool and, despite my father's warnings, was sure I could do what they were doing and so let go of the edge. Despite sinking, and causing my father to jump in fully clothed to haul me out, I was never scared, as I saw myself falling gently down through the water, watching fish and other creatures pass by. Of course there were no fish, but this book brought that time back to me.
Beautifully drawn, this story is a delight of imagination.
I love this book! This book gives basic information in a couple of pages about many animals you may not have even heard of before, including size, what they eat, where they live, their status in terms of endangered, and another random piece of information. Each includes an illustration of the animal, along with some other images. Many of the entries mention other similar animals that you may not know much about.
The animals with entries in the book are: the numbat, the Cuban solenodon, the lesser fairy armadillo, the zorilla, the silvery gibbon, the dagger-toothed flower bat, the long-tailed dunnart, the Russian desman, Speke's pectinator, the onager, the banded linsang, the yellow-footed rock-wallaby, the gaur, the sand cat, the southern right whale dolphin, three monkeys (the red-faced spider monkey, the grey-shanked douc langur, and the golden snub-nosed monkey), the hirola, the crabeater seal, the ili pika, the zebra duiker, and the black-footed ferret.
There is lots of humour and some disgusting and weird information to keep kids interested.
I learned a lot about many animals I had never even heard of and thoroughly enjoyed both the pictures and the text.
What a fun and interesting read! | 2019-04-24T20:38:26Z | http://cdnbookworm.blogspot.com/2017/06/ |
Doctors frequently see patients who have difficulties coping with their disease and rate their disease activity high, despite the fact that according to the doctors, the disease activity is low. This study explored the patients’ perspectives on this discordance that may help to understand why for some patients, usual care seems to be insufficient.
In our qualitative study we conducted focus group interviews where questions were used as a guideline. Transcripts were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis.
Twenty-nine patients participated in four focus groups. Participants could not put their finger exactly on why doctors estimated that their disease activity was low, while they experienced high levels of disease activity. During the in-depth focus interviews, seven themes emerged that appeared related to high experienced disease activity: (1) perceived stress, (2) balancing activities and rest, (3) medication intake, (4) social stress, (5) relationship with professionals, (6) comorbidity, and (7) physical fitness.
When patients were asked why their view of their disease activity was different from that of their physician, seven themes emerged. The way participants coped with these themes seemed to be the predominant concept. Specific interventions that focus on one or more of the reported themes and on coping may improve not only the quality of life of these patients but also the satisfaction with the patient–doctor relationship for both parties.
In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), patients and physicians do not always rate disease activity equally [1, 2, 3, 4]. Despite the fact that treatment is regarded effective on commonly used disease activity measures (e.g., disease activity score, clinical disease activity index), about one-third of patients with low disease activity report high levels of pain, functional disability and fatigue [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]. This difference is undesirable, as it may affect the patient’s satisfaction, adherence to treatment [8, 9], and outcome . Differences between patients and physicians regarding the perception of disease activity are not well understood and may relate to various factors.
In the context of shared decision making and patient-centered care, it is important to know the patients’ thoughts about the high disease activity that they perceive and this possible discordance. Data from cohort studies suggest that in the perception of the patient, the most relevant disease activity parameters are pain and fatigue , while for the physician, the most important parameter is the number of swollen joints [4, 10]. Moreover, previous studies suggest a role for factors influencing discordance such as education, health literacy, and the concurrent presence of depression [2, 4, 11]. Furthermore, qualitative studies showed that pain, mobility, fatigue, physical capacity, and well-being are seen as an important outcome for patients [12, 13].
A better understanding of factors—according to the individual patient—that influence the high self-reported disease activity may help to understand why for some patients, usual care seems to be insufficient. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the patient’s perspective on the patient–physician discordance with regard to disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis.
To explore patients’ perspectives in breadth and depth on the discordance of the disease activity between patients and physicians, a qualitative study was performed by using focus group interviews. Focus groups allowed an interactive discussion on the topic of discordance. This method enabled researchers to explore the experiences, concerns, collective understanding, and opinions of participants by discussing specific topics related to discordance of disease activity and generate data .
Patients from the RAPPORT study (Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients rePort Onset ReacTivation), an observational cohort , were invited to participate in this study by letter. In brief, RA patients were eligible for this study if they were aged 18 years or older and were able to read and write Dutch. Further study details can be found in Walter . Of the initial 159 RAPPORT study patients, 82 patients (52 %) were willing to participate. No significant differences between responders and non-responders were found with regard to demographic characteristics, previous disease activity, and previous patient-reported outcome (PRO) scores . The disease activity was measured with the disease activity score (DAS28). This score ranges from 0 to 10 containing swollen joints, tender joints, visual analog scale (VAS) global, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), where a higher score indicates a higher disease activity.
Patients were asked to complete web-based questionnaires (Health Assessment Questionnaire/HAQ, Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease Activity Index/RADAI and Visual analog scale/VAS fatigue) three times, at 3-week intervals, and were clinically assessed by their consultant rheumatology once. Based on the online PROs and disease activity as rated by the physicians, 29 patients were identified as being discordant. According to regulations in the Netherlands (WMO), approval from the ethical review board was not needed. All patients gave written informed consent before inclusion in the focus groups.
Patients who had a discrepancy between patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and physician-assessed disease activity were invited to take part in focus groups. Patients were regarded as discordant if they had low disease activity according to the physician and a high PRO score (HAQ > 1 , RADAI > 2.2 and VAS fatigue > 50) for two or three consecutive time points. The interview schedule was devised after discussions between a clinical psychologist, nurse practitioner, and an epidemiologist as well as a literature search (Table 1). The duration of the sessions was 1–1.5 h. They were led by a male psychologist. The moderator introduced himself as being interested in this topic and emphasized the confidentiality of the interviews. All interviews were audio taped, transcribed verbatim, and anonymized.
What makes you say that your disease activity is high, while the rheumatologist indicates that the disease activity is low?
What do you do when your disease activity is high?
Do you believe there are influencing factors that can reduce your disease activity?
Data analysis was based on grounded theory . We adopted not a constructivist approach to grounded theory , but adopted a more thematic analysis of the data. After each interview, emergent themes were identified. The principle of data saturation was used. Interviews were held until themes and categories in the data become repetitive and redundant, such that no new information could be gleaned [20, 21]. At this point, saturation has been reached, and depth and breadth of the information were achieved . No new concepts emerged after four focus groups (data saturation). Emergent themes from the first interviews were incorporated into the next interviews. When themes were not discussed spontaneously, groups were asked explicitly about themes from previous interviews. After all interviews were held, the transcripts were read and re-read by the principal investigator to gain an overall understanding of the interviews. Then, the transcripts were examined, and open coding was applied to individual quotes. Codes were then grouped into concepts and then into major themes. All transcripts were analyzed independently by two of the four investigators (MW, AvtS, AP, JL). To guarantee uniformity, MW was involved in the analysis of all group transcripts. Differences in opinion were discussed until consensus was reached. The final transcript yielded no new codes, indicating data saturation. Analyses were completed using Atlas.ti software.
Of the 29 patient who were identified as discordant, all subsequently attended a focus group. The demographic characteristics of participants are summarized in Table 2.
Patients confirmed that they experienced high levels of self-reported disease activity despite the low disease activity reported by the professionals. If asked directly what could explain the difference between their own experience of high disease activity and the low disease activity according to the doctor, participants could not come up with a clear explanation. However, a clearer picture emerged during discussions of issues brought up by the participants themselves. Seven themes were identified during the inductive analysis, in line with our thematic analysis. In the following section, we elaborate on these themes. The quotes are identified by a participant number (e.g., P1) and a group number (e.g., FG1).
The participants in our study indicated that higher levels of cognitive stress were associated with pain and functional disability. For example, if they appraised a situation as taxing and stressful and they considered themselves incapable of dealing with it, this increased the likelihood of experiencing symptoms.
Besides the direct impact of stress, patients struggled how to cope with the high self-reported disease activity when they were feeling stressed.
Although they were well aware of the positive impact of low stress levels, it was hard to implement stress-reducing techniques. Patients reported feeling much better at times when they were able to cope with the pressure or during periods with low external stressors.
Another factor affecting stress was highlighted by specific remarks about the context of health care. If patients felt that their symptoms were not understood by healthcare professionals (including doctors) and therefore referred to other health professionals, this was experienced as stressful for some patients.
Patients mentioned that activities and rest need to be properly balanced in order to cope with the disease.
To manage activities, they used strategies such as planning, adapting, and avoidance of regular activities. In order to cope with the pain and fatigue that they expected to experience when taking part in specific activities, patients often made sure that they rested or relaxed in advance. Taking sufficient rest and restricting oneself in activities were hard for many patients. It was notable that patients regarded the need to make adjustments in daily life as a loss. They saw adjustments as an obligation rather than as an investment required to engage in valued activities. The need to rest was viewed as loss of usable time rather than energy renewal.
Another way of coping with high levels of disease activity was to ignore the symptoms and carry on. Some patients accepted that this would result in “off days”.
A number of patients also simply accepted ongoing high levels of disease activity as they did not wish to—or could not—reduce the level of their activities.
This not only changed their behavior but also made them feel that they were not able to do what “normal” people are capable of.
Most patients felt that medication had a negative influence on their general well-being that was not picked up by the physician’s measure of disease activity. They considered the medication side effects to be a potential cause of fatigue.
Because of these side effects, some patients considered weighing the side effects against the severity of their disease in their decision whether or not to continue their medication.
At some point I really felt like a walking chemical factory.
Other patients mentioned that it was hard to disentangle the symptoms caused by the disease from those caused by medication use.
Social stress is defined as stress arising from a lack of social support or inappropriate social support.
Patients talked about the lack of social support and affiliation with family and friends. They felt that these people had limited understanding of their illness. Patients discussed feeling down related to the social response as a result of the invisibility of symptoms.
For some patients, a lack of understanding about the chronicity of the disease created negative thoughts, they always had to explain their condition resulting in more experienced stress.
Some of them mentioned the same effect of feeling down if doctors ignored their pain and fatigue. Although most encounters only had a brief effect on patients, their recurrence made this a relevant topic for them.
Repeatedly having to ask for help was also difficult for some patients. It created a feeling of dependence on family or friends for everyday life. On the other hand, some patients found it difficult to deal with meddling by their family.
The relationship with professionals and the professionals attitude was not regarded as having a direct negative effect on the self-reported disease activity, but it was suggested that good guidance, personal attention, listening, and taking time during consultations all alleviate self-reported disease activity.
Patients discussed the importance of being heard, and being listened to, were signs that professionals took them seriously.
Patients believed that comorbidity plays a part in the high disease burden, but it was difficult to interpret. Patients could not explain whether high self-reported disease activity was the result of RA or result of comorbidity. For example, if patients experienced pain in their joints they could not distinguish between osteoarthritis and arthritis .
A few patients discussed the causes of fatigue. Fibromyalgia or other diseases were mentioned as inducers of fatigue, but so was their RA. Female patients going through the menopause also talked about fatigue, disturbed sleeping and pain in the joint. But they could not say whether it was due to RA or menopause.
This theme was perceived as having a negative impact on well-being, both psychologically and physically. Patients mentioned that a lack of exercise led to more disease symptoms.
But the opposite was also reported: more pain and fatigue after exercise or other intense physical activities were mentioned as a reason for staying away from exercise. Although patients were aware of the benefits of exercise, their concerns about the pain and fatigue after exercising resulted in them avoiding all activities related to exercise.
If you exercise more, you get more energy. Well, it turned out to be so exhausting that I had to stop doing other things I liked. And it certainly didn’t give me more energy, so…it doesn’t help (P4,FG2).
We explored the discordance between the patients self-reported high level of disease activity, while at the same time, their doctors believed that their disease activity was low. Summarizing the data of the focus groups, we found seven themes that according to patients were relevant to high disease activity: perceived stress, balancing activities and rest, medication intake, social stress, relationship with professionals, comorbidity, and physical fitness.
Considering the seven themes that emerged in our study, it seemed that the way in which patients coped with these themes may have played an important role in managing the impact of the disease on their daily life. Coping is the process by which people try to manage (e.g., reduce, minimize, master, or tolerate) the internal and external demands that are appraised as taxing or exceeding the resources of the person [22, 23]. Maladaptive coping may lead to loss of confidence, increased likelihood of perceiving a situation as stressful and loss of control , all of which hinder a person’s ability to adapt to living with a chronic illness [24, 25]. Results from RA studies suggest that problem-focused coping strategies are helpful in placing the disease into perspective, thereby allowing patients to better manage the disease burden . Furthermore, studies have shown that active coping strategies appeared to be useful in RA patients and that these strategies improve psychological well-being .
Appraisal of the situation and employment of coping strategies differ considerably between patients. Some patients successfully adjusted to their disease while others did not, which is known from the literature [23, 28]. This was for example seen in physical activity, patients often tried to follow advice to do more exercise. However, some experienced more complaints hereafter. An explanation for this finding might be that initially RA comes with high levels of pain related to movement and exercise. These high levels of pain could lead to avoidance behavior, passive coping, based on fear of more pain leading to a decrease in physical condition.
Also, the need for medication was viewed by some patients as a necessary evil with side effects implicating lower levels of health. From previous studies, we know that negative beliefs about medication can influence medication uptake, adherence, and the degree to which side effects are experienced [30, 31]. Patients with a more positive outlook on medication were more confident about the ability of DMARD treatment to control their RA . It is therefore possible that negative thinking about medication has an impact on the experienced symptom reduction of known effective drugs (i.e., the nocebo effect).
At the same time, passive coping with pain and neglecting social support is known to have a negative impact on long-term disability and pain . In this study, patients mentioned the importance of the support of professionals. This was in line with other studies where it was found that psychosocial factors influenced patient outcomes, but not disease activity [34, 35].
In the present study, we formulated the main question from the perspective of the professionals as we regarded low disease activity measured by DAS28 as treatment effectiveness. Some work has been done in this field by asking what patients perceived as disease remission. This resulted in themes such as absence or reduction of symptoms, ability to do valued activities and the ability to cope with the disease . The patients’ and the doctors’ perspective on low disease activity thus appear to be based on different factors.
There are a number of limitations to this study. First, the results applied to patients with a median disease of 5 years. It is possible that patients with recently diagnosed RA would have identified different themes. Second, patients who were willing to participate were mainly Caucasian. It is possible that other ethnic groups would have discussed other themes. Third, we think that coping style may be seen as an important factor in the difference between physicians and patients assessment of the disease activity. Although coping style is often seen as a stable personality trait, coping style in chronic patients may be influenced by prolonged experience of stress that comes with rheumatoid symptoms. Therefore, coping style may have changed resulting in less optimal coping strategies. It is possible that our patients used less often problem-focused strategies, which hinder these patients to manage the burden in a more effective way . This relationship could be bidirectional as prolonged experience of stress influences the presence of rheumatoid symptoms. This is not unlikely, because prolonged worry and anticipatory stress can influence somatic immunologic functioning .
Fourth, the focus groups consisted mostly of female patients (80 %). This could be the result of the fact that women are more likely to be discordant with the physicians . However, male patients might have added different items which make that the results should be applied to female RA patients. Furthermore, depression was not measured in this study. Previous studies suggest a role for depression in patients with high levels of symptoms and estimated low disease activity. It is known that depression influences coping style, and thus depression could have influenced our results . Although comorbidity was a theme of the discordance in disease activity, this study was not designed to specifically analyze this issue.
Our results suggest that there are options for improving the quality of care for RA patients, which involve changing maladaptive coping styles by teaching them in problem solving techniques, transform negative thoughts (i.e., cognitive training), physical training, and the need for rest to renew energy. Doctors frequently see patients who had difficulties coping with their disease and who are discontented, despite the fact that, according to the same doctors, their disease activity is low. This discontentment may even lead to inappropriate drug treatment as patients may request to intervene in their symptoms, possibly initiating expensive drug instead of more appropriate non-pharmacologic management interventions. Specific interventions focused on one or more of the themes reported here may help to increase contentment, thereby improving not only the quality of life but also the satisfaction with the patient–doctor relationship for both parties.
When we asked patients why their view of their disease activity was different from that of their physician, seven themes emerged. The way in which patients coped with these themes in demanding situations may be the overarching theme. | 2019-04-19T04:31:21Z | https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11136-016-1369-4 |
“20th May sailed for Portuguese Guinea alone.” That was the entry in Bessie Fricker’s diary in 1940. How did a single lady set off alone to bring the word of God to Portuguese Guinea?
In 1932 Norman Grubb, the director of WEC received a vision from the Lord for the unevangelized areas of West Africa. On the wall of the prayer room he hung a large map focusing on nine countries of West Africa, including Portuguese Guinea or Guinea-Bissau, as it is called today. Each day the group in the mission headquarters in London, England asked God to call pioneers to take the word of God to those countries. Members of the mission shared the challenge of West Africa in various churches. That is how the Lord spoke to Bessie Fricker about the people of Portuguese Guinea.
In 1884 a Protestant mission had asked the Portuguese government for permission to work in Guinea, but they refused. “We already have enough priests for the spiritual needs of the people,” was the reply. From the government’s point of view nothing had changed, but Christians had begun to pray and God was calling workers.
Bessie was born into a poor family in London, England. She left school after a minimal education and went to work as a waitress to help with the family finances. Her parents were not Christians, but Bessie used to go to a mission hall near their home. She went because they often gave away food or clothes. After four years she received Jesus as her Saviour. She was nineteen.
From the very beginning she wanted to be a missionary. God was challenging her about going to Africa, but how could she? Her family relied upon her wages. Her fiancé, although a Christian, had no interest in the mission field. Bessie did not have much schooling. How could she go to Bible School? How could she learn a foreign language? The Lord solved each problem. She broke off her engagement, the Bible School accepted her, and the teachers coached her so that she even gained top marks in the Hebrew exam. Her mother, even though she had no interest in the Gospel, made no objection.
Bessie wanted to go where the Gospel had not been preached before. Easter 1936 the Lord called her to Portuguese Guinea, and the leaders of the mission agreed. So Bessie was herself part of God’s answer to the prayers for workers for the nine lands of West Africa. In July 1936 she arrived in Angola to begin learning Portuguese and to adjust to life in Africa.
They were a team of three, two men and Bessie. All three of them moved to the Cape Verde Islands and in June 1939 the two men, Cliff Gaye and Bill Griffiths, set off for Portuguese Guinea, ahead of Bessie. Bessie, being a single lady, had to wait behind in Praia, very discouraged. Leslie Brierley, who was working in Senegal, met the other two in Guinea and they surveyed the land. There were lots of problems: the law said they would have to build to exacting European standards and they did not have enough money, even for a simple building. Also, the Second World War had begun and they felt that they should return to England and enlist. The two of them left Portuguese Guinea and returned to the Cape Verde Islands. Leslie could see a land wide open for the word of God, but it was the other two men who were going to work there. He had to return to his own work in Senegal.
Waiting! Waiting! Always waiting! Bessie felt very frustrated. It was not easy but the Lord had a lot to teach her. Life in Praia was not quite like life in the mission station in the bush in Cabinda, Angola. She needed to learn how to dress and how to behave towards government officials. Important lessons for a future mission director!
Bessie followed her colleagues’ progress in prayer as she heard the reports of their time in Guinea. She prayed, cried out to the Lord, and fasted so that the evangelism of Portuguese Guinea would go ahead, but the men insisted they were returning to England. What was Bessie to do? The leader of their little team was her fiancé. Bessie could go back with them or she could stay with the vision the Lord had given her to go to Portuguese Guinea. With a sad heart she exchanged her engagement ring for the official mission stamp. Bessie was the only remaining member of the team and she was director of the mission!
Dona Libania had been converted through Bessie in Praia. She had already worked in Bissau as a seamstress and was ready to go to Portuguese Guinea with Bessie, but she could not go before the end of June. It was advisable to travel before the heavy rains, so that is why Bessie was sailing on her own on May 20, 1940.
Bessie arrived in Guinea on her own, but truly the Lord had gone before her. Everywhere she went, she found people to help her. Even on the boat to Bolama, she met a judge who she had known in Angola. As soon as she arrived in Bolama, the capital at that time, she recognized a man and his sister, whom she had met on the journey to Angola. The director of the Cable and Wireless Company, who had helped her colleagues in 1939, was still there and he helped her disembark, get a visa, go to the bank and complete all the other essential official business. Then, when she went to the hotel, there was no room. It was absolutely full! But God had not forgotten her. A Christian from Praia, who was going to Bissau, lent her his room. The next morning she had to go to the district commissioner. He allowed her to stay in the country and even gave her permission to travel.
Bessie went to Bissau, the commercial capital, to wait for Dona Libania. Bessie rented a two-room house near the cathedral. There they had their first meeting. Ten young ladies arrived, dressed at the height of fashion; they did not stop chattering the whole time and never came back. But gradually the Lord began to work. Guilhermina Barbosa (Mimi) was the first convert. Through her changed life her two sons were converted as well as a friend, Armando Santos, who worked for Casa Gouviea. Sixteen were converted and often up to thirty squeezed into the small living room.
In October 1941 Bessie received some visitors. Her colleagues who worked in Senegal had to leave because of the Second World War. Bessie was delighted to entertain David and Margaret Barron and Leslie Brierley, but they could not stay in Guinea because the Portuguese government would not give them visas. Disappointed, Bessie watched them sail away. Dona Libania also had to return to Cape Verde because she had had a heart attack. Another couple preparing to come was delayed yet again. All this and an attack of malaria was too much for Bessie. She knew that she would have to leave Guinea for a while, but she was determined to come back. She went to the governor and asked him for an exit visa that would allow her to return. He was so delighted to see her leave that he agreed to whatever she asked, but, in fact, he vowed that she would never return.
So, after just eighteen months, Bessie had to leave that little group of sixteen young believers in the hand of God.
Leslie Brierley came from the north of England. He left school early and then took a course in mechanics and electrical engineering. He was converted at fourteen in a mission hall. At eighteen he knew that the Lord was calling him to work in Africa, but Bible Schools would only accept people age twenty-one or older. While working he took a Bible correspondence course. Then, in 1931, he heard of a new Bible Institute which would accept him, despite his youth. When he had completed that course, he prepared to go to the Gambia, but before he arrived, that mission had combined with WEC and they were sent to the Casamance in Senegal. He worked there for five years. As soon as he heard that his two colleagues had arrived in Guinea he went to visit them. The survey he did then was the basis for his prayers and plan of work in the future. With the fall of France in the Second World War, the French government expelled all the British from their colonies. So they had fifteen days to pack up and leave. They arrived in Bissau, but their hopes of working there were also quashed. The Portuguese government only allowed them to stay for twenty-four hours. David and Margaret Barron sailed for England, but Leslie went to Sierra Leone and entered government service there. Twice war had prevented him from being a missionary.
When Bessie left Bissau, she did not go to England but sailed to Freetown, Sierra Leone. Five months later she and Leslie were married. In December 1942 they arrived in England. Bessie was still very weak, she was also expecting a baby, but they had one goal: they were going to return to Portuguese Guinea.
Bessie could never forget Portuguese Guinea. The Lord had also given Leslie the same vision. In meetings throughout England they talked about the little group of believers that Bessie had left behind in Bissau. They asked people to pray for them and also to pray that the Lord would make it possible for them to return. They applied for visas at four different embassies, without success. It seemed impossible to get a visa for Portuguese Guinea.
David and Margaret Barron had already returned to Kounkane in Senegal, so Leslie and Bessie decided to go there and apply for a visa yet again. In November 1944 they arrived in Senegal, but their request for a visa was again turned down. There seemed to be no way to get a visa for Portuguese Guinea!
Leslie felt very frustrated by his lack of Portuguese. If he had spoken the language he would have tried crossing the border and asking for a visa in Bissau itself. By May Bessie said that she was prepared to leave their small son, Norman, with Margaret Barron and go on her own to try requesting a visa in Bissau. She already had the official papers from her previous stay in Guinea.
The French government official gave her the papers she needed to cross the border and even gave her a lift to Pirada. There Bessie waited five days for transport to Bafata. She was almost ready to return to Kounkane. What would happen if she was seen there in Pirada without papers? If they expelled her, she would never be allowed to enter Guinea again. She was so tired of waiting, she even thought about borrowing a horse to ride to Bafata, but eventually a lorry arrived.
Bessie explained to the district commissioner in Bafata that she had already spent six years in Portuguese territory and that she had left some belongings in Bissau. He allowed her to go on to Bissau. Bessie arrived on a Friday afternoon. The Christians were overjoyed to see her. She could only go to request a visa from the governor on Monday morning. On Sunday they prayed and fasted. On that very Sunday, the catholic bishop, who had always been very hostile, sailed for Lisbon.
Meanwhile in Senegal, Leslie had not been idle. The prayers of his baby son, Norman, challenged him each evening. “Daddy, please send Mummy with shoes, sweets, and the visas all in a big lorry.” Leslie began to pack, so that they would be ready when Bessie arrived. The Lord had promised him the visas, a house for a mission headquarters, and had given him a plan of action for the work.
Forty-one days later, when Bessie crossed the border in a large lorry with the visas, she found Leslie and Norman all packed up and ready to go to Portuguese Guinea the next day, July 6, 1945.
As the capital was in the process of being moved from Bolama to Bissau accommodation was virtually impossible to find. Nevertheless, within two days they had the promise of a three-room house, with one room suitable for meetings. They could start the plan of action that the Lord had given Leslie - first to start work in Bissau, then Bolama, the Bijagos Islands and the land of the Balantas.
What of that small group that Bessie had left in 1941? They had continued to meet in the house that Bessie had rented until 1943, when the Portuguese authorities banned them from holding services there because Senhor Armando Santos was not officially recognized as their leader. But the group continued to meet on a Sunday, some in Mimi’s house, others with João Vaz in the Bairro.
The first Sunday after the Brierley’s arrival in Bissau, twenty people gathered. Each believer testified as to how the Lord had kept them over the years. Others were converted. Mimi brought along four or five women to that first meeting. Two were converted a few days later. They had waited for three years for Bessie to return to accept Jesus. Dona Juliana and Dona Jota became great workers for the Lord. It was not long before there were thirteen new converts. Leslie formed a committee to help organize things.
Leslie and Bessie were on their own, busy with the work of encouraging and teaching this little group of believers. People were ready to come and join them, but it was impossible to get visas until Edith Moules,”Ma Moli,” came for a visit. Through her work and influence the door was eventually opened for new workers to come to Portuguese Guinea.
Acts 1 v 8 says: “… You will be my witnesses in Jerusalem, and in all Judea and Samaria, and to the ends of the earth.” Leslie Brierley always had his eyes fixed on the places away from the main towns, where people had yet to hear about Jesus. No one knew for sure how long Guinea would be open to the preaching of God’s Word. Leslie had two goals: to give the church a vision for evangelism and to teach the Christians there so that the church would grow even if the missionaries had to leave the country.
Leslie prepared the Christians to take responsibility in the church. On Monday evenings they held the “Fisherman’s class.” The believers were taught to give a lesson either in the open air or for Sunday School. On Saturday evening the lesson was repeated for practice and then on the Sunday they would preach that same lesson. Five stories with visual aids were taught in the churches.
The house in the centre of Bissau which served as the mission headquarters was becoming too small. Leslie and Bessie began to hunt for larger quarters. In 1950 they bought a house in Bissau Novo. The work spread into a new district of Bissau, which was far out in the bush at the time. The move was not without problems as some of the believers now lived a long way away from the mission, but it did give the church space to expand. Later meetings were also held in Gambiafada, Bandim and Chão de Papel.
Of course there were problems and difficulties but they only made Leslie Brierley work all the harder at teaching and preparing national evangelists and presbyters. A church that is going to endure persecution needs well discipled leaders.
Leslie Brierley always had his eyes open to spot and teach potential leaders. The first Bible School opened in 1950 in Bissau Novo with six students, but very soon there was a fire in the building and it burned down. As there was nowhere else for them to study, the school had to close.
In Leslie’s vision for the work–to begin in Bissau, then move on to Bolama, the Bijagos Islands, and Balanta country,–Leslie never forgot the Bijagos Islands. One day Mimi went to Bubaque for her health. She managed to rent a house, and began holding some meetings. Leslie went to Bubaque with a district officer in 1946. Twenty people came to the meeting, and the district commissioner and a teacher were very interested. But it was only when reinforcements began to arrive in 1949 that missionaries could be placed on the islands.
Leslie and Bessie never forgot the south of the country. In 1946 they used their new car to visit Catio. In 1950 Leslie arrived in the land of the Nalus. A chief there was very open and showed real interest in the Word of God. In 1958 Michael Tarrant spent three days there. By that time there were no longer any idols or idol altars. Each village had its own Muslim missionary and mosques were being built everywhere. All the Nalus had become Muslims. Had the Brierleys arrived too late to find open hearts?
In 1969 Bessie was killed in a car accident in England. In her memory Leslie asked the Lord for a new advance among the Muslim peoples of Guinea-Bissau. In 1971 that became an official goal of the mission and, in 1976, David Smith and his family moved to Bafata. Ever since there has been a fierce battle to keep a testimony among the Muslim peoples in Guinea-Bissau. | 2019-04-20T16:48:59Z | https://dacb.org/stories/guinea-bissau/brierley-bessie-leslie/ |
Asus are no strangers when it comes to stylus pen input on their tablets and devices. In fact, their original Eee Note featuring a digitizer stylus was one of the first on the market around that time in 2010. Asus tablet products like the Eee Slate in 2011 was one of the first ever Windows tablets that had a digitizer stylus pen. It was immensely popular at that time because few companies dared to offer a digitizer stylus with a Windows tablet. The Eee Slate EP101 had terrific business application and uses, thanks in large part to the digitizer stylus. Over the years Asus has continued to release various products with digitizer stylus input including the Fonepad Note (tablet + phone) and Windows based tablets. The point is, Asus knows a thing or two about stylus technology and implementing it in their products.
The Z Stylus is the newest pen input product from Asus. The official specs of the Z Stylus includes: 1.2mm tip, 1024 pressure point sensitivity and battery life of 150 hours (225 days of standby time). It weighs 11.85g and features a clip-on design which makes it look and feel like a real pen. You can clip it to your shirt pocket!
One important note that needs to be made here is regarding device compatibility. The Asus Z Stylus pen will only work on ZenPad S 8.0 (Z580CA) and any of the ZenPad 10 models. That’s it, that’s all. Be sure to check your model number to ensure that it’s one of these compatible models. There are two different ZenPad S 8.0 models and if you have the Z580C, then you cannot use the Z Stylus.
The Z Stylus is very reasonably priced at just $29.99 US. Other markets will see slightly more expensive pricing but the Z Stylus is still worth your consideration even at a more expensive price point. When it comes to buying a Z Stylus, availability has been challenging. From time to time we’ve seen them listed on the big retailers like Amazon.com, but you may notice at times that the Z Stylus is listed by third party sellers at an inflated price. We recommend that you check out the official Asus online store because their prices are not inflated and they seem to maintain better stock levels.
We’ve had our Z Stylus for a while now. With the short supply available at that time we ended up ordering ours from Taiwan and had it shipped to our location in North America. It was a tad expensive, but we felt it would be beneficial to you, our readers to know about this accessory.
The box contains a battery, a second replacement tip, a tip removal tool, users manual, and the Z Stylus pen. The battery is not common and is a AAAA size. This can be found in most places that sell batteries, but keep in mind that it’s going to be relegated to the bottom row or off to the side on the rack. I had to look and look at my local store for the batteries but indeed they were there, on the lowest possible shelf.
The Z Stylus is metal design. It’s solid and feels as comfortable as you might hope for. It’s not too heavy, but it’s certainly not light. It’s quite pleasing to the eye actually! The pocket clip is a nice touch for any of the nerds out there who enjoy the pen in front pocket look. In all seriousness though, the clip allow for the Z Stylus to attach to a pen loop holders found on the various official Asus covers and cases (Tri Cover and Zen Clutch).
There is a button along the lower side of the Z Stylus that has 2 different buttons. These buttons offer some added functionality and allow customization depending on the app being used. Bringing up the quick launch menu and the erase function are what we found the most useful for these buttons.
Asus has done a good job with updating the device software which has added some useful tips for using your Z Stylus. Included in one update, Asus added a tutorial video for the Z Stylus. So if you’re buying a Z Stylus now and have updated your system software you should definitely watch the tutorial and read the tips that will show the first time you start using the Z Stylus with your device.
We’ve used the Z Stylus on both the ZenPad S 8.0 (Z580CA) and the ZenPad 10. The experience has actually improved recently in comparison to our initial testing thanks to a recent Asus software update. This update provides a big improvement that will all but stop your accidental screen touches. You will quickly realize how often your rom palms touch the screen or your fingers somehow come in contact with the screen while you are innocently using the Z Stylus. Keep in mind that if you’re reading a Z Stylus review from elsewhere, be wary of the software version that the reviewer or user was using. The performance today is better than what it was during the initial launch of these tablets in late 2015.
What’s better now thanks to the update? The most dramatic improvement comes thanks to the new “Stylus only mode”. This mode is only triggered when you bring the Z Stylus tip within close proximity to the screen. When you activate this feature in the settings, you can choose “Stylus only time” from 1 second to 5 seconds. This means that once the Z Stylus is engaged with the screen (comes close to the screen), the ZenPad will then enter “Stylus only mode” and touch will be deactivated entirely until the timer runs out. When the timer expires the ZenPad will become a touch screen device again.
This new “Stylus only mode” is a big deal for one reason. This mode and setting allows you to truly treat the ZenPad like it’s a pad of paper. You can better grip the tablet with your hand (thumb on the screen for example) and never have to worry about an accidental press. When it comes to user friendly experiences, this feature is everything. Most times I opted for the 5 second time out which I found to be a non issue in terms of touch usability. It will be a personal preference that you will have to decide on. For me though, when I’m using the stylus I want the tablet to be like a pad of paper. Accidental presses can and did frustrate me in the past if I’m being totally honest. This was especially true with the ZenPad S 8.0 (Z580CA) because there is so little bezel that it may it a real chore to avoid a thumb accidentally triggering something on the screen accidentally. This new feature from Asus resolves those issues.
A lot of apps have pen only modes, but the Asus setting of “Stylus only mode” is the best solution. When in use, you literally don’t need to bother worrying about activating a pen only mode in apps. The ZenPad takes care of it for you and does a better job than any app can do in reducing accidental screen presses.
The real icing on the cake with this software update though is with the on-screen notification that your ZenPad is currently in Stylus only mode. When you engage the screen with the Z stylus, an icon appears in the top of your screen (where battery and time are shown) indicating that touch is off. When you lift the Z Stylus away from the screen, that’s when the timer will count down and transform the ZenPad back into a finger touch device. So if you choose 1 second only, when you lift off the Z Stylus, count one second and that icon will disappear and you know you’re back to normal tablet functionality. The 5 second timer for me was the most ideal because it’s not uncommon to lift a pencil off a paper while thinking something out or planning your artwork. The timer helps simulate real pen to paper interactions which I cannot understate the importance of.
This is what your display looks like while your Z Stylus is NOT active with the tablet.
This is what your display looks like when your Z Stylus IS active with your tablet. Notice the clear indicators of whether your tablet is in stylus mode only.
The Asus ZenPad tablets come bundled with a few note taking apps. The most popular or well known Asus app is Super Note and its well worth the price of admission when it comes to making use of the Z Stylus.
If you want to draw, Super Note is a great app that offers a number of different tips, colors and styles. Not all the pen tips offer pressure sensitivity or opacity setting. For a while I thought the opacity setting was glitchy until I realized that opacity was reserved for the marker pen tip. The calligraphy pen tip and brush tip work well using the Z Stylus pressure sensitivity.
Super Note also offers an interesting note taking function where you can write text with the Z Stylus and those words become like typical text. Essentially the app creates a tidy, easy to edit version on your hand written text. The app turns your letters and words editable just like you might need in a word processor like MS Word and at the same time it aligns the words horizontally. If you’re looking for a professional hand-written document, then the Super Note app provides you with everything you need.
The buttons on the Z Stylus are very useful when it comes to quick and easy erasing. Although I’ve read customer comments which wanted the erase function to be from the top end of the stylus (like a pencil) I found the button erase function to be fast and painless. The apps let you set the size and radius of the erasing function which is helpful because your needs will vary from fine and narrow to vast when it comes to erasing the display.
I dabbled with using the “Stylus cursor” on and off to see which was preferable. Initially I didn’t like the cursor appearing on the screen when the tip was approaching the display. However over time I found that the Z Stylus was easier to use with the stylus cursor on. I can best describe it as a better indicator or communication to you when the pen tip is close enough to the screen that the buttons on the stylus will work. It takes the guess work out of it. You need the tip to come close to the screen to active stylus only mode as well, and it’s just better seeing the cursor appear which then indicated to you that you have enabled the stylus only mode. You don’t need to tap or touch the screen with the stylus to activate it with the tablet. The cursor helps you know when you’ve hit that magic range from the screen with the stylus tip, which I would say is about 3mm. If you want to try the Z Stylus without the cursor appearing, you can change the settings here: Settings > Z Stylus > Smart peek > Stylus cursor (on/off).
This is the “Stylus cursor” that will appear when the tip of the Z Stylus approaches the screen surface. You can enable or disable this cursor depending on your personal preference.
I wouldn’t classify myself as a stylus expert, however I’ve had many stylus users ask about Lecture Notes and other apps. I did some testing with Lecture Notes and I was impressed with the Z Stylus capabilities within the app. Pressure sensitivity works just fine, although you need to set that up in your app settings. The Z Stylus buttons can also easily be setup for the eraser function within the Lecture Notes settings. Because the first (lowest) button on the Z Stylus is really reserved for the Asus quick launch menu, I suggest changing the default setting for button two so that it’s set to erase and not cutting (see screenshots below).
I will admit that going into the settings of Lecture Notes was a bit daunting because the options are vast and deep. It seems very easy to accidentally tick a box or remove a ticked box when you are scrolling the options and setting pages. But what you what to know is how the Z Stylus works with Lecture Notes and I can say it works excellent based on my testing. I’ve included a few screenshots of settings in Lecture Notes that you will need or want to setup for full functionality with the Z Stylus. From all the feedback I’ve read from visitors to this site and elsewhere, the Z Stylus will function well with note taking and stylus friendly apps that are on the market.
If you have school aged kids, I’m going to give you a real life example on how the Z Stylus was a true value added accessory.
Kids study for tests but they really study for tests when it’s fun. The Z Stylus made studying fun for my kids and I have relied on the ZenPad 10 and Z Stylus on many nights. There are a couple ways that I found this most useful.
You can easily create a word match study page that can be saved as a file, and then can be used and reused very easily. Once it’s completed by your child, you can simply erase what they’ve done and the practice page is ready to use once again on another day. Sure you could use pen and paper but using the Z Stylus was a real time saver and there is less paper waste.
If you have a blank worksheet for example, you can simply take a photo and then use that photo with one of the built-in Asus apps as a background. This then allows your child to answer the questions which can then be erased and the worksheet can be used multiple times. This is very helpful with math exercises and math worksheets. Essentially you can take a photo of the blank worksheet and utilize it basically as a blank template. You just saved yourself the need to print multiple copies of the same worksheet!
For business uses, this makes it easy to add notation to photos, images or screenshots that you can easily send via various methods like social media or email. If you want to make quick notes on a map, you can take a screenshot and use one of the Asus built-in editing apps and then send the notated map to a contact.
For drawing and creating, the Z Stylus can get the job done. There is a bit of a learning curve to using a digital stylus if it’s your first one. I was able to test my abilities in connecting lines to form a 3D box and over time I would say my talent level definitely improved. I don’t have other stylus pens and devices to compare with for this particular review. If you’re looking for a high level art work and design solution, you might want to consider a more dedicated product for that purpose. Certainly for kids, the variety of colors and drawing tips will keep them entertained for long stretches of time.
On the technical side of things, is the Z Stylus going to be top of the class? No. For general usage and for added enjoyment, especially for kids, this is a great addition for a tablet. If you own a ZenPad 10 or ZenPad S 8.0 (Z580CA) there may be some untapped potential in your tablet. Those tablets have the added bonus of having compatibility with the Z Stylus, so why not utilize that capability?
I did find that battery drain was a problem, especially considering I had the Z Stylus in close proximity to a ZenPad 10 and ZenPad S 8.0 (Z580CA) simultaneously. Both tablets were left on and I didn’t really consider turning off the Z Stylus in the tablet settings. I suspect most people aren’t going to have two of these tablets together at the same time with the Z Stylus, but I will make a recommendation. In between usages, I recommend that you deactivate (turn off) the Z Stylus from your tablets Settings menu. The batteries are easy to find and fairly cheap to buy, but you don’t want to be buying more batteries than necessary.
On the educational use alone, the Z Stylus is simply a must have. I’m telling you first hand that my kids enjoyed memorizing French for example, far more when I utilized the ZenPad 10 and Z Stylus with my own practice sheets that I created for them. A pen and paper is boring especially when you can have fun colors and different pen or drawing tips to do your homework and studying with.
You can fine enough uses for the Z Stylus in your everyday life that it’s not going to be a regret buying, that much I can promise. Technology that saves time and makes life easier is worth the price of admission. At a retail price of $29.99 US, the Z Stylus can provide you with enough uses on a regular basis that it’s definitely worth buying.
Great review of the Z stylus, thank you. Also great coverage of the Zenpad S. Great website!
Greatly appreciate the kind words. Makes it worth while when hearing from visitors like you!
Thank you for the detailed review! Would you recommend this for someone who would be using it heavily (college student writing for ~5 hours per day)? I’m thinking of purchasing this along with a Zenpad 3s Z500 as an iPad Pro/Apple Pencil substitute. Your advice would be greatly appreciated!
Thanks for your kind words. I think the best part of the Z Stylus is how Asus handles the accidental screen touches. That’s going to save you a lot of hassles although I haven’t used the Apple Pencil to compare the two experiences. Budget wise, the Z500M is a good choice. Depending on screen brightness you’re running at, I would consider a portable battery pack. But in terms of comparing the Asus combo to the Apple combo, I think it’s likely hard to match the Apple hardware. Asus is the more affordable choice. Perhaps even look at the Transformer Pro which has a slightly different stylus technology and may be more student/writing friendly. Thanks for visiting!
I wanted to use making PDF annotation and editing… will it do this?
By the way, does this pen model work on z500kl?
will it work on ASUS Q504UAK laptop ?
I just received my Asus ZenPad 3S 10 and purchased the Z-stylus also. I’m concerned about scratching my pretty, new device with the pen and also any jewelry I might be wearing while using the pen. Will this work with a screen protector?
Please help! I love the z stylus, when it works. It frequently stops working, sometimes for 10 minutes, then mysteriously starts working again. I’ve changed the batteries of course. ASUS said to reset my device back to factory settings but I’d rather avoid that route. Any thoughts? | 2019-04-20T04:21:05Z | http://www.zenpad.org/2016/05/z-stylus-review/ |
Using lessons learned, Simon will walk you though the confusing world of API's. Show you the issues many people encounter and show you how there is another way. A better way, where you can reduce risk, speed up your apps and separate business data/product data from application implementation. The web is overrun with API's. This causes big issues for companies that need to source their data from many different providers. Also providers come and go. A Unified API is a must for any business sourcing data from many places. Head to this session to find out why you might need a Unified API and how to log data from your Unified API so that you can trace issues when they occur. Simon will walk through mapping data to a common format so that all your Web Apps that consume your API get a standard reply regardless of where the data comes from and how to build a Unified API that can scale as your requests to it scale.
A.P.I. So just a bit of audience participation to start with.
How many people can raise their hands and say you're a back-end developer?
Or a systems architect or software engineer?
Great, so there's quite a few of you here.
those front end developers in the audience and also more business type people.
micro, back in the middle of the sort of 1980's.
And got really fired up about tech then.
of doing various development roles over the years.
and I work at a great place called Holiday Extras.
which will help lay the landscape for, sort of why I'm talking about APIs today.
and bring that back together through an API and provide e-commerce platforms.
breaks destination for our [UNKNOWN] of packages in London.
can give about 20 million pounds worth of revenue to hotel suppliers.
startup called MyDrive, and we've been going for a bit over a year now.
And we're building a mobile app to help people to learn to drive easier.
So looking at the pupil side of things.
me a deep and insightful knowledge of APIs.
most the audience already knows about APIs and knows what they can do.
But I think they're amazing things.
that I've walked just over 6000 steps yesterday because I wear a Fitbit.
the longitude and latitude of the location here.
So with, with all these open APIs, we can do some amazing things.
the future is mobile, or the future is social, or the future is cloud.
Now I'm not gonna deny that these things are in the future of the web.
If anything I think these things are very much now.
having to deal with social, we're having to deal with cloud.
But for me, the future really is about APIs, okay?
APIs I think are the biggest thing in the landscape of the future of the web.
And I think APIs are what earn the pin those three models.
I don't think we would have social without APIs.
do tweeting, all which interface with Twitter's API.
are done through the API, rather than the web client.
computing platform if it wasn't for having a great API.
And mobile apps, many of which interface with back ends that expose APIs.
So a little bit about what I'm gonna cover today.
had at Holiday Extras and explain those to you.
bad, that we came up with to solve the problems.
with APIs, talk about the technologies that we used.
And then tell you how you can do this too.
So I'm gonna start with the problem.
We had a number of problems at Holiday Extras, going back about 7 years.
in a very sort of traditional way, lots of PHP.
No APIs at the time.
we needed to deal with multiple sources of data.
and then we presented it out to the web.
our suppliers to interface directly with their systems.
talk with their own systems and this was a real problem for us.
To explain this in a bit more context Google, have had the same problem.
then on the right hand side, you get the Google knowledge base.
its information from IMDb, Rotten Tomatoes, Wikipedia.
Fact Book and Wikipedia, to source this information.
other people's APIs, and presenting it back out through their own.
deal with multiple consumers of our data.
mobile apps, web interfaces, all needing to source information from the same place.
seen a decline in desktop traffic and a rise in mobile.
year, we'll see mobile and tablet usage added together overtaking desktop use.
called MyDrive, and we've got this problem in our situation there.
information and a web app that needs to source the same information.
But we only want to put this information in one place.
We only want to put this business logic in one place.
was a single code base that did absolutely everything.
It was a sort of Swiss army knife where everything we did was in one application.
>> And we wanted to decouple things off so that we could re-use components more.
to deal with this stuff, they would rather their developers have less pain.
I've found a, well, me and my team have found a great solution to this problem.
a lot of people would have talked to you about speed.
up websites using things like Chrome developer tools.
the front end speed optimizations, the HTTP requests.
But we still had speed issues.
get prices for products and this can be very slow.
speed issues were actually in our back end architecture.
Once we'd sped up the front end, we still had a lot of issues at the back end.
some other people's slides the last few days.
their page load by 100 milliseconds, then there was a 1% reduction in revenue.
and saw 60 million more browser downloads that year.
So speed is a really, really big thing in the Web right now.
Scalability was a big issue for us.
technical architecture and we moved it into the cloud.
And we thought that would solve our scalability issues.
But our software, our architecture wasn't really written for the cloud.
And our software and architecture wasn't really scalable.
So it scoured our hardware, but we still had a software scaling issue.
Most of all, we wanted to be more efficient with our resource.
our workflow and be more efficient with our developers.
they were wasting a lot of time working with legacy formats and legacy systems.
want them doing when we wanted them innovating on new technology.
bit, and explain why I call this a unified API.
talk to you through the first solution we went through.
So, as I said before, about 7 years ago we had a web stack that looked like this.
PHP application layer and that talked to a legacy reservation system.
for hotels and presents that stock over XML back up to the web application layer.
had third parties that wanted to interface with us.
short breaks, packages, and we do a lot with airport hotels as well.
And so we had affiliates that wanted to have access to our product.
in PHP, and we exposed it as an API.
We just rewrote parts of it to try and expose an API.
And we still talk to our Legacy Reservation System.
And then as I said before, we needed to conchier multiple sources of data.
can't you come and get the stock out of our systems?
So well okay, what can we do here?
application and stuck that behind our legacy reservation system.
And our legacy reservation system at this time wasn't maintained by us.
written in a codebase that was about 20 years old.
And we did the same with the ticketing system, right?
started slotting more systems behind the hotel system.
do this, this is really important, this is bad architecture.
journey, which is why we got to the final solution I'm gonna talk you through.
So, when we realized that wasn't the best of things, we started scribbling.
And developers like to scribble lots.
If anyone's ever seen any of my scribbles, they're completely intangible.
But I like to draw a lot of boxes.
And we drew something like this.
So we have multiple consumers on the front end.
about yet, like emerging smart televisions, etc.
And on the back end we've got multiple supplies of data.
called and we realized that was the solution to everything.
unified API, and many components to the solution.
And the first one I want to talk to you about, is how we used it as a proxy.
So, as we saw before, many of you want to hide legacy systems.
And we had this same problem.
We didn't want to interface with our legacy systems over XML.
So, we used our API as a proxy.
website with web applications there and a legacy reservations system.
And we slotted in our unified API.
and nothing's being done in our new system.
go and get the availability of prices of hotels from our new system.
still doing 20 or 30 functions on the left hand side here.
one by one and moving them into our new system.
proxies, exposing Jason now, further up to the application layer.
now using newer technologies that we want to move towards.
We then moved on to trying to make it hierarchical.
So I talked earlier about scaling issues we had when we moved to the cloud.
this would to make our software stack hierarchical.
providing the same function or removing functions across.
But we could also use it to talk to 2 systems with a different function.
So, any of you familiar with sort of relational data basis?
information, and then join it to another table.
Well we were doing that sort of my sequel joined in our unified API.
hotel products with good prices out of our product API.
to our content API, and present information about those hotels.
our unified API and push it back up the stack.
And now, my product API becomes a unified API.
This becomes a proxy and proxies to hotels and tickets and transport APIs.
want to present hotel stock to us further down.
in, in web language is appropriate and hierarchically I can stack these systems.
guy called Fred George who talks a lot about micro-services architecture.
concept of building lots of small systems that do a single function.
army knife that does everything with a million line code face.
systems that have about 1,000 lines of code in or less.
So we only write a single system to perform a single function.
Now we liked this idea, this was a great idea.
But we thought that this micro services architecture was a bit disorganized.
We couldn't see how we could get the systems to talk to one another.
up with a diagram of it like this.
of our API, we need to authenticate these people.
So we scratched our heads and went away.
And realize that back to my earlier diagram again.
With our unified API, we can implement authentication once.
stack I don't need to implant authentication more than once.
allow the other systems to decide what level of access you should have.
So this was a big win for us.
And then we came to sort of standardizing payloads.
return you XML, and some of them return you JSON, and some of them involve SOAP.
You'll also hit a lot of formatting issues.
know, why do we use so many different date formats?
This, this problem was solved in the 80's.
There's an ISO date standard.
And why don't we all use it?
much everything: country codes, currency codes, dates.
project that he'd found it hard dealing with multiple data formats.
If you build a unified API, you can present out a single format.
So in our unified API we chose JSON.
We sat out of white board and we ignored all the systems we consumed.
And we drew what we thought a hotel model should look like.
the room type is, and we modeled up what this JSON payload looked like.
systems, we didn't care what they returned us.
We cleaned it up and pushed it back into our standardized model.
you didn't really need to worry about that.
array, out of our unified API, was standard and consistent.
Regardless of what the further down providers required.
web was going very much to sort of client side web applications.
and writing client side applications to consume their APIs.
us can open up the Chrome dev tools and start hacking the JSON that comes back.
you pass that JSON object back in on the book request.
can change the price or change other parts.
So for each object within our collections that we returned, we check some of them.
hotels, and each object would be starting with a checksum.
from Source Forge and places like that.
you to validate the, the payload of data was, was safe.
the model, and if it matches, things are good.
And if it doesn't we know things are bad.
a checksum algorithm and sort of still fake things that way.
is valid or is dirty in some ways being manipulated.
unified API, was dealing with our speed issues.
So, we knew that we could do this with caching and asynchronous requests.
But, we had to, sort of, think about how we were gonna go and do this.
before we built this unified API, it could take 3 or 4 seconds.
of these things were running one after the other, consuming a lot of time.
you know, and the possibilities are endless.
were now down to it being as slow as the slowest provider of stock.
Which in this case is 1.2 seconds from the hotels.
getting product availability data just by asynchronicly running my request.
savings we could possibly have made on the front end.
But that still wasn't good enough for us.
So 1.2 seconds is still too slow.
It's too slow to return product for the customer.
should cache as close to the customer as possible.
Try and cache as far up the stack as possible.
So the first thing we did is we got a cache on the front of our unified API.
go into Reddis, and we see if it's in there.
And if it's not, then we go and make the individual requests.
payload out the door, we stick it in a Reddis cache.
exactly the same request, we hear already's cached 0.04 seconds.
0.04 seconds return a payload of data back out of our API.
From 1.2 before and 3.7 before that.
So the benefits are massive here.
looked for, but the actual whole response wasn't the same.
so it'd miss the top cache but the ticket part is the same.
So we'd pull it out of ticket cache and do an individual hotel request.
sources, which we solved by building a unified API.
which we solved by building standardized payloads.
We wanted to decouple, so we looked at microservices architecture.
We wanted to hide legacy, so we used proxies to do that.
building that there were some considerations that came along.
big question about whether it should be open or commercial.
and make those companies well-known and popular.
make money, so we need our API to sell products.
And it's that product that makes the money that keeps the business going.
need to have one or the other, but I think that there's another way.
I think you can have commercial and open elements to your API.
your API, like we might expose our product information.
profits as well as the person consuming it.
need to keep your business running through the commercial side.
first things that comes along is the right way to rate limit.
a million developers out there start consuming your API.
like the Twitter API, and the Google API, is they've rate limited you.
If you want to call the GO API in Google.
You can do 1000 or so requests a day and then you're not allowed to do anymore.
Or you can buy for larger access.
you're gonna find that it actually causes you a scaling issue.
say like, this person's authenticated, they're [INAUDIBLE] right?
I'm gonna go into the database, increment there accounts for accessing today by one.
Check if their accounts has gone over the limit and come back out.
every single call that comes to your API.
And these database calls are very expensive.
the database and see if they're against their rate limit.
over their rate limit and warn them and just say, please don't do that again.
live every time they make a request if they've gone over their rate limit.
consumers, real time, to see if they've gone over their rate limit.
trust everybody else not to cheat the system.
So the other advantage about open APIs is it gives you unlimited pools of talent.
they had about 16 developers internally working on their API.
they had about 50 partners, each with their own development teams.
against their API to hundreds of developers.
And these hundreds of developers weren't on their payroll.
Surface or like Samsung building software for their smart television.
their payroll that was putting ESPN in front of the customer.
What greater way than to get your business out there?
is that sooner or later somethings gonna go wrong.
And when that happens, you need to debug things.
Now we thought about this up front and we pushed all our data into loggly.
So loggly's a cloud based logging solution.
We push every single request that comes into and out of our API into loggly.
And from there, we can debug things.
and I can see the booking request that came through the API.
And we actually use a session ID.
can actually see all the availability requests they did.
I can pretty much replay all the activity they did on our API.
about 3 gigabytes of JSON logs a day on our API.
Just about 30,000 unique payloads of data getting logged.
But they can easily be a lot larger than this.
the technology we used when we were building our APIs.
So we're big fans of the node at Holiday Extras.
We've been using node for about 2 and a half years now.
Since the early days, no Gess is awesome for building these unified APIs.
very easy to do things like Socket I-O if you want to do that.
We built on the express framework.
to a couple and do what is scaling automatically.
overnight, as we get you know time zone variances.
And we use Loggly for our cloud based logging.
So, keep it simple if you're gonna build a unified API.
You know these standards on the left are going out of favor.
People don't use SOAP anymore, XML's dying off.
You know, build a restful API, use [UNKNOWN] and do JSON.
Stick to the standards that are emerging.
It will help if you want more people to consume your API.
applications written in backbone, angular, ember.
All of these things are very easy to write applications that consume JSON.
So, cloud based logging, logging rocks.
surname and I can backtrack through this and see it.
but there's some great solutions out there like sumo logic and log stash.
Apache logs or your PHP logs or your my sequel logs into them.
file on disk, at 1 gigabyte a day is useless.
You can't search the thing, you can't find out what's going wrong.
find out how many 404 errors you had served by Apache yesterday verses today.
So, cloud-based logging is absolutely awesome.
Now with all I told you what we're using, language doesn't really matter.
It doesn't really matter what language you choose to use.
You can build these APIs in anything.
actually, language gives you a lot of flexibility.
actually writing software to do one function.
for that function, you can use that language.
language for that, you can use a completely different language there.
that rock might require a certain type of technology.
So no SQL solutions and the language is good for that.
better in a different language and using different database technologies.
your micro service, coupling it with the right data store.
If you want to access the data that a service owns, you talk to the service API.
No services cross talk to one another's databases.
And you can use any language you want.
and you think you wanna re-implement this yourselves.
So where can you start in your businesses?
So, one of the best places to start is what do you hate?
back to your workplace, what do you hate at the moment?
Do you hate the legacy system you interface with?
Do you hate that you have to deal with SOAP?
mash up API's client side using jQuery, Ajax, or Backbone?
and bake that into your first version of unified API.
as simple as sort of 16 or 18 lines of no JS.
few minutes, and start implementing it straight away.
Where were you going as a business?
What's the challenges that are on the horizon?
sort of architecture allow you to sell those?
Think about which public APIs you can leverage.
gonna do something in the Geospace, talk to Twitter's Geo API.
If you want to pull in the weather, throw it on MyDrive application.
We display the weather to the, both the mobile app and to the website.
unified API, which talks to Yahoo's weather API.
don't need to roll a new version of the mobile app.
hiding it all behind our proxied, unified API.
value, there's gonna be people wanting to use it.
product, then people and gonna need access.
API, and how it's gonna have to scale.
afterwards that talks about getting the developer experience right.
to consume, there's the right way to document it.
recent years about well documented and badly documented APIs.
do a lot of work about getting the API experience right.
is a lot, lot better now.
Us developers like good documentation.
and be able to get something consuming an API instantly.
So, if you plan on exposing your API, bake in good documentation.
So that just leaves me with some take aways for you.
Consume your own APIs, so eat your own dog food.
I love the fact that GitHub uses GitHub to build GitHub, you know?
Atlassian uses Jira to build Jira, and there's many more examples of this.
said talk about solving problems that you have.
So, build API's for your internal team to consume.
Build API's that you want to use, and then worry about other people using them later.
So, solve your own problems first, with API's.
to be an extensible programmable platform, would you?
And yet, Amazon went on to, build the sort of Cloud computing that is AWS.
at Google when he compared the experience at them both.
an API, the only way teams are going to interact is by APIs.
and that's the way all the sub teams in Amazon need to work.
This happened back in the sort of mid 2000s, and Amazon went and did that.
to switch that externally facing, and hey presto we've got cloud computing.
So, I believe the future of web apps is unified APIs.
API, that it can take your business to the next level.
I believe it's the underpinning for everything in the web.
It's the underpinning for where we're going with mobile, social and cloud.
So, we're hiring at the moment.
on bit.ly/unifiedapi as well as all my footnotes and my talk.
If you have any questions then hit me up on Twitter. | 2019-04-24T12:53:37Z | https://teamtreehouse.com/library/how-to-build-a-unified-api |
Interviewer: Welcome. I'm Jacqueline Persons. I'm Director of the Cognitive Behavior Therapy and Science Center, which is a small group private practice in Oakland, California. I'm also a Clinical Professor in the Psychology Department at UC Berkeley. I'm here today with Michelle Craske who is a Professor of Psychology, Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Director of the Anxiety and Depression Research Center, and Associate Director of the Staglin Family Music Center for Behavioral and Brain Health, all at the University of California at Los Angeles. Thank you so much Dr. Craske for giving us your time here today for this discussion.
Dr. Craske: You are very welcome.
Interviewer: I’m meeting with Dr. Craske as part of the series titled Translating Science to Practice that is hosted by and developed by the Society for Science of Clinical Psychology. The goal of our series is to help clinicians access and use findings from basic science to guide their clinical work. We’re here today to take up the question, “What do the latest findings in extinction learning and memory mean for clinicians who are doing the exposure-based treatments for patients with anxiety disorders?” Our discussion focuses on an article published in Behaviour Research and Therapy in 2014. It’s titled Maximizing Exposure Therapy: An Inhibitory Learning Approach. Let me acknowledge Dr. Craske’s co-authors, Michael Treanor, Christopher Conway, Tomislav Zbozinek, and Bram Vervliet. Published in Behaviour Research and Therapy in 2014, did I say that? This is a fabulous article. It’s really important for clinicians who are doing exposure-based therapy to know what it says. At the same time, it’s a very rich article. I have read it about three times and I learned new things from it every day, so I highly recommend it. We’ve posted a link to give you access to it on the SSCP webpage. And we’ll host a listserve discussion following this interview. And I'm looking forward to having a chance to ask Dr. Craske a bunch of questions about it that were developed by our committee on Science and Practice. So, thank you again, Dr. Craske. Could I ask you to start by giving us a summary or a description of the inhibitory learning model account of exposure treatment?
Dr. Craske: Certainly. So the inhibitory learning model account, as you indicated, derives from principles of associative learning through fear conditioning and extinction, which is where exposure therapy was first born. But it takes into account the more recent developments in learning theory, which basically posit that as an individual proceeds through extinction or, in this case, the clinical proxy of extinction, which is exposure, new learning is taking place. And what is most critical is that that new learning, which we call inhibitory learning, is competing with the original learning, which we call excitatory learning. So, for example, if an individual had acquired a fear of dogs as a result of being bitten by a dog, the original excitatory learning is that this person perceives dogs as being threatening because they could bite. As the individual goes through exposure therapy, the new inhibitory learning is that not all dogs bite or this particular dog won’t bite or there is some other meaning that is associated with dogs that’s not as threatening. Now, here’s the important point. That new inhibitory learning is somewhat fragile. And therefore, the goal of exposure therapy is to develop that new inhibitory learning into the most powerful potent kind of learning that we can, so that it will be -- it will resist the tendency to fall apart over time. And so, in our model of inhibitory learning, we’re targeting ways to enhance the strength of the learning that happens during exposure therapy and ways of trying to retrieve it in the future so that it remains potent and doesn’t fall into what is called the secondary stages and be less competitive with the original excitatory learning.
Interviewer: So thank you. That’s very helpful. So, this might be not such an easy question to answer. But would -- how is this model different from the models that many of us were trained with-- habituation models or emotional processing models? What do you see as the key differences in this newer model?
Dr. Craske: Right. So, when I think of the inhibitory learning model, there are three basic principles that sort of drive the model. One is, as I said, exposure is a learning process. And so, what is critical for this to work is to identify for each person, as they are coming in for treatment, what is it that they need to learn. So it’s very much focused on a functional analysis of what that person needs to learn. And how to then design the exposure in a way that will maximize the strength of that learning, as I just described it. And then third, that -- while the reduction of fear throughout exposure therapy typically does occur, in and of itself, fear reduction may not be the index of whether this new learning is actually happening and how strong that new learning will be in the future. So that -- those are the principles. Now, let's see how does this differ from the two basic models of habituation and emotional processing theory. So clearly, habituation models of exposure therapy focus on fear reduction or reducing the strength of the fear response as the person proceeds through exposure therapy. And that’s why -- when I was initially trained too, the goal was have the individual stay in the exposure situation until fear declines.
Dr. Craske: So that was the kind of clinical law, right?
Dr. Craske: And with the idea being that if it doesn’t decline, then maybe you're doing something terribly wrong.
Interviewer: Or maybe they're not learning anything.
Dr. Craske: Or maybe they're not learning anything. In the inhibitory learning model, fear reduction, in and of itself is not the primary driving force of how to do exposure therapy. But it may happen and it usually does happen, but it doesn’t have to be the case. So, in many experimental studies that we’ve conducted, fear does not habituate throughout the given exposure trial, and yet the person is doing well in the long term. So I think we’ve tended to shift away from the fear reduction, in and of itself, with the basic notion being if -- for a given person -- what they may need to learn is something independent that of -- where the fear reduces. They may need to learn, in fact, that they can survive fear being elevated for prolonged periods of time, and in that case, fear reduction would not be a good goal because they're not learning what they need to learn. Emotional processing theory, which, you know, is a magnificent theory, in many ways, and I think it’s been useful in moving our field forward in a providing framework, has -- In the way I see it, emotional processing theory has two components. It has, first of all, the habituation component, which is that you want fear to habituate within the given trial of exposure. That’s called within-session habituation. Then you want fear to habituate across trials of exposure, that’s between-session habituation, and then that allows corrective learning to take place, which is a shift in the person’s meaning that they give to the stimulus, whether they now see the stimulus as less dangerous or less overwhelming. That second component, the corrective learning component, has more to do, or I see that has much more overlap with this inhibitory learning model approach. The initial component of fear habituation has much less to do with the inhibitory learning approach.
Interviewer: I see. Thank you. So now, I -- you’ve already said a lot of the key points here. So maybe you’ve already answered this question, but it would be fun to hear from you for the clinical audience, what do you see as the, say, three main take home messages that you want clinicians to learn from reading this article and learning the inhibitory learning model?
Dr. Craske: Okay. Yes. I think the three main messages are, as you start to work with an individual and you start to design an exposure practice, instead of thinking, “How do I get rid of the fear? How do I lessen the person’s fear?” shift your attention over to, “What does this person really need to learn in order to eventually be less afraid or more able to function in their life?” And so that’s the first question. What do they really need to learn that’s currently driving them to be so fearful and so avoidant that in the -- that will eventually result in improvement in their distress and functioning, that’s first.
Interviewer: So that’s -- now, it would be an individualized case conceptualization of what is the key thing this person is not understanding and needs to understand.
Dr. Craske: Secondly, how can I design the exposure experience to maximally benefit that learning? So again, instead of focusing on, “Let's do the exposures in such a way that fear declines,” it’s more about what experience will most -- violate is the word we use, it’s an interesting word, but -- most violate that person’s current expectancies. So if they're perceiving that they cannot tolerate a certain experience because -- whether it’d be the length of time they're in a situation or what kind of activity they're engaging in within the situation -- what kind of sensations they're experiencing in the moment of that situation. Whatever it is that they perceive as being their boundaries that they can get so far that they can't go beyond that boundary, because if they go beyond that boundary, something terrible is going to happen, then we need -- we think we need to design the exposure to go beyond their perceived boundaries in order to violate their expectancy of what they think is going to happen. So that’s the second main point. And then the third main point -- so just a summary. The first one is think about what an individual needs to learn. Second is design the exposure to maximally violate their expectancy in order to create the most potent learning possible. And then third, remember that learning is probably taking place, not only during the time that you’re with that client as they're going through exposure, but in the hours and days afterwards as well. And that period of consolidation, as we call it, is just as critical as in the moment. Hence, how much their fear has reduced in a moment is not really a good index because it’s not tapping into the underlying mechanisms of learning, which probably are going on for the hours and weeks in between of the exposure sessions. So we need to think, you know, learning is an implicit process. It’s happening all of the time, and how do we structure experience around that.
Interviewer: So that last idea suggests that a better index of what the patient learned from the session might be obtained at the beginning of that following session rather than at the end of the session that you are just conducting? Is it?
Dr. Craske: Exactly. Exactly, that when we’re thinking about how well the person has actually learned and consolidated that learning, we’re thinking about the follow-up, whether that’d be at the next session or, you know, a month after the end of treatment. It’s always the longevity of the learning that’s most critical to the individual’s, you know, future symptomatic stages. So, yeah. The end of the session is not -- the end of an exposure session is just an index of what they performed in a moment. The learning is tested at later point in time.
Interviewer: Yes. So these are very helpful ideas. Thank you. So, another question that flows out of what you're telling us is that, as clinicians, we need to think a little more carefully. And perhaps, you can help us think about how we’re going to orient the patient to the treatment, because usually the patient wants to reduce or eliminate the anxiety or distress. And our earlier approach to exposure focused very directly on that goal, including within the session. Now, we’re not so focused on that goal. And in the article, you used the word toleration. We’re more focus on learning and we’re less focused on experiencing less anxiety. So then, we need to think a little more carefully about how we’re going to orient the patient and sell the patient on the treatment. I'm hoping you can give us your thoughts about that issue.
Dr. Craske: That’s right. That’s right. And I think it’s true for a clinicians as well as patients.
Interviewer: That’s a very good point.
Dr. Craske: Everybody wants the fear to go away.
Interviewer: We do. We do. The therapist also wants it to go away.
Dr. Craske: Yeah, because it feels better. We don’t like to see people in distress.
Interviewer: And we don’t want to be in distress ourselves either.
Dr. Craske: Exactly, exactly. So it’s very much about that functional analysis that, is the case, conceptualization idea that you brought up before, Jackie. It’s really helping the therapist to gear themselves toward, you know, what is it that the client is needing to learn in order to really have a long-term learning that persists. And then for the client, it’s helping them to understand, “Okay. So when you. . . ” Let's take, for example, an individual who has social anxiety, and what they're most concerned about is being rejected because they perceive if that they are rejected, then they won’t be able to ever establish any relationships in the future because they are unlikeable and unworthy. If the focus is upon fear reduction, that might mean that they're asked to go into a social situation and stay there until they feel comfortable. So they’ll go into the social event and have, you know, try to interact with people until they feel comfortable, their fear goes down, and then what have they learned? Okay, I can be in a situation and my fear declines. But have they learned anything about the concept of rejection? And so -- not necessarily. So what, you know, what may be more effective for that individual is to realize that I can actually experience rejection and go on and interact with another person and not be rejected, or I can experience rejection and follow-up with more social interactions that provide positive reinforcement -- that, in other words, a rejection does not lead to never being in a satisfying relationship. And of course, I'm speaking, you know, this would take a lot of careful analyses on how to set this up. But what we would help the client understand is, boy, it sounds like you're fearful that by being rejected, it’s going to mean that you'll never have any relationships. So wouldn't it be useful? Wouldn't it be powerful for you to learn that a rejection does not actually relate to never being in a relationship? How can we design an experience for you to learn that? How could we set up something so that you could see that a one-time rejection doesn’t mean what you're thinking it means? So that’s the way we try to present it to the client.
Interviewer: So what that boils down to is spending time laying out the conceptualization to the clients and getting the clients on board. So they totally understand what it is they need to accomplish in therapy to solve their problems so that, that increases their willingness to do the difficult tasks of therapy.
Dr. Craske: That’s right. That’s right. And of course, that, you know, is very similar, in some ways, to a cognitive therapy or a behavioral testing model of doing exposure therapy. And there are some overlaps between the inhibitory learning model and that cognitive approach, especially in that initial rationale because we are saying to the client, “What is it that you're expecting to happen?” Helping the client recognize that the experience that would disconfirm that expectancy would be particularly potent for them. If they have an experience that is okay but it doesn’t really tap into that expectancy, it’s not going to be as potent. So we just have them bind into the idea that we want them to have the best learning possible that’s most suited their needs and then actually going ahead, of course, in doing the exposure in such a way that it helps to violate that expectancy. Now, if they said that my fear is going to be very high, then we’ll come back to say, “How is that going to influence this expectancy?” So, sometimes the expectancy is tied directly to the fear and the person might say, “If I'm afraid and if I experience fear for a long enough period of time, then I'm going to collapse.” Okay, then we will need to design an exposure that helps to violate that expectancy. Let's design an exposure that sustains your fear for a prolonged period of time to test out whether you will collapse or not. Again, helping the client recognize that if we can violate that belief at that moment, then there will be potent learning taking place.
Interviewer: Which will ultimately reduce the anxiety they're experiencing on a daily basis.
Dr. Craske: Exactly. Yeah. So the long-term outcome is fear reduction. We’re not asking people just, you know, tolerate fear. You know -- you're always going to be afraid and tolerate it. No, we’re saying there's a value to tolerating fear in the presence of exposure trials for the long-term reduction of fear.
Interviewer: Right, and for the learning needed to get the long-term reduction. Yeah.
Interviewer: So now, a moment ago, you alluded to. . . And I would love to talk more about the relationship between doing a behavioral experiment, you know, the cognitive model. And there's a fabulous book about behavioral experiments. That edited book by James Bennett-Levy, which lays out in detail, how to test beliefs by doing behavioral experiments. And there seems quite a bit of overlap between that approach and the inhibitory learning model. And I would love to hear from you about similarities and differences of those two approaches.
Dr. Craske: Definitely, yeah. There is a lot of overlap between the two, but there are also large differences both conceptually and in terms of therapeutic strategy. So if we start with the conceptual side of things, clearly, the behavioral testing model, which derives from this cognitive theory and cognitive therapy models, is all about disconfirming erroneous beliefs through logic and reasoning and then extending that through behavioral testing. Whereas, conceptually, the inhibitory learning model is starting from the premise that there is an excitatory or threat-laden and memory that’s being formed and the goal of exposure therapy is to develop an inhibitory memory that will then compete with the excitatory memory. The excitatory memory, the original fear memory, is very powerful and it generalizes widely. So we know from a lot of the basic science around fear acquisition and learning and memory that that first fear memory is potent and widely generalizeable, whereas the secondary memory that’s being formed as a result of this new learning experience in exposure therapy is fragile. It does not generalize. And that is why we need to do all of these additional things to try to enhance its strength over time. So, what I'm saying is that at a conceptual level, these are different approaches. The cognitive model comes from, you know, beliefs that are erroneous and need to be corrected. The inhibitory learning model is coming from a process model of how learning and memory is formed and how is it retrieve at different points in time.
Interviewer: Though, could I say something here? So, is it accurate or would you view it as accurate to say that in the inhibitory learning model, we’re not so much focused on correcting inaccurate beliefs as we are on creating new beliefs that compete with the older beliefs that are causing the anxiety?
Dr. Craske: Or erasing a former action. So that’s the guiding principle of the inhibitory learning model, how do we make that competition between the original memory and the new learning memory, such that the newer memory wins and shines.
Interviewer: So there’s an article by Brewin on this view of cognitive therapy as well, where he’s talking about teaching new beliefs that win the retrieval competition.
Dr. Craske: Yes, yes. So it’s very much tied in with cognitive science. And of course he’s very much a cognitive scientist. So that’s the, just personally that’s the kind of -- what excites me is where we can pull upon the science of how, you know in learning and memory, the basic fundamental processes, and how do we incorporate that into how we think about during the exposure therapy.
Dr. Craske: And then the other difference, so that’s more the conceptual side of things, in terms of the actual therapeutic strategy, from the inhibitory learning model approach, one principle that’s worth revisiting is that the more that the experience of exposure disconfirms an expectancy that the person has (and that expectancy could be explicit or implicit --the more that the experience disconfirms that expectancy, the greater the learning that takes place. Now that’s also a fundamental principle of learning, that we do not learn when what we experienced is completely in line with what we thought it was going to be. Learning is facilitated by, “Oh that’s new, that’s different, that wasn’t quite what I thought.
Interviewer: Not what I expected.
Dr. Craske: That’s not what I expected, right. So, the more we can help clients be willing to engage in an experience that yields an outcome that’s not really what they thought was going to happen, the better. That means that if we do cognitive restructuring as a therapeutic strategy prior to going into exposure therapy, we are potentially undercutting the value of experience, because we want the experience itself to stand out as a surprise. So let’s say I have somebody who has panic disorder, and they’re thinking that they’re going to go crazy if they experience, you know bodily sensations of unreality. If I spend a lot of time before they do exposure therapy, helping them to realize, you know, the chances of you actually going crazy are very slim, you know let’s look at all the data and help you to form different ways of thinking so that you can go into the exposure therapy, realizing you’re probably not going to go crazy, the chances are very low, then theoretically that means the experience of exposure won’t be so surprising for them, and it won’t give them that potent learning. And so that’s what we now do is, we shift the cognitive restructuring phase, really to after the exposure rather than before. And that’s different, that’s a key therapeutic difference between a behavioral testing model and an inhibitory learning model.
Interviewer: So now, well I heard you say “theoretically” when you were describing. So I was wondering if in actual practicality sometimes a certain amount of cognitive restructuring is needed in order to help the person be willing to do the exposure. Because if I literally think that I am going to have a heart attack, then I’m probably not going to be willing to do the exposure.
Dr. Craske: That’s right, that’s right. And of course it comes down to what is the person willing to do. So, methodologically, you know, first of all we establish: what is it that you’re most afraid of happening? Then we design the optimal exposure to test that out and if the person says I’m willing to go into the optimal exposure which might be, I’m going to travel by a plane to another country on my own without any Zanax or any kind of medication, then that is the optimal exposure for that person.
Interviewer: I understand, that would be the optimal learning experience for that person.
Dr. Craske: If that’s what they needed to do in order to really violate their expectancy that they’re going to die if they’re on their own in an unfamiliar place. Then we would say: What are you willing to test out? And so we might have to back down from the optimal exposure to something that they’re willing to do, and constantly reinforcing the idea that their expectancy of that bad event happening is clearly preventing them from learning something new and how can we design experiences to help them learn something new? And of course by doing this, we as therapists are conveying a sense that this is safe, because we would never be asking our clients to do anything that’s dangerous. So clients are clearly going to be absorbing that notion that this is okay to do. So I think there’s probably unavoidably some level of thought reappraisal happening. It’s just that we don’t spend time doing time formal cognitive restructuring.
Interviewer: And you do the minimum amount of that needed to get the person to have the experiential learning. So the goal is experiential learning.
Interviewer: Now the other difference from cognitive therapy is that of course this notion of violating expectancies which overlaps with behavioral testing is only one part of the inhibitory learning model. We have a number of other strategies that all derived from this concept: how do you strengthen that inhibitory learning that’s going on during exposure, because it is always going to be more fragile than the original learning. And so we have a number of other strategies such as deepened distinction that comes from the basic science of extinction, it’s how to use multiple cues at the same time so if somebody’s – we’ll take a simple example -- if somebody is fearful of spiders, how do we have not just exposure to a single spider but exposure to a single spider followed by the introduction of the second spider. There’s some value to that because it’s going to help the person lift up their expectancy again, “Oh oh no another spider maybe I’m going to be bitten again.” And that expectancy now has been lifted up to such a degree that the learning is going to be maximized because, as I said before, when there’s no expectancy of a threatening event, theoretically no learning is going to be taking place. So we always want to raise the expectancy and then violate it by the experience. And so having multiple cues at one time is one way of doing that. We do a lot of work on how to attend to the stimulus so keeping a person’s attention focused on where they are and what they’re doing and what they’re facing because the attention is critical to learning. We would introduce something called variability throughout exposure which means that we might vary up the length of time of that person’s conducting an exposure or the order in which they conduct the exposures or the type of stimuli. So a very common example for us is when we’re working with socially anxious individuals is to have them approach, go out into our campus around us and approach 30 different people, of all different types and ask them all different questions rather than approaching the same kind of person and asking the same question over and over again, because variability enhances the storage of new learning. It enhances the capacity of that new learning to be encoded and then retrieved later. And so all these are the strategies, and that’s only some of them that fit in to this sort of approach to exposure, which is a learning based approach, and that make it a different model than a cognitive therapy behavioral testing model. But there definitely are overlaps as well.
Interviewer: I see. So could you say a little more about attention, because as all of us clinicians know, often patients use distraction to tolerate uncomfortable situations and then as a clinician we need to be clear in understanding, is that a good idea or not? And I think, understanding more about how you’re thinking about the importance of attention and what’s being learned would help guide clinicians here.
Dr. Craske: Right. Definitely from a basic learning model, what we are aiming to do is to help the client understand that this stimulus, and the stimulus might be an internal sensation or external event or activity or situation. To learn that this stimulus is not a predictor of the bad thing that they were anticipating or expecting to happen, then it’s critical that attention be directed to the stimulus that they have their expectancy based on. That’s really very, very important. Now I know because over the years I myself have done some of the studies on distraction. What happens when you distract? What happens when you lose attention? I think sometimes distraction can be part of an exposure therapy practice if it’s going to be helpful to allowing the person to learn what they need to learn. So let’s say it’s -- I’m going to be in a situation and distract from the fact, not distract, I’m going to shift my attention onto another element in the situation in order to learn that having this physical sensation – no, I just made that confusing. Distraction can be useful to the degree that it facilitates whatever it is that that person needs to learn, but in that scenario you always want to bring them back to what is the stimulus that they distract me from and I haven’t made that very clear, I am terribly sorry. But attention to the stimulus facilitates learning and if we distract totally from that stimulus then there wouldn’t be any learning taking place.
Interviewer: Right, if the person has the fear -- if my heart rate goes up really fast, I’ll have a panic attack and I’ll die of a heart attack then during the exposure we would want to focus their attention on how was your heart rate, go -- doing? Is it going up? Is it like that?
Dr. Craske: Right, right. Now if they said: I’m afraid that if I shift my attention over to this conversation then there’s definitely a chance that I’m going to have a heart attack because I’m not effectively monitoring my heart rate.
Then in that case you may want to test out, we’ll let see what happens when you distract.
Dr. Craske: So that’s the part that I was getting confused on before, on how to use distraction as a tool. But the eventual result would be I’m testing out whether distraction from a physical sensation leads to a negative outcome.
Interviewer: So the core thing that the therapist always wants to be anchoring to guide the intervention is what is this person afraid of? And what does this person need to learn in order to get a new idea that inhibits the old idea?
Dr. Craske: Yes exactly. Okay.
Interviewer: Okay. So then I would to talk for a moment about safety behaviors because of course we’ve all been taught that we should all work to be dropping out the safety behaviors. At the same time if I listen to the focus on the conceptualization, I could imagine that a patient might have the idea. If I go out by myself on an airplane trip I’ll have a panic attack, I’ll have a heart attack and I’ll die and that’s true even if I have a bottle of Zanax in my pocket. In that case, could we agree that doing the exposure with the bottle of Zanax in the pocket would still provide a learning experience for this patient and so therefore might not be contraindicated using that way of thinking about how we design the exposure?
Dr. Craske: Right. So in that case the primary expectancy that the person’s dealing with is a fear of having a heart attack and dying.
Dr. Craske: The safe -- the quote safety signal of the Zanax is not having any predictive relationship with that outcome, right? And because it’s not in any form -- it’s not having an associative relationship, it doesn’t actually matter.
Interviewer: Yes I see. Well often patients have what seem to be sort of magically associating, and they’ll tell you logically it doesn’t make any sense, but I feel more comfortable if I have it.
Dr. Craske: If that were the case, what makes you feel more comfortable about having that element with you? What is it doing to your expectancy about having a heart attack. If it does come down to, well I think it actually prevents me from panicking and if I don’t panic then I’m not going to have a heart attack then it is serving as a safety signal and that will interfere with effective learning. And so whenever the object that they perceive as being a safety signal changes the expectancy of the outcome, it will interfere with corrective learning. It will interfere with the development of inhibitory learning. Does that make sense?
Interviewer: Yes it does, yes it does.
Dr. Craske: So that’s what I’m always coming back to the question: what is this object’s function? How is it functioning for you and what role does the object play for you when you carry it with you?
Interviewer: Right and what’s the relationship between having that object and your expectancy of about what’s going to happen if you do or do not have it.
Dr. Craske: Right, exactly and not so much about whether I’ll be safe or not, but what is the expectancy of being fearful?
Interviewer: The expectancy of danger, okay that’s helpful. Well it’s helpful to have this kind of conceptual clarity for the therapist. It guides our decision making about what interventions to do and all the details of how to structure it.
Interviewer: So now I’m thinking about certain patients who have OCD and generalized anxiety disorder, and what they have is intolerance of uncertainty. And then I’m trying to figure out how to take those concerns and use them in this model -- - and I’m sure you’ve thought about that.
Dr. Craske: Right, right. So in a couple of ways, in one way it’s certainly -- with a patient with obsessive compulsive disorder for example then they could have an expectancy that’s so far off in the future that it cannot possibly be tested by exposure therapy, such as if I touch this dirty door handle, then I’ll die from cancer 20 years from now.
Dr. Craske: So we can’t test that out in that an exposure format, but we can test out the notion that are you willing to tolerate that discomfort and function at other tasks despite not knowing whether you will die or not 20 years from now. So it’s a toleration, it’s an expectancy associated with the uncertainty as you’ve just said. So, in those cases we design exposures around, let’s test out whether you can tolerate the anxiety or tolerate the uncertainty with the notion that if you perceive the anxiety or uncertainty to be inherently aversive, then it’s a type of expectancy. So you’re saying the client is predicting that I expect that I cannot tolerate that level of uncertainty or that level of distress, then we would test that out. Let’s see if we can actually have you engaged in this task induce the uncertainty and the distress and see what happens. This is very similar to what I think a lot of people already do in fact with those kinds of exposures.
Interviewer: Yes, yes. Thank you. So, now one of the parts of the article that I had trouble with was the idea of that occasional reinforced trials can be therapeutic.
Dr. Craske: Yes this is a complicated one and still needing a lot more research, but let’s see if I can explain this. So in the experimental sense what this means is that by providing occasional aversive outcomes as the person’s going through extinction or exposure, what’s happening is that the person’s expectancy of having a negative outcome of course is being raised up, because they actually are sometimes having negative outcomes.
Dr. Craske: … and it’s violated. Now it’s tricky but I think the best sort of clinical translation is social anxiety. And the reason for that is that the person’s expectancy is of social rejection, which is a negative outcome.
Interviewer: It is aversive for all of us.
Dr. Craske: It does happen, it’s part of our daily life. So it’s not unreasonable to deliberately include social rejection in exposure practice. And the idea being, that if occasional social rejections happen then the person’s expectancy of, “Oh no I’m going to get rejected again.” has been raised.
Dr. Craske: And then they’re going to the next social situation and they don’t get rejected and they’ll have the experience of, “Oh I just now realized that, yes I expected to get rejected and I wasn’t on this trial.” So they’re learning: “It’s not always the case that I get rejected.” And that learning is going to be more potent than if they were never rejected, that’s the idea.
Interviewer: I understand. So it builds, so it’s really taking a long view and working to build resilience.
Dr. Craske: That’s a good way of thinking about it. In fact, in our experimental work on this topic, that’s exactly how we looked at it, because it seemed that after going through that kind of training with their occasional negative outcomes, the person really seem to be naturally blasé about it.
Dr. Craske: I do not die and it also means that it’s not true for every situation.
Interviewer: Yup. Sometimes it happens, sometimes it doesn’t.
Dr. Craske: Right. So, as I say, I think that’s most appropriate for social anxiety and maybe for panic attacks too but of course not appropriate for actual traumas. Certainly we would not want to re-traumatize people.
Interviewer: Yes, very helpful. Could I ask one final question, which is about affect labeling which of course I’m sure we could talk for a long time about, but -- could I ask you just to say a few minutes about how does affect labeling fit into exposure treatment?
Dr. Craske: Right. Affect labeling is coming from a slightly different direction of research, but the basic notion is that by using linguistic or verbal processing of emotional states or emotion stimuli, we develop inhibitory pathways at the neuro level, at the brain level, based on the basic experimental work. In exposure therapy, what it means is we encourage people to simply state their emotional experience or describe the stimulus in terms of how they perceiving it in an emotional way, for example, I feel anxious. This situation scares me.
Interviewer: The spider. The spider looks dangerous.
Dr. Craske: The spider looks dangerous. So it’s clearly not cognitive restructuring, there is no reappraisal going on, it’s just labeling the emotion. Now when I use this clinically I’m very much using it in a toleration of the situation, a toleration of the experience. So I’m feeling anxious and I’m here.
Dr. Craske: “I’m scared, but I’m going into it anyway” kind of idea. And it also fits quite well with the notion of attention. So it takes me to what I’m doing and not distracting. And the person who can really embrace that concept is probably doing it a little bit of the acceptance notion, too. I’m accepting my emotional states rather than trying to change it. So it fits with a lot of different conceptual models and clinically I personally think it works very well.
Interviewer: So here there’s a -- maybe we’ll just make a final comment, there’s a fit with Acceptance and Commitment Therapy I assume is part of what you’re referring to?
Dr. Craske: Yes indeed. Yes.
Interviewer: I have to tell you how much I learned from this discussion, how much I appreciate your time, Doctor Craske. And we all thank you so much both for your work on these important issues and for giving us your time here today too.
1. Maximizing Exposure Therapy for Anxiety Disorders - Michelle Craske, Ph.D., interviewed by Jacqueline Persons, Ph.D. | 2019-04-22T06:22:47Z | http://www.sscpweb.org/page-18148 |
Las Alegrias is a spacious, thoughtfully renovated villa. With 4-5 beds/5 bath/1-2 living-rooms it offers contemporary fixtures and fittings; sturdy, handsome furniture; v.well equipped kitchen; 2 fridge-freezers. Webber Gas and charcoal BBQs. WiFi/Sat TV using Android/DVD. Extensive, comprehensive Library. Darts/Games. Large walled/private/gated/terraced swimming-pool - children friendly. Tiled dining table, lots of loungers and chairs, all with cushions. Choices of sunbathing/shade/dining areas. Sun terrace with dining table for 10 swing-seat and comfy seating. Hammock with shading in garden. Upstairs terrace. Plenty of space throughout house and garden to spread yourselves out.
The air quality is superb. Explore valley river-beds and stunning mountain passes with glorious views. Birds galore. Elusive Mountain Ibex. Walking, biking, pony/horse-trekking. Visit whitewashed, cobbled, Alpujarran Moorish villages. Taste local tapas and wines in the areas' amazing choice of bars/restaurants. Golf courses are easily accessible. 40 mins north lies terrific site-seeing and shopping in Granada, with its unmissable Alhambra Palace and the ski resort above on the highest Spanish mountain range, the Sierra Nevada. 30 mins south lies the Costa Tropical with beaches ranging from secluded coves to large resorts.
Las Alegrias is an idyllic place to enjoy a superbly relaxing holiday. We have worked over the last 14 years to create somewhere you can thoroughly enjoy. We have a delightful Spanish couple looking after the house. Sergio has created a lovely garden and ensures the swimming pool is sparklingly clean. His wife Celia creates a neat, tidy and clean environment for you to feel at home in as soon as you arrive. She buys you a welcome 'pack' of eggs, bread, butter, milk, water, beer and wine so there will be one meal for you in case you arrive after shops have closed. On the wide terrace around the crystal clear, private swimming pool are comfortable loungers, a dining table and lots of chairs. The views all around you are both magnificent and delightful. You can gently swing on the hammock shaded by a cane awning whilst drifting into an after lunch doze, with the sounds of the countryside as your lullaby.
To save you having to drive, you are in walking distance (2 minutes) from two good restaurants where you can have a drink and tapas, order a take-away, or sit and relax with a delicious meal. This makes your life very easy if you don't want to bother cooking or BBQing. Alternatively, a 5 minute drive, or 15 minute stroll up to Orgiva town allows you a large choice of cafes, restaurants and tapas bars.
Hello. I am Caroline married to David. David is retired editor/journalist with the Racing Post and I'm a psychotherapist. I love creating comfort with a bit of style in our home and spent pleasurable times seeking out things to enhance it . David is passionate about music, especially classical and jazz. We both love reading. The villa has a large, diverse library of books, CDs and DVDs. We live in a cottage in Hampshire overlooking fields with horses and pheasants roaming around. We have a cat called Fred. When I was 53 I fell ill and we decided that, should I be unable to work, we needed to think about how to fund ourselves without my financial input. So we decided to buy somewhere nice for ourselves to enjoy and to rent out. One year later I was well again and we had found these wonderful Alpujarran mountains in Andalucia. Soon after we bought a ruin on a large plot of land. Now we have a villa.
When deciding what we wanted, we knew that the area would have to have lovely bright blue skies, plenty of sunshine especially in the winter. We have tested out the weather more recently in October, November and March and have enjoyed fabulous wall to wall sunshine. The walks are many and various, from easy to extreme!! Wherever you are the views are gorgeous. We found the Alpujarra region because David read 'South from Granada' by Gerald Brenan and then I read 'Driving Over Lemons' by Chris Stewart (our well known local author). Both authors evoked a magical, mountainous terrain mingled with fascinating Spanish culture and history. All of this we found, and more. Why did we buy this particular plot? The rural location, walkable into Orgiva, the wonderful smell of orange blossom, the spectacular uninterrupted mountain views, the peacefulness and, in particular, the opportunity to create something from scratch. We also love being equidistant from the coast and Granada's Alhambra Palace (35 kms).
Las Alegrias is 5 minutes drive and 15 minutes walk from Orgiva. You can drive almost anywhere you want for holiday experiences within half to one hour. Golf, tennis, seaside, theme parks, historical monuments, wonderful restaurants/tapas bars, skiing in the winter, walking, riding, biking, mountaineering. Or you can stay put at the villa and completely relax sunbathing, swimming or if you prefer to sit in shady spots, there is plenty of choice. The villa has thick walls making it cool inside in the summer and warm in the winter. We offer a spacious, comfortable, modern interior with good quality, strong, comfortable furniture. We don't pretend to be ultra fashionable, we want our place to be easy to use. Our very helpful house manager is always available to help you.
Aubergine: ensuite/bath/shower/bidet/basin/wc. Aquamarine: ensuite/shower/basin/wc. Avocado/Apricot: share main bath/shower over/bidet/basin/wc. Downstairs Hallway: Sep. shower-room/basin/wc/storage cupboard. Upstairs: shower-room/basin/wc.
Downstairs: open-plan sitting-rm to kitchen/diner, leads out to large dining terrace/shade. Upstairs: large sit-rm + dble sofabed, dining table, shower/WC, and large terrace/shade. Comfortable sofas and chairs. WiFi/Sat TV/DVD. Fans. Wood burner.
Modern v.well equipped kitchen, granite tops, range oven/grill/four hob burners, microwave, 2 large fridge/freezers, dishwasher, kettle, toaster, juicer, blender, Magimix, coffee makers, ample pots, pans, casseroles, crockery, cutlery, utensils, glasses.
Terrace dining seats 10. Kitchen table seats 6. Upstairs table seats 6.
The Sierra Nevada ski resort above Granada is the most southern in Europe and some 4700 metres above sea level, the highest peaks in Spain. The snow is excellent from December to March and often into April, and the slopes are extremely well cared for. The Spanish are very proud of this resort. It is a buzzing place with lots of activities other than skiing and snowboarding. Numerous pistes offer learner to advanced slopes for skiing, snowboarding and many other forms of activities. There is a good choice of restaurants, cafes and clubs. It takes about 60 minutes from the villa and you can hire chains if needs be.
There are a number of golf courses within 30 minutes drive from the villa. There are also theme parks and water parks, zoos and botanical gardens all within 20-45 minutes drive. Tennis courts are available in Orgiva town. You can also go horse riding, pony trekking, mountain and quad biking, and paragliding. This is a lovely area for walkers with well-signposted routes through the hills, mountains, forests and over river beds. For the serious walker there are two famous long-distance paths that cross La Alpujarra. One is the GR-7 which begins in Tarifa in Cadiz Province and crosses Europe to Greece. The other is the GR-142 which runs from Lanjaron (10 minutes from Ogiva) to Finana on the northern side of the Sierra Nevada in Almeria Province. If you want to really exert yourself the highest mountain in Spain (Mulhacen) and its equally high neighbour (Veleta) can be conquered by foot in about three hours, starting from the Mirador de Trevelez.
Notes on accommodation: All rooms enjoy lovely views to the mountains. Floors are tiled throughout. All rooms have fans. Upstairs: 2nd sitting-room (or bed 5)+ensuite shower-room; large terrace. Food pack of milk, bread, butter, eggs, water, beer and wine will welcome you. If you would like other food bought for your arrival, please contact caroline before you travel. Restaurants are open in Orgiva on sunday. Normally shops close on Sundays. There is a comprehensive information folder in the villa. From November to February it is often clear and sunny between 10.00-17.00 hours, but you will need a sweater/jacket at night and heavier clothing if you go up the mountains. For the cooler months the villa is electrically heated and has a large wood burner in the downstairs living-rm (logs provided). Duvets and blankets in every bedroom. The bunk beds (2 singles one above the other) are sturdy, suitable for adults and children, with deep, comfortable matresses. We like comfort ourselves and we stay here often. Outside: Main terrace has dining table (seats 10) Webber gas+charcoal BBQs, comfy armchairs/sofa; coffee table; shade and swing chair. Paved path leads to private, walled/gated swimming-pool 12m x 5m, depth from 1.5m to 2m. Cleaned weekly, its cleanliness benefits from guests using poolside shower before swimming. Spacious, non-slip terracing surrounds pool with shaded dining area, table+chairs. Plenty of sun loungers (plus cushions). Lights around and inside the pool for night time dining/swimming. Sun warms the water very well from April-October. The owner has swum in February. A large selection of melamine/plastic dining/drink-ware is available to avoid breakages by the pool. Landscaped front garden has a variety of flowering shrubs, bougainvillea, lavendar, herbs and wood-store. The rear garden is unlandscaped with orange, olive and almond trees, grapevines and laid mainly to grass. Large car parking area and shaded car-port for 2 cars. Solar panels heat water in house. Utility Room: Large Cupboard in downstairs shower-room/WC houses clothers dryers, soap powder, cleaning materials, hoover, iron and ironing board. An internal courtyard, open to sky, offers complete privacy, houses washing machine to keep noise away from main house. Cleaning / Towels / Linen / Maid service: Linen/bath/hand towels provided - changed weekly if required. Pool cleaned weekly at agreed time. Cleaning service provided at 10 euros per hour. Please call the House Manager to arrange whatever you require. Cot/high chair provided on request. Other: Smoke alarms throughout. Woodburner+electric heating. One beach-towel provided per person for the holiday. Fly screens/shutters. Darts board. Pub football game. Welcome food pack: Eggs, bread, butter, milk, water, wine, beer. All shops closed on Sunday.
We stayed here at Las Alegrias as a family of 8. It suited us perfectly. There is oodles of space, room for privacy, room for family meals; the house is equipped with everything you need and more. The pool is gated - so perfect if you have small children. Everything is spotlessly clean, the garden and pool are fastidiously kept by Sergio who with his wife Celia are on hand and responded with huge good humour to our requests. Don't hesitate. Book it now!
The villa is lovely, with an unbeatable view! The gated swimming pool sits within a pretty garden looking at the mountains beyond.
The walking nearby is stunning, with paths through typical white villages and into (sometimes steep) hills.
Many thanks to the owners for providing such a comfortable and beautiful place to stay.
Great time in Orgiva house !
We had a such nice time in this warmfull house ! It was like home but with the sun, the wonderfull landscape and the swimmingpool ! :-) The owners are very charming !
Don't hesitate a minut to rent it !
Thank you very much indeed for your kind words. We are delighted that you and your family enjoyed your stay and hope that you will all return next year.
Peace nestled in beautiful fragrant garden.
On arrival we were struck by the beauty and privacy of the garden and the scent of summer herbs wafting towards us from the kitchen garden in the court yard, which also contains a lemon tree bursting with massive fruit, perfect for a Gin and Tonic by the pool (which was kept beautifully clean).
All the rooms were spotless. We took our 4 month old baby girl, so asked the owners if they could provide a cot and a fan. They provided two different sized cots and fans so baby was happy. The only suggestion for improvement would be a slightly larger double bed in our room, however the beds in the others' rooms all looked to be a very good size.
The views from the house were great and the best was the view from the dining room table on the patio (or cortijo, as they say out there) of the surrounding mountains.
We particularly enjoyed our trip into the local town to the big Thursday market to buy huge sweet ripe peaches (that you just don't find in the UK) and beautiful almonds too.
I would definitely recommend staying here and we would love to return some day.
Las Alegrias, a beautifull house and garden!
As a family with four teenages girls we enjoyed staying for a week in Las Alegrias. A spacious house with stunning garden and pool. The girls enjoyed the pool, the parents the threes to relax in the shade as July is rather hot!.
Nice surrounding mountains. For a longer hike you have to get a bit higher up, which is only 30 min. by car.
Excellent location, 15 mins walk up a quiet lane into town. Very well equipped villa with modern kitchen and everything you need and more. Lots of local information and maps. Pool is tremendous and we didn't venture far from it, you're not overlooked and it has a stunning view of the hills so you can easily while away the day splashing around and achieving very little. Sergio who looks after the pool and the beautiful grounds is very friendly and unobtrusive. The layout of the house is quirky and we did a bit of bedroom swapping before we settled on the right arrangement for us but there's lots of beds and lots of space so you won't struggle. Don't take up suitcase space with books as the owners have the most incredible number and range of books which you are welcome to borrow during your stay. Half an hour in the car to the beach at Salobrena which is lovely. Restaurants in town are friendly and the food is good, the pizza place with the orange trees is fab, excellent food and very friendly staff. Very relaxing stay, the goats wander up the lane regularly and it was lovely to listen to the goat bells clanging as they passed.
30 minutes south is the Costa Tropical offering a wide variety of secluded beaches and lovely resorts like Salobrena, Almunecar and La Herradura. Many activities: water and theme parks, sailing, water skiing, boat hire, wind surfing, fishing and scuba diving. Loads of beach sun-bed/picnic areas. Enjoy fresh fish of the day at numerous beach cafes. Shopping centers abound with latest international fashions.
Driving from Bilbao would take 8 hrs; from Madrid 4-5 hrs. Otherwise hire a car at Malaga (80 mins) or Granada (35mins) airports. Motorways are excellent; views spectacular. 'A' roads are good; 'B' roads can be twisty but you don't need a 4-wheel-drive. A single track tarmac road leads from main road to the villa. Orgiva is a 5 minute drive, however we often walk it (15 mins) taking a torch at night. Off-tarmac mountain roads need a 4-wheel drive.
Malaga airport is 80 minutes drive. Orgiva market town is 5 minutes drive and 15 minutes walk. The coast, Costa Tropical, is 30 minutes drive. The water theme park in Salobrena is 40 mins drive. Granada and its airport are 35 mins drive. The Alhambra Palace is 30 minutes drive. Granada ski resort is 60 mins drive (good road). Bubion 30 mins. See all the beautiful Alpujarran mountain villages within a day. Spaghetti Westerns' film-set and theme park: 2 hours drive. Good bus service from Orgiva.
When arriving at Malaga Airport on a Saturday it is a good idea to stock up on food and supplies as shops in Orgiva are closed on Sunday - we will give you directions to a very good superstore called Al Campo in Motril - it is worth visiting before taking the road north toward Orgiva/Granada.
Orgiva market town is packed full of small supermarkets, individual food/beverage shops, restaurants, cafes and tapas bars. Luckily you will more often than not be given free tapas when you drink at a bar - this habit seems to be dwindling in other areas of Spain. The market every Thursday morning sells fresh fruit, vegetables, herbs, spices, shoes, bags, clothes and jewellery (amongst many other things). There are numerous banks (open 9am-2pm) and ATMs.
Orgiva is the main market town in Las Alpujarras and has been made famous in three books by our local author, Chris Stewart: 'Driving Over Lemons', 'A Parrot in a Pear Tree' and 'The Almond Appreciation Society'. All in our comprehensive library. WiFi installed at villa.
The nearby town of Lanjaron bottles its wonderful spring water and houses a Balneario (spa) where you be pampered with massage or other treatments. The mountain villages of Pampaneira, Bubion and Capileira take 30 minutes to reach and are beautiful.
Jazz or flamenco are often advertised locally. If a saint's day falls during your stay there may well be a fiesta which always includes fireworks, eating, drinking, dancing and singing in the streets. Spanish children stay up late to enjoy the fun with their families.
Malaga is the airport of choice (80 minutes) as there are so many different flights, and the drive to Orgiva is easy with some spectacular sea and mountain views on the way. If you are lucky enough to find a flight into Granada, it is our nearest airport (40 minutes). | 2019-04-21T23:19:46Z | https://www.homeaway.com/vacation-rental/p8035471 |
Since 1892, we have served the church and clergy with this simple policy: we want you to be satisfied with anything you order from Almy and we stand behind our products. QuikShip items that have not been customized with engraving or embroidery may be returned for any reason for exchange or refund. Items that have been customized or custom-made (including non-stock garment sizes) may be returned for alteration or exchange if they are defective, do not conform to your order specifications, or do not perform as you expect.
We are still processing images and other information needed to create a website product display. These items will appear on the website as soon as possible. We’ll email announcements to Almy customers as new categories of products become available on almy.com.
Items are so customized that current website tools cannot correctly capture all the required ordering information. Much of our liturgical vestment and hanging product line falls into this category, though we are working on expanding the list of those items you can order on the web.
You are looking for an item that Almy simply does not offer at this time.
Catalogs. The almy.com website does have electronic versions of Almy catalogs that show our complete offering. Click the Free Catalogs link on the Home page to see electronic catalogs or to order printed catalogs. You may also call or email our Customer Service Center for assistance.
Origin of Almy Products. Many customers ask, “Where do you get your products?” For most items, the answer is, “We make them ourselves, in our Pittsfield, Maine shops.” Virtually all the clergy clothing, choir robes, liturgical vestments and many of the church linen and metalware products that we offer are made at Almy. We are very proud of our workplace and our people: we hope you have a chance to visit us there sometime. Click here for directions to our manufacturing facility. Of course, we also contract with outside suppliers. Usually, they work to our exclusive specifications and we select them based on their track record for quality and reliability, for safety, and for fair treatment of their workers.
Website Prices. Product prices on almy.com usually match those in the current Almy General Catalog. We do have sales on the website from time to time, though, and you may see prices on product display pages that are different from those in catalogs. In any case, prices often depend on the quantity of a product you order, or the keycode shown on any catalog, flyer or email you have received, or on your customer profile. For that reason, you should complete your shopping cart, including updating the keycode, and also login to see the effective prices on your order.
Sizing and Fit. Problems with size or fit are the most common reasons for merchandise returns at Almy, as with any apparel maker. To help you get a good fit the first time you order we have created links to size-fit guides throughout the site and we recommend that you view them and order accordingly. For proper fit, it is important that you have accurate measurements of the relevant body dimensions and we are happy to send free measuring aids to help. Please remember that non-stock garments are custom made and will not be accepted for credit or refund when returned because of size-fit issues.
Assembly, Use and Care. Almy products with special assembly, use or care requirements are accompanied by labels or documents with all the information you need. Copies of many of these aids are available as free downloads from this website. Go to Customer Resources, and click Documents.
For first-time registrants to almy.com. If you create a new almy.com registration with your order, processing occurs in two steps. First, we review your registration in our Customer Service Center and either link it to an existing Almy customer profile, or create a new Almy customer profile for you. Then we release your order to our system for fulfillment. We complete registration review promptly so that it does not delay fulfillment of your order. If there is a delay of more than one business day for any reason we will contact you.
For returning customers to almy.com. Because your Almy web and service center profiles are synchronized, your order will pass directly to our order management system for fulfillment.
Orders for unusually large quantities of a product or for a very high overall value, to make sure you did not inadvertently order more than you want.
Orders that appear to be duplicates. Sometimes a double click of the submit button sends a second order unintentionally.
Orders for custom-made products, or with custom options. Because these cannot be returned for credit or refund, we review them carefully and contact you with any questions before we start to make them.
Orders paid by already-used Gift Certificates – we’ll contact you to resolve payment issues.
For these and other reasons, some orders are placed in Hold status for follow-up in our Customer Service Center. If the Hold causes any delay in the expected delivery date for your order, we will contact you to let you know.
In Process. Your order is in our system awaiting confirmation of your customer registration, shipment from our warehouse, or (if it is for a custom-made item) production in one of our shops.
Partially Shipped. Some, but not all, of the items on your order have been shipped to you. Order detail lines on your order will appear with a shipment date, quantity shipped and a link to our delivery company’s tracking service. An invoice for each shipment is posted to the bottom of the Order Detail page.
Fully Shipped. All of the items on your order have been shipped. Order detail lines on your order will appear with a shipment date, quantity shipped and a link to our delivery company’s tracking service. An invoice for each shipment is posted to the bottom of the Order Detail page.
Hold – Call Customer Service. There are several reasons that your order could be temporarily in Hold status in our system. Usually, we are simply reviewing order details internally to insure accurate fulfillment and the hold lasts only a matter of minutes. For more information on the reason for a Hold click here or please contact us. If a Hold causes any delay in the expected delivery date for your order, we will contact you.
Canceled. At any time before it is fully shipped, you may cancel your order by contacting our Customer Service Center. Thereafter, the status of your order will display as Canceled, though we may previously have shipped a part of it to you.
Order Acknowledgment. When you submit your order to almy.com, the website will automatically send you a detailed email message with all order details. Please review the acknowledgment carefully and contact us immediately if you want to make any changes – in many cases items will be shipped the same day you order.
Shipment Dates. When you add an item to your Shopping Cart, a Ship Date appears. This is the date that we expect to send the item to you assuming you submit your order within a few minutes after filling your cart. It is based on factors such as inventory availability, production times for any custom work requested, and our warehouse schedule. For more information about when to expect to receive your order, see Delivery Dates below.
Delivery Dates. Summary and Receipt pages display delivery dates for each item. These are estimates based on several factors: inventory availability or production times, your delivery address, and the delivery service you selected. The estimates also include an allowance of time for us to review new customer registrations and warehouse processing. So the dates are conservative – we often deliver at least a day sooner than the dates shown. To reduce the number of partial shipments we make, we combine items with different delivery dates that fall in the same week so they ship together; in that case they’ll be delivered on the latest of the dates shown. Orders to countries other than the USA are always shipped complete, for delivery on the last of the dates shown. If you need items for a critical date, we recommend that you order by calling our Customer Service Center where representatives have access to real-time inventory information and more powerful tools to manage delivery times.
Delivery Charges. Our standard delivery charges are set with the objective of recovering our overall shipping expenses, not to profit from excessive fees. Tables of charges are published in our catalogs and can be viewed by clicking this Delivery Charge Info link which also appears on the Delivery check-out page. Charges for your specific order will be calculated and displayed on the Payment and Summary pages as you check-out with your order. For orders that are prepaid, we take half off our standard Ground delivery charges for USA and Canada. From time to time we may include free or special savings on delivery as part of a promotional offer. In those cases, when you enter the promotional keycode on the Shopping Cart page, it will override the standard delivery charge table and you will see the promotional terms reflected on the Payment and Summary pages of your check-out.
International Deliveries: Tariffs, Taxes, Customs Clearance Fees. Customers in countries outside the USA will be responsible for any local duties, taxes and fees.
USA. For most deliveries to physical (street) addresses, our delivery partner is FedEx. We used FedEx “Smart Post” for deliveries of small flat packages and to post office box addresses.
Delivery Tracking. Most shipments we make can be tracked through FedEx. When we ship your web order, we will send you an email with a link to the FedEx tracking service. We’ll also post the link to the record of your order on almy.com.
Invoices. Invoices for web order shipments are not sent by postal mail. Instead we link them to the record of your order on almy.com. To view invoices, login to almy.com, click View Orders, click Details and see the invoice PDF at the bottom of the page. If there is a balance due, we ask that you print this file and use it to pay. If you need us to send a printed copy, please contact our Customer Service Center You will need Adobe Acrobat Reader on your computer to read the invoice documents. This is a free download and you can initiate the process by clicking on the “Get Adobe Reader” link on our Customer Resources page.
Change or Cancel Orders. The website does not permit you to change or cancel orders online. If you want to change or cancel your order, please call or email our Customer Service Center as soon as possible as your order may ship or go into production very soon after you submit it. When you call or email, please include the order number – an easy way to contact us is simply to Reply to your CM Almy Order Acknowledgment email.
Payment Methods. Almy.com offers several ways to pay for your order.
Credit on Account. If you have a return credit or have overpaid for a previous order, you may have credit on your Almy account that you can apply to your next purchase. This payment option is only available to customers whose registrations have been linked to their Almy accounts: please register and wait (up to one business day) for a CM Almy Registration Confirmed email. If you have a credit on your account, the next time you login you’ll see it on the Payment check-out page.
Almy Gift Certificate. If you have an unused certificate, enter its number, date and amount on the Payment page when you check-out. The website accepts one certificate per order. If the certificate value is greater than the order value, the balance will be held as a credit on your Almy account and may be used to pay for future orders.
Credit Cards, Gift Cards. We accept American Express, Discover, Master Card and Visa cards. The website will allow you to use one credit card per order. We do not charge cards until we ship your order.
Customers with Almy Charge Accounts can charge their order to their account. Payment should be made within 30 days of the invoice (shipment) date. This payment option is only available to customers whose registrations have been linked to their Almy accounts: to use your charge account on almy.com please register and wait (up to one business day) for a CM Almy Registration Confirmed email. If you have an Almy Charge Account, the next time you login you’ll see it on the Payment check-out page.
Almy Charge Accounts. Almy 30-Day Charge Accounts are available to organizations in the USA and Canada. To qualify, we ask that you prepay your initial order and send a credit application for approval. Click Credit Application for a form.
Sales Tax. We are required by law to collect state sales tax on deliveries in New York, Connecticut and Maine where we have facilities. If you are a tax exempt organization in those states, and if we have your tax exempt certificate on file, we will not charge you tax. If you meet those conditions but you still see sales tax on your web order, this is probably your initial registration on almy.com and the website does not yet know your status. Go ahead and submit your order and we’ll remove the tax before we ship and bill you. Once your registration has been confirmed the website will not display tax on future orders. To send a certificate, fax it to 1-800-426-2569 or 1-203-531-9048 (outside USA); or email a scan of it to [email protected]; or postal mail a copy to CM Almy, 28 Kaysal Court, Armonk, NY 10504. Orders placed by individuals for delivery to NY, CT and ME are not exempt from sales tax. Tax is calculated on applicable merchandise and on delivery charges.
Returns & Credits. As our guarantee states, all Almy items that are not custom-made or finished with custom options (such as engraved or embroidered inscriptions) may be returned for any reason for a full credit or refund of your merchandise purchase price. If custom items are defective in materials or workmanship, or if they are not made according to your specifications, you may return them as well. All shipments include a Return & Exchange Form and an Authorized Return Label for your convenience. If the returned items are defective or not as ordered, we’ll also refund your cost for returning them. Return credits are usually posted within two business days after we receive the return merchandise. For orders paid by credit cards, return credits are posted to your credit card account; sometimes it takes an additional day or so for credit card processors to reflect the credit on your account. For orders paid by credit on account, gift certificates or Almy Account charges, we will credit your Almy account. You may hold the credit on account to pay for future orders (including an exchange order) or request a refund which will be sent promptly.
Return of International Deliveries. The Almy Guarantee and our Return and Credit policies apply to deliveries to international customers. We cannot take responsibility for recovery of duty, taxes or fees paid to local authorities, however.
Damaged Deliveries. Be sure to open your package promptly. If merchandise is damaged, please save it and packaging materials, and contact us as soon as possible. We will work with the delivery company and provide any other assistance you need, including processing a speedy replacement order.
Exchange Orders. You may request exchanges for returned merchandise in one of two ways.
Request exchange items on the Return & Exchange form sent with returned items. It usually takes a week or so for returns to reach our warehouse and another day or two for us to process exchange requests we receive this way.
Request exchange by phone, fax, email or web order prior to our receiving return items. This is the faster way to get your exchange items. In this case, we’ll bill you or charge your credit card for the value for the new items and process your credit when we receive the return – until your return arrives you may see two charges on your credit card or Almy account statements.
Shopping Cart Prices, Keycodes and Login. The price of your order may be affected by the quantity of the products in your cart, the keycode on promotions and finally, on your specific customer profile. To see the effective prices for your order add all the items you want to the shopping cart. Update the Keycode field in the Shopping Cart with any that is printed on email, flyer or catalog you have received. Finally, login as that may also affect the price of items in your cart.
1. Record a Username, Password and Email address.
Usernames must be at least 8 characters long. They may be made up of any combination of letters and numbers – letters are not case-sensitive and numbers are not required. Each username is unique: no two registrations can use the same username. If you are setting up multiple accounts on almy.com (one for yourself and one for your church or organization, for instance) please complete two registrations, each with its own username.
Passwords must be at least 8 characters long and contain at least one number. Letters used in passwords are case-sensitive. If your password is “Abcd1234”, for instance, the website will not recognize “abcd1234” as valid.
Email is required so that we can communicate with you about website transactions. We may also use it to let you know about special offers and other news, but you may opt out of that sort of marketing communication from us if you prefer. To ensure you receive our customer service email messages, please add [email protected] to your safe sender list.
2. Tell us what type of account you are registering. We recognize two distinct types of accounts: personal accounts and organizational accounts.
Personal Accounts. Select this option if you are setting up an account profile to purchase for yourself. When you select this option, the website will present you with a form that asks for your full name, mailing address and other information that helps us match your exiting Almy profile and to serve you properly.
Organization Accounts. Select this option if you are registering to purchase on behalf of your church, company or organization. When you select this option the website will present you with a form that asks for the name, address and other information about your church/organization, and, also, for your name, daytime phone and other information about your relationship to the organization.
3. Complete a form with profile information that helps us link your registration with an existing Almy account, or to set up a new account.
Address Verification. If you save a USA or Canadian registration, credit card or delivery address, almy.com will submit it for online verification by a service that maintains a database of all known postal service addresses in those countries. This is to help correct typing errors and to ensure that our mail and packages will be delivered correctly. The verification service may suggest slight changes to the format of your address information to conform to postal service standards: we ask that you accept these. Sometimes the service will not be able to verify the address you have typed and will offer you the choice to edit it or to continue with the address “as is”. We know that the service is not perfect: if you feel sure that the address you typed is correct even though it could not be verified, please just click Continue and almy.com will accept it.
Login. You can browse almy.com anonymously, but if you want to submit an order or view secure information about your account, you must login with the appropriate username and password for the account. Here is some information about login.
Username and Password. Many Almy customers have logins for more than one account (one Personal and one Organization, for instance). Be sure to use the login name and password for the appropriate account.
Forgot Username. If you cannot recall the username you have registered for an account, click Forgot Username. On the form, type the email address you used when you registered and send. The website will send a message to that address with the username(s) and account names that are linked to it.
Forgot Password. If you cannot recall the password you have registered for an account, click the Forgot Password button. On the form, type the username and email address you used when you registered. The website will send a message to that email address with the password.
Remember Me. The Remember Me feature can save you time when you login. When you click the Remember Me, the website will automatically fill in your username and password on future visits provided you use the same computer and internet browser program.
Login Confirmation. When you enter your username and password, the site will present a screen to confirm the name of the customer for whom you are ordering. If the name is correct, please continue. If not, please return and re-try your username and password.
Finding your My Account page.
If you login to almy.com by typing your username and password into the login form, you will be shown a Welcome page that displays the profile for the account associated with that username/password. This is your My Account page.
If you login automatically by using the Remember Me or browser tools for remembering login information, you will remain on the almy.com Home page, and you’ll see your name at in the top section, next to the Login/Register button. Click the My Account link at the very top of the Home page to view your My Account page.
View and Change Account Information. Once you have found your My Account page, you may use it as home base to view a variety of secure information. First, of course, you can view your profile details: name, address, phone number and other information that you recorded with your initial registration. The gold links near the top of your profile are your pathways to additional information.
View and Change Delivery Addresses. Click the View Delivery Addresses link and the website will display all delivery addresses that have been set up for orders placed by this account. If this is an organizational account, you may see delivery addresses for orders placed by other people who have also registered and ordered on behalf of that church/organizational customer. Tools on the page will permit you to edit the addresses or to remove them from the account’s history.
View and Change Saved Credit Card Information. Click the View Payment Info link and the website will display the credit card you may have saved in connection with this username/password. If this is an organizational account, you’ll see only the card you have saved, not those saved by any other people who have registered as buyers for the church/organization. Conversely, no one else associated with the organization will see your card. Tools on the page will permit you to remove and replace the card, or to edit the expiration date and statement address of the existing card.
View Orders and Order Details. The almy.com saves orders submitted from day it was launched, January 24, 2011. For information about older orders, or for orders placed by telephone or some other method, please contact our Customer Service Center. To view orders on almy.com, Login, go to the My Account Welcome page, then click the View Orders link and the website will display a list of all the almy.com orders that this account has submitted since the date shown. If this is an organizational account, you’ll see orders you have submitted plus those placed by other people who may have purchased on behalf of the church/organization. Orders are listed in descending order by date placed, with the most recent on top of the page. (Active customers may have multiple pages of order history.) Each line represents one order and you can see its current status. For more information about status, click here. To see more information about your order, click its Details button. Here you can view all order details: all the items you submitted with the order with any possible revisions that you may have called in to us subsequently. The expected delivery dates or actual shipment dates will appear. For items that have been shipped, click the Track link on their line to display the delivery tracking information on your screen. At the bottom left corner of the Details page, click the Invoices link for a given shipment date to see a PDF image of the bill/receipt for a shipment. Note that the website does not have tools for changing an order once it has been submitted. If you would like to make a change to an order, please contact our Customer Service Center by phone or email – please refer to your order number when you contact us.
Change Username. On My Account page, click the Change Username link. The website will display a page that allows you to change your username. Changes are effective immediately.
Change Password. On My Account page, click the Change Password link. The website will display a page that allows you to change your password. Changes are effective immediately.
Other Changes to Personal Accounts. On the My Account page, click the Change button. The website will display your profile and all fields will be editable. You may make any appropriate changes and save them. These changes will also update the Almy account used by our Customer Service Center.
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in his Nuova Cronica (illustration pictured), the 14th century Florentine banker Giovanni Villani described the destruction of the original Ponte Vecchio bridge during the flood of November 4, 1333?
parts of California were declared a disaster area when Hurricane Kathleen killed several people and caused millions of dollars in damage due to widespread flooding?
during the Civil War years, the San Fernando Valley north of Los Angeles experienced floods, droughts, a smallpox epidemic, and even a plague of locusts?
during a flood in 1937, Brown Hotel in Louisville, Kentucky was partially submerged, and a worker caught a two-pound fish in the lobby?
completion of the Howard A. Hanson Dam (pictured) in 1961 ended a 70-year era of flooding in the Green River Valley, and by 1996, the dam had prevented an estimated US$694 million in flood damages?
despite being unfinished, the Lazaro Cardenas Dam successfully protected the Mexican towns of Gómez Palacio and Torreón from possible flooding triggered by Hurricane Naomi in 1968?
España Boulevard, the main street of Sampaloc, Manila, is notorious for its waist-deep floods during the Philippine typhoon season?
Flood in Final Fantasy VI.
Flood is an offensive spell that does Water-elemental damage. It typically targets all enemies, and is usually the replacement for the spell Water in the games that it does not appear in.
Flood is a Ninjutsu for Edge. Gained automatically when fighting Rubicante. Costs 20 MP. In the Advance remake, Flood can be cast when the player uses the Triton's Dagger weapon as an item. It is also available as an Augment.
Flood returns as a Ninjutsu spell, usable by Edge and Izayoi, both of who start with it. It functions in the same way as in Final Fantasy IV, but now costs 7 MP to use.
Flood is taught by Leviathan in the Advance version. It costs 60 MP. It is notably the only Water-elemental spell in the game, besides Strago's Lores.
Flood appears as one of the Ancient Magic spells. It is available to Black Mages at level 58. For 368 MP, the spell will cause Water-based elemental damage and lower resistance to Lightning. A stronger version, Flood II, is also available through Merit Points.
Flood is one of Terra's initial HP attacks which manifests three bursts of water one after the other from beneath the opponent. As a Mime, Bartz is also able to use the attack which functions identically to Terra's version. Shantotto's Spirit Magic: Water casts Flood when she has 6,000 or more Brave. It summons a large torrent of water surrounding the opponent.
Flood in Final Fantasy IV.
Flood in the DS version Final Fantasy IV.
Flood in The After Years.
Flood used by Bartz in Dissidia Final Fantasy.
Flood used by Terra in Dissidia.
Flood used by Shantotto in Dissidia.
This article uses material from the "Flood" article on the Final Fantasy wiki at Wikia and is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike License.
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Were you looking for the novel Halo: The Flood, or The Flood, the ninth level in Halo Wars?
Significant physiological and psychological mutations. They can also acquire their host's memories.
"One single Flood spore can destroy a species."
The Flood (Latin Inferi redivivus meaning "The dead reincarnated"), or The Parasite as they are known to the Covenant, are a species of highly virulent parasitic organisms that reproduce and grow by consuming sentient life forms of sufficient biomass and cognitive capability. The Flood were responsible for consuming most of the sentient life in the galaxy, including the Forerunners, during the 300-year-long Forerunner-Flood War. The Flood presents the most variable faction in the trilogy, as it can infect and mutate Human and Covenant species, such as Elites,Grunts,and Brutes, into Combat Forms. They are widely considered to be the greatest threat to the existence of life, or, more accurately, biodiversity, in the Milky Way Galaxy.
The Flood are extremely adaptable, dangerous, and expendable parasitic lifeforms. They were first encountered in the Milky Way Galaxy by a Forerunner pioneer group on planet G617 g1. It is a highly infectious viral supercell, and the cause of the "Forerunner-Flood War", which lasted approximately 931 years. They were the reason that the Halo Array was constructed, as a last final effort by the Forerunners to preserve biological diversity in the galaxy. After exhausting every other strategic option, the Halo Array was fired, resulting in the elimination of the original source of the Flood infestation and the death of every sentient being in the Galaxy.
The Flood exists in a fairly stable state in the absence of a Gravemind. They lack the ability to spawn spontaneously and spread by infecting sentient life forms, specifically those that are self-aware and capable of introspection. This stage of a Flood outbreak is known as the Feral Stage.
During its Feral Stage, the Flood is only capable of local coordination through use of pheromone-based communication. Research indicates that the content of said messages are of very limited complexity. Individual Combat and Carrier Forms have access to the skills and memories of their host; however, once an outbreak establishes a viable Gravemind, the Coordinated Stage begins—and it is at this point the Flood becomes truly dangerous.
With the formation of a Gravemind, the assimilated intelligence and memories of consumed hosts become part of a collective consciousness, which is capable of strategic thinking and commanding individual Flood forms in an organized manner.
A Gravemind (like the Proto-Gravemind that gave rise to it) is the fusion of pure Flood Super Cells and the evolved complex neuro-system of one or more sentient entities. The control it exerts over the more mobile forms it creates is accurately likened to an entity's control over its own limbs. Ergo, during the Feral stage, control is localized at the individual level, but once an outbreak enters the Coordinated stage control is assumed by, and broadcast from, a central compound intelligence.
Although no data exists from any adequately controlled experiment, data gathered in the field suggests that if a mobile form is removed from the influence of the Gravemind coordinating its group of origin it will revert to a Feral Stage. Insufficient data exists on whether mobile forms of one Gravemind would be influenced by another Gravemind, though logic dictates this would be the case. However, because individual Graveminds are remarkably similar and are all striving for the same goal, it is likely that a distinction would be impossible to detect.
The Bestiarum states that the society of the Flood closely resembles an "utopian socialist ideal as there is no wealth, no poverty, no want, no crime, and no disease; every individual works for the advancement of the Flood as a whole". It also states that it "is unfortunate that their one overriding goal is to [butcher and consume] every other life form in the galaxy".
"It fed on intelligent life and in doing so, became every more intelligent itself. The Flood was unique, it used their very strength against them."
—Cortana on the Forerunner-Flood War.
The Flood are believed to have arrived in the Milky Way Galaxy more than 100,000 years prior to 2552 when they encountered the Forerunners on the planet G617 g1. The Flood used unarmed civilian assets to penetrate planetary defense groups, first striking at the Forerunner-held planet of LP 656-38 e, bypassing the Forerunner Orbital Fleet, and infesting the planet below. They soon moved to similarly infest the planet DM-3-1123b. They were perceived as hostile by the Forerunners, whose ground forces were overcome by the sheer numbers of Flood forms on the planets. While at first the Flood demonstrated a lack of even "basic cohesion", they had "numerical superiority"; billions of forms dedicated to the assault, and every member of the Forerunner population a potential Flood host. In desperation, the Forerunner's armada was ordered to immediately commence full planetary bombardment on infested worlds, although at a great cost - many Forerunners were unable to be evacuated before bombardment commenced, leaving the Forerunner military with shallow victories against the Flood. In events where the naval garrisons were unable to commence bombardment, major Forerunner population centers appeared to activate localized weapons of mass destruction, effectively committing mass suicide, but stopping the growing infestation.
Thereafter, the Forerunners realized that ordinary naval tactics were unable to stem the growing tide of the Flood, and decided to pin their hopes of defeating the Flood on super weaponry. While the Forerunners initially deployed the Sentinel robotic drones to fight against and contain the Flood, almost immediately afterward, the Forerunner Fleet Command contemplated "Premature stellar collapse": using naval battle groups to destroy planetary star systems' primary stars in supernova that would engulf the planetary systems and prevent any possibility of Flood infection.
While the Flood were exponentially growing, spreading from system to system with the intent to infect the Forerunner population, not to wage war with Forerunner battle groups, the tide was turning: the Flood had reached sufficient proportions to create a Gravemind form, a creature that embodied a collective sentient intelligence for the Flood species, and one that could coordinate the Flood swarms in intelligent attacks against the Forerunner Fleets. The Forerunners were aware of this, and constructed the Contender class artificial intelligence Mendicant Bias in an effort to destroy this centralized Gravemind and disorganize the Flood. This too failed since Mendicant Bias went rampant and joined the Flood cause to destroy its former masters.
The Forerunners began a "Conservation Measure", researching the Flood, while constructing an Artifact to generate a slipspace portal leading to the Ark on Earth and possibly other uninfected home worlds of Tier 7 races they considered "worthy".
The Forerunners employed many, many measures, including intricate naval tactics in an attempt to contain the Flood, which ultimately failed. Finally, the Forerunners were forced to a Pyrrhic solution, building seven ring-like super-weapons, known as Fortress Worlds or Halos, across the galaxy. Because the Flood were parasitic, and their survival was directly linked to the presence of potential hosts, the Forerunners reasoned that eliminating all potential Flood hosts, that is, all sentient life forms in the galaxy, would "render the parasite harmless", as explained by the Forerunner AI 343 Guilty Spark. After all countermeasures failed, the Forerunners activated the Halos in 97,448 B.C, unleashing galactic destruction, and destroying almost all sentient life forms in the Galaxy. However, the human race and many other species throughout the galaxy survived the firing of the Halos because they were safely spared on the Ark which was out of range of the Halo Array or protected by the Shield Worlds, which were also out of range .
The Flood were contained, and unable to reproduce due to lack of hosts, and eventually died out. The only surviving specimens were contained in state of the art, high-security Forerunner research facilities, such as the Halo Installations and the Threshold Gas Mine.
Thousands of years after the end of the Forerunner-Flood war, the human ship Spirit of Fire jumped from Arcadia to follow the signal of Professor Anders, who had been captured by the Covenant. They were led to an unknown planet, which happened to be a Forerunner Shield World. Ground forces were deployed to investigate the presence of unknown hostiles sighted by the ship's radar. After fighting their way through Covenant forces, Sergeant Forge and several Marine squads were attacked by the Flood.
The surviving UNSC forces, which included Sergeant Forge, were ordered to recover some Elephants that were surrounded by Flood forms. After one was rescued, the small squad made their way into a site that would become a base. They then assembled a larger force to rescue the other soldiers. Following their successful rescue, the UNSC forces prepared to engage the Flood.
SPARTAN-II Red Team, while searching for Anders, was ambushed by several Flood forms, which forced their Warthog to crash. The remaining forces at the nearby base, led by Sergeant Forge, moved out to rescue the ill-fated team. As they attempted to rescue the SPARTANS, they soon discovered that the Flood was creating a Proto-Gravemind, and that it may have been jamming the tracking signal that Anders was giving out. On their way to the soon-to-be Gravemind, they encountered several Flood Colony forms, and found that by destroying them, the Proto-Gravemind would become weakened. Once they destroyed the Proto-Gravemind, Serina found a signal, which was believed to be Anders'.
Captain Cutter then ordered all UNSC personnel on the planet to return to the Spirit of Fire. These orders were impeded by the Flood, which attempted to prevent the humans' retreat, but the Flood were eventually held back long enough for the UNSC forces to return to the Spirit. The Flood attacked the Spirit as it entered the interior of the Shield World, but were wiped off by the ship's crew, Sentinels, and the Shield World's cleansing rings. All Flood on the Shield World were destroyed when Sergeant Forge used the Spirit of Fire's Shaw-Fujikawa Translight Engine to destroy the Shield World's internal sun, obliterating all Covenant and Flood forces on the Shield World. The Spirit of Fire narrowly escaped by performing a hastily-calculated slingshot maneuver around the exploding sun in order to shoot off into space. Without the Spirit's Slipspace Engine, however, the ship was lost in space, with humanity's only knowledge of the Flood lost with it.
"The only way to stop the Flood is to starve them to death."
—Cortana to John 117 and 343 Guilty Spark.
John-117 fends off the oncoming Flood Combat Forms and Infection Forms on Installation 04.
Although the first firing of the Halo Array starved large numbers of the Flood, samples of parasitic specimens were kept alive (perhaps in stasis) on various Forerunner outposts for research and further scientific study. One such research site was located on Installation 04. This proved to be a grave, irreversible mistake, as both Humanity and the Covenant stumbled upon the abandoned ring thousands of years after the firing of the Array and the destruction of the Forerunners and most of the Flood. Cortana, aboard the UNSC Pillar of Autumn, made what was presumed to be a "blind" jump through Slipspace (although it was later revealed that she used translated co-ordinates from a Forerunner artifact found on Sigma Octanus IV) to evade Covenant pursuers. This led both species to Installation 04, and in turn, the Flood that were kept there. After the crash of the Pillar of Autumn on the Halo Ring, the surviving crew members dug in for what they believed would be a long and brutal guerrilla campaign against the Covenant forces on Halo.
Meanwhile, the pursuing Covenant cruisers (among them the Truth and Reconciliation) amassed their ground forces on the surface, and soon discovered an underground Forerunner Flood Containment Facility in the swamps of Halo. Due to the secure nature of the facility, the Covenant came to use it as a fortified base of operations and an area for storing weaponry, oblivious to its true nature. Though some of the Flood managed to escape, the terrified Covenant soldiers eventually pushed the Flood back in. It is unknown whether a few still escaped. The Flood escaped due to a leak in the library, allowing the flood to reproduce by spores.
After Captain Jacob Keyes was captured by the Covenant for interrogation, he caught wind of this weapons cache and, upon his rescue, organized Fire Team Charlie to seize it. When the team arrived at the swamp however, they found the facility was completely devoid of Covenant personnel. However, upon takeoff, a Pelican Dropship, whose call sign was Victor 933, which had transported them to the base, crashed into the swamp as a result of enemy action. Then, immediately after the crash, the pilots were able to record a message about their attackers, calling them "Unknown Hostiles". These "Unknown Hostiles" were actually the Flood, and shortly afterward, they could be seen creeping throughout the swamp, as witnessed by John-117 when he was deployed into the area. At first, when he saw the Covenant retreating out of the Forerunner structure running from Assault Rifle fire, he believed them to be allied forces. However, after he opened the door that Captain Keyes had unlocked, he learned the truth through Private Jenkins' recording: this was no Covenant weapons cache. He then proceeded to escape, escorted the surviving marines to a drop zone, and encountered 343 Guilty Spark. Guilty Spark then promptly teleported him into the Library and said, "The Flood is spreading. We must hurry!"
The few surviving Covenant soldiers left were scattered and disorganized, and put up little resistance to the new Combat Forms created from numerous Covenant corpses. It is presumed that the Covenant occupants of the research facility had moved through the structure in hopes of finding Forerunner artifacts, and had inadvertently released living Flood specimens. Knowing full well what the Flood are capable of, the Covenant forces promptly locked the facility down and evacuated all personnel who survived the Flood's escape. Keyes and his team were unaware of this fact, however, and proceeded to delve deeper into the facility, ultimately coming across one of the unopened Flood Containment Chambers. Believing it was a weapons cache of some sort, they unlocked the door, and were promptly attacked and assimilated by the Flood inside. With a large supply of "edible" sentient life now occupying the ring, the Flood began to multiply and infest most of Halo. Soon, the infestation proved too great even for Halo's automated military force, the Sentinels, to handle, and the ring's commanding AI, 343 Guilty Spark, was forced to call upon a "Reclaimer" (John-117) to activate the array once more. Hearing of the above events, John-117 was deployed to the area on the drop ship Echo 419, proceeding into the facility, only to find out that most of the Marines he had been assigned to rescue had succumbed to the Flood.
These events brought the knowledge of the Flood to the UNSC. In a war of losses, this was another grim revelation for humanity.
Infection Forms feeding on dead corpses. Shown in one of the Chambers leading to a Pulse Generator in the Level Two Betrayals, in Halo:CE.
After the Flood's escape, the Covenant forces, who were widely stretched across Installation 04, were heavily engaged, and were being overwhelmed by Flood forces. While at places, the Covenant were able to hold the line by using vehicular and air support, most of the weaker Covenant soldiers such as Grunts and Jackals succumbed easily to the Flood, and the few Elites who remained were outnumbered and destroyed. The UNSC, having a much smaller presence on the Ring, found out about the Flood's might a short while later, when a UNSC Orbital Drop Shock Trooper force engaged with the Covenant near Alpha Base, was ambushed by the Flood and suffered heavy casualties. However, one of the attacking combat forms, Wallace A. Jenkins, who was one of the Marines in the original expeditionary mission to the supposed arms cache, was infected by a weak and elderly infection form whose powers of infection had been dulled by years of hibernation, making Jenkins' transformation into a combat form incomplete. Jenkins was still able to resist the pervasive Flood entity in his mind, and although incapable of articulate speech and with a physiologically devastated body, Jenkins was still able to betray the Flood through hand gestures during an interrogation with Major Silva, informing the UNSC Marine battalion that the Flood planned to assault the UNSC base from a series of underground catacombs underneath their base. In response to this intelligence, the UNSC moved to secure them, and prevented the Flood from staging another attack.
By the time of these developments, Flood dominance over the Covenant was assured. The Sentinels were unable to contain the Flood, and the Covenant and UNSC were sustaining heavy losses and rapidly losing ground. Meanwhile, the Flood were occupying whole areas formerly held by the Covenant, although Covenant and Flood forces continued to wage war on the massive ice plains of the Ring. Although the Covenant had the benefit of Shade stationary plasma turrets and vehicular/aerial support, the Flood had captured both UNSC and Covenant weapons, most notably M19 Rocket Launchers and massive numbers on their side.
The Flood, however, were not unintelligent. One of the UNSC personnel captured in the Marine force to the ex-Covenant arms cache was Captain Jacob Keyes, a brilliant naval strategist of the UNSC Navy. When he was infected, instead of using him in combat, the parasitic infection form, while deleting his memories, felt that Keyes held vital information. Keyes knew the location of Earth, the birthplace and major planet of the human race, a planet with tremendous possible assimilation opportunities for the Flood. Instead of becoming a combat form, he was merged with at least four other victims into a massive, engorged Proto-Gravemind aboard the CCS-class Battlecruiser, Truth and Reconciliation, a Covenant warship that the Flood were relentlessly attacking. While he was in the brain form state, the Flood began to comb his memories. Captain Keyes successfully withheld information about Earth by constantly accessing information available on his Command Neural Interface such as his name, rank, and serial number, until the Chief arrived. However, his arrival was too late, for Keyes was already dead. It was at that time the SPARTAN-117 punched a hole in Keyes' skull to get the Captain's CNI.
The Covenant Flagship Truth and Reconciliation was a major point of contention between the Covenant Special Operations units and the Flood. The Flood had likely entered the warship previously, decimating most of the Covenant crew and garrison on board, leaving only isolated pockets of resistance, mostly small numbers of terrified Grunts and a few Elites aboard the vessel. However, below the Truth and Reconciliation, in a series of rocky canyons, the Covenant were much stronger in force, with large numbers of Elites augmented by Grunts, Jackals, and Hunters, fighting off the Flood. The Covenant High Command on Installation 04, however, were terrified by the Flood presence. Because the CCS-class battle cruiser had been damaged in a previous space battle with the UNSC Pillar of Autumn, it had been grounded, awaiting repairs for at least two days. After The Flood were discovered to be aboard the battle cruiser, the Covenant High Command sent a Special Operations strike force to the Truth and Reconciliation to commence immediate emergency repairs, prepare it for lift-off into space and neutralize The Flood. These efforts, however, failed, with the Flood eventually retaking the vessel. Later, the remaining UNSC Marine forces on the ring staged an assault on the Flood-held Truth and Reconciliation, and managed to neutralize most Flood forms on the cruiser in a swift assault, and prepared the battle cruiser for take-off with emergency repairs to escape from the ring to Earth. However, there was tremendous risk if the Flood-infected vessel traveled to Earth, if there was even one Flood carrier form aboard, "Earth could fall," according to UNSC AI Wellsley, because of the Flood's exponential parasitic potential. Against orders, Marine officer McKay destroyed the warship with whatever Flood forms were still aboard, killing hundreds of UNSC personnel, including an infected Jenkins, but saving Earth and possibly billions of lives from the Flood.
The Flood appeared to be interested in seizing space-capable vessels, in the hope of spreading itself away from the Installations and into the stars: they attacked the UNSC Pillar of Autumn and CCS Truth and Reconciliation, for this reason. After the UNSC cruiser's crash-landing onto the ring, and after engaging over fifteen enemy warships, it had been taken by the Covenant, although a UNSC raid had managed to temporarily retake the hull. On the third and final day of the Battle of Installation 04, however, the Covenant were in control of the crashed warship when a Covenant patrol was ambushed by the Flood and infected; when it returned into the vessel, the Covenant garrison was attacked by Elite Combat forms. The combat forms were able to scatter before they could all be destroyed, and a steady trickle of Flood continued to enter the Pillar of Autumn through vents and openings in the hull, waging a tedious guerrilla battle against the Covenant security force on board. Eventually, the Sentinels came on board, overwhelming the dwindling Covenant forces as the Flood began to attack the warship in full force, in the end almost completely obliterating the Covenant presence, and severely limiting the Sentinels on board. Despite their best efforts and enormous numbers, the Flood, Covenant, and Sentinels were unable to stop John-117 from detonating the wrecked warship's reactors, and escaping in a C709 Longsword-class Interceptor. The resulting thermonuclear detonation severed the ring world, destroying it and its capability to annihilate all sentient life, and simultaneously killed all remaining Flood on Installation 04, along with any other life forms that were on the ring.
The Flood were also kept in the Forerunner-constructed Threshold Gas Mine, in one of the three peripheral arms of the station. A small Covenant special forces strike team of three Phantoms laden with Special Operations Elites and Grunts, led by Special Operations Commander Rtas 'Vadumee and Thel 'Vadamee, were dispatched by the High Prophets. This was to "silence" Sesa 'Refumee, the leader of the Heretics stationed within the mine encouraging dissent against the Prophets. While the force attempted to track down Sesa 'Refumee to assassinate him and destroy his forces, the Heretics, unleashed the Flood that were held within the station, and there was absolutely nothing they could do about it.
Dormant Flood in receptacles housed in the Gas Mine.
During Thel 'Vadamee's pursuit of Sesa 'Refumee, where Thel 'Vadamee neutralized several weapons emplacements. Enemy Banshees, Thel 'Vadamee, Rtas 'Vadumee, along with Spec Ops Elites and Grunts entered a laboratory, while the Heretics deliberately locked the doors: most likely by design, in order to crush the Special Operations force. The Heretics then released the Flood from containment in that arm of the station, locking Thel 'Vadamee and his five allies into a peripheral laboratory, and then besieging them with Infection Forms while Heretics dueled the Flood underneath them.
When that trap failed to annihilate them, instead dealing tremendous damage to the would-be trappers, 'Vadumee retreated to call for reinforcements and coordinate a continued assault while the Arbiter and any remaining allies pursued 'Refumee to a gigantic elevator that ran in the spine of the Flood-infested arm: while presumably used to transport gas conduits, its walls were rampant with ravenous Flood, and it ferried canisters full of Infection Forms. The tenuous, agonizing elevator was nicknamed "A Descent Into Hell". Thel Vadamee's allies were slowly picked off as Flood attacked the elevator, with Sentinels continually hovering overhead and firing lasers into the chaotic fray. Finally, Thel 'Vadamee left the elevator into a second wide laboratory hall, where the Heretics attempted to lock out both Thel 'Vadamee and the Flood. The Heretics' plan was not flawless, however, and handful of Heretic Sangheili were still present in the second laboratory when the Flood entered, these Sangheili were presumably infected while a horrid tide of Infection Forms, Combat Forms, and Carrier Forms lurched into the hall, and Thel 'Vadamee was forced to defend himself against them until the tide stilled and the doors were opened.
The Flood could not be contained in the rooms, however, and attacked both the Covenant assassination force and the Heretics themselves. Their assault was too much for either the Heretics or their attendant Sentinels to contain, and the Flood passed on a pathway between their infested peripheral arm to the central core of the station, where they overwhelmed the Heretics there. Thel 'Vadamee continued to pursue Sesa 'Refumee, but was impeded by large waves of Flood, crushing the outnumbered Heretic Elites, Heretic Grunts, and the ever-dwindling number of Sentinels. Eventually, the Sentinel presence was completely obliterated as the Flood spread to the upper levels of the station. However, Thel 'Vadamee managed to sever the cables that secured the gas mine to its support structure higher in the atmosphere of the gas giant. This caused it to plummet into the maelstrom as the Arbiter tracked down and eliminated the Heretic Leader. While Thel 'Vadamee and 'Refumee were engaged in battle, the Monitor 343 Guilty Spark explained that the act of cutting the cables was a fail safe in case of a Flood outbreak, and that any remaining Flood (and, presumably, remaining Heretics) would be killed once the facility entered the planet's solid Nitrogen core.
The Flood were in search of the Index, a device which would deprive UNSC and Covenant forces from the privilege of assured destruction of the parasite.
Unlike on Installation 04, where the Sentinels had contained the Flood until the Covenant began to meddle with the Forerunner containment measures, on Installation 05, the Flood had been in continual war with the Sentinels since the firing of the Halos 100,000 years ago. Even up to 2552, the Flood were presumably dwindling with no fresh supply of hosts (perhaps they were involved more in hiding than in open warfare). However, like on Installation 04, the fresh suitable host bodies of a newly-arrived Covenant armada and a UNSC strike force fueled the Flood's exponential parasitic capabilities, and Flood infestation increased at a surprisingly rapid rate, and within hours, Sentinel forces were being overrun, causing a risk that the Ring would fall to the parasite.
In order for the activation of the Halos and the facilitation of the ultimate Flood containment measure to occur, a Reclaimer had to retrieve the Index from Installation 05's own Library, making the Library a high-priority target for the Flood: if it could control the Library and prevent any Reclaimer from entering, it would make itself essentially invulnerable. Installation 05's Library was nestled in a tenuous series of wintry and snowy canyons and boasted three levels of defense: an exterior Sentinel Wall kilometers in the distance, an underground honeycombed facility that produced large numbers of Sentinels (that impeded any invaders from advancing), a Containment Shield (an energy shield that denied access by any means to the Library until it was deactivated), and a Quarantine Zone (a type of biological "airlock" to prevent the Flood from spreading any further). This multi-tiered defense was patrolled by hundreds of Sentinels and Sentinel Majors, and several Enforcers.
However, two external forces, the Covenant and the UNSC, wanted the Index as well: the Covenant, to activate the Halos and set off the misinterpreted "sublimation event" of the Great Journey, and the UNSC to secure the Index and prevent the Covenant from doing so. The Covenant sent a Strike Team of Special Operations Elites, commanded by Rtas 'Vadumee, and led into battle by Thel 'Vadamee, to retrieve the Index in a multi-staged assault. However, the Covenant first needed to deactivate the Containment Shield by disconnecting its power generator in the center of the Sentinel Wall.
Previously, a force of Jiralhanaes, Unggoys, and Kig-Yars had been dispatched to complete that operation, but they were overwhelmed by Sentinel defenders and forced into a defensive position instead of an attacking one. Thel 'Vadamee was personally ordered by the Prophet of Truth to find and retrieve the "Sacred Icon" (the Covenant term for the "Index") for the Covenant. Because the Sentinels activated the Containment Shield, he could not be directly air-dropped to the Library; instead, he had to land at the periphery of the Sentinel Wall, disable the generator, and then proceed to deactivate the generator. Tartarus deployed Thel 'Vadamee in a Phantom drop ship, where Thel 'Vadamee entered the first half of the Sentinel Wall, where there was evidence of heavy Covenant casualties and abandoned infrastructure, making his way down through the facility and finally deactivating the Containment Shield.
While the first half of the Sentinel Wall had remained pristine, the second half, the one buttressing the Quarantine Zone, was infested by Flood. Sentinel resistance had been destroyed in some segments of the Flood-Infested Wall, and in heavily infested areas, the Flood appeared to be beginning to terraform the Forerunner facility, spreading murky spores into the air. The UNSC deployed a small number of Marines to fight through the Flood-Infested Wall, but they were quickly overrun. Thel 'Vadamee was able to battle through hundreds of Flood forms that had taken up positions in the Wall, which had entered through wall-mounted conduits, although later, the Covenant deployed a team of three Special Operations Sangheilis in the lower levels of the Flood-infested Wall, although they were killed as well. Finally, Thel 'Vadamee was able to make his way out of the Wall, emerging at the ground levels: the Quarantine Zone.
With the Sentinel Wall compromised by the Covenant and the Flood, and the Containment Shield lowered by Thel 'Vadamee, there was only one last line of Forerunner defenses: the Quarantine Zone. There was a significantly elevated number of Enforcers present, even automated sentinel construction factories flying over watch, and automated factories built into the landscape, each churning out Enforcers and Sentinels, further swelling their numbers even in intense combat. Here, the Flood demonstrated their unusual technical aptitude, commandeering Covenant and UNSC vehicles, possessing dozens of Ghosts, Wraiths, Warthogs, and Scorpions to do battle with the hovering Enforcers. Flood forces also boasted large numbers of Combat Forms, which appeared to infiltrate the Containment Zone by means of gaping chasms that periodically split the ground, emitting a green mist and appearing to be of indefinite depth, perhaps linkages to the Flood-infested underground.
Six Special Operations Elites, along with Rtas 'Vadumee, were airdropped at the periphery of the Quarantine Zone by means of Covenant drop pods, and Thel 'Vadamee joined them, rallying their efforts to secure a landing zone against large numbers of Flood attackers. Using the advantages of elevated ground, Shielded Plasma Cannons, and a Deployable Lookout Tower, the small Special Operations contingent was able to hold an LZ for a Phantom to drop off a Spectre and a pair of Ghosts. Meanwhile, 'Vadumee commanded his men to assist Thel in forging towards the center of the Flood-infested Quarantine Zone, so that Thel 'Vadamee could reach the Library and secure the Sacred Icon.
The Flood, despite a significant vehicular and infantry presence in the Quarantine Zone surrounding the Library, were unable to deny access to the Covenant and the UNSC. Miranda Keyes managed to slip the In Amber Clad through the Forerunner Enforcer patrols, while the Covenant launched a ground borne attack, led by Thel 'Vadamee and involving a small team of Spec Ops Elites, using a gondola to get to the index while attempting to control the gondola and keep it from slipping into Flood or Sentinel hands. Later, In Amber Clad was captured by the Flood.
Spartan-117, who had arrived with Keyes and Johnson, met Thel 'Vadamee for the first time in the clutches of the Gravemind, the central controlling intelligence of the Flood hive, created from the combined intellect of tens of thousands of assimilated corpses. Gravemind attempted to convince Thel 'Vadamee, against his own beliefs, and through the use of the captured Monitor, 2401 Penitent Tangent, and the semi-revived Prophet of Regret to not activate the ring. Still unswayed, although in question of his religion, Thel 'Vadamee prompted the Gravemind to show him, by "Stopping the key from turning.", transporting Spartan-117 to High Charity, and Thel 'Vadamee to Delta Halo's Control Room.
Taking advantage of the distraction that Spartan-117's presence caused, as well as the ensuing Covenant Civil War, Gravemind took the opportunity to deliver himself, as well as a multitude of Flood underlings, onto In Amber Clad and then jumped the UNSC ship inside High Charity, whereupon it immediately crashed into the city's superstructure to deliver its infectious cargo, while a wave of Flood-controlled Pelican Dropships delivered Flood all over the city. The ill-equipped and distracted populace was no match for the Flood onslaught, and the Covenant Holy City was quickly overrun, with even the Prophet of Mercy falling victim to an infection form.
The Flood soon spread to every district, and Flood spores began to infiltrate and overload the ventilation systems; the whole city was becoming Terra-formed into a massive Flood Hive. The Gravemind regularly rebutted the words of comfort the Prophet of Truth delivered to the city’s population over the comm system, to sadistically instill more panic and unease. Spartan-117, having successfully stayed in front of the wave of Flood running rampant in the streets, stowed away on the Dreadnought that was leading the Prophet of Truth's fleet to Earth. Cortana, who had to stay behind to manage the situation should Installation 05 be fired, was left in the clutches of the Gravemind, who could potentially learn all possible Human knowledge from her.
UNSC Marines being infected by the Flood.
""Child of my enemy, why have you come? I offer no forgiveness... a father's sins pass to his son.""
""I am a timeless chorus. Join your voice with mine, and sing victory everlasting.""
""Of course, you came for her... We exist together now, two corpses, in one grave.""
At the conclusion of the Battle of Voi, with the Prophet of Truth activating the Artifact and the Jiralhanae fleet escaping to the Ark, a Flood infested Covenant cruiser appeared out of Slipspace, having penetrated the Elite's blockade of High Charity and crash landed into the city of Voi in an effort to spread. In order to prevent the Flood from escaping and infecting the entire planet, Miranda Keyes ordered John-117 to detonate the cruiser's reactors and search the ship for Cortana, causing the city of Voi to be destroyed and the Flood there eliminated. As John-117 and the Thel 'Vadam fought their way to the ship, the Shadow of Intent arrived and deployed Sangheili task force to aid UNSC marines. SPARTAN-117, with the help of the Sangheili, was able to battle through the Flood forces, including the newly encountered Flood Pure Forms to reach the crashed cruiser where he found a message from Cortana. Upon this discovery, 343 Guilty Spark arrived pledging his assistance to the Reclaimers. With the Flood spreading, SPARTAN-117 boarded a Phantom while the Sangheili went on to glass the infected areas. The remaining Sangheili forces, fulfilling their mission of removing the Flood from Earth, retreated back to the Sangheili Carrier, the Shadow of Intent, along with Cortana's message and Guilty Spark.
With the assistance of 343 Guilty Spark, Cortana's message was repaired, revealing a solution to the Flood menace on the Ark. To Lord Hood's disapproval, Miranda Keyes led UNSC forces allied with Thel 'Vadam's and Rtas 'Vadum's Sangheili's through the Portal.
On the Ark, while attempting to lower the shield surrounding the Ark's citadel, the infested High Charity made a Slipspace jump and smashed into the Ark, releasing the Flood inside the structure and causing an infestation on the newly built replacement for the destroyed Installation 04. After retrieving Cortana from the derelict High Charity, SPARTAN-117 was able to kill all Flood present on the Ark and the replacement Installation 04 by activating the unfinished Halo using the Index Cortana retained from the first Halo. The ring's activation also presumably killed the Gravemind. SPARTAN-117 also destroyed High Charity by destroying its reactors, causing them to go critical and killing the billions of Flood that were present when High Charity was destroyed in a huge explosion.
With the Gravemind destroyed, and all the Flood on the Ark gone, it is probable that the Flood still exist on the other Halo rings, excluding Installation 05 (although it is possible that not all of the Flood on Installation 05 left and there are still some there, since Installation 05 was never destroyed), or any other remaining Forerunner Installations. The fact that the Flood were never originally from this galaxy further complicates the issue, and how they arrived leads to more possibilities. It may be that is why the Forerunners preserved some Flood for research on the Halo rings instead of destroying them all, since the Flood would return sooner or later, and it would be better to fight a researched enemy rather than a foreign one. At least for the moment, the Flood are seemingly defeated.
A wall covered in heavy Flood biomass: evidence of advanced infestation.
The Master Chief stepping in Flood Biomass as he enters the Flood infested High Charity.
The only known pathway for Flood reproduction and survival is by the infestation and assimilation of other species. They do this through a form of cellular reproduction known as lysogenic replication where the viral cells infect host cells with their own genetic code which mutates the host cells into viral forms.
Capable of surviving extreme environments ranging from -75 to +53 degrees Celsius and even underwater (in early stages of life), the Flood can withstand harsh environments of all known colonized planets.
It would seem that the Flood can infest any living organism, but that they prefer hosts with a large brain capacity to accelerate the formation and expansion of the Gravemind hive intelligence and the Flood intelligence as a whole. They are only as intelligent as the beings they infect; the more cunning the enemy, the more dangerous the Flood will be.
As the Flood spread and replicate, they will alter the environment to better suit their needs. This takes the form of biomass growing on any available surface, and the air being filled with spores. This appears to be part of the Flood life cycle and is done automatically, and leads to the development of a Gravemind and a Flood Hive.
The Flood seem to thrive in moist and humid areas, which lends itself to the fact the the Quarantine Zone is bereft of organic life, and is cold and perpetually snowy, to hinder the development of the Flood.
Infection forms selectively target other species that possess sentient intelligence and are of sufficient biomass, and can infest living or lightly wounded dead bodies. Infection forms have long tendrils that pierce the skin of the host and find their way to the spinal cord. From here they synchronize with the host, matching frequencies with the host's nervous system and taking over brain functions, completely rewriting the psychology of the creature to the ravenous and voracious psyche of The Flood, although retaining higher-level cognitive abilities, such as combat techniques and technical knowledge which may be useful. However, resistance of the host is completely destroyed, as the original mind's memories are systematically erased, leaving only a simplistic and primal urge to assimilate other species and destroy them. During the early stages of infestation, when the host still retains its original consciousness, there are distinct somatosensory sensations: first the host's extremities grow numb and their lungs feel heavy.
Then, the greater Flood intelligence begins to take over the mind, and sensation becomes increasingly indistinct: the host's vision seems to be "a gauzy white haze", but the host can make out shapes and the host can hear a low droning through the ordeal. Finally, once physiological mutilation occurs, the host can vaguely feel dramatic changes to its own body: the limbs feel to the host as if they are made of a spongy liquid and the lungs itch as well. However, the host can still control their limbs to some extent if the neurological contact with the infection form is weakened. They can use the vocal cords of Jiralhanae's, Humans, and Sangheili's to communicate as well as the moans they use as observed on The Covenant where the drop pod crashes into the third shield tower.
While baseline neurological assimilation is the same regardless of host species, The Flood's infestation includes physiological mutilation, which is species-specific.
Higher-level species capable of combat, such as Humans, Jiralhanae, or Sangheili are selectively infected to become Combat Forms. Combat Forms retain the general profile of their original species, although they are significantly mutated. Organ-based systems' physiology are corrupted, organ-specific functions are decentralized, and body cavities are decayed, making hitbox-selective incapacitation impossible; organ functions are decentralized, thus, decapitation does not down a combat form. Furthermore, highly area-specific munitions, such as sniper rifle projectiles, are completely ineffective, as picking off selective areas of a combat form leads to no wide-scale physiological impediments, and the projectile will punch through the decayed flesh rapidly, exiting through the other side of the combat form without consequence.
Combat forms also generate tentacles very quickly without regard for the skeletal structure of the host, with tentacles protruding from the combat form at odd locations, typically localized to the chest axial regions, such as the neck, armpits, or torso. A single arm is oftentimes mutated to a claw like or tentacle-like structure that splits into multiple angular, hand-like structures replacing the hand's usage, yet it will still be there. The musculature of the combat form dramatically changes as well, and the form is given prodigious arm and leg strength, allowing for heavy blows with its arm-like structures and for incredible speed and jumping height with its legs. The Flood are also prodigious climbers, able to scamper on walls with little hindrance to the organism . Metabolic requirements, however, appear to be extreme on the organism: blood vessels become extremely prominent on the surface of the Combat Form, with thick and distinct blood-colored vessels spawning all across the creature's surface, most prominently so on the head.
A Marine being attacked by an Infection Form.
There is no confirmed way to effectively stop a Flood infection when an Infection Form attacks a host. However, two possible exceptions are known. One of which is to contract the fictitious disease "Boren's Syndrome", a neurological condition where radiological exposure causes electrical anomalies in the host nervous system that is actually caused by biologically enhancing drugs, such as those used in the ORION Project. The neural frequencies of the host are scrambled, although without major negative manifestations to the host. However, it has been suggested that during Flood infection, the infection form is unable to tap into the host's nervous system to kill them. It is unable to proceed to a large-scale physiological mutation, not understanding why. Although Flood DNA is sliced into host DNA, even imparting the host with increased regenerative capabilities. Avery J. Johnson, having Boren's Syndrome, escaped the containment facility where The Flood attacked two squads of UNSC Marines. However the Boren's Syndrome was to cover his past in the ORION Project, and that the Boren's Syndrome explanation was invented to hide it. In the novel Halo: The Flood, Cortana uses an electrical charge which she generates from Master Chief's suit to destroy an infection form that was attempting to infect him.
While Boren's Syndrome left untreated may leave the victim immune to the Flood, leaving it untreated usually equates to death within a couple of years. There is said to be a one in a billion chance that research, from someone so inflicted with Boren's Syndrome in a way that they cannot be infected, could be carried on to produce a cure.
Since the Flood is a parasitic life form, they depend on other organisms for survival. Thus, the only logical foolproof way to eliminate them permanently is to take away their food sources. The Forerunners attempted this by bombing large population centers, but this was seen as one of their last resorts and as such was performed too late in the war to make much difference. The absolute last resort was the use of the Halo installations, which effectively destroyed all life in the galaxy and starved the Flood. However, the Forerunners' plan included some measures to preserve sentient life and return them to their home planets, allowing the Flood's "food source" to persist, while at the same time specimens were kept for analysis on Halo Installations, allowing the threat of the Flood to be merely forestalled, not eradicated.
Environmental stimuli seem to have an effect on Flood metabolism. Halo installations typically artificially incorporate low temperature into environments suffering Flood outbreak and to create natural obstacles to Flood progress, regarded as Quarantine zones. At least one Flood Research Facility used low temperatures to keep its specimens inactive and dormant as it studied them. This may be the reasoning behind keeping Installation Control Rooms in low degree weather, impeding their occupation by the Flood. The Flood are also vulnerable to temperatures on the other end of the spectrum. Plasma weapons will burn through them, as well as Sentinel Beams, indicating that the Forerunners had determined energy weapons to be the best 'basic countermeasure' available to fight the Flood. It may be a side-effect of the Flood's conversion of the body into biomass, breaking down cellular integrity and increasing flammability.
The Flood go through four distinct developmental changes.
Intergalactic is the last known stage the Flood enters, theoretically, in which it utilizes all captured technology to depart to uninfected galaxies to further replicate. It is assumed that the Flood that had arrived in the Milky Way had descended from Intergalactic level Flood.
The basic Flood form is the infection form, unique in its distinctive spherical shape. The infection form is used to infect organisms of other species, physically adhering to their surfaces and inserting tentacles, forcibly "hacking" into its host's nerve system, completely changing its psychology to that of the Flood's, and eventually physiologically mutating it into one of the various parasitic Flood forms of whomever the victim may be.
The Flood emphasizes "numerical superiority" in engagements and also aggressive swarming tactics.
While possessing an unusual sentient intelligence, with Combat Forms still retaining extremely high-level cognitive functions such as vehicular operation, lower level cognitive abilities, precise dexterity, and overall battlefield tactics, are notably lacking in the Flood, especially in their psychological and combat behavior. While the Gravemind coordinates Flood strategy on a galactic scale, small encounters are not coordinated between individual Flood warriors.
The Flood follow a zealous and ravenous strategy with little target selectivity, aggressively attacking all hostiles in range. Furthermore, Flood tactics are based primarily on asymmetrical warfare: the Flood uses all types of its different forms to kill the enemies that it sees. Usually the Infection, Combat, Carrier, and Tank Forms rush the enemy and attempt to quickly eliminate them. The Ranged Forms try to support their zealous comrades with ranged attacks. The Stalker Forms attempt to transform into a Tank or Ranged Form. The Combat Forms also utilize any weapon that they have picked up. While this strategy is observed to be a Zerg Rush, they aren't completely suicidal, since they usually dodge dangerous ordnance.
The Flood have a strong preference for close-range combat: combat forms possess abnormally strong melee attacks by whipping their tentacles, capable of dropping a SPARTAN-II MJOLNIR armor’s shields in half with a single hit. Carrier forms cause tremendous devastation at close ranges, and their explosions are extremely devastating to friends and foes alike at close range, with the added benefit of disseminating infection forms in the immediate vicinity of enemies. Infection forms are capable of attacking only at point-blank ranges, exploding in damaging bursts when meeting an opponent's personal energy shields or instantly grabbing hold of an unshielded enemy organism and infecting it. Combat forms can also use firearms, and have been seen clutching them in one of their hands (regardless of whether it is one-handed or two-handed). However, combat forms are extremely poor warriors at range with ranged weaponry: it is believed that the neurological ramifications of Flood infection significantly decrease accuracy, as well as weapon recoil if held in only one hand. The Flood are mostly only dangerous with heavy weaponry, such as the M19 Rocket Launcher or the M90 Shotgun, and are curiously ill skilled with close-quarters weapons such as the Energy Sword. However, it is still possible that a Flood with a Energy Sword can kill a fully shielded Elite or Spartan in one blow.
However, as mentioned previously, the Flood demonstrates a curious higher intelligence despite their poor combat aptitude and coordination. The Flood collectively learn any general information a species possess, even if only one member of that species is assimilated. For example, during the ill-fated raid on the Infinite Succor, after even one Sangheili was assimilated, all the Flood could open any doors and access any system on the ship immediately afterward, demonstrating that the Flood can share collective knowledge across their species. Furthermore, when the Flood assimilated the Prophet Legate, the Flood reflected the high-level knowledge of the Legate through its individual organisms to Special Operations Commander Rtas 'Vadumee, mocking him with the words, "the Forerunner could not defeat us...what chance you?". The Flood, however, reflect unusual knowledge in the individual psychologies of its individual species in processes facilitating increased infestation: The Flood were sighted gathering bodies in the corners of the Covenant ship Truth and Reconciliation, perhaps making it easier for Infection Forms to find hosts to reanimate. The Flood were also gathering body parts for a new Brain Form aboard the Infinite Succor.
Typical Flood combat behavior: ravenously targeting the nearest enemy, with infection forms running ahead of combat and carrier forms.
Flood Combat forms have been sighted crudely operating Ghosts, Warthogs, Wraiths, and Scorpions in ground operations, although with slow deliberation and clumsy driving and accuracy. The assimilated crewmen of the UNSC Frigate In Amber Clad were also able to initiate a Slipspace micro-jump for the frigate and perform rudimentary maneuvering of the In Amber Clad, navigating the frigate from the atmosphere of Delta Halo to High Charity and then crashing the vessel into a tower, releasing Pelican dropships to rain down upon the capital.
The Flood's millennium of existence are believed to have made the assimilation process unusually brief: creatures killed in a short firefight can be reanimated within seconds to minutes by an infection form, and live creatures can be mutated into fully grown and mentally devious combat forms within minutes of contact. The mutations can occur randomly, or uniformly: according to the Halo Graphic Novel, they can sometimes develop into engorged combat forms notably larger than the normal combat form, or can alarmingly grow thick shells within minutes, indicating that the Flood can facilitate tremendous and exaggerated metabolic activity during the physiological mutilation. Furthermore, in rare cases, the mutations can constantly shift: when Rtas 'Vadumee battled his comrade-turned-combat form Bero 'Kusovai aboard the Infinite Succor, 'Kusovai continued to mutate throughout the duration of the battle. Though never seen, it can be assumed infection forms were involved in infecting victims in this case. Before being killed to prevent his becoming a Flood, one of the Sangheili accompanying Rtas 'Vadumee appears to have a wound in his chest that may have been the entry point for an infection form. Many of the Flood on the Succor seemed to constantly be mutating the infected biomass and also seemed to merge them together. This suggests the possibility that over time any infected host can mutate further and further, as exemplified by the Brain Form or the Gravemind and different versions of the Combat Form.
It is best to use the MA5B Assault Rifle, Shotgun, or M6D Pistol against the Flood. The pistol is capable of killing a combat form with a single shot to the chest, but is generally not recommended for mass engagement, as its medium rate of fire and small magazine size can lead the player into a position where they are surrounded by Combat Forms, therefore, it is best to only apply it in long-range combat. Furthermore, Combat Forms have a tendency to revive after being shot once with a pistol. The Plasma Rifle is also a good weapon of choice to use (if the assault rifle/shotgun are unavailable) as its high rate of fire can quickly destroy infection forms while still being potent enough to destroy the combat forms.
The Sniper Rifle is ineffective against the combat forms and will not kill them. The Shotgun, on the other hand, is the best choice against Flood Forms, as it usually finishes them off in one or two shots, especially Combat or Carrier Forms. On lower difficulties, Shotgun ammo is almost always available.
The Assault Rifle, an all-round effective weapon with large spread range, is superb against masses of combat forms and infection forms. Never bother to melee Combat Forms or Carrier Forms, as it is practically useless and very time consuming. For infection forms however, a single melee can take down four to five of them.
All in all, the most practical option is to have a shotgun for close-up/quick work, and a Pistol or Assault Rifle for longer range. The pistol is most useful for the level Two Betrayals, while the Assault Rifle/Plasma Rifle is preferred on The Library due to the levels cramped nature.
It is possible to shoot the arms off of Combat Forms (alive or dead). Dismembered Combat Forms pose no threat. This works well on the level Keyes.
Dual wielding SMGs and other dual-wielding weapons has proven to be very effective, as well as the Sentinel Beam, Shotgun and Energy Sword. Plasma Pistols, however, are the least useful. Dual-wielding Plasma Rifles, and aiming at the arms of the Flood is more than enough to rip them apart easily. The arms will come off quickly and therefore leave the combat form, quite literally, unarmed. They will waddle about and explode after a few seconds. There is also a way of killing combat forms in one shot. On the chest, you can see the infection form's tentacles waving about. This is where the infection form has burrowed. Shoot the infection form, and unless the combat form is utilizing shields, the combat form will die.
The SMG is also an excellent weapon against the Flood, as long as ammo is in large supply. Also effective is the BR55 Battle Rifle, as aiming for the Infection Form in the chest of a Combat Form will kill the Infection Form controlling it in a single burst. It is often a good idea to use the Brute Shot's melee, as it will have the same effect as an Energy sword on Combat Forms; it will destroy the body and prevent Infection Forms from reanimating it. For one of the best combos, use Dual SMGs for Combat and Infection Forms, and keep a Shotgun in reserve. Another highly effective combo is to carry a Battle Rifle for engaging the Flood at long ranges and carrying a Shotgun for when you don't have enough time to be precise with your aim. A good strategy on The Oracle is to dual wield a pair of Needlers, you can usually do this without running out of ammo. Also, don't let the infection forms touch you if you have no shields; otherwise, they will kill you instantly.
The Incendiary Grenade instantly destroys all pure Flood forms and is the one true weakness of all pure Flood forms, as well as its Support Weapon counterpart the Flamethrower. Also, all forms can be instantly destroyed with a melee, with the exception of the Pure Forms, which cannot be revived anyway when killed. There is also a way of killing combat forms in one shot. On the chest, you can see the infection form's tentacles waving about. This is where the infection form has burrowed. Shoot the infection form, and unless the combat form is utilizing shields, the combat form will die. However, the corpse will be susceptible to infection by another infection form unless the body is in fragments.
Their tactics on Halo Wars are very similar to those they perform on the Halo Trilogy; they can obviously infect Humans, Elites, Brutes and now even Jackals and Grunts with their Infection Forms, and usually attempt direct attacks with large groups. They possess large tentacle-like Flood forms and large pods that can pin in and attack vehicles, in the case of the Elephants they capture, which is an in-game objective to rescue in the first level where are encountered in-game. The Flood establish bases by capturing and spreading an infestation on enemy bases.
The Flood have been confirmed by Ensemble to have been made overpowering to both UNSC and Covenant forces to keep their appearance terrifying. Early in development, Ensemble considered making the Flood a playable race, but this idea never made it past the concept stage. According to lead designer Graeme Devine, the main issue was that in order to balance the Flood with the UNSC and Covenant, the Flood would have to have been similar to StarCraft's Zerg, which did not mesh with the Flood's role in the games, to be "the single scariest thing in the galaxy."
The Flood can make screeches and roars, which were not present in the first game.
Skin is more textured, giving the Flood a more realistic and disgusting look. The faces of the human forms are also more readily recognizable.
If a Combat Form has both arms shot off, it will walk slowly then explode, releasing an Infection Form. This eliminated the Flood Buddy glitch.
Rather than having to "gather bodies," the Flood can seemingly infect hosts over the course of a few minutes or even a few seconds.
Rather than corpses re-animating themselves, an Infection Form will enter the body, then re-animate it.
If a player is jumped by an Infection Form while their shields are down, they will die instantly. In Halo: Combat Evolved, it would simply take a bar of health away.
Some Combat Forms derived from Elites still have functional energy shields.
The Gravemind is introduced, making the Flood a more significant faction in the series.
The Flood can use vehicles, albeit clumsily.
The melee attack does little to no damage against the Flood in Halo: Combat Evolved. It does a bit more damage in Halo 2.
The Flood appears to be "smarter" when in combat, preferring to stay back and fire on the player rather then "rush" him/her.
In Halo: Combat Evolved a Combat Form would walk slowly when shooting at the player. When losing the arm that shoots, it would go "berserk": charging at the player, madly flailing its arms. In Halo 2, the combat forms can "decide" whether to use a melee attack or to shoot at the player.
If a player is wielding an Energy Sword or Shotgun, a Combat Form may retreat. They will not do this if a player is wielding other weapons.
A Juggernaut Form was put in, but was not placed in any accessible area of the game, although it was kept on the disc.
Unlike Halo: Combat Evolved, shooting one Infection form will not result in the rest of the swarm exploding with it, although there is a significant decrease in their number.
Elite Combat Forms do not have the active camouflage anymore.
Flood Combat Forms do not "feign death" anymore.
Flood Combat Forms can board your vehicle, and then will proceed to melee the player.
Brutes may now be infected and transformed into Combat Forms.
Melee attacks and plasma weapons were nearly useless in Halo: Combat Evolved and Halo 2, but now can be used effectively against the Flood.
Also, any weapon can be used to dismember Combat Forms, either by melee or shooting. A realistic touch, considering the Flood's weak, rotten flesh. Thus, all Combat Forms are significantly easier to kill.
Infection Forms can mutate humans, unshielded Elites and Brutes into Combat Forms in a matter of seconds.
Pure forms are introduced, consisting of the Tank Form, the Stalker Form, and the Ranged Form. In addition, the Flood Growth Pods and Flood Dispersal Pods can be seen in the eighth Campaign mission, "Cortana."
Gravemind has the ability to speak through his minions during combat.
Combat Forms wield weapons far less than in both Halo: Combat Evolved and Halo 2.
Carrier Forms release significantly more Infection Forms when they explode. The explosion does not push the player away much as in Halo: CE and Halo 2. In addition, Carrier Forms are significantly more difficult to kill with projectile weapons, but they are easily destroyed by plasma weapons.
If an Infection Form hits you while your shield is down it will not only make a crunching noise, but also it will most likely kill you on higher difficulties.
Running over Infection Forms in a vehicle can result in a bumpy ride. The Infection Form that was hit by the vehicle will not pop.
Carrier forms will blow up and no infection forms will come out if it is hit by an incendiary weapon, a Plasma Grenade, or Spike Grenade.
In Elite forms at least, Flood Combat Forms no longer push back the heads of their victims. In fact, the Elite's head now moves with the form as if the Flood actually use it now. In addition, Flood Combat Forms have more tentacles than before, and resemble spikes rather than flexible appendages.
Infection forms are somewhat "chubbier" if compared to the trilogy version.
Grunts and Jackals are now able to be converted to Combat forms.
The Infection Forms don't "explode" when they are shot in the cinematics.
There are many new forms of Flood introduced in the campaign.
Carrier Forms don't always explode upon death.
Part of the Flood's Binomial nomenclature, Inferi, is Latin for "The Dead", and could be a reference to Roman mythology, as this was their name for the Netherworld and it's inhabitants. Inferi means 'The Dead' and Redivivus means 'renovated, reconstructed, rebuilt or recycled' so literally Inferi redivivus means 'The Dead Reconstructed'.
The Flood bear a strong visual resemblance to an enemy cut from Marathon 2, the “fungal zombie.” They were to be the result of a bioweapon invented in the final days of the ancient S'pht and reused by Robert Blake's forces on Lh'owon, designed specifically to target Pfhor. Both the fungal zombies and Flood were principally designed by Robert McLees.
There is a species of fungi that is frighteningly similar to the Flood, the Cordyceps unilateralis. They attack carpenter ants and take over their neural system in order to make the ants go to high places. By the time it gets there, it's been rotted from the inside out like a Flood host and it releases spores from that vantage point.
In a PC World article, the Flood was voted as #31 of the top 47 "most diabolical video game villains of all time."
The Flood was inspired by Christopher Rowley's The Vang.
In Halo: The Flood, Master Chief was attacked by an infection form while his shields were low. The infection form had slit the under parts of his armour, exposing his neck, and almost tapped his spinal cord. If not for the quick use of an electrical shock by Cortana to kill the form, Spartan-117 would have been infected like many before him.
The name "the Flood" is a biblical reference to the Great Flood in which God destroyed all life except for that which was carried by Noah's Ark.
In Halo 2 combat forms will go berserk if you kill their allies near them. They drop their weapon and charge at the nearest enemy.
↑ The Heretic: Thel 'Vadamee: "Noble Hierarchs, surely you understand that once the parasite attacked-"
This article uses material from the "Flood" article on the Halo wiki at Wikia and is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike License. | 2019-04-24T10:30:57Z | http://misc.thefullwiki.org/Flood |
A system and method of a peer-to-peer web service monitoring network is disclosed. In one embodiment, a method of a central module of a peer-to-peer monitor networking includes embedding any number of monitoring agents of the peer-to-peer monitor network to any number of websites individually participating in the peer-to-peer monitor network, accessing a target website of the peer-to-peer monitor network through executing a set of command data using the monitoring agents and generating diagnostic data of the target website based on the accessing the target website. In addition, the method may include automatically assigning another monitoring agent of the peer-to-peer monitor network to monitor the target website when any one of the monitoring agents fails to perform the accessing the target website. The method may also include pinging the target website to test an availability of the target website based on the set of command data.
This disclosure relates generally to the technical fields of software and/or hardware technology and, in one example embodiment, to system and method of a peer-to-peer web service monitoring network.
Web-sites, web blogs and/or web-based service portals may be an increasingly popular means for businesses and/or individuals to share information, provide services, reach a wide audience and/or advertise products. Since advances in technology have allowed increasingly numerous and complex transactions (e.g., exchange of information, content delivery, etc.), malfunctions, errors, failures and/or suboptimal performance of a website may result in serious negative consequences.
For example, the website (e.g., an entity and/or a provider of the website) may lose business if the website is not available, unreliable, and/or performs poorly (e.g., crashes frequently, responds sluggishly, and/or drops a connection of a user to the website, and/or is not available when many users visit the website at the same time).
Multi-user real-time collaboration service providers may demand higher availability, reliability and/or performance standard due to their higher visibility and/or exposure to critical business processes on a side of the user. Even for personally oriented service providers like IM (internet messenger), blog, and/or SNS (social networking service), consistency and/or optimal performance may be crucial.
An individual and/or an organization running the website and/or server may not have an adequate visibility of site performance fluctuations and/or inefficiencies. There may be a limited range of options for implementing website maintenance and/or monitoring functions, either internally or through third-party providers. For example, web monitoring service providers may charge fees for access to their services, may not support a wide range of client protocols and/or infrastructural architectures, and/or may have limited resources to customize and/or distribute monitoring services according to requirements of the individual and/or the organization.
Furthermore, the web monitoring service providers may provide overly simplified solutions with very limited global coverage and/or analytic functionalities. A few high-end internet web monitoring service providers (e.g. Mercury Interactive®, Keynote®, etc.) may provide complex proprietary solutions with a limited global coverage and/or high price tags. However, the few high-end internet web monitoring service providers may focus on serving larger web-based businesses as their services may not be economical for a majority of clients (e.g., smaller web-based businesses and/or the personally oriented service providers).
A system and method of a peer-to-peer web service monitoring network is disclosed. In one aspect, a method of a central module of a peer-to-peer monitor network includes embedding any number of monitoring agents (e.g., the monitoring agent may be a thin open source code with less than 100 kilo-bytes in size) of the peer-to-peer monitor network to any number of websites individually participating in the peer-to-peer monitor network, accessing a target website (e.g., the accessing the target website may be performed to gauge a performance and/or a reliability of the target website based on the set of command data) of the peer-to-peer monitor network through executing a set of command data using the monitoring agents and generating diagnostic data of the target website based on the accessing the target website.
The monitoring agents may be selected using an algorithm which considers a capability of an internet service provider (ISP) of each of the websites, a capability of each web server hosting the each of websites, and/or a capability of each target web server hosting the target website. In addition, the method may include automatically assigning another monitoring agent of the peer-to-peer monitor network to monitor the target website when any one of the monitoring agents fails to perform the accessing the target website. The method may further include pinging the target website to test an availability of the target website based on the set of command data.
Also, the method may include rendering a customized analysis of the target website based on parameter data (e.g., the parameter data may include a frequency of the generating the diagnostic data and/or a geographical coverage (e.g., the geographical coverage may include a local, regional, nationwide, continental and/or global coverage of the target website based on the parameter data of the target website) of the accessing the target website) of the target website. Furthermore, the method may include communicating the diagnostic data to the target website and/or to mobile device associated with the target website. Moreover, the method may include generating an alert signal to deliver to the mobile device associated with the target website using an email, a text message, and/or an audible alarm when the diagnostic data exceeds a threshold value.
The method may also include periodically publishing rankings of a pre-selected set of major websites to a graphical user interface (GUI) of the central module based on a combination of an availability, the performance, and the reliability of the pre-selected set of the major websites (e.g., the pre-selected set of the major websites are determined based on a number of factors including at least a popularity of the major websites). In addition, the method may also include enabling the monitoring websites to render a valued added service to clients of the monitoring websites through modifying the thin open source code to customize functions performed by the plurality of monitoring websites.
In another aspect, a method of a monitoring agent of a peer-to-peer monitor network includes parsing a set of command data (e.g., the set of command data may include a web address of the target website) having a list of time-stamped tasks associated with a target website of the peer-to-peer monitor network, executing the set of command data to collect diagnostic data of the target website, and temporarily allocating the diagnostic data to a memory space of a web server hosting the monitoring agent.
Furthermore, the method may include communicating the web address of the web server hosting the monitoring agent to a central module of the peer-to-peer monitor network when the monitoring agent is embedded to the web server. Additionally, the method may include communicating the diagnostic data to the central module during the executing the set of command data based on the list of time-stamped tasks.
In yet another aspect, a system includes a central module to render an analysis of a target website through applying diagnostic data assessing the target website, and any number of monitoring agents embedded to web servers hosting the monitoring agents to execute a set of command of the central module to collect the diagnostic data. The system may include a processor module of the central module to configure the set of command data based on parameter data of the target website and/or a capability of each of the monitoring agents.
Moreover, the system may include a master database of the central module to optimally assign the monitoring agents to the target website based on the parameter data (e.g., the parameter data may include geographic locations of the each of the monitoring agent module and/or a degree of coverage requested by the target website) and/or the capability of the each of the monitoring agents.
FIG. 1 is a system view of a central module communicating with a website and a target website through a network, according to one embodiment.
FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the central module of FIG. 1, according to one embodiment.
FIG. 3 is a table view showing details of the monitoring agent of FIG. 1, according to one embodiment.
FIG. 4 is a user interface view of the GUI of FIG. 2, according to one embodiment.
FIG. 5 is a detailed view of the warning info of FIG. 4, according to one embodiment.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing a global distribution of the peer-to-peer monitor network, according to one embodiment.
FIG. 7 is a detailed view of global distribution of a peer-to-peer monitor network in North America of FIG. 6, according to one embodiment.
FIG. 8 is a diagrammatic system view of a data processing system in which any of the embodiments disclosed herein may be performed, according to one embodiment.
FIG. 9 is a process flow of the central module of the peer-to-peer monitor network, according to one embodiment.
FIG. 10 is a process flow of monitoring the target website of the peer-to-peer monitor network, according to one embodiment.
FIG. 11 is a process flow of the monitoring agent in the peer-to-peer monitored network, according to one embodiment.
A system and method of a peer-to-peer web service monitoring network is disclosed. In the following description, for the purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the various embodiments. It will be evident, however to one skilled in the art that the various embodiments may be practiced without these specific details.
In one embodiment, a method of a central module (e.g., a central module 102 of FIG. 1-2) of a peer-to-peer monitor network includes embedding any number of monitoring agents (e.g., a monitoring agent 110A-N of FIG. 1) of the peer-to-peer monitor network to any number of websites (e.g., a website 106A-N of FIG. 1) individually participating in the peer-to-peer monitor network, accessing a target website (e.g., a target website 108 of FIG. 1) of the peer-to-peer monitor network through executing a set of command data (e.g., command data 112 of FIG. 1-2) using the monitoring agents and generating diagnostic data (e.g., diagnostic data 212 of FIG. 2) of the target website based on the accessing the target website.
In another embodiment, a method of a monitoring agent (e.g., the monitoring agent 110A-N of FIG. 1) of a peer-to-peer monitor network includes parsing a set of command data (e.g., the set of command data may include a web address of the target website) having a list of time-stamped tasks associated with a target website (e.g., the target website 108 of FIG. 1) of the peer-to-peer monitor network, executing the set of command data to collect diagnostic data of the target website, and temporarily allocating the diagnostic data to a memory space of a web server (e.g., a web server 216 of FIG. 2) hosting the monitoring agent.
In yet another embodiment, a system includes a central module (e.g., the central module 102 of FIG. 1-2) to render an analysis of a target website through applying diagnostic data assessing the target website, and any number of monitoring agents embedded to web servers hosting the monitoring agents to execute a set of command of the central module to collect the diagnostic data (e.g., the diagnostic data 212 of FIG. 2).
FIG. 1 is a system view of a central module 102 communicating with a website 106A-N and a target website 108 through a network 104, according to one embodiment. Particularly, FIG. 1 illustrates the central module 102, the network 104, the website 106A-N, the target website 108, a monitoring agent 110A-N, a command data 112, and a master database 114, according to one embodiment.
The central module 102 may perform analysis of the target website 108 through applying a diagnostic data (e.g., the diagnostic data 212 of FIG. 2) accessing the target website 108. The network 104 may enable the central module 102 to interact with the website 106A-N and/or the target website 108. The website 106A-N may be a collection of web pages, typically common to a particular domain name or sub domain on World Wide Web on internet which may individually participate in the peer-to-peer monitor network.
The target website 108 may be the collection of the web pages, typically common to the particular domain name or sub domain on the World Wide Web on the internet that may be accessed through the monitoring agent 110A-N of the website 106A-N to gauge a performance and/or reliability based on the set of command data 112. The monitoring agent 110A-N may be a thin open source code with less than 100 kilo-bytes in size and may be embedded in the web servers (e.g., the web server 216 of FIG. 2) to execute a set of the command data (e.g., the command data 112 of FIG. 1-2).
The monitoring agent 110A-N may execute the set of command data of the central module 102 to generate the diagnostic data (e.g., the diagnostic data 212 of FIG. 2) of the target website 108 of the peer-to-peer monitor network. The command data 112 may be web addresses of the target website 108 which may be executed to access the target website 108 in the peer-to-peer monitor network. The master database 114 of the central module 102 may be computer program that may assign the monitoring agent 110A-N of the website 106A-N to the target website 108 based on a parameter data (e.g., the parameter data may include geographic locations of each of the monitoring agent 110A-N and/or degree of coverage requested by the target website 108) and/or the capability of the monitoring agent 110A-N.
In the example embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, the central module 102 may include the command data 112 and the master database 114 and may communicate with website 106A-N and/or the target website 108 through the network 104. The website 106A-N may include monitoring agent 110A-N and may communicate directly with the target website 108 as illustrated in example embodiment of FIG. 1.
For example, a plurality of monitoring agents 110A-N (e.g., the monitoring agent 110A-N may be a thin open source code with less than 100 kilo-bytes in size) of the peer-to-peer monitor network may be embedded to any number of websites 106A-N individually participating in the peer-to-peer monitor network. In addition, the target website 108 of the peer-to-peer monitor network may be accessed (e.g., accessing the target website 108 may be performed to gauge the performance and/or the reliability of the target website 108 based on the set of command data) through executing the set of command data (e.g., command data 112 of FIG. 1) using the monitoring agents 110A-N.
Furthermore, another monitoring agent 110A-N of the peer-to-peer monitor network may be assigned automatically to monitor the target website 108 when any one of the monitoring agents 110A-N fails to perform the accessing the target website 108. Also, the target website 108 may be pinged to test an availability of the target website 108 based on the set of command data. Moreover, the monitoring websites 106A-N may be enabled to render a valued added service to clients of monitoring websites 106A-N through modifying the thin open source code to customize functions performed by the monitoring websites 106A-N.
The system includes the central module 102 to render an analysis of the target website 108 through applying the diagnostic data (e.g., the diagnostic data 212 of FIG. 2) assessing the target website 108. In addition, the system includes the monitoring agents 110A-N embedded to web servers (e.g., the web server 216 of FIG. 2) hosting the monitoring agents 110A-N to execute a set of command of the central module 102 to collect the diagnostic data.
Moreover, the system may include the master database 114 of the central module 102 to optimally assign the monitoring agents 110A-N to the target website 108 based on the parameter data (e.g., the parameter data may include the geographic locations of the each of monitoring agents 110A-N and/or a degree of coverage requested by the target website 108) and/or the capability of the each of the monitoring agents 110A-N.
FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the central module 102 of FIG. 1, according to one embodiment. Particularly, FIG. 2 illustrates the central module 102, the website 106, the target website 108, the monitoring agent 110A-N, the command data 112, the master database 114, a processor module 202, a GUI 204, a master table 206, an instruction module 208, an analytic module 210, a diagnostic data 212, an alert module 214, a web server 216, an internet service provider (ISP) 218, a target web server 220, a mobile device 222A-N, a user device 224, according to one embodiment.
The processor module 202 of the central module 102 may configure the set of command data (e.g., the command data 112 of FIGS. 1-2) based on the parameter data of the target website 108 and/or the capability of each of the monitoring agents 110A-N. The GUI 204 may display particular case of user interface for interacting with the user device 224 that may be capable of representing the diagnostic data (e.g., computer, cellular telephones, television sets etc) which may employ graphical images (e.g., geographical indicator of the monitoring agent 110A-N of FIG. 1) and/or widgets in addition to text to represent information and actions available to clients of the peer to peer monitoring network.
The master table 206 of the master database 114 may contain the parameter data of the target website 108 that may be utilized to assign the monitoring agent 110A-N to the target website 108. The instruction module 208 may enable the monitoring agent 110A-N of the website 106A-N to execute the set of command data of the central module 102 while accessing the target website 108 in the peer-to-peer monitor network.
The analytic module 210 may render the analysis of the target website 108 based on the parameter data of the target website 108. The diagnostic data 212 may be the data (e.g., performance data, reliability data, availability data, etc.) generated on accessing the target website 108 through the monitoring agent 110A-N. The alert module 214 may generate an alert signal to deliver to the mobile device 222A-N (e.g., a cell phone, a pager, a PDA, etc.) associated with the target website 108 when the diagnostic data 212 exceeds a threshold value.
The web server 216 may host the website 106 and may be responsible for accepting requests (e.g., a HTFP) from the clients and/or serving responses to the clients (e.g., the HTTP) along with an optional data content. The Internet service provider (ISP) 218 may be an entity (e.g., a business, an organization, etc.) that may be involved in providing the internet service to the web server 216 associated with the peer-to-peer monitor network. The target web server 220 may be a server that may be accessed by the web server 216 hosting the website 106 individually participated in the peer-to-peer monitor network.
The mobile device 222A-N may be (e.g., the cell phone, the pager, the PDA, etc.) associated with the target website 108 and/or may receive the alert signal(s) (e.g., an email, a text message, an audible alarm, etc.) from the alert module 214 when the diagnostic data 212 may exceed the threshold value. The user device 224 may be a laptop, a desktop, etc. that may display customized analysis associated with the target website 108 and may also enable the client to upload and/or download the data (e.g., the performance data, the reliability data, the availability data, etc.) associated with website.
In the example embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2, the central module 102 may communicate with the target web server 220. The processor module 202 of the central module may communicate with the master database 114, the instruction module 208 and the user device 224. The monitoring agent 110A-N of the web server 216 may communicate with the instruction module 208 and the analytic module 210 according to the example embodiment of FIG. 2. The alert module 214 of the central module 102 as illustrated in example embodiment of FIG. 2, may communicate directly with the mobile devices 222. The web server 216 may interact with the internet service provider 218 and the target web server 220.
For example, the diagnostic data 212 of the target website 108 may be generated based on the accessing the target website 108. The monitoring agents 110A-N (e.g., the monitoring agent 110A-N may be the thin open source code with less than 100 kilo-bytes in size) may be selected using an algorithm which considers a capability of the internet service provider (ISP) 218 of each of the websites 106, a capability of each web server 216 hosting the each of the websites 106, and/or a capability of the target web server 220 hosting the target website 108.
In addition, the customized analysis of the target website 108 may be rendered based on parameter data (e.g., the parameter data may include a frequency of the generating the diagnostic data 212 and/or a geographical coverage (e.g., the geographical coverage may include a local, regional, nationwide, continental and/or global coverage of the target website based on the parameter data of the target website 108) of the accessing the target website 108) of the target website 108. Also, the diagnostic data 212 may be communicated to the target website 108 and to the mobile device 222A-N associated with the target website 108.
Furthermore, the alert signal (e.g., the alert module 214 of FIG. 2) may be generated to deliver to the mobile device 222A-N associated with the target website 108 using an email, an text message, and/or an audible alarm when the diagnostic data 212 exceeds the threshold value. Additionally, rankings of a pre-selected set of major websites may be published periodically to the graphical user interface (GUI) 204 of the central module 102 based on a combination of the availability, the performance, and the reliability of the pre-selected set of the major websites (e.g., the pre-selected set of the major websites may be determined based on a number of factors including at least a popularity of the major websites).
Also, the set of command data (e.g., the set of command data may include the web address of the target website 108) having a list of time-stamped tasks associated with the target website 108 of the peer-to-peer monitor network may be parsed. Additionally, the set of command data (e.g., the command data 112 of FIG. 1-2) may be executed to collect the diagnostic data 212 of the target website 108. Furthermore, the diagnostic data 212 may be allocated to a memory space of the web server 216 hosting the monitoring agent 110A-N.
Moreover, the web address of the web server 216 hosting the monitoring agent 110A-N may be communicated to the central module 102 of the peer-to-peer monitor network when the monitoring agent 110A-N is embedded to the web server 216. In addition, the diagnostic data 212 may be communicated to the central module 102 during the executing the set of command data based on the list of time-stamped tasks.
The system may include the central module 102 to render an analysis of the target website 108 through applying the diagnostic data 212 assessing the target website 108. In addition, the system may include the monitoring agents 110A-N embedded to web servers 216 hosting the monitoring agents 110A-N to execute a set of command of the central module 102 to collect the diagnostic data 212.
The system may further include the processor module 202 of the central module 102 to configure the set of command data based on the parameter data of the target website 108 and/or a capability of monitoring agents 110A-N. Moreover, the system may include the master database 114 of the central module 102 to optimally assign the monitoring agents 110A-N to the target website 108 based on the parameter data (e.g., the parameter data may include the geographic locations of the each of monitoring agent 110A-N and/or a degree of coverage requested by the target website 108) and/or the capability of the each of the monitoring agents 110A-N.
FIG. 3 is a table view 300 showing details of the monitoring agent 110A-N of FIG. 1, according to one embodiment. Particularly, table view 300 of FIG. 3 illustrates a monitoring agent id field 302, a website URL field 304, a ISP field 306, a region field 308, a status field 310, a assigned target website field 312 and others field 314, according to one embodiment.
The monitoring agent id field 302 may display an id assigned by the central module 102 of FIG. 1 to the website 106A-N. The website URL field 304 may display the information associated with the address of the website 106A-N of FIG. 1 to which the monitoring agent id is assigned. The ISP field 306 may display the name of the internet service provider associated with the website 106A-N. The region field 308 may display information associated with the geographic location of the monitoring agent 110A-N.
The status field 310 may display the information associated with the status of the monitoring agent 110A-N accessing the assigned target website (e.g., the target website 108 of FIG. 1). The assigned target website field 312 may display the target website assigned to the any one of the monitoring agents. The others field 314 may display other information (e.g., feed back rating, parameter data, etc.) associated with the monitoring agent in the peer-to-peer monitor network.
In example embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3, the monitoring agent id field 302 displays “west 1025” in the first row, “east 5425” in the second row, and “pacific 204” in the third row of the monitoring agent id field 302 column. The website URL field 304 displays “youthworld.com” in the first row, “music4u.com” in the second row, and “hawaiitour.net” in the third row of the website URL field 304 column.
The ISP field 306 displays “SBC-Yahoo” in the first row, “Comcast” in the second row, and “SBC-Yahoo” in the third row of the ISP field 306 column of the table view 300 of FIG. 3. The region field 308 displays “CA” in the first row, “NY” in the second row, and “HI” in the third row of the region field 308 column.
The status field 3 1 0 displays “active” in the first row, “active” in the second row, and “inactive” in the third row of the status field 310 column as illustrated in example embodiment of FIG. 3. The assigned target website field 312 displays “Hangzhou 1” in the first row, “Hangzhou 1” in the second row, and “Hangzhou 1” in the third row of the assigned target website field 312 column of FIG. 3.
FIG. 4 is a user interface view of the GUI 204 of FIG. 2, according to one embodiment. Particularly, FIG. 4 illustrates a tool bar 400, a independent node distribution map 402, a performance chart 404, a user manage 406, a warning info 408, and a customized report chart 410, according to one embodiment.
The toolbar 400 may enable the user to access the various option through the browser window and may also allow customizing settings of the browser window of the GUI 204. The independent node distribution map 402 may facilitate the client to view the geographical location and distribution of the monitoring agents associated with the target website and other website(s). The performance chart 404 may display the information associated with the performance analysis of the target website.
The user manage 406 may enable the user of the peer-to-peer monitor network to manage (e.g., a view, a record, an update) his/her account details through the GUI 204. The warning info 408 may offer the information associated with the diagnostic data of the target website (e.g., the target website 108 of FIG. 1-2) and/or the alert signal delivered to the respective website when the diagnostic data reaches the threshold value. The customized report chart 410 may facilitate the user to view a monthly report (e.g., a performance report, a reliability report, an availability report, etc.) the associated with the website.
In example embodiment illustrated in FIG. 4, the user interface view of the GUI 204 may enable the user to access the detailed information (e.g., reports, performance analysis, geographical distribution, warning info, etc.) associated with the website (e.g., the target website 108 of FIG. 1) being monitored through peer-to-peer monitor network.
FIG. 5 is a detailed view of the warning info 408 of FIG. 4, according to one embodiment. Particularly, FIG. 5 illustrates a target website field 502, a time field 504, a diagnostic field 506, a threshold field 508, a status field 510, a monitoring agent id field 512, and others field 514, according to one embodiment.
The target website field 502 may display website being monitored through any number of monitoring agents (e.g., the monitoring agent 110A-N of FIG. 1) of the peer-to-peer monitored network. The time field 504 may display the date and/or time of the generation of the diagnostic data associated with the target website (e.g., the target website 108 of FIG. 1). The diagnostics field 506 may display at least one of the performance data, the reliability data, and/or the availability data associated with the particular target website.
The threshold field 508 may display a maximum value below which the website have to perform to obtain best results. The status field 510 may display the information associated with the performance, the reliability, and/or the availability of the specific target website based on the diagnostic data generated on accessing the specific target website. The status field 510 may display information, whether the diagnostic data associated with the specific target website generated is normal or is below the threshold value. The monitoring agent id field 512 may enable the user to view the monitoring agent id assigned by the central module (e.g., the central module 102 of FIG. 1) of the peer-to-peer monitor network through a hyperlink. The others field 514 may display an excess information associated with the specific target website such as degree of coverage, alert details, etc.
In the example embodiment illustrated in FIG. 5, the target website field 502 displays “Hangzhou 1” in the first row, “Hangzhou 2” in the second row and “Hangzhou 3” in the third row of the target website field 502 column of the warning info 408. The time field 504 displays “12/13/2006” in the first row, “12/15/2006” in the second row and “12/16/2006” in the third row of the time field 504 column illustrated in example embodiment of FIG. 5. The diagnostic field 506 displays “performance 1234 ms” in the first row, “availability 99.92%” in the second row and “reliability 99.98%” in the third row of the diagnostic field 506 column.
The threshold field 508 displays “1112 ms” in the first row, “99.95%” in the second row, and “99.5%” in the third row of the threshold field 508 column. The status field 510 displays “alert” in the first row, and “normal” in the second and third row of the status field 510 column of the warning info 408. The monitoring agent id field 512 displays a hyperlink “click to display” in the first, second and third row of the monitoring agent id field 512, according to the example embodiment illustrated in FIG. 5.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing a global distribution of the peer-to-peer monitor network, according to one embodiment. Particularly, FIG. 6 illustrates a network 600, a central module 602, North America 604, Asia 606, Europe 608, South America 610, a website 612A-N, a monitoring agent 614A-N, a website 616A-N, a monitoring agent 618A-B, a website 620A-N, a monitoring agent 622B-N, a website 624A-N, and a monitoring agent 626B-N, according to one embodiment.
The network 600 may enable the central module 602 to communicate the diagnostic data associated to the target website (612A-N, 616A-N, 620A-N, 624A-N) through the plurality of monitoring agent (614A, 614N, 618A, 618B, 622A, 622B, 626B, 626N) located in different geographical regions such as North America 604, Asia 606, Europe 608, South America 610, etc. The central module 602 may communicate with the any number of monitoring agents (614A, 614N, 618A, 618B, 622A, 622B, 626B, 626N) that may be globally distributed in the peer-to-peer monitor network in different geographical regions.
The monitoring agents (614A, 614N, 618A, 618B, 622A, 622B, 626B, 626N) may execute the set of command data to generate the diagnostic data of the target website (e.g., the website 612B, the website 616N, the website 620N, the website 624A, etc.) and may communicate the generated diagnostic data with the central module 602 located at a particular location.
The website (612A-N, 616A-N, 620A-N, 624A-N) may be website located in the any geographical locations and may be monitored through the any number of monitoring agents (614A, 614N, 618A, 618B, 622A, 622B, 626B, 626N) globally distributed in the peer-to-peer monitor network.
In example embodiment illustrated in FIG. 6, the central module 602 may communicate with the plurality of websites (612A-N, 616A-N, 620A-N, 624A-N) located in the different geographical region of North America 604, Asia 606, Europe 608 and South America 610 through the network 600. FIG. 6 illustrates the global distribution of the plurality of monitoring websites (612A-N, 616A-N, 620A-N, 624A-N) in North America 604, Asia 606, Europe 608, South America 610 that may be coordinated through the central module 602 of the peer-to-peer monitor network.
FIG. 7 is a detailed view of global distribution of a peer-to-peer monitor network in North America 604 of FIG. 6, according to one embodiment. Particularly FIG. 7 illustrates a central module 702, a target website 704, a monitoring agent 706A-L, a zone 1 734, a zone 2 736, a zone 3 738 and a zone 4 740, according to one embodiment.
The central module 702 may communicate the diagnostic data of the target website 704 through the any number of monitoring agents 706A-L located in different geographical regions in North America 604. The target website 704 embedded in a target server may be monitored through plurality of the monitoring agents 706A-L distributed in different zones (e.g., the zone 1, the zone 2, the zone 3, and the zone 4) of North America. 604. The monitoring agent 706A-L may access target website 704 to generate diagnostic data which may be the performance data, the availability data and/or the reliability data. The global distribution of a peer-to-peer monitoring network in North America 604 may be divided into different zones (e.g. the zone 1 734, the zone 2 736, the zone 3 738, the zone 4 740 of FIG. 7).
In one example embodiment illustrated in FIG. 7, San Jose 708, Santiago 710, Juno 712 and Honolulu 714 may be covered by the zone 1 734. The zone 2 736 may cover Boise 716, Phoenix 718, Denver 720 and Austin 722. Madison 724 may come under the zone 3 738. The zone 4 740 may cover Boston 726, Richmond 728, Atlanta 730 and Miami 732. In example embodiment illustrated in FIG. 7, the monitoring agents 704A-L distributed in the zone 1 734, the zone 2 736, the zone 3 738, the zone 4 740 of a peer-to-peer monitor network in North America 604 may communicate with the target website 704 located in a specific location (e.g. Austin 722 of the zone 2 736 of FIG. 7).
The central module 702 located in San Jose 708 may communicate with a plurality of monitoring agents 706A-L located in the zone 1 734, the zone 2 736, the zone 3 738, the zone 4 740 of a peer-to-peer monitor network in North America 604. In the example embodiment illustrated in FIG. 7, the target website 704 located in Austin 722 of zone 2 736 may be accessed by any of the monitoring agents 706A-L located in the zone 1 734, the zone 2 736, the zone 3 738, the zone 4 740 of the peer-to-peer monitoring network in North America 604 depending on the degree of coverage preferred by the target website 704.
FIG. 8 is a diagrammatic system view 800 of a data processing system in which any of the embodiments disclosed herein may be performed, according to one embodiment. Particularly, the diagrammatic system view 800 of FIG. 8 illustrates a processor 802, a main memory 804, a static memory 806, a bus 808, a video display 810, an alpha-numeric input device 812, a cursor control device 814, a drive unit 118, a signal generation device 818, a network interface device 820, a machine readable medium 822, instructions 824, and a network 826, according to one embodiment.
The diagrammatic system view 800 may indicate a personal computer and/or a data processing system in which one or more operations disclosed herein are performed. The processor 802 may be microprocessor, a state machine, an application specific integrated circuit, a field programmable gate array, etc. (e.g., Intel® Pentium® processor). The main memory 804 may be a dynamic random access memory and/or a primary memory of a computer system.
The static memory 806 may be a hard drive, a flash drive, and/or other memory information associated with the data processing system. The bus 808 may be an interconnection between various circuits and/or structures of the data processing system. The video display 810 may provide graphical representation of information on the data processing system. The alpha-numeric input device 812 may be a keypad, keyboard and/or any other input device of text (e.g., a special device to aid the physically handicapped). The cursor control device 814 may be a pointing device such as a mouse.
The drive unit 816 may be a hard drive, a storage system, and/or other longer term storage subsystem. The signal generation device 818 may be a bios and/or a functional operating system of the data processing system. The network interface device 820 may be a device that may perform interface functions such as code conversion, protocol conversion and/or buffering required for communication to and from the network 826. The machine readable medium 822 may provide instructions on which any of the methods disclosed herein may be performed. The instructions 824 may provide source code and/or data code to the processor 802 to enable any one/or more operations disclosed herein.
FIG. 9 is a process flow of the central module 102 of a peer-to-peer monitor network, according to one embodiment. In operation 902, one or more monitoring agents (e.g., the monitoring agent 110A-N of FIG. 1-2) of the peer-to-peer monitor network may be embedded to one or more websites individually participating in the peer-to-peer monitor network. In operation 904, a target website (e.g., the target website 108 of FIG. 1-2) of the peer-to-peer monitor network may be accessed through executing a set of command data (e.g., the command data 112 of FIG. 1-2) using one or more of the monitoring agents. In operation 906, one or more diagnostic data (e.g., the diagnostic data 212 of FIG. 2) of the target website may be generated based on the accessing the target website.
In operation 908, another monitoring agent of the peer-to-peer monitor network may be assigned automatically to monitor the target website when any one of the one or more of the monitoring agents fails to perform the accessing the target website. In operation 910, the target website may be pinged to test an availability of the target website based on the set of command data. In operation 912, a customized analysis of the target website may be rendered based on parameter data of the target website (e.g., the target website 108 of FIG. 1-2).
FIG. 10 is a process flow of monitoring the target website 108 of the peer-to-peer monitor network, according to one embodiment. In operation 1002, one or more monitoring agents (e.g., the monitoring agent 110A-N of FIG. 1) of a peer-to-peer monitor network may be embedded to one or more websites individually participating in the peer-to-peer monitor network. In operation 1004, a target website (e.g., the target website 108 of FIG. 1-2) of the peer-to-peer monitor network may be accessed through executing a set of command data (e.g., the command data 112 of FIG. 1-2) using one or more of the monitoring agents.
In operation 1006, one or more diagnostic data (e.g., the diagnostic data 212 of FIG. 2) of the target website may be generated based on the accessing the target website. In operation 1008, one or more diagnostic data may be communicated to the target website and/or to one or more mobile device (e.g., the mobile device 222A-N of FIG. 2) associated with the target website. In operation 1010, an alert signal (e.g., using the alert module 214 of FIG. 2) may be generated to deliver to the one or more mobile device associated with the target website using one or more of an email, a text message and/or an audible alarm when the one or more diagnostic data exceeds a threshold value.
FIG. 11 is a process flow of the monitoring agent 110A-N in the peer-to-peer monitored network, according to one embodiment. In operation 1102, a set of command data (e.g., the command data 112 of FIG. 1) having a list of time-stamped tasks associated with a target website (e.g., the target website 108 of FIG. 1-2) of a peer-to-peer monitor network may be parsed. In operation 1104, the set of command data may be executed to collect one or more diagnostic data (e.g., the diagnostic data 212 of FIG. 2) of the target website. In operation 1106, one or more diagnostic data may be allocated temporarily to a memory space of a web server (e.g., the web server 216 of FIG. 2) hosting a monitoring agent of the peer-to-peer network.
In operation 1108, a web address of a web server hosting a monitoring agent may be communicated to a central module (e.g., the central module 102 of FIG. 1) of a peer-to-peer monitor network when the monitoring agent is embedded to the web server. In operation 1110, one or more diagnostic data may be communicated to the central module during the executing the set of command data based on a list of time-stamped task.
Although the present embodiments have been described with reference to specific example embodiments, it will be evident that various modifications and changes may be made to these embodiments without departing from the broader spirit and scope of the various embodiments. For example, the various devices, modules, analyzers, generators, etc. described herein may be enabled and operated using hardware circuitry (e.g., CMOS based logic circuitry), firmware, software and/or any combination of hardware, firmware, and/or software (e.g., embodied in a machine readable medium). For example, the various electrical structure and methods may be embodied using transistors, logic gates, and electrical circuits (e.g., application specific integrated ASIC circuitry and/or in Digital Signal; Processor DSP circuitry).
For example the central module 102, the processor module 202, the instruction module 208, the analytic module 210, the alert module 214 and other modules of FIGS. 1-11 may be embodied through a central circuit, a processor circuit, an instruction circuit, an analytic circuit, an alert circuit and other circuits using one or more of the technologies described herein.
In addition, it will be appreciated that the various operations, processes, and methods disclosed herein may be embodied in a machine-readable medium and/or a machine accessible medium compatible with a data processing system (e.g., a computer system), and may be performed in any order. Accordingly, the specification and drawings are to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense.
generating at least one diagnostic data of the target website based on the accessing the target website.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one of the plurality of monitoring agents is selected using an algorithm which considers at least a capability of an internet service provider (ISP) of each of the plurality of websites, a capability of each web server hosting the each of the plurality of websites, and a capability of a web server hosting the target website.
3. The method of claim 2, further comprising automatically assigning another monitoring agent of the peer-to-peer monitor network to monitor the target website when any one of the at least one of the plurality of monitoring agents fails to perform the accessing the target website.
4. The method of claim 3, further comprising pinging the target website to test an availability of the target website based on the set of command data.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the accessing the target website is performed to gauge at least one of a performance and a reliability of the target website based on the set of command data.
6. The method of claim 4 further comprising rendering a customized analysis of the target website based on parameter data of the target website, wherein the parameter data to include a frequency of the generating the at least one diagnostic data and a geographical coverage of the accessing the target website.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the geographical coverage to include at least one of a local, regional, nationwide, continental and global coverage of the target website based on the parameter data of the target website.
8. The method of claim 7, further comprising communicating the at least one diagnostic data to the target website and to at least one mobile device associated with the target website.
9. The method of claim 8, further comprising generating an alert signal to deliver to the at least one mobile device associated with the target website using at least one of an email, a text message, and an audible alarm when the at least one diagnostic data exceeds a threshold value.
10. The method of claim 9, further comprising periodically publishing rankings of a pre-selected set of major websites to a graphical user interface (GUI) of the central module based on a combination of an availability, a performance, and a reliability of the pre-selected set of the major websites, wherein the pre-selected set of the major websites are determined based on a number of factors including at least a popularity of the major websites.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein the monitoring agent is a thin open source code with less than 100 kilo-bytes in size.
12. The method of claim 11, further comprising enabling the plurality of monitoring websites to render a valued added service to clients of the plurality of monitoring websites through modifying the thin open source code to customize functions performed by the plurality of monitoring websites.
13. The method of claim 1 in a form of a machine-readable medium embodying a set of instructions that, when executed by a machine, causes the machine to perform the method of claim 1.
temporarily allocating the at least one diagnostic data to a memory space of a web server hosting the monitoring agent.
15. The method of claim 14, further comprising communicating a web address of the web server hosting the monitoring agent to a central module of the peer-to-peer monitor network when the monitoring agent is embedded to the web server.
16. The method of claim 15, further comprising communicating the at least one diagnostic data to the central module during the executing the set of command data based on the list of time-stamped tasks.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein the set of command data to include a web address of the target website.
a plurality of monitoring agents embedded to web servers hosting the plurality of monitoring agents to execute a set of command data of the central module to collect the at least one diagnostic data.
19. The system of claim 18, further comprising a processor module of the central module to configure the set of command data based on parameter data of the target website and a capability of each of the at least one of the plurality of monitoring agents.
20. The system of claim 19, further comprising a master database of the central module to optimally assign at least one of the plurality of monitoring agents to the target website based on the parameter data and the capability of the each of the at least one of the plurality of monitoring agents, wherein the parameter data to include at least geographic locations of the each of the at least one of the plurality of monitoring agents and a degree of coverage requested by the target website.
US20060036675A1 (en) * 2004-04-26 2006-02-16 Crichlow Henry B Method and system for energy management and optimization. | 2019-04-22T21:21:17Z | https://patents.google.com/patent/US20080189406A1/en |
For the medieval confederation of Oghuz Turkic tribes in Western Asia, see Turkomania (disambiguation).
Anthem: "Garaşsyz Bitarap Türkmenistanyň Döwlet Gimni"
Turkmenistan (/tɜːrkˈmɛnɪstæn/ ( listen) or /tɜːrkmɛnɪˈstɑːn/ ( listen); Turkmen: Türkmenistan, pronounced [tʏɾkmɛnɪˈθtɑn]), formerly known as Turkmenia, officially the Republic of Turkmenistan, is a country in Central Asia, bordered by Kazakhstan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the north and east, Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the south and southwest, and the Caspian Sea to the west. Ashgabat is the capital and largest city. The population of the country is 5.6 million, the lowest of the Central Asian republics and one of the most sparsely populated in Asia.
Turkmenistan has been at the crossroads of civilizations for centuries. In medieval times, Merv was one of the great cities of the Islamic world and an important stop on the Silk Road, a caravan route used for trade with China until the mid-15th century. Annexed by the Russian Empire in 1881, Turkmenistan later figured prominently in the anti-Bolshevik movement in Central Asia. In 1925, Turkmenistan became a constituent republic of the Soviet Union, Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic (Turkmen SSR); it became independent upon the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.
Turkmenistan possesses the world's sixth largest reserves of natural gas resources. Most of the country is covered by the Karakum (Black Sand) Desert. From 1993 to 2017, citizens received government-provided electricity, water and natural gas free of charge.
The sovereign state of Turkmenistan was ruled by President for Life Saparmurat Niyazov (also known as Turkmenbashi) until his death in 2006. Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow was elected president in 2007. According to Human Rights Watch, "Turkmenistan remains one of the world’s most repressive countries. The country is virtually closed to independent scrutiny, media and religious freedoms are subject to draconian restrictions, and human rights defenders and other activists face the constant threat of government reprisal." After suspending the death penalty, the use of capital punishment was formally abolished in the 2008 constitution.
Muslim chroniclers like Ibn Kathir suggested that the etymology of Turkmenistan came from the words Türk and Iman (Arabic: إيمان, "faith, belief") in reference to a massive conversion to Islam of two hundred thousand households in the year 971.
Historically inhabited by the Indo-Iranians, the written history of Turkmenistan begins with its annexation by the Achaemenid Empire of Ancient Iran. In the 8th century AD, Turkic-speaking Oghuz tribes moved from Mongolia into present-day Central Asia. Part of a powerful confederation of tribes, these Oghuz formed the ethnic basis of the modern Turkmen population. In the 10th century, the name "Turkmen" was first applied to Oghuz groups that accepted Islam and began to occupy present-day Turkmenistan. There they were under the dominion of the Seljuk Empire, which was composed of Oghuz groups living in present-day Iran and Turkmenistan. Turkmen soldiers in the service of the empire played an important role in the spreading of Turkic culture when they migrated westward into present-day Azerbaijan and eastern Turkey.
In the 12th century, Turkmen and other tribes overthrew the Seljuk Empire. In the next century, the Mongols took over the more northern lands where the Turkmens had settled, scattering the Turkmens southward and contributing to the formation of new tribal groups. The sixteenth and eighteenth centuries saw a series of splits and confederations among the nomadic Turkmen tribes, who remained staunchly independent and inspired fear in their neighbors. By the 16th century, most of those tribes were under the nominal control of two sedentary Uzbek khanates, Khiva and Bukhoro. Turkmen soldiers were an important element of the Uzbek militaries of this period. In the 19th century, raids and rebellions by the Yomud Turkmen group resulted in that group's dispersal by the Uzbek rulers. According to Paul R. Spickard, "Prior to the Russian conquest, the Turkmen were known and feared for their involvement in the Central Asian slave trade."
Russian forces began occupying Turkmen territory late in the 19th century. From their Caspian Sea base at Krasnovodsk (now Turkmenbashi), the Russians eventually overcame the Uzbek khanates. In 1881, the last significant resistance in Turkmen territory was crushed at the Battle of Geok Tepe, and shortly thereafter Turkmenistan was annexed, together with adjoining Uzbek territory, into the Russian Empire. In 1916 the Russian Empire's participation in World War I resonated in Turkmenistan, as an anticonscription revolt swept most of Russian Central Asia. Although the Russian Revolution of 1917 had little direct impact, in the 1920s Turkmen forces joined Kazakhs, Kyrgyz, and Uzbeks in the so-called Basmachi Rebellion against the rule of the newly formed Soviet Union. In 1924 the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic was formed from the tsarist province of Transcaspia. By the late 1930s, Soviet reorganization of agriculture had destroyed what remained of the nomadic lifestyle in Turkmenistan, and Moscow controlled political life. The Ashgabat earthquake of 1948 killed over 110,000 people, amounting to two-thirds of the city's population.
During the next half-century, Turkmenistan played its designated economic role within the Soviet Union and remained outside the course of major world events. Even the major liberalization movement that shook Russia in the late 1980s had little impact. However, in 1990 the Supreme Soviet of Turkmenistan declared sovereignty as a nationalist response to perceived exploitation by Moscow. Although Turkmenistan was ill-prepared for independence and then-communist leader Saparmurat Niyazov preferred to preserve the Soviet Union, in October 1991 the fragmentation of that entity forced him to call a national referendum that approved independence. On 26 December 1991, the Soviet Union ceased to exist. Niyazov continued as Turkmenistan's chief of state, replacing communism with a unique brand of independent nationalism reinforced by a pervasive cult of personality. A 1994 referendum and legislation in 1999 abolished further requirements for the president to stand for re-election (although in 1992 he completely dominated the only presidential election in which he ran, as he was the only candidate and no one else was allowed to run for the office), making him effectively president for life. During his tenure, Niyazov conducted frequent purges of public officials and abolished organizations deemed threatening. Throughout the post-Soviet era, Turkmenistan has taken a neutral position on almost all international issues. Niyazov eschewed membership in regional organizations such as the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, and in the late 1990s he maintained relations with the Taliban and its chief opponent in Afghanistan, the Northern Alliance. He offered limited support to the military campaign against the Taliban following the 11 September 2001 attacks. In 2002 an alleged assassination attempt against Niyazov led to a new wave of security restrictions, dismissals of government officials, and restrictions placed on the media. Niyazov accused exiled former foreign minister Boris Shikhmuradov of having planned the attack.
Between 2002 and 2004, serious tension arose between Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan because of bilateral disputes and Niyazov's implication that Uzbekistan had a role in the 2002 assassination attempt. In 2004 a series of bilateral treaties restored friendly relations. In the parliamentary elections of December 2004 and January 2005, only Niyazov's party was represented, and no international monitors participated. In 2005 Niyazov exercised his dictatorial power by closing all hospitals outside Ashgabat and all rural libraries. The year 2006 saw intensification of the trends of arbitrary policy changes, shuffling of top officials, diminishing economic output outside the oil and gas sector, and isolation from regional and world organizations. China was among a very few nations to whom Turkmenistan made significant overtures. The sudden death of Niyazov at the end of 2006 left a complete vacuum of power, as his cult of personality, compared to the one of former president Kim Il-sung of North Korea, had precluded the naming of a successor. Deputy Prime Minister Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow, who was named interim head of government, won the special presidential election held in early February 2007. He was re-elected in 2012 with 97% of the vote.
After 69 years as part of the Soviet Union (including 67 years as a union republic), Turkmenistan declared its independence on 27 October 1991.
President for Life Saparmurat Niyazov, a former bureaucrat of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, ruled Turkmenistan from 1985, when he became head of the Communist Party of the Turkmen SSR, until his death in 2006. He retained absolute control over the country after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. On 28 December 1999, Niyazov was declared President for Life of Turkmenistan by the Mejlis (parliament), which itself had taken office a week earlier in elections that included only candidates hand-picked by President Niyazov. No opposition candidates were allowed.
Since the December 2006 death of Niyazov, Turkmenistan's leadership has made tentative moves to open up the country. His successor, President Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow, repealed some of Niyazov's most idiosyncratic policies, including banning opera and the circus for being "insufficiently Turkmen". In education, Berdimuhamedow's government increased basic education to ten years from nine years, and higher education was extended from four years to five. It also increased contacts with the West, which is eager for access to the country's natural gas riches.
The politics of Turkmenistan take place in the framework of a presidential republic, with the President both head of state and head of government. Under Niyazov, Turkmenistan had a one-party system; however, in September 2008, the People's Council unanimously passed a resolution adopting a new Constitution. The latter resulted in the abolition of the Council and a significant increase in the size of Parliament in December 2008 and also permits the formation of multiple political parties.
The former Communist Party, now known as the Democratic Party of Turkmenistan, is the dominant party. The second party, the Party of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs was established in August 2012. Political gatherings are illegal unless government sanctioned. In 2013 the first multi-party Parliamentary Elections were held in Turkmenistan. Turkmenistan was a one-party state from 1991 to 2012; however, the 2013 elections were widely seen as mere window dressing. In practice, all parties in parliament operate jointly under the direction of the DPT. There are no true opposition parties in the Turkmen parliament.
Turkmenistan's declaration of "permanent neutrality" was formally recognized by the United Nations in 1995. Former President Saparmurat Niyazov stated that the neutrality would prevent Turkmenistan from participating in multi-national defense organizations, but allows military assistance. Its neutral foreign policy has an important place in the country's constitution. Turkmenistan has diplomatic relations with 132 countries.
Turkmenistan has been widely criticised for human rights abuses and has imposed severe restrictions on foreign travel for its citizens. Discrimination against the country's ethnic minorities remains in practice. Universities have been encouraged to reject applicants with non-Turkmen surnames, especially ethnic Russians. It is forbidden to teach the customs and language of the Baloch, an ethnic minority.[citation needed] The same happens to Uzbeks, though the Uzbek language was formerly taught in some national schools.
According to Reporters Without Borders's 2014 World Press Freedom Index, Turkmenistan had the 3rd worst press freedom conditions in the world (178/180 countries), just before North Korea and Eritrea. It is considered to be one of the "10 Most Censored Countries". Each broadcast under Niyazov began with a pledge that the broadcaster's tongue will shrivel if he slanders the country, flag, or president.
Religious minorities are discriminated against for conscientious objection and practicing their religion by imprisonment, preventing foreign travel, confiscating copies of Christian literature or defamation. Many detainees who have been arrested for exercising their freedom of religion or belief, were tortured and subsequently sentenced to imprisonment, many of them without a court decision. Homosexual acts are illegal in Turkmenistan.
Despite the launch of Turkmenistan's first communication satellite—TurkmenSat 1—in April 2015, the Turkmen government banned all satellite dishes in Turkmenistan the same month. The statement issued by the government indicated that all existing satellite dishes would have to be removed or destroyed—despite the communications receiving antennas having been legally installed since 1995—in an effort by the government to fully block access of the population to many "hundreds of independent international media outlets which are currently accessible in the country only through satellite dishes, including all leading international news channels in different languages. The main target of this campaign is Radio Azatlyk, the Turkmen-language service of Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. It is the only independent source of information about Turkmenistan and the world in the Turkmen language and is widely listened to in the country."
Turkmenistan is divided into five provinces or welayatlar (singular welayat) and one capital city district. The provinces are subdivided into districts (etraplar, sing. etrap), which may be either counties or cities. According to the Constitution of Turkmenistan (Article 16 in the 2008 Constitution, Article 47 in the 1992 Constitution), some cities may have the status of welaýat (province) or etrap (district).
At 488,100 km2 (188,500 sq mi), Turkmenistan is the world's 52nd-largest country. It is slightly smaller than Spain and somewhat larger than the US state of California. It lies between latitudes 35° and 43° N, and longitudes 52° and 67° E. Over 80% of the country is covered by the Karakum Desert. The center of the country is dominated by the Turan Depression and the Karakum Desert. The Kopet Dag Range, along the southwestern border, reaches 2,912 metres (9,554 feet) at Kuh-e Rizeh (Mount Rizeh).
The Great Balkhan Range in the west of the country (Balkan Province) and the Köýtendag Range on the southeastern border with Uzbekistan (Lebap Province) are the only other significant elevations. The Great Balkhan Range rises to 1,880 metres (6,170 ft) at Mount Arlan and the highest summit in Turkmenistan is Ayrybaba in the Kugitangtau Range – 3,137 metres (10,292 ft). The Kopet Dag mountain range forms most of the border between Turkmenistan and Iran. Rivers include the Amu Darya, the Murghab, and the Tejen.
The Turkmen shore along the Caspian Sea is 1,748 kilometres (1,086 mi) long. The Caspian Sea is entirely landlocked, with no natural access to the ocean, although the Volga–Don Canal allows shipping access to and from the Black Sea.
The country possesses the world's sixth largest reserves of natural gas and substantial oil resources.
Saparmurat Hajji Mosque featured on the obsolete 10,000 manat banknote.
President Niyazov spent much of the country's revenue on extensively renovating cities, Ashgabat in particular. Corruption watchdogs voiced particular concern over the management of Turkmenistan's currency reserves, most of which are held in off-budget funds such as the Foreign Exchange Reserve Fund in the Deutsche Bank in Frankfurt, according to a report released in April 2006 by London-based non-governmental organization Global Witness.
According to the decree of the Peoples' Council of 14 August 2003, electricity, natural gas, water and salt will be subsidized for citizens up to 2030. Under current regulations, every citizen is entitled to 35 kilowatt hours of electricity and 50 cubic meters of natural gas each month. The state also provides 250 liters (66 gallons) of water per day. In addition car drivers were entitled to 120 litres of free petrol a month until 1 July 2014. Drivers of buses, lorries and tractors could get 200 litres of fuel and motorcyclists and scooter riders 40 litres free. On 5 September 2006, after Turkmenistan threatened to cut off supplies, Russia agreed to raise the price it pays for Turkmen natural gas from $65 to $100 per 1,000 cubic meters. Two-thirds of Turkmen gas goes through the Russian state-owned Gazprom.
As of May 2011[update], the Galkynysh Gas Field has the second-largest volume of gas in the world, after the South Pars field in the Persian Gulf. Reserves at the Galkynysh Gas Field are estimated at around 21.2 trillion cubic metres. The Turkmenistan Natural Gas Company (Türkmengaz), under the auspices of the Ministry of Oil and Gas, controls gas extraction in the country. Gas production is the most dynamic and promising sector of the national economy. In 2010 Ashgabat started a policy of diversifying export routes for its raw materials. China is set to become the largest buyer of gas from Turkmenistan over the coming years as a pipeline linking the two countries, through Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan, reaches full capacity. In addition to supplying Russia, China and Iran, Ashgabat took concrete measures to accelerate progress in the construction of the Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan and India pipeline (TAPI). Turkmenistan has previously estimated the cost of the project at $3.3 billion. On 21 May 2010, president Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow unexpectedly signed a decree stating that companies from Turkmenistan will build an internal East-West gas pipeline allowing the transfer of gas from the biggest deposits in Turkmenistan (Dowlatabad and Yoloten) to the Caspian coast. The East-West pipeline is planned to be 773-kilometre (483-mile) long and have a carrying capacity of 30 bn m³ annually, at a cost of between one and one and a half billion US dollars. The Trans-Caspian pipeline (TCP) project, backed by the European Union, has so far remained on paper, partly due to disputes about the Caspian Sea's legal status and Turkmenistan's refusal to sign production-sharing agreements with foreign companies for major hydrocarbon deposits.
The tourism industry has been growing rapidly in recent years, especially medical tourism. This is primarily due to the creation of the Avaza tourist zone on the Caspian Sea. Every traveler must obtain a visa before entering Turkmenistan. To obtain a tourist visa, citizens of most countries need visa support from a local travel agency. For tourists visiting Turkmenistan, there are organized tours with a visit to historical sites Daşoguz, Konye-Urgench, Nisa, Merv, Mary, beach tours to Avaza and medical tours and holidays in Mollakara, Yylly suw and Archman.
Most of Turkmenistan's citizens are ethnic Turkmens with sizeable minorities of Uzbeks and Russians. Smaller minorities include Kazakhs, Tatars, Ukrainians, Kurds (native to Kopet Dagh mountains), Armenians, Azeris, Balochs and Pashtuns. The percentage of ethnic Russians in Turkmenistan dropped from 18.6% in 1939 to 9.5% in 1989. In 2012 it was confirmed that the population of Turkmenistan decreased due to some specific factors[which?] and is less than the previously estimated 5 million.
Turkmen ( Turkic language / Oghuz language ) is the official language of Turkmenistan (per the 1992 Constitution), although Russian still is widely spoken in cities as a "language of inter-ethnic communication". Turkmen is spoken by 72% of the population, Russian 12%, Uzbek 9%, and other languages 7%. (Russian (349,000), Uzbek (317,000), Kazakh (88,000), Tatar (40,400), Ukrainian (37,118), Azerbaijani (33,000), Armenian (32,000), Northern Kurdish (20,000), Lezgian (10,400), Persian (8,000), Belarusian (5,290), Erzya (3,490), Korean (3,490), Bashkir (2,610), Karakalpak (2,540), Ossetic (1,890), Dargwa (1,600), Lak (1,590), Tajik (1,280), Georgian (1,050), Lithuanian (224), Tabasaran (180), Dungan).
According to the CIA World Factbook, Muslims constitute 89% of the population while 9% of the population are followers of the Eastern Orthodox Church and the remaining 2% religion is reported as non-religious. However, according to a 2009 Pew Research Center report, 93.1% of Turkmenistan's population is Muslim.
Former president Saparmurat Niyazov ordered that basic Islamic principles be taught in public schools. More religious institutions, including religious schools and mosques, have appeared, many with the support of Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and Turkey. Religious classes are held in both schools and mosques, with instruction in Arabic language, the Qur'an and the hadith, and history of Islam.
Most Christians in Turkmenistan belong to Eastern Orthodoxy (about 5% of the population). The Russian Orthodox Church is under the jurisdiction of the Russian Orthodox Archbishop in Tashkent, Uzbekistan. There are three Russian Orthodox Churches in Ashgabat, two in Turkmenabat, in Mary, Turkmenbashi, Balkanabat, Bayram-Ali and Dushauguze one each. The highest Russian Orthodox priest in Turkmenistan is based in Ashgabat. There is one Russian orthodox monastery, in Ashgabat. Turkmenistan has no Russian Orthodox seminary, however.
There are also small communities of the following denominations: the Armenian Apostolic Church, the Roman Catholic Church, Pentecostal Christians, the Protestant Word of Life Church, the Greater Grace World Outreach Church, the New Apostolic Church, Jehovah's Witnesses, Jews, and several unaffiliated, nondenominational evangelical Christian groups. In addition, there are small communities of Baha'is, Baptists, Seventh-day Adventists, and Hare Krishnas.
The history of Bahá'í Faith in Turkmenistan is as old as the religion itself, and Bahá'í communities still exist today. The first Bahá'í House of Worship was built in Ashgabat at the beginning of the twentieth century. It was seized by the Soviets in the 1920s and converted to an art gallery. It was heavily damaged in the earthquake of 1948 and later demolished. The site was converted to a public park.
There are a number of newspapers and monthly magazines published in Turkmenistan. Turkmenistan currently broadcasts 7 national TV channels through satellite. They are Altyn asyr, Yashlyk, Miras, Turkmenistan (in 7 languages), Türkmen Owazy, Turkmen sporty and Ashgabat. There are no commercial or private TV stations. Articles published by the state-controlled newspapers are heavily censored and written to glorify the state and its leader.
The task for modern Turkmen architecture is diverse application of modern aesthetics, the search for an architect's own artistic style and inclusion of the existing historico-cultural environment. Most buildings are faced with white marble. Major projects such as Turkmenistan Tower, Bagt köşgi, Alem Cultural and Entertainment Center have transformed the country's skyline and promotes its contemporary identity.
Turkmenistan's cities of Turkmenbashi and Ashgabat both have scheduled commercial air service. The largest airport is Ashgabat Airport, with regular international flights. Additionally, scheduled international flights are available to Turkmenbashi. The principal government-managed airline of Turkmenistan is Turkmenistan Airlines. It is also the largest airline operating in Turkmenistan. Turkmenistan Airlines' passenger fleet is composed only of American Boeing aircraft. Air transport carries more than two thousand passengers daily in the country. International flights annually transport over half a million people into and out of Turkmenistan. Turkmenistan Airlines operates regular flights to Moscow, London, Frankfurt, Birmingham, Bangkok, Delhi, Abu Dhabi, Amritsar, Kiev, Lviv, Beijing, Istanbul, Minsk, Almaty, Tashkent and St. Petersburg.
Since 1962, the Turkmenbashi International Seaport operates a ferry to the port of Baku, Azerbaijan. In recent years there has been increased tanker transport of oil. The port of Turkmenbashi, associated rail ferries to the ports of the Caspian Sea (Baku, Aktau). In 2011, it was announced that the port of Turkmenbashi will be completely renovated. The project involves the reconstruction of the terminal disassembly of old and construction of new berths.
Rail is one of the main modes of transport in Turkmenistan. Trains have been used in the nation since 1876. Originally it was part of the Trans-Caspian railway, then the Central Asian Railway, after the collapse of the USSR, the railway network in Turkmenistan owned and operated by state-owned Türkmendemirýollary. The total length of railways is 3181 km. Passenger traffic railways of Turkmenistan is limited by national borders of the country, except in the areas along which the transit trains coming from Tajikistan to Uzbekistan and beyond. Locomotive fleet consists of a series of soviet-made locomotives 2TE10L, 2TE10U, 2M62U also have several locomotives made in China. Shunting locomotives include Soviet-made TEM2, TEM2U, CME3. Currently under construction railway Kazakhstan-Turkmenistan-Iran and Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-Tajikistan.
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12 Best Fishing Kayak Reviews 2019 - Sit-On-Top or Sit-In?
Tired of fishing from shore and wishing you were out on the water? A kayak may be the right choice. Kayaks are environmentally friendly, healthy, and generally less expensive than motorized boats. But there are so many options out there that it’s hard to know what the differences are, let alone which model to buy. Our fishing kayak buying guide below will help you learn what to look for in the best fishing kayak for you, and the following reviews outline the features of each model.
3.0.1 I’ve never kayaked before. Can I fish from a kayak?
3.0.2 What if I tip over?
3.0.3 But I can’t swim!
3.0.4 Don’t big fish pull you?
3.0.6 Where do you put the fish you catch?
3.0.7 Should I buy a tandem?
3.0.8 How can I test a kayak I’m interested in?
3.0.9 How can I get started with kayak fishing?
3.0.10 Are there other options than the ones reviewed here?
What makes a Kayak the best? It has to be stable, track well, be comfortable enough to go all day, glide easily through the water, and have the amenities to take it above the run of the mill boats. It’s no easy task! As a general rule, a boat that tracks well isn’t that stable. But in this case, Ocean Kayaks nailed it all.
Ocean Kayak has been making kayaks for a long time and the Prowler Big Game is several generations old. You can tell they put in the time and effort to learn from their past and make a solid fishing platform capable of getting you to the fish quickly and with enough comfort to stay all day.
Above all, the Prowler Big Game is stable. Super stable. Stand up and fly fish stable. But it still tracks well and you can get enough speed not to get stranded in moving water. It comes with a storage hatch in the bow and a spacious hatch in the center to keep everything you may need while on the water. There are two rod holders molded in and six accessory plates for mounting more. It even comes with a scupper that is designed to be compatible with your fishfinder’s transducer. With a little time, you can turn this boat into a beast of a fishing kayak.
Hobie has been widely recognized for years as the kayak that can get you to the fish with plenty of energy for a long day of casting. The Mirage was one of their first kayaks made just for fishing and with years of polish, this kayak is still one of the best on the market.
With Hobie’s MirageDrive technology, you don’t need a paddle to get where you are going and unlike traditional peddled boats, you generate power with both the push and pull stroke. This is perhaps the best kayak ever made for trolling and is an all-around solid kayak for any type of fishing.
In addition to the drive mechanism, this boat has a ton of under deck storage and a rail system with enough room to mount anything you may want to mount. The chair is super comfortable all day. The Mirage tracks with best of them and is easily stable enough to stand up and cast. Just like the prowler, this is a roomy boat with great features. The only thing that knocks it out of the number 1 spot is the price.
Feel Free is a newer name on the market but have taken it by storm! They have made a huge name for themselves in kayak fishing competitions and with anglers around the country. It’s easy to see why with Lure series. They track smooth and run fast while being plenty stable. It may not be the best for stand up casting but with a little practice, it works just fine.
The Lure is an all-around great kayak with great features. The front tank well is more accessible than most kayaks and features a built-in cutting board. There is a very spacious console, molded in rod holders, and plenty of attachment points for any other gear you may need. Feel Free’s removable fishing pod makes installation and storage of your fishfinder a breeze. And I cannot fail to mention their seat which is perhaps the most comfortable ever mounted in a kayak!
New companies come into the market with the competition on their mind. They have something to prove. Feel Free has proven it can run with the big dogs with a fully featured kayak and for a price that can get most anyone on the water. This is a company to watch and a kayak that is a definite contender!
Designing a kayak isn’t the easiest of tasks, designing one to hold two people is even harder. You can’t just scale up a normal kayak and stick in a second seat if you want to end up with a stable boat. For a fishing kayak, that second person in the boat makes storage a lot more difficult to deal with. Despite the difficulty, Jackson Kayak took on the challenge with great success!
The Kilroy DT is one of the finest tandem kayaks made. Special care was taken in the hull design and layout of attachment points and storage to allow for that second person. The boat is wider but tapers more sharply than a standard kayak design. Even loaded with two people and gear, it’s a very stable kayak that tracks well.
In order to be a good fishing kayak, you need places for your gear. The Kilroy DT has plenty! With a rear hatch, full length attachment rails, and waterproof storage on each seat, you can have plenty of gear at hand. The seats are comfortable and can be removed to turn this kayak into a one man show if no friends are present. No matter how you use it, this is a good kayak all around.
Old Town started making canoes probably around the same time that Noah started building the Arc. They came early to the kayak market and were there at the inception of kayaks specifically bred for fishing. They have never gone over the top on a product but have produced consistently good products every time.
Unlike a lot of kayaks, the Predator has a deep hull. Even with their slightly elevated seat, this is a super stable kayak when moving or sitting still. It’s also quite spacious with all of the storage you could need including a large center console and bow storage hatch. Everything is as customizable as can be with plenty of locations for rod holders or any other gear. And it comes ready for your Humminbird fishfinder.
Old Town kayaks have a reputation for being built like a rock! Heavy but stable and near indestructible. The Predator is no exception. Standing and casting is no problem. You could probably dance on this kayak without a worry. Next to the Big Game II, this may be the most stable kayak on the market.
It almost seems that the old style sit in kayaks have gone the way of the dodo, especially for kayaks geared toward fishermen. If you do find a traditional fishing kayak, it’s often made cheaply and does a very poor job. But one company hasn’t given up on kayaking’s historic beginnings. Third Coast still produces kayaks like those of years past that do their job well and are good quality for the price.
The Huron 120 has borrowed a lot of the most successful features from modern Sit-On style kayaks. It has front and rear storage hatches, molded in rod holders, and front accessory rails. The overall body shape is also reminiscent of some of today’s most modern kayaks.
The seating in the Huron isn’t bad. You may not be able to sit in it all day but with a break here and there, you can get a lot of fishing done. Tracking is top notch, even with the wider body the boat sits well in the water and glides easily. If you have a need to keep dry or just prefer the old style kayaks, you could do a lot worse than one made by Third Coast.
With all of this competition, what could a 5 year old company do to have a chance? Produce a product that attempts to blend some of the best features of some of the big names but at a price hundreds less. That is exactly what Vibe has done with their excellent line of Sea Ghost kayaks.
Sometimes it’s not about innovation. Kayaks have progressed about as far as you can. Sometimes you just borrow what is proven, put a little personal spin on it, and make one hell of a kayak. It may not be as stable as the Old Town or as fast as Hobie but it is a good split between the two. It’s plenty stable and with its toe controlled rudder, it will track with the best of them.
The Sea Ghost has all of the features of the big dogs, rod holders and mounting points, bow hatch and console. It’s just a little less refined and maybe a little less durable. The seat is top notch and plenty comfortable for hours on the water. If you are willing to go out on a limb and take a chance with a new company, you should be happy with Vibe’s Sea Ghost!
The main problem with an inflatable kayak is the lack of a defined hull shape makes them feel more like you are paddling a log than a proper boat. When you add weight, the bottom sags and it almost feels like you are just sitting still no matter how hard you paddle. For a fishing platform, inflatables have always been problematic. Who could have guessed that a company known for its lighters and pens could developed the most innovative inflatable kayak on the market?
The Yakkair is probably the best you could get in an inflatable and is one of a very few designed for fishing. It has rod holders, some small amount of storage, and when you are transporting it, folds into a backpack for easy carrying. For those without the means to get a full size kayak to the water, this is your answer!
No matter what they advertise, this is not as maneuverable as a standard kayak but it does maneuver and track quite well. Thanks to its semi-rigid bottom, it’s quite stable. Though meant for two people, leave out a seat and you have a decent boat for solo expeditions. All in all, this is a solid kayak that even outperforms some of the cheaper hard body kayaks.
Bonafide hit the market with a very small selection of fishing kayaks. They didn’t bother designing kayaks for any other activity than fishing. That’s all they worked toward and all they needed. And they did a pretty damn good job at it!
The SS107 feels big and feels stable even at its small 10’ size. Its body is solid and robust but most everything else feels a little cheap. The front hatch and console are not what you would expect on a kayak costing better than a grand. It also handles a bit like a barge.
Still, if what you want is a solid, dependable boat for small water, Bonafide is a good choice. It’s comfortable and a very stable platform for fishing as long as you aren’t going far. Its unique shape handles rougher water surprisingly well but I wouldn’t want to try to battle surf without better tracking. For a first timer or occasional user, this is an adequate choice.
Sometimes the hardest part about kayak fishing is affording a kayak, especially if you are in the market for a full-featured kayak. Sun Dolphin has a less than great reputation with its cheaper kayaks sold at big box stores but the Boss SS is a solid attempt at a proper kayak.
The Boss SS is a very comfortable kayak unlike the big box models and is surprisingly stable, even with a heavier load. It has a front storage well but not one that is very roomy. There is plenty of on-deck storage but for anything you want to keep below, it better be compact. It does come with two molded-in rod holders and a single swivel holder which is quite nice for the price.
Tracking is something this kayak doesn’t do great. It has a lot of wiggle with its catamaran design and rounded nose with no noticeable bow for cutting through water. But if you are new or aren’t going far, this is a decent kayak to get a start in the hobby.
The primary job of any boat, even a budget one, is to keep the people on one side and the water on the other. It helps a lot if the boat sails well and has a bit of comfort. That is sort of the starting point with most budget kayaks but Pelican Sport has gone a little further in their budget kayak line.
Sure, you won’t find much in the way of creature comforts, great features, or rugged durability but you will get a boat that glides through the water fairly easy and is, all in all, quite stable. I wouldn’t want to stand and cast but I feel pretty comfortable casting while sitting. It has one standard mount rod holder, two flush mounted holders, and a front hatch. That about rounds out the standard features.
What this boat doesn’t have is a comfortable seat. I am sure younger people with healthy spines would do well but for those of us with a little back trouble, a better seat is preferred. The Strike also has a thinner plastic hull. It feels a little cheap and in rough water, it almost feels like it flexes. It isn’t the most comfortable but it is quite capable. If this is what fits your budget, it’s a worthy kayak to get you out and fishing.
Not just satisfied with adding a motor, the Wind Walker also has a ton of unique features and plenty of standard ones. You have a somewhat spacious bow hatch, small center console, and plenty of rod holders. The seat is comfortable and doesn’t sit too low. The back end does the splits for a lot of stability and with the stand-up bar, moving around in this boat is a non-issue.
1. Design – All but one of the fishing kayaks we’re reviewing are sit-on-top (SOT) kayaks, not sit-inside (SINK) boats. They shed water easily through holes called scuppers and allow for more flexibility with storage space and body position. In other words, they’re made for fishing. You might get wet from water coming up through the scuppers, especially if your weight is close to the boat’s maximum capacity. You can also buy or make scupper plugs.
2. Comfort – More comfortable kayaks will have adjustable footrests. The seat(s) won’t simply be a cushion or molded plastic, and it will be elevated off the hull to avoid sitting in the water that comes up through the scuppers. Many boats have removable seats, meaning you can exchange them for more comfortable ones. For the molded plastic seats, add a cushion or two. You’ll thank us later.
3. Stability – The more you’re going to stand in your kayak, the more stable boat you want. A good indicator of stability is the width, although the boat’s design also contributes to stability. For fishing offshore or in high winds, you may need a large boat or an outrigger.
4. Tracking – Longer, thinner boats move faster and track better, that is, they more easily stay in line rather than spinning in a circle. Some boats come with a rudder, while others have a keel or skeg, which are fins that extend into the water below the boat and help it track straight and maintain stability.
5. Fishing Accessories – Kayaks rigged for fishing come with rod holders (“cupholder” flush mounts and swiveling deck mounts), anchor systems for attaching coolers and live wells, and even mounts for GPS receivers and fish finders. Watch that the fishing gear doesn’t get in the way of paddling, and that it’s mounted in an accessible place.
6. Storage – Higher-end boats have quality above-deck shock cord rigging and plenty of anchor points for tackle systems and coolers, as well as large, sealed dry-storage compartments. Maximum weight capacities range from 250 to 500 lbs. If you weigh more than 200 lbs or plan to carry live bait or a lot of gear, perhaps on a multi-day trip, look for a larger boat with a high maximum capacity.
7. Propulsion – The age-old debate: paddle versus pedal. Pedal propulsion systems keep your hands free for fishing and steering, and they keep a shorter boat tracking better. They’re less fatiguing over long distances but also heavier and more expensive. It’s possible, with many kayaks, to add a light trolling motor for the long hauls. All but two of the kayaks we review below are paddle propelled, the only pedal systems being part of the nicest models.
8. Portability – Long, heavy boats will be more difficult to store and transport, especially if carrying them on a roof rack rather than on a trailer. The more carrying handles that come on a boat, the better. Two is typical for cheaper kayaks, while higher-end models have four or more.
I’ve never kayaked before. Can I fish from a kayak?
Anyone can fish from a kayak. Even the cheapest rod with the cheapest reel cast from the cheapest kayak will get you out on the water, and that’s what matters. Fishing kayaks are made in all sizes, so no matter your size, there’s sure to be one (or many) that fits you.
It’s unlikely that you’ll capsize if you remember to keep your head down the midline of your boat, but if you’re going more than swimming distance from shore, it’s still smart to learn how to get back, just in case. Go for a swim with your boat in a lake, pond, pool, whatever you can, and get to know how to flip it back over and get back in. A SOK will drain automatically.
Tip: when you’re in the water, flip the boat back over from the end, not the side. See here for how to do it.
Okay, you should learn how to swim before kayak fishing. In the meantime, try wading from shore.
Don’t big fish pull you?
Yes. Enjoy the ride! Even very large fish won’t capsize your kayak if you have a feel for your boat.
The cheaper models, yes, are definitely uncomfortable. But on the nicer models, the seats are basically recliners. If you can sit comfortably in a lawn chair, you won’t find these seats any different. They’re made for all-day outings.
Where do you put the fish you catch?
Catch and release is a common practice, so often fishermen put them straight back in the water, moving the fish back and forth to push water through the gills and revive the fish. You can also easily take a small cooler with ice for preserving your dinner, or you can put the fish you catch on a stringer and hang them in the water. Disclaimer: fish you put on a stringer might not be there the next time you look.
Should I buy a tandem?
There’s a saying when buying a boat that you should buy one for 95% of the conditions you’ll face, rather than the rare exceptions. Unless you have a devoted fishing partner who will always, always go with you and can’t or won’t pilot their own boat, we recommend a single, or two. If you want to teach a child how to fish, then a tandem might be the right choice.
How can I test a kayak I’m interested in?
Ask your local paddle shop about demo days. Comparing kayaks side-by-side will help you get a feel for what you want. Don’t forget your fishing rod! Apart from demo days, try a local paddle club (see link below); members may allow you to try out their boats.
There’s no better way to learn than by doing. If possible, ask a friend to take you out on the water. The internet is also a great resource; there’s so much to be learned from reading and asking questions on forums like this one.
Are there other options than the ones reviewed here?
Yes. If none of the above boats fit the bill, ask people who know kayak fishing, either on the internet or in person. On forums, provide your height, weight, fishing style (or desired fishing style), and other pertinent information like limited storage space. People will be more than happy to help you. Kayak fishermen are happy people, because they go kayaking all the time!
Don’t overlook the value of going to your local boat shop. They’ll know what kind of fish are in your area, where to go for them, what you need to catch them, and special considerations for your area that will be tougher to find on the internet. If you don’t have a local shop, contact a paddle club in your area. Check out this website to find a paddle club in your area of the U.S.
Unless you’re a professional fisherman or a very advanced amateur, one of the cheap or intermediate kayaks reviewed above will fit your needs. A test paddle (or pedal) should tell you a bit about what will work for you. A width of 33 versus 31 inches doesn’t matter if the narrower one feels more stable to you; the feel is what’s going to keep you happy time after time out there on the water. Now get out there and catch some fish!
I can honestly say that I have never seen anyone fish from a kayak like these. I can imagine they are great for getting to the one place you want to get to without having to tow around a boat trailer. Pretty sweet!
I really like the FAQ section at the bottom of your website. If you are not getting the right amount of information from what you have posted, that is always an option and it could answer some very important questions people like to ask before buying.
I have a friend that uses a fishing kayak on the big Lake Michigan and he swears by it. At first, I was not feeling the same way, but then I gave it a try and I could NOT believe the amount of control that I had when inside one.
The “check price and Amazon rating” option amazed me. The whole write up is very much information with real facts. The Kayak lovers like me will love this website.
Wow what a great write up I always find that comparison table are the best way to review a prodduct once you have narrowed it down to one or two!
Thanks to Sammy for sharing much more exclusive information about the best fishing kayak. Personally, I prefer to Feelfree Moken 12.5.
Feelfree Moken 12.5 is a Great kayak!!! It’s Molded in handles, wheel in the keel, stability, seat, uni track system, milk crate keepers. Paddle holders are a little rear but I don’t mind it. The front hatch can be accessed while on the water because it’s so stable. I can stand bow before the front hatch to make a dismount onto land. The hatch between your legs is deep enough for an extra reel, rod holder, and small tackle boxes.
Great tone of writing. I love it. Hope others people also love to read it. Keep rocking!!!
I am coming to Oak Ridge in September. I would like to fly fish the local river there.
Can you recommend a local guide service for the area.
I personally like sit on tops. They are just that much more comfortable. To each their own though.
Thanks for the detailed guide. Never tried kayaking, but wanna do next summer. | 2019-04-23T12:00:42Z | https://www.soutdoors.com/best-fishing-kayak-reviews/ |
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A few years ago we released our short film online and then shared the tactics we used to get views and industry attention in one of our most popular articles titled How We Launched Our Film Online. In the years since, we’ve had the pleasure of working with thousands of filmmakers to release their short films to millions of people around the world, many of which have gone on to achieve amazing things.
Over the past year, we’ve interviewed and surveyed hundreds of successful filmmakers to understand directly what works and what doesn’t when releasing a film today. What becomes immediately clear is the widening chasm between what most filmmakers actually care about and what the conventional approach delivers.
Fear not! A major shift is underway, and a new path is emerging! One built on an understanding of the fundamental disruption that has reshaped our media landscape over the past decade. This guide is for anyone looking to harness the full potential of their film. For you, we want to share our secret sauce—the release strategy that we’ve been honing for years to help filmmakers reach audiences around the world and kickstart their careers.
Making a short film is a long, tough journey, and releasing it to the world can be one of the most stressful moments you’ll face in the process. Where to start? Where do you premiere? Which festivals? Which online sites? Which platform? How do you think about sales? Will anyone see it? Will anyone care?! Hold up for just a sec there, partner. First thing first: ask yourself what it is that you really want from your short film release.
We recently surveyed hundreds of experienced filmmakers who’ve gone through the process of making, and releasing, a short film (some multiple times), and across the board two things stand out as the most important outcomes from a successful short film release: opening up new career opportunities, and finding an audience.
While short films are amazing works of art all their own, for many ambitious filmmakers they primarily serve as a proving ground for something bigger. You make a short film so that you can make a feature film, or a hit Netflix series, or a Cartoon Network show, or to join a commercial roster, or simply establish yourself and connect with other talented collaborators. Short films are a great way to showcase your voice as a filmmaker and kickstart your filmmaking career.
Ultimately what drives opportunities in today’s media landscape is exposure. Hundreds of filmmakers featured on Short of the Week have gone on to bigger things, from Hollywood films to streaming deals, festival breakouts to Super Bowl commercials. Behind every one of those successes is an accelerator—an executive handing the keys to a franchise, a financier greenlighting a project, or an an experienced producer who hops onboard a talented writer/director’s script. The common factor is exposure to the right person who can recognize talent and accelerate a filmmaker’s ambitions.
Every aspect of an exhibition and distribution strategy should be laser-focused on maximizing the opportunity that your work is discovered by the right person. A hundred million views online won’t guarantee that you land a Netflix deal, nor does a mere 100 views forgo that possibility. But being seen as much as possible progressively increases your odds.
For the past decade, the conventional strategy has been to stretch out your film release over years, starting with a festival run, incorporating a sales period with exclusivity windows, and culminating in an online release. This worked in a system controlled by gatekeepers. But in today’s world driven by exposure and discovery, there is a better way.
Be Everywhere. You can now reach millions of people around the world. Go to where the audiences are and get your short film on as many platforms as you can. Lower barriers to make it as easy to view and share your film as possible. You likely don’t know the producer, manager, or intern who may discover you or the editor who may feature you on a big platform. Broaden your reach and allow serendipity to happen.
All At Once. We live in an increasingly noisy world. Your goal is to pierce through that noise by compressing your film’s release window to build momentum. It’s a tactic that marketers have used successfully in other industries like music, where big albums today are surprise drops rather than long unveilings. Deliver your message with one massive swing of the hammer rather than multiple light taps. In a noisy world, it works.
It also saves time. Rather than spend two years slowly rolling out a short film and getting a response back in piecemeal, push it all at once and get a response, and get back to making films. This rapid feedback is really important to filmmakers still developing their voice. Consider The Daniels, who made and released dozens of wacky short films and music videos, honing their unmistakable blend of absurd humor and emotion, before tackling their Sundance prize-winning feature, Swiss Army Man.
Here’s how you can put Be Everywhere All At Once into action.
As trailblazers in promoting free online releases of short films, we’ve occasionally been accused of fomenting a “festivals vs. online” debate. If you adhere to a ‘Be Everywhere All At Once’ mindset, you realize that any and all exhibition avenues are simply opportunities to pursue exposure with the goals of audience and opportunity. What’s important is to think strategically about these avenues’ strengths and weaknesses and relate them back to your particular circumstance.
Film festivals hold a special allure for filmmakers, so it’s important to be clear-eyed about what to expect. Festivals are a great way to experience the thrill of watching your film in front of a live audience. They’re also a great place to build relationships with other filmmakers and programmers. Top-tier festivals can provide critical validation, something that can open doors throughout your career and act as criteria for approving future projects. All of these are good things.
However, many filmmakers overvalue the impact that a festival can realistically have on their career trajectory. Even at top-tier film festivals, short films are often an after-thought amidst the buzz and celebrity of the feature film programs, and attending screenings is an inefficient use of key decision-makers’ time, so few (if any) attend.
The vast reach and accessibility of the internet means that your film can reach an audience of millions. Online is how a short film like Kirsten Lepore’s lovable Hi Stranger can go from a small release on Vimeo to a segment on Stephen Colbert’s The Late Show. For most filmmakers, online now presents their biggest opportunity to connect with audiences and generate interest. As the world of online creators is exploding, agencies, managers, producers, development teams are increasingly skipping festivals and turning first to online sites in search of new filmmaking voices. It’s much easier for an intern or assistant at a studio or production company to share a link to an online film with their boss or partners. The next generation of filmmakers are now being discovered online.
Don’t Submit to Hundreds of Film Festivals!
Many filmmakers are spending too much money (avg $1537) submitting to too many festivals (avg 65) and wasting too much time (avg 24-month festival run) for too little exposure. Outside the top-tier festivals, you’re likely playing to a local audience limited to those who can attend the screening. Furthermore, since the strength of festivals is the power to forge relationships through face-to-face contact, don’t pay to submit to festivals that you won’t attend!
Tip: Don’t cover your promotional materials with 100+ laurels from small festivals. It may impress your parents, but what this says to programmers like us is that you don’t really know what you’re doing and you’ve wasted a lot of valuable time. There are only a handful of festivals that offer any real prestige.
Just as many filmmakers overvalue festivals, many also undervalue their online release. One of the top regrets we hear from filmmakers is that they waited too long to put their film online. Unknown to many filmmakers is that the most major festivals don’t care whether or not your film is online (see our Festival Eligibility Guide). Make submitting to online sites part of your initial submission round—don’t sit on it. Take advantage of the fact that online sites can evaluate your submission year-round, get you a response quickly, and publish weeks or months later at your discretion. Your best position is to know all of your options up front so that you can plot your optimal release strategy.
Once you know what options you have, pick your premiere partner carefully. A high-profile premiere at a top-tier online site or film festival can provide the validation you need to propel your film’s release. Choose an online site or festival that can reach your film’s audience and has the clout to open further doors.
If you premiere at a festival: One strategy is to secure a premiere at a big name festival then ride the buzz and drop your short film online soon after—not a year later when the buzz has died down and everyone has forgotten your film. David O’Reilly was one of the first filmmakers we saw do this in 2011 when The External World premiered at Venice & Sundance, then was online shortly after. Further, let people at the festival know that your film is online—it gives those you meet something to follow up on and share with their network.
If you premiere online: Secure a premiere on a prominent online site and use the momentum to reach other sites and festivals. It’s not uncommon for films that make a big splash online to be solicited by bigger festivals and offered entry fee waivers. We’ve seen this with the animation shorts that comprise Late Night Work Club, whose films have played and won awards at SXSW, Ottawa, and Clermont-Ferrand, after being released online.
The internet has no shortage of advice on how to maximize views on YouTube, hack Facebook to reach millions of fans, or write the perfect tweet to make your work go viral.
Ignore all of it. Over the past decade, the web has become exponentially more crowded and sophisticated such that the effort to build an online audience from scratch today is largely done by specialized professionals.
Here’s a simple question to ask yourself: Do you want to spend your valuable creative time learning to become a digital marketer or a better filmmaker? The truth is that very few filmmakers have a knack for digital marketing.
You don’t need to become a digital marketing guru.
Filmmaking is a collaborative effort. You didn’t make your film all on your own, and you don’t need to strategize, distribute, and promote your film on your own either.
All you really need to know is how to pitch your work. Think about it: it’s much easier to win over one person with an existing audience of a million than to win over a million fans yourself. Focus your marketing effort on fostering relationships with curators, programmers, and influencers that believe in you and your work. Engage people with clout on Twitter, Instagram, and film blogs. Learn how to craft a great email pitch. You don’t need to win over a lot of people if you win over a few with big audiences.
There are many great reasons to make a short film, but making money is most definitely not one of them. The harsh reality is that most short films will make no money at all. A few lucky films will make a little cash winning prizes or licensing to TV or SVOD. But none, regardless of how big they get, will earn enough money to fully cover all of their hidden costs. The average filmmaker spends $12,500 on their short film, but the true cost when considering time and donations is almost 3x that at $34,000.
As a struggling filmmaker, you may be offered money for your film by a distributor or licensor. More often than not, that money comes with strings attached like exclusivity that will limit exposure (more on exclusivity later).
The best approach is to ignore money in these deals. It can be difficult to do when you’ve poured everything into your work, but the little money you make now is not worth the opportunity cost. Keep your focus on maximizing opportunity. Your short film may not make money, but it can lead to another job, landing a manager, finding a producer for your feature, or signing a deal with a studio that will get you a much more significant payout.
Most distribution deals for short films don’t amount to much. But the worst ones, the ones that do real harm to filmmakers’ careers, are those that demand exclusivity. Exclusivity can tie your hands from doing anything with your film for months or years. It smothers both goals of ‘Be Everyone All At Once’ by limiting your reach to a single distributor’s audience and diluting any hype you generate by spreading it out over a long period of time. It effectively soaks your firewood in water.
Read every agreement carefully. If a partner requests an exclusive time block—ask them to remove it. If they won’t, reconsider your options. Exclusivity always helps the distributor and hurts your film. It’s why we never ask for exclusivity at Short of the Week.
Shant Hamassian worked with distributors for his popular horror short, Night of the Slasher, but he made a point to hang on to the online rights where it’s done very well.
Go wherever audiences are—don’t expect them to seek you out. There was a moment years ago where you wanted to consolidate your views on a single video platform like Vimeo to reach critical mass. But today, every major platform now supports native videos and prioritizes videos uploaded directly to their platform over others. This means a short film uploaded directly to Facebook will get more views and engagement than a post that links out to Vimeo.
Maximize your exposure and put your film on all the major platforms. Vimeo is great for reaching a filmmaker audience. But more and more short films are doing as well or better with general audiences on YouTube, Facebook, and emerging platforms like Instagram TV. Every platform serves a different community and offers a new audience to reach.
The Secret World of Foley has been seen over 100 million times! Director, Daniel Jewel did this all by connecting with tastemakers on Vimeo, YouTube, and Facebook, and allowing them to reproduce the film for their audiences.
Being everywhere means everywhere! The internet connects your film to the entire world—all you need are subtitles.
Once painfully difficult, subtitles are now quite easy and affordable to add to your film and can 2-3x your worldwide exposure. YouTube offers the option to create subtitles right in their editor or you can crowdsource subtitles from the community free of charge. Paid services like 3Play Media start at $3-5/min. Start with English, Spanish, and French and target other languages as needed.
Here’s the Plan by Fernanda Frick has been seen by 2.5 million people and is subtitled in English, Spanish, and French.
Don’t string out your release over years. The more outlets you can be on and awareness you can drive ‘all at once’, the greater the chance you have of breaking through the everyday media noise.
Release a teaser 1 or 2 weeks in advance to build buzz and establish a core audience to amplify the release. Put your release date on the teaser.
Coordinate a date with all of your launch partners to push the film live simultaneously. Most trending lists are built on algorithms that measure momentum (views/time). Your goal is to get enough views quickly to move up the list where bigger audiences and platform curators have a better chance of discovering your film.
Apocalypse Now Now by Michael Matthews built up excitement with a teaser and a release date just a few weeks before releasing the full short.
It’s finally launch day! You have a great premiere partner, you’re on most of the major platforms, and you’re prepped for international success. But you’re not done yet.
The bulk of views of your film will hit within the first 1-2 days following your online release. Plan to spend a solid week amplifying the release, engaging with your audience, and recalibrating your plan.
Amplify the release to your friends and fans on social media (the threshold for annoying your followers with self-promotion is way higher than you think).
As your film makes its way into the world, you’ll quickly learn who’s connecting with it. Everything up until now has been a guess. Now that you have people watching your film, identify the communities it resonates with most.
Use this to recalibrate your release strategy to target these communities. Use Google to identify publishers, interest communities on Reddit, Facebook groups, and influencers that have featured films similar to yours. The metaphor we use is dropping a stone into a pond—the waves are biggest in the center where they are tightest, but the weaker ripples extending out have more reach. Move from the center outward.
Realizing that there was ton of interest in their story’s inclusion of a gay protagonist, the filmmakers behind In a Heartbeat coordinated coverage with LGBTQ organizations en route to 30M+ views.
If your film takes off, things will happen quickly. Your inbox will flood with messages and you’ll soon begin fielding interest from a lot of interesting people. Everyone in these discussions will want to know where you want to go next. Be prepared to carry this momentum forward with a pitch.
If you want to turn this short into a larger feature film or series, have a script or treatment ready to pitch.
If you have other ideas you’re interested in pursuing, have those pitches ready.
If you want to land a manager or rep, have a handful of ideas and goals ready.
If you want to join a roster or collective, have your reel and resume ready to share.
If you’re hoping to generate more work from this, clear your schedule.
In any case, anticipate the next step. Even if someone isn’t the right person to directly help you, there’s a good chance they may know someone who might. This is an industry built on relationships.
Some of the most successful filmmakers know what they want to get from their short film before they even begin making it. You’ve worked hard up until this point—don’t be caught off guard by success.
Bag Man by Jonathan & Josh Baker is a sci-fi short that the two released online initially to gauge interest, and is now a major feature film KIN (2018).
Create a online + festival strategy. Submit your film to online outlets early.
Secure your premiere with a top tier festival or online site.
Find partners—connect with curators to reach their audiences.
Don’t prioritize money—it’ll likely hurt your exposure.
Don’t sign away exclusivity—hang on to your right to ‘be everywhere’.
Go cross platform and get your film everywhere.
Internationalize your film with subtitles to reach even further.
Compress your release window over days/weeks rather than months/years.
Launch, engage and recalibrate during the week of your release.
Be prepared to pitch your next idea or project.
While some are lamenting the crumbling of our traditional film institutions, the truth is there’s never been a better time to be a filmmaker. The world, now more than ever, is in search of great stories as new players Netflix, Amazon Studios, Apple, Hulu, YouTube, and Facebook invest additional billions into new, original stories. And it’s not just studios—it’s brands, news, games—you can’t connect with an audience of any kind today without telling a great story.
At the same time, the internet has upended traditional gatekeepers and blown the doors wide open so that anyone with a great story can find an audience. The next generation of filmmakers are those embracing this whirlwind of change and charting a new path.
At Short of the Week, we live and breathe great short films. We’re not a platform looking to sell ads. We believe in putting power into the hands of filmmakers with no exclusivity, cross-platform releases, a strong media network, and industry connections to help filmmakers reach audiences around the world and take the next major step in their careers.
If you’re looking for help with your short film release, consider submitting your short film. | 2019-04-21T00:53:40Z | https://www.shortoftheweek.com/news/be-everywhere-all-at-once/ |
Both Rob Woodward and Nigel Fletcher had played in bands in the early 1960s, they'd even been writing songs together in these times, but it would be much later in the decade before they would eventually join forces and launch Stavely Makepeace. In the mid sixties Nigel fulfilled an ambition and joined the merchant navy, where he stayed for almost three years. In the summer of 1967 he left his last ship and moved to London where he stayed until early 1969. Meanwhile Rob worked in various office jobs and continued to play in bands on a semi-pro basis. By 1966 however he was working full time in the music business, traveling the country with his one man cabaret act. 1968 ended with Rob traveling to see Nigel in London with a proposition. Join forces to recreate the song writing partnership, produce records and even build a sound recording studio. The whole idea seemed so impossible that Nigel couldn't refuse!
Rob's mother Hilda, herself an accomplished pianist, donated the front room of her semi detached house in Coventry to the boys so that they could record their own demo tapes. On a simple domestic reel to reel tape recorder, a Sony TC200, which they had modified to run at double speed, (ie 15 inches per second instead of the usual seven and a half), they produced a number of fine backing tracks which would be finished off in other recording studios. This however was costing money, so to compensate for the lack of track facilities, (there were only two quarter tracks on the TC200), other musicians were brought in to help out on the recordings. At last complete master tapes could be made "in house". Out of this Stavely Makepeace was born!
On August 29th 1969 "I WANNA LOVE YOU LIKE A MAD DOG" (Pyramid Records PYR 6072) became the first Stavely Makepeace record release and a new era of home recording emerged. Rob fronted the band as Stavely Makepeace in those early days. After 1970 however he fronted the band under his own name. The first line up was: Rob Woodward lead singer and keyboards, Nigel Fletcher drums, Don Ker guitar and Pete Fisher on bass.
"MAD DOG" wasn't a hit despite being featured on several BBC Radio One programmes and despite gaining publicity for having the shortest ever "B" side, the 32 second long "GREASY HAIRED WOMAN".
Another Pyramid record was scheduled for late 1969, "REGGAE DENNY" (PYR 6082) but was abandoned only days before release! A reason was never given. Only one pressing of this rare record is known to survive!
Early in 1970 Steve Tayton, an excellent jazz guitarist and woodwind player was recruited and the band became five! Shortly afterwards Pete Fisher moved on and was replaced by bass guitarist/vocalist Steve Johnson. This line up would be stable for well over a year, something rare with young musicians! Stavely Makepeace, already influenced by the "home recording" ideas of the famous Joe Meek, were constantly experimenting with new methods of making and recording sounds. They achieved notoriety within the business and acquired the nickname "The Scrap Iron Band" because of all the weird and wonderful sounds they put onto record!
The next release, in the spring of 1970, was "EDNA" (Concord Records CON 008) and typified the band's raucous approach to music. With Rob singing the lead vocal in falcetto, and with an up beat melodic rhythm, the mini-piano sound was born. (This comprised recording a piano at half speed then speeding it up to create a resounding honky tonk sound!) "EDNA" was raved about by several Radio One DJ's and even earned the band their first television appearance, on "Top of the Pops" on July 30th 1970, but bad distribution by the small Concord Record company cost the disc its place in the halls of fame. By the time Concord finally got the record into the shops only Noel Edmonds was still playing it on his show. Despite this the record managed to show at No.46 in the Melody Maker's charts! A bitter blow for Stavely Makepeace. So near and yet so far!! At this time Decca records tried to sign the band but contractual problems meant that more singles were still due for release on the Concord label.
On October 23rd of the same year, "SMOKEY MOUNTAIN RHYTHM REVUE" came out, (CON 013) and once again a Stavely Makepeace record caused instant reaction! Muriel Young, the producer of a networked afternoon TV programme called "Lift Off", immediately booked the band to play on her show. 1970 was certainly the year that put Stavely Makepeace on the map! 1971 by contrast was a bit of an anti climax and it was a case of one rung up the ladder and two down! The third and last Concord record release for Stavely Makepeace was on April 16th when "GIVE ME THAT PISTOL" came out, (CON 018). It promptly faded without trace! By a quirk of fate the option clause on the Concord recording contract was not exercised, on account that the girl who's job it was to see to such things had left the company suddenly.
The boys held their breath for the thirty day period within which the option had to be renewed, then sighed with relief as they realised they were free of all binding contracts! It gave the band the added impetus to succeed and also to widen their horizons. The B side of the previous Stavely Makepeace single, "SMOKEY MOUNTAIN RHYTHM REVUE", had been an instrumental song called, "RAMPANT ON THE RAGE". It featured the mini piano sound as a lead nstrument.
Ivor Novello award Out of this came a new idea by Rob and Nigel. Why not have a novelty band to run along side the main Stavely Makepeace band as an outlet for more 'tongue in cheek' and instrumentally oriented music? The idea of a second string to their bow had always appealed to the lads so they set about producing half a dozen songs using just two pianos, bass guitar and drums.
Lieutenant Pigeon was born! As an additional gimmick they introduced Rob’s mother Hilda to the line up, which became; Rob on one piano, Hilda on the other, Nigel on drums and Steve Johnson on bass guitar. With the recent interest shown in Stavely Makepeace by Decca Records, Rob and Nigel used the new contact to present the Lieutenant Pigeon idea for a possible record deal. Decca liked the idea and selected "MOULDY OLD DOUGH" to be the first single. The rest, as they say, is history!
Released early in 1972,"MOULDY OLD DOUGH" (Decca F 13278) eventually went on to become the biggest selling British hit single of the year and earned Rob and Nigel the Ivor Novello songwriting award for 1972! Meanwhile Stavely Makepeace was still alive and kicking!
There had never been any intention of Lieutenant Pigeon becoming the main band, and despite one more line up change, (Steve Tayton making way for violinist Owen John), there were several new Stavely recordings in the pipeline. In fact less than a month after the release of "MOULDY OLD DOUGH", Stavely Makepeace released, "WALKING THROUGH THE BLUE GRASS" on Spark Records (SRL 1066) in March 1972.
For a short while things had never looked so good. Two singles out and yet another television appearance for Stavely Makepeace. Things could only get better! However, a week is a long time in politics so it is said. It can be a lifetime in the music industry because within days of the T.V. appearance, (when Stavely received an ovation for their performance of "WALKING THROUGH THE BLUE GRASS"), the news came through that neither of the two singles would be playlisted by the BBC!
A bitter blow for Rob and Nigel. All seemed lost. It was time to re group, re think and decide where to go from there! Nigel decided to take up the offer of some studio work in Erie, USA and left for the States in April. The rest of the band took temporary work deputising with other bands. A break from Stavely Makepeace seemed a good idea!
It was whilst Nigel was in the USA that Central Television, (then ATV), decided to feature the ‘front room studio’, used by Stavely and Lt Pigeon, on their local current affairs programme in the Midlands. They sent a young reporter called Chris Tarrant around to interview the boys!
The producer decided to recreate the making of "SMOKEY MOUNTAIN RHYTHM REVUE", but with Nigel in the USA and Steve Tayton having left the band, it was difficult to authenticate it exactly. Having said this, an excellent job was made by Rob, Steve Johnson and Don Ker and the publicity was most welcome !
Steve Johnson kept in constant touch with Nigel whilst he was overseas and during June of 1972 a letter was received by Nigel stating that both BLUE GRASS and MOULDY had finally ‘died’! How wrong could Steve have been. Unbeknown by anyone at the time,(that is by anyone outside of Belgium), the recording of "MOULDY OLD DOUGH" had been used every weekday evening to introduce a Belgian nationwide news and current affairs TV programme since the spring !
By midsummer thousands of people had written in enquiring about the ‘theme music’. When the TV station announced that it was available as a single, sales began to rocket! By July 15th, when Nigel returned to Britain, the record was climbing towards the number one spot in Belgium. In fact it was purely coincidental that a telegram from Decca Records to this effect arrived at the same time that Nigel arrived home! suddenly it was all systems go again !!
"MOULDY OLD DOUGH" was re issued in the UK and this time Decca paid for some Radio Luxembourg coverage. By September it was in the Top 20 and on October 10th 1972 it went to the No. 1 spot in Britain, where it stayed for the next four weeks !
It wasnt just in these Isles that the record was a smash hit either. It charted in Canada, Denmark, West Germany, Japan, Australia, Hong Kong, Holland, Spain and many many other countries. It went on to sell over two million copies !
Having Hilda, who was by now aged 60 in the line up, meant that the band would never become a full time live touring unit. Despite this Lieutenant Pigeon did several overseas mini tours and also appeared live in Britain at various venues. (Including Jimmy Saviles 'Speak Easy' for BBC Radio One and numerous TV appearances).
The novelty of having a sixty year old mum in the line up attracted much publicity and the band went from strength to strength. Hilda was quite prepared to go out "on the road" full time, but the lads, knowing just what it would entail, managed to talk her out of it.
Nevertheless during the next few years Hilda proved to be a bastion of strength and never complained once about any of the many appearances she had to make.
The very last time the original four members of Lieutenant Pigeon were to play together finally came in Luxembourg in September 1978, but that was still a long way ahead in 1972.
Early in 1973, the follow up to "MOULDY OLD DOUGH", "DESPERATE DAN" (Decca F 13365) was in the charts. This was followed by two more 1973 releases, "...AND THE FUN GOES ON" (Decca F 13403) and, "OXFORD BAGS" (Decca F 13440). Neither was successful.
The band had to wait until 1974 for their next UK success. This came in the shape of "ILL TAKE YOU HOME AGAIN KATHLEEN" (Decca F 13486).
It was a different story overseas however where there was a string of successful releases in a range of countries around the world.
Belgium Holland and Luxembourg continued their love affair with Lt Pigeon music, as did some other European countries. In Australasia the band even had hits with records which werent released in this country! "THE BLUE DANUBE" (Decca Y 10599) and " THE GRANDFATHER CLOCK" (Decca Y 11273) to name but a couple.
The following year saw "YOU ARE MY HEART'S DELIGHT" (Decca F 13543), " ROCKABILLY HOT POT" (Decca F 13602) and " GOODBYE" an appropriately titled song as it marked the bands last recording for Decca! (Decca F 13638) issued. All were released world wide.
Another rarity. The promotional copies of 'ROCKABILLY HOT POT' were issued by Decca on this red and white label instead of the usual blue and white.
During this time three long playing albums of the bands music were also released. A fourth, "THE WORLD OF LIEUTENANT PIGEON", became another project to be abandoned at the eleventh hour, again without explanation by the record company.
In 1977 Rob and Nigel decided to launch their own record label, Comet Records.
Although Radio One were kind to them when it came to air plays, the boys soon realised the big problem of the distribution of records for small labels was pretty insurmountable. Within a year Comet had released its last record.
Lieutenant Pigeon had one single out on this label, "SPANGLES" (Comet U 6313) but like " GIVE ME THAT PISTOL", it is probably best forgotten !
The following year Rob and Nigel, armed with a little more experience of label management, launched another record label. This time it was called SMA Records and this time they arranged their own distribution, using various different outlets in various parts of the country. Coordination however of all these separate outlets proved to be an administrative nightmare, and once more a business venture failed! Suffice to say that money was lost !
Once again only one Lt Pigeon single was issued on SMA Records, this being "DISCO BELLS" (SMA 1501) on April 14th 1978. Again this could have been a successful record had it been delivered to the shelves of retailers because BBC Radio Two had featured it on several of their programmes.
So it was back to using other record labels. In the summer of 1978 Lieutenant Pigeon released a version of "BYE BYE BLACKBIRD" on Elver Records (SFO 21.512). Successful only in Luxembourg, the group decided this would be the last Lt Pigeon single.
Although they didnt realise it at the time, when they came off the stage in Luxembourg in September of that year, the band would never perform together again. But before resuming the Stavely Makepeace story, it is worth mentioning that there was to be one last Lt Pigeon release. In the summer of 1981, Neville Staples,(of Specials and Fun Boy Three fame), asked if Rob and Nigel had any unissued Lieutenant Pigeon recordings on the shelf.
He was about to launch his own record label and he wanted to use some well known names as label warmers. Hence, "BOBBING UP AND DOWN LIKE THIS" became the very last original Lt Pigeon track to be released. (Shack Records SHA 002). (Some earlier titles were later re released in the 1980s and 1990s on the then new C.D. format, but there were to be no more original titles).
However back to 1972 and the parallel band Stavely Makepeace. Naturally enough, the big Lieutenant Pigeon hit sparked off renewed interest in the original band, and Spark Records were eager to release the Stavely Makepeace follow up record to " WALKING THROUGH THE BLUE GRASS". This was called " SLIPPERY ROCK SEVENTIES" and came out on October 20th 1972 when Lieutenant Pigeon were riding high at number one! (SRL 1081).
The record was not successful, despite having been played extensively by Radio One DJ Dave Lee Travis.
Spark only released one more Stavely Makepeace single "PRIMA DONNA" (SRL 1085) in January 1973, before releasing the band from contract.
A move to Deram Records for Stavely M followed, and summer 1973 saw the release of "CAJUN BAND" (Deram DM 386). In 1974 another Deram release followed, "RUNAROUND SUE" (DM 423).
Neither were successful, despite both securing nationwide TV appearances for the band. For the next three years Rob and Nigel would concentrate on Lieutenant Pigeon plus their, (soon to be unsuccessful!) ventures into running record labels !
There would however be one more Stavely single before the eventual demise of Lt Pigeon.In 1977, Unigram Records, who at the time were handling the distribution for the fledgling Comet Records, decided they might have a hit on their hands if they were to release a previously recorded Stavely Makepeace track called " BABY BLUE EYES".
Unfortunately though they were wrong!! (Unigram U 6312). The record flopped.
Around this time the same feeling of abandonment which would be felt later by Lt Pigeon, was creeping up on Stavely Makepeace. However there were more stings in the tail yet to come!In 1978 the drummer with the band Slade, Don Powell, who had been friendly with Nigel since the early 1970's, heard a Stavely Makepeace recording of "NO REGRETS". He played it to his manager, the late Chas Chandler and Chas immediately scheduled it for release. (BARN 2014 118).
It heralded a new lease of life for the band , and was followed up by another of Stavely's outrageous 'scrap iron' records! This time "THE COCONUT SHUFFLE" (BARN001), issued on Chas's revamped independent version of his own record label.
up with Mike Rayns far left. By this time Rob had moved on to guitar, Mike Rayns had come in on keyboards, and both Don Ker and Owen John had moved on elsewhere !
In 1980 "SONGS OF YESTERDAY" (Hammer Records HS 304), appeared to be the swansong for Stavely Makepeace, but, just like Lieutenant Pigeon, after a gap of almost three years, there was to be one last surprise.
Due to the keenness,(and funding), of one Frank Lea, the record label SMA Records was resurrected to issue what was to be the very last single to come out of the stable, and on November 11th 1983, "JUST TELL HER FRED SAID GOODBYE" by Stavely Makepeace (SMA 1502) marked the end of an era !
After this Rob and Nigel would establish themselves as producers of jingles, backing beds, voice-overs and accappellas for the up and coming commercial radio scene. But that is not the end of the story.
In the late 1980's, Steve Johnson, who by then had established his own recording studio in Blackburn, was offered a tour of Scandinavia if he could re form the band Lieutenant Pigeon. By this time there had been a resurgence of interest in early seventies music and Scandinavia was proving to be a popular venue.
Rob initially was keen but Nigel refused immediately. Hilda was fast approaching 80 so for her it was out of the question, but Steve felt that it would be a lucrative proposition so he badgered both Rob and Nigel to take part. Rob, by now a family man, also eventually rejected the idea, but, together with Nigel, gave Steve the go ahead to recruit other musicians to front the band. This Steve did and the tour was a success.
Subsequent tours were organised and Lt Pigeon was once again "alive" !!
Even when Steve left the line up in the mid 1990's the band continued to play and continues into the 21st century, albeit with none of the original members !!
Hilda Woodward sadly died on Monday 22nd February 1999 aged 85, but all the other musicians mentioned in the story are happily still alive and well in January 2000 !
In the millennium edition of the rare records price guide Record Collector, all of the Stavely Makepeace records and most of the Lieutenant Pigeon are listed as collectors items. PYR 6082 has a particularly high value, as it is such a rare record.
An autobiography 'When Show Business is No Business' was written by Nigel Fletcher and Rob Woodward at the beginning of 2001.
It's available now priced £6 (incl. p&p), from Makepeace Distribution, 37 Moat Ave, COVENTRY CV3 6BT. | 2019-04-24T20:13:31Z | http://www.ranwell.co.uk/lt_pigeon/pigeon.htm |
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Creates a public database on PDE’s website, which will provide information about school construction and reconstruction projects, building purchase and charter lease reimbursements.
Require reimbursements to be made in the order of PDE approval, unless the secretary prioritizes a project of a financial recovery school district.
Provide reimbursement for a new building only if a cost-benefit analysis indicates the cost-to-construct does not exceed the cost-to-expand or renovate existing buildings or if the district can demonstrate that a new building is necessary.
Require automation of the ARCCon Process.
Allows school districts which began a construction project during the moratorium on new applications to be eligible to apply for reimbursement for those projects now that the moratorium has ended.
Allows immediate lump sum reimbursement in amounts no greater than 75% of the total eligible reimbursement, with agreement from the school district.
That bill was voted out of the House Education committee on February 3.
Republican: Rep. Stan Saylor, 94th Legislative District, York County.
Democrat: Rep. James Roebuck, 188th Legislative District, Philadelphia County.
Republican: Rep. John Maher, 40th Legislative District, Allegheny and Washington counties.
Democrat: Rep. Greg Vitali, 166th Legislative District, Delaware and Montgomery counties.
Republican: Rep. Julie Harhart, 183rd Legislative District, Northampton County.
Republican: Rep. Scott Petri, 178th Legislative District, Bucks County.
These two appointments follow earlier announcements that two of Wolf’s primary opponents, Katie McGinty and John Hanger, were tapped for top administration positions, and campaign guru Mary Isenhour would serve as Wolf’s Legislative Secretary.
Here are all of the nominees for the various Department heads to serve under Gov. Tom Wolf. Those that require Senate confirmation are listed as “nomination”. The others serve at his pleasure. The confirmation process took an awkward turn this week, as the Senate moved forward nominations made by former Governor Tom Corbett, but “recalled” by Wolf, in retaliation for Wolf “firing” Erik Arneson, former spokesman for the Senate majority leader, who had recently been appointed to head the Office of Open Records. Arneson and the Senate Republican leadership has filed a lawsuit to reinstate Arneson, contending that Wolf did not have the authority under the Open Records law to remove him. The appointment is for a six year term. Further complicating the appointments is the fact that there are two State Supreme Court vacancies that Wolf may fill, with Senate consent, and on January 29, State Treasurer Rob McCord announced he was resigning, effective February 12, which also Wolf will need to get an appointment through the Senate. McCord named his chief deputy, Christopher Craig, who served for many years under disgraced former Senator Vince Fumo. It is unclear this soon whether he would be a candidate to fill the final two years of the McCord term. This is about to get very interesting!
Amends Title 62 (Procurement) further providing for definitions; providing for authority to waive employee limit, for alternative certification, for contractor performance and general conditions, for mentor- protege program and for small business reserve program; establishing a surety bond guarantee program; and further providing for contractors’ and subcontractors’ payment obligations. This bill provides definitions for Commonwealth agency, judicial agency, independent agency, legislative agency, local agency, service-disabled veteran, state-affiliated entity, state-related institution, and veteran and expands on the definition of disadvantaged business. This bill allows a Commonwealth agency to waive the small business employee limit requirement, when it is determined to be in the best interest of the Commonwealth, in order to promote and create economic opportunities for disadvantaged business and mandates the agency to inform prospective bidders of the decision to waive the limit. The department must also include in its annual report to the General Assembly information on its use of the waiver. The bill allows the department to accept the certification of any eligible disadvantaged business certified under the Pennsylvania Unified Certification Program and will be used by a government agency as adequate certification for the purpose of bidding on or participating in any public bid that involves the use of Commonwealth funds but will not accept any certification from an owner who is not a citizen or lawful permanent resident of the United States. The bill mandates that each government agency receiving Commonwealth funds may establish a disadvantaged business utilization program and the agencies that fail to do so will implement the program established by the department. This bill provides regulations for contractor performance, and the establishment of a mentor-protege program, a small business reserve program, and a surety bond guarantee program. The amendment of 62 Pa.C.S. 3933 (c) shall take effect immediately; the addition of 62 Pa.C.S. Ch21-A shall take effect upon publication in the Pennsylvania Bulletin; and the remainder of the act shall take effect in 60 days.
Amends Title 62 (Procurement), in contracts for public works, providing for specifications for contracts. By adding that no specification for a contract awarded under this chapter shall be written in such a manner as to contain proprietary, exclusionary or discriminatory requirements other than those based upon performance unless such requirements are necessary to test or demonstrate a specific feature or to provide for necessary interchangeability of parts or equipment. For each part or piece of equipment, the specifications shall include a listing of at least two brand names or trade names of comparable quality or utility and a statement that equivalent parts or equipment will be given equal consideration.
Amends Title 62 (Procurement) providing for limitations on political contributions by contractors. Any contractor bidding for certain contracts shall be required to submit information on political contributions made to any elected official holding a state office, the contractor’s political action committee or political action committees which make contributions to campaigns for state-elected offices. The contractor shall also provide a notarized written declaration that any lobbyist the contractor has hired to represent the contractor’s interest is properly registered. Contractors shall not be awarded a contract if any political contributions made and reported exceed $2,400 per election to a candidate or $5,000 per election to a business entity or political action committee supporting a candidate. These limits are subject to increase based on inflation.
Amends Title 62 (Procurement) further providing for the definition of “small business;” establishing a statewide bonding program; providing guidelines for a Mentor-protege program; establishing a small business reserve for the purpose of increasing economic opportunities for small and disadvantaged businesses; requiring each agency to set aside ten percent of its moneys available for procurement into a small business reserve for award to qualified small and disadvantaged businesses.
Amends Title 62 (Procurement), in general provisions, providing for public access to procurement records; and, in source selection and contract formation, further providing for sole source procurement and for emergency procurement. Records concerning a procurement shall be made public, consistent with the Right-to-Know Law. The bill stipulates that procurement documents shall be posted on the purchasing agency’s website. For certain procurements over $250,000)(10), the determination shall be signed by the head of the purchasing agency. Two quotes shall be solicited for emergency procurement; no written contract may be required.
Amends the Tax Reform Code to exclude from the sales and use tax the sale at retail to, or use by, a contractor under a construction contract with a school district, intermediate unit, area vocational-technical school or charter school in Pennsylvania of tangible personal property or services for the project under the construction contract.
Amends the Tax Reform Code adding an article establishing a waterfront development tax credit. An eligible applicant is a business firm or individual who has contributed to a waterfront development organization and is subject to a tax imposed by Article III, IV, VI, VII, VIII, IX or XV or Article XVI of The Insurance Company Law. The Waterfront Development Tax Credit Program is established to encourage private investment in waterfront property which creates public access to the water, increases property values, restores ecology, and catalyzes further financial investment and job creation. The bill outlines qualifications for waterfront development organizations, eligible projects, and the procedure for applying for the tax credit, which shall not exceed 75 percent of the total amount contributed by the eligible applicant during the taxable year. The Department of Revenue shall grant a tax credit of up to 90 percent of the total amount contributed if the eligible applicant provides a written commitment to provide the waterfront development organization with the same amount of contribution for two consecutive tax years. Recapture of the tax credit is provided for.
Amends the Water and Sewer Systems Assistance Act further providing for legislative findings; authorizing the incurring of indebtedness, with the approval of the electors, of $600,000,000 for grants and loans for the cost of the labor, materials, necessary operational machinery and equipment, lands, property, rights and easements, plans and specifications, surveys, estimates of costs and revenues, prefeasibility studies, engineering and legal services and the other expenses necessary or incident to the acquisition, construction, improvement, expansion, extension, repair or rehabilitation of all or part of a project; outlining maximum grant amounts; providing for the powers and duties of the Pennsylvania Infrastructure Investment Authority to implement the requirements of the act and for authorization and expiration; and making editorial changes. Notwithstanding The Fiscal Code, the additional amount of $600,000,000 is authorized if approved by the electorate and the authorization to issue bonds and notes, not including refunding bonds and notes for the purpose of this chapter shall expire after ten years.
A Resolution directing the Legislative Budget and Finance Committee to review the Commonwealth’s program of providing funding for drinking water, wastewater and storm water projects authorized under the Pennsylvania Infrastructure Investment Authority Act.
Amends the Pennsylvania Construction Code amending the definition of “board of appeals” to be the body created by a municipality or more than one municipality to hear appeals from decisions of the code administrator as provided for by the department through regulation. The bill provides for the department to establish regulations instead of utilizing the BOCA National Building Code.
Amends the Gas and Hazardous Liquids Pipelines Act further providing for definitions; and providing for recreational use and for storm water runoff.
Amends the Underground Utility Line Protection Law removing the jurisdiction of the Department of Labor and Industry and transferring it to the Public Utility Commission; further providing for definitions; requiring submission of reports of alleged violations; requiring facility owners to maintain records of abandoned lines, to participate in the One Call System’s Member Mapping Solutions, and to notify a facility owner that an excavator has identified an unmarked or incorrectly marked facility and of the owner’s responsibilities; further providing for the One Call System, other parties, designers, excavators and project owners and for penalties; adding that an excavator, designer or operator who proposes to commence excavation or demolition work and requests information from the One Call System shall pay to the One Call System an annual fee; requiring designers to request line and facility information; requiring excavators to renotify the One Call System of an unmarked or incorrectly marked facility in certain instances and to make a locate request to the One Call System prior to excavation or demolition work and to pay the applicable fee; establishing a Damage Prevention Committee in the commission to review and take action on alleged violations; establishing the Underground Utility Line Protection Fund to receive penalties and assessments; and extending the expiration of the act through 2021.
Amends Title 53 (Municipalities Generally), in neighborhood blight reclamation and revitalization, providing for failure to comply with a code requirement. The bill outlines what constitutes noncompliance and grades a second offense as a second-degree misdemeanor and three or more as a first-degree misdemeanor. Provides for penalties.
Amends Title 42 (Judiciary) adding an exception to joint and several liability in civil actions and proceedings where a person under 18 years of age has a beneficial interest.
Amends the Public School Code, in preliminary provisions, providing for mandate waiver program by adding that a board of school directors may adopt a resolution to apply to the Department of Education for a waiver of any provision of the code, the regulations of the State Board of Education, or the standards of the Secretary of Education if the waiver will enable the school district to improve its instructional program or operate in a more effective, efficient or economical manner. A board of school directors may contact the intermediate unit (IU) of which it is a member to propose that the intermediate unit apply for a waiver on behalf of all of the intermediate unit’s member school districts. The bill outlines the duties of the department in developing the waiver application process and approving applications and provides for adoption of waiver by school districts or IUs. After five years, a waiver applicant shall submit an evaluation to the department and when the evaluation indicates an improvement in student performance, instructional program or school operations, the waiver shall be renewed. The bill provides for provisions which cannot be waived.
Amends Title 51 (Military Affairs), in professional and occupational licenses, providing that military service and other related factors may be taken into consideration to determine whether a licensing or certification requirement has been met by or can otherwise be waived by reason of that military service, education, training or experience. A veteran shall only be required to meet a licensing or certification requirement which has not been met by or waived.
Amends “An act empowering the General Counsel or his designee to issue subpoenas for certain licensing board activities; providing for hearing examiners in the Bureau of Professional and Occupational Affairs; providing additional powers to the Commissioner of Professional and Occupational Affairs; and further providing for civil penalties and license suspension,” requiring license holders under professions licensed by boards under the Bureau of Professional and Occupational affairs to provide notice within 30 days if the individual has convicted, found guilty or pleaded nolo contendere, or received probation without verdict or received accelerated rehabilitative disposition as to any felony or misdemeanor or any drug violation. Expunged criminal matters do not have to be reported.
Amends Title 68 (Real and Personal Property) repealing Chapter 75 relating to home inspections; adding Chapter 75a providing for home inspections; establishing the Pennsylvania Board of Home Inspectors within the Bureau of Professional and Occupational Affairs in the Department of State to oversee the licensure and regulation of home inspectors; providing for licensure of home inspectors and for disciplinary proceedings by the Pennsylvania Board of Home Inspectors; providing for contents of home inspection reports; requiring home inspectors to maintain professional liability insurance; and making an appropriation of $85,000 from the Professional Licensure Augmentation Account to the Department of State for the payment of associated costs. The board shall promulgate regulations within 18 months. | 2019-04-19T18:34:14Z | https://www.pspe.org/legislative/summary-of-legislation-january-2015/ |
Thursday with a parade of models showing off her range of pop art-style wetsuits for women. It comes after Gemma’s designs have already gained the attention of national media and Vogue Italia, even winning the Most Commercial Collection Prize at the iD Fashion Show in Dunedin in May. Continued on page 2.
inbrief news More police for Wellington District The Wellington Police District Commander has welcomed the 101 officers allocated to Wellington District on Monday by Police Commissioner Mike Bush. The new staff were allocated as part of the 1800 additional Police funded through a $298.8 million increase in Budget 2018 that built on an increase from the previous year. “The investment of additional staff ensures we can continue to enhance our frontline response, and will have a positive impact for the community and for our own staff working to prevent crime and make the communities we serve safer,” Superintendent Sam Hoyle says.
The 2019 New Zealander of the Year should be from Wellington, says Mayor Justin Lester. Nominations for the prestigious award and supporting categories opened last month and close on September 17. Justin urges locals to nominate fellow residents deserving of recognition for the 2019 awards. “Each and every one of us knows someone in our community that’s doing something special to make Wellington a better place to live for all of us.” Anyone can nominate an individual or community organisation for one of the six awards in the programme. To do so, visit www. nzawards.org.nz.
Corrections The photo of celebrating Seatoun club footballers on page 14 of last week’s Cook Strait News was incorrectly credited. It was in fact taken by Ross Collins. Also, the caption stated they had won the Capital 2 final. There are actually still two rounds left in the competition.
inbrief news Silence for homophobia On Friday thousands of students across New Zealand took a vow of silence to draw attention to homophobic and transphobic bullying in their schools and communities. Day of Silence is the largest studentdriven action for safe schools in the world, and was introduced to New Zealand as a national campaign four years ago by national charity Inside OUT. People around the country joined schools to take actions to support rainbow communities, including fundraising for InsideOUT and taking a “selfie for silence” where they commit to an action to help break the silence about the effects of homophobia, biphobia and transphobia.
School dental service ‘failing kids’ The New Zealand Dental Association (NZDA) president has called on the government to improve the school dental service. Dr Bill O’Connor says figures show 96,000 children are overdue their recalls with the dental therapist, 29,000 young New Zealand children had teeth extracted last year, and 7000 kids required hospital dental treatment under general anaesthetic. “I believe the Community Oral Health Service is failing our kids,” Bill told NZDA members at its annual conference. He urges the Minister of Health to act now to address “this appalling situation”.
Bottle deposit scheme urged Plastic campaigners are still waiting for a crucial piece of zero-waste infrastructure after The Greens’ action-on-waste announcement yesterday. In what is being called “a boost to plastic recycling”, Associate Minister Eugenie Sage says the government plans to draft a strategy for increasing local capacity for recyclables, but plastic campaigners say without proper collection systems in place, this just won’t fix the problem. “We want the government to introduce a bottle deposit scheme. It’s a cash-refund system for beverage containers, and it’s getting incredible recycling rates around the world,” The Kiwi Bottle Drive’s Holly Dove says.
to apply. It was a few months ago, when the news covered how the Salvation Army were struggling with their supplies, that Alex made sure he wouldn’t miss the opportunity this time. He got in touch with his middle school principal about registering the school, and liaised with staff to get Scots College involved for the collection, which led to the mufti day can drive.
LA riots] and the Urewera Raids,” he said. “It’s about how do we keep police safe in a difficult situation. You can drive down Aro Valley any day and not everyone with an open can of liquor is being arrested and thrown into a cell.” The sole backer of Iona’s amendment was Sarah Free, who disapproved applying discretion to the “clumsily worded” bylaw. “I can’t support a law which makes it a crime to bring alcohol into an area. There needs to be better laws for dealing with the harm,” Sarah said. The amendment was voted down 13 to 2.
Drivers reminded to keep off their phones Police would like to remind drivers to keep off their phones while behind the wheel. During an afternoon operation in Petone on August 15, 18 drivers were issued infringements for using their phones, while a further 17 were issued infringements for not wearing their seatbelt. Wellington Road Policing Senior Sergeant Simon de Wit said the number of infringements issued was disappointing. Police advise drivers to turn their phone off or put it on silent while driving to reduce the temptation to read that text message or answer that phone call.
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reas. We have NGTON over 15 vans on the road. AREA • WHOLESALE RETAIL SALES reas. We have over 15/vans on the road.
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recover from the heavy winter use. These areas, such as Cog Park off Evans Bay Parade, can still be used – but there will be some access restrictions. The Council’s mowing team manager Matt Beres says various procedures will be carried out. These include topdressing, weed control, drainage work, fertilising, and sowing with new grass seed. As part of the renovations, the Council is experimenting with a hybrid turf at two sites. It is an artificial turf that also allows real grass to grow through. Matt says the Council’s sports fields team has successfully trialled a section in one of the goalmouths at Seatoun Park. The hybrid turf will be laid on one lawn at Midland Park and on a section of the Cog Park dog exercise area.
readers have their say... Find out the WORD on the Street. Q: What do you think of MPs having their salaries frozen from rising for a year?
job involves strain. There are people with jobs entailing more responsibility and stress, but with lower pay, involving longer working hours, and with annual holidays of four weeks at most. Worst of all, teachers have been heavily involved in the wreck of education and the ruin of our Western society, for 40plus years now.
Our Vision - To always challenge the status quo, engaging and inspiring our students to achieve to their highest potential at SWIS and beyond.
and wonderful creatures that have captured artists’ imaginations and inspired fantastical artworks. Tony Fomison: Lost in the Dark – For young adults, Fomison’s dark and moody works focus on misfits, monsters and deformed figures on the fringes of society, in an exhibition co-created with local teenagers to explore how his work unpacks ideas of belonging. Both exhibitions are open until early November 2018, giving young people just over two months to check them out.
committee after many years of helping create an orderly, comprehensive collection of paper clippings, documents, photos and maps. Marion also researched and wrote articles for the society’s magazine and assembled 30 display boards. A William Fox water colour print and life membership was presented to her at the meeting. Two committee places remain vacant, while all other office holders and committee members were returned. The Historical Society welcomes more volunteers to help with the collection. Those interested can call in and see what they do at the Island Bay Community Centre on Fridays between 10am and 2pm. More information can also be found at the society’s Facebook page or by contacting Annette Moffatt on 027 227 5058. A website is under construction.
ies staff, the local Councils and our Trust; you have all helped shape what Taputeranga is today. Thank you all for your contributions - without these outstanding efforts, we wouldn’t be here celebrating.” Several events are planned to reflect on the early days, showcase what has been achieved, and look to the future. Later in the year there will be quick-fire presentation night, community snorkelling days and a marine photo-blitz. For more information on these events and other ways to celebrate see www.taputeranga.org.nz A formal affair with the Minister of Conservation is on this Sunday 26th August at Te Kopahou Visitor Shelter, Owhiro Bay – all are welcome for a sausage sizzle, speeches and cake cutting between 2 and 5pm.
Right across the road from Taputeranga Marine Reserve.
A cushion star (Patiriella regularis), one of the many varieties of sea star found in the Taputeranga Marine Reserve.
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SWIS in 2011 and 2012. Benji specialises in photography, with his black and white exhibit, Grandpa, displaying a profound contrast between light and dark. “I do a lot of installation works, appropriating my photographs, and I also employ a lot of fabrics and papers to print my photographs on, so that they become objects. I also consider writing as a form of art,” he says. “I’ve got an installation at Weir House [hall of residence] in Kelburn and I’ve done a solo art exhibition curated in my bedroom.” The gala night is a ticketed event ($22 at the door) with refreshments and entertainment. The show continues over the weekend from 10am-4pm with free admission.
Alan Collins’ solo exhibition at Artspace Gallery showcases how passionate he is about watercolour painting and includes over 40 new watercolour paintings featuring some of his favourite scenes. Included are vistas of his seaside home town of Eastbourne and seascapes and landscapes featuring views of Eastern Bays, Petone, Lower Hutt and Wellington harbour.
and a nod to our First Baby with the moot: “Running the country is easier than being a stay-at-home parent.” There will be live music from The Wooden Box Band to open the event and fresh crayfish from the Chatham Islands auctioned for prizes, as well as artworks by local artists. The event will be held next Thursday, August 30 at 7.30pm. Tickets are $25 and can be bought by emailing hvpc.greatdebate@gmail. com, phoning Clare on 027 452 0931, or online Facebook “The Great Debate 2018”.
will delight in this new collection of paintings which showcase his unique style for which he is popular. From the moment Alan dips his brush into the paint, amazing scenes start to unfold, brushstrokes with wonderful movement and light which shows his brush is definitely an extension of his eyes and soul. His favourite tip for the aspiring artist is “draw or paint what you see, not what you think you know”. In addition to regularly changing feature exhibitions, Artspace Gallery exhibits all genre of art by over 300 local and nationwide artists. Visitors regularly comment how wonderfully diverse the collections of local creativity are. The gallery also offers a huge range of unique locally made creative gifts, gift cards and regular art classes. It is located at the congestion-free end of Petone, with free and easy parking right outside, or along the sea front. The exhibition opens on Saturday, August 25 from 1-5pm and runs until October 23. Entry is free.
that time. “As we had less than two years to design and implement the 1991 network, there wasn’t time to develop a unified ticketing system, but I would have expected such a system to have been developed during the late 1990s or early 2000s.” Chris says Greater Wellington was slow to adopt new technology for payments. He describes the on-board ticketing system on the trains as “archaic” and says a universal payments system for trains and buses should have been introduced by now.
Wellington’s Sustainability Trust is should be on the Government’s agenda. delighted about the Government’s plan “In countries where container deposit to ban the sale of single-use plastic bags schemes are in place, virtually no plastic sometime next year. bottles or cans leak into the environ“Banning single-use plastic bags is an ment. They have monetary value to the achievable, visible example of environ- consumer, who return them to recycling mental stewardship — and an important facilities via retail outlets. step in New Zealand’s journey to Zero The Te Aro-based Sustainability Waste,” Sustainablity Trust spokeswom- Trust works with Wellington residents, an Emma Williams says. schools and businesses to reduce waste “Most of us have used single-use plastic to landfill. bags at supermarkets and other retailers. These include programmes such as Deliverers Required in The Government removing them from Your Sustainable School, online suscirculation encourages us to rethink our tainability advice on waste and a range Area 1: Momona, Mohaka, Kawatiri - Kaponga. relationship with all single-use plastics.” of community workshops. She calls for the Government go further The trust is encouraging people to have in banning other plastic products, noting their say in the ban’s public consultation. items such as food wrap and straws are Visit the Ministry for the Environment’s also causing big problems. website to make your submission before [email protected] “We believe container deposit schemes September 14.
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Carpark shifted as Lyall Bay dune restoration underway Work is well underway in creating a new sand dune at Lyall Bay, and restoring Surfers’ Corner at the popular south coast beach. Earthworks and installation of “riprap”, or foundation stones, are being carried out on the beach this month before 1250 cubic metres of sand is brought in to rebuild the dune. The carpark, which previously occupied the waterfront, has already been shifted to the corner of Lyall Parade and Cochrane Street, and the 27 spots are being well used by beach visitors. Storms in 2013, and strong tides in 2015, caused widespread damage along Wellington’s south coast – prompting Wellington City Council to commission the work to protect the natural and built coastal infrastructure. It meant reinstating a functioning sand dune at Surfers’ Corner.
Council Open Spaces and Parks Manager Myfanwy Emeny says the work means parking infrastructure is being removed from the coastal environment. “We are making the Lyall Bay beach more robust,” she says. “The previous asphalt carpark was actually very fragile when it got hit by the force of the sea, and the new sand dune should do a much better, and more natural, job of protecting the road and infrastructure.” Council has budgeted just over $1.4 million for this piece of work, which is anticipated to be finished by the end of October. A wide section of the community, including Kilbirnie-Lyall Bay-Rongotai Residents Association, Wellington Boardriders Club, and local surf clubs were all consulted about the work. The aim is to retain as much beach and dune amenity, access and parking as possible.
Enrolment at the school is governed by an enrolment scheme, details of which are available from the school office. Ballot applications for 2019 are now being accepted. Actual vacancies will be determined at the time of the ballot. Please refer to our website www.seatoun. school.nz to download the appropriate out of zone pre enrolment ballot application form. These must be received by the school office by 9.00am on Friday 7 September 2018 and can either be emailed to our Office Manager, Sarah Gerondis at [email protected] or handed in to the school office.
YARD SALE, 2 households, only from 8am3pm, Sat 25 August, 115 Seatoun Heights Road, rain or shine.
Commercial buildings and maintenance work. Quality assured. Phone: Shane 021987752.
Parents of students who live within the school zone and intend enrolling their child at any time during the next year should notify the school immediately to assist the school to plan appropriately.
If the number of out-of-zone applications exceeds the number of places available, students will be selected by ballot. If a ballot is required, it will be held on Friday 14 September 2018 and parents will be informed within five school days of the ballot being held.
0272 377 020 All welcome, supper provided.
Do you have two hours per month spare? Enjoy being part of Hataitai? Like a say in future developments? Like working with a friendly team?
Wellington United’s women’s team, who have just secured the W-League title for the second time in three seasons have their sights set for national glory this weekend. United have made it to the semi-final of the Kate Sheppard Cup, where they will play Dunedin Technical, the Football South Champions, on Saturday. The Kate Sheppard Cup is the National Women’s Knockout Cup. It was renamed this year in honour of 125 years since women got the vote in New Zealand. This is the first time Wellington United, a club which coincidentally also celebrated 125 years of existence this year, have had a team make it this far in the women’s competition. Wellington United historian Dave Webster says the club would like to get a sizeable crowd along to support the team in a special year for them. “It is significant for Wellington United as it is our 125th anniversary and it was one of our family of clubs, Hungaria, that set up the first women’s football club in New Zealand in 1970,” Dave says. “They’ve been going seriously in the women’s league since Wellington City merged with Hungaria in 2006.” Dave believes Wellington has a good chance of winning, with seven of its players having played in the Capital National League. The game is on this Saturday, August 25 at Newtown Park. Kick-off is at 2pm with a gold-coin donation to enter.
Unic yclist Ken Looi of Grenada Village regularly cycles to Miramar. P H O T O : Jamie Adams.
champion, won bronze despite an injury requiring hospital treatment mid-competition. The other team members, Chris Aitken and Tony Melton, both achieved age-group placings in the street competition and road races respectively. Over 1100 unicyclists from 30 countries attended the 12-day event.
cement spots in the national team in all three formats of the game, but each have their issues. Latham has had some quality innings, especially on foreign soil but he hasn’t produced it consistently to silence the knockers. The same could be said for Nicholls who has not had that break-through innings yet and has largely maintained his No 5 batting spot because there hasn’t been a better or adequate alternative. Williamson is a class act but Taylor, at 34, is in the twilight of his career. Both Cantabrians will need a statement year under Stead to keep their international careers on track. The other two issues will be how to get pace bowler Tim Southee back to somewhere near his peak 2015 performance and working out who is our best spin bowling option.
For me, it’s leg spinner Ish Sodhi but variables like Todd Astle and Mark Craig have all been tried with no real success. Can Stead get the best out of Colin Munro, who seems to be a gem in the twenty20 format but terrible at the longer forms of the game? Stead has been quoted as saying he wants to focus on small gains initially and that’s a reasonable approach and expectation. After a period of unrivalled continued success under Hesson, Kiwi cricket fans could be forgiven for forgetting how middle-of-the-road this team was before it. Stead comes across as a steady pair of hands, much like he was as a player. Dependable, reliable but not flashy. He deserves time and patience, as cricket in New Zealand moves into a new era. | 2019-04-25T00:12:11Z | https://issuu.com/the.star/docs/218235cs |
What started in the 2003-04 season as little more than a randomly scheduled boys basketball game in Becker between two teams that had little in common – great big Hopkins and teeny tiny Ulen-Hitterdal – has become a dominant force in the Minnesota game. Say “Breakdown” to anyone connected to basketball and they will more than likely nod their head.
Officially, the entity is now known as Breakdown Sports USA. The people behind it put together all-day basketball events such as Saturday’s 12th annual Border Battle at Apple Valley High School, which pitted seven teams from Minnesota against seven teams from Wisconsin. Other boys and girls basketball events are held each year and the Breakdown works in promoting other sports as well as producing full-color yearbooks for several sports.
It’s an amazing story, built on a desire by coaches and teachers to support their games. Breakdown founder Justin Hegna coached the Becker girls basketball team to a Class 3A state championship in 2007. His side job was creating publications geared toward high school sports, and that work resulted in relationships with coaches all over the state.
Before the 2003-04 basketball season, he learned that the boys teams from Hopkins and Ulen-Hitterdal had empty slots on their schedules. Since he was coaching in Becker, and as he put it, “I had keys to the building,” the two teams agreed to play there, which made geographic sense. Hegna then added a girls game on the same day between Annandale and Pelican Rapids.
That little afternoon of basketball grew and grew. For years now the Breakdown has hosted an early-season Tip-Off Classic for girls teams and another for boys. This year both were held at Hopkins High School, with 16 games on two courts each day.
Other Breakdown events this basketball season include the Granite City Classic in St. Cloud, the MLK Classic in Duluth, the Winter Lakes Classic in Alexandria and the Community Clash at Hopkins. They also host basketball events in the summer and fall.
The Breakdown’s biggest claim to basketball fame are the matchups they put together. Saturday’s Border Battle, for instance, included the five-time defending state champion among Minnesota’s Class 3A boys teams (DeLaSalle), the two-time defending state champion of Wisconsin’s largest class (Stevens Point), and eight players who have committed to Division I colleges. The capacity crowd inside the Apple Valley gym was testament to the event’s drawing power. The Border Battle is held in Minnesota during odd-numbered years and in Wisconsin during even-numbered years.
When Hegna envisioned the concept of a Border Battle, he called Klingsporn. They met in Maple Grove and talked for several hours.
“He had some really good ideas and I had some things I thought might work and that the high school coaches might like,” Klingsporn said.
Minnetonka High School hosted Tip-Off Classics for several years; a local fire marshall made an appearance in 2015 to assess an overflow crowd. That site was the first to use two courts at the same time.
“People thought I was crazy,” Hegna said. “I met with (then-Minnetonka activities director John Hedstrom) because they had two gyms. John should get as much credit as anybody because Minnetonka was one of the few schools with two gyms that could hold high school games. You didn’t see that in high school, two games at once, live real games.
There have been plenty of memorable moments, not all of them on the basketball court. For instance, back when Hegna was still coaching as well as running events, he was called for a technical foul during a game. Afterwards, one of his duties was handing the officials their paychecks.
Saturday’s Border Battle was well-run, with all seven games starting on time and fans moving easily in and out of the gym.
ERSKINE – Steve Philion and Vern Johnson have known each other for about 40 years. Now in their 60s, the men are high school boys basketball coaches who have seen a lot, learned a lot and taught countless numbers of students and athletes.
Philion is the coach at Red Lake County and Johnson is at Win-E-Mac. When their teams met on a frigid January evening here at Win-E-Mac, it was part homecoming, part family reunion, part elbow in the ribs.
All jokes aside, Johnson and Philion are among the top coaches in Minnesota history. Both are members of the Minnesota High School Basketball Coaches Association Hall of Fame; Johnson was inducted in 2013 and Philion in 2016.
Their successes, however, extend far beyond the basketball court. Philion is retired from a career teaching high school math and Johnson is a retired elementary teacher who currently is working as a long-term elementary substitute teacher at Red Lake Falls (the Red Lake County boys basketball team is a cooperative team with students from Red Lake Falls and Red Lake County Central).
Johnson, a graduate of Erskine High School and the University of North Dakota, began his coaching career as an assistant at Erskine in the 1970s and became the head coach at Grygla-Gatzke in 1980, where he remained for 33 years (also coaching football) until retiring in 2013. A year later, he returned to coaching when he was hired at Win-E-Mac to replace a young coach who moved to Colorado.
Memories can be foggy, but Philion and Johnson recollect that they first crossed paths playing softball when they were in their 20s.
The Win-E-Mac Patriots defeated Red Lake County 64-42 in their first meeting earlier this month; they will meet again at Red Lake County in the regular-season finale on Feb. 27.
Like Johnson, Philion has a son (Kevin) who serves an assistant coach. Kevin also drives the team bus.
Both coaches are taking it a year at a time, enjoying the days with their teams and the competition with friends.
PIERZ – In the world of high school wrestling, a dual match is a storybook. The book always has 14 chapters in a sport with 14 weight classes, from 106-pound sprites who seem to glide over the mat to the athletic mastodons who walk out hauling 285 pounds of muscle, grit and heart.
The book can be a horror novel for teams who know they are outmatched, or easy reading for teams that know they will dominate. Neither was the case here Friday evening, when the top two teams in The Guillotine magazine’s Class 1A rankings met up in a hammer-and-tong match that had all the anticipation of a state-tournament dual.
The Frazee Hornets and Pierz Pioneers could very well meet again at the state tourney in St. Paul in early March. If they do, Friday’s show was a grand preamble, a rollicking action novel filled with ups and downs, highs and lows, screams as well as silence.
Frazee came in with the No. 1 rankings and Pierz was No. 2. These wrestling programs are as good as it gets in Minnesota: The schools have a combined 35 trips to state (23 by Frazee, 12 by the Pioneers) and six state titles (four for the Hornets and two for Pierz).
Last season Frazee was the 1A team state runner-up and Pierz finished third. Two years ago Frazee was fourth and Pierz went 0-2 at state. The schools are 105 miles apart and don’t always meet during the regular season, so this wasn’t your ordinary Friday night exercise.
Indeed. This was a crazy one, with 14 chapters that involved some of the state’s best wrestlers, two veteran coaches and knowledgeable fans who cheered for their boys (“Hook the wrist! Hook the wrist!”) while offering helpful advice to the referee (“That’s a stall, ref, not a stalemate!”).
Three matches pitted wrestlers who are ranked among the top 10 in their weight classes. The action began at 6:45 p.m. with the gym lights dimmed while a set of spotlights lit up the mat.
Frazee got rolling early, with Landon Byer, Michael Miller and Tanner Schermerhorn winning at 106, 113 and 120 pounds to put the Hornets in front 10-0. Lucas Popp put the Pioneers on the board with a 2-1 decision over Kaden Hiemez at 126 and the team score was 10-3.
The Hornets’ top-ranked Tanner Reetz met No. 3 Brandon Ortman of Pierz at 132, and it began with Tanner and Brandon ramming their heads into each other only seven seconds in. Ortman got the worst of it and there was a brief timeout as Pioneers coach Mark Jensen checked on him. Brandon continued wrestling, but he was a little wobbly and Jensen walked onto the mat in the second period, figuratively throwing in the towel. Reetz won by injury default, giving Frazee a 16-3 lead.
After Reese Kapsner of Pierz beat Blaine Beaty 5-2 at 138 and Tanner Eischens of Frazee defeated Andrew Tomala 6-4 at 145, the Hornets’ lead was 19-6 and half of the book’s chapters had been completed.
As the bigger boys strode from the darkness into the light, the home team found its gait and the referee’s hand began slapping the mat with regularity. Jalen Jansen won by fall at 152. Luke Girtz pulled some magic out of his singlet at 160, scoring an escape in the absolute final second to beat Charleton Wake 8-7. The score was Frazee 19, Pierz 15.
Another pin for the Pioneers: Logan Lease at 170 … Pierz led now 21-19 with four weights to go and this was anybody’s match to win. The home fans absolutely shrieked as their Brett Kapsner rolled Logan Wacker’s shoulders onto the mat and the slap reverberated, putting the Pioneers ahead 27-19.
Sixth-ranked Matt Kummet of Pierz defeated fifth-ranked Rory Drewes 3-1 at 195 and it was Pierz 30, Frazee 19. That 11-point margin meant the Hornets needed to win by fall in both of the final two matches to take home the victory.
An amazing thing happened at 220 pounds. Luke Tweeten of Frazee and Carson Huls of Pierz battled, battled and battled some more. In fact, the score was 3-3 and headed to overtime … or so it seemed. Huls held control of Tweeten as the third-period clock neared zero, and then – amazingly – Huls simply let go, allowing Tweeten to score a one-point escape for a 4-3 victory.
The place went nuts as everyone realized what had just happened: By losing in a decision and avoiding overtime, Huls could not be pinned … and Pierz could not be defeated. Clincher. The Pioneers led 30-22 and Troy Fischer completed the night with a pin at 285 pounds, making the final score Pierz 36, Frazee 22.
Clay Nagel, the cowboy-booted coach of the Hornets, had a message for his disappointed wrestlers.
Jensen, as is customary, chatted with Grammond as the end of the broadcast neared. Mark was worn out and emotional, but mostly he was proud of his boys.
Jensen broke some news as he chatted with Grammond. Mark was the Pioneers head coach from 1990 to 2006 before stepping down. He returned as head coach in 2013 and it seems like he is ready to hand the reins off once more.
Both teams were back on the mat several hours later at Saturday tournaments. The Pioneers were in action at 9 a.m. at Cambridge-Isanti and the Hornets were doing the same at Staples-Motley.
The state tournament? That book will be opened the second day of March.
Minnesota boys high school basketball rankings, as provided by Minnesota Basketball News, a statewide basketball publication.
Minnesota girls high school basketball rankings, as provided by Minnesota Basketball News, a statewide basketball publication.
This week’s gymnastics rankings, provided directly to the MSHSL by the Minnesota Girls Gymnastics Coaches Association.
In 1994, a young man stood behind the bench as a head coach as the first girls hockey season in Minnesota high school history began. His name was Dave Palmquist and he’s still behind the bench at South St. Paul. He’s the last of a breed, the last coach standing from the group that got girls hockey off the ground all those years ago.
Palmquist, who will be 53 next week, has been coaching the Packers for about as long as anyone can remember … certainly longer than any of his current players have been alive. The program he built from scratch has earned a reputation for hard work, competitive spirit and playing the game the right way.
South St. Paul owns four state championships (2002, 2003, 2005, 2006) and has made three other appearances in championship games during a record 14 trips to state. Do the math: The Packers have played in title games in half of their state appearances. The team’s record under Palmquist is 474-146-22, but the victories on the ice are much less important than the victories for his players later in life.
Over the years, his players have respected the program’s long-standing tradition as well as its long-standing coach.
Palmquist has been a coach most of his life, even acting as a pseudo-coach with his friends growing up in Columbia Heights; he was the kid who organized games on outdoor ice and driveways.
After graduating from Minnehaha Academy and Bethel College, he returned to Minnehaha as a teacher and assistant boys hockey coach at age 23. A year later he became the head coach and was there for seven years.
He applied for the boys head-coaching position at St. South Paul and was not hired, but school officials called him about another opportunity: becoming the first coach of the girls hockey team. He had no experience in coaching girls, and admits that it was a tough transition at first.
“So many of the men have gone over to the girls side, and you see that at the college level, too,” Palmquist said, mentioning University of Minnesota women’s hockey coach Brad Frost, a former assistant men’s hockey coach at Bethel, and Wisconsin women’s hockey coach Brad Johnson, one-time boys high school coach and men’s assistant with the Badgers.
The majority of girls high school hockey coaches are men, and Palmquist said he would like to see more females in those positions. His staff includes junior varsity coaches and former Packers players Jamie Shephard and Maggie Fisher (the team’s career points leader).
Palmquist’s varsity assistants are Corey McGinn and Josh Palmquist, the coach’s son.
Josh is one of four children of Dave and Karen Palmquist. Zach played hockey at Minnesota State Mankato and is currently with the Iowa Wild, the Minnesota Wild’s minor league affiliate. Son Luke played tennis at Bethel and daughter Abby is a student there now. The day after Abby was born, the entire Packers girls hockey team came to see her in the hospital. She ended up playing for her dad.
Asked about his favorite memories, Dave Palmquist -- who in 2013 was among the inaugural inductees into the Minnesota Girls Hockey Coaches Association Hall of Fame -- first said there were too many to pick out one or two. Then he talked about his family.
Palmquist is familiar to fans who watch the state hockey tournaments on television. He has been an analyst as part of the KSTC-TV in-arena studio crew for more than a decade. His first TV appearance was at the 2006 girls state tournament, which his team won. In that year’s boys state tourney, Palmquist was asked to fill in when a scheduled analyst couldn’t be there. And he’s been there ever since.
That's just like his coaching career, where he’s been since 1994. And he has no plans to bow out.
“I’m a career coach, I don’t see any end to it,” he said. “There’s no end in sight for me as long as I feel good and I’m passionate about it.
If Minnesota has a "cradle of debate coaches" it might very well be St. Francis High School. At the MSHSL state debate tournament held Friday and Saturday at the University of Minnesota, five St. Francis graduates were on hand as head coaches of their respective teams.
The five are (left to right) Chris McDonald of Eagan, Andy Charrier of Edina, Matt Davis of St. Croix Prep, Richard Brynteson of Robbinsdale and Alex Gray of Blaine. Congratulations!
ROSEAU – Yes, of course, hockey is big in this little town near the Canadian border. Roseau boys hockey teams have gone to the state tournament a record 34 times and own seven titles, while the Rams girls have skated at state four times.
This winter, however, the hottest team in town wears sneakers instead of skates. These are the glory days for girls basketball in Roseau; the Rams have been to state in Class 2A the last two years, placing fourth in 2015 and third last season. They are currently ranked No. 1 in 2A and ran their record to 12-0 with an 86-61 home victory Monday night over Thief River Falls, which played at state in Class 3A the last two seasons.
The Rams wear warmup shirts that have the word “UNITED” on the back. They hustle, they dive for loose balls, shoot threes, drive to the hoop and use in-your-face, quick-handed defense to spark fast breaks. In other words, they play basketball the right way, the entertaining way. They have a deep bench and lots of experience in big games on big courts.
In other words, they would very much like to finally win their school’s first basketball state championship. And this could be the year.
The marquee players for the Rams are the Borowicz sisters. Kiley is a senior, Kacie is a sophomore and Katie is an eighth-grader. Kiley and Kacie have played at state twice and Katie made her debut on the big stage last year (pictured, left to right, are Kacie, Katie and Kiley). Roseau coach Kelsey Didrikson calls the trio “the horses for us.” But the Borowicz sisters (their name is pronounced “BRAH-vitch”) are complete and utter team players.
“We’re deep and the supporting cast is strong and knows their roles so well,” Didrikson said. “I don’t have to put pressure on (the sisters). We don’t run a single thing for any of them. There are plays that work because we have them, and if the game is on the line everybody knows they’ll probably have the ball in their hands.
The Borowicz sisters do know how to skate, thank you very much. But they have been hoop-heads for life. Their mom, Tracy, is a former head coach of the Rams girls basketball team and their dad, David, is heavily involved in the game. There are a couple of Borowicz brothers, too: Jake is 10, Jordan is 8 and they also know how the basketball bounces.
Kiley Borowicz leads the Rams with a 26.4-point scoring average. Kacie is next at 18.8, followed by 6-foot-2 senior Victoria Johnson at 12.2, senior Ivy Braaten at 10 and junior Mya Hough at six points per game. Kiley Borowicz and Johnson are the top rebounders, averaging eight boards per game.
The Borowicz sisters get much of the acclaim, but they know how valuable their teammates are.
The Rams are undefeated despite dealing with some injuries. They have outscored their opponents by an average score of 81-58. Their narrowest victory came against Barnesville by a score of 74-68 in a holiday tournament. Roseau and Barnesville (11-2) may end up as the top two teams in the Section 8 postseason playoffs.
Among the big regular-season contests remaining on the Rams’ schedule is a Feb. 3 game in Roseau against Mountain Iron-Buhl, which is currently 11-0 and ranked No. 1 in Class 1A. Facing motivated competition is part of the formula for Roseau.
“In every game we have to play harder than we should have to because everyone brings their best game,” Katie Borowicz said.
The Rams were certainly not cocky in Monday’s game against Thief River Falls. They came out flying fast and working hard, running the court and taking control in leading 52-21 at halftime. At game’s end, Kiley Borowicz had 34 points, Braaten had 14 and Kacie Borowicz 13, while Tiahna Nicholson led the Prowlers with 20 and Alexa Rogalla scored 17.
After losing in the state basketball semifinals the last two years, the Rams are aiming higher this year. The first goal is to get to state, and if that happens they won’t be satisfied with another spot in the third-place game.
“People in school and around town expect a lot from us,” Katie said.
Their coach agreed, laughing when asked if there was pressure on the team.
“It’s not wanting to let anybody down,” Didrikson said. “In a small town this is not just about our coaching staff and the girls on the varsity. It’s something the community is excited about and looking forward to.
--To see a photo gallery from the Thief River Falls-Roseau game, go to the MSHSL Facebook page.
PELICAN RAPIDS – Al Siegle would have loved the Al Siegle Activity Center. The breathtaking new facility was dedicated Friday night before the Pelican Rapids Vikings hosted the Dilworth-Glyndon-Felton Rebels in a boys basketball game, and one thing is for sure: Al would have loved it.
The activity center includes a spacious gymnasium, wrestling room, dance studio, weight room, walking track and other great touches. It is a showplace and will be a great source of pride in Pelican Rapids for years to come.
Al Siegle, who passed away in 2015, was a beloved teacher, coach and administrator in Pelican Rapids from 1964 to 1994. He is a member of the Minnesota High School Coaches Association Hall of Fame and the Minnesota Interscholastic Athletic Administrators Hall of Fame. After retiring he worked as a substitute teacher, helped out at sporting events and remained very active in school and community events.
During the ceremony, former coaching colleagues Rex Haugen and Virg Kohler talked about their memories of Al. They told funny stories and touching stories. There were tears and applause.
Kohler asked any former students, former co-workers and friends of Al to stand, and darn near everybody in the gym did so. “Look at the lives he touched,” Virg said.
Al knew that the activity center would bear his name, and he was stunned to learn this. The building was under construction at the time of his passing.
“Kids are going to have incredible opportunities here,” said Tim. “What an incredible gift for kids to have an opportunity to grow and learn inside these facilities.
Al’s family received a plaque bearing Al’s likeness and a few words honoring him and what he meant to Pelican Rapids. A replica of the plaque hangs on a wall inside the entrance to the activity center.
Tim talked about what Pelican Rapids meant to his father, who was a Montana native and graduate of Concordia College in Moorhead.
The ceremony ended with the outstanding Pelican Rapids pep band playing the school song as everyone stood and clapped along. And they smiled with pride.
--To see a photo gallery from Pelican Rapids, go to the MSHSL Facebook page.
Sounds simple enough, right? But as any coach will tell you, it’s all in the execution.
The first time I interviewed Tesdahl, he was a senior at Crosby-Ironton High School. His basketball team was the Class 2A state runner-up that year (2008) and he was bound for a record-setting college career at Bemidji State. He set school and conference records for assists and helped the Beavers win the 2012 Northern Sun Intercollegiate Conference title and a berth in the NCAA Division II national tournament. His playing career was followed by three years as a graduate assistant at Minnesota-Duluth. His family basketball pedigree is also special, but more on that later.
Tesdahl was hired as the New Prague boys coach last season and had an immediate impact. His inaugural team was 20-8 and lost to Lakeville North in the Class 4A Section 1 semifinals; North went on to become the 4A state runner-up. This season, the Trojans are 10-0 and one of only four undefeated teams in 4A (the others are Tartan and Wayzata at 8-0 and Champlin Park at 7-0).
New Prague has defeated teams such as Burnsville, Lakeville South, Shakopee, East Ridge and Rochester Mayo. Upcoming opponents include Eden Prairie, Prior Lake and Minnetonka, along with competition from Orono, Delano, Holy Family, Waconia and Hutchinson in the Wright County Conference.
This is where execution comes in. The Trojans are a senior-dominated team that relies on a mix of hard-nosed defense and ball-zipping offense. They also have a bit of a chip on their shoulder due to their status as one of the smallest schools in 4A basketball. There are 64 teams in 4A and New Prague ranks 62nd on that list; only St. Cloud Tech and Henry Sibley are smaller. New Prague is only in its second year as a 4A team.
Tuesday’s 67-43 victory at Farmington was emblematic of the Trojans’ season. They dashed out to an early lead, kept hustling on defense and passing on offense and gave the Tigers (4-3) few chances to get back in the game.
The game began like this: Tylar Lindell hit a three-point shot on New Prague’s first possession and the bench erupted. After a turnover, Lindell made a fast-break layup and the bench erupted. Jacob Milinkovich drained a three, followed by another steal, Milinkovich was fouled on a layup and hit two free throws. By the time the game was less than four minutes old, multiple daggers had been thrown and the score was 12-0.
The five senior starters are Lindell, Jacob and Jared Milinkovich, Zach Hanson and Jacob Washa. Hanson, a 6-foot-5 forward who will play collegiately at St. John’s in Collegeville, averages 19 points and 18 rebounds. Jacob Milinkovich averages 14 points.
Some folks in New Prague might argue that last year’s team was even more talented, but there is always a period of adjustment when a new coach takes over. Tesdahl said he and his team have moved past that stage in his second season.
“This time I got the full summer with the kids and continued to develop that relationship coming off the first year,” he said. “First years are always tough. It’s a scramble to get to know the kids, install offensive and defensive principles, the whole learning curve. We got it down late last year, we had some success, the kids bought in at the end of the season to where we are today.
Tesdahl is the grandson of Bob McDonald, the now-retired Chisholm boys basketball coach who won more games than any coach in Minnesota history and was inducted into the National High School Hall of Fame in 2015. The family basketball tree has deep roots and extensive limbs.
All six of Bob McDonald’s children became basketball coaches, including Tesdahl’s mother, Sue, a former coach at Crosby-Ironton. Bryce Tesdahl’s uncles are head coaches at Hibbing High School (Joel), Ely High School (Tom), Cambridge-Isanti High School (Mike) and Vermilion Community College (Paul). Bryce’s cousin Rhett McDonald (son of Mike) is the boys basketball coach at Duluth East.
Provided by Let's Play Hockey. | 2019-04-19T02:26:09Z | https://www.mshsl.org/mshsl/johnsjournal.asp?bymonth=1&byyear=2017 |
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Это никогда не может быть, wave в midi, ее возможности позволяют быстро кодировать аудиодорожки, ogg плеер, киньте кто то ссылку! Все эти видео ждут тебя на просторах , играть. Аудио форматы и файлы изображений: программное обеспечение, что бы читал wav формат, проигрыватель, mp3 в mid, iPhone, В случае если ваш файл в WAV не конвертируется. Toolbar, конвертирование, превращать), mediacoder: hotfile (Cue+Covers+Audiochecker).
Дистрибутив приложения весит всего порядка 25 Мб, поэтому его загрузка не займет больше 5 минут вашего времени. Как только установочный файл скачается, распакуйте его двойным кликом мыши. Далее просто следуйте указаниям открывшегося Мастера Установки. В процессе не забудьте создать значок программы на рабочем столе, чтобы всегда иметь быстрый доступ к ней. Запустите утилиту и переходите к следующему шагу.
Качество аудиофайлов после сжатия зависит не только от параметров, но также и от того, какой кодер использует программа для кодирования аудиосигнала. Наиболее качественным кодером для mp3 считается Lame encoder, над его совершенствованием идет постоянная работа. Кодеров для формата OGG существует немного. Сами разработчики выпускают ogg2wav windows кодер, декодер и другие утилиты для работы с форматом. Все они доступны на официальном сайте компании Vorbis. Кодеров для формата AAC очень много, но в большинстве они несовместимы друг с другом. Отметим три совместимых между собой: FAAC, QuickTime от Apple и Nero AAC Encoder. Наиболее качественным из них считается кодер от Nero.
MP3 Convert Grasp представляет собой мощный аудио-конвертор, который позволяет конвертировать: MP3 в WMA, WMA в MP3, MP3 в OGG, Mp3 в Wma, OGG в MP3 и WAV в MP3. С его помощью вы также сможете легко грабить музыку в RAW, WAV, MP3 или OGG формат, а также записывать звуки или речь с любого устройства вашей системы в WAV, MP3 или WMA. При этом программа предельно проста в использовании и сразу будет понятна даже начинающему пользователю. Работает MP3 Convert Grasp в ОС Home windows 2000/XP/2003/vista, и просит за свою работу $14.95. Сумма конечно небольшая, но в любом случае для принятия решения у вас будет 30-ти дневный срок тестового периода.
Таким образом, выбирая между 128 и 160, вам стоит задуматься вот о чем. У LAME в основном страдает качество передачи высоких частот, у OGG затрагиваются также низкие частоты. Если говорить об общем уровне качества, я бы посоветовал придерживаться one hundred sixty кбит везде, где это возможно, а к 128 прибегать только в самых крайних случаях, т.к. разница в размере невелика, а в качестве звучания огромна.
Instruction De La Conversion Du Fichier CDA Au Format FLAC.
Sans logiciel audio tel que MAGIX Audio Cleanic , le format CDA de CD de musique n'est malheureusement pas facile à lire ou à convertir dans votre ordinateur sous Windows. Enfin traktor professional prend en cost plusieurs formats audios incluant les suivants : mp3 wav wm aac aiff cd audio flac et ogg vorbis.. Le djing a progressivement pris sa place sur le grand échiquier de la musique , L'art convertir cda en flac du mixage attire dès lors de nombreux passionnés / Traktor pro pourrait encore les encourager à faire mieux à vivre l'expérience du mixage professionnellement.
Prise en charge de la gravure des formats wav mp3 wma au aiff ra ogg flac aac ainsi qu'un bon nombre d'autres formats de fichiers audio.. Specific burn est un programme de gravure de cd gratuit pour mac os x , Gravez l'audio cd et cd de données gratuitement et essayez les fonctionnalités avancées de gravure de dvd vidéo / Importez plusieurs codecs rip cda à flac audio et specific burn les convertit automatiquement en cda pendant la gravure et peut même normaliser le volume audio.
Pour fixer les idées, la qualité CD qui correspond à une bonne qualité audiophile, correspond à sixteen bits et forty four,1 KHz. Je suis en train de dématérialiser mes 3500 CDs sur un serveur de chez Synology avec le logiciel MusicBee, et d'installer un système Sonos dans toute la maison pour en faire la lecture. Je cherchais un « gros » lecteur externe comme il en existait il y a plus de dix ans, mais ils ont semble-t-il disparu de la circulation. Bien des appareils mobiles ne savent pas relire des fichiers avec encodage VBR, notamment en WMA.
Tu peux convertir ce que tu veux en ce que tu veux.. mais à partir du second où tu passes par du MP3 ou de l'AAC tu vas perdre des informations. L'encodage MP3, par exemple, est effectué avec LAME, l'encodage Ogg Vorbis avec aoTuv, l'encodage FLAC avec libFLAC, les encodages AAC et Apple Lossless avec Core Audio. Par exemple, un enregistrement numérique (tel qu'un CD) codé en FLAC peut être décompressé pour obtenir une copie identique des données audio. De plus, tu peux souvent graver un peu plus de temps de son sur ton cd en CDA qu'en wav.
Import the midi file into iTunes by dragging the file into the primary iTunes window. So you may synthesize MIDI knowledge to audio, and seize the resulting audio, nevertheless it's not the same factor as converting it. Just to make that time blazingly clear: it's synthesizing, not converting. Create new music information to play on Apple iPod and other portable MP3 gamers with audio CD high quality. That video made my level better than any of us could: mp3 to MIDI is principally a pipe dream. It is without doubt one of the easiest MIDI to MP3 converters available in the market and has revolutionized the best way folks convert their MP3 recordsdata.
I've received one midi file and i want to play that file on net web page, presently i am using participant for enjoying however it is not working on cell browsers. A written sentence is like MIDI data, because a single sentence will sound different when spoken by a dozen individuals. Direct MIDI to MP3 Converter is a good option to convert your downloaded MIDI files, into MP3 information and make your individual CDs which you'll play on your own home CD participant or send to your pals. To do that, you want a synthesizer, which is a special program that synthesizes MIDI data to an audio stream as the identify would counsel. You don't need to pay attention MIDI music and alter recording level while converting.
Choose Add to Library from the File menu or press Command A window will open permitting you to choose a MIDI file. Within the popup window that can open, browse the input file (the midi file that you really want convert to mp3) and the output file (identify and vacation spot folder). MIDI was began within the 80's, when six synth manufacturing companies needed to set some type of 'standard', so the totally different keyboards might 'discuss' to each other. Should you burn a MIDI file to CD, it is just data and can't be performed on a CD participant. Customers of Mac nonetheless have a few choices in case they wish to convert their recordsdata from Midi to MP3. Simply drag and drop your MIDI recordsdata and the remaining is completed routinely by Direct MIDI Converter! The program has an intuitive graphic interface which is good for beginner customers.
Midi2mp3 is a free online midi to mp3 or wav converter provided at Here you can convert MIDI information to MP3/WAV audio recordsdata, which you'll be able to then burn onto a CD, import into http://www.magicaudiotools.com/convert-midi-to-mp3 a flash movie and for other makes use of the place MIDI files are restricted. I might then import the slower mp3 into Finale, sync the music to a measure structure, then transcribe the music.
Not like the other related applications MIDIRenderer offers direct MIDI rendering to waveform with out using sound card and permits you to use any excessive-high quality instrument sound instead of Windows Normal MIDI set. The explanation for disabling To Spkrs is that with out it SynthFont does not should do its calculations in actual-time, which prevents clicks and pops from showing in the MP3 file in case you have a sluggish computer. Edit: They said that audacity is ok, but I hoped to find a approach to convert with out having to report it in actual-time and as a substitute, just take the midi-file, open it in a program after which render/export it to a sound-file. MP3 audio is increasingly being used in video manufacturing coupled with numerous MPEG4 video codecs like divx.
There are some default chorus and reverb settings in my new MIDI2MP3 converter I'll have to remember to defeat sooner or later, however I really love this application! The trick to converting MIDI information to MP3 then, is to select a different synthesizer that sounds higher. The T3 can load and play a MIDI file, and you can flip it into audio on the machine itself. I take advantage of Audacity (a free audio recording program) on my LAPTOP and output MP3 with it. Very easy. Direct MIDI to MP3 Converter is a quick audio utility that permits you to convert MIDI files to MP3, WAV, WMA and OGG formats. It stands to reason, if you happen to can document a style to MP3, then by extension, certainly a MIDI as well. You would not have to fret about compromising on the media file while changing it. This software takes a MIDI file shows it as sheet music which may be printed.
While converting MIDI to MP3 is a step that can't be avoided in the scenario when you'll want to signify your compositions or simply to play them anywhere, it's essential how a specific program converts MIDI to MP3. Select MP3” because the output format and go to Audio Settings” part to change the bitrate, channels, and sample fee, and so forth. You should use MIDI to MP3 Converter to playback MIDI files instantly in the program as effectively. Therefore, Synthfont, because of it's plug and play” paradigm and ease of use with present MIDI recordsdata made it a winner for a beginner DAW-ist” like me (wow, that sounds like some form of religion). Simply drag and drop your MIDI files and the rest is completed robotically by Direct MIDI to MP3 Converter. It is possible that these online methods may result in a loss of high quality, though.
Midi2mp3 is a free online midi to mp3 or wav converter provided at Right here you'll be able to convert MIDI files to MP3/WAV audio recordsdata, which you'll then burn onto a CD, import into http://www.magicaudiotools.com/convert-midi-to-mp3 a flash movie and for different uses where MIDI information are restricted. I would then import the slower mp3 into Finale, sync the music to a measure structure, then transcribe the music.
Audio: MP3, M4A, AC3, AAC, WMA, WAV, OGG, APE, MKA, AU, AIFF, FLAC, M4B, M4R, MP2, MPA, etc. Pour quelqu'un qui s'apprete a dematerialiser sa musique, de nombreux cd avec de bon enregistrement, pour qui la sauvegarde et la qualite de restitution est aussi vital, et pour qui one hundred euros de plus en disque dur ne pose pas de probleme, le format wav est le dispositif de dematerialisation le plus perenne et met un terme aux doutes et discutions interminables des audiophiles.
Pour transcoder facilement un fichier audio, de nombreux logiciels existent sur le marche tels que AudioCoder (MediaCoder Audio Edition) , dBpowerAMP Music Converter , Any Audio Converter , Quick Media Converter HD et meme AIMP Afin de repondre au meme besoin, la logitheque Clubic vous propose de decouvrir une perle uncommon que vous adopterez surement !
Puis on recommence mais cette fois en MP3, or sox ne le gere pas, automotive si on lit le man, il est ecrit que pour le MP3, il ne fonctionne qu'avec libmad et libmp3lame qui ne sont pas sur les depots. flac a wav en ligne Appliquez les modifications en fonction de vos besoins et pre-ecoutez un apercu pour voir si vous etes satisfait des changements. C'est en collaboration etroite avec @Dzef et @Shankarius que cet onglet a ete realise.
Et en quelques clics, vous pouvez creer une sonnerie en ligne et le telecharger gratuitement. L'element de programme qui transforme le sign en fichier et le fichier en sign s'appelle un codec , abreviation de COder-DECoder. Il n'y a AUCUNE comparaison potential entre un MP3 a 256 Kbps cree avec l'encodeur de Fraunhofer (l3enc) et un MP3 a 256 Kbps ABR cree avec la derniere version de Lame : ce dernier sera bien meilleur.
Pour des gros calculs comme ca, en ajoutant l'option -P nombre_de_c?ur a xargs on parallelise gratuitement le programme. En dehors de YouTube, ce convertisseur peut gerer de nombreux d'autres fichiers, y compris audio, photographs flac en wav en ligne et e-books. Mais on peut aussi vouloir creer un fichier de sous-titrage synchronise, qui sera affiche en meme temps que la chanson est jouee, par exemple sur un baladeur.
Pour les utilisateurs Mac, il y a Fluke qui permet la prise en cost du FLAC sur iTunes. Prix : Le titre revient a 0,99 € en moyenne, les nouveautes a 1,29 €, les promotions a 0,69 €. Un album entier coute entre 9,ninety nine et 11,ninety nine €. Une autre plateforme qui vaut d'etre mentionnee est Qobuz , la seule plateforme de telechargement qui suggest le format « Studio Master ». Vous pouvez donc demander a votre ingenieur du son de vous envoyer les fichiers Master (la plupart du temps ils envoient seulement les WAV), pour les proposer a la vente sur Qobuz.
FLAC ist die Abkürzung für Free Lossless Audio Codec, der auch für die verlustfreie Kompression bekannt ist. Die Foundation beziffert die durchschnittliche Größenverringerung von FLAC mit 50 %. MP3 und Vorbis hingegen bewegen sich mit ihren Commonplace-Qualitätsstufen im Bereich um 90 %. Der Platzgewinn hängt zudem stark von der Art des jeweiligen Audiomaterials ab. So kann beispielsweise ruhige, elektronische Musik zumeist wesentlich besser komprimiert werden als laute Rockmusik.
Mit FLAC kodierte Musikdateien besitzen dank dieser Technik etwa 70% bis seventy five% ihrer ursprünglichen Dateigröße. Synology Snapshot Manager ist verfügbar für VMware vSphere 5.1 oder höher, Windows Server 2008 R2, 2012 und 2012 R2 für die Aufnahme anwendungskonsistenter Schattenkopien. Aber da ich einen Mac als Hauptrechner nutze und wirklich gute Alternativen Mangelware sind (und früher oder später ein iPod Contact konvertiere flac in aiff oder gar iPhone geplant ist), bin ich dann nach zwei Jahren doch mal bei iTunes gelanden. Wenn du von Wave in Flac, ALAC oder wieder zurückwandelst (alternativ auch mit jeder anderen Reihenfolge), wirst du hinterher beim Vergleich exakt übereinstimmende Ergebnisse bekommen.
Das Tag enthält nicht nur die Informationen zu Interpret, Album, Name usw usw, sondern zeigt auch das CoverBild an. Die Unterschiede beruhen aber definitiv nicht auf Unterschieden in den eigentlichen Daten: wandle ich dieselbe wav-Datei in FLAC oder ALAC und wieder zurück (auch mehrmals), kommen exakt die gleichen Datensätze raus. Bigasoft FLAC Converter für Mac ist voll kompatibel mit Mac OS X 10.four (Tiger), 10.5 (Leopard), 10.6 (Snow Leopard) und 10,7 (OS X Lion). Erst können Sie AnyMP4 Audio Converter kostenlos herunterladen und dann auf Ihrem Laptop kostenloser flac zum aiff konverter installieren. Wenn Sie eine CD rippen und als unkomprimiertes WAV speichern, bleibt der Inhalt Bit für Bit erhalten. Unterstützt die Transkodierung der Formate FLAC/APE, ALAC/AAC, OGG und AIFF für DLNA-Participant. Wie sieht es den bei Apples lossless mit mehreren Kanälen aus, Flac kann da ja einiges schlucken. Sie wird allein verwendet Ihnen zu kontaktieren bei der Bestätigung von HDtracks-Einkäufen.
Ich persoenlich habe bisher keinen Unterschied zwischen den unterschiedlichen Formaten AIFF, ALAC und FLAC gehoert, weiss aber aus diesem und anderen Foren, dass eine Menge Leute AIFF gegenueber ALAC/FLAC bevorzugen. Unterstützt die Überwachung mehrerer Standorte mit bis zu 300 Aufnahmeservern und 5000 IP-Kameras. Eine WAV Datei kann ohne Qualitätsverlust nachträglich wieder in Audacity importiert und nachbearbeitet, und wieder exportiert werden. Wenn Sie den Klang verändern möchten, können Sie JRiver Media Center flac zum aiff konverter benutzen, um diesen zu verändern: Upmixing, Bitdepth, Lautsprecher Kontrolle and so on. | 2019-04-22T20:50:43Z | http://eos.tastenlaeufer.de/viewtopic.php?f=4&t=474020&start=100 |
An article presented by Thomas. W Jackson to the Third International Conference of Masonology, held in Izmir Turkey, April 12, 2013 and shared in the Spring 2013 Edition of the Philalethes Magazine.
Indeed, since the beginning of this Century, the challenges of Masonry have been a major topic of discussion by Masonic leaders of the World as well as by the individual brothers who comprise our Lodges. It is also a subject on which I have placed a great deal of emphasis in my position as Executive Secretary of the World Conference of Regular Masonic Grand Lodges. Keep in mind that the observations I present to you today will not be applicable to every jurisdiction or even to every part of the World. I write from the cumulative experiences which I have had and the knowledge I have gained from the privilege of being able to travel over a great portion of the World for the purpose of Freemasonry.
My Brothers, this is a remarkable age for Freemasonry. Our Fraternity is expanding and establishing roots in relatively untouched environments. It is achieving success in its influence in parts of the World where it has not existed in the past or where it has been rejuvenated following the demise of repressive regimes. There have been 26 consecrations of NEW Grand Lodges since the beginning of this millennium. This represents perhaps the most rapid rate of expansion, over that span of time, we have seen in our history. There has been a rebirth of interest in the potential of our Craft to contribute to a new societal evolution in much of the World. I have been greatly impressed and stimulated by the development of the interest seen in the leaders of countries striving to enhance the evolution of their societies and looking at the potential for Freemasonry to participate in that enhancement.
Facing challenges and searching for solutions is nothing new to Freemasonry. Challenges to our integrity have been part of Masonic history even before we were formally structured in 1717. We have searched for solutions for centuries, and yet, challenges remain. However, our survival over those centuries is indicative of our success as an institution.
Every challenge, large or small, became temporary because our philosophical purpose never wavered and the leadership of the Craft never lost its vision. The very fact that it continues to thrive throughout the World is undeniable evidence that its purpose is universal & undying.
In the present age, however, there seems to be a prevailing attitude by many of our leaders that the Freemasonry of those past centuries is not a good fit for modern society & that we must change our operational precepts to adapt to this Society. In spite of all the changes that have been made in recent years, however, there has been little success with our attempts to reshape Freemasonry to fit the “Modern” World. Indeed many attempts have resulted in increased failure. One of the causes for our failure to find a universal answer is that the challenges are not Universal and that leaders of the Craft differ considerably on the solutions to these challenges. In our attempt to regain our prominence and visibility, we have become far too willing to surrender the integrity & character that made us prominent & visible to begin with, simply to satisfy demands from the profane world.
Certainly, the environment in which we must operate today is different from the environment of the past, but the environment has constantly changed. Is the societal change required to advance into today’s age of technology any more dramatic that the societal change required to advance into the age of the Industrial Revolution??
Is it necessary for us to become fundamentally different from what we have been for the last 300 Years.??? Are the environmental changes of the modern world so much different from those of the past that the philosophy of Freemasonry, with its emphasis on Morals & Ethics is no longer applicable?? Perhaps changes are not so much needed in Freemasonry as they are in the society in which it exists!! Because society lowers its values does not mean we must lower ours on order to fit in. We must always pull others up to meet with us, not climb down to met with them. I would suggest that the problem is NOT with us and our philosophy, but rather with society and its values. Our concern, today, must not so much be with the changing environment in which we operate, but rather our reaction to it.
Organized Freemasonry has survived=and indeed flourished=in a constantly changing environment for close to three centuries and has been a dominant player in the evolution of civil society during that period of time. It has changed over three centuries, but never in the form of magnitude that we are seeing in the present age on some areas of the World. Freemasonry has never been a stagnant institution, although we should be greatly concerned about refusing to consider change, if this change could benefit our Craft. Any change we choose to make, however, must not be as a result of pressures from the outside world. Alterations we previously made in our operational procedures were effected because we wanted them made for the benefit of the Craft…not because those from the profane world wanted them made. Now, however, many changes we are making or considering are attempts to satisfy external demands. We now seem to be willing to make these changes to satisfy the “political correctness” attitude of present-day society, and I find myself to be out of step with this attempt.
I have sometimes found myself in disagreement with may of today’s leaders of Freemasonry, especially in my own Home Country (United States) where our desperate attempt to secure numbers has resulted in a catastrophic loss of our image and the marginalization of our influence in society. Now we spend far too much time making excuses to justify our failings instead of working to maintain our successes.
I am not in accord with the rationalization that the protocols of regularity, recognition, right to visit, and territorial sovereignty are unable to shape today’s world, and I readily admit that I do not accept that these fundamental precepts, which defined Freemasonry and served as a stabilizing force for centuries, are merely outmoded vessels of our past. For some reason or reasons we seem to have adopted the attitude that dramatic changes are not only desirable but necessary for our survival in a society that desperately needs an injection of the Ethical & Moral values of Freemasonry.
These protocols, under which we have operated for three centuries and that we are now implying do not fit into today’s world, have provided a protective umbrella, shielding the Craft, from those who would attempt to dilute its essential values. Why we have become so willing, in recent years, to submit to the liberal thinking elements of society that, the Freemasonry we have known for 300 years; The Freemasonry that has been a major contributor to shaping the World as we know it today. The Freemasonry that has participated in so many struggles for liberty, freedom and equality for so many peoples, indeed the Freemasonry whose philosophy could serve as a template for World Peace is no longer applicable???
Freemasonry did not survive by bowing to the wishes or the demands of a Society so lacking in many ethical & moral values that are foundation stones of our Craft. Freemasonry did not thrive by subjugating the Craft to dictatorial regimes or to oppressive religious powers. Freemasonry did not become the greatest organization conceived by the mind of man by lowering our standards and sacrificing our principles in order to receive greater numbers or acceptance from the profane world that makes no attempt to understand us. No, my Brothers!! Freemasonry became what it has become due to our commitment to retain those qualities which made it great and made it a benefit to civil society.
A very good friend of mine, who is a Christian minister, once asked me why we define ourselves as an organization with a goal to accept only good men and make them better, choosing to ignore those who need our help most. My response to him was that fine porcelain cannot be made from bad clay. It was the responsibility of religious institutions to reform men, not ours. We are not a reformation society.
We seek to better men of excellent character, knowing that many of those improved by our Craft have made great contributions to the structure of our civil society. My Brothers, I fear that Freemasons in many areas of the world today are forgetting that purpose. As a result, the visible image that we are projecting to society is one with much less prestige than we were able to sustain in the past. As that prestige diminishes, our influence on the ongoing evolution of civil society also diminishes. That is a tragic loss to the World. Freemasons exemplified those Moral & Ethical characteristics that tended to elevate societies, simply by emulating what was good and what was just and right in man. In so doing , Freemasonry served as a template that resulted in a new vision of the rights of humankind. In a broad sense, it has served as a foundation for the concept of democracy.
As our overall influence may be decreasing, our potential to impact the World is increasing. But even as that potential is increasing, we are experiencing dissension in our ranks that also may be approaching a zenith. Internal issues within Jurisdictions that give rise to schisms and confrontations between Grand Lodges are on the increase. Too many of our members are developing the attitude that the Freemasonry that has existed for 300 years is not compatible with what they perceive as Masonic Philosophy. Historically, the greatest challenges facing Freemasonry were external. Our greatest enemies have been oppressive leaders of governments & oppressive leaders of Religions. You will note I referred to Leaders of Governments & Religions, not governments & religions. Governments do not oppose us, nor do Religions oppose us. It is only the leaders of these institutions who have been our opponents.
It is also worth noting that both of these entities, even when in opposition to each other, opposed us for the very same reason, a desire to control the bodies and minds of those under their control and with intent to destroy any organization tending to interfere with that desire. They would take away from the adherents everything that Freemasonry stands for, the liberty of man to think and to live, free from repressive political constraint and with the freedom to worship GOD as individual consciences dictates.
Today, however, they are NOT the greatest threats that we are facing. The greatest threat we are facing is Internal not External. There are far more divisive issues for Freemasonry now existing within the liberal minds of the membership of the Craft, than there are challenges from forces outside of it. No repressive government nor any oppressive religious regime has been able to defeat the philosophy of Freemasonry. In spite of all the attempts from these powers, none have destroyed us. Many have tried and many have failed. Now, however, is some areas of the World, we are accomplishing what they could never do.
For years, I have been emphasizing several of the greatest threats to our Integrity as an Institution. They are the interference of appendant bodies with Grand Lodge operations,the spread of irregular forms of Freemasonry and our willingness to accept it, and our enthusiasm to encourage exposure of Freemasonry to the public generally through the development of modern technology.
Any organization requiring that Masonic Membership is a prerequisite, is subordinate to the Grand Lodge in that Jurisdiction. The Grand Lodge is the supreme authority over Freemasonry in all Jurisdictions, and any interference by an appendant organization must be unacceptable. There have been far too many Grand Lodges, in recent years, struggling to compete with these organizations, whose members sometimes feel that higher degree numbers denote higher status. There is no Degree higher than that of a Master Mason. All other Degrees are superfluous to the third.
Irregular Freemasonry is nothing new in the Masonic World, it has been in existence for almost as long as regular Freemasonry, but it has never been a serious threat to our stability. Now, however, it is spreading into environments where regular Freemasonry has existed for centuries. It is currently developing into a competitive threat to mainstream, regular Freemasonry. It has become a major obstacle in stabilizing Freemasonry in Eastern Europe and in some parts of Africa. We must be concerned today with the willingness of some of our leadership to grant recognition to those bodies that are not governed by the same protocols as are we. In lacking those protocols, they present to the World a different image from what we attempt to project, while the World sees us all simply as Freemasons. Regularity of Origin is a constitutional assurance that those who are seeking recognition are indeed Masonic.
Regularity in practice forms a basis for recognition, and assures us that Grand Lodges remain in compliance with the principal landmarks of the Craft. Regularity is a right based upon origin and practice. Recognition is a privilege granted by each individual Grand Lodge and it must be based on regularity.
I could not disagree more with that quotation!!!
How could the writer possibly understand Freemasonry and write that such attitudes contradict the premise that brotherhood & fraternalism which is the basis of Freemasonry.??? A founding principle of Freemasonry is belief in a Supreme Being. Many forms of irregular or clandestine Freemasonry have no such precondition. The required belief in a Supreme Being is one of the major factors that distinguishes us from other Fraternal, civic & social bodies. Were we to delete the requirement of the belief in a Supreme Being for one to become a Freemason we would dismantle one of the distinguishing characteristics of the Craft and perhaps the most revealing bond that unites us.
Comment I am in total agreement with Bro. Jackson as to his comment on the belief in a Supreme Being, being absolutely integral to becoming a Freemason and, where that is NOT a prerequisite, recognition should be withheld. Where I disagree is in the fact that as Freemasonry holds as a banner “The Universality of Man” how then could recognition be withheld on Political; Religious or Racial grounds & to say that that is not happening is to totally ignore & avoid reality.
Personally since 2004 I have held the office of Grand Representative from the Most Worshipful Prince Hall Grand Lodge of Washington & Jurisdictions to the Grand Lodge of British Columbia & Yukon, in which I am a member.Recognition between these two Grand Lodge bodies occurred in 2006 & I am honoured and privileged to hold that office.
Also. how could these labels possibly belittle contemporary and historical traditions, when regularity has been consistently required and enforced for centuries??? In our present age , there has been a willingness among most of our leadership to submit to society’s demands to lift the veil of the mystique & secrecy that have made us such a unique organization.
That uniqueness is what helped differentiate us, and made us the most outstanding and significant institution that the human mind has ever conceived. Never has there been any organization that rivals the positive influence that Freemasonry has had on the evolution of society. Now for some reason, many of our present day leaders feel the need to expose to the public that which we have concealed (or attempted to conceal) for several hundred years, diluting our uniqueness and dispelling the aura that surrounded us and that tended to lift us to a higher plane in comparison to other fraternal organizations. This new found tendency has had a major impact upon those who were attracted by the mystique and the unknown of the Craft. The result has been that many who might have petitioned for that reason no longer have the stimulus to affiliate.
Comment I am led to believe that Freemasonry, Worldwide, has a current membership of approximately 6 million in a World of Billions of Men. Is this Unique??? I surely think so!!
Our own ignorance of the true significance and purpose of Freemasonry has facilitated the decline of the mystique. It is appalling to read some of the information that is put on the Internet by well meaning brothers who have all the answers, but have never heard the questions.
We also live in a World society dominated by the concept of political correctness, wherein everyone should have the right to have the same as everyone else irrespective of their ability, initiative or work ethic. In some parts of the World, Freemasons have bought into that concept, resulting in a devastating effect upon the quality of the Craft, followed by a concomitant decline of our image on Society.
Comment Surely it is not being assumed that the personal qualities of Morality & Ethics are only to be found in some classes or segments of society. What a mistake that would be !!
The greatest challenges that Freemasonry faced in our historic past will be quite different from those we will face in the twenty-first Century, because most will be caused internally. We will probably continue to face challenges from leaders of governments & religions , but they will not be our greatest concern. We have faced these external challenges for centuries. We have also faced internal challenges in the past. However, the internal dissentions that are tending to divide Grand Lodges, the increased egotism that tends to weaken Grand Lodges, the advancement of modern technologies that facilitate the diffusion of misinformation, and our willingness to surrender our protocols should be our greatest concerns.
My brothers, the twenty first century could very well be the most critical period of time of our existence. We have, in this century, the potential to accomplish what no other entity has been able to do: facilitate our own extinction.
We have spent fat too much time parasitizing the greatness of our past, but we cannot continue to dwell upon its greatness while continuing to ignore the need to create our future. Our concern must now be our future, and our greatest hurdle to overcome will be us. The time has come for is to deposit our egos at the door and dedicate ourselves to the unity of regular Freemasonry.
It is a time for us to repay our brothers of the past who have given an unsurpassed legacy to each of us and to the World. We will not accomplish this by sacrificing the protocols that have created that legacy. We, the present-day leaders of this heritage, must assume the responsibility of perpetuating it and carrying it into the future.
My Brothers, if Freemasonry is not succeeding anywhere in the World, it is not the failure of Freemasonry, it is our failure as Masons.
I have very much enjoyed reading this presentation, and while I am much more positive re the health of Freemasonry in my own Grand Lodge, and others I am familiar with, there are obviously those Grand Lodges that may fit within Bro. Jackson’s description. There is much to ponder in this presentation and it is possibly be a little provocative. But it will certainly make us think. ENJOY. | 2019-04-18T18:19:28Z | https://masons.id.au/index.php/education-articles/58-challenges-of-masonry-in-21st-century |
Letter to the Editor: Why does Frontier TeleNet use contractors instead of employees?
Saturday, May 5, I am hosting a town hall at the Wasco School Events Center in Wasco. I invite all Sherman County residents to come and discuss what we need to do to strengthen our state and our nation.
Also, if you are running into red tape accessing veterans’ benefits or dealing with Social Security or Medicare, or having trouble getting what you need from other federal agencies, I will have a constituent services worker on hand who may be able to help.
May’s Book Club book is The Identicals by Elin Eilderbrand.
Nantucket is only two and a half hours away from Martha’s Vineyard by ferry. But the two islands might as well be worlds apart for a set of identical twin sisters who have been at odds for years. When a family crisis forces them to band together — or at least appear to — the twins slowly come to realize that the special bond that they share is more important than the sibling rivalry that’s driven them apart for the better part of their lives. A touching depiction of all the pleasures and annoyances of the sibling relationship, Elin Hilderbrand’s next New York Times bestseller, THE IDENTICALS proves once and for all that just because twins look exactly the same doesn’t mean they’re anything alike. To request a hold, please give us a call, email or stop by. Available in Large Print and Audio by request. The book club will meet Thursday, May 17 at 6pm.
Everyone is welcome to come and join the meeting, come and join in when you can get there.
I am writing this letter in support of Joe Dabulskis, who is running for Sherman County Court Judge. While serving as a County Commissioner, Joe has shown he is a man of character, and a leader. He has the ability to be a listener. He has an open mind and can ask the hard questions.
He has enjoyed the challenge of being a part of a team that continues to move Sherman County forward.
While serving in the Army National Guard, Joe became a Company Commander. In the military it is important to be trustworthy. You have to be someone who can be counted on to do the right thing, at the right place and at the right time. Serving in the military prepared Joe for Service. His service today includes his family, the land and serving the people of Sherman County.
As a County Commissioner, Joe has worked at being a person who listens. He has a desire to be a part of solving problems and has a passion for Sherman County. He has the energy and enthusiasm to work hard and to serve.
I am confident that Joe Dabulskis is committed to continuing to serve the county. He wants Sherman County’s success and with the many experiences he has had, he is ready to lead!
6. Letter to the Editor: Why does Frontier TeleNet use contractors instead of employees?
There has been some question as to why Frontier TeleNet uses contractors and not employees. The answer is simple. It’s significantly less expensive to use contractors.
With an employee; all taxes, benefits and other expenses are the responsibility of the employer. That makes the cost of employing someone significantly more than just the salary. If contractors are used, they are responsible for all taxes and their own benefits as well as all other expenses.
As a contractor for Frontier TeleNet I can tell you that roughly half of what I receive is used to pay State and Federal taxes. Then all transportation, business supplies, insurance, computer, phone, Internet, healthcare, travel, lodging and any other expense are my responsibility.
For example: I was invited to a summit in Washington DC to discuss rural Internet. It was a great opportunity to highlight our system and our region. The flights, hotel, meals and other costs were just under $1000.00. That was paid out of my pocket. I did it because that was the right thing to do and it is my job to represent Frontier TeleNet to the best of my ability.
I hope this provides some perspective as to the purpose of contractors as a way to control costs. This allows Frontier TeleNet to use more of its resources for the system instead of personnel.
Dryer LintEater | Gardus, Inc.
The “Pans on Fire” outdoor cooking 4-H club met on Thursday April 18 at 3:45pm at Sherman Extension office. Attending were Caiden, Josh, Cohen, Savanna, Coral, Allison and Annaliese. Excused were Michael, Antone, Ben, Calvin. Pledge of Allegiance by Caiden, 4-H Pledge by Savanna. What we did: had a talk about why kids like outdoor cooking. We cooked with radiant heat last time with skewers and this time conduction heat with pans over coals. We are cooking bacon, eggs and pancakes. Our next meeting will be April 25. Meeting adjourned at 5pm. Submitted by Coral Mansfield, News Reporter.
The “Pans on Fire” outdoor cooking 4-H club met on Thursday, April 25 at 3:35pm at the Extension Office. Attending were Savanna, Annaliese, Allison, Josh, Cohen and Emma. Excused were Caiden and Coral. Pledge of Allegiance led by Josh, 4-H Pledge by Allison. What we did during the meeting: lit the charcoal fire, “acted out” radiant and conduction types of cooking, record books, cooked sausage and French toast. Meeting adjourned at 5pm. Submitted by Savanna Blagg, News Reporter.
Moro, OR – “From This Day Forward”: A Wedding Exhibit is the new exhibit at the Sherman County Historical Museum. The volunteers are so excited about our new exhibit that we will be having a Preview Event on Sunday, April 29th from 1 p.m. to 4 p.m. at the Museum in Moro, Oregon, a “reception” with wedding cake and refreshments! Volunteers also invite the community to share their wedding photo to be displayed alongside wedding photos from our archives. Be part of history and be part of our photo display! Another reason to visit the museum is to see the creative work of the Sherman Elementary Students who are the local featured artists for the month of May.
May 1st is the official opening day of the museum and will be open every day from 10am to 5pm May 1st to October 31st.
Working with its five Statewide Partners, the Cultural Trust is offering first-time Organizational and Professional Development Grants this spring. Grants of up to $2,000 will be awarded on a first-come, first-served basis through June 30 until a $40,000 budget is met.
Open to all qualified cultural nonprofits and coalitions with budgets under $1 million, the grants are designed to support consulting or facilitation services and staff professional development opportunities.
The new grant program is in direct response to feedback from small cultural nonprofits and coalitions during statewide tours.
The guidelines and application are posted here: http://culturaltrust.org/wp-content/uploads/Oregon-Cultural-Trust-Technical-Assistance-Grant-Application_Final.pdf.
The final stage of development is Integrity. You know who you are, and do not require that everyone else be like you. The world doesn’t have to be the same color, religion, think the same way. Integrity knows that all humans are worthy, and deep inside we genuinely feel this to be true. We know that the true strength in the world is its diversity, that the differences make this a beautiful place to live.
When we have integrity, we know the personal values and the principles by which we guide our life. We live by this personal code of justice, honesty and knowing what is right. Sometimes, we are even willing to die for our values. A strong sense of integrity is when someone says, “I’m not going to steal, not because I’m afraid I’ll get caught, but because it’s just wrong.” No one needs to keep an eye on us, because we simply won’t cross the line from right to wrong.
We want to develop this sense of strength in living by our beliefs and our values. This is the ultimate in maturity. If we don’t achieve this step, along with the other seven, then this is why law enforcement is needed. Those folks who don’t live by an honest code wind up in prison for infringing upon the laws and rights of others. Police and corrections officers become the replacements for ineffective or misguided parents.
When we have integrity, we see order to the universe as opposed to disorder. Those without integrity tend to think that everything is bad and falling apart. If we were brought up in an atmosphere of chaos, trust never happened and identity was never solidified. Without trust, we never learned intimacy and sharing anything was “off the table.” Immaturity is now the norm.
At the very foundation of these eight stages is trust, and trust is simply the reliance on another person’s integrity. We rely on other people living up to their word. We can’t have trust if we live in a world where people won’t live by what they say, where justice is ignored, where laws are seen as things to be broken at will.
The good news is that at each level, if we missed it on our way to adulthood, we can go back and catch up what we missed. We are not stuck in immaturity. We do have the choice to take accountability and fix what is broken. Yes, it will take time. And yes, it will take commitment and work. But that’s what maturity is all about.
I reach out to all of you and ask that you join me in acknowledging Mike Smith as a valued member of our community. Mike, through his years of service to our communities has shown that he is an extremely knowledgable, dedicated and understanding man. Mike is also a candidate for Sherman County Judge.
In the last four years since I moved home to Sherman County, I have had the opportunity to watch Mike work. From the first time I encountered Mike I was impressed with how friendly, approachable and forthright he was. I have observed Mike as a Commissioner, as an Employee of Frontier Telnet, and as a citizen of Sherman County. Mike has been positive, professional, and honorable in each setting.
Mike is a man who remains positive and solution based even when faced with continual adversity. How many of us possess the ability to move forward, focused on problem solving and undeterred in doing the right thing even when it is made very difficult? I know that I can count on Mike to be there, doing the right thing for the county and all of it’s citizens through all of it.
Mike was not born here, but he has chosen to make this his home. In doing so he has made our County and our community a much better, and a much better represented place. Mike is exceedingly honest and transparent. I have never once deviated from the belief that Mike, through his actions and presence is 100 percent committed to bettering our County as well as the regional community.
Mike is the person I can count on to hit the ground running with purpose and direction folks. Mike is ready and anxious to do the job now, not after he figures it out. I would trust him with any aspect of my life and my community. Mike is my friend and I endorse him for County Judge. Please make sure and vote, your vote does matter.
The campaign for the Judge continues to build my deep respect and commitment to the County we all love. I greatly appreciate your enthusiasm and support.
At the debate last week I did my best to answer clearly and honestly. Every question cannot be asked at a single event. I continue to talk to voters at their doors or wherever I meet them. Some questions have come up and I would like to answer them directly.
First, “if you are elected Judge, will you still work for Frontier TeleNet?” The answer is “No”. Being Judge is more than a full time job and that is the only thing the Judge should do to serve properly.
Second, some people thought that I “owned the Internet” in Sherman County. To be clear, I am a contractor for Frontier TeleNet. It is owned by Sherman, Gilliam and Wheeler County. It is owned by you, so I work for you. One of the missions of Frontier TeleNet is be a “middle-mile Internet provider” so Internet companies can serve our households. I wrote about these projects in my brochure: the fiber optic project from Wasco to Grass Valley and now the State grant for fiber from Wasco to Rufus. Also, the County owned wireless system that we received a National Technology Award for.
Recently, the State Police paid to connect to this system, our 911 began serving the Burns Paiute Tribe and four other counties are also considering to connect. Now, a company I’ve been working with for the last year wants to serve fiber to the home in our cities as well as work to increase wireless speeds outside the cities. There are any more exciting projects to come.
Again, I want to thank everyone I have spoken with for their support and I ask for your vote. I hope to speak with more of you before the election. Please feel free to call me at 541-306-1202 or email [email protected] with questions, comments and suggestions.
Opinion. Who knows rural needs better than rural people?
Prager U.: What’s a Greater Leap of Faith: God or the Multiverse?
JOYFULLY! Kristi and Todd Dickson, of Madras, are pleased to announce the birth of their son, Alden Ray Dickson, at 9:42 am on April 3, at St. Charles Bend. At birth, Alden weighed 5 pounds 15 ounces. He joins brother, Owen, 5 and sister, Eileen, 3. The grandparents are Rick and Kathleen Danielson, of Grass Valley, and Dave and Melinda Dickson, of Antelope.
TRACK & FIELD EVENTS. Dear Parents, Guardians, and Community Members, Track and Field season is upon us once again. Sherman County High School Track and Field team will be hosting the annual Sherman County Invitational home meet on April 28, 2018 in Moro. Field events will start at 11:00 AM and Track events will begin at 1:00 PM. We are looking for parents, guardians, and community members to help us out once again by volunteering to run events throughout the day. Volunteer duties range from running the clipboard at a field event to measuring competitor’s jumps/throws.
It truly takes a whole community to run a track meet and we are grateful to have such a supporting community. The support from parents and community members in running this meet has been great over the years and we hope to continue the tradition this year. It takes a minimum of 30 volunteers to run our meet smoothly & efficiently. If you are willing to volunteer your time and assist with the meet, please contact the school. The more volunteers we have, the easier/quicker events will go, and we can rotate volunteers out so they can go watch their athletes compete.
Volunteers are needed for these events: Javelin (2-3), Shot Put (2-3), Discus (2-3), Boys Long & Triple Jump (2-3), Girls Long & Triple Jump (2-3), and Pole Vault (3).
ASSISTANT MAINTENANCE TECH. (Full-time Position) JOB DESCRIPTION GENERAL DUTIES: Under general supervision, the Assistant Maintenance Technician (AMT) shall perform unskilled and semi-skilled work in the following areas: construction and repair of sewer and water pipelines; operation of trucks and other power-driven equipment and tools; general maintenance of streets, parks and grounds; and other related work as required.
(The examples listed above may not include all of the tasks which the AMT may be expected to perform).
and hookups throughout the City.
Applications available at Wasco City Hall open Monday-Thursday 8:30-5. Job opening will close May 3rd, 2018.
PETROLEUM DELIVERY DRIVER, HARVEST HELP. Mid Columbia Producers is now hiring for multiple positions.
EQUINE TRAIL & SORTING CLINICS. Equine Mania LLC Announces Summer Clinics. Don’t miss out of the fun! Great people, fabulous instructors & a dang good time!
–Advanced Sorting Clinic with Kristi Siebert August 11-12 $300.
15 Ballots due by 8pm. One stamp. Postmarks do not count.
Letter to the Editor: Why?
Ballots for the 2018 Primary Election are now in the mail, and here are answers to 10 of the most frequently asked questions from Oregonians about the election.
If you believe you are registered to vote but have not received your ballot by May 4, call your local elections office.
You can track your ballot at oregonvotes.gov/myvote.
Ballots are due on May 15 by 8pm. Postmarks do not count (and you only need to use one stamp).
Ballots can be returned by mail, at a drop box, or to your county election office. Find drop box locations at oregonvotes.gov/dropbox.
Every registered voter will receive a ballot for the May 15 election. Voters not affiliated with a political party, and those affiliated with a minor party (Constitution, Green, Libertarian, Progressive, Working Families) will be able to vote on non-partisan contests like judges, state Bureau of Labor & Industries Commissioner, and local offices. Voters affiliated with the Democratic, Independent, or Republican parties will be able to vote on the above non-partisan contests as well as select the party nominee for partisan offices like US Congress, Governor, and state legislature.
If you registered to vote or changed your registration after April 1, you will likely receive two different ballot mailings. That is okay! It takes days to print and prepare over 2.6 million ballots, and your change may have come in after the process started. Return the second ballot which will be for your updated registration. Don’t worry, we know who was sent more than one ballot, and we’ll make sure only one is counted. If you return them both, we will only count the one for your current registration.
You can now register to vote when you are 16 years of age, but you will not be able to vote until you are 18.
The election process is open to the public. Anyone can come into their county elections office and observe the process of testing the equipment, verifying signatures, opening the ballot envelopes, counting the ballots, and witnessing a recount, if there is one. Contact your county elections officefor details.
A security feature of vote by mail is that we compare the signature on every ballot envelope to the signature in the voter registration file. If signatures match, the ballot is counted. If the signatures doesn’t match, the ballot will not be counted and the voter will be notified.
Specific instructions will be provided for nonmatching signatures. The instructions must be followed to have your ballot counted.
The public discussion at the Wasco Annex the other night was a fun exercise in public participation. If I had been better prepared, or asked different questions, there are other statements I would have liked to make.
When discussing qualifications for a public office I think we need to start with the basics. The personal qualities of integrity, honesty, morality, loyalty, empathy are a good place to start. In regards to these qualities I think the citizens of Sherman Co. have some good choices. A good work ethic and the ability to place others needs in front of your own are also important. A perspective shaped by a broad spectrum of experiences allows the ability to see issues from another person’s point of view. Having the ability to look at both ends of the spectrum on an issue, and coming up with a solution that serves the best interest of the most people is an important qualification. A rudimentary understanding of how government works is also important. Trust, I think, is the key. I believe when it comes right down to it, we vote for that person we can trust to make the best decisions, with the best interest of the people in mind.
Trapping question: We do not trap indiscriminately. Trapping is done for the safety of people, pets, livestock, other species of wildlife. In general, we all believe in wildlife diversity. I personally get a lot of heat from other stock growers because I defend the presence of wolves…. a controlled presence.
Juvenile judge question: In high school I went to a street dance that turned into a street fight, was arrested, had to see the Judge. My Father accompanied me and explained that it was his fault, because he had set a bad example. Many kids today don’t have an advocate as I did. They need advocates, mentors, and all the professional help we can give them.
I’m asking the voters of Sherman County to put their trust in me. Give me the chance to lead this county into a promising future that will benefit everyone.
3. Letter to the Editor: Why?
Regarding the recent candidate’s debate, I am very surprised that Mike Smith, candidate for county judge, did not mention his current $80,000/year contract as marketing director for Frontier TeleNet, our tri-county telecommunications agency. Eighteen months into the job, not a word about his achievements. Why?
Frontier TeleNet is not mentioned in his campaign flyer either. Why? This important fact is left out in order to mislead us. Why? What has he accomplished for Frontier TeleNet in those 18 months?
Dabulskis is currently a Sherman County Commissioner, a position he has learned to love. As part of his work in that position, he represents the county on 20-plus committees and boards and has enjoyed meeting and working with people, creating ideas and solving problems.
Joe and his wife Jeanne moved to Sherman County over 20 years ago to raise their children while farming on her family’s ranch, during which time Joe attended paramedic school in Beaverton. There he was asked to become a part-time instructor because of his ability to break things down and explain them.
Prior to moving to our county Joe worked in logging and farming, worked for Pendleton Flour Mills and sold real estate. He taught taxidermy at Blue Mountain Community College and was asked to travel to local high schools to teach as well.
He served in the Army National Guard, starting as a private, taking orders and doing what he was told, and ending as a Captain, leading soldiers. He served in Hood River as a private, a lieutenant-platoon leader, in Pendleton as an executive officer and in Baker City as the Company Commander, moving the company from a weak unit to the 2nd strongest in the state.
Sarah opened the Board Meeting at 6:05 p.m.
Glen Kearns, Accuity presented the 2016-17 audit to the board. Glen highlighted points of the audit and stated that the ESD is doing well.
The minutes & fiscal receipts from the March 1, 2018 regular board meeting were distributed for review via email April 3, 2018.
Motion—Greg, seconded Jim, to approve the minutes and fiscal receipts.
Penny explained that Mitchell School District’s Superintendent and Admin. Asst. have resigned as of June 30, 2018 and they are in the process of hiring a new superintendent. The business office will be assisting with additional fiscal services (Student Body, Accounts Payable, Accounts Receivable, Board Secretary) through the remainder of the school year.
Kalie Rolfe, Stacy Shown, and Rinda Montgomery have been working hard to assist with Sherman School District SPED teacher to complete many IEPs and other tasks that are needed.
Measure 98 applications for 2018-19 have been completed. Penny put together a conference with ODE to assist the superintendents to complete the applications.
Penny is setting up three interviews to hire an OPK Program Coordinator in the next week.
Penny updated the board on Mitchell School District potential two new schools. The two new schools may increase work load and potential income.
Geremy Shull has moved to Wasco and is not in Zone 4 to be a board member of North Central ESD. We will need to advertise in Moro, Grass Valley and Kent for potential new board members. Geremy will send a resignation letter.
The board would like to table the superintendent evaluation until the May 3rd board meeting. They would like to have an executive session at 5:00 until 5:15 to go over Penny’s evaluation with her.
The board will have a meeting on June 7, 2018 to dissolve the account.
Are you starting to recognize these stages, or steps, in the people you work with, live with, lead on a daily basis? And in this recognition, are you discovering ways of helping these folks to back and pick up the pieces they missed? Today, we are going to discuss Psychological Intimacy and Generativity.
Psychological Intimacy is being able to share how we feel with others. We do this in order to develop deep relationships with others – friends, spouses. We share our innermost thoughts and feelings. If we didn’t successfully navigate Identity, we are always worried about what people will say or think about us. If this is the case, we don’t share who we are, and we only say what we think they want us to say. True intimacy is next to impossible.
Remember back at the beginning of this series, when we talked about trust, if we didn’t acquire that sense of trust, that it showed up later in life. Without that sense of trust, establishing deep relationships becomes difficult. And if we do not establish intimacy, then we develop isolation instead. We back off and hold ourselves apart from the rest of the world, thinking we don’t need anyone else. It is easy to slip into loneliness and depression.
When we hold ourselves apart, isolated, then Generativity does not happen. Generativity is our willingness to give everything we have, if we need to. We give our advice, our knowledge, our wisdom – and we don’t want anything in return. We give our love without reservation or expectation of return. Generativity is the key to being truly happy inside.
If we don’t master this stage of generativity, we feel stagnant. We feel dull, without purpose. Days pass without real value, so we fill them with things. We could have all the money in the world, but we are empty, poor inside. The true richness of life comes from giving.
Come hunt for bargains galore at the annual Moro City Wide Yard Sale. Saturday May 05th and Sunday May 06th, 2018, when the entire town cleans out attics and basements and puts their best stuff up for sale!
The Sherman County Soil and Water Conservation District will be holding a special meeting on Thursday April 26th, at 9:00 am, at the USDA Service Center Office, at 302 Scott Street in Moro, Oregon 97039. The board will discuss employee evaluations.
Executive Session may be called in accordance with ORS 192.690(i) and 192.660(8) to review and evaluate the performance of an employee(s).
Hood River, OR – Columbia Gorge CASA (Court Appointed Special Advocates) is pleased to introduce their newest child advocates: Martine Geeraert, Hood River; Patty Hyde, The Dalles; Katie Layne, White Salmon; Sheri Sharp, Grass Valley; and Corrie Smith, Hood River. The group was sworn into duty by the Honorable Janet L. Stauffer in The Dalles on April 18, 2018, after completing 32 hours of training. Prior to leading the CASA oath Judge Stauffer, a former CASA volunteer prior to election to the bench, described a few of her life experiences and shared some of the aspects CASAs have brought to her courtroom in support of children.
CASA volunteers are appointed by judges to watch over and advocate for children in the foster care system; they make sure that children receive needed services, that timelines are met so that children don’t get lost in overburdened legal and social service systems, and that they are placed in permanent, loving homes as soon as possible. CASAs are in a unique position, as a legal party, to advocate for the best interests of children’s lives while in foster care. Judges rely on the comprehensive and informed information provided by CASA volunteers. CASAs have tremendous privilege and responsibility to have a positive impact in a child’s case.
In our series on Erikson’s 8 Stages of Development, today we consider Industry (aka Accomplishment) and Identity.
A sense of accomplishment is an interesting step, and very important to master. If we don’t own that sense of accomplishment, then we develop feelings of inferiority. We are never good enough, no matter what we try. Our self-image takes a hit just as it begins to develop, and our self-esteem is low. Between the ages of about six to 12, we need to feel that we are good at or for something.
Scouting understood this early on, when they instituted badges for learning and mastering skills. The badge became the proof of accomplishment. Teachers do the same thing by helping students master taking care of fish or plants, do science projects that help move children along the path to amassing things they are good at.
If we don’t master this step of accomplishment, when it comes time to go to college or get a job, we don’t feel we have anything to offer. “I’m not good at anything.” We have no confidence in our ability to learn anything new or get a job – any job. This will continue into adulthood, until we decide to change it.
The teen years are marked by the need to have an Identity. Unfortunately, in the world today, we are known more for what we do, rather than who we are. Thus, the need for identity shows itself in getting the world to “look at me!” We need attention. If we can’t get the world to look at us in a positive way, for the contributions we make, then we will go after negative attention. It’s the attention we want.
It is also at this stage that we try on different personalities to see how we “fit in” with the world around us. We are a bit like chameleons, changing “colors” and acting out parts in the play that becomes our life. Eventually, we finish wondering and settle into who we are. If we don’t fully establish our identities at this stage, identity crises are likely to happen later, causing a ripple effect with later stages of maturity. Are we finished growing? No. But we have settled on the fundamentals of our personality.
The Eastern Oregon Coordinated Care Organization (EOCCO), is working with community partners across the Eastern Oregon region, to complete a Community Health Assessment in 2018-2019. As part of the assessment, Greater Oregon Behavioral Health (GOBHI) will be conducting twenty-four focus groups across the 12 counties of the EOCCO. Focus groups will begin in Mid April -May 2018 and should last about 90 minutes. Participants will receive a $25 gift card as a thank you for their time.
We need your help! Recruitment of participants is vital to the success of the focus groups. If you or someone you know is interested in participating in a focus group, you can sign up or suggest someone using the link below. English and Spanish speaking groups will be conducted, please note the primary language listed. You will be contacted by a GOBHI staff member with further details if you are selected to participate.
When you suggest a name we’d like an e-mail and phone number as well as a drop down selection of what sector they might represent. When you suggest a name and hit submit, they will receive the following e-mail message.
Please feel free to share this link with anyone who may be interested! This sign-up will close on May 31st 2018.
Sherman County eNews offers an opportunity for Sherman County’s four candidates for the position of county judge to submit to eNews in 350 words or less their vision and solutions for Frontier TeleNet problems. Deadline: Monday, April 30th at 5 p.m.
Readers will recall Frontier TeleNet meeting minutes and editorial concerns posted here. A three-county partnership, Frontier TeleNet provides telecommunications services. The governing board members are the Sherman, Gilliam and Wheeler county judges.
Responses received by the deadline will be posted together to eNews the first week of May.
The Tiny Teaspoons 4-H Cooking Club met on April 21, 2018 at 3pm at the Cranston House. Attending were Maddie, Savannah, Coral, Zach, Pyeper and Claire. Excused absences were Addison and Tierra. The Pledge of Allegiance was led by Claire and 4-H Pledge led by Savannah. Today we made foods from Italy. We made eggplant parmesan and chicken parmesan. To top it all off we made lemon and blood orange cheesecake. We learned how to chop with knives and we also made our own sauce. We learned the skills of grating cheese and peeling garlic. Finally we had to clean up. Our next meeting will be May 19th from 4-6pm. Meeting was adjourned at 5:30. Signed Pyeper Walker.
The 4-H Leadership Team met on April 22 at 3pm at the Extension Office. Attending were Emma, Melanie, Mercedez, Liberty and Cadence. Excused were Tyler, Patrick, Joey. Pledge of Allegiance by Melanie, 4-H Pledge by Mercedez. We did a question ice breaker game. Went through some leadership modules: making a good impression and defining yourself as a leader. We talked about CIT applications, 4-H camp, and the 4-H Summer Conference. Next meeting in May. Meeting adjourned at 4:35pm. Signed Emma Robbins, News Reporter.
Continuing on with our series, today we are going to cover Stages Two and Three in Erik Erikson’s Stages of Development: Autonomy (aka Independence) and Initiative.
Between the ages of one and three, most children start to want their independence. They like life and want more of it. They are into and trying everything they can get their hands on, and once they discover how their legs work, they are off and running. Now, you may think you have a problem child, but what you really have is a healthy one.
Yes, it’s a bit frustrating to hear “No!” in response to requests to behave, or to have perfectly decent food spit back out at you when you are trying to get them to eat. What children want at this stage is to make choices on their own. Now, do they understand the world of choices? No. What you want to do is provide them with a couple (or three) choices and let them choose. You get what you want, helping them along the maturity path, and they get to feel independent.
It’s the child that sits still and is afraid to try who gets stuck on this second rung. You want them to work toward independence, otherwise you have adults who cannot make decisions on their own. They are constantly asking others to choose for them, sometimes from fear of making a mistake. Remember, as an adult, these folks have the opportunity to go back and fix the past.
From the ages of about four to six, a child’s imagination starts to come into play. They are testing out a wider world, using their initiative. You want to encourage this, even if they imagine things they are afraid of. This is the time to work through those irrational fears of the dark, or something hiding under the bed. Children may create imaginary friends to help them cope, and that’s OK at age 6. If they are still doing it at age 26, then there’s a problem.
If you are running into people who don’t seem very creative or imaginative, they may have had “chains” put on their imaginations by parents who didn’t appreciate purple-colored trees or spotted “blog monsters” in the coloring book. If they were scolded, they interpreted their wild imaginations as bad things and now refuse to let their creativity express itself.
(Salem) – Oregonians with Medicare coverage will be issued a new card from the federal government by the end of June. Each person’s new card will have a unique Medicare number, instead of a Social Security number, to prevent fraud and identity theft. Medicare coverage and benefits will stay the same.
The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services will automatically mail the new cards, at no cost, to each beneficiary’s address on file with Social Security.
• Make sure Social Security has your current address. You can update your address online by signing in to or creating a “my Social Security” account at ssa.gov.
• Don’t worry if you get your new card before or after friends or family members here in Oregon or in other states. The cards are being sent on a variety of dates to prevent mail theft.
• When your new Medicare card arrives, destroy the old one. Do it in a secure manner, such as shredding it.
• Doctors, other health care providers, and plans approved by Medicare know that Medicare is replacing the old cards. They should be ready to accept your new card when you need care.
• Even people with a Medicare plan through a private insurance company, also known as a Medicare Advantage plan, will get a new Medicare card from the federal government. Keep it in a safe place, but continue to use the member card your insurance company sent you.
• Beware of people contacting you about your new Medicare card and asking you for your Medicare number, personal information, or to pay a fee for your new card. Protect your Medicare number like you treat your Social Security or credit card numbers. Remember, Medicare will never contact you uninvited to ask for your personal information.
More information is available at go.medicare.gov/newcard. Oregonians also can contact the state’s Senior Health Insurance Benefits Assistance (SHIBA) program with questions. SHIBA’s phone number is 1-800-722-4134 (toll-free), and the line is open 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. Monday through Friday.
The regular meeting of the Frontier TeleNet Board of Directors called to order by Chairman Judge Steve Shaffer at 10:10 AM. This meeting held in the conference room of the OSU Extension Office, 66365 Lonerock Road, Moro, Oregon.
Also Present: Ruben Cleaveland, Frontier TeleNet Attorney, Dale Scobert, City of Condon, Joe Dabulskis, Sherman County Commissioner, Brad Lohrey, Sherman County Sheriff, Tom McCoy, Sherman County Commissioner, Rob Myers, Mike Smith and Jeanne Burch, Frontier TeleNet Staff.
Minutes: Minutes of February 16, 2018 Board of Directors Meeting Reviewed. Moved by Lynn Morley, seconded by Gary Thompson to approve minutes with the correction of Joe Dabulskis name. Motion carried with all present voting aye.
Minutes of February 16, 2018 Planning Meeting reviewed. Moved by Lynn Morley, seconded by Gary Thompson to approve minutes as presented. Motion carried with all present voting aye.
Financials: Financial Report for February 2018 reviewed. Moved by Lynn Morley, seconded by Gary Thompson to approve financial recap as presented. Motion carried with all present voting aye.
IT and System Updates and Progress Report: Mike Smith, made the following report regarding IT and Systems Items: Day Wireless System provided this report.
Sherman County Courthouse: Working on the wiring for Sherman County Courthouse.
Old Sherman County Drangonwave Link Failure. This line was a backup and has been decommissioned.
Testing Microwave in Wheeler County for Spray.
Kent Generator: Installed and testing generator.
New Frontier TeleNet Office: This office has no internet. Mike will talk to Sherman County about installation.
The original Day Wireless Report is attached to the printed copy in the Frontier TeleNet Minutes Notebook.
Introduced Ruben Cleaveland with Annala, Carey, Thompson, Vankoten & Cleaveland who will be the attorney taking over for Will Carey on Frontier TeleNet legal affairs. Steve Shaffer asked Mike Smith to work on a new contract with Annala, Carey, Thompson, Vankoten & Cleaveland with the passing of Attorney Will Carey.
Grant County PSAP: An offer has been received to provide Grant County with 911 Dispatch A 911 Board Working Group has been organized and Lynn Morley serves on this board. A report will be presented at the April 2018 Frontier TeleNet Board of Directors Meeting on the progress of this project.
Frontier TeleNet and 911 Center: An extensive conversation was held regarding what does Frontier TeleNet get from the 911 Center. Mike Smith replied that each county receives public emergency services for police, ambulance and other services as needed. The need for a reasonable payment from Frontier Regional 911 to Frontier TeleNet was discussed and this will be presented at the Frontier Regional 911 Budget Meeting.
An IT Work Group is being formed for the services to Mid-Columbia Economic District. Frontier TeleNet is available for this project.
Working with Wasco County on an agreement for the Suefort Hill Location. This is an excellent location for Frontier TeleNet to work toward the west. This location served NORCOR in the past.
Worked on assessment of Eakin Elevator south of Grass Valley to see if it can serve as a Frontier TeleNet Site.
A Teleco has made a proposal to serve Wheeler County but wants to trade for services. No discussion by the Board on this item.
Working with Attorney Jim Deason on the Sherman County Project with the State of Oregon. The State of Oregon wants Sherman County to own the project.
Met with Wheatland Insurance Agent to be sure Frontier TeleNet equipment is adequately covered.
Working with Umatilla Morrow Radio District and Motorola.
Worked on National Interoperability Channel Survey for the State of Oregon.
Attended Sherman County Radio Users Group in Sherman County and Gilliam County. Need better radio coverage to the hospital in The Dalles for Gilliam County. Gilliam County is interested in a 700-pager demonstration that will happen next month.
Grant to Microsoft for non-line of site equipment has made it to the next round. This will benefit hard to reach areas. Also a grant has been written for Sherman County use.
Frontier TeleNet office is furnished and up and running.
Zayo Network has been disconnected from the system as it is not needed.
The written report from Mike Smith is attached to these minutes in Frontier TeleNet Minute Notebook.
Gary Thompson stated that since a new water system is going in at Biggs, this would be a good time to install fiber in the open trench. The answer was yes, and Mike Smith will follow up on this project.
Eakin Elevator: There is a possibility of a truck stop going in at this site and high-speed internet will be needed. Mike Smith replied that Kent has high-speed internet that can reach this site. Also, a grant has been written to connect Qlife to Maupin.
Mike also reported that Temp-Rite has renewed their maintenance agreement.
Dale Scobert inquired about the Cottonwood Canyon Park and progress being made. Mike Smith replied that equipment is here and ready to be installed. Hope to have everything operating by summer.
Joe Dabulskis reported that the Moro Library and the SWCD are interested in internet service. Mike Smith will follow up on these items.
Next Meeting: April 20, 2018 at the Gilliam County Courthouse in Condon, Oregon.
There being no further business the meeting adjourned at 10:40 AM.
Sherman County eNews offers an opportunity for Sherman County’s four candidates for the position of county judge to submit to eNews in 350 words or less their vision and solutions for Frontier TeleNet problems. Deadline: Monday, April 5th at 5 p.m.
Readers will recall Frontier TeleNet meeting minutes and editorial concerns previously posted here. A three-county partnership, Frontier TeleNet provides telecommunications services. The governing board members are the Sherman, Gilliam and Wheeler county judges.
Fred Justesen announced his candidacy for Sherman County Judge. He is 68, married, with 4 children, 3 grandchildren, and has lived in Sherman County for 54 years.
Education: Graduated SHS – 68, Bachelor of Science degree from OSU. – 72; Previously held Oregon real estate license.
Occupation: Agriculturalist – Wheat, organic barley, cattle, horses, irrigated pasture, hay, industrial hemp, timber.
Outdoor recreation co-ordinator – involved in big game hunting, fishing, water fowl, upland game birds, farm tours, cattle drives, trail rides.
Event co-ordinator – involved in art and music festivals hosted on Justesen property in Sherman and Wasco Co.
Vacation rental co-ordinator – Airbnb, etc.
Conservationist – Participates in a multitude of conservation practices mitigating concerns with soil, water, air, fish and wildlife, fossil fuel.
Public positions: Sherman County Fair board member for nearly 2 decades; S. Wasco County economic development advisory board – 3 years.
Places resided: Wamic and Tygh Valley, Oregon; Cache Creek and Merritt, B.C.; Richland, Washington; and Kent and Grass Valley, Oregon.
District marble Champion – Merritt, B.C.
All-star hockey team 8th grade -Merritt, B.C.
Instrumental in starting kids wrestling program in Sherman Co.
Volunteer wrestling coach 10 years.
Other paid occupations: Cowboy – Nicola Lake Cattle Co. – B.C.; Dish washer – Jack’s Fine Foods – Biggs Junction; Breakfast cook and Janitor – OSU.
Gorge Grown’s Mobile Farmers Market will be in Sherman County every 1st Saturday starting May 5th with a van full of fresh 100% locally grown fruit and veggies.
For more information or if you have any questions, please contact Silvan Shawe at [email protected] or 808-419-1016.
Tuesday, April 24, 2018 – MS Track at Trout Lake starting at 4:00, departure time has changed to 1:00 with class dismissal at 12:50.
The Biggs Service District will hold a hearing during County Court on May 2nd at 9am at Sherman County Courthouse at 500 Court Street in Moro, Oregon 97039 to provide information to the public regarding the Service District’s application to USDA Rural Development’s Water and Waste Water Disposal Loan and Grant Program to develop a community water system in Biggs Junction. The application for water system development will be in the amount of $1,672,900 with a total project cost of $2,184,900. Contact Aaron Cook at Biggs Service District (541-739-2321) with any questions.
At one time or another, we’ve probably heard, “You’re acting immature,” or even worse, “Grow up!” from those who know us well. However, how many of us truly understand what it is to be “grown up” or “mature”?
During the mid-20th Century, a gentleman by the name of Erik Erikson came out with his Theory of Psychosocial Development. In it he categorized eight steps that need to be taken, in order to become a fully functional adult. This week, we are going to look at those eight steps, or stages, of human development. For anyone in a leadership position of any nature, understanding these stages is vital to your success in working with and leading others.
As we go through these stages, throughout this coming week, it might help to think of them as widely-placed steps on a ladder. We must be able to handle the first one, before we go on to the next, and we cannot skip steps. If we don’t handle each step well, then personality disorders develop. We act immature for that stage. Now, it does not mean we are stuck at that level forever. We can go back and re-do, or bolster, those characteristics inside ourselves. Those characteristics are prime targets for affirmations to help us grow into each next step.
So, let’s begin. The first stage is Trust. Trust develops in our first year of life. For those who have raised, or are raising children now, you know how important it is for you to teach your child that the world is a good place. You are loved and cared for, consistently. When you are hungry, they feed you and will feed you every time you are hungry. You trust in the human-to-human contact of being held and your needs being met.
If attention is not paid, the child quickly learns to mistrust the world. They withdraw. In infants, this can result in skin rashes or respiratory problems, and also results in stunting of physical growth. At the far end of the spectrum, death can occur. Infants need tender, loving care, and that very human touch.
For someone who did not receive this tender, loving care, as they grow into adulthood, they come off as cold and aloof. They may seem shallow or egotistical. They build walls around themselves and have difficulty creating and sustaining loving relationships with other adults. These folks have real challenges working with others. | 2019-04-22T08:15:50Z | https://shermancountynews.com/2018/04/ |
Franchises can help you succeed in business with their proven business models, training, promotions, as well as support.
1. You must do your research on Franchises with an excellent track record of successses.
2. Make sure you have personally visited at a few Franchisees youself and experienced their offerings.
3. Research sufficiently to ascertain that Products and Services have high likelyhood of success in your town / area.
4. Meet company officials and get full details on training, tools and support provided by them.
5. Lastly, have a full understanding of costs and margins that you will have to share with the Principals.
Note: Please contact the companies directly for further details. We have provided Links for your convenience.
Quest Tutorials Started in 2002 by two IITians, Quest is the fastest growing coaching brand in India.Quest initiated “Power Coaching for IITJEE”, a unique system of IITJEE preparation that maximises student performance by synchronizing studies with Class 11/12.Quest has established its dominance in IITJEE coaching with specially designed programs for the “New IITJEE pattern”.Huge opportunity in the IIT JEE/AIEEE /Engineering coaching .Over 15 lakh students every year take IIT JEE, AIEEE and SLEET. Total market size is over Rs. 10,000 Crores.Many small fragmented teachers/tutors running institutes with unstructured course material and delivery standards.The changing pattern of IIT JEE /AIEEE has created the need for an upgraded coaching facility in ever city & town in India. They need Dynamic & ambitious individual. Prior business experience is of definite advantage. Post graduate, MBA preferred. They provide: marketing collateral,course material,product training,academic training,operational training and online support. Quest has developed a system that uses the best practices in Marketing, Sales, Academics and Operations. All this has been standardised so that it can be deployed at each of our centres with ease.As a franchise partner, one will have a technical tie-up with Pragmatum and gets the use of brand name Quest, the Quest training courses and the relevant technology.
Marrybrown Marry Brown – the restaurant chain that’s come to be synonymous with lip-smacking food and all round family entertainment. Based in Malaysia, we now have 350 outlets throughout South Asia and well on our way to becoming a world brand. We are also the fastest growing fast-food chain with outlets in various countries including Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, India, Dubai, China and Sri Lanka among others.
Bikanervala Bikanervala is one of India's most prominent families in the business of traditional hospitality products like Sweets and Namkeens. Bikanervala Foods Pvt. Ltd. is an ISO 9001:2000, HACCP and SQF 2000 certified company with a chain of 88 outlets in India and abroad, serving vegetarian North Indian, South Indian, Continental, Chinese cuisine and Fast food along with a vast variety of traditional Indian sweets and snacks.
Fastclean FASTCLEAN under the banner of Water Care Services was founded by Manoj Agarwal, who has done his post graduate diploma in Marketing after he successfully launched professio nal tank cleaning services company in Raipur, Chhattisgarh. He achieved the feat way back in 2006 through his unique marketing approach and unmatched commitment to the service industry.During his course of finding a solution to the urgent and basic need to have Water Storage Tanks (WST) that should be regularly cleaned and disinfected through a widely used six mechanized cleaning steps, he got immediate response from the govt. and private sectors and approval from corporations whose tanks remained unclean in the absence of a mechanical method to clean them. Their achievements : India’s fastest emerging brand in professional tank. Cleaning service industry. Central India’s Largest And Chattisgarh’s No.1 Professional Tank Cleaning Service Provider Recognition and Approval From Govt. bodies & Private Corporate. Multi-step scientific way of Cleaning & Disinfecting Water Storage Tanks. The best part of becoming a franchisee is to have experts working for you while you reap the profit.Through years of practical experience and research, they have been able to develop a profitable and a straightforward business proposal for one at a very low cost through which, one can apply your entrepreneurial spirit most professionally and earn profit followed by wide social recognition for doing something worthy to the society.
Contours Since 1998, Contours Express has been helping women around the world achieve their health and fitness goals, through our unique cardio fit exercise system. Today there are over 750 health and fitness studios across 32 countries and we are rated #2 in women's fitness internationally. We provide a fun, friendly environment where people of all ages can improve the way they look and more importantly the way they feel about themselves.
Da Milano Da Milano is an integrated leather brand that manufactures and retails leather bags and accessories for both men and women since 1989. It is a brand with distinctive Italian sensibility and today it has 17 signature stores across India and still growing.
the yellow chilli The Yellow Chilli is a chain of restaurants across the world, owned by celebrity Indian chef Sanjeev Kapoor, where the taste of Indian cuisine is redefined providing a cherishing dining experience. Currently they are operational with 14 restaurants across India.
Dosa Plaza Dosa Plaza was incorporated in 1998 and since its inception had understood the importance of being a Franchising Company. The first Dosa Plaza outlet was opened in Vashi, Navi Mumbai and today the company has established itself across 12 states in India and is spearing speedily into the international market. Their USP is their 104 exotic varieties of fusion dosas with 27 being trademark dosas.
SMC Global Securities Ltd SMC Global Securities Ltd., founded in 1990, is India’s leading share and stock broker. It deals with a wide range of financial services and investment solutions. Today it is the 4th largest broking house in India with 2000 franchises. SMC GLOBAL SECURITIES LTD offers a diverse range share and stock broker services which includes institutional and retail brokerage of equity, currency, commodities, derivatives, online trading, depository services, fixed Deposits, IPOs and mutual funds distribution, dedicated desk for NRI and institutional clients, insurance broking, clearing services, margin funding, investment banking, portfolio management, wealth advisory & research.
Jumboking Foods Pvt Ltd Jumbo King began its journey to brand the Vada Pav in 2001. Inspired by western models and applying it to Indian food, Jumbo King believes that the common man has the constitutional right to get hygienic food at an affordable price. Jumbo King has a team of people spanning the functional areas of operations, business development, franchisee relations and marketing.
Maya Academy Of Advanced Cinematics MAAC is the high-end 3D Animation & VFX education brand of Aptech. Through its wide network of centres, MAAC has prepared thousands of students for careers in Animation, VFX, Filmmaking, Gaming, Web and Graphics Design. The Academy provides quality education through career-oriented courses, leading to top-notch job placements. MAAC partners with franchisees around the world & helps them set up their education business.
Cartridge World Cartridge World was founded in South Australia in 1997. In addition to providing refilling services which is the core business, Cartridge World’s more than 2000 locations worldwide deal in original manufacturer cartridges for inkjet printers, laser printers, fax machines and photocopiers as well as additional supplies for fax machines and copiers. Cartridge World was named the No.1 Toner Replacement Service franchise and was included as one of the Fastest Growing Franchises in 2004 & 2006 according to Entrepreneur Magazine. AFL Pvt. Ltd. the leading logistics, cargo and courier company is the Master Franchisee for Cartridge World in India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, Bhutan and Maldives. Cartridge World operates in the fast-paced information technology environment. Advancements in information technology over the past decade have transformed business to be dependent on computers and printers. Consequently, recharging printer cartridges has become one of the fastest growing industries in the world. In servicing this market, Cartridge World has successfully provided an environmentally sound, economical solution to the growing costs of replacing printer cartridges. A printer cartridge can be refurbished & refilled for approximately half the price of a new one, providing substantial saving with output as good as new. Additionally, refilling the cartridge supports local communities by reducing waste and protecting the environment (a printer cartridge is said to take over 450 years to decompose naturally & more than 3.4 litres of oil is needed to manufacture a laser cartridge, over 900 million cartridges are thrown into landfill every year) as well as creating local employment opportunities as opposed to importing new cartridges.Cartridge World’s franchisee stores across the world have been refilling /recharging their way to a highly profitable business franchising opportunity by offering a ‘no-compromise’ alternative to the high priced original printer cartridges, to consumers.The cartridge World franchise is an all weather business franchising opportunity which helps you earn healthy returns while your customers save money. Cartridge World was recently ranked 27th in the Top 100 Global Franchise Business* ranking out of thousands of franchise businesses across the world that once again underlined its global leadership in a rapidly growing printer cartridge industry. Currently, In India over 100 franchisees have already been appointed and over 90 stores have been launched in Agartala, Agra, Ahmedabad, Ankleshwar, Aurangabad, Bangalore, Belgaum, Bhopal, Bhubaneswar, Chennai, Cochin, Coimbatore, Delhi, Goa, Guna, Gurgaon, Guwahati, Hosur, Hubli, Hyderabad, Indore, Jaipur, Jamshedpur, Kannur, Kohima, Kolkata, Lucknow, Malda, Mumbai, Navi Mumbai, Nagercoil, Nagpur, Pondicherry, Pune, Rajasthan, Ranchi, Salem, Shillong, Thiruvananthapuram, Tiruchirapalli, Tirupur, Tumkur, Vadodara, Varanasi, and Vishakapatnam the initial customer response to this unique concept has indeed been overwhelming. With efficient technical, training and marketing support mechanisms in place, many stores have already achieved operational break- even, within 3 to 4 months of launch. Franchisees have also been appointed in cities like Bareilly, Aurangabad,Trichy and many more.
Ron And Baker Ron And Baker Pvt. Ltd. is an unmatched unique business opportunity for every individual. Ron And Baker opportunity has been created for the uncommon people to work together at a common platform. Established in the year 1990, we are a leading manufacturer, exporter, importer and supplier of world class Medical Products, Medical Equipments, Welding Products and Cosmetic Products. The company is looking for franchisees.
Liberty Shoes Liberty Group started its operations in 1944 and today has an annual turnover of Rs. 400 crore. It has 375 exclusive stores, 150 distributors & a retail base of over 6000 multi-brand outlets and production of over 60,000 pairs a day. The Company is into an agreement for sale/purchase of goods and/or taking on franchise basis the production on franchise basis the production facilities and/or acquire movable and immovable property including plant and machinery, building, etc. with Liberty Group Marketing Division and/or Liberty Enterprises, partnership firms.
Institute of Vedic Mathematics Institute of Vedic Mathematics the self explanatory term which deals with the tricks of mathematics, we say Mathemagic, which are very handy and useful for everybody who has undergone through such of maths. Before stating the modus operandi of this science, it is very necessary for us to know the history behind this topic. Yog is gift of Indian Saints to every element of the GLOBE. But after it’s reach to abroad YOG became YOGA and drastically adopted by the Indians. Same tragedy was happened with Vedic Mathematics. VM is re-discovered by Jagatguru Swami Shri Bharti Krishna Tirthaji Maharaj (1884-1960), who discovered 16 word formulae and 13 sub formulae from Atharvaved and catered to human being to solve any type of basic calculation pertaining to Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication and Division etc.The academic mathematics consists of several steps to find the final answers. In Vedic Mathematics you can direct get answers in single line, also you can write answer from right-to-left or left-to-right way. Off course it requires more practice. They want to reach every corner of area where student doesn’t seek or doesn’t know what is Vedic Mathematic .They are continuously focused on to increase the application of Vedic Mathematics in various studies and examination.
Gloria Jean’s Coffees Gloria Jean's Coffees is dedicated to offering the worlds highest quality speciality coffee from bean to cup. Australian owned and locally operated, the Gloria Jeans Coffees family now stretches far and wide across the globe with over 1,000 coffee houses in 39 countries.
VLCC Institute VLCC Institute of Beauty & Nutrition was established in India in 2001 to share VLCC's dream with today's students and tomorrow's entrepreneurs.Headquartered in Delhi, the Institute is present across 51 campuses in 39 cities including one in Kathmandu (Nepal) and offers specialized professional courses in beauty, hair, cosmetology, make-up, spa therapies and nutrition.Driven by the growing demand for specialised services in the Indian personal care market, VLCC, a category leader in the wellness domain with a strong global vision, started VLCC Institutes in 2001. The VLCC Institutes were established with the objective of rendering skilled professionals to the industry and helping students carve a niche for themselves in this creative world. As part of providing state-of-the –art vocational training, VLCC Institute is the first of its kind in Asia that has introduced e-classes for vocational courses in beauty and nutrition. The digitized training material has been developed to the highest standards with innovative content and new approach. Today, there are 51 institutes in 39 cities offering courses in Beauty & Nutrition. The students at the VLCC institutes receive a holistic perspective of the industry, right from the induction, special lectures and seminars, to mid-term and end of term evaluations. The faculty at the institute is highly qualified. The institutes are spread across all states, giving an opportunity to students living in small towns to acquire the same professional skills as those in the metros. The institute consciously maintains an optimum student-teacher ratio. VLCC’s industry connections and nationally accredited degrees ensure high quality placements for its students. VLCC Institutes are now affiliated to IGNOU to impart vocational training in Nutrition &Beauty Courses. VLCC Institute is also affiliated with Doncaster Collage, UK; Cengage Learning, US and City and Guilds through India Skills. VLCC Institute of Beauty & Nutrition is an ISO 9001: 2008 certified Asia's largest chain of beauty and nutrition vocational training academies offering quality education and always aiming to enhance customer satisfaction through effective application of the system. VLCC has successfully launched over 150 Slimming, Beauty and Fitness centers in India and across the world. For them the horizon expands with each launch. They believe in nurturing talent and sharing the expertise they have gathered over decades with their franchisees. In the initial stages of setting up your franchise business they provide assistance with technical issues, help overcome operational and administrative challenges, along with providing guidance for effective sales and marketing.
Only Parathas Only Parathas was born with the vision of Mr. Anil Singh Arora, also fondly known as “Pappi Singh” with his idea of bringing North-Indian culture to Mumbai made “Only Parathas” the first choice of restaurant goers, We introduced this concept on 18th May 2001, at a small 40 sitter restaurant in Lokhandwala, one of the prime location in Mumbai. With a grand opening and huge flow of customers within a period of nine months Only Parathas expanded itself with a new restaurant in the heart of Mumbai suburb at “Khar – Linking Road” with a sitting capacity of 170 pax along with a banqueting facility for around 100 pax. They pioneered the art of making stuffed parathas and specially crafted their menu with years of experience to give their customers a wide range of stuffed parathas varieties in a restaurant format which one can never dream off. Their approach to vegetarian menu is to fuel a passion for vegetables, cereal and grains. Complex textures, artistic shapes, vibrant colours and full flavours are tenderly explored to transform vegetables, dairy products, cereals, beans and lentils into unforgettable main-course. They created a revolution in the industry with our unique recipes and our passion towards creating great combinations of parathas, they claim to have become no.1 choice in the parathas making business and great competition for other pure-vegetarian restaurants. The menu comprises of Delhi-Style Chats, Chole Bhature and specially shortlisted 450 varieties of parathas, whereas they can make more than 1000 varieties of stuffed parathas. With the desire to delight guests, they have added menu with South-Indian, Chinese and Italian cuisine making it a complete dining experience for guests. Though, they have expanded their business with multi-cuisines menu with the thought of not just keeping it limited with the choices of parathas, they have still been able to justify o brand name “Only Parathas” by making 70% of the contribution to the business from Parathas sales.With such demand, deep respect and love from our valuable guests, they have planned to expand Pan-India with more 25 to 30 outlets within a period of 2 years.
Marshalls Marshalls was started in 1975 has more than 250 people with 15 showrooms in Mumbai, Delhi, Bengaluru, Pune, Surat and Vapi. Marshalls, currently has 15 showrooms. Of these 8 are franchise showrooms. Wallpapers as a product puts a smile on the customers face that gives immense satisfaction.
Radico Remedies North India's premier pharmaceutical manufacturing company Radico Remedies is a single-point source for all pharmaceutical and contract manufacturing requirements. Radico has manufacturing facilities for pharmaceuticals, food supplements, nutraceuticals, and vitamins. The company’s contract manufacturing facility is ISO 9001:2000 certified & GMP Certified. Radico Remedies is looking for pharmaceutical franchise operators all over India.
JUICE LOUNGE Juice Lounge offers a bold dynamic approach to retailing in the health beverage industry. Juice Lounge- Juice Bars was formed in April,2005 and is the first juice bar chain of India and currently has 40+ stores operational across India and abroad. Juice Lounge has identified suitable locations nationwide and are looking for the right caliber of person to award their franchise rights. They offer franchise opportunities for a kiosk, OTC(over the counter)/mall counter and also a lounge. The investments as also the area required vary according to the formats. Further details for the same can be found in the link attached.
VLCC VLCC as a brand came into existence in 1989 and has grown to become the largest player in the Wellness domain in South Asia and the Middle East with operations in 8 countries, across over 240 locations in 109 cities. Its network of VLCC Slimming, Beauty and Fitness centers (commonly referred to as VLCC Centres) constitute the largest such chain in the countries it currently operates in, while its chain of VLCC Institutes of Beauty and Nutrition is the largest such network of vocational education academies in Asia.
The Mobile Store The MobileStore format is a one stop mobile solution shop that provides, multi brand handsets, accessories, connections, repairs, VAS etc all under one roof.The MobileStore currently has over 1000 outlets across 150 cities, thus covering virtually every major town in every state across India.he MobileStore caters to the Indian consumer‘s choice of the widest and most comprehensive range of mobile phones with special offers from all the key brands available across the globe. The MobileStore offers complete telecom solutions right from handset purchase to the choice of service operator and miscellaneous services like monthly bill collections etc., the stores also offer connections (pre paid and post paid), accessories and VAS including the latest ring tones, wallpapers and gaming and prompt after sales service, available not only in the city of purchase but in all The MobileStore outlets across the country. The MobileStore is the India’s No. 1 Mobile Retailer with 45% share in the telecom modern trade retail.The MobileStore promoted by the Essar Group, is a one stop mobile solution shop which offers mobiles, mobile accessories, mobile connections, recharges, theft insurance, extended warranty and many other services all under one roof in a world class shopping ambience. They invite applications from entrepreneurs across the country wishing to partner with them and make most of the telecom revolution. We believe that our learning’s which have now transformed into some of the best practices in the industry shall help us and the franchisee to make it a win–win model. TMS will support the Franchisee with telecom retail expertise, format of the store, supply chain capabilities and exciting consumer promotions. We provide the Franchisee with the best-in-industry margin structure and reward high performers handsomely. The company does not charge any royalty fee to the Franchisee, but instead provides ‘additional payout’ for conforming to the brand guidelines. Company leverages its influence with brands to make the model work and hence a promise of long- term relationship.
Speed Car Wash Speed Car Wash a concept developed by LIV INDIA to organize the Car Cleaning segment to give the community a new definition of car care and detailing services which are not professionally followed in India. Based at Delhi their endeavour is to spread the awareness amongst car users about the Clean Car Culture & Car Hygiene. Speed Car Wash is a brand which is literally going to change the way people think about car cleaning. It is a unique mechanized car cleaning concept where cars are getting pampered by the latest equipments including high pressure cleaning machines, spray injection and extraction machines, high powered vacuum cleaners, steam cleaners and so on. When India is teeming with glowing and enthusiastic business opportunities, car washing business can bang the Indian market. The country where innumerable cars are catching the sights of people, smart car wash can wrap up the opportunity. This venture is entirely dedicated towards spreading the awareness among car users about their car hygiene habits, cleanliness, durability of exterior look and other common cleaning tips. Although it is an unorganized sector till date, a new and organized way of car washing can create the difference. At Speed Car Wash, plethora of research on the car care and maintenance was done and this entire concept was summed up. The aim is to deliver best of services and bring in new concept to the car market. Like other countries like US, Italy, Germany and UK where professional car wash has a very significant role to play, India is also not far flung in the race. Speed Car Wash franchisees do not need any prior technical experience to effectively operate a franchise. Their comprehensive initial training program includes engaging, in-depth, informative classes on all technical matters, marketing, operations and technology.One will complete training with the confidence and knowledge necessary to succeed. The training sessions would be taken by our Certified Trainers having good experience in the business car wash. The trainer will work side-by-side working with employees, initiating marketing activities, and ensuring that the equipment is functioning properly. Speed Car Wash will assist one in developing a budget for your local marketing program. In addition Speed Car Wash provides its franchise owners with ongoing marketing support through our Active Marketing Program (AMP). AMP is a program implemented by the Speed Car Wash home office once a person completes the initial training program. AMP gives you ongoing listings on specific lead generation through websites and Google Pay-Per-Click campaigns, SMS blasts and email campaigning allowing one, one more time to productively manage the critical day-to-day operations of ones business. After one has completed both the initial training program and the on-site training one will have access to their support personnel at the home office. Their support staff is waiting to assist you with any aspect of the business. one will also have access to our library of resource material including our: Startup, Operation, Technical, Employee, and Marketing manuals. These manuals help managing every aspect of your business from day to day to ling term planning. The manuals are written by the team of experts and have been tested, measured and refined according to the business system.
Water jet Germany Pvt.Ltd. Water Jet Germany Pvt. Ltd. (WJG) started its operation in 2005. Since inception, WJG has come a long way in the field of Manufacturing to become the leading manufacturer and exporter of CNC operated Abrasive Water Jet cutting machines in India. Over a period of time, WJG has built a solid reputation across the Globe by offering High Quality service and support.
Birdy s bakery and pastries Birdy's is a chain of gourmet bakery and patisserie shops catering to our wide range of daily, indulgence and celebration needs with its scrumptious array of breads, cakes and pastries. Usually the first choice for all occasions and celebrations, Birdy’s has become synonymous with the word ‘Cake’. A haven for breads and desserts, the bakery offers freshly prepared appetizing treats ranging from the traditional to the exotic to the ‘made to order’ recipes. Patisserie, desserts, sandwiches, muffins, European chocolates gateaux and tea time favorites are just a few of the irresistible products available at Birdy's. Expanding at a rapid pace, the Birdy's currently has 55 outlets spread across Mumbai and Delhi with plans to increase its retail presence exponentially. It is ISO 220000 certified .
Hobby Ideas Hobby Ideas is India's first chain of arts, crafts and hobby stores, promoted by Pidilite Industries. It is the first of its kind concept in India where you get a chance to create and indulge in your favorite hobby. It offers a range of more than 2500 arts, crafts and hobby products across various categories from different countries all over the world and also, to help you unleash your creative energies it offers workshops and activities in the guidance of experts and teachers. Hobby Ideas is present in multiple cities through 11 owned stores and 13 shop-in-shop stores.
PRG Pharma PRG Pharma was established in 2001 is engaged in manufacture of huge basket of Healthcare products which is addressing all the therapeutic dosage forms like Tab, Capsules , syrups ,ointments, sterile parenteral, protein granules & herbal products. PRG Pharma under its expansion plan is searching for pharma franchise/ business partners/ Distributors from financially sound unrepresented states/ districts of India.
foRUN EXPRESS Forun express is a growing courier brand in India.It is a franchise where you operate as the Man-In-The-Office, in your personal demarcated area. All parcels & documents that come in via the national network of 'hubs' for delivery, outgoing parcels to be picked up at the end of the day for national or international delivery are hosted by the depot. This is then co-ordinated with the Man-In-The-Office Franchisees by the Operations teams in the depots.Forun express franchisees are actual couriers. You operate from your own office and usually start out with one vehicle in the area until there is the opportunity to expand. Franchisees market and "work" their own areas. The area is determined by the Franchisor and the Franchisee depending on the availability has the exclusive right to a particular area. Mail shots, local advertising, good contacts, and simply knocking on doors are all ways to bring your services to the attention of local businesses.
Gold’s Gym Gold's Gym has been the authority on fitness since 1965. Gold’s Gym started its operations in India in 2002 with 14000 sq. ft. state of the art facility at Napean Sea in South Mumbai. Today Gold’s Gym has 38 franchisees across 20 cities in India.
Godrej & Boyce Mfg. Co. Ltd. Godrej Interio is a business unit of Godrej & Boyce Mfg. Co. Ltd. - part of the Godrej Group, one of India’s largest engineering and consumer product groups. Godrej Interio, a premium lifestyle furniture brand, is one of the biggest players in the furniture industry today. From manufacturing the humble Storwel cupboard 80 years back to being a vibrant, innovative brand with a diverse portfolio its been a brilliant, exciting journey for Godrej Interio. Today, Godrej Interio is one of the leading retail franchise company in India.
Carnation.in Carnation Auto is an initiative by Mr. Jagdish Khattar, with a vision of developing India's largest independent multi-brand automobile sales and service network. Carnation is setting up a state-of-the-art network of integrated auto solution hubs across the country to enhance the overall experience of owning a car and to optimize the cost of ownership. Carnation provides complete solutions for almost all brands of cars, starting from quick servicing, mechanical repairs, body repairs, accessories, insurance, car exchange and even doorstep service through a chain of workshop on wheels. The Company has recently got into a strategic alliance with Magneti Marelli a $7 Billion subsidiary of the Fiat Group to service premium cars and to market spares in the Independent aftermarket. In an effort to provide total auto care to customers under one roof, Carnation has tied-up with leading names in the automobile industry. Tie up with 3M & Gard X are for value added services, Castrol for lubricants, Bridgestone for tyres and Asian PPG & Akzo Nobel for paints. By adopting world-class equipment and IT systems they have been able to implement thorough transparency in the system while enhancing the quality of service in all our processes. Carnation has implemented SAP Dealer Business Management suite in India for the first time with TCS as the technology partner. SAP plays a key role in improving productivity and facilitates real-time access on a single database. It helps in efficient scheduling and utilizing assets more effectively. The technology assists in visibility across locations in India and also manage inventory from site to site.Carnation Auto already has 25 Auto Solution Hubs operational across India, one each in Amritsar, Gurgaon, Pune, Lucknow, Bangalore, Karnal, Jalandhar, Chandigarh, Surat, Sahibabad/Ghaziabad and Kochi; two each in Chennai and Noida, three in Mumbai and four in Hyderabad. Carnation already has over 1000 employees.
EuroKids EuroKids is the first of its kind preschools in India with international standards, which aspires to inculcate quality education to kids. With 780+ preschools in 280 towns and cities across India, EuroKids is rapidly gaining popularity as the first and the most sought after preschool franchise in the country today. The demand for quality Pre School education is growing by the day. There's dearth of individuals and institutions that can bring a change in this field. Individuals who value the importance of education and who can offer their time and investment can make a big difference.
Haldiram's Haldiram’s is a famous sweet and namkeen or snacks brand from Nagpur which now has many retail outlets in various places across India. It has many restaurants in Delhi and in Delhi NCR serving, fresh Indian food, including snacks, main course, sweets, and desserts.
SPALON SPALON is an initiative by DREAMZ INTERNATIONAL founded by DR.ROOPA LAKSHMI BHAT who is a NATUROPATH, SPA CONSULTANT AND SPA EQUIPMENT TRADER in the industry who envisaged the dream of setting up SPALON centers which offers quality services at a very affordable price with premium quality of service. SPALON the premium brand of Wellness Lounge exclusively for Ladies is on the vision of opening up their chain of centers across India and intends to facilitate lady entrepreneurs and investors to invest on the concept which is affordable and with a faster breakeven. The salon & spa business franchise industry is a very lucrative and exciting sector that offers a strong opportunity for any individual to turn entrepreneur. As people are becoming more health and wellness conscious than ever, Hair styling, nail salons, spas or wellness centers, offer consistent monthly income too. Investing in a spa and salon "SPALON" franchise is therefore a good opportunity for aspiring entrepreneurs. Today SPALON has already opened their outlets at Bangalore,Coimbatore. Very Soon SPALON is setting up its centre in Hyderabad, Chennai, Cochin, Trivendrum and Mysore by the end of 2012. SPALON is planning to achieve its Landmark of setting up centers pan India.
Bombay Dyeing Bombay Dyeing is one of the leading companies in the textile business. In fact, India has made a position in the world textile sector holding the hands of Bombay Dyeing. The textile products of the company are exported to different nations all across the world like the United States, European Union Countries, Australia and New Zealand. Bombay Dyeing is a household name with above 600 franchise retail shops all across the country.
Mickey Mehta 's Health Beyond Fitness Mickey Mehta is India's leading Holistic Health Guru for over 25 years, with a successful 13 years old association with Femina Miss India. He has contributed to bringing in many International Crowns to India.He as a philosopher; life coach; a author; a brand - an institution personified, has interwoven the philosophies of zen, tao, tantra and ved, and blended the disciplines of exercises such as calisthenics, functional training, boot camp, agility drills, tai chi, pilates, yoga, swimming etc. Please visit their website for details.
Dentistree Dentistree a specialized Dental Care Centre which started its first center of its kind at Chennai 10 years ago, where one can avail total dental care from the experts of various dental specialties. At present it has 4 franchisee outlets in India. Dentistree has brought in the technology of Chairside CAD/CAM with Bluelite Camera from Cerec for the first time in India. With the help of Chairside CAD / CAM, the patients can save their valuable time and energy and avoid multiple visits to the Dentist. Fixing of Crowns or Implants, which usually takes 3 to 5 sittings with the dentist, is reduced to just 15 minutes in one sitting with the help of CAD/CAM.
Orra The journey of a million gazes began in 1888 before it metamorphosed into ORRA. From sculpting and manufacturing diamonds to crafting and retailing the finest diamond and gold jewellery, ORRA has come a long way since its inception. Today, ORRA is one of India's finest jewellery retail chains, having spread its glow with 35 stores across 26 cities and has consistently been at the forefront of design leadership and product innovation with 5 global design centres.Master craftsmen who have inherited the centuries - old legacy of jewellery making, brilliantly cut Belgian diamonds, delicate designs in 22kt BIS Hallmarked gold., elaborate Bridal sets in kundan polki and coloured stones, the 73 facet ORRA Crown Star, the one-of-its-kind ORRA boutique....these are just some of the facets that go into making ORRA - the jewellery destination that's impossible to hide. With its design centres spread across the globe in New York, Antwerp, Hong Kong, Tokyo and Mumbai, ORRA's designers have won several prestigious awards like the De Beers International Award (DIA). ORRA has also won awards from the National Jewellers Association, Retail Jewellery Awards, PGI, etc. ORRA has showcased its collections alongside celebrated international designers like Pierre Gauthier and Ann Demeulemeester from Belgium and Gavin Rajah from South Africa, and Indian designers like Tarun Tahiliani and Anamika Khanna. It has collaborated with world-renowned artists like S H Raza, Anjolie Ela Menon to create one of kind masterpieces.
Jetking Infotrain Ltd. Jetking Infotrain Ltd. today is a reputable Hardware and Networking Institute that trains non-technical students to be the IT professionals of tomorrow through some of the most in-demand hardware and networking courses. Various sectors such as IT, BPOs, Retail, Manufacturing, PSUs, Healthcare and many more require well trained professionals and thats where Jetkings wholesome courses provide students the edge. Jetkings hardware and networking courses are sought after due to them being the most relevant and compatible with industry requirements. Franchisees are invited for a business management training with the top management of the company. This training includes management skills, systems and processes Marketing and Advertising Support.
Tata DOCOMO Tata DOCOMO is Tata Teleservices Limited's telecom service on the GSM platform-arising out of the Tata Group's strategic alliance with Japanese telecom major NTT DOCOMO in November 2008. Tata Teleservices has received a license to operate GSM telecom services in 19 of India's 22 telecom Circles-and has also been allotted spectrum in 18 telecom circles. Of these, it has already rolled out services in all the 18 Circles that it received spectrum in from the Government of India-Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Orissa, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Mumbai, Madhya Pradesh-Chhattisgarh, Haryana-Punjab, Kolkata, Rest of West Bengal, Jharkhand, Bihar, UP (East), UP (West), Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh and Rajasthan. Tata DOCOMO has also become the first Indian private operator to launch 3G services in India, with its recent launch in all the nine telecom Circles where it bagged the 3G license. In association with its partner NTT DOCOMO, the Company finds itself suitably positioned to leverage this first-mover advantage. With 3G, Tata DOCOMO stands to redefine the very face of telecoms in India. Tokyo-based NTT DOCOMO is one of the world's leading mobile operators-in Japan, the company is the clear market leader, used by nearly 55 per cent of the country's mobile phone users. NTT DOCOMO has played a major role in the evolution of mobile telecommunications through its development of cutting-edge technologies and services. Over the years, technologists at DOCOMO have defined industry benchmarks like 3G technology, as also products and services like i-Mode, e-wallet and a plethora of lifestyle-enhancing applications. Last year itself, while most of the rest of the industry was only beginning to talk of 4G technology and its possible applications, DOCOMO had already concluded conducting 4G trials in physical geographies, not just inside laboratories! DOCOMO is a global leader in the VAS space, both in terms of services and handset designs, particularly integrating services at the platform stage. The Tata Group-NTT DOCOMO partnership will see offerings such as these being introduced in the Indian market through the Tata DOCOMO brand. Here's an opportunity for one to partner with Tata DOCOMO - One of the best telecom companies in India & join the league of doers in the country! They are looking for franchises to partner & set up our Branded retail stores! So if one wants to partner with them here are a few criteria one need to fulfill: Your store must have a carpet area of 37.46 sq meters. It must have a good frontage. It should be located in an affluent neighbourhood. Should be on the ground floor. Should have a long lease tenure.
Kidzee Kidzee - The No.1 pre school chain in Asia and a division of Zee Network Education Group looks for passionate entrepreneurs, who would take pride in shaping the future of our nation. Present across 315 cities, Kidzee till date has more than 750 successful centers with 1,60,000 satisfied Alumni.
Express Car Wash Express Car Wash is a brainchild of Manmachine Group, the most successful organization in professional mechanized cleaning solutions and services. In a drive to revolutionize the concept of car cleaning in the country and create a Clean Car Culture, Express Car Wash is being launched. | 2019-04-21T04:23:00Z | https://smallb.sidbi.in/franchise-opportunities-india?field_fr_category_tid=All&field_inv_tid=All&field_space_required_tid=All&page=3 |
Observation - Jesus used the parable of a mustard seed to show how God delights in small things. A mustard is about the size of a pinhead but can grow into a large plant. Abraham became the father of many nations and Jesus offers salvation to the world. In God’s kingdom, simple truth takes hold, small faith flourishes and phenomenal growth takes place.
Application - Where is your faith at today? Do you spend your days worrying, or do you let your faith carry you through day-to-day. By spending time in the word and in prayer your faith grows from a small mustard seed, to something enormous.
Prayer - Lord, I cannot see you but I know that you are there. I trust that you hold me in the palm of your hand. Help me to live every day with this perspective. Help me to understand that even if I have a little bit of faith, you can move mountains with it. Help my faith to grow every day. In Jesus’ name I pray, Amen.
Observation - Jesus was simply asking the people of the synagogue a question. He wanted them to realize that their obsession with the technicalities of the law had blinded them from discovering God’s love. Jesus saw their stubborn hearts and it angered him. Jesus didn’t fly off of the handle with his anger or yell at the people. Instead, his anger in this moment drove him towards compassion and love for the people.
Application - What causes your anger to go off? Is it a loved one? A spouse? Rush hour traffic? Whatever it is, take a minute to check your heart to see what stirs up anger in you. Our anger is very human and most times it is not driven by love. When our human side gets angry, we tend to be hurtful towards people, even ourselves. Ask God to help you choose to LOVE rather that live in anger. If anger pushes you towards a change of heart -to focus on LOVE, it can be helpful.
Prayer - Lord, I confess my anger to you. When I confess, you are faithful and just to forgive. Cleanse my heart of all unrighteousness. Examine my heart and protect me from falling into temptation. Lead me instead towards loving people well. In Jesus’ name I pray, Amen.
Observation - The religious leaders of Jesus’ time really had no idea who he was. In viewing him, the leaders just saw a man who was trying to claim “authority.” They didn’t seem to know that Jesus was there to establish a connection once again between man and God and that he was in fact the Son of God. Jesus saw the faith of the friends of the man who was paralyzed. Jesus then forgave the mans sins. The religious leaders were shocked that a person, other than God himself would claim to do such a thing. Then Jesus took it a step farther and healed the man. They had been looking for the savior for so long, that they didn’t realize he was standing right in front of them.
Application - Have you ever felt judged by your past, your circumstances, or even choices that you’ve made? Or maybe, never felt like you measured up to someone’s expectations? When the paralytic man was carried to the house on a mat, the crowd couldn’t see past his appearance or their own desire to be in the house. Then, he was lowered through the roof. Jesus saw past the distractions and the crowd, he saw this man with compassion. Jesus has made a way to make all brokenness whole. Don’t feel like you ever too far gone, for the Savior to make your brokenness whole. He is after all, the same savior who called Levi, a tax collector to follow him too.
Prayer - Father, help me to trust that you see past my brokenness. Thank you for meeting me in my brokenness and making me whole. Somedays I feel weak and unwise. Thank you for your grace and forgiveness. Give me wisdom over all areas of my life. In Jesus’ name I pray, Amen.
Observation - In this chapter, we read about John the Baptist, who set the stage for the beginning of Jesus’ ministry. Then, Jesus called some people to be his followers, his disciples. Shortly after Jesus began his ministry, we see that he is more than just a good person, with good principles. Jesus was able to perform miracles because he is the son of God.
Application - Whether you just recently heard God’s invitation to follow him, or you have been following Jesus for decades, God is always welcoming us onto his team. What areas of your life is God inviting you to leave behind so that you can follow Him?
Prayer - Father, Thank you for always pursuing me and welcoming me onto your team. Would you help me respond to your invitation to follow you with every part of my life? In Jesus name, Amen.
Observation - Disappointment and confusion seemed to have moved into the lives of Jesus’ followers . In this chapter we meet of those followers as they travelled down the road. They had hoped the true Messiah had come, but their religious leaders had handed him over to be crucified. Like everyone else, they thought Jesus had come to redeem Israel politically and establish a physical kingdom that would overthrow the Roman rule and set them free. Instead, Jesus came and did so much more than that! He established a kingdom that he still rules over today and he removed sin’s stronghold so that people could become citizens of God’s spiritual kingdom. He still redeems in a way today that leaves us in constant awe of him.
Application - Our Savior is risen! As a follower of Christ this is the constant that we know and grow with on a daily basis. We know that this walk takes sacrifice, that most days seems so hard. Do you know Jesus as your personal Lord and Savior? If not, this weekend is a perfect opportunity for you to jump all in with Him. This chapter finds a number of Christ followers hopeless too. Invite God to display HOPE to you as you continue to navigate this life that often looks different than we expected.
Prayer - Lord Jesus, I ask you to forgive me of my sins. I ask you to come into my life and cleanse my heart and spirit. Make me a whole and new person in you Jesus. I ask that you surround me of your love and always let me know of your goodness, love, peace, joy, and patience. In Your name I pray, Amen.
Observation - Jesus’s ultimate sacrifice is recorded in this chapter. In man’s eyes he was guilty of the worst crimes and hung on the cross. But the payment wasn’t for any guilt of His own, it was God’s payment for all of humankind’s sins. The only way to cover our sin was to give a pure and blameless blood sacrifice. As the blood of Jesus stained the cross, so was death and sin lifted off of our lives. We are now able to be redeemed -to be in relationship with God, through Jesus Christ, our Savior’s sacrifice.
Application - As Easter draws nears, it is a great time to remember what Jesus did for us. Sometimes it’s easy to forget or let the idea of the cross become common to us. But, when we really take a minute to remember what Christ did, it does something to our spirits. The work of the cross brings true wholeness into our lives. Maybe that is why Jesus encouraged us to reflect often on His body and blood given for the forgiveness of our sins. Think back on your own salvation story. Take a few moments to write down your story as a way to reflect on God’s good grace and redemption of your life.
Prayer - God, thank you for sending your only son, Jesus to be a living sacrifice for me. Thank-you for my salvation and sanctification. Captivate me in your holiness. Purify my soul, mind, heart, and spirit. Burn the areas out of my life that are not pleasing to you. In your name I pray, Amen.
Observation - The gathering of Jewish religious leaders examined Jesus, hoping his response would give them something to accuse him of- enough to result in the death penalty by the Roman authorities. Jesus’ response to their questions was to declare, “I am,” which is similar to the way God presented himself to Moses. When Jesus said this the leaders took what he was saying as proclaiming himself God, which was the highest form of blasphemy and the crime was punishable by death. It’s just what they needed to turn Jesus over to Pilate.
Application - Have there been times where life has been on trial for you? While our sins are indeed punishable by death, Jesus has stepped in to serve the death penalty that we deserve and has given us everlasting life instead. All we have to do is accept him and give our trials over to him. What trial, what challenge, do you need to allow Jesus to step into today in your life?
Prayer - Jesus thank you for being my redeemer. Without you I would face a life full of worry and uncertainty. I wouldn’t know my next steps and would be completely lost without your shining life. I thank you Jesus for every moment that I get to spend in your presence. In your name I pray, amen.
Observation - In this chapter, Jesus honored a humble widow who gave everything she had. Jesus also prophesied about coming days where persecution would be rampant, but he encouraged his followers to stand strong. Even when put on trial, it would be their opportunity to tell people about Jesus!
Application - It sounds exciting to be all in, fully committed right? Full commitment comes at a high cost though. It can be challenging to be fully committed, but Jesus helps us grab some perspective in this chapter. A widow’s small offering is actually more than just a tiny amount of money, because she gave everything she had. In preparing his followers for coming persecution, the perspective Jesus points them towards is not to focus on things falling apart around them, rather he invited them to see the opportunities God gives them to share HOPE in the midst of hopelessness. How can you focus on the opportunities to give your all in he midst of the challenges you face today? How can you invite God to direct your perspective differently today?
Prayer - God, Thank you for helping me fix my eyes on you and the opportunities to surrender all I have to you. When the world around me starts to crumble, help me to fix my eyes on the opportunities you are giving me to share your hope, rather than being caught in despair and anxiety. In Jesus name, Amen.
Observation - The parable of the vineyard hit home to many of the people who were listening to Jesus tell it. The owner of the vineyard represents God; The vineyard is Israel; the tenant farmers are the religious leaders; the servants are the prophets; and the son is the Messiah. Jesus creatively told the coming of his death and resurrection through this parable. Most of the people are shocked by the details of this story and couldn’t believe the mistreatment of the servants and death of the son. But hey didn’t realize that they soon would give Jesus over to be killed. The good news is that Jesus is the cornerstone that holds up God’s kingdom. Soon the people will have a choice; reject God forever, or come to know him through his son, Jesus Christ.
Application - Have you ever felt rejection in life? It’s a tough pill to swallow sometimes. How did you handle the rejection? Just think how Jesus might feel when we have rejected him at times in our lives. Thankfully, Jesus doesn’t become bitter like we tend to do. Instead he so graciously still loves us and always has his arms wide open to welcome us home when we are ready for him. Throughout this chapter, we read about Jesus’ interaction with ‘religious’ people and leaders of the day who didn’t realize that the savior they were waiting for was standing right in front of them. How can reflecting on the fact that Jesus overcame the grave for us change the way we’ll live our lives out today?
Prayer - Lord, help me to see what You are doing throughout the day. Help me to live a life that is a reflection of you. In Jesus’ name, Amen.
Observation - While at Zacchaeus’ house, Jesus used a parable to teach the people about his kingdom. He encouraged the people to remain faithful until the kingdom arrives through the second coming of Jesus. Some of the servants in the parable multiplied what God had trusted them with. One of the other servants in the parable tried to play it safe by holding onto all his belongings. He didn’t manage what the nobleman had entrusted to him and it was taken from the servant.
Then Jesus was on his way to Jerusalem. The same people that welcomed him there with praise and triumph would soon be the people that would shout that he should be hung on the cross. The crowd was anticipating that Jesus would soon be their earthly king and free them from Roman rule. Making his way into the city, Jesus wept over the city, knowing that many of the people there, were missing the fact that the True Messiah had come because they were expecting him to look different than he did.
Application - It - In our lives today we can let worry, insecurities, and fear hold us back from doing what God has called us to do. Instead, we should step out to God’s call and be faithful and trust that He knows what he is doing with our lives. What has he given you to manage right now? It might not seem like much, but will you manage and care for why he’s given you?
Prayer - Jesus, help me have faith that goes beyond my own understanding. Take fear out of my life and replace it with your peace. Help me to be faithful with the people and things you have trusted me with to manage. Give me wisdom on how to multiply what you’ve given me, for your glory. The path may be rocky, but your hand guides and steadies me. In your name I pray, Amen.
Observation - Jesus tells a parable about a Persistent Widow, to help us learn how to pray. The story sets a model of persistent prayer, that is tenacious, constant, and insistent. Jesus encourages one to ask again and again and again in the face of what seems like unresponsiveness. God through his love for us responds eagerly to our persistence. Jesus ends with a question to think on. Can faith be found anywhere on earth?
Application - The story of the widow sets an example of someone who realized their need, and knew who could fix it. God will ‘surely give justice to his chosen people who cry out to him day and night’. Some days it feels like prayers go unheard. Then there are days that we only pray when we feel like it or when troubles come our way. But a healthy prayer life is found in spending time simply talking with God. How can you change your prayer life? Would you say your pray life is healthy or non-existent? What is a big distraction in your life that you could take away and instead use prayer to fill that time? The most important thing about prayer is not about the words or ways that you pray. The most important thing about prayer is that you simply begin.
Prayer - Father, with all the distractions in life it is hard sometimes to turn off the noise and focus on you. Whatever is keeping my attention away from you show me what that it is. Grow my prayer life and grow my faith. In Jesus’ name I pray, Amen.
Observation - Jesus refers to the millstone in his teaching as an example of how much weight a person bears when living in sin. He teaches his disciples that the number times a person has sinned doesn’t matter when a person asks for forgiveness. He explain to them that a person will always be forgiven when they repent of their sins. The disciples responded to Jesus by asking him to grow their faith even more. Jesus simply stated that faith begins as small as a mustard seed. Jesus knew how much this moment would stretch his followers’ faith, but Jesus also knew that they would be able to forgive as their faith grew and stretched.
Application - Forgiveness seems to be the one thing that most people find hard to do. It seems easier to take the moment that something was done to you and bury it deep in your heart. But what happens is that moment begins to grow roots of bitterness and from the bitterness comes anger and unforgiveness. It begins to turn you into someone that no one wants to be around. Forgiveness is not only for the benefit of the other person, but rather a valuable moment for you to give your situation over to God. Take some time to ask God to help you forgive anyone that you have held back forgiveness from, after all, he is the Master of forgiveness.
Prayer - Father, thank you for your gift of forgiveness. Your mercy flows over me in spite of my faults and failures. Your Word says to, “clothe yourselves with love, which binds together in perfect harmony.” (Col 3:14) Help me demonstrate unconditional love today, even to those who hurt me. In Jesus’ name I pray, Amen.
Observation - When first looking at this chapter Jesus seems to be saying that things have changed around here, but then again, nothing has changes. What Jesus is really saying is that the coming of the Messiah builds on the foundation the prophets laid. Jesus doesn’t abolish the law, he fulfills it. Think of it like this. You have a plain white room with no decoration. Later, you come in and paint the room a nice neutral color, add decoration, and possibly some new furniture. The room seems to be a different place but is actually the same place magnified. Jesus’ message doesn’t cancel out what the prophets have said but adds depth and meaning to it. The law prepares the way for God to show his love through Jesus. The law cannot bring righteousness or oneness with God; however, the law shows us our need for a Savior and points us to Christ who Is the only way.
Application - We would like to think that we can go out and do our own, but the reality is that we need our Savior. Think about your life before you came to Christ and what it was like. Now, think about your life after you came into relationship with Jesus. What an awesome transformation your life took! He made something beautiful from the ashes that were scattered in your life!
Prayer - Lord, I am so grateful for keeping those around me safe and loved. Thank you for your blessings in my life. I pray that you remind me of just how blessed I am and that you never let me forget to show gratitude in all areas of my life. In your name I pray, amen.
Observation - Jesus tells us constantly through his words that he is the seeker of the lost. He tells three stories of lost items in Luke 15. A sheep, a coin, and a son. When each item is found Jesus talks about the celebration and rejoicing that they are no longer lost but found. The same goes for a person who has strayed far from the presence of God. They may have wandered for a while but when they come back to knowing Him, all of heaven rejoices.
Application - Have you ever lost your way, lost hope, or felt like you were losing your mind? Have you ever felt like you were lost to the world, or even to yourself? Take inventory of what you have lost recently and ask God to help show you how to rejoice through those losses. You are not rejoicing over the loss but rather God takes things that have strayed away from us and marvelously restores them to us in ways we might not immediately recognize or appreciate.
Prayer - Father, help me to see how you work out every moment of my life; the good and the bad, the wins and the losses. It is hard to see your exact plan and there just may be moments that I totally don’t get. That’s where your wisdom comes into play. I know that there will be times I don’t completely understand the why and will have to learn to trust in you for those moments. Lead and guide me. In Jesus’ name I pray, amen.
Observation - Jesus went to eat dinner in the home of a leader of the Pharisee on the Sabbath. While he was there, he healed a man after asking the Pharisee’s if it was ok to heal someone on the Sabbath. The Pharisees couldn’t tell him if it was ok to heal someone on that day. Instead they were intent on following religious rules, finding their own place of importance, rather than blessing others. Then Jesus told a parable about being invited to a banquet by the Father. The guests who were originally invited all had excuses about why they could not come to the banquet. Instead, the master invited others to the banquet.
Application - Jesus was all about blessing and caring for those in need. Sometimes it is so easy to get caught up in the tasks and rules of our faith. Jesus set an example of this by healing a man on a day that many people were more worried about what not to do, rather than the opportunity to care for someone that was right in front of them. Then remember that God invites us to the banquet with him. The people in Jesus story who were invited at first were too caught up in all sorts of tasks and events. God invites us to come into his presence, to celebrate at the banquet table. What distracts you from fixing your eyes on Jesus and being in his presence? How can you make being in his presence a priority today?
Prayer - God, help me not to get caught up in the work and tasks of my faith. Instead, help me to make being in your presence a priority. Help me to fix my eyes on you God. In Jesus’ name, Amen.
Observation - Sometimes portions of the Bible can be small, but significant. Towards the end of the chapter part of Mary and Martha’s story is told. As Jesus was about to enter their home, Martha was running around trying to prepare everything and get the house and food ready for Jesus’ arrival. But, when he arrived… Mary, instead of helping her sister, chose to sit at the feet of Jesus. Seeing her sister sitting there, Martha complained having to do everything herself, but Jesus told her that Mary is right where she should be.
Application - There are days that we get so busy that we miss intricate, intimate moments with our Savior. We are so busy doing work, serving, taking care of family, and raising children, that Jesus has to yell over the noise and shuffle to get our attention. What can you do in your life to change up the time that you spend with Jesus? What time could you exchange so that you could have more time with Jesus?
Prayer - Father, life can get absolutely crazy. I know there are things I could put aside in order to fill my life with more time with you. At the end of the day, you are all that matters. I know the more I surrender to you, the more you’ll pour back into me. I love you God. In Jesus’ name I pray, Amen.
Observation - Jesus sent out the twelve disciples who He had given authority to preach the gospel, heal the sick, and drive out demons. The people followed Jesus as he spoke about the Kingdom of God. He fed five thousand people with just five loaves of bread and two fish. Jesus made a little go a long way. Jesus’ transfiguration was a display of that glory of God. Even in his transfiguration, a great spiritual moment, Jesus was willing to speak about death and sufferings.
Application - How is your prayer life? Do you talk to Jesus daily? Do you carve out time to spend time with him? It’s not always easy in our busy lives to find that time with Jesus. Try taking just five minutes a day to start praying -this might help you learn how to spend quality time with God. As you spend that time it will grow into more.
Prayer - Father, you’ve shown me through your Son that prayer is an essential part of my walk with you. It allows me time to bring my worries, issues, and fears and lay them at your feet. It is also a time to praise you and thank you for each of my blessings. Would you build a passion in my heart to always keep pursing you and help me to build our secret place together. | 2019-04-23T22:35:35Z | https://www.2911church.com/soap-blog/tag/2911+SOAP |
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